Honey-Lemon-Based Facial Cleanser - Research Paper (PCU Format)

Philippine Christian University
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Dasmariñas Campus
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF HONEY-LEMON-BASED FACIAL
CLEANSER IN RESOLVING THE ACNE BREAKOUTS OF THE SELECTED
GRADE 12
STEM STUDENTS OF PHILIPPINE CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY,
DASMARIÑAS CAMPUS, SCHOOL YEAR 2018-2019
An Undergraduate Thesis
Presented to
The Faculty of the Senior High School Department
City of Dasmariñas, Cavite
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements in Research Project
Submitted by:
Castillo, Dimple Anne G.
Cornita, Genny Rose J.
Kalinisan, Dina Kruzzeth D.
Laurente, Jesus D.
San Pedro, Jennissis Ian C.
Tugano, John Benedict Z.
Tuliao, Isaac N.
Turla, John Michael R.
Submitted to:
Ms. Carmela B. Ramelo
May 2019
Dasmariñas Campus
APPROVAL SHEET
This study entitled “The Effectiveness of Honey-Lemon-Based Facial

Cleanser in Resolving the Acne Breakouts of the Selected Grade 12 STEM
Students of Philippine Christian University, Dasmariñas Campus, School
Year 2018-2019”, has been prepared by Dimple Anne G. Castillo, Genny
Rose J. Cornita, Dina Kruzzeth D. Kalinisan, Jesus D. Laurente, Jennissis
Ian C. San Pedro, John Benedict Z. Tugano, Isaac N. Tuliao, and John
Michael R. Turla, in partial fulfillment of the course requirement in Research
Project and will be presented for an Final Oral Defense.
MS. CARMELA B. RAMELO
Research Adviser
Approved by the Committee on Final Oral Defense with a grade of _______
THESIS REVIEW PANEL
MS. CARMELA B. RAMELO

Teacher, Research Project
Member
MR. JUSTINE MAR F. MINA

Subject Coordinator, Research Department
Member
Accepted in partial fulfillment of the course requirement in the subject,

Research Project
DR. MARIO S. MECATE

Principal, SHS
Chairman, Thesis Review Panel
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
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The researchers would like to express their uttermost
gratitude and appreciation to those who contributed in the completion of this
study.
First and most of all, they would like to give all glory, honour, praise,
and thanksgiving to the Creator, the LORD GOD Almighty, for giving them
strong will and abundant strength to finish the work and for the countless
blessings the authors have been receiving. Truly, it was said in the Bible that
people can do all things through Christ who strengthens them. (Philippians
4:13)
They would also like to express their sincerest gratitude to Dr. Mario S.
Mecate, Senior High School principal of Philippine Christian University
-Dasmariñas Campus, for his words of wisdom for all the senior high school
students of PCU - Dasmariñas Campus to become hard-working and
responsible in completing their requirements, especially in Research Project;
To Ms. Carmela B. Ramelo, who served as the researchers’ panelist

and the researchers’ adviser for her valuable guidance, assistance,
acceptance, patience and words of encouragement for the preparation and
completion of this requirement for his subject Research Project;
To their teachers, for giving wisdom and knowledge which helped the
researchers to successfully accomplish their research paper;
To their parents, for their never-ending support and motivation to the

researchers to comply for the necessary requirements;
And to their friends, especially to the Persia Family that help the
researchers to stay positive all the time and giving advices.
ABSTRACT
Dasmariñas Campus
This research study highlights the Effectiveness of
Honey-Lemon-Based Facial Cleanser in Resolving the Acne Breakouts of
the Selected Grade 12 STEM Students of Philippine Christian University,
Dasmariñas Campus, A.Y. 2018-2019. This research study will only focus
on Honey-Lemon-Based Facial Cleanser’s effectiveness in resolving the
acne breakouts of the selected students. Moreover, this research
investigates the factors or causes of acne, and the possible solutions to it,
such as honey and lemon, which contains essential substances which can
help in resolving the acne breakouts. This is a quantitative research that will
use criteria to gather data and statistical tools such as weighted mean,
ANOVA and hypothesis testing for establishing accurate results.
Subsequently, the researchers have assured that the results will be valid as
they follow a certain process. They will also use several methods for the
results to be reliable and could be served as a basis of the future
researchers.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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TITLE…………………………………………………………………
……. i
APPROVAL SHEET………………………………………………………. ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT…………………………………………………. iii
ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………... iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS…………………………………………………. v
LIST OF TABLES………………………………………………………… vii
LIST OF GRAPHS………………………………………………………… viii
CHAPTER
I. INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study………………………………………… 1
Statement of the Purpose……………………………………….. 3
Scopes and Limitations ………………………………………… 4
Significance of the Study ……………………………………….. 4
II. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

Review of Related Literature and Studies…………………….. 6
Synthesis…………………………………………………………. 9
Conceptual Paradigm…………………………………………… 10
Hypothesis……………………………………………………… 11
Definition of Terms……………………………………………… 12
III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

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Research
Design……………………………………………… 14
Research Locale……………………………………………… 14
Sample and Sampling Techniques Used………………….. 15
Instrumentation………………………………………………. 15
Data Gathering Procedure………………………………….. 17
Statistical Analysis of the Data……………………………… 17
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS…………………………… 20
V. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary of the Findings……………………………………. 25
Conclusions…………………………………………………… 28
Recommendations…………………………………………… 29
APPENDICES………………………………………………………….. 31
BIBLIOGRAPHY……………………………………………………….. 56
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. Description of the Trials ………………........................................ 20
Table 2. Results of the Experimental Trials ............................................. 21
Table 3. Weighted Mean Results about the Effectiveness of Honey-Lemon-

Based Facial Cleanser and Weighted Mean Rankings ……..................... 22
Table 4. Overall Weighted Mean Results of Honey-Lemon-Based Facial

Cleanser…………………………………………………………………...........23
Table 5. ANOVA (Analysis of Variance or F-Test)…................................. 24
Table 6. Summary of the Findings............................................................ 27
Table 7. Result of the Hypothesis............................................................. 28
LIST OF FIGURES
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Figure 1. Conceptual Paradigm of the
Study………………………………. 10
Figure 2. Selected Research Observers and Evaluators of the Experimental

Study and Amount of Honey-Lemon Mixture Per Trial ……………........... 16
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
This experimental research is all about resolving the acne breakouts by

the use of honey and lemon as a facial cleanser and moisturizer for the face of
the selected Philippine Christian University – Dasmariñas Campus grade 12
STEM students’ acne breakouts. Acne breakout is most common among
teenagers, though it affects people of all ages. It is a condition in which the skin
on a person’s face, neck, etc. has many small swollen parts.In fact, nearly all of
the teens have experienced occasional breakout. [ CITATION Ame12 \l 1033 ] It is
important to study this problem because knowing the facts can make a big
difference in being able to treat the condition. [ CITATION Col15 \l 1033 ] As of this
very moment, the problem is still existing mostly to the teenager, ranging from
ages 10-13 up to 19, and most of the cases of acne resolve by the time the
person is in their 20s, though it is not unusual for it to continue into adulthood. It
is important to resolve it to help boost the confidence and self-esteem of those
teenagers.
Most of the acne breakouts on the teenage students’ faces make a big
impact on their self-esteem and self-confidence. However, it can also make a big
impact in their school performances and can even lead to depression and
psychological issues as well. According to the study, it was estimated that 85% of
teens get acne, mainly because of some hormonal changes inside their bodies
during puberty stage. As with that matter, the authors of this research come to a
point of constructing some questions that can serve as their guide in conducting
this research study. This is one of the questions they have formulated, “How
effective is honey and lemon, as a facial cleanser, in resolving the acne
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breakouts of the grade 12 STEM students?” This concerns the
researchers which may help them in constructing their own research study. In
that situation, they will be in their great purposefulness to find or give answer for
the benefit of their research study and either way recommends new ideas to
different groups of people.
Subsequently, with these problems, parallel purposes have been

structuring this paper. One major purpose of this research is to (1) determine the
effectiveness of honey-lemon-based facial cleanser in resolving the acne
breakouts of the selected PCU Grade 12 STEM students. Second purpose is to
(2) note the demographic profile of these students, which can help in research for
conducting accurate statistics. Next is to (3) encourage these students to use
natural facial cleansers for their faces instead of using harmful chemical-based
facial products, and last is to (4) help them boost their self-confidence and self-
esteem. Furthermore, so as to help the researchers in this study, they will use
the criteria/rubrics and the documentation paper for the result of the study, along
with the use of statistical treatments for them to provide accurate information
concerning this research study. Furthermore, this research study focuses only on
the selected Grade 12 STEM students of PCU Dasmariñas who’s having the
acne breakouts and this study won’t include blackheads and whiteheads etc.
This study will not also include the Grade 11 students, faculty members and
Grade 12 students of the other strand of Philippine Christian University –
Dasmariñas Campus.
Statement of the Purpose
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The researchers of this research study entitled “The
Effectiveness of Honey-Lemon-Based Facial Cleanser in Resolving the Acne
Breakouts of the Selected Grade 12 Students of Philippine Christian University –
Dasmariñas Campus” aim to answer these following questions along the
research period, A.Y. 2018-2019:
1. How effective is honey and lemon, as a facial cleanser, in resolving the

acne breakouts of the selected STEM 12 students of PCU Dasma?
2. Is there any significant difference between the conducted trials of honey-
lemon-based facial cleanser?
3. Can honey and lemon help to moisturize the skin of the selected grade 12
STEM students of the Philippine Christian University – Dasmariñas
Campus?
4. Can honey and lemon smoothen the skin of the selected STEM 12
students of the Philippine Christian University – Dasmariñas Campus?
5. Will this honey and lemon mixture as a facial cleanser be suitable for the
skin of the selected Philippine Christian University – Dasmariñas Campus
STEM 12 observers of this experimental research?
Moreover, this research study aims to determine the effectiveness of honey-

lemon-based facial cleanser in resolving the acne breakouts of the selected
grade 12 STEM students of Philippine Christian University – Dasmariñas
Campus, school year 2018-2019.
Scopes and Limitations
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The researchers have conducted this study to determine the
effectiveness of Honey-Lemon-Based Facial Cleanser in resolving the acne
breakouts; with that, the areas that they will cover throughout the study will
circulate or revolve only on this aspect. Some of the areas that are part of the
researchers’ niche are determining the side effects or suitableness of honey and
lemon for the acne breakouts.
However, some areas that are not included in this study are about the
studies relating to other skin diseases. Likewise, this research study will just
focus on acne breakouts. This study will not also include or use some
experimental elements/products aside from honey and lemon. Aside from lemon,
the researchers will not also use other citric acid-based alternatives like
calamansi, etc. This will not be a qualitative type of research so there is a strong
basis on the numerical data as well as statistical tools will be used. As pertained,
the study will just focus on the selected SHS – STEM 12 students of PCU
Dasmariñas Campus, and this study is restricted on the said locale because they
are contextually relevant to the main target of the study and it will be covering (1)
academic year only. Hence, any other aspects that are not related to the niche
will be disregarded in order to focus on the rationale, context and significance
which are appropriate in the study.
Significance of the Study
This research study is completed and conducted to directly or indirectly

generate benefits for these following groups which frame the reason why
researchers strive to make their paper possible:
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 Selected SHS – STEM 12 Students – They can be
benefited by this study by helping them in their facial problem and by
helping them in boosting their self-confidence and self-esteem to face the
people.
 Community – They can be benefited after the researchers prove that the
Honey-Lemon-Based Facial Cleanser is effective and recommend this
product to them. They can also be informed in cleaning their faces, to no
longer use facial products with harmful chemicals which are not suitable
for their skin. Instead, they will now use natural products like what
researchers have now.
 Future Researchers – This can also benefit them by helping them to come
up for more information that they will need in conducting another research
that will prove that the honey and lemon, used as a facial cleanser, is
effective. This research study can also be their guide for conducting and
discovering greater heights for this research area.
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CHAPTER 2
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
A. Review of Related Literature and Studies
Acne breakout or simply acne is a condition in which the skin of a person’s

face or body has many swollen parts, and this condition occurs when the small
pores on the skin’s surface become blocked out. Sometimes, acne is generally
caused by hormonal changes in the body which can be also called a puberty
stage. According to the American Academy of Dermatology (2012), nearly all of
the people in this adolescent stage suffered or experienced these acne
breakouts. Also, added by this statement of Colorado Springs Dermatology Clinic
(2015), this problem is still existing mostly to the teenagers, ranging from ages
10-13 up to 19, and most of the cases of acne breakouts resolve by the time the
person is in their 20s, though it is not usual for it to continue into adulthood.
Moreover, these statements from these two dermatological organizations
definitely showed that acne breakouts should be studied, on how to solve this
kind of problem, because it can affect the confidence and self-esteem of a
person, so possibly this experimental study that the researchers are conducting
can help resolve this kind of condition by using their honey-lemon mixture as
facial cleanser.
Having oily skin is very irritating, and it is very prone to acne breakouts.
Honey and lemon juice mix can do miracles to treat one’s skin well and make
him/her free from pimples. For those who have oily skin, lemon has been
considered as the best home remedy since the past ages, while honey was also
proven as effective in treating pimples unlike the other acne treatments that
usually leave the skin dry. [ CITATION Dev182 \l 1033 ]
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With that statement of Bandyopadhya (2018), it was clearly
declared that honey and lemon mixture was recommended to be used for
treating one’s acne breakouts.
As supported by Anand (2013), both honey and lemon can be easily found
in the food storage, and even though they can be used for the food by adding
great taste, they also have amazing benefits for the skin. For that reason, it was
concluded by that statement of Anand (2013) that honey and lemon mixture
really is useful not only in flavoring, but it is also useful for applying it on the skin.
[ CITATION Apa13 \l 1033 ]
Brunson (2015) also said that this all-natural honey and lemon cleanser is
good and suitable for skin types including sensitive skin. These are its benefits
when applied continuously: eliminates acne, can act as a light cleansing
instrument, dries up pimple, lessens pore size, smoothens skin, decreases
redness and directly relieves irritation, makes glowing skin, reduces dryness and
even flaking, moisturizes skin with the help of honey, lightens skin, makes good
skin tone and also prevents bacteria to live in an environment due to honey’s
presence. Moreover, Brunson (2015) states that lemon and honey mixture can
do many wonders in one’s skin, especially to the acne breakouts. [ CITATION
Nik15 \l 1033 ]
Lemon has an anti-aging effect which makes skin still look young, and this
is due to the Vitamin C, which contains antioxidant properties, and citric acid, that
can be used for exfoliation. These two elements which can be found in lemon
help maintain the moisture and softness of skin, and these also avoid wrinkles on
face. [ CITATION Kan17 \l 1033 ]
As supported by Szalay (2018), a person is so fortunate when he or she

has lemons in his or her life. Folic acid and vitamin C are the good sources of
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lemons. They are also rich in antioxidants, phytonutrients,
minerals, and vitamins. [ CITATION Jes18 \l 1033 ]
Based on the findings from the two studies, it was determined that lemon
has many useful substances for helping in treating one’s acne breakouts. It was
also explained that not only it can be used in resolving the acne breakouts, but it
can also be used for avoiding the quick aging of skin and improving it to look
young.
According to Jacques (2016) which was also indicated in the previous

studies of a Californian dermatologist, Annie Chiu, processed honeys, ones with
added ingredients or ones treated with chemicals or antibiotics, would not work in
treating acne because in the processing, their antibacterial and anti-inflammatory
properties are destroyed. So, it was advised that the all-natural ones must be
used, especially ones that came from organic hives. It was also advised that if
anyone will use honey as a cleanser, it was suggested to leave it on the skin for
15-20 minutes before washing it off to help anyone cure and avoid acne
occurrences. [ CITATION Ren16 \l 1033 ]
With that statement of Jacques (2016) which was also recorded in Annie
Chiu’s past studies, concerning of choosing honey, it was strongly advised to
select or pick the all-natural one, or else, this treatment won’t work on the acne
breakouts, and also for it to take effect, it was recommended to leave this honey
on the skin at least few minutes.
Also, as supported by Soni (2017), with equal amounts, honey and lemon
can brighten the skin and eliminate pimples. For fast results, anyone may apply
this mixture two times a week. [ CITATION Rim17 \l 1033 ]
Furthermore, this statement of Soni (2017) features that for this mixture to
work on every individual’s acne breakouts, honey and lemon must be used with
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equal amounts. In every desired amount of milliliter that honey
has in a container, same will also be to the lemon’s liquid amount.
Based on the following articles, the similarity that can be identified from
the authors is that all of them claim that using honey-lemon mixture as a facial
cleanser will be effective in reducing the acne breakouts. However, the difference
that can only be identified in their articles is their procedures in applying the
product on the skin, because some of the authors suggested that it must be
applied for a few minutes while the other one stated that it must be applied for
15-20 minutes for it to become effective.
B. Synthesis
If anybody never thought about making own homemade facial cleanser, it

must be seriously considered. Commercial cleansers are packed full of
unnecessary and sometimes harmful ingredients that can irritate and dry out the
skin. Even worse, some of the stores bought cleansers which contain chemicals
which are not beneficial to the skin. That is why the researchers recommend
making the own skin care products. This homemade facial cleanser with honey
and lemon juice works on many different skin types including oily, acne prone,
dry, and aging skin. Raw, organic honey has incredible healing abilities and can
cure even the most stubborn of acne if used on a regular basis. Honey is also a
natural anti-septic and able to cure other skin ailments such as rosacea,
blackheads, whiteheads, and dark spots. On top of all of that, honey is also a
natural moisturizer so those with dry skin can benefit from this immensely.
Lemon juice acts as natural cleanser and toner. Because of its acidic properties
and natural bleaching agent, lemon juice can erase blackheads, dark spots, and
skin stains. Anyone can use this facial cleanser every day, or it can be also
applied as a mask 2-3 times a week in order to see results.
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In connection to the articles, according to the “honey-
lemon-based facial cleanser theory” formulated by the researchers, this points
out that this product or facial cleanser will be effective in reducing acne breakouts
and also in moisturizing the facial skin effectively, balancing its drying effect.
C. Conceptual Framework
FIGURE 1
IPO DIAGRAM
PROCESS
Fig.1. shows the IPO diagram for this research study

OUTPUT
Based on the diagram, the researchers had conducted the study in order
to know if the honey-lemon-based facial cleanser is effective in resolving the
acne breakouts of the selected grade 12 STEM students of Philippine Christian
University – Dasmariñas Campus. However, there are some variables that
should be considered such as the different kinds of skin types they have. More
so, to acquire the result, the researchers used some statistical treatments such
as weighted mean and ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) and some experimentation
to the respondents that has different kinds of skin types and skin condition. For it
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to be safe, the researchers read and watched some articles and
videos that were published, featuring some professional dermatologist if it can
harm our respondents. Also, the researchers hypothesized that the Honey
Lemon facial Cleanser will not be effective in treating the acne breakouts of the
selected grade 12 STEM students of PCU Dasmariñas.
D. Hypothesis of the Study
The researchers of this study present these assumptions that had been
created from the scheme of the research questions and by the parts of the
Chapter 4, it will be tested using statistical tools but will not be proved since
hypotheses are just expected answers produced by the researchers’ curious and
exploratory mind.
1. Honey and lemon mixture as a facial cleanser is not effective in

resolving the acne breakouts of selected grade 12 STEM students
of PCU Dasmariñas.
2. There is no significant effect in using honey lemon based as facial
cleanser in resolving the acne breakouts of selected STEM 12
students of Philippine Christian University – Dasmariñas Campus.
E. Definition of Terms
These following terms have been chosen by the researchers themselves and
define them accordingly to the context of the research study since these words
have a big role in stating the research purpose, problems and even typologies.
1. Acne Breakouts – This word refers to the facial problem many
teenagers, especially the Grade 12 SHS STEM students of PCU –
Dasmariñas Campus, are facing that affects their self-confidence and
self-esteem. With that, this word becomes the dependent variable or
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the main target of the study which will be studied in the
entire research process if it takes several effects from the Honey-
Lemon-Based Facial Cleanser.
2. Honey-Lemon-Based Facial Cleanser – This facial cleanser that the
researchers will use is an all-natural one that will only use honey and
lemon mixture, which have antibacterial properties that can help in
resolving acne breakouts. In researchers’ point of view, this is one of
the fundamental terms for their research since this is their
independent variable, the variable that concerns them regarding how
it will be studied and its causality to the acne breakouts.
3. PCU – Dasmariñas Campus – This academic Christian institution
which is the front runner of values of Faith, Character and Service will
be the locale of this research study, in which, here, all the research
process will take place.
4. Selected Grade 12 SHS – STEM students – The Senior High School
Students that belong to the Science and Technology, Engineering and
Mathematics strand of PCU – Dasmariñas, Cavite Campus will be the
respondents for the research study. They are the ones that will help
the researchers to acquire primary and quantitative data.
5. Effectiveness – This word is used to indicate that one variable takes
something from a particular variable and that is the goal of the
researchers all throughout the research study. This is also used by the
researchers to determine how effective and successful their product
will be in resolving the acne breakouts.
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CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
In order to gather the data that can support the idea that the researchers
need in their study and lead to sufficient findings, they have considered these
methodological aspects in order for them to accumulate good data results.
A. Research Design
This research aims to know the relationship or effectiveness of honey-
lemon-based facial cleanser towards the acne breakouts of the selected grade
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12 STEM students of Philippine Christian University –
Dasmariñas Campus.
With that aspect, this type of research study that the researchers
conducted was a quantitative research. Moreover, the researchers also used the
experimental research method which will use products with the aid of
experimentation in order to formulate a research study, and that is why this
research method is also called a product-based method. Though, they have
asked ideas from the experimental evaluators or observers, it will not be the final
process that they will consider, since they will analyze and treat those responses
using statistical processes in order to formulate comprehensive hypothesis and
results.
B. Research Locale
The research study has taken place in Philippine Christian University –
Dasmariñas Campus, which is located at Sampaloc I, Dasmariñas City, Cavite.
This institution is the first Christian University in the Philippines, and has
practiced and inculcated, three principles: Faith, Character and Service.
Moreover, this is the locus of the study because the researchers and the
experiment evaluators are currently enrolled as SHS-STEM 12 students for
Academic Year, 2018 – 2019.
C. Sample and Sampling Techniques Used

Critical Sampling was the research sampling technique used in conducting
this experimental research study. This sampling technique would majorly be used
in this experimental study due to the reason that there were no respondents
needed in this study, instead, only the term “evaluator/s” or “observer/s” will be
commonly used throughout this research study. Furthermore, results will be
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based on trials and observations here. Additionally, those
selected evaluators or observers of this experimental research study were the
Grade 12 Senior High School students of Science, Technology, Engineering, and
Mathematics (STEM) strand who studied in Philippine Christian University –
Dasmariñas Campus, which was also covered in the Academic Year 2018-2019.
D. Instrumentation
The researchers tried out different tests to create a comparative analysis
that would compare the effectiveness of honey and lemon when tested as a
facial cleanser for resolving the acne breakouts. The instrument contains the
different trials made which is demonstrated through percentage, in which 0% is
the lowest and 100% is the highest. There were four samples formed considering
the first one had an equal amount while the second, third, and the fourth ones
had a dissimilar amount of concentration of honey and lemon.
FIGURE 2
INSTRUMENTATION TRIALS
Trial 1
EVALUATOR HONEY LEMON RATIO MEASUREMENTS

John Benedict 30 mL Honey
50% 50% 1:1 30 mL Lemon
Tugano
Trial 2
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Genny 45 mL Honey
75% 25% 3:1 15 mL Lemon
Rose Cornita
Trial 3
Dimple Anne 48 mL Honey

80% 20% 4:1
Castillo 12 mL Lemon
Trial 4
24 mL Honey
Apaul Jane Barcena 40% 60% 2:3
36 mL Lemon
Fig. 2 shows the evaluators/observers of this study & the amount of honey and
lemon mixture per trial (in each product container)
E. DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE
To make sure that the data will be parallel from the research design, the
researchers got evaluators for their experiment from the STEM 12 Senior High
School students of Philippine Christian University – Dasmariñas Campus, and for
them to obtain information from the evaluators regarding the effectiveness of
their product, they used criteria/rubrics as the basis of their research study
experiment. Additionally, aside from experimentation, the researchers also used
techniques such as observation and documentation to make their research study
more accurate. However, for them to avoid the manipulation of the results they
also applied the aid of the images or pictures of the evaluators who were
involved in this study concerning their facial status while using the product.
Moreover, in taking picture shots, the researchers required them to take the
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“before and after” images to determine how effective is the
honey-lemon-based facial cleanser in resolving the acne breakouts.
F. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF DATA

To have an appropriate analysis of data in this quantitative study, the
researchers used statistical treatment which answers the problems in this study.
Since, they had used experimentation, they will use Analysis on Variance
(ANOVA) or the F – test in getting the result. This statistical treatment is a
specialized type of analysis because the differences will be based on the results
from the several group, it is used in identifying significant differences among the
value of the attempts.
MSb
F=
MSw
Where:
MSb = Mean Square Between
MSw = Mean Square Within
To get the MSb and MSw:
SSb( ∑ of Square Between)

MSb=
DfB( Degrees of Freedom Between)
SSw( ∑ of SquareWithin)
MSw=
DfW ( Degrees of Freedom Within)
dfB = K -1
K = Number of Groups
dfW= NTotal - K
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Additionally, the researchers had used rating scales as a
measuring aspect for the criteria/rubrics, and this is the reason why they will also
use weighted mean. A weighted mean is a kind of average. Therefore, it will be
used to know the average of each rating in every trials’ criteria.
Formula :
X́ =
∑ fx
n
Where :
∑= summation symbol
f = frequency for each given scale
x = value of each scale
n = number of frequency
Finally, hypothesis testing would be also used in this study with its stated
statistical treatments, as the researchers aim to refuse the null hypothesis,
leaving the alternative to be accepted, fulfilling the research.
Hypothesis testing for ANOVA:
 Step 1. Set up hypotheses and determine level of significance
H0: μ1 = μ2 = μ3 H1: Means are not all equal α=0.05
 Step 2. Select the appropriate test statistic.
The test statistic is the F statistic for ANOVA, F=MSB/MSE.
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 Step 3. Set up decision rule.
In order to determine the critical value of F we need degrees of freedom,

df1=k-1 and df2=N-k.
Reject H0 if F > Critical F-Value
CHAPTER 4
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
This chapter features the results’ analysis as well as the essential

conclusions aided by statistical treatments. It presents the important aspect of
the results that are carefully explained. Likewise, these results construct the
entire importance of the research paper.
Table 4.1
Description of the Trials
Honey-Lemon-Based Facial Cleanser Description of Trials
Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4

1:1 (where 3:1 (where 4:1 (where 2:3 (where
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Honey > Honey > Honey <

Honey is = to
Lemon) Lemon) Lemon)
Lemon)
Measurement Measurement Measurement

Measurement
Equivalent: Equivalent: Equivalent:
Equivalent:
45 mL (75%) 48 mL (80%) 24 mL (40%)
30 mL (50%)
Honey Honey Honey
Honey
15 mL (25%) 12 mL (20%) 36 mL(60%)
30 mL (50%)
Lemon Lemon Lemon
Lemon
Table 4.1 shows the description of the conducted trials
The table above shows each trial’s measurement that the researchers
used to obtain the data required to answer substantially the research problems
and to test the null hypothesis. The researchers used different ratios of honey-
lemon-based facial cleanser product that will be tested and observed by the
chosen observers of the research study. In every ratio of honey and lemon, there
were also different desired amount and percentage of millilitres of them inside
each container. In trial one, there would be equal amounts of honey & lemon
inside its container. In the 2nd and 3rd trials, the amounts of honey and lemon per
container is almost the same, but in the 3rd one, honey and lemon has a very
slight higher amount than the 2 nd one. Moreover, in trials 2 and 3, researchers
wanted to figure out if there would be differences in the effectiveness of the
product even though their contents almost contain the same values but with
slight changes or addition. However, in the fourth trial, the amount of lemon is
higher than honey. This is to see what is more effective: Honey=Lemon,
Honey>Lemon or Honey<Lemon.
Table 4.2
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Results of the Experimental Trials

∑x1= 55 ∑x2= 61 ∑x3= 64 ∑x4= 41
∑(x1)2= 759 ∑(x2)2= 931 ∑(x3)2= 1,030 ∑(x4)2= 425
Table 4.2 shows the results of experimental trials
Based on the trials, each criterion’s aspect has a huge improvement for
the experiment that shows relatedness. Among the trials, the 3 rd one shows that
with greater amounts of honey than lemon, it can really help in resolving the acne
breakouts. Moreover, it somehow relates to the viewpoint of Bandyopadhya
(2018) regarding the use of honey. He said that honey was really proven as
effective in treating acne breakouts. Trial 2, in which honey has also the greater
amount, almost got the same status as Trial 3 but with slight differences. In the
1st trial, though it got values lower than those of Trials 2 and 3, based on the
response of the main observer, it could still be considered as effective. Hence, it
still supports the statement of Soni (2017), in which it was stated that with equal
amounts honey and lemon can work in resolving the acne breakouts. However,
the 4th one got the lowest rating of all, in which it contains more lemon (that
contains citric acid) than honey. Therefore, it was concluded that the more honey
than lemon the product has, the more effective it is. With lesser amounts of
honey than lemon contained in the product, the lesser is its effectiveness.
Table 4.3
Weighted Mean Results about the Effectiveness of Honey-Lemon-Based

Facial Cleanser and Weighted Mean Rankings
Ranking Criteria Weighted Mean

#4 Drying Effect on the Pimples 3 (Slightly Effective)
#2 Smoothening Ability on Facial 3.625 or 4 (Effective)
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Skin
#1 Moisturizing Effect on the Skin 3.75 or 4 (Effective)
#3 Reduction of Acne Breakouts 3.4375 or 3 (Slightly Effective)
Table 4.3 shows the weighted mean results and ranking of each trial’s criterion
All of the four criteria are falling on the level of “slightly effective” to
“effective” status. They are admitting that the use of honey-lemon mixture as a
facial cleanser is effective, considering its moistening ability as an outstanding
criterion based on the rating, and second to it is its ability to smoothen the skin.
As supported by Brunson (2015) and Kothari (2017), honey-lemon mixture really
is effective in moisturizing and making the skin smooth. However, two of the
criteria fall under the category of “slightly effective”: its pimple-drying property
and its ability of reducing acne breakouts. In connection to the related studies,
Brunson (2015) mentioned that honey-lemon mixture can dry up pimples, which
can surely help in resolving the acne breakouts of the teenagers. On the other
side, in the reduction of acne breakouts, according to Bandyopadhya (2018) and
Brunson (2015), they both claimed that honey-lemon mixture is effective in
treating one’s acne breakouts. Although this criterion fell under the “slightly
effective” category, it still can be considered as effective.
Table 4.4
Overall Weighted Mean Results of Honey-Lemon-Based Facial Cleanser
Overall Weighted Mean 3.50 or 4 (Effective)

Table 4.4 shows the overall weighted mean results of the criteria
Based on the total results shown in the table above, “honey-lemon-based

facial cleanser’s” effectiveness fell into the category of being “effective” although
its overall result, 3.50, is in-between the categories of “slightly effective” and
“effective.” So, as to support this result, Bandyopadhya (2018) confirmed that this
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honey-lemon mixture is effective and recommended for facial
use, especially for helping in resolving acne breakouts.
Table 4.5
ANOVA (Analysis of Variance or F-Test)

∑x1= 55 ∑x2= 61 ∑x3= 64 ∑x4= 41
∑(x1)2= 759 ∑(x2)2= 931 ∑(x3)2= 1,030 ∑(x4)2= 425
F= 21.94736842 (or) 21.95
Table 4.5 shows the ANOVA results of the trials made
As noticed, there is an improvement taken from each trial that shows that
honey-lemon facial cleanser can be an alternative skin-care product for reducing
acne breakouts. Likewise, there is a fair to almost good improvement considering
necessary transitions and protocols that give the aspect of difference.
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CHAPTER 5
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION
This area deals with the important ideas that had been encountered in the
entire research study. Furthermore, these ideas are considered into new
expressive situations for research purposes in the future. By means of that, the
results have been determined during the preceding chapter and will be absolutely
explained with this stance.
Summary
Acne breakout is one of the major problems that bothers and occurs in many
of the teenagers, especially at the point when they had reached their puberty
stage. During this stage of their life, many of them lose self-confidence and self-
esteem because they feel that they look ugly for themselves. Therefore, with that
problem, the researchers decided and desired to make an all-natural product to
help the teenagers resolve their problem, rather than using a facial product that
contains chemicals, which could not be suitable on their skin and can harm their
good-looking facial skin. The all-natural product that they had made is the
“Honey-Lemon-Based Facial Cleanser,” which contains many beneficial
ingredients for the skin like vitamin C and some antioxidants. With this, the
researchers had tried to determine if this facial product would be effective in
reducing the acne breakouts. Furthermore, the researchers conducted the study
for the benefit of the teenage students concerning the honey-lemon facial
cleanser, especially to those who were in the STEM 12 level who were always in
the zone of pressure because of their academic study in scientific, mathematical,
and engineering field. This workload pressure can be a key-point for them in
having a high possibility to have an acne breakout due to the “stress” that they
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always encounter. However, the coverage in this study would be
only for the STEM 12 students, and would not include the faculty members and
students from other levels and strands. Additionally, the main product and the
ingredients that researchers would use would only be honey and lemon, and they
would not use other alternatives like calamansi. According to the studies made
by other researchers or authors, this honey-lemon mixture as facial cleanser
would be effective in treating the acne breakouts which can’t harm the users due
to its naturalness unlike other commercial cleansers. Because of these past
studies, the researchers of this study were greatly encouraged to continue their
research experiment in determining their product’s effectiveness. Therefore, in
making their experimental research or a product-based research, they used the
following procedures like experimentation, observation, and by documentation or
by having a picture taking for denoting every improvement in the facial skin while
using their product. Hence, the researchers used the “critical sampling technique”
due to trials and observations that were made. To support their assumptions,
those students who were in STEM 12 senior high strand of PCU Dasmariñas,
A.Y. 2018-2019, were selected as observers and evaluators of this research
study. Afterwards, based on the overall responses made by the selected
observers and evaluators of this experiment, the researchers have found out that
their product was an “effective” one, considering its “moisturizing ability” as an
outstanding property of their product based on the different trials made.
Table 5.1
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Summary of the Findings
Statistical Treatment Result

ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) 21.94736842 (or) 21.95
Weighted Mean
a. Drying Effect on the a. 3 (Slightly Effective)
Pimples b. 3.625 or 4 (Effective)
b. Skin-Smoothening c. 3.75 or 4 (Effective)
Ability on Facial Skin d. 3.4375 or 3 (Slightly
c. Moisturizing Effect on Effective)
the Skin Overall Weighted Mean =
d. Reduction of Acne 3.50 or 4 (Effective)
Breakouts
Table 5.1 shows the different statistical results used
The table above indicates the ANOVA and weighted mean statistical
treatments that were used in the experimental study, together with their results.
The result of ANOVA indicated in the table above will figure out if the hypothesis
that the researchers of this study assumed will be accepted or rejected and it will
also help to find out if there will be significant difference between trials they have
conducted. On the other hand, the weighted mean results shown in the table will
determine the effectiveness of the honey-lemon facial cleanser product based on
the results of the 4 criteria used.
Table 5.2
Result of the Hypothesis
Statistical Treatment Result Description

ANOVA 21.95 > 3.4903 Reject Ho
Table 5.2 shows the Hypothesis Results and Decision
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Upon the data analysis, there’s a significant difference
between each trials conducted since there is a significant variation on the
observations and responses for each given conditions. With this ANOVA value, it
indicates the rejection of the null hypothesis, thus, making the alternative
hypothesis to be accepted. With those results, the effectiveness value is
thoroughly observed.
Conclusion
These were the conclusion statements made by the researchers regarding

the results of their study. In this section, they would identify the gaps of their
study. Moreover, they would also answer the questions they have made in their
statement of the purpose from the previous chapters of their research study.
The researchers had found out that:
1. Honey-lemon mixture is effective as a facial cleanser in resolving the acne

breakouts of the selected STEM 12 students of PCU – Dasma Campus
based on the data gathered from the evaluators/observers,
2. As predicted by the ANOVA results, there is a significant difference
between each conducted trials of honey-lemon-based facial cleanser,
especially in terms of product’s effectiveness in resolving the acne
breakouts of the selected observers of the study.
3. Honey and lemon mixture really helps in moisturizing the skin of the
selected STEM 12 students of PCU – Dasma Campus, which was merely
based on the criteria responses,
4. Based on the criteria responses, honey-lemon-based facial cleanser can
make the skin of the selected PCU Dasmariñas STEM 12 observers
smooth.
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5. According to the experiences of the selected observers of
this study, honey and lemon mixture as a facial cleanser is somehow
suitable for their skin.
6. The researchers lacked some time for conducting their research
experiment, and that is why they came up having a “slightly effective”
rating in some of their product’s criteria result.
7. Research experiment was not given that much attention or focus, that’s
why they cannot give credible evidences.
8. There’s lack of readiness considering the preparation of containers for
honey-lemon mixtures.
Recommendation
New research gaps had been determined. The researchers found out the
possible ideas that can help to the future study of the future researchers, and
some of them were in the following:
1. Having Further Research – For the sake of the future researchers, the
researchers of this study suggested them to watch and read more articles
about the chosen topic.
2. Seeking for Professional Help – New researchers are recommended to
go to the professionals and ask for their assistance or help regarding of
having this or such kind of topic/study.
3. Having Proactivity – For the success of the experimental research, if the
future researchers will conduct a research experiment like this, they must
conduct it as early as possible; not waiting for the near-deadline date.
4. Being Conservative – For the new researchers, it was strictly advised for
them to be watchful on their research study, so as to prevent further
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manipulation of results, and credible evidences will be
surely given.
5. Being Always Ready – New Researchers must always be ready
regarding their experimentation, especially in the preparation of the
materials that they will be using.
6. Being Time Efficient – For the new researchers, to have a high
probability of success regarding their experimental research study, more
time of experiment must be allotted in their study, so that more evidences
of reduction of acne breakouts can surely and possibly be seen. Time is
gold; therefore, time must not be wasted.
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APPENDICES
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APPENDIX 1
VALIDATION LETTER
Ms. Carmela B. Ramelo

Subject Teacher
Research Project
Dear Ma’am:
We, the 5th group of STEM 12 K-Persia researchers, are currently conducting a
research study with a title “The Effectiveness of Honey-Lemon-Based Mixture as Facial
Cleanser in Resolving the Acne Breakouts of the Selected Grade 12 STEM Students of
Philippine Christian University, Dasmariñas Campus, A.Y. 2018-2019”. Due to that
aspect, we, the researchers, are asking your consent to verify our research instruments
before we make our data gathering for us to be able to answer the data’s accuracy to be
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obtained through your expert knowledge and careful examination. We
can put our research limited to its required protocols.
Included with this document is our instrument for your reference. We hope for your
kind consideration and good service. Thank you very much, and God bless!
Respectfully,
Jesus Laurente Jennissis San Pedro John Benedict Z. Tugano Isaac N. Tuliao
John Michael Turla Dimple Anne Castillo Genny Rose Cornita Dina Kalinisan
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APPENDIX 2
CRITERIA
To Whom It May Concern:
A blessed day to all of us especially from our LORD Jesus Christ! We, the
th
5 group of STEM 12 K – Persia researchers are conducting a research entitled
“The Effectiveness of Honey-Lemon-Based Facial Cleanser in Resolving the
Acne Breakouts of the Selected Grade 12 STEM Students of Philippines
Christian University – Dasmariñas Campus, School Year 2018-2019”, and we are
asking for your consent to participate in our experimental research study.
Moreover, the data that will be gathered from you will be kept confidential for
your own safety. Thank you very much for your kind support, and may the LORD
GOD Almighty bless you more!
Name: ________________________ Strand & Section: _________________
Gender & Age: _________________ Ratio of the Mixture Used: _________
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DIRECTIONS: Evaluate the effectiveness of honey-lemon-based facial cleanser in
resolving the acne breakouts by placing a on the category you have chosen.
TABLE 1: DRYING OF THE PIMPLES USING HONEY-LEMON-BASED

FACIAL CLEANSER
Only RATING REMARKS

5 Very Effective
4 Effective
3 Slightly Effective
2 Crucial to be Considered as Effective
1 Ineffective
TABLE 2: HONEY-LEMON-BASED FACIAL CLEANSER’S SKIN-

SMOOTHENING ABILITY
Only RATING REMARKS

5 Very Effective
4 Effective
1 Ineffective
TABLE 3: MOISTURIZING ABILITY OF HONEY-LEMON-BASED FACIAL

CLEANSER
Only RATING REMARKS

5 Very Effective
4 Effective
1 Ineffective
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TABLE 4: EFFECTIVENESS OF HONEY-LEMON-BASED
FACIAL CLEANSER IN REDUCING ACNE BREAKOUTS
Only RATING REMARKS

5 Very Effective
4 Effective
1 Ineffective
Evaluator’s Comments or Feedbacks regarding his/her experience while using

this product mixture:
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
APPENDIX 3
CURRICULUM VITAE
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Name: Castillo, Dimple Anne G.
Address: Ph.3, Blk.18, Lt.4, Brgy. Yakal, Silang,

Cavite
Contact No.: 09996854652
Age: 18
Gender: Female
Date of Birth: October 11, 2000
Strand & Section: STEM 12 K - Persia
Recognition: Perfect Attendance, Best in Filipino - JHS
Name: Cornita, Genny Rose J.
Address: Ph.12, Blk.102, Lt.52, Pascam 2,
Wellington’s Place, Gen. Trias, Cavite
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Contact No.: 09124102546
Age: 18
Gender: Female
Date of Birth: August 3, 2000
Recognition: Perfect Attendance, With Honors (Top 5) – Secondary Level
Name: Kalinisan, Dina Kruzzeth D.
Address: 164 Tubuan 2, Silang, Cavite
Contact No.: 09750986950
Age: 18
Gender: Female
Date of Birth: November 21, 2000
Recognition: Best in Health – Grade 8
Name: Laurente, Jesus D.
Address: Blk.7, Lt.48, Ph.4, Langkaan 2,

Dasmariñas, Cavite
Contact No.: None
Age: 19
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Gender: Male
Date of Birth: November 10, 1999
Recognition: None
Name: San Pedro, Jennissis Ian C.
Address: Ph.1, Blk.6, Lt.24, Sunrise Hills, Brgy.

Sabang, Dasmariñas, Cavite
Contact No.: 09325990286
Age: 18
Gender: Male
Date of Birth: May 25, 2001
Recognition: None
Name: Tugano, John Benedict Z.
Address: Blk. 48A, Lt. 37, Crystal Aire,
Brgy. San Francisco, Gen. Trias, Cavite
Contact No.: 09754550818
Age: 18
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Gender: Male
Date of Birth: December 3, 2000
Section: STEM 12 K - Persia
Recognition: With Honors – Grade 3 to Grade 11
Name: Tuliao, Isaac N.
Address: Sitio Alangilan, Pascam, Gen. Trias,

Cavite
Contact No.: 09276012284
Age: 18
Gender: Male
Date of Birth: January 28, 2001
Recognition: With Honors (Top 1) – Primary Level
Name: Turla, John Michael R.
Address: Blk.9, Lt.29, Brazil St., San Marino

Subdivision, Salawag
Contact No.: None
Age: 18
Gender: Male
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Date of Birth: April 17, 2001
Recognition: None
APPENDIX 4
DOCUMENTATION
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Experiment Documentations (Proofs) – Honey-Lemon-Based Facial Cleanser
TRIAL 1 (1:1 where “Honey = Lemon”) – USER/OBSERVER: Tugano
Day 1
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Day 2 Day 3
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Day 4 Day 5
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Day 6 Day 7
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TRIAL 2 (3:1 where “Honey > Lemon”) – USER/OBSERVER: Cornita
Day 1
After a Week
TRIAL 3 (4:1 where “Honey > Lemon”) – USER/OBSERVER: Castillo, D.
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Day 1 Day 2
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Day 3 Day 4
TRIAL 4 (2:3 where “Lemon > Honey”) – USER/OBSERVER: Barcena
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Day 1 Day 2 Day 3
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Day 4 Day 5 Day 6
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APPENDIX 5
PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PROPOSAL
Product Development Proposal
I. Rationale
This experimental research is about acne, one of the problems that

millenials, especially teenagers, are facing, and now the researchers
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are going to create a natural facial cleanser to resolve
it. In this generation, many experts created chemical-based facial
products which may be harmful to the faces of people. Because of this
experimental research, it can be verified that people can also use
natural remedies like what researchers have now, instead of using
facial products with harmful chemicals.
In this investigation, the researchers explore the factors or causes
of acne, and the possible solutions to it, such as honey and lemon.
Honey contains several vitamins and minerals with anti-bacterial
substance that can help fade acne spots, and also acts as skin
bleacher and moisturizer, while lemon is full of vitamins, minerals,
phytonutrients and antioxidants, with drying properties that can help to
dry the acne. Not only they can resolve the acne breakouts, but they
also have anti-aging properties which can make students’ skin young &
fair and can help them boost their confidence.
Furthermore, this research study will examine the effectiveness of
honey-lemon mixtures using different ratios: 1:1 (which contains same
amounts of pure honey and lemon), 3:1 (which contains 75% honey
and 25% lemon), 4:1 (which contains 80% honey and 20% lemon), and
2:3 (which contains 40% honey and 60% lemon).
II. Target Product

Honey-Lemon-Based Facial Cleanser
III. Initial Structure
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1:1 3:1 4:1 2:3

(1st Image credit: Aliexpress.com – Leanhu Packaging)
IV. Materials
 Pure/Raw Honey – ones without chemical/harmful ingredients.
 Lemon Extracts – liquid substance from lemon with citric acid
that will be mixed with honey.
 Juicer – equipment that the researchers will use for extracting
the juice from lemon.
 Measuring Cup – a material that the researchers will use to
measure the amount of mixture of honey and lemon that will be
put inside the small container/bottle.
 Knife – one that will be used for slicing lemons.
 Blender/Mixer – one that will be used to combine the liquids of
pure honey bee and lemon extract.
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V. Procedures
1. Lemons will be sliced up to gather their citric acid juice easily with
the juicer. A juicer can be used to extract their juice quickly,
however, this can be done manually but it will surely take some
time;
2. The lemon extracts will be placed inside a different container;
3. The desired amount of pure honey will be poured out in small
containers as well as they squeezed the lemon to get the juice.
(There will be four small containers that will be used in the
experiment: one will contain 1:1 ratio or equal amount of honey and
lemon, while the other ones will have a 3:1 ratio which consists of
75% amount of pure honey and 25% amount of lemon extract, 4:1
ratio which consists of 80% amount of pure honey and 20% amount
of lemon extract, and 2:3 ratio which consists of 40% pure honey
and 60% lemon extract);
4. The researchers will use a measuring cup to make sure that the
amounts of honey and lemon extracts that will be used which will
be put inside each small container are in correct measurement;
5. The amount of honey and lemon mixtures (1:1, 3:1, 4:1 and 2:3
ratios) will be mixed altogether in each container using
blender/mixer;
6. After mixing, each honey and lemon mixture will be put inside each
small bottle;
7. Each bottled mixtures will be tried on the willing evaluators of the
experiment. One will use 1:1 honey and lemon mixture, one will use
3:1 honey-lemon mixture, another will use 4:1 mixture, and the
other one will use a 2:3 one.
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*These are the very guidelines for using this product:
1) It must be used at night time before going to bed
(Lemon’s citric acid is more effective during night time
rather than daytime)
2) The user may wash their face first before applying the
mixture.
3) He/She must apply this facial cleanser and leave this
on his/her face for about 5-10 minutes, for him/her to
see the results quickly.
4) After that, he/she may rinse off his/her face with cold
or refrigerated water to close up the pores of the face.
Warm water can also be used but it won’t be as
effective for closing up the pores.
VI. Place of the Experiment

The experiment will take place in the residence of four of the
experiment observers from STEM 12 of PCU Dasmariñas, John
Benedict Tugano, Genny Rose Cornita, Dimple Anne Castillo, and
Apaul Jane Barcena, in General Trias and Dasmariñas, Cavite.
VII. Duration of the Research Experiment

About 1 week of research experiment.
VIII. Description of the Set –ups

The experiment set-up will be using 1:1, 3:1, 4:1 and 2:3 honey and
lemon mixture ratio, whereas, 1:1 ratio consists of the same desired
amount of pure honey that will be combined to the same desired
amount of lemon, whilst 3:1 ratio has a mixture of 75% desired amount
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of pure honey with 25% desired amount of lemon, 4:1
ratio has a mixture of 80% desired amount of pure honey with 20%
desired amount of lemon, and the 2:3 one has a mixture of 40%
amount of pure honey together with 60% amount of lemon extracts.
PRODUCT DESIGN (Image Sample)
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APPENDIX 6
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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Bibliography
American Academy of Dermatology, A. (2012). Skin conditions by the numbers. Retrieved May 5,
2019, from American Academy of Dermatology:
https://www.aad.org/media/stats/conditions/skin-conditions-by-the-numbers
Anand, A. (2013, December 2). DIY-Honey and Lemon Face Mask for Glowing & Acne Free Skin.
Retrieved October 29, 2018, from Beauty Glimpse: https://www.beautyglimpse.com/diy-honey-
lemon-face-mask-glowing-acne-free-skin/
Bandyopadhya, D. (2018, June 18). Homemade Honey And Lemon Mix For Treating Pimples.
Retrieved October 29, 2018, from Bold Sky:
https://www.boldsky.com/beauty/2018/homemade-honey-and-lemon-mix-for-treating-
pimples-123358.html
Brunson, N. (2015, December). DIY Honey Lemon Mask For Your Face. Retrieved October 29,
2018, from Urban Bush Babes: http://urbanbushbabes.com/diy-honey-lemon-mask-for-your-
face/
Colorado Springs Dermatology Clinic, P. (2015, October 23). Important Statistics to Help You
Better Understand Acne. Retrieved May 5, 2019, from Colorado Springs Dermatology Clinic, PC:
https://coloradospringsdermatologyclinic.com/info/important-statistics-to-help-you-better-
understand-acne/
Jacques, R. (2016, August 17). Here’s the Truth About Using Honey as an Acne Treatment.
Retrieved October 31, 2018, from Allure.com: https://www.allure.com/story/honey-acne-
treatment
Kothari, K. (2017, June 23). What are the Side Effects Of Lemon Juice On Face. Retrieved October
31, 2018, from Fashion Lady: https://www.fashionlady.in/what-are-the-side-effects-of-lemon-
juice-on-face/5833
Soni, R. (2017, May 25). Honey + Lemon = Clear Skin. Retrieved October 29, 2018, from
KhaleejTimes.com: https://m.khaleejtimes.com/wknd/beauty-basics/honey--lemon--clear-skin
Szalay, J. (2018, April 23). Lemons: Health Benefits & Nutrition Facts. Retrieved October 31,
2018, from LiveScience.com: https://www.livescience.com/54282-lemon-nutrition.html
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To GOD be all the glory, honour, and praise!
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Philippine Christian University

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

This study entitled “The Effectiveness of Honey-Lemon-Based Facial

MS. CARMELA B. RAMELO

Approved by the Committee on Final Oral Defense with a grade of _______

THESIS REVIEW PANEL

MS. CARMELA B. RAMELO

MR. JUSTINE MAR F. MINA

Accepted in partial fulfillment of the course requirement in the subject,

DR. MARIO S. MECATE

To Ms. Carmela B. Ramelo, who served as the researchers’ panelist

To their parents, for their never-ending support and motivation to the

LIST OF TABLES………………………………………………………… vii

LIST OF GRAPHS………………………………………………………… viii

II. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS…………………………… 20

V. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Table 1. Description of the Trials ………………........................................ 20

Table 2. Results of the Experimental Trials ............................................. 21

Table 3. Weighted Mean Results about the Effectiveness of Honey-Lemon-

Table 4. Overall Weighted Mean Results of Honey-Lemon-Based Facial

Table 5. ANOVA (Analysis of Variance or F-Test)…................................. 24

Table 6. Summary of the Findings............................................................ 27

Table 7. Result of the Hypothesis............................................................. 28

Figure 2. Selected Research Observers and Evaluators of the Experimental

Background of the Study

This experimental research is all about resolving the acne breakouts by

Subsequently, with these problems, parallel purposes have been

Statement of the Purpose

1. How effective is honey and lemon, as a facial cleanser, in resolving the

Moreover, this research study aims to determine the effectiveness of honey-

Scopes and Limitations

Significance of the Study

This research study is completed and conducted to directly or indirectly

A. Review of Related Literature and Studies

Acne breakout or simply acne is a condition in which the skin of a person’s

As supported by Szalay (2018), a person is so fortunate when he or she

According to Jacques (2016) which was also indicated in the previous

If anybody never thought about making own homemade facial cleanser, it

Fig.1. shows the IPO diagram for this research study

D. Hypothesis of the Study

1. Honey and lemon mixture as a facial cleanser is not effective in

C. Sample and Sampling Techniques Used

EVALUATOR HONEY LEMON RATIO MEASUREMENTS

EVALUATOR HONEY LEMON RATIO MEASUREMENTS

EVALUATOR HONEY LEMON RATIO MEASUREMENTS

Dimple Anne 48 mL Honey

EVALUATOR HONEY LEMON RATIO MEASUREMENTS

F. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF DATA

To get the MSb and MSw:

SSb( ∑ of Square Between)

f = frequency for each given scale

x = value of each scale

Hypothesis testing for ANOVA:

 Step 1. Set up hypotheses and determine level of significance

H0: μ1 = μ2 = μ3 H1: Means are not all equal α=0.05

 Step 2. Select the appropriate test statistic.

The test statistic is the F statistic for ANOVA, F=MSB/MSE.

In order to determine the critical value of F we need degrees of freedom,

Reject H0 if F > Critical F-Value

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

This chapter features the results’ analysis as well as the essential

Name: ________ Strand & Section: _

Gender & Age: _________ Ratio of the Mixture Used: _