INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL OF ASIA AND THE PACIFIC

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CUSTOMS ADMINISTARTION

International School of Asia and the Pacific, Alimanao Hills, Penablanca Cagayan, 3502
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CUSTOMS ACADEMIC YEAR 2018-2019
ADMINISTRATION

PONTERS FOR REVIEW

UNDERSTANDING THE SELF

CHAPTER I
THE SELF IN DIFFERENT PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE

PHILOSOPHY – the love of wisdom

 Sorcrates – Know Thyself, Man is composed of two important aspect of personhood

(Body and the Soul).

 Plato – Ideal Self and the Perfect Self Ideal state is attained, and then the human person’s
soul becomes just and virtuous
 Aristotle – The self is a blank slate (Tabularasa)

 St. Agustine - The goal of every human is to attain communion and bliss with the Divine
by living his life on earth in virtue.

 St. Thomas Aquinas - Man is composed of two parts. Matter and Form. What makes
human a human is because of his essence.

 Rene Descartes - “I think therefore I am” Mind and Thinking – to develop himself

 David Hume: The self is the bundle Theory of the Mind - The self is just a bundle of
collection of different perceptions which succeed each other with an inconceivable
rapidity.

 Immanuel Kant: Respect for Self - Man is the only creature who governs and directs
himself and his actions. All men are persons gifted with the same basic rights and should
treat each other as equals

 John Locke: Personal Identity - Self – is a matter of psychological continuity. It may

include aspects of life that man has no control over.

 Paul Churchland- We do have an organ for understanding and recognizing moral facts.
It is called the brain.” “Mind” is deeply affected by the state of our brain.

 Gilbert Ryle: “Minds are things, but different sorts of things from bodies.”
The only way to explain how the mind works is through the behavior of the person.
 INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL OF ASIA AND THE PACIFIC
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CUSTOMS ADMINISTARTION
International School of Asia and the Pacific, Alimanao Hills, Penablanca Cagayan, 3502
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CUSTOMS ACADEMIC YEAR 2018-2019
ADMINISTRATION
 Maurice Merleau-Ponty- Self is all about one’s perception of one’s experience and the
interpretation of those experiences

 Sigmund Freud: Classical Psychoanalysis - “The ego is not master in its own house”

CHAPTER II
THE SELF AS A SOCIAL CONSTRUCT

ANTHROPOLOGY - Is the study of human race, its culture and society, and its physical
development. Deals on the origin of humanity and the development of its society and culture.

SOCIOLOGY - The scientific study of human life, social groups, while societies and the human
world whose subject matter is our own behaviour as social beings in relationship with many
other people (Giddens, A. & Sutton, P.W.,2016).

CULTURE - Culture is a complex whole which includes knowledge, beliefs, arts, morals, laws,
customs, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by a human as a member of the society. –
Edward B. Tylor
Culture sets the cultural standards of our community.
NORMS – dictates our behavior in the society.
Culture is made up of all the ideas, beliefs, behaviors, and products common to defining a
group’s way of life (Stolley, 2005).

ANTHROPOLOGY
-Understanding man in its cultural context.
SOCIOLOGY
-Digs into understanding the self in reference to the behaviour of the society.

Material Culture
Consist of human technology – all the things that people make and use
It changes from time to time. The fluidity of the culture can be ascribed to mans’ distinct ability
to create, transform, and re-create culture itself.

Non – Material Culture

-inclusive of the intangible human creations that include, beliefs, values, norms, and symbols.
-non-material culture helps in shaping our perspective of the society, of ourselves and even of the
material world.
 INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL OF ASIA AND THE PACIFIC
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CUSTOMS ADMINISTARTION
International School of Asia and the Pacific, Alimanao Hills, Penablanca Cagayan, 3502
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CUSTOMS ACADEMIC YEAR 2018-2019
ADMINISTRATION
-material culture changes overtime, non-material culture may or may not change depending on
outside factors in the society.

The “I” and the “ME”

(George Herbert Mead)
 Our understanding of the Self is drawn from Symbolic Interaction Theory.
 The self is the individual viewed as both the source and the object of reflexive behavior.
– The self is both active (the source that initiates reflexive behavior) and passive
(the object toward whom reflexive behavior is directed).

 Phases of the Self: “I” and “me”

 “I” (the self in action or as subject)
- The “I” is the knower
- The “I” is the response of an individual to the attitudes of others
- The “I” is the individual’s impulses
- Non-reflective
- Part of the self that produces individuality

 Me” (self as object).

- The “me” is the known
- The “me” is the organized set of attitudes of others which an individual assumes.
- The “me” is the accumulated understanding of the “generalized other,” i.e. how one
thinks one’s group perceives oneself.
- A product of interaction and conscious reflection
- We know the “I” only through the “me”

The Generalized Other:

- Mead’s term referring to a conception of the attitudes and expectations held in common by the
members of the organized groups with whom they interact.

- Stages in the Development of Self

- Mead (1934) identified sequential stages leading to the emergence of the self in children.

- The Play Stage

 INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL OF ASIA AND THE PACIFIC
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CUSTOMS ADMINISTARTION
International School of Asia and the Pacific, Alimanao Hills, Penablanca Cagayan, 3502
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CUSTOMS ACADEMIC YEAR 2018-2019
ADMINISTRATION
- Young children imitate the activities of people around them.

- Role taking involves imitating the mail carrier, the doctor, the father, etc.

- The Game Stage

- Young children imitate the activities of people around them.

- Role taking involves imitating the mail carrier, the doctor, the father, etc.

- This stage occurs when children enter organized activities such as complex games of
house, school, and team sports.

- Now, role taking requires children to imagine the viewpoints of several others at the
same time.

REVIEW WELL!!!

JOHN CARLO F. SUYU

Teacher, Understanding the Self