NAME:_____________________________ SECTION:_________________

I. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Write your answer before the number.

THE FORMATION OF THE UNIVERSE AND THE EARTH

Biology Physics Astronomy Cosmology Oceanography
Chemistry Geology Earth Science Meteorology Science

1. Is a comprehensive term used for all sciences related to earth geology, meteorology, oceanography etc.
2. Science that deals with structures, functions and relationships of living things and their environment.
3. Is the branch of science that studies the origin, evolution and fate of the universe.
4. Deals with the physical structure and substance of the Earth, their history, and processes which act on
them.
5. Branch of science which deals on the processes and phenomena of the atmosphere, especially as a means
of forecasting the weather
6. Branch of science that deals with the celestial objects, space and the physical universe as a whole.
7. Also known as geoscience
8. Means study of life
9. The branch of science that deals with the physical and biological properties and phenomena of the sea.
10.The intellectual and practical activity encompassing the systematic study of the structure and behaviour
of the physical and natural world through observation and experiment

THEORIES ON THE ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSE

Genesis Nucleosynthesis Big Bang Theory Big Crunch
Rigveda Singularity Oscillating Universe Theory Steady State Theory

1. An infinitely tiny and dense area predicted to be in the core of a black hole.
2. The most accepted theory about the origin of the universe
3. Is the formation of elements
4. Proposed by Bondi, Gold, and Hoyle
5. Occurs when the universe expands and eventually reverses, then collapses causing a singularity or the
formation of another Big Bang.
6. States that the universe started as a singularity that continuously expands and cools down
7. Proponent: Lemaitre
8. It suggests that the universe has always been there and will always be present.
9. Also referred to as the Pulsating Theory
10.Combination of the Big Bang and the Big Crunch.
11.Proposed by Tolman
12.Density of galaxies falls as universe expands.
13.Density of galaxies remains more or less constant as universe expands.
14.It states that the universe has been present ever since and therefore has no beginning and no end and has
been expanding constantly.
15.One of the books of the Hebrew bible and Christian old testament, described how god separated light
from darkness, created the sky, land, sea, moon, stars and every living creatures in a span of six days.

THE ORIGIN OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM

Solar System Nebula Protoplanet Theory Planetesimals Terrestrial Planets
Jovian Planets Nebular Theory Protoplanet Encounter Asteroids
Theory

1. Is composed of the Sun, the planets and their satellites, the comets, and the asteroids.
2. Explains that the solar system originated from the disruption of nebula by a supernova
3. Modified version of Nebular Theory
4. It was proposed by Leclerc and Buffo
5. It explains that the solar system formed as a result of a near collision between a passing star and the Sun.
 6. A gas cloud made up of hydrogen particles.
7. Planets found near the sun.
8. Planets made of gas and without land surfaces.
9. Objects made up of dust particles, which is believed to be the origin of the planets.
10.Are larger planetesimals
11.Solar system originated from disruption of nebula which led to the formation of protoplanets

LIFE ON EARTH
Goldilocks Zone Atmosphere Geosphere Hydrosphere Soil

1. Also known as Habitable Zone

2. Serves as a water reservoir, a source of fish and shellfish that we consume, a thermostat and heat
reservoir, and a way for transportation
3. Is a living medium—a medium for growth of all kinds of vegetation.
4. Protects us from the sun’s radiation. 
5. Consists of 78.1% nitrogen, 20.9% oxygen, 0.9% argon, 350 ppm carbon dioxide, and other components. 

EARTH’S FOUR SUBSYSTEM

Hydrosphere Atmosphere Biosphere Geosphere Hemisphere

1. Makes up of all the gases on Earth.

2. Refers to the solid Earth
3. Is the totality of Earth’s water including the permanently frozen parts
4. Comprised of all living things. It includes all microbes, plants, and animals.
5. Includes all the soil, rocks, and minerals present in the crust to the core of the Earth.

ROCK CYCLE
Soil Cycle Igneous Rock Rock Cycle Soil Lithification
Sedimentary Rock Metamorphic Rock Rock Protolith Minerals

1. Is a process involving the transformation and generation of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rock.
2. Involves processes that destroy, generate and transform one rock form to another.
3. Is a naturally-occurring aggregate or combination of minerals and mineraloids, such as fossils and glass
4. Are the building blocks of rocks
5. Natural building block of Earth’s lithosphere.
6. Are formed through the cooling of magma or lava
7.Accumulate in the Earth’s surface in a process called deposition.
8. Process by which these unconsolidated materials becomes solidified into rock
9. Are formed from the exposure of sedimentary or igneous rocks to high pressure, high temperature or both
within Earth’s surface.
10. The original rock prior to metamorphism, which is either be igneous rock, sedimentary rock or a
metamorphose.

CLASSIFICATION OF ROCKS
Mineralogy Texture Minerals Aphanitic Phaneritic

1. Refers to the size, shape, and arrangement of mineral grains and other constituents, which are controlled
by processes involved in the formation of rock.
2. Types of rocks that have grains too small to see or identify.
3. Types of rocks that have grains, which are big enough to see.
4. Are composed of elements such as those found in the periodic table.
5.Is the study of the chemistry of minerals, crystal structure and their physical and optical properties.

PHYSICAL PROPERTY OF MINERAL

Color Luster Specific Gravity Cleavage Hardness Streak

1. Refers to the quality of light on the surface of the rock.

2. Is caused by the absorption, or lack thereof, of visible light by their crystalline structure.
3. Is the color of the powdered mineral produced when it is dragged across an unweathered surface.
4. Is a mineral’s ability to resist scratching or abrasion.
 5. Is the tendency of a mineral to split or cleave, along planes of weakness.

EXOGENIC PROCESSES
WEATHERING
Block Oxidation Solution Biological Weathering
Disintegration Weathering
Chemical Physical Exfoliation Carbonation Frost Weathering
Weathering Weathering

1. Is the general term applied to the combined action of all physical and chemical processes that disintegrate
and decompose rocks near Earth’s surface through the elements of weather.
2. Happens whenever rocks are broken up without any change in their chemical composition.
3. Sometimes called mechanical weathering
4. Is caused by successive heating and cooling which causes the expansion and contraction of rocks.
5. Is the stripping of the outer layers of rocks due to intense heating.
6. Refers to the alternate freezing and thawing of water inside the joints of the rocks causing them to split
into small particles or fragments.
7. Is the weakening or disintegration of rocks and the formation of new compounds or new substances
caused by chemical reactions.
8. Is the process in which oxygen reacts with the rock and changes its mineral composition.
9. Is the process involving the formation of various types of carbonates in rocks.
10. Is the weathering or disintegration of rocks caused by living organisms.

MASS WASTING
Erosion Mass Wasting Slide Fall Flow

1. Refers to the downslope movement of rock, regolith and soil because of gravity.
2. It is a natural process, which follows weathering.
3. Free-fall movement of detached individual pieces of rock.
4. Occur when rock materials remain fairly coherent and move along a well-defined surface.
5. Happens when rock materials are saturated with water and move downslope as a viscous fluid.

EROSION
Soil Erosion Wind Erosion Sheet Erosion Rill Erosion Gully Erosion

1. The removal of soil at a greater rate than its replacement by natural agencies.
2. Happens when winds carry vast quantity of fine soil particles and sand away from a region, spreading it
over adjoining cultivated land and destroying their fertility.
3. Is the removal of the outer layers of soil because of surface runoff and rain.
4. Is the removal of soil by the action of concentrated running water.
5. Is the removal of soil in water channels or drainage lines

II. ENUMERATION

Theories About the Origin of the Universe Layers of the Atmosphere

1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.

Theories about the Origin of the Solar System Layers of the Geosphere
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.

Terrestrial Planets Types of Weathering

1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4.

Jovian Planets Types of Mass Wasting

1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4.

Earth Subsytems Types of Soil Erosion

1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4.