CE 304 - Concrete Design

IIT Gandhinagar

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Preliminary Survey
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Date of submission:-- 13/1/2020

Instructor: Group Members:

Prof. Dhiman Basu Venu Gopal (17110040)
VHP. Goutham (17110168)
Deepak meena(17110043)
Pavan meena(17110106)
Objective:- ​To identify the primary elements of the building.

Theory:- ​The primary elements of a building are

● Foundation
● Column
● Beam
● Slab
● Staircase
● Shear walls
● Elevator shaft
● Haunch
● Plinth

Foundation:-

Foundation is the load transferring component of the building. This transports load to
the soil. Foundation type will be different for structures like buildings and bridges.
Columns:-

(​a​) ​Square column​ (​b​)​ ​Round column​ (c)​ Rectangular column

Columns are the vertical members which carry loads from the beams and upper
columns. These mostly undergo axial compression. Failure of one column may lead to
collapse of the building also.
Beams:-
Beams mainly can be of two types
1. Primary beam (at the end)
2. Secondary beam (in between primary beams)

a. b.

c.
 a,b) ​Primary beams ​ c) ​Secondary beams

Beams transfer load from slab and masonry walls above it to the columns and shear
walls. Primary beams support on columns and secondary beams support on primary
beams. These are primarily flexural members.

Slab:-

These are plate-like structures carry vertical load mostly. These transfers load to
beams. These are resistant to higher horizontal loads.
Shear walls:- ​It is constructed to resist lateral forces. ​Shear walls are vertical elements
of the horizontal force resisting system​.
Staircase:-
It is used for the mode of transport to higher floors.
Elevator shaft:
This three wall block is used for fitting lift and these walls resist horizontal forces.

This the preliminary survey conducted by our team and we observed primary elements
of the building during this survey.