College of Arts & Sciences: Chapter/Lesson Buddhism

Virgen Milagrosa University Foundation
“The Home of God-Loving and Globally Competent Individuals”

Martin P. Posadas Avenue, San Carlos City, Pangasinan, 2420, Philippines
College of Arts & Sciences
THEO 102 Christianity and Other Religions

MODULE: 3
CHAPTER/LESSON BUDDHISM
OVERVIEW ● In this chapter/lesson, the students will be able to learn what Buddhism is all about. With
about 470 million followers, scholars consider Buddhism one of the major world religions.
Its practice has historically been most prominent in East and Southeast Asia, but its
influence is growing in the West. Many Buddhist ideas and philosophies overlap with those
of other faiths. Buddhists look within themselves for the truth and understanding of
Buddha’s teachings. This module is concern on the main features of Buddhism in terms of
origins, doctrines, practices and denominations.
LEARNING ● Be able to present the general historical background or origins of Buddhism.
COMPETENCIES: ● Be able to articulate the four noble truths and the eightfold path.
● Be able to explain the Buddhist concept of Nirvana.
● Be able to articulate the core teachings of Theravada Buddhism and Mahayana Buddhism.
Learning TOPIC Summary/Discussion Reference/s

Outcomes
1. Know the ● Buddhism is a faith that was founded by

Founder of Theo 102:
general Siddhartha Gautama (“the Buddha”) more
Buddhism, than 2,500 years ago in India. Christianity and
historical
Siddhartha ● The word Buddha means The Awakened One,
background or Other Religions
Gautama coming from the Sanskrit root budh – ‘to
origins of
wake’. He is a man who has woken fully, as if (c. Jose de Vera)
Buddhism.
from a deep sleep, to discover that suffering,
like a dream, is over. The historical Buddha Topic on
was however a man like any other, but an Buddhism.
exceptional one; what he rediscovered was a
way that anyone can walk, providing that they
are so inclined. https://www.
● Siddhartha Gautama, the founder of
Buddhism who later became known as “the patheos.
Buddha,” lived during the 5th century B.C.
com/library/
Gautama was born into a wealthy family as a
prince in present-day Nepal. Although he had Buddhism/
an easy life, Gautama was moved by suffering
beliefs/
in the world. He decided to give up his lavish
1

lifestyle and endure poverty. When this didn’t scriptures
fulfill him, he promoted the idea of the
“Middle Way,” which means existing between
two extremes. Thus, he sought a life without
social indulgences but also without
deprivation. After six years of searching, http://www.
Buddhists believe Gautama found Buddhist
enlightenment while meditating under a information.
Bodhi tree. He spent the rest of his life
teaching others about how to achieve this com/
spiritual state.
https://www.
● About 2500 years ago, a prince named History.com/
Siddhartha Gautama began to question his
sheltered, luxurious life in the palace. He left Topics/religion/
the palace and saw four sights: a sick man, an buddhism
old man, a dead man and a monk. These
sights are said to have shown him that even a
prince cannot escape illness, suffering and
death. The sight of the monk told Siddhartha
to leave his life as a prince and become a
wandering holy man, seeking the answers to
questions like “Why must people suffer?”
“What is the cause of suffering?” Siddartha
spent many years doing many religious
practices such as praying, meditating, and
fasting until he finally understood the basic
truths of life. This realization occurred after
2. Know the key sitting under a Poplar-figtree in Bodh Gaya,
beliefs shared India for many days, in deep meditation. He
among gained enlightenment, or nirvana, and was
Buddhists given the title of Buddha, which means
Enlightened One.
● Followers of Buddhism don’t acknowledge a

supreme god or deity. They instead focus on
achieving enlightenment—a state of inner
peace and wisdom. When followers reach this
spiritual echelon, they’re said to have
experienced nirvana.
2

● The religion’s founder, Buddha, is considered
an extraordinary man, but not a god. The
word Buddha means “enlightened.”
● The path to enlightenment is attained by
utilizing morality, meditation and wisdom.
Buddhists often meditate because they
believe it helps awaken truth.
● There are many philosophies and
interpretations within Buddhism, making it a
tolerant and evolving religion.
Buddhism Beliefs ● Some scholars don’t recognize Buddhism as an
organized religion, but rather, a “way of life”
or a “spiritual tradition.”
● Buddhism encourages its people to avoid self-
indulgence but also self-denial.
● Buddha’s most important teachings, known as
The Four Noble Truths, are essential to
understanding the religion.
● Buddhists embrace the concepts of karma (the
law of cause and effect) and reincarnation
(the continuous cycle of rebirth).
● Followers of Buddhism can worship in temples
3. Know the
or in their own homes.
Universal Truths, ● Buddhist monks, or bhikkhus, follow a strict
Four Noble code of conduct, which includes celibacy.
Truths, Five ● There is no single Buddhist symbol, but a
Precepts and number of images have evolved that
Eightfold Path represent Buddhist beliefs, including the lotus
flower, the eight-spoked dharma wheel, the
Bodhi tree and the swastika (an ancient
symbol whose name means “well-being” or
“good fortune” in Sanskrit).
● Three Universal Truths

1. Everything in life is impermanent and
always changing.
2. Because nothing is permanent, a life
based on possessing things or persons doesn’t
make you happy.
3

3. There is no eternal, unchanging soul
and “self” is just a collection of changing
characteristics or attributes.
● The Four Noble Truths:

The Buddha’s Four Noble Truths explore
human suffering. They may be described
(somewhat simplistically) as:
1. Dukkha: Suffering exists: (Suffering is
real and almost universal. Suffering has many
causes: loss, sickness, pain, failure, the
impermanence of pleasure.)
2. Samudaya: There is a cause for
suffering. (It is the desire to have and control
things. It can take many forms: craving of sensual
pleasures; the desire for fame; the desire to
avoid unpleasant sensations, like fear, anger or
Universal Truths, jealousy.)
Four Noble Truths,
Five Precepts and 3. Nirodha: There is an end to suffering.
(Suffering ceases with the final liberation of
Eightfold Path
Nirvana (a.k.a. Nibbana). Then. the mind
experiences complete freedom, liberation and
non-attachment. It lets go of any desire or
craving.)
4. Magga: In order to end suffering, you
must follow the Eightfold Path.
Buddha then taught people not to
worship him as a god. He said they should take
responsibility for their own lives and actions. He
taught that the Middle Way was the way to
nirvana. The Middle Way meant not leading a life
of luxury and indulgence but also not one of too
much fasting and hardship. There are eight
guides for following the Middle path.
● The Five Precepts:
These are rules to live by. They are
4

somewhat analogous to the second half of
the Ten Commandments in Judaism and
Christianity - that part of the Decalogue which
describes behaviors to avoid. However, they are
recommendations, not commandments.
Believers are expected to use their own
intelligence in deciding exactly how to apply
these rules.
1. Do not kill. This is sometimes
translated as “not harming,” or an absence of
violence.
2. Do not steal. This is generally
interpreted as including the avoidance of fraud
and economic exploitation.
3. Do not lie. This is sometimes
interpreted as including name calling, gossip, etc.
4. Do not misuse sex. For monks and
nuns, this means any departure from complete
celibacy. For the laity, adultery is forbidden,
along with any sexual harassment or
exploitation, including that within marriage. The
Buddha did not discuss consensual premarital
sex within a committed relationship; Thus,
present-day Buddhist traditions differ on this.
Most Buddhists, probably influenced by their
local cultures, condemn same-sex sexual
activity regardless of the nature of the
relationship between the lesbian, gay, or
bisexual persons involved.
5. Do not consume alcohol or other
drugs. The main concern here is that intoxicants
cloud the mind. Some have included as a drug
other methods of divorcing ourselves from
reality - e.g. movies, television, the Internet.
Those preparing for monastic life or who
are not within a family are expected to avoid an
additional five activities:
6. Taking untimely meals.
7. Dancing, singing, music, watching
5

grotesque mime.
8. Use of garlands, perfumes and
personal adornment.
9. Use of high seats.
10. Accepting gold or silver.
● The Eightfold Path:
The Buddha’s Eightfold Path consists of:
Panna: Discernment, wisdom:
1) Samma ditthi: Right Understanding of
the Four Noble Truths
2) Samma sankappa: Right thinking;
following the right path in life
Sila: Virtue, morality:
3) Samma vaca: Right speech: no lying,
criticism, condemning, gossip, harsh language
4) Samma kammanta: Right conduct by
following the Five Precepts
5) Samma ajiva: Right livelihood; support
yourself without harming others
Samadhi:Concentration, meditation:
6) Samma vayama: Right Effort: promote
good thoughts; conquer evil thoughts
7) Samma sati: Right Mindfulness:
Become aware of your body, mind and feelings
8) Samma samadhi: Right Concentration:
Meditate to achieve a higher state of
consciousness
4. Know the
Buddhist’s
concepts of
meditation,
6

samsara, karma ● What is meditation?
and nirvana Meditation is an essential practice to
most Buddhists. Buddhists look within
themselves for the truth and understanding of
Buddha’s teachings. They seek enlightenment, or
nirvana, this way. Nirvana is freedom from
needless suffering and being fully alive and
present in one’s life. It is not a state that can
really be described in words - it goes beyond
words. Meditation means focusing the mind to
achieve an inner stillness that leads to a state of
enlightenment. Meditation takes many forms:
It can be sitting quietly beside a beautiful
arrangement of rocks, contemplating beauty.
It can be practicing a martial art such as
karate or aikido since they require mental and
physical control and strong concentration.
It can mean focusing on a riddle such as
“What is the sound of one hand clapping?”
It can be contemplating a haiku or short
poem that captures a moment in time.
It can be in a meditation room of a
monastery.
It can involve chanting.
It can involve the use of a mandala to
focus attention to the invisible point at the
center of interlocking triangles.
It can involve quietly noticing one’s
breath as it goes in and out It can happen
anywhere at any time.
● SAMSARA, KARMA, NIRVANA

Buddhist’s concepts The word samsara literally means
of Meditation, “continuing on”, “wandering on”. It signifies the
Samsara, Karma and repetitive cycle of birth, aging, death and rebirth.
Nirvana. The only thing that is passed on from the current
7

life to the next life is a set of feelings, a set of
impressions, a set of present moments, and the
karma that is created in previous lives and the
current life. The Buddha did not discuss how
similar they may be. The key piece to focus in on
is that from life to life, we have the ability to
become closer to the goal of breaking the cycle
of samsara.
Both Buddhism and Hinduism share the
concept of rebirth, but the Buddhist concept
differs in details from the Hindu definition.
According to Hindu tradition, rebirth is
understood to involve a “permanent” soul, a
conscious entity which goes from one body to
another. According to this theory, the soul lives
in one body and at death, the soul leaves that
body off and goes on to assume another body.
Whereas in Buddhism, rebirth is not viewed as
the transmigration of a conscious entity, but as
the repeated occurrence of the process of
existence. There is a continuity between one life
and another. But there is no soul, no permanent
entity which transmigrates from one life to
another.
Karma refers to the natural law in
Buddhism that deals with cause and effect in a
person’s life. The idea is that what you put out in
this world comes back to you, what you plant
you harvest. Buddhists believe you go through a
cycle of birth, life, death, and rebirth. All of life is
a process that is guided by the natural law of
karma. Going a step further, what you do and
what you say and how you do things in this
lifetime is based on your experiences in previous
lives, as well as your experiences earlier in this
life. Buddhist teachings tell us that those who do
good become good. Likewise, those who do bad
will become bad. A new individual in the next life
will not be the same as previous lives. The
circumstances of Karma affect the condition of
the rebirth. Karma is a reflection of the essence
of being human. For Buddhists, what you
8

become in the next life depends on what you did
in this life. just as what you are in this life is a
distillation of what you were in previous lives.
That said, karma is a thread woven through all of
our lives.
Nirvana is an eternal state of being. It is
where the laws of karma and samsara cease to
be. Each lifetime presents opportunities to do
good, to learn the lessons, and to bring ourselves
closer to the goal of nirvana.
Nirvana differs from the Christian
concept of heaven. Nirvana is not a place, but
rather a state of being. You can be in Nirvana
while living the present life. It is the end of
suffering and desire. It is the end of individual
consciousness. Speaking to his disciples, the
Buddha described Nirvana as:
“… a condition, where there is neither
earth nor water, neither air nor light,
neither limitless space nor limitless time,
neither any kind of being, neither ideation
nor non-ideation, neither this world nor
that world. There is neither arising nor
passing away nor dying, neither cause nor
effect, neither change nor stand still.”
Often people look at the Buddhist
concept of nirvana as annihilation, but rather it is
an assimilation of the energy into the pool of
energy that is Nirvana. Buddhists believe that no
one can cleanse you, nor can anyone defile you.
No one can rid you of your sins but you. Clearly,
the responsibility of karma, samsara, and nirvana
is our own to manage. If you follow that
reasoning, the Buddhist idea of salvation is also
our own responsibility.
Buddha spoke of the middle way.
Buddhism is a description of a path to
harmony. It is up to us to bring that harmony to
ourselves and the world around us.
9
● Types of Buddhism
Today, many forms of Buddhism exist
around the world. The three main types that
represent specific geographical areas include:
Theravada Buddhism: Prevalent in
Thailand, Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Laos and Burma
Mahayana Buddhism: Prevalent in China,
Japan, Taiwan, Korea, Singapore and Vietnam
Tibetan Buddhism: Prevalent in Tibet,
Nepal, Mongolia, Bhutan, and parts of Russia and
northern India
Each of these types reveres certain texts
and has slightly different interpretations of
Buddha’s teachings. There are also several
subsects of Buddhism, including Zen Buddhism
and Nirvana Buddhism. Some forms of
Buddhism incorporate ideas of other religions
5. Know the and philosophies, such as Taoism and Bon.
different
religious forms
of Buddhism
● Buddhist Holy Book

Buddhists revere many sacred texts and
scriptures. Some of the most important are:
Tipitaka: These texts, known as the
“three baskets,” are thought to be the earliest
collection of Buddhist writings. The Tripitaka was
first written on palm leaves which were collected
together in baskets. After Buddha died, his
teachings were gradually written down from
what people remembered. The Tripitaka, or The
Three Baskets, is a collection of Buddha’s
sayings, his thoughts about them, and rules for
Buddhists monks.
6. Know Buddhism Sutras: There are more than 2,000 sutras,
10

Sacred Texts, which are sacred teachings embraced mainly by
Mahayana Buddhists.
Dharma &
Buddha Quotes The Book of the Dead: This Tibetan text
describes the stages of death in detail.
● Dharma
Buddha’s teachings are known as
“dharma.” He taught that wisdom, kindness,
patience, generosity and compassion were
important virtues.
Specifically, all Buddhists live by five
moral precepts, which prohibit:
Killing living things
Taking what is not given
Sexual misconduct
Lying
Using drugs or alcohol
Sects of Buddhism
● Buddha Quotes
Gautama traveled extensively, giving
sermons on how to live and achieve
enlightenment. Some popular quotes commonly
attributed to Buddha include:
“Meditation brings wisdom; lack of
meditation leaves ignorance.”
“If anything is worth doing, do it with all
your heart.”
“A jug fills drop by drop.”
“Better than a thousand hollow words, is
one word that brings peace.”
“Hatred does not cease through hatred at
any time.
11

Hatred ceases through love. This is an
unalterable law.”
“If you knew what I know about the
power of giving, you would not let a single meal
pass without sharing it in some way.”
“The root of suffering is attachment.”
“People with opinions just go around
bothering each other.”
Buddhism Sacred
Texts, Dharma &
Buddha Quotes ● Buddhism: Celebrations and Festivals
Wesak: This is the celebration of
Buddha’s birth. For Theravada Buddhists, it is
also the celebration of Buddha’s
enlightenment and death. During this
celebration, statues of Buddha are decorated.
Offerings are taken to monasteries, and
sometimes there are fireworks.
Vassa: This is a time to meditate and
study. In Buddha’s time, it was during the rainy
season which meant it was hard to travel and
teach so it was a good time for meditation and
study. During Vassa, a meditation retreat, all
Buddhists are supposed to set aside some time
7. Know the for study and meditation. At the end of Vassa,
Buddhism major people bring new robes to monks.
festival
Other Festivals: Different countries have
celebrations,
different Buddhist celebrations. For example in
sacred spaces
Japan, Buddhists celebrate the flower festival, or
and places Hana Matsuri, to honor Buddha’s birthday.
Temples are decorated with cherry blossoms and
children pour scented tea over statues of the
baby Buddha. In India, Buddhists celebrate the
Festival of the Sacred Tooth in honor of Buddha’s
first teaching. One of Buddha’s teeth is paraded
around in the streets as an expression of this
celebration.
12
● Buddhism: Sacred Spaces and Places

Sacred Spaces. Although worshipping in a
temple is not essential for worship, Buddhists do
visit shrines and temples to pay their respects to
Buddha and to meditate with other Buddhists.
Going to a worship space is not essential because
Buddhism is a way of life, a way to act all of the
time. Some Buddhists also have shrines in their
homes, allowing practitioners to pray at the
most convenient times for them. Buddhist
shrines and temples take many different forms
depending on where they are built. The first
Buddhist shrines were ten dome-shaped
mounds, or studpas, which were built to hold
Buddha’s ashes. Then more stupas were built to
hold sacred items. Some stupas are bell-shaped.
Visitors walk around the stupas as a way of
paying their respects to the Buddha. In Japan
and China, Buddhists built pagodas as sacred
temples. These are towers with various numbers
of tiers, usually five. The five tiers represent the
five basic elements of the Universe — earth,
water, fire, wind, and emptiness. The height
represents reaching out of the physical world
towards wisdom.
Sacred Places. Buddhists go on
pilgrimages to places associated with Buddha’s
life. These places include his birthplace, Lumbini
Grove, the place of enlightenment, Bodh Gaya,
the place of his first sermon, Sarnarth, and the
place he died, Kusinara. In addition there are
other sacred places, special to the various
branches of Buddhism. For example, since the
Dalai Lama, the spiritual leader of Tibetan
Buddhism, was exiled from Tibet when the
Buddhism Holidays, Chinese army invaded in 1959, he has been livng
Sacred Spaces and in Dharamsala, India. This has become a special
Places place for his followers who go there to study and
13

hope for an audience with the Dalai Lama.
Some Buddhists want to practice
Buddhism more strictly and with less distraction.
These monks and nuns form communities and
live in monasteries. A religious community of
Buddhists is called a Sangha. In some countries,
young boys and girls spend part of their
education living as monks. Buddhists use
monasteries as places of refuge for meditation
and to refocus on a simpler, less worldly life.
Monasteries are important places to Buddhists.
8. Know the Signs

of Being &Three
Fires according ● The Three Signs of Being
to Buddhism
(1) Change (2) Suffering (3) no ‘I’
The first, Change, points out the basic
fact that nothing in the world is fixed or
permanent. We ourselves are not the same
people, either physically, emotionally or
mentally, that we were ten years - or even ten
minutes ago! Living as we do, then, as shifting
beings upon shifting sands, it is not possible for
us to find lasting security.
As regards the second Sign, we have
already seen how it was the experience of
Suffering that sent the Buddha off on his great
spiritual quest, though suffering is not a very
good translation of the original word, dukkha.
Dukkha implies the generally unsatisfactory and
imperfect nature of life. However, it does not
follow that Buddhists believe that life is all
suffering. Buddhists do believe that there is
happiness in life, but know that it does not last
and that even in the most fortunate of lives
there is suffering. Happiness is subject to the law
of change and impermanence.
No-I, the third Sign, is a little more
difficult.
14

Buddhists do not believe that there is
anything everlasting or unchangeable in human
beings, no soul or self in which a stable sense of
‘I’ might anchor itself. The whole idea of ‘I’ is in
fact a basically false one that tries to set itself up
in an unstable and temporary collection of
elements. Take the traditional analogy of a cart.
A cart may be broken down into its basic
components -axle, wheels, shafts, sides, etc.
Signs of Being & Then the cart is no more; all we have is a pile of
Three Fires components. In the same way ‘I’ am made up of
various elements or aggregates (khandhas): form
(rupa-khandha), feeling-sensation (pleasant,
unpleasant, neutral), (vedana-khandha),
perception (sanna-khandha), volitional mental
activities (sankhara-khandha), sense
consciousness (vinnana-khandha).
● The Three Fires

(1) Desire/Thirst, (2) Anger (3) Delusion
Your house is on fire, burns with the
Three Fires; there is no dwelling in it’ - thus
spoke the Buddha in his great Fire Sermon. The
house he speaks of here is the human body; the
three fires that burn it are (1) Desire/Thirst, (2)
Anger and (3) Delusion. They are all kinds of
energy and are called ‘fires’ because, untamed,
they can rage through us and hurt us and other
people too! Properly calmed through spiritual
training, however, they can be transformed into
the genuine warmth of real humanity.
In General
‘Not to do any evil; to cultivate good; to
purify one’s heart - this is the teaching of all the
Buddhas.’ Although Buddhists value highly such
virtues as loving kindness, humanity, patience
and giving, perhaps they value wisdom and
compassion most of all. The idea of ahimsa or
15

harmlessness is very closely connected with
compassion. The compassionate desire to cause
no harm to all beings including animals, plants,
and the world in general. In all things Buddhism
places great stress on self-reliance and the
Buddha himself told his followers not to believe
without questioning, but to test it for
themselves. Buddhism is also a very practical
religion and aims at helping people to live their
lives peacefully. Buddhists also try to practice the
Buddhist virtues actively in their everyday lives.
The final goal of all Buddhist practice is to bring
about that same awakening that the Buddha
himself achieved through an active
transformation of the heart and passions and the
letting go of I.
ACTIVITY/OUTPUT I. What is the Buddhist concept of Nirvana?

: II. What are the three signs of being? Explain each briefly.
III. What is your understanding of the following Buddha Quote: “People with opinions
just go around bothering each other.”
IV. Differentiate the concept of rebirth between Buddhism and Hinduism.
V. “Why must people suffer?” “What is the cause of suffering?”
VI. Fill in the blanks with the correct answer.
1. The word Buddha means _____.
2. The founder of Buddhism is _____, who later became known as “the Buddha.”
3. About 2500 years ago, a prince named Siddhartha Gautama began to question
his sheltered, luxurious life in the palace. He left the palace and saw four sights,
namely: _____, _____, _____, & _____.
4. Followers of Buddhism don’t acknowledge a supreme god or deity. They
instead focus on achieving _____, a state of inner peace and wisdom. When
followers reach this spiritual echelon, they’re said to have experienced ____.
5. The path to _____ is attained by utilizing morality, meditation and wisdom.
6. Buddhists often meditate because they believe it helps awaken _____.
7. Buddha’s most important teachings, known as _____, are essential to
understanding the religion.
8. The freedom from needless suffering and being fully alive and present in one’s
life. It is not a state that can really be described in words - it goes beyond
words. This is _____.
16

9. It means focusing the mind to achieve an inner stillness that leads to a state of
enlightenment. This is _____.
10. It refers to the natural law in Buddhism that deals with cause and effect in a
person’s life. The idea is that what you put out in this world comes back to you,
what you plant you harvest. This is _____.
11. Buddhists go on pilgrimages to places associated with Buddha’s life. These
places include his birthplace, _____; the place of enlightenment, _____; the
place of his first sermon, _____; and the place he died, _____.
12. The _____, or The Three Baskets, is a collection of Buddha’s sayings, his
thoughts about them, and rules for Buddhists monks.
13. Buddha’s teachings are known as _____. He taught that wisdom, kindness,
patience, generosity and compassion were important virtues.
14. The _____ is the celebration of Buddha’s birth. For Theravada Buddhists, it is
also the celebration of Buddha’s enlightenment and death.
15. The ____ is a time to meditate and study. In Buddha’s time, it was during the
rainy season which meant it was hard to travel and teach so it was a good time
for meditation and study. During this time, a meditation retreat, all Buddhists
are supposed to set aside some time for study and meditation.
16. Enumerate the following:
a. Three Universal Truths
b. The Four Noble Truths
c. The Five Precepts
ACTIVITY/OUTPUT 1. Read carefully the summarized discussion from above (refer to the topic on Buddhism
GUIDE from the Theo 102 handbook)
2. Answer Activities I-VI preferably using a paper with white background. Copy and answer.
DATE OF
SUBMISSION
Prepared by: Reviewed by: Approved:
JOSE C. DE VERA, M.A.ED. ARIEL C. BACANI, MPA,MBGPH MERLY D. QUIAO, Ph.D

Professor Chair, Social Sciences Dean, College of Arts and Sciences
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Virgen Milagrosa University Foundation

“The Home of God-Loving and Globally Competent Individuals”

College of Arts & Sciences

THEO 102 Christianity and Other Religions

Learning TOPIC Summary/Discussion Reference/s

1. Know the ● Buddhism is a faith that was founded by

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● Followers of Buddhism don’t acknowledge a

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● Three Universal Truths

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● The Four Noble Truths:

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● SAMSARA, KARMA, NIRVANA

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● Buddhist Holy Book

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● Buddhism: Sacred Spaces and Places

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8. Know the Signs

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● The Three Fires

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ACTIVITY/OUTPUT I. What is the Buddhist concept of Nirvana?

College of Arts & Sciences

Prepared by: Reviewed by: Approved:

JOSE C. DE VERA, M.A.ED. ARIEL C. BACANI, MPA,MBGPH MERLY D. QUIAO, Ph.D

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