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ানু ারয স্ক্রর স্পীড রিক করয রনন।
The tense is the change of from in a verb to express the time of an action.
There are three tenses.
a. Present Tense
b. Past Tense
c. Future Tense
Each of these principal tenses is again subdivided into
4 forms: Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect, Perfect continuous.
You undoubtedly knew the definition of all the tense forms. But you have to remember the uses of all
types of tenses. We will always attribute on the usage of grammar.
াধাযণে তকান কাজ ফেতভারন য় ফুঝারর ফা াবযাগে েয ফুঝারর ফা রিযেয ফুঝারর Present Indefinite Tense য়। এাআ
Tense-এ ফাাংরায় ভূ র রিয়া এফাং াআাংরযরজরেও শুধু ভূ র verb ফযফহৃে য়। েরফ াআাংরযরজ ফারকয subject third person,
singular number রর verb এয তরল s ফা es তমাগ য়।
Structure:
Subject + main verb (ভূ র verb) + ..................
Subject + main verb + s/es + ........................
Note:
Present Indefinite Tense -এ subject এয রয be verb (am, is, are) থাকরর negative এফাং
interrogative কযায ভয় do/does ফযফহৃে রফ না।
Present Indefinite Tense - এ subject এয রয have verb (has, have) থাকরর, do verb ফযফায করয
negative এফাং interrogative কযা মায়।
ফেতভারন/এখ্ন তকান কাজ িররছ এরূ ফুঝারর presnt continuous tense য়। ফাাংরায় wμয়ায তরল তেরছ, তেছ, তেরছ, রছ
াআেযারদয ফযফায তদরখ্ এাআ tense তিনা মায়। াঅয াআাংরযরজরে এাআ tense-এ subject এয রয subject ানু ারয
am/is/are ফর াঅয ভূ র verb-এয ারথ- ing তমাগ কযরে য়।
Structure:
to describe an action going on at present time. (ফেতভান ভরয় তকান কাজ িররছ ফুঝাফায জরনয):
It is raining/snowing/sleeting.
Shofera is dancing at this moment.
A. makes B. made
@C. is making D. has made.
তকান কাজ এাআভাত্র তল রয়রছ রকন্তু োয পর ফেতভান াঅরছ ফুঝারর Present Perfect Tense য়। ফাাংরা ফারকয wμয়ায তরল
াআয়ারছ, াআয়াছ, াআরয়রছ াআেযারদয াারময এাআ tense তিনা মায়। াআাংরযরজ ফারকয এাআ tense-এ subject এয রয have/has ফর,
োযয ভূ র verb-এয past participle form ফর।
Structure:
Present Perfect is used with an action that happened at an indefinite time in the past.
John has travelled around the world. (We don't know
when.)
A common error is to substitute the present indefinite tense for the present perfect tense.
Present indefinite tense should not be used in place of present perfect. The latter is used when
the action, which began in the past, still continues.
I am in Delhi for seven years. (Incorrect)
I have been in Delhi for seven years. (Correct)
For an action that happened repeatedly before now.
I have failed my driver‖s test twice
I have seen that movie five times.
We use present perfect with today / this morning / this evening etc. when these periods are
not finished at the time of speaking.
I haven‖t seen you this morning.
Have you had a holiday this year.
The following adverbs can be used with present perfect. Just, already, since, for, yet (in
questions and negations), So far, till now, never, often, ever (in questions only)
Note : It should never be used with adverbs of past time.
He has just come here yesterday. (Wrong)
He has just come here. (Right)
Choice Between YET/ALREADY
The adverbs yet and already are used to indicate that something has happened (or hasn't happened) at
an unspecified time in the past. These adverbs are often used with the present perfect.
already - affirmative sentences
yet – negative sentences and questions
তকান কাজ ূ রফত াঅযম্ভ রয় এখ্নও িররছ এরু ফুঝারর Present Perfect Continuous Tense য়। এাআ tense-এ Subject
এয রয have been / has been ফর, োযয ভূ র verb-এয -ing ফর।
Structure:
I/We/They/You have
He/She/It has been doing.
It has been raining for two hours.
How long have you been learning English?
I‖ve been watching television since 2 o‖clock.
ােীেকারর তকান কাজ ঘরিরছর, তকান ারবয রছর াআেযারদ ফুঝারে Past Indefinite Tense য়। এাআ Tense-এ ফাাংরায়
wμয়ায তরল প্রায়াআ ―র‖ তদখ্া মায়। াঅয াআাংরযরজরে subject এয রয verb-এয Past Tense- এয form ফর।
Structure:
to say that something was in progress (going on) around a particular past time (ােীেকারর
তকান কাজ িররছর, কারজ াগ্রগরে রয়রছর রকন্তু তল য়রন):
This time last year I was living in Brazil.
I was painting all day yesterday.
to show an action that was going on at a time in the past when something else happened
(তকান কাজ ােীরে িররছর মখ্ন ানয াঅয একরি কাজ ঘরিরছর ফুঝাফায জরনয):
While Tania was watching television lightning struck the
house.
The cook was not watching the pot when it he sauce boiled
over.
It is used with an action, which was occurring in the past and was interrupted by another
action. In this case, the general rule is :
When + subject1 + simple past + subject2 + past cont. .....
OR
Subject1 + past cont. + when + subject2 + simple past ........
When Mark came home, she was watching television.
She was watching television when Mark came home.
Two actions occurring at the same time in the past. In this case, the following rules usually
apply.
Subject1 + past cont. + while + subject2 + past cont. .........
OR
While + subject1 + past cont.+ subject2 + past cont. .........
Martha was watching television while John was reading a
book.
While John was reading a book, Martha was watching
ােীেকারর দু রি ম্পনড়ফ কারজয ভরধয তমরি াঅরগ ঘরিরছর তাআ কাজরি past perfect tense য়। াঅয verb-এয যফেতী
কাজরি simple past tense য়। subject এয রয had, োযয verb-এয past participle-এয form ফর।
to show that something had already happened before some other action in the past (ােীরে
দু রিা ম্পনড়ফ কারজয তবেয তমরি ূ রফত রয়রছর, তাআ কাজরি ফুঝাফায জরনয):
When I went home, I found that someone had stolen my fur coat.
I realised that we had met before.
After past verbs say and thin, to talk about things that had happened before the saying or
thingking took place. (verbs of saying and thinking-এয রয ােীরে াংঘরিে তকান কারজয ফণতনা তদওয়া
প্ররে)
I thought I had sent the cheque a week before.
She said that she had done the work last month.
Choice Between BEFORE/AFTER
The past perfect tense stands before the word ―before‖ and after the word ―after‖ in the sentence
containing ―before or after‖.
The patient had died before the doctor came.
Or
The patient died after the doctor had come.
It was us who had left before he arrived.
(C Unit 2005 – 2006)
A. us who had left before he arrived.
B. we who had left before he arrived.
C. we who had went before he arrived.
D. us who had went before he arrived
E. we who had left before the time he had arrived.
Choose the suitable option to fill in the gap in the
sentence given below.
When Musa finally arrived at the concert, he suddenly
realized that he –– his ticket at home.
A. left B. was leaving
ােীেকারর তকান কাজ তকান রফরল ভরয় াঅযম্ভ রয় তকান রনরদতষ্ট ভরয় ম্পনড়ফ রয়রছর রকন্তু উরররখ্ে ভয় মতন্ত িররছর
ফুঝারে Past Perfect continuous tense য়। এখ্ারন মরদ দু রি wμয়ায উররখ্ থারক োরর তম কাজরি াঅরগ তথরক িররছর
তরি Past Perfect continuous tense য় এফাং তমরি রয রয়রছর তরি simple past tense য়। এাআ tense-এ subject-
এয রয had been ফর, এযরয ভূ র verb-এয ারথ -ing ফরফ।
Structure:
The past perfect continuous tense is used to express an action that continued in the past for
a given period of time ( ােীরেয তকান ঘিনা রকছু কার ধরয িররছর ফুঝারে):
At that time we had been living in the caravan for about six months.
When I found Mary, I could see that she had been crying.
Condolisa had been smoking for 30 years when he finally gave it up.
When I finally arrived at the party at 10 pm. Mita was
annoyed with me because I was late and she –––– for a
very long time. (D Unit 2006 – 2007)
A. had been waiting B. waited
C. is waiting D. has waiting
I was tired that night. I ---- wood all morning.
(B Unit 2001 – 2002)
A. was cutting @B. had been cutting
C. had D. cut
বরফলযরে তকান কাজ কযা রফ ফুঝারে Future Indefinite tense য়। ফাাংরা wμয়ায তরল ফ থারক এফাং াআাংরযরজরে subject
এয রয shall/will ফযফায কযা য়। রিরি াআাংরযরজরে াধাযণে First person I/we- এয রয shall, second person
you, third person he/she, they াআেযারদয রয will ফর। াঅরভরযকান াআাংরযরজরে তম তকান person-এয রয াধাযণে
will ফযফায কযা য়।
Structure:
to give (ask for ) information about the future or to give predictions of future events (তকান
খ্ফয তদওয়া/রজরে কযা/ ানু ভান কযা/বরফলযদ্বাণী কযায ভয়):
All the family will be at the wedding.
Tomorrow will be warm.
We shall be rich one day.
to express conditional ideas (েতমুি বাফ প্রকারয ভয়) :
If it rains. I shan‖t go.
He‖ll have an accident if he goes on driving like that.
If it rains, the match will be cancelled.
Other Verb Forms can show the Future- ানয রকছু verb-form-এয াারময Simple future tense-এয ভে
একাআ ধাযণা প্রকা কযা মায়।
Present of be + ing াথফা going to structure- এয াারময বরফলযৎ ঘিনা/কাজ প্রকা কযা মায়।
Am /is/are + [verb + ing] ........ > ...... as future going to .........
The art class is going to visit the museum tomorrow.
You are not going to believe this.
We are having dinner at seven this evening.
Present of be + infinitive- এয াারময বরফলযৎ ভয় প্রকা কযা মায় রফরল করয ফাধযফাধকো/রনয়ন্ত্রণ
াআেযারদ ফুঝাফায তক্ষরত্রাঃ
Am/is/are + infinitive] ........ > ...... as future
New students are to register at two o‖clock this afternoon.
Their dog is to get a rabies shot next week.
I am to go to college next evening.
Simple presnt tense- এয াারমযও বরফলযৎ ভয় প্রকা কযা মায়।
............ base form of verb .......... as future .
The summer term starts on April 10th.
If the price is reasonable. She will buy a new car.
To say that something will be in progress (going on) at a particular moment in the future.
(তকান কাজ বরফলযরে তকান রফরল ভুূরেত মতন্ত িররে থাকরফ ফুঝারে):
This time tomorrow I shall be lying on the beach.
I shall be reading the book then.
to refer to future events which are fixed or decided, or which are expected to happen in the
normal course of events. (তকান কাজ রনধতারযে াঅরছ ফা স্বাবারফকবারফ ঘিরফ এরূ প্রেযাা কযা মায় ফুঝারে):
Smetimes I think I‖ll be studying English the rest of my life.
Professor Alfred will be giving another lecture on poetry.
An action that will be ongoing at a particular time in the
future.
At noon tomorrow, I will be taking the children to their
piano lessons.
বরফলযরে তকান রনরদতষ্ট ভরয় তকান কাজ ম্পনড়ফ রফ াথফা দু রি কারজয ভরধয ূ রফত ম্পনড়ফ রফ ফুঝারে future perfect
tense য়। এাআ tense –এ াআাংরযরজ ফারকয subject এয রয shall have/will have ফর, োযরয ভূ র verb-এয
past participle-এয form ফরফ।
Structure:
বরফলযৎকারর তকান ভরয়য ভরধয তকান কাজ িররে থাকরফ ফুঝারর Future perfect Continuous tense য়। এখ্ারন াআাংরযরজ
ফারকয subject এয রয shall have been/will have been ফর, োযয ভূ র verb এয ারথ ing তমাগ য়।
Structure:
SEQUENCE OF TENSE
The rules according to which the tense of the verb of
subordinate clause is determined with the change of the tense of
verb of principal clause is called sequence of tense.
If the verb in the principal clause is present or future, the verb in the subordinate clause
may be in any tense.
He thinks that it will rain.
He will say that he is ill. or he was ill.
When the verb in the principal clause is in the past tense, the verbs of the subordinate
clauses should be in the past tense.
I forgot that he was coming today.
I felt that he was a fool.
Present Tense
Exercise on Tense:
1. Never ------------------ concerned about money even
thought he was not well-or-do.
A. the doctor was B. was the doctor
C. the doctor were D. the doctor is
2. Marilyn Monroe ---------- to playwright Arthur Miller
from 1956 to 1961
A. has been married B. had been married
C. was married D. married
3. When alpine glaciers -----------------, they comprise a
compound glacier.
A. will unite B. we‖ll unite
C. unite D. united
4. Not only ---------------- closed but also the adjoining
ত কখ্রনা ফারজ গল্প করয ভয় নষ্ট করয না––He never wastes time in gossiping
ত কখ্রনা রযয রনন্দা করয না––He never speaks ill of others
ফাাঃ! তফ করযছ ––Bravo! You have done well. (Bravo! It is well done)
কী ভজায কথা––How funny it is!
ঘিনাফরীয গরে কী দ্রুে!––How rapid is the march of events!
ফাফায এখ্ন িাকরয তনাআ––Father is out of employment now
োযা ভয়ভে াঅরে ারযরন––They failed to come in time
রশুরিয দু ফছযও ফয় নয়––The child is scarcely two years old
াঅরভ প্রায়াআ কারর ফারয াআ না–– I seldom go out in the morning
ভয়দারন খ্ুফ রবড় রছর––There was a large crowd in the maidan
এ ভরে তকান রন্দ থাকরে ারয না––There cannot be any doubt about it.
তদর বয়ঙ্কয দু রবতক্ষ তদখ্া রদর––There came a terrible famine in the land.
এাআভাত্র াাঁিিা ফাজর–– It has just struck five
াঅজ কনকরন ীে––It is biting cold today.
গাঁরড় গাঁরড় ফৃ রষ্ট ড়রছ––It is drizzling.
তক একজন জনন ারফ করকাোয় এররছ––A Mr. Johnson has come to Calcutta.
ভরন রে েুরভ একজন কাররদা––You are a Kalidas, I see.
এিা তফ ি কাজ––It is rather a difficult job/ It is really a hard job.
েুরভ এে দীঘত ভয় তকাথায় রছরর? ––Where have you been such a long time?
াঅভায ঘরড়িা রিক ভয় তদয়––My watch keeps right time
াঅরভ োয নাড়ী তদখ্রছ––I feel his pulse.
াঅরভ খ্ুফ ীে তফাধ কযরছ––I feel very cold.
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াঅভায ভরন রে ফৃ রষ্ট রফ––I think it will rain
াঅজ করদন ধরযাআ ফৃ রষ্ট রে––It has been raining for days together.
াঅজ াযারদন ধরয ফৃ রষ্ট রে––It has been raining all day long.
তভরয়রি কানড়ফায় তবরে ড়র––The girl burst into tears.
াঅভযা েখ্ন করষ্ট রদন কািাাআরেরছরাভ––We were then passing through hard times.
তছরররিরক ফুরিভান ফররয়া ভরন য়––The boy appears to be intelligent.
োাযা মাাআরে উদযে াআর––They were about to go
াঅরভ তদখ্রাভ তম ঘরড়িা ফে রয় তগর––I found that the clock had stopped
েুরভ রক জানরে, ত তকাথায় থারক? ––Did you know where he lived?
রেরন ফরররছররন তম, েুরভ ীঘ্রাআ ফাড়ী াঅরফ––He said that you would come home shortly.
াঅরভ শুরনরছরাভ তম, ত একখ্ানা ফাআ ারযরয়রছ––I heard that he had lost a book.
ত মখ্ন খ্ুর েখ্ন ফারড় মায়––He goes home whenever he likes.
* এখ্নাআ তফরযরয় ড়, না রর তেন ারফ না––Start at once, or you will miss the train.
ত তকফর রনরফতাধ নয়, একগাঁরয়ও ফরি––He is not only foolish, but also obstinate.
প্র ভ রাাআনিা তকরি দাও––Pen through the first line.
াঅভায ভয় াঅয কারি না––Time hangs heavy on me.
ীঘ্র তভঘ তকরি মারফ––The clouds will disappear soon.
োাঁয ফাআগরর তফ কািরছ––His books are selling well
রেরন ফড় করষ্ট ভয় কািারে––He is having a very hard time.
এ যীরে এখ্ন উরি তগরছ––This custom is now out of fashion.
ত তফ ফকুরন তখ্রয়রছ––He has got a good scolding.
িাকািা তোভায কারছ তযরখ্ দাও––Keep the money with you.
ও প্রস্তাফ এখ্ন তযরখ্ দাও––Leave (Set aside) the proposal now.
াঅরভ তিষ্টায াঅয রকছু ফাকী যারখ্ রন––I have left no stone unturned.
এ গারছ পুর ধরযরছ––Flowers have come up in this tree.
াঅভায ফড় ভাথা ধরযরছ––I have a bad headache.
ত কাড় তছরড়রছ––He has put off his clothes.
ত রদন িরর তগরছ––Those days are gone.
ত াঅাআন াঅয িরর না––That law is no more in force.
এখ্ন কাজকভত বাররা িররছ না––Business is dull now.
তফরা রড় াঅরছ––The day is declining
োয যাগ রড় তগরছ––His anger has abated.
কথািা াঅভায ভরন রড়রছ না––I can not recollect it just now.
াঅরভাআ াআা করযয়ারছ––It is I who have done it. or, I myself have done it.
রেরন যারত্রকারর প্রায়াআ কাজ করযন না––He seldom works at night.
াঅভারদগরক ভারজয রনয়ভ ভারনয়া িরররোআ াআরফ––We must abide by the laws of society.
তোভায তো রফ ারে খ্রড়––You are but a novice.
ারধক নণযাররে গাজন নষ্ট- Too many cooks spoil the broth.
ারে তরারব োাঁেী নষ্ট- Grasp all lose all.
পরর রযিয়- A tree is known by its fruit.
তমভন কভত তেভন পর- As you sow, so you will reap.
াআরে থাকরর উায় য়- Where there is a will, there is a way
এক ভারঘ ীে মায় না- One swallow does not make a summer.
এক ারে োরর ফারজ না- It takes two to make a quarrel.
কারযা তৌল ভা কারযা ফতনা-What is a sport to one is death to another
কথায় রিরড় রবরজ না- Fine words butter no parsnips.
কষ্ট রফনা তকষ্ট রভরর না- No pains, no gains.
ফুরয তভওয়া পরর- Patience is bitter, but it‖s fruit is sweet.
িািা াঅন প্রাণ ফাাঁিা- Everyone for himself.
তিনা ফাভুরনয পো রারগ না- Good wine needs no bush.
তল বার মায ফ বাররা োয- All‖s well that ends well.
তঝাাঁ ফুরঝ তকা ভায- Strike the iron while it is hot.
রিররি ভাযরর ািরকররি তখ্রে য়- Tit for tat.
দরয রারি এরকয তফাঝা- Many a little makes a mickle.
নানা ভুরনয নানা ভে- Many men, many minds.
নািরে না জানরর উিান ফাাঁকা- A bad workman quarrels with tools.
ারয ধন প্রায়রশ্চরে মায়-Ill got, ill spent.
াঅরভ ফাড়ীিা রযেযাি তরাভ- I found the house deserted.
ফাররকারি নািরে নািরে িরর তগর- The girl went away dancing.
াঅরভ তোভায উয ন্তুষ্ট রয়রছ- I am very pleased with you.
াঅরভ ীঘ্রাআ তোভারক রিরি ররখ্ফ- I will write to you shortly.
মে ীঘ্র য় েোআ বাররা- The sooner the better.
রক কযরে রফ ো াঅরভ জারন না- I don‖t know what to do.
োয স্বণ রেয রয়রছর- His dream came true.
ফরা জ রকন্তু কযা করিন- It is easy to say but difficult to do.
TRANSLATION
Answer keys:
1. a 2. c 3. d 4. a 5. b 6. c 7. b 8. b 9. d
10. a 11. c 12. d 13. b 14. c 15. d 16. d 17. b
Answer Keys:
1. c 2.b 3.b 4.b 5.a 6.c 7.b 8.a 9.b 10.c 11.b
12.a 13.c 14.b 15.b 16.d 17.b 18.c 19.c 20.c
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