Balancing

• The high speed of engines is a common phenomenon now-a-days.

• Therefore, very essential that all the rotating and reciprocating parts
should be completely balanced as far as possible.
• If these parts are not properly balanced, the dynamic forces are set
up.
• These forces not only increase the loads on bearings and stresses in
the various members, but also produce unpleasant and even
dangerous vibrations.
• Often an unbalance of forces is produced in rotary machinery due to
the inertia forces associated with the moving masses.

• Balancing is the process of designing or modifying machinery so that

the unbalance is reduced to an acceptable level.
 What is balancing of rotating
members?

Balancing means a process of restoring a rotor

which has unbalance to a balanced state by
adjusting the mass distribution of the rotor.
Balancing
"is the process of attempting to
improve the mass distribution
of a body so that it rotates in its
bearings without unbalanced
centrifugal forces”
Unbalance is caused by the displacement of the
mass centerline from the axis of rotation.
Centrifugal force of "heavy" point of a rotor
exceeds the centrifugal force exerted by the light
side of the rotor and pulls the entire rotor in the
direction of the heavy point.
 Balancing is the correction of this phenomena
by the removal or addition of mass
• In order to prevent the effect of centrifugal force, another mass is attached to the
opposite side of the shaft, at such a position to balance the effect of the centrifugal
force of the first mass.

• This is done in such a way that the centrifugal force of both the masses are made
to be equal and opposite.

• The process of providing the second mass in order to counteract the effect of the
centrifugal force of the first mass, is called balancing of rotating masses.
The following cases are important from the subject point of view:

1. Balancing of a single rotating mass by a single mass rotating in the same plane.

2. Balancing of a single rotating mass by two masses rotating in different planes.

3. Balancing of different masses rotating in the same plane.

4. Balancing of different masses rotating in different planes.

 Balancing Example
A shaft carries four masses A, B, C and D of magnitude 200 kg, 300 kg, 400 kg and 200 kg respectively and
revolving at radii 80 mm, 70 mm, 60 mm and 80 mm in planes measured from A at 300 mm, 400 mm and 700
mm. The angles between the cranks measured anticlockwise are A to B 45°, B to C 70° and C to D 120°. The
balancing masses are to be placed in planes X and Y. The distance between the planes A and X is 100 mm,
between X and Y is 400 mm and between Y and D is 200 mm. If the balancing masses revolve at a radius of 100
mm, find their magnitudes and angular positions.
෍ 𝑀𝑋 = 0 ⟹ 200 ∗ 10−3 𝑘 × 300 𝜔2 ∗ 70 ∗ 10−3 ∗ 𝑐𝑜𝑠45 𝑖 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛45 𝑗 +

300 ∗ 10−3 𝑘 × 400 𝜔2 ∗ 60 ∗ 10−3 ∗ 𝑐𝑜𝑠115 𝑖 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛115 𝑗 +

400 ∗ 10−3 𝑘 × 𝑚𝑌 𝜔2 ∗ 100 ∗ 10−3 ∗ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑌 𝑖 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑌 𝑗 +

600 ∗ 10−3 𝑘 × 200 𝜔2 ∗ 80 ∗ 10−3 ∗ 𝑐𝑜𝑠235 𝑖 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛235 𝑗 −

100 ∗ 10−3 𝑘 × 200 𝜔2 ∗ 80 ∗ 10−3 ∗ 𝑐𝑜𝑠0 𝑖 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛0 𝑗 =0

⇒ −16.314 ∗ 102 − 40 𝑚𝑌 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑌 = 0

−71.7934 ∗ 102 + 40 𝑚𝑌 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑌 = 0
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑌 −16.314
⇒ = tan 𝜃𝑌 =
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑌 71.7934
⇒ 𝜽𝒀 = −12.8𝑜 = 𝟑𝟒𝟕. 𝟐𝒐
40 𝑚𝑌 𝑐𝑜𝑠347.2 = 71.7934 ∗ 102 ⇒ 𝒎𝒀 = 𝟏𝟖𝟒. 𝟏 𝒌𝒈
෍ 𝐹𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 . = 0 ⟹ 300 𝜔2 ∗ 70 ∗ 10−3 ∗ 𝑐𝑜𝑠45 𝑖 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛45 𝑗 +

400 𝜔2 ∗ 60 ∗ 10−3 ∗ 𝑐𝑜𝑠115 𝑖 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛115 𝑗 +

184.1 𝜔2 ∗ 100 ∗ 10−3 ∗ 𝑐𝑜𝑠347.2 𝑖 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛347.2 𝑗 +

200 𝜔2 ∗ 80 ∗ 10−3 ∗ 𝑐𝑜𝑠235 𝑖 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛235 𝑗 +

200 𝜔2 ∗ 80 ∗ 10−3 ∗ 𝑐𝑜𝑠0 𝑖 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛0 𝑗 +

𝑚𝑋 𝜔2 ∗ 100 ∗ 10−3 ∗ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑥 𝑖 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑥 𝑗 =0

⇒ 29481.7 + 100 𝑚𝑋 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑋 = 0

19415.5 + 100 𝑚𝑋 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑋 = 0
⇒ 𝜽𝑿 = 𝟐𝟏𝟑. 𝟑𝟕𝒐
⇒ 29481.7 + 100 𝑚𝑋 𝑐𝑜𝑠213.37 = 0
⇒ 𝒎𝑿 = 𝟑𝟓𝟑. 𝟎𝟐 𝒌𝒈