You are on page 1of 7

International Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology (IJIET)

&RPSDUDWLYH6WXG\RI3 2DQG,QFUHPHQWDO
&RQGXFWDQFH0337$OJRULWKPVIRU
3KRWRYROWDLF6\VWHP


5RSKLND6DPVRQ3RQXJRWL
E.E.E, Bapatla Engineering College Bapatla, Guntur Dt., A.P

$EVWUDFW7KHULVLQJQHHGVRISRZHURSHQWKHGRRUVIRUPDQ\LQYHQWLRQV$PRQJZKLFKUHQHZDEOHJUHHQHQHUJLHVLVRQH
ZLWKZLGHVSUHDGXVDJH%XWLWKDVEHHQVXIIHULQJZLWKPDQ\SRZHUTXDOLW\GUDZEDFNVOLNHSRZHUGULSSLQJGURSSLQJDQG
VKDGLQJFRQGLWLRQVDQGVRRQ0D[LPXP3RZHU3RLQW7UDFNLQJ 0337 DOJRULWKPVDUHLPSRUWDQWLQ39V\VWHPVEHFDXVH
LW UHGXFHV WKH 39 DUUD\ FRVW E\ UHGXFLQJ WKH QXPEHU RI 39 SDQHOV UHTXLUHG WR DFKLHYH WKH GHVLUHG RXWSXW SRZHU 7KLV
SDSHUSUHVHQWVjFRPSDUDWLYHVWXG\RIWZRLPSRUWDQW0337DOJRULWKPVVSHFLILFDOO\SHUWXUEDQGREVHUYHDQGLQFUHPHQWDO
FRQGXFWDQFH 7KHVH DOJRULWKPV DUH ZLGHO\ XVHG EHFDXVH RI LWV ORZFRVW DQG HDVH RI UHDOL]DWLRQ  6RPH  LPSRUWDQW
SDUDPHWHUVVXFKDVYROWDJHFXUUHQWDQGSRZHURXWSXWIRUHDFKGLIIHUHQWFRPELQDWLRQKDVEHHQWUDFHGIRUERWK
DOJRULWKPV

.H\:RUGVSKRWRYROWDLF 39 0337SHUWXUEDQGREVHUYHLQFUHPHQWDOFRQGXFWDQFH

,,1752'8&7,21
3KRWRYROWDLF 39  JHQHUDWLRQ UHSUHVHQWV FXUUHQWO\ RQH RI WKH PRVW SURPLVLQJ VRXUFHV RI UHQHZDEOHJUHHQ
HQHUJ\'XHWRWKHHQYLURQPHQWDODQGHFRQRPLFEHQHILWV39JHQHUDWLRQLVSUHIHUUHGRYHURWKHUUHQHZDEOHHQHUJ\
VRXUFHV VLQFH WKH\ DUH FOHDQ LQH[KDXVWLEOH DQG UHTXLUH OLWWOH PDLQWHQDQFH 39 FHOOV JHQHUDWH HOHFWULF SRZHU E\
GLUHFWO\ FRQYHUWLQJ VRODU HQHUJ\ WR HOHFWULFDO HQHUJ\ 39 SDQHOV DQG DUUD\V JHQHUDWH '& SRZHU WKDW KDV WR EH
FRQYHUWHGWR$&DWVWDQGDUGSRZHUIUHTXHQF\LQRUGHUWRIHHGWKHORDGV7KHUHIRUH39V\VWHPV UHTXLUHLQWHUIDFLQJ
SRZHUFRQYHUWHUVEHWZHHQWKH39DUUD\VDQGWKHJULG3KRWRYROWDLFJHQHUDWHG HQHUJ\ FDQEHGHOLYHUHGWRSRZHU
V\VWHPQHWZRUNVWKURXJKJULGFRQQHFWHGLQYHUWHUV2QHVLJQLILFDQWSUREOHPLQ39V\VWHPVLVWKHSUREDEOHPLVPDWFK
EHWZHHQWKHRSHUDWLQJFKDUDFWHULVWLFVRIWKHORDGDQGWKH39DUUD\
39VRODUV\VWHPVH[LVWLQPDQ\GLIIHUHQWFRQILJXUDWLRQVZLWKUHJDUGWRWKHLUUHODWLRQVKLSWRLQYHUWHUV\VWHPV
H[WHUQDO JULGV EDWWHU\ EDQNV RU RWKHU HOHFWULFDO ORDGV5HJDUGOHVV RI WKH XOWLPDWH GHVWLQDWLRQ RI WKH VRODU SRZHU
WKRXJKWKHFHQWUDOSUREOHPDGGUHVVHGE\0337LVWKDWWKHHIILFLHQF\RISRZHUWUDQVIHUIURPWKHVRODUFHOOGHSHQGV
RQERWKWKHDPRXQWRIVXQOLJKWIDOOLQJRQWKHVRODUSDQHOVDQGWKHHOHFWULFDOFKDUDFWHULVWLFVRIWKHORDG$VWKHDPRXQW
RI VXQOLJKW YDULHV WKH ORDG FKDUDFWHULVWLF WKDW JLYHV WKH KLJKHVW SRZHU WUDQVIHU HIILFLHQF\ FKDQJHV VR WKDW WKH
HIILFLHQF\ RI WKH V\VWHP LV RSWLPL]HG ZKHQ WKH ORDG FKDUDFWHULVWLF FKDQJHV WR NHHS WKH SRZHU WUDQVIHU DW KLJKHVW
HIILFLHQF\7KLVORDGFKDUDFWHULVWLFLVFDOOHGWKHPD[LPXPSRZHUSRLQWDQG0337LVWKHSURFHVVRIILQGLQJWKLVSRLQW
DQG NHHSLQJ WKH ORDG FKDUDFWHULVWLF WKHUH (OHFWULFDO FLUFXLWV FDQ EH GHVLJQHG WR SUHVHQW DUELWUDU\ ORDGV WR WKH
SKRWRYROWDLFFHOOVDQGWKHQFRQYHUWWKHYROWDJHFXUUHQWRUIUHTXHQF\WRVXLWRWKHUGHYLFHVRUV\VWHPVDQG0337
VROYHVWKHSUREOHPRIFKRRVLQJWKHEHVWORDGWREHSUHVHQWHGWRWKHFHOOVLQRUGHUWRJHWWKHPRVWXVDEOHSRZHURXW

6RODUFHOOVKDYHDFRPSOH[UHODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQWHPSHUDWXUHDQGWRWDOUHVLVWDQFHWKDWSURGXFHVDQRQOLQHDURXWSXW
HIILFLHQF\ZKLFKFDQEHDQDO\]HGEDVHGRQWKH,9FXUYH,WLVWKHSXUSRVHRIWKH0337V\VWHPWRVDPSOHWKHRXWSXW
RI WKH 39 FHOOV DQG DSSO\ WKH SURSHU UHVLVWDQFH ORDG  WR REWDLQ PD[LPXP SRZHU IRU DQ\ JLYHQ HQYLURQPHQWDO
FRQGLWLRQV0337GHYLFHVDUHW\SLFDOO\LQWHJUDWHGLQWRDQHOHFWULFSRZHUFRQYHUWHUV\VWHPWKDWSURYLGHVYROWDJHRU
FXUUHQWFRQYHUVLRQILOWHULQJDQGUHJXODWLRQIRUGULYLQJYDULRXVORDGVLQFOXGLQJSRZHUJULGVEDWWHULHVRUPRWRUV

,, 23(5$7,1*6<67(0


Special Issue NCRTEEFOSS-2016 200 ISSN: 2319 – 1058
International Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology (IJIET)


7KH V\VWHP¶VRSHUDWLQJSRLQW LV DW WKH LQWHUVHFWLRQRI WKH ,9 FXUYHVRI WKH 39 DUUD\DQG ORDGZKHQD
39DUUD\LVGLUHFWO\FRQQHFWHGWRDORDG7KH0D[LPXP3RZHU3RLQW 033 RI39DUUD\LVQRWDWWDLQHGPRVWRIWKH
WLPH7KLVSUREOHPLV RYHUFRPHE\XVLQJDQ0337ZKLFKPDLQWDLQVWKH39DUUD\¶VRSHUDWLQJSRLQWDW WKH033
7KH RFFXUUHQFHRI 033 LQ WKH ,9SODQHLV QRW NQRZQSULRU\WKHUHIRUHLW LV FDOFXODWHGXVLQJD PRGHORIWKH 39
DUUD\ DQG PHDVXUHPHQWV RI LUUDGLDQFH DQG DUUD\ WHPSHUDWXUH &DOFXODWLQJ WKHVH PHDVXUHPHQWV DUH RIWHQ WRR
H[SHQVLYH DQG WKH UHTXLUHG SDUDPHWHUV IRU WKH 39 DUUD\ PRGHO DUH QRW NQRZQ DGHTXDWHO\ 7KXV WKH 0337
FRQWLQXRXVO\ VHDUFKHV IRU 033 7KHUH DUH VHYHUDO 0337 FRQWLQXRXVO\ VHDUFKHV DOJRULWKPV WKDW KDYH EHHQ
SURSRVHGZKLFKXVHVGLIIHUHQWFKDUDFWHULVWLFVRIVRODUSDQHOVDQGWKHORFDWLRQRIWKH033
7RH[WUDFWWKHPD[LPXPSRZHUIURPWKHVRODU39PRGXOHDQGWUDQVIHUWKDWSRZHUWRWKHORDGD0337LV
XVHG$GFGFFRQYHUWHU VWHSXSVWHSGRZQ WUDQVIHUVPD[LPXPSRZHUIURPWKHVRODU39PRGXOHWRWKHORDGDQG
LW DFWV DV DQ LQWHUIDFH EHWZHHQ WKH ORDG DQG WKH PRGXOH 0D[LPXP SRZHU LV WUDQVIHUUHG E\ YDU\LQJ WKH ORDG
LPSHGDQFH DV VHHQ E\ WKH VRXUFH DQG PDWFKLQJ LW DW WKH SHDN SRZHU RI LW ZKHQ WKH GXW\ F\FOH LV FKDQJHG ,Q
RUGHU WR PDLQWDLQ 39 DUUD\¶V RSHUDWLQJ DW LWV 033 GLIIHUHQW 0337 WHFKQLTXHV DUH UHTXLUHG,Q WKH OLWHUDWXUH
PDQ\  0337  WHFKQLTXHV  DUH  SURSRVHG  VXFK  DV  WKH  3HUWXUE  DQG  2EVHUYH  3 2   PHWKRG  ,QFUHPHQWDO
&RQGXFWDQFH ,&  PHWKRG )X]]\ /RJLF 0HWKRG HWF 2I WKHVH WKH WZR PRVW SRSXODU 0337 WHFKQLTXHV 3HUWXUE
DQG2EVHUYH 3 2  DQG,QFUHPHQWDO &RQGXFWDQFH PHWKRGV  DUHVWXGLHG
7KH SDSHU KDV EHHQ RUJDQL]HG LQ WKH IROORZLQJ PDQQHU 7KH EDVLF SULQFLSOH RI 39 FHOO DQG WKH
FKDUDFWHULVWLFVRI 39 DUUD\ DUHGLVFXVVHGLQVHFWLRQ6HFWLRQSUHVHQWVWKH3 2DQG,QFUHPHQWDO &RQGXFWDQFH
0337 DOJRULWKPV LQ GHWDLO 7KH VLPXODWLRQ UHVXOWV RI 39 DUUD\ 0337 DOJRULWKPV DQG WKHLU FRPSDULVRQ DUH
GLVFXVVHGLQVHFWLRQ/DVWVHFWLRQFRQFOXGHV

,,,39$55$<&+$5$&7(5,67,&6

3.1 Basic Principle of PV Cell


39FHOOVDUHHVVHQWLDOO\D YHU\ODUJHDUHDSQMXQFWLRQGLRGHZKHUHVXFKDGLRGHLVFUHDWHGE\IRUPLQJD
MXQFWLRQ EHWZHHQ WKH QW\SH DQG SW\SH UHJLRQV $V VXQOLJKW VWULNHV D 39 FHOO WKH LQFLGHQW HQHUJ\ LV FRQYHUWHG
GLUHFWO\LQWRHOHFWULFDOHQHUJ\7UDQVPLWWHGOLJKWLVDEVRUEHGZLWKLQWKHVHPLFRQGXFWRUE\XVLQJWKHHQHUJ\WRH[FLWH
IUHHHOHFWURQVIURPDORZHQHUJ\VWDWXVWRDQXQRFFXSLHGKLJKHUHQHUJ\OHYHO:KHQD39FHOOLVLOOXPLQDWHGH[FHVV
HOHFWURQKROGSDLUVDUHJHQHUDWHGE\OLJKWWKURXJKRXWWKHPDWHULDOKHQFHWKHSQMXQFWLRQLVHOHFWULFDOO\VKRUWHGDQG
FXUUHQWZLOOIORZ
3.2 PV array Characteristics
7KHXVHRIVLQJOHGLRGHHTXLYDOHQWHOHFWULFFLUFXLWPDNHVLWSRVVLEOHWRPRGHOWKHFKDUDFWHULVWLFVRID39
FHOO 7KH PDWKHPDWLFDOPRGHO RI D SKRWRYROWDLFFHOO FDQ EH GHYHORSHGXVLQJ WKHHTXDWLRQ7KHEDVLF HTXDWLRQ
IURPWKHWKHRU\RIVHPLFRQGXFWRUVWKDWPDWKHPDWLFDOO\GHVFULEHVWKH,9FKDUDFWHULVWLFRIWKH,GHDOSKRWRYROWDLF
FHOOLVJLYHQE\





:KHUHµ, 39&HOO¶LVWKHFXUUHQWJHQHUDWHGE\WKHLQFLGHQWOLJKW LWLVGLUHFWO\SURSRUWLRQDOWRWKH6XQ
LUUDGLDWLRQ ,GLVWKHGLRGHHTXDWLRQ,RFHOO¶ LVWKHUHYHUVHVDWXUDWLRQRUOHDNDJHFXUUHQWRIWKHGLRGHµT¶LVWKH
HOHFWURQ FKDUJH >  í&@ N LV WKH %ROW]PDQQ FRQVWDQW >  í-.@ µ7¶ LV WKH
WHPSHUDWXUH RI WKH p-n MXQFWLRQDQG µD¶ LV WKH GLRGH LGHDOLW\FRQVWDQW)LJXUH VKRZVWKH HTXLYDOHQWFLUFXLWRI
LGHDO39FHOO








)LJ(TXLYDOHQWFLUFXLWRILGHDO39FHOO


Special Issue NCRTEEFOSS-2016 201 ISSN: 2319 – 1058
International Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology (IJIET)


3UDFWLFDODUUD\VDUHFRPSRVHGRIVHYHUDOFRQQHFWHG39FHOOVDQGWKHREVHUYDWLRQRIWKHFKDUDFWHULVWLFVDW
WKH WHUPLQDOVRI WKH 39 DUUD\UHTXLUHVWKH LQFOXVLRQRI DGGLWLRQDOSDUDPHWHUV DV VKRZQ LQ ILJXUH  WRWKHEDVLF
HTXDWLRQ


:KHUH 9W  1VN7T LV WKH WKHUPDO YROWDJH RI WKH DUUD\ ZLWK µ1V¶ FHOOV DUH FRQQHFWHGLQ VHULHV &HOOVFRQQHFWHG
LQ SDUDOOHO LQFUHDVHV WKH FXUUHQW DQG FHOOV FRQQHFWHG LQ VHULHV SURYLGH JUHDWHU RXWSXW YROWDJHV V DQG I DUH WKH
WHUPLQDO YROWDJH DQG FXUUHQW 7KH HTXLYDOHQWFLUFXLW RI LGHDO 39 FHOO ZLWK WKH VHULHV UHVLVWDQFH 5V  DQGSDUDOOHO
UHVLVWDQFH 5S LVVKRZQLQILJXUH









)LJ(TXLYDOHQWFLUFXLWRILGHDO39FHOOZLWK5SDQG5
)RUDJRRGVRODUFHOOWKHVHULHVUHVLVWDQFH 5V VKRXOGEHYHU\VPDOODQGWKHVKXQW SDUDOOHO UHVLVWDQFH
5S  VKRXOG EH YHU\ ODUJH )RU FRPPHUFLDO VRODU FHOOV 5S  LV PXFK JUHDWHU WKDQ WKH IRUZDUG UHVLVWDQFH RI D
GLRGH 7KH ,9 FXUYH LV VKRZQ LQ )LJXUH  7KH FXUYH KDV WKUHH LPSRUWDQW SDUDPHWHUV QDPHO\ RSHQ FLUFXLW
YROWDJH 9RF VKRUWFLUFXLWFXUUHQW ,VF DQGPD[LPXPSRZHUSRLQW 033 ,QWKLVPRGHOVLQJOHGLRGHHTXLYDOHQW
FLUFXLWLVFRQVLGHUHG7KH,9FKDUDFWHULVWLFRIWKHSKRWRYROWDLFGHYLFHGHSHQGVRQWKHLQWHUQDOFKDUDFWHULVWLFVRI
WKHGHYLFHDQGRQH[WHUQDOLQIOXHQFHVVXFKDVLUUDGLDWLRQOHYHODQGWKHWHPSHUDWXUH














)LJXUH,9FKDUDFWHULVWLFVRIWKH39FHOO














)LJXUH39FKDUDFWHULVWLFVRIWKH39FHOO


Special Issue NCRTEEFOSS-2016 202 ISSN: 2319 – 1058
International Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology (IJIET)


7KH39FKDUDFWHULVWLFVRIWKH39FHOODUHLOOXVWUDWHGLQILJXUH,WGHSHQGVRQ WKHRSHQFLUFXLWYROWDJH 9RF WKH


VKRUWFLUFXLWFXUUHQW ,VF DQGWKHPD[LPXPSRZHUSRLQW 033 

,9&203$5,6212)03377(&+1,48(6

&ODVVLILFDWLRQVRI WKH 0337WHFKQLTXHVKDYHEHHQ DWWHPSWHG EDVHG RQ IHDWXUHVOLNH WKH QXPEHURI FRQWURO
YDULDEOHV LQYROYHG WKHW\SHVRIFRQWUROVWUDWHJLHV FLUFXLWU\ DQGDSSUR[LPDWHPDNLQJ FRVW
a) According to Control Strategies
&RQWURO VWUDWHJLHV FDQEH  RI WKUHH  W\SHV LQGLUHFW  FRQWURO GLUHFW FRQWURO DQGSUREDELOLVWLF FRQWURO ,QGLUHFW
FRQWURO WHFKQLTXHV  DUH  EDVHG  RQ WKH  XVH  RI D GDWDEDVH  WKDW  LQFOXGHV SDUDPHWHUV  DQG GDWD VXFK DV
FKDUDFWHULVWLFV  FXUYHV  RI WKH 39 SDQHO IRU GLIIHUHQW LUUDGLDQFHV DQG WHPSHUDWXUHV RU RQ XVLQJ VRPH
PDWKHPDWLFDOHPSLULFDO IRUPXOD WR HVWLPDWH 033 'LUHFW FRQWURO VWUDWHJLHV FDQ VHHN 033 GLUHFWO\ E\WDNLQJ
LQWRDFFRXQWWKHYDULDWLRQV RIWKH39SDQHORSHUDWLQJ SRLQWV ZLWKRXW DQ\DGYDQFHG NQRZOHGJH RIWKH39SDQHO
FKDUDFWHULVWLFV 7KLV LVDJDLQ RI WZR W\SHV VXFK DV VDPSOLQJ PHWKRGV DQG PRGXODWLRQ PHWKRGV ,Q VDPSOLQJ
PHWKRGV ILUVW D VDPSOH LV PDGH IURP 39 SDQHO YROWDJH DQG FXUUHQW 7KH VDPSOH FRPSULVHV RI SRZHU DQG
*DWKHULQJ WKH SDVW DQG SUHVHQWLQIRUPDWLRQRI WKH VDPSOH WKH ORFDWLRQ RI WKH 033 LV WUDFNHG,QPRGXODWLRQ
PHWKRGV 033FDQEHWUDFNHGE\JHQHUDWLQJRVFLOODWLRQV DXWRPDWLFDOO\ E\WKHIHHGEDFN FRQWURO
b) According to Number of Control Variables
7ZR GLIIHUHQW FRQWURO YDULDEOHV VXFK DV YROWDJH  FXUUHQW  RU VRODU LUUDGLDQFH  WHPSHUDWXUH  HWF DUH RIWHQ
FKRVHQ  WR DFKLHYH WKH 0337 DSSOLFDWLRQV $FFRUGLQJ WR WKH YDULDEOHV ZKLFK QHHG WR EH VHQVHG 0337
WHFKQLTXHV FDQEHFODVVLILHG LQWRWZRW\SHVVXFK DVRQHYDULDEOH WHFKQLTXHV DQG WZRYDULDEOH WHFKQLTXHV ,WLV
HDVLHU DQG FKHDS WR LPSOHPHQW YROWDJH VHQVRU ZKHUHDV FXUUHQW VHQVRU LV EXON\ DQG H[SHQVLYH DQG KHQFH
LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ RIFXUUHQWVHQVRU LVLQFRQYHQLHQW LQ39SRZHU V\VWHPV
c) According to Types of Circuitry

7KHFLUFXLWU\LQYROYHGLQ0337WHFKQLTXHVDUHRIWZRW\SHVVXFKDVDQDORJFLUFXLWDQGGLJLWDOFLUFXLW3UHIHUHQFH
RI0337WHFKQLTXHVLVDOVRGHSHQGHQWXSRQWKHIDFWWKDWVRPHXVHUVDUHFRPIRUWDEOHZLWKDQDORJWHFKQLTXHVZKLOH
RWKHUVOLNHWKHGLJLWDOWHFKQLTXHV+HQFHWKH0337WHFKQLTXHVDUHFODVVLILHGEDVHGRQW\SHRIXVHGFLUFXLWU\ DQDORJ
RUGLJLWDO XVHG
ĂͿ According to Cost
6RPH DSSOLFDWLRQV QHHG DFFXUDWH 0337 DQG FRVW LV QRW DQ LVVXH VXFK DV VRODU YHKLFOHV LQGXVWU\ ODUJHVFDOH
UHVLGHQWLDO%XWVRPHV\VWHPVOLNHVPDOOUHVLGHQWLDODSSOLFDWLRQVZDWHUSXPSLQJIRULUULJDWLRQHWFQHHGDVLPSOH
DQG FKHDS 0337 WHFKQLTXH ([SHQVLYH DSSOLFDWLRQV JHQHUDOO\ XVH DGYDQFHG DQG FRPSOH[ FLUFXLWU\ EHFDXVH
DFFXUDF\ DQG IDVW UHVSRQVH DUH PDLQ SULRULWLHV WKHUH &RQVLGHULQJ WKH DERYH IDFWV WKH 0337 WHFKQLTXHV DUH
FDWHJRUL]HG WDNLQJ LQWRDFFRXQW WKHFRVWLQYROYHG IRUGHVLJQLQJ WKH 0337 FLUFXLW ,WLV YHU\ GLIILFXOW WR SURYLGH
H[DFWH[SHQVHVLQEXLOGLQJHDFK0337FLUFXLWGXHWRXQDYDLODELOLW\RIFRVWGDWDE\WKHGHYHORSHU
b) According Algorithms
,WLVSRSXODUDQGPDWKHPDWLFDOO\DSSOLFDEOHFRPSDUDWLYHWHFKQLTXHLQZLGHXVHLQHYHU\39V\VWHPXVHGFRXQWULHV
0337 WHFKQLTXH LV PDWKHPDWLFDOO\ FDOFXODWHG ZLWK WKH KHOS RI DOJRULWKP DQG FDQ FRPSDUH WR WKH HIILFLHQF\ RI
0337,WFDQEHXVHGXQGHUGLIIHUHQWFRQGLWLRQVRIDWPRVSKHUHDQGZHDWKHUFRQGLWLRQV

90337$/*25,7+06

$ VOLJKW SHUWXUEDWLRQ LV LQWURGXFHG LQ WKLV DOJRULWKP 7KH SHUWXUEDWLRQ FDXVHV WKH SRZHU RI WKH VRODU PRGXOHWR
FKDQJHFRQWLQXRXVO\,IWKHSRZHULQFUHDVHVGXHWRWKHSHUWXUEDWLRQWKHQWKHSHUWXUEDWLRQLVFRQWLQXHGLQWKHVDPH
GLUHFWLRQ7KHSRZHUDWWKHQH[WLQVWDQWGHFUHDVHVDIWHUWKHSHDNSRZHULVUHDFKHGDQGDIWHUWKDWWKHSHUWXUEDWLRQ
UHYHUVHV7KHDOJRULWKPRVFLOODWHVDURXQGWKHSHDNSRLQWZKHQWKHVWHDG\VWDWHLVUHDFKHG7KHSHUWXUEDWLRQVL]HLV
NHSW YHU\ VPDOO LQ RUGHU WR NHHS WKH SRZHU YDULDWLRQ VPDOO 7KH DOJRULWKP FDQ EH HDVLO\ XQGHUVWRRG E\ WKH
IROORZLQJIORZFKDUWZKLFKLVVKRZQLQILJXUH


Special Issue NCRTEEFOSS-2016 203 ISSN: 2319 – 1058
International Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology (IJIET)



)LJ3HUWXUEDQG2EVHUYH$OJRULWKP
7KH DOJRULWKP LV GHYHORSHG LQ VXFK D PDQQHU WKDW LW VHWV D UHIHUHQFH YROWDJH RI WKH PRGXOH
FRUUHVSRQGLQJWR WKH SHDN YROWDJH RI WKH PRGXOH $ 3, FRQWUROOHU LV XVHG WR PRYH WKH RSHUDWLQJ SRLQW RI WKH
PRGXOHWRWKDWSDUWLFXODUYROWDJHOHYHO,WLVREVHUYHGWKDWWKHUHLVVRPHSRZHUORVVGXHWRWKLVSHUWXUEDWLRQDQGLW
DOVR IDLOV WR WUDFN WKH SRZHU XQGHU IDVW YDU\LQJDWPRVSKHULFFRQGLWLRQV%XW VWLOO WKLV DOJRULWKPLV YHU\SRSXODU
EHFDXVHRILWVVLPSOLFLW\
9,,1&5(0(17$/&21'8&7$1&( ,& $/*25,7+0

,QFUHPHQWDO &RQGXFWDQFH ,&  PHWKRG RYHUFRPHV WKH GLVDGYDQWDJH RI WKH SHUWXUE DQG REVHUYH PHWKRG LQ
WUDFNLQJWKHSHDNSRZHUXQGHUIDVWYDU\LQJDWPRVSKHULFFRQGLWLRQ7KLVPHWKRGFDQGHWHUPLQHZKHWKHUWKH0337
KDV UHDFKHG WKH 033 DQG DOVR VWRSV SHUWXUELQJWKH RSHUDWLQJSRLQW ,I WKLVFRQGLWLRQLV QRW PHW WKHGLUHFWLRQLQ
ZKLFKWKH0337RSHUDWLQJSRLQWPXVWEHSHUWXUEHGFDQEHFDOFXODWHGXVLQJWKHUHODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQGOG9DQG±
,9
7KLVUHODWLRQVKLSLVGHULYHGIURPWKH IDFWWKDWG3G9LV QHJDWLYHZKHQWKH0337LVWRWKHULJKWRI WKH
033DQGSRVLWLYHZKHQLWLVWRWKHOHIWRIWKH0337KLVDOJRULWKPGHWHUPLQHVZKHQWKH0337KDVUHDFKHGWKH
033 ZKHUH DV SHUWXUEDQGREVHUYHRVFLOODWHV DURXQG WKH 033 7KLV LV FOHDUO\ DQ DGYDQWDJH RYHU 3 2 $OVR
LQFUHPHQWDOFRQGXFWDQFHFDQWUDFNUDSLGO\LQFUHDVLQJDQGGHFUHDVLQJLUUDGLDQFHFRQGLWLRQVZLWKKLJKHUDFFXUDF\


Special Issue NCRTEEFOSS-2016 204 ISSN: 2319 – 1058
International Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology (IJIET)


WKDQSHUWXUEDQGREVHUYHPHWKRG7KHGLVDGYDQWDJHRIWKLVDOJRULWKPLVWKDWLWLVPRUHFRPSOH[ZKHQFRPSDUHG
WR SHUWXUEDQGREVHUYH 7KHDOJRULWKPFDQEH HDVLO\XQGHUVWRRGE\WKH IROORZLQJIORZFKDUW ZKLFKLV VKRZQLQ
ILJXUH

 
)LJ,QFUHPHQWDO&RQGXFWDQFH$OJRULWKPV
9DULRXV SDUDPHWHUV RI WKH 39 DUUD\ DUH GHWHUPLQHG DQG FKRVHQ 6HULHV UHVLVWDQFH 5V  LV LWHUDWLYHO\
FKRVHQ E\ LQFUHPHQWLQJ IURP ]HUR YDOXH 'HFUHDVLQJ WKH YDOXH RI SDUDOOHO UHVLVWDQFH 5 S  WRR PXFK ZLOO OHDG
µ9RF¶WRGHFUHDVHDQGLQFUHDVLQJWKHYDOXHRIVHULHVUHVLVWDQFH 5V WRRPXFKZLOOOHDGµ,VF¶WRGURSµ,R¶VWURQJO\
GHSHQGVRQWKHWHPSHUDWXUHDQGKHQFHWKHVLPXODWLRQFLUFXLWRIµ,R¶LQFOXGHV.YDQG.LZKLFKDUHWKHYROWDJHDQG
FXUUHQWFRHIILFLHQWV
3DUDPHWHU6SHFLILFDWLRQV2?RIZ390RGXOH

3DUDPHWHUV 6SHFLILFDWLRQV
2SHQFLUFXLWYROWDJH 9RF 9
6KRUWFLUFXLWFXUUHQW ,VF $
0D[LPXPRXWSXW SRZHU :
9ROWDJHDWPD[LPXP SRZHU 9
&XUUHQWDWPD[LPXP SRZHU $

7KH OLJKW JHQHUDWHG E\ WKH 39 LV PRGHOHG DV DQ HTXLYDOHQW FXUUHQW VRXUFH 7KH YDULRXV HTXDWLRQV
GHVFULELQJWKH39DUUD\FKDUDFWHULVWLFVDUHPRGHOHG

9,,&203$5,621%(7:((13 2$1',1&5(0(17$/&21'8&7$1&(0337$/*25,7+06

7KH SHUWXUEDQGREVHUYHDQG ,QFUHPHQWDO&RQGXFWDQFH 0337 DOJRULWKPVDUH VLPXODWHG DQG FRPSDUHG


XVLQJWKHVDPHFRQGLWLRQV:KHQDWPRVSKHULFFRQGLWLRQVDUHFRQVWDQWRUFKDQJHVORZO\WKHSHUWXUEDQGREVHUYH
0337RVFLOODWHVFORVHWR033EXW,QFUHPHQWDO&RQGXFWDQFHILQGVWKH033 DFFXUDWHO\DW FKDQJLQJDWPRVSKHULF
FRQGLWLRQVDOVR&RPSDULVRQVEHWZHHQWKHWZRDOJRULWKPVIRUYDULRXVSDUDPHWHUVDUHJLYHQLQWDEOH


Special Issue NCRTEEFOSS-2016 205 ISSN: 2319 – 1058
International Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology (IJIET)


7DEOH&RPSDULVRQEHWZHHQ3 2DQG,QFUHPHQWDOFRQGXFWDQFH0337$OJRULWKPV
0337 2XWSXW 2XWSXW 2XWSXW 7LPH $FFXUDF\ 
&XUUHQW 9ROWDJH 3RZHU 5HVSRQ
VH
3 20337 $   VHF /H 
 :
,Q& 0337 $ 9 : VHF $FFXUDWH 

9,,,03377(&+1,48($33/,&$7,21
7KH IROORZLQJ WHFKQLTXHV DUH VRPH RI WKH ZLGHO\ XVHG 0337 WHFKQLTXHV DSSOLHG RQ YDULRXV 39
DSSOLFDWLRQVVXFKDVVSDFHVDWHOOLWHVRODUYHKLFOHVDQGVRODUZDWHUSODQWVDQGVRRQ6RODUWHFKQRORJLHVDUHWHVWHG
DQG YDOLGDWHG E\ WKH 1DWLRQDO 5HQHZDEOH (QHUJ\ /DERUDWRU\ 86$ 0337V DUH SULPDULO\ PDQXIDFWXUHG LQ
*HUPDQ\-DSDQ0DLQODQG&KLQD7DLZDQDQG86$6RPHRIWKHSUDFWLFDODSSOLFDWLRQVRI0337WHFKQLTXHVDUHLQ
WKHVRODUZDWHUSXPSLQJV\VWHP
,;&21&/86,21
$PRQJ PDQ\ SDUDPHWHUV WR FRPSDUH GLIIHUHQW WHFKQLTXHV DOJRULWKP WHFKQLTXH LV RQH RI WKH EHVW
PDWKHPDWLFDO PRGHOV LQ XVH EDVHG RQ IHDWXUHV OLNH FRQWURO YDULDEOHV LQYROYHG DQG W\SH RI FRQWURO VWUDWHJLHV
FLUFXLWU\ DQG PDNLQJ FRVW VR RQ ,Q WKLV SDSHU DOJRULWKP LV XVHG WR FRPSDUH WKH SHUWXUE DQG REVHUYH DQG
,QFUHPHQWDO FRQGXFWDQFH ZLWK D PDWKHPDWLFDO PRGHO RI D : SKRWRYROWDLF SDQHO KDV EHHQ GHYHORSHG 7KLV
PRGHO LV XVHG IRU WKH PD[LPXP SRZHU SRLQW WUDFNLQJ DOJRULWKPV 7KH SHUWXUE DQG REVHUYH DQG ,QFUHPHQWDO
FRQGXFWDQFH 0337DOJRULWKPV DUHGLVFXVVHG DQGSUHVHQWHG ,WLVSURYHG WKDW,QFUHPHQWDOFRQGXFWDQFHPHWKRG
KDVEHWWHUSHUIRUPDQFHWKDQ SHUWXUEDQGREVHUYHDOJRULWKP7KHVH DOJRULWKPVLPSURYHWKHG\QDPLFV DQG VWHDG\
VWDWH SHUIRUPDQFH RI WKH SKRWRYROWDLF V\VWHP DV ZHOO DV LW LPSURYHV WKH HIILFLHQF\ RI WKH GFGF FRQYHUWHU
V\VWHP

5()(5(1&(6

>@ KWWSVZZZVRODUHOHFWULFFRPPSSWVRODUFKDUJHFRQWUROOHUVKWPO
>@ -XPSXSA"A Survey of Maximum PPT techniques of PV Systems - IEEE Xplore" (PDF). Retrieved 2016-1
>@ ' 3 +RKP 0 ( 5RSS “Comparative Study of Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithms Using anExperimental,
Programmable, Maximum Power Point Tracking Test Bed”, 0-7803-5772-8/00,IEEE,
>@ 1 3RQJUDWDQDQXNXO DQG 7 .DVSDULV “Tool for Automated Simulation of Solar Arrays Using General- Purpose Simulators,” in IEEE
Conference Proceedings  
>@ 7ULVKDQ (VUDP, DQG 3DWULFN / &KDSPDQ, „Comparison of Photovoltaic Array Maximum PowerPointTracking Techniques,ࣔ IEEE
Transactions on Energy Conversion, 22 (2), 
>@ +DLUXO 1LVVDK =DLQXGLQ 6DDG 0HNKLOHI „Comparison Study of Maximum Power Point Tracker Techniques for PV Systems,ࣔ
th
Proc. 14 International Middle East Power Systems Conference (MEPCONࣔ10)&DLUR8QLYHUVLW\(J\SW





Special Issue NCRTEEFOSS-2016 206 ISSN: 2319 – 1058

You might also like