Chapter 4 Final

Chapter 4
METHODOLOGY
This chapter will explain in detail the research methods and the
methodology implemented for this study. The chapter will explain about the
requirement analysis as specified Performance Requirement, Safety
Requirement, and Security Requirement. This also talk about the system
design that will be explain through the System Development Life Cycle
(SDLC), Project Consideration/Issues/Tools, software/hardware requirement
specification. It will also be illustrated by the different type of chart and
diagram. These are GANTT chart, PERT chart, system flowchart, context
diagram, dataflow diagram and etc.
Requirement Analysis
After gathering the information needed for the study, researchers will
specify the requirements needed, what is the purpose of the development
project for it to become a realistic and successful. The researchers will
consider the specifications (performance, safety, security) in order to run the
proposed system without any major flaws.
Table 3: Performance, Safety & Security Requirement

Performance Requirements
Scalability and Workload The proposed system should
accommodate and entertain all the
verified users.
Responsiveness The proposed system will allocate a
response time upon loading of web
pages in less than 20 seconds.

Safety Requirements
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Software Error The proposed system must be free
of syntax, logical and run-time errors
before the implementation.

Hardware Failures The proposed system needs to have
an UPS (Uninterrupted Power
Supply) in case of power/electricity
loss for preventing data loss.

Security Requirements
Sensitive Data Exposure To use a certain features of the
proposed system, the users must
authenticate themselves by giving or
providing a username and
password. The proposed system will
automatically perform a log out
session if the user lack of using the
system in 30 minutes.
System Design
The Application of QR Code Based Algorithm for Learning and
Development Management System: The case of Civil Service Commission,
Philippines will be using the web page, it is a hypertext-base system. This
research is a Developmental-Descriptive case type of research in which the
proponents conducted interviews to see what problem are the Civil Service
Commission was facing. After analyzing the data gathered during the
interview the proponents decided to make a system wherein it will solve the
problem Civil Service Commission was facing. Then, evaluated it through
testing and a survey afterwards deployed it.
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System Development Life Cycle
The proponents use the iterative model in developing the system. The
iterative model is a particular implementation of a software development life
cycle (SDLC) that focuses on an initial, simplified implementation, which then
progressively gains more complexity and a broader feature set until the final
system is complete. It is important to follow the right steps to come up with a
good output.
The initialization phase is where the brainstorming of the proponents
happened regarding to what might the problems that are possible to
encounter by the Application of QR Code Based Algorithm for Learning and
Development Management System: The case of Civil Service Commission.
Philippines.
Planning and Requirements
33
This phase is where the first thing to do in developing a project. Going
through the initial planning to determine the specification of documents, the
software and hardware requirement.
According to the interview conducted by the researchers, they
determine the existing process and the problem that the Civil Service
Commission encountered regarding the keeping of data’s like the reservation,
attendance, and other data that need to be maintained. Solving the minor and
major problems of the proposed system are by planning the features needed.
Adding some functions that will minimize the work of the employee is also
planned.
Table 4: Test, Security, Maintenance Plan

Test Plan Objectives What to test
Usability Testing To test the functionality The employees, the
and features of the announcement,
proposed system. request reservation,
the annual report and
attendance of the
participants.
Interface Testing To develop a friendly user The interface of the
system. system if it suits to
the eye of the client
.
Security Plan Objectives What to test
User Level Access To prevent the User access
Control reservation of restriction in the
unauthorized person to system
34
the training and programs
need.
Sensitive Data To make sure the security The OR code of every
Exposure and accessibility of the user/participants, the
data between the users. forms to be full up by
the participants/client.
Maintenance Plan Objectives What to Test
Database Backup and To have backups of the The set time of the
Restore database, and easily backup of the
restore it. database and
restoring it to the
system.
Analysis and Design
For this phase, the proponents review some systems that may help to
enhance the techniques and tools that will be used in developing the system
for the Civil Service Commission Training Program reservation for instance
the programming language, objected-oriented, database and other related
system about the reservation. This phase will help boost the implementation
phase for enhancing the quality/feature of the system.
The design phase is where the methodology for development the
system or the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) has been recognize.
The proponents choose the Iterative model to represent the flow of the
process on how the system will be a success. The proponents also design a
different model or diagram which is needed for the graphically representation
of the system such as the context diagram and data flow diagram. The
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context diagram is the overview of the organizational outline of the system. It
illustrates the boundaries, external entities, and the major information flows of
the system and the entities. While the data flow diagram is the breakdown of
the context diagram. The context diagram and data flow diagram of the
proposed system is composed of three accounts of the system the Super
Admin, Admin, and the Participants.
Implementation
As the planning and analysis has been carried out, the implementation
and coding phase has begun. The documentation of the design, planning and
specification are being applied into the initial iteration of the project.
The planning has now done, gathering all the needed requirements,
reviewing some related systems, designing the proposed system, normalizing
the database design, and others. The proponent started implementing all the
plans that was stated in the diagram. The implementation phase is the
hardest one in developing the system, the proponents needs to interpret the
right logic for implementing all the needed process and come up with the
desire system.
Testing
To ensure that all the process has been implemented, the proponent’s
prototype will undergo a sequence of testing procedure to locate and identify
the potential bugs of issues that make cause a problem in the future. The
proponent conducted a testing for both the client and the developer. The
testing of the client will check if the system is a user-friendly and if it lacks of
process or not, for they are the one who will use the system and they are the
36
one who knows what are the process needed. The testing of the developer
will check if there are bugs in the system, for them to easily locate where the
error is that need to be fix or they need to fix since they are the one who
coded the proposed system.
To determine the reliability of one’s study, the most common
instrument used is thru survey questionnaire for gathering data. To test the
internal consistency of test items, the proponents conduct a survey with thirty
(30) random employee from different offices.
One of the most popular method measuring the internal consistency or
reliability of survey questionnaires or test items is Cronbach’s Alpha Reliability
Test. On a study of A Review on Sample Size Determination for Cronbach’s
Alpha Test: A Simple Guide for Researchers by Bujang (2018), et al. explains
that the value of Cronbach’s alpha ranges from zero to one with the higher
values implying the items are measuring the same dimension. In contrary, if
the Cronbach’s alpha value is low (near to 0), it means some or all of the
items are not measuring the same dimension. This means that test items are
not reliably consistent from one another. To determine that the instrument is
reliably consistent, it must be 0.7 considering it is the minimum range of
Cronbach’s Alpha but some discussions state that 0.6 is considered
acceptably reliable (Graupera, 2017). Moreover, instances that low number of
items will always result to low rating. To have a more valid result, is much
more reliable to calculate the correlation between items in this situation.
Table 5: Result of the Alpha Testing

Indicator Result
A. Reliability 0.69
B. Maintainability 0.78
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C. Usability 0.88
D. Functionality 0.82
E. Security 0.85
Total Average of the Alpha Testing 0.80
The total average for the Alpha testing is 0.80, which means that it
reaches the need percentage for it to be validated and to be used for the beta
testing.
Evaluation
This phase is to evaluate the software standards that will measure the
systems functionality, efficiency, usability, reliability, portability and
maintainability. The proponent’s will be measuring the system using the data
gathered from the testing phase of the clients.
After completing the Alpha test, the proponent run a beta testing to
evaluate the system. This phase, the proponents conducted a test to the
identified respondent which is admin aides in HRMO division in Civil Service
Commission (CSC) Regional Office No. VIII and some participants during the
actual training held at CSC. The result of the survey will be presented and
discussed in a form of pie chart and summary of feedbacks.
A. Reliability
Concise information about the training
33%
67%
Not Functional Slightly Functional Functional Mostly Functional Fully Functional
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Figure 5.0: Result of question #1
Figure 5.0 shows the result of the Reliability category for question # 1
is about the information of training that is being inputted if it is concise and
true. The not functional qualitative description option shows 0% it means that
out of 30 respondent none of them voted. The 33% of the votes are for mostly
functional qualitative description option and 67% is the fully functional
qualitative description option. This only state that more than half of the
respondent agreed that the information inputted to the system about the
training is concise and true.
Unique QR Code for every Participants
100%
The figure 5.1 displays that 100% of the respondent voted the fully
functional qualitative description option. Thus, this means that 100% of the
QR code released by the system is unique to each other.
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Resources are Accurate
23%
47%
30%
For the figure 5.2, the result of question # 3 of reliability category state
that 0% of the respondent voted for not functional qualitative description
option. 47% of the votes came from functional qualitative description
option, and 30 % is from mostly functional qualitative description option.
The 23% is from fully functional qualitative description option where it has
the 2nd place from the lowest votes. It only means that almost half of the
respondent agree that the resources of the system is accurate but have a
slight lack.
Notifies the Users if Invalid data is Inputted
33%
67%
Figure 5.3 for reliability category the result for question # 4 has 67%
votes from fully functional, and 33% from mostly functional. This shows
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that all the respondent agreed that the system notifies the user if invalid
data is inputted.
B. Maintainability
Bugs can be easily Recognized
23%
37%
40%
The figure 6.0 shows the result of question # 1 for the maintainability
category is that all of respondent agreed to the statement that the bugs in
the system can be easily recognized. 23% of the votes came from fully
functional, 40% from mostly functional and 37% from functional.
System can be easily tested
3%
97%
category wherein there is 3% results of mostly functional qualitative
description option and 97% of fully functional qualitative description option.
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To sum it up from this results, all respondents agreed to the statement
from the respondents that the system can be easily tested.
System runs even if Modification has been made
33%
67%
category wherein 33% voted for mostly functional qualitative description
option and there is 67% for the fully functional qualitative description
option based from the results of the respondents. With this result, it shows
that the system can runs even if modification has been made.
C. Usability
All pages runs without any problem
23%
43%
33%
The figure 7.0 shows the result of question # 1 for the usability
category wherein 44% voted for functional qualitative description option,
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33% voted for the mostly functional qualitative description option and 24%
voted for the fully functional qualitative description option based from the
results of the respondents. With this result, it shows that all respondents
agreed that all the pages of the system are running without any problems.
Menus and Buttons are working Accordingly and Effectively
20%
80%
category wherein 20% voted for mostly functional qualitative description
option and 80% voted for the fully functional qualitative description option
based from the respondents rating. From this result, it shows that all
respondents agreed that the menus and button are working accordingly
and effectively.
System tracks data/documents
27%
33%
40%
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category wherein there are 33% voted for the functional qualitative
description option, then 40% voted for the mostly functional qualitative
description option based and 27% voted for fully functional qualitative
description option from the results of the respondents in the system from
the tracking data or processing documents are functioning. It only means
that all of the respondents agreed that the system tracks the overall data
or processed documents.
System error free
13%
27%
60%
description option, 60% voted for the mostly functional qualitative
description option and 13% voted for fully functional qualitative description
option based from the respondents rating. Therefore, it shows that based
from the results above, all respondents agreed that the system is error
free.
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User-friendly
10%
90%
category wherein there are 10% voted for the mostly functional qualitative
description option and 90% voted for the fully functional qualitative
description option based from the respondents rating. It only means that
the UI of the system is a user-friendly type and with that it shows that all
respondents agreed from it.
System is pleasant to the eye of the user
43%
57%
category wherein there are 43% voted for the mostly functional qualitative
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description option. With this result, it shows that the system is pleasant to
the eye of the user because all of the respondents agreed from it based
from the rating itself.
System is Responsive
23%
77%
category. There are 23% voted for the mostly functional qualitative
description option and 77% voted for fully functional qualitative description
option. Therefore, it only means that the system is responsive based from
the result of the respondents
D. Functionality
Compatible to all devices using web-browers
13%
33%
53%
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The figure 8.0 shows the result of question # 1 for the functionality
description option, then 53% voted for the mostly functional qualitative
option and 13% voted for the fully functional qualitative description option
based from the respondents rating. With this result, it means that the
system is compatible to all device using web browser and with that it
shows that all respondents agreed from the chart above.
Sends notification and QR code after Registering
17% 17%
67%
description option, then, 67% voted for the mostly functional qualitative
description option based from the respondents rating. Therefore, the
functionality of the system does not have a problem when it comes to
sending notifications and QR code after registration. And with that, the
result above shows that all respondents agreed from it.
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System run-time is smooth and fast
100%
category wherein 100% voted for the fully functional qualitative description
option based from the respondents rating. It only means that all
respondents agreed that the system run-time is smooth and fast.
Buttons Functioning accordingly
47%
53%
category wherein 47% voted for the mostly functional qualitative
description option based from the respondents rating. With this result, it
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shows that all respondents agreed that the system is functioning
accordingly specifically the buttons, menus and other control.
QR Code scanner recognizes the QR code fast
3%
40%
57%
category wherein 4.0% voted for the mostly functional qualitative
description option based from the respondents rating. Therefore with this
result, it only means that all respondents agreed that the QR code scanner
recognizes the QR code fast and with that, the user can easily scanned
their QR code.
E. Security
System ask for username and password
100%
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The figure 9.0 shows the result of question # 1 for the security category
wherein 100% voted for the fully functional qualitative description option
based from the respondents rating. With this result, it shows that all
respondents agreed that the system is fully functioning every time the
system asks for a username and password for security.
System verifies the account of every users
100%
based from the respondents rating. Therefore, it shows that all respondents
agreed that the system is fully functioned in the account of every user’s
verification.
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All documents and data are secured by the system
based from the respondents rating. Therefore, with this result, it shows that all
respondents agreed that the system is fully functioning and all data and
documents are secured.
To determine the point of scaling for every question, likert Scale, a five-
point scaling was used, in order for the respondents to avoid confusion on
answering and to provide an accurate comparison for every question given in
the evaluation. The table below shows the result for the beta testing.
Table 6: Result of the Beta Testing

Indicator Mean Q. Description
Reliability
1 The information about the training are
4.66 HC
true and concise
2 The QR code of every participants are
4.96 HC
unique
3 The resources of the system are accurate 3.76 C
4 The system informs/notifies the user if
4.76 HC
invalid data is inputted
Sub mean: 4.51 HC
Maintainability
1 The bugs in the system can be easily
3.8 C
recognize
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2 The system can be tested easily 4.8 HC
3 The system can run if changes has been
3.93 C
than
Sub mean: 4.37 HC
Usability
1 All the pages of the system are running
3.8 C
without any problem
2 The menus and button are working
4.8 HC
accordingly and effectively
3 The system tracks the overall data/
3.93 C
processed documents
4 The system run without error 3.86 C
5 The system is a user-friendly type 4.90 HC
6 The interface of the system is pleasant to
4.56 HC
the eye
7 The system is responsive 4.67 HC
Sub mean: 4.37 HC
Functionality
1 The system is compatible to all device
3.8 C
using web browser
2 The system send notification and QR
4 C
code after registering
3 The system run-time is smooth and fast 5 HC
4 Buttons, menus and other are functioning
4.53 HC
accordingly
5 The QR code scanner recognizes the QR 4.36
HC
code fast
Sub mean: 4.34 HC
Security
1 The system asks for a username and
3.86 C
password
2 The system verifies the account of every
4.96 HC
users
3 All data/documents are secured by the
4.66 HC
system
Sub mean: 4.5 HC
TOTAL MEAN FOR THE BETA TESTING: 4.55 HC
Deployment
After evaluating the system from functionality to maintainability, the
proponents are now ready to deploy the system to the client. The proponent
will explain the system to the client and user on what are the functionality and
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others of the system, they will be explaining from the security to maintenance
of the system to the clients.
QR Code Algorithm
The QR code format was created in 1994 by Japanese
company Denso-Wave, which is a subsidiary of Toyota that manufactures
auto components. The standard is defined in ISO/IEC 18004:2006. The use of
QR codes is license-free.
The smallest QR codes are 21x21 pixels, and the largest are 177x177. The
sizes are called versions. The 21x21 pixel size is version 1, 25x25 is version
2, and so on. The 177x177 size is version 40.
In addition, QR codes include error correction: when you encode the
QR code, you also create some redundant data that will help a QR reader
accurately read the code even if part of it is unreadable. There are four levels
of error correction that you can choose from. The lowest is L, which allows the
code to be read even if 7% of it is unreadable. After that is M, which provides
15% error correction, then Q, which provides 25%, and finally H, which
provides 30%.
The capacity of a given QR code depends on the version and error
correction level, as well as on the type of data that you are encoding. There
are four data modes that a QR code can encode: numeric, alphanumeric,
binary, or Kanji.
The symbol used for error correction of QR code.
k
Px( a)=∑ xi ai−1
i=1
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The researchers uses the algorithm for encoding and decoding of QR
code with the used of Reed Solomon code. This is to enable the system to
read even if the QR code is 7%, 15% and soon is not readable for scanning.
General Overview
Step 1: Data Analysis
A QR code encodes a string of text. The QR standard has four modes
for encoding text: numeric, alphanumeric, byte, and Kanji. Each mode
encodes the text as a string of bits (1s and 0s), but each mode uses a
different method for converting the text into bits, and each encoding method is
optimized to encode the data with the shortest possible string of bits.
Therefore, your first step should be to perform data analysis to determine
whether your text can be encoded in numeric, alphanumeric, byte, or Kanji
mode, then select the most optimal mode for your text.
Step 2: Data Encoding
Now that you have selected the appropriate encoding mode for your
text, the next step is to encode the text. The data encoding section describes
this process in detail for each encoding mode. The result of this step is a
string of bits that is split up into data code words that are each 8 bits long.
Step 3: Error Correction Encoding
As explained above, QR codes use error correction. This means that
after you create the string of data bits that represent your text, you must then
use those bits to generate error correction code words using a process called
Reed-Solomon error correction.
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QR scanners read both the data code words and the error correction
code words. By comparing the two, the scanner can determine if it read the
data correctly, and it can correct errors if it did not read the data correctly.
Step 4: Structure Final Message
The data and error correction code words generated in the previous steps
must now be arranged in the proper order. For large QR codes, the data and
error correction code words are generated in blocks, and these blocks must
be interleaved according to the QR code specification. This process is
explained in the structure final message section.
Step 5: Module Placement in Matrix
After generating the data code words and error correction code words
and arranging them in the correct order, you must place the bits in the QR
code matrix. The code words are arranged in the matrix in a specific way.
During this step, you will also place the patterns that are common to all QR
codes, such as the boxes on the three corners.
Step 6: Data Masking
Certain patterns in the QR code matrix can make it difficult for QR code
scanners to correctly read the code. To counteract this, the QR code
specification defines eight mask patterns, each of which alters the QR code
according to a particular pattern. You must determine which of these mask
patterns results in the QR code with the fewest undesirable traits. This is done
by evaluating each masked matrix based on four penalty rules. Your final QR
code must use the mask pattern that resulted in the lowest penalty score.
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Step 7: Format and Version Information
The final step is to add format and (if necessary) version information to
the QR code by adding pixels in particular areas of the code that were left
blank in previous steps. The format pixels identify the error correction level
and mask pattern being used in this QR code. The version pixels encode the
size of the QR matrix and are only used in larger QR codes. [ CITATION Tho15 \l
1033 ]
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GANNT Chart of the Proposed
57
58
List of the Activities with the Predecessor
1 19 -
2 3 1
3 2 2
4 4 2
5 3 3 ,4
6 6 4
7 4 6
8 9 5, 7
9 4 8
10 20 8
11 20 9
12 4 11
13 14 12
14 11 13
15 76 3
16 2 15
17 21 16
18 16 17
19 1 17
20 29 19
21 49 19
22 5 21
23 5 21
24 4 23
25 6 22
26 4 25
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PERT CHART OF THE PROPSED SYSTEM
60
System Flow Chart
Create Account
(Admin, Participants)
Start G
Homepage
A
(System User Admin? Participant?
Interface)
Display
Create Account? Registration Display
Form Create Account? Registration
Form
Enter Name,
Display Login Ldms_db Enter Name,
Email, Display Login
Form Email,
Ldms_db Password, Form
Position, Password,
Region Position,
Region
Enter Email
and Enter Email
Password Display and
Successfully Password Display
Created Account Successfully
Created Account
Verify Email and

Ldms_db Verify Email and
Password Ldms_db
Password
Display Admin Display

True?
Dashboard True? Participant
Dashboard
B
C
Login Invalid Login Invalid
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Super Admin
A G G
Superadmin? Logs?
Display Login
Display Logs
Form
Enter Email
and View Details
Password
Verify Email and Ldms_db

Password
Display Details
Display
True? Superadmin
Dashboard
62
Continuation of Admin
B
Add Training D
Repository Vie w Users
Program?
Display List of
Users
Display Form Display Form
Enter Title Vie w user details

Facilitator
No..of Slots Enter Title
Date Start Choose File
Date End
Description
Display User
Details
Display Admin
Save? Display Form Save?
Dashboard
Update User
Details
Successfully
Display Form
Added Validate Data Error Message
Save to
Ldms_db Ldms_db database?
63
Continuation of Participants
64
C F
Register? Repository? Trainings?
Display Display Names

Registration of documents Display Trainings
Form
Enter Enter Email Select The

Ldms_db Training to and Download? training you
be attended password reserve
Search Your
Verify Email and Name
Decrement slot Render? Ldms_db
Password
Generate QR code
Download Found?
Successful
Send Email to
the
participants for
verification
65
D
Settings Attendance?
Display Pending
Logout Attendance
A.M? P.M
Destroy
Logout Approve
Sessions
Scan QR code
View
G Sucessfully
Created Verify QR code Ldms_db
Attendance
Display User
Datails Redirect to
True?
attendance sheet
for time in and out
Update
Successfully
Time in?
Time in
Validate Data Error Message

C Already Have a
QR code
Save to
database?
66
67
F
Live streaming Logout? End
Broadcast of live
stream with flash Destroy
Logout
media encoder Sessions
Flash Media Server
Watching of
live strem
Download data
Ldms_db
from database
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No
D
Settings Attendance?
H
Yes Yes
No
Display Pending
No
Logout Attendance
No
Yes A.M? P.M
No
Destroy Yes
Logout Approve
Continuation of Admin Sessions
Yes
Scan QR code
Yes
View
G Sucessfully
No
Created Verify QR code Ldms_db
Yes Attendance
Yes
Display User
Datails Redirect to
True? Error Message
attendance sheet
for time in and out
Yes
No No
Update
Successfully
Time in?
Time in
Yes
yes
Validate Data Error Message No

C Already Have a Yes
QR code
No
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Yes Save to
database?
Context Diagram of the Proposed System
70
Data Flow Diagram of the Proposed System for ADMIN
71
Data Flow Diagram of the Proposed System for PARTICIPANT
72
Data Flow Diagram of the Proposed System for SUPER ADMIN
73
74
75
Program Consideration
 The system is a web-based system. It only runs through online using
the web browser.
 For creating an account for admin, the user will fill in the needed
information for creating an account.
 For the new participant, the user will fill up the registration form and the
system will send a verification code through email. After sending
verification code, the system will generate a user ID for the participant.
 Upon accessing attendance, the admin will create available training
program together with the slots for the training program
 After the registration, helshe will put their user lD to the form for them
to access the page wherein it shows the available training program,
slots for the training and the details of the training.
 Then upon reservation, the system will send QR Code to their email
that will serve as their identity for taking attendance.
Program Issues
The common system issues that many researchers deal with are to
maintain the system stability in terms of accuracy and dependable of security.
For the proposed system to be able to work or use at ease, its front end must
be a friendly user and in terms of back end it must have a large amount of
space for storage.
Program Tools
 PHP (Hypertext Pmprocessor) - is mainly focused on server-side
scripting, so you can do anything any other CGI program can do, such
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as collect form data, generate dynamic page content, or send and
receive cookies. But PHP can do much more. There are three main
areas where PHP scripts are used. First is, Server-side scripting. This
is the most traditional and main target field for PHP. Second,
Command line scripting. You can make a PHP script to run it without
any server or browser. And lastly, writing desktop applications. PHP
can be used on all major operating systems, including Linux, many
Unix variants (including HP-UX, Solaris and OpenBSD), Microsoft
Windows, Mac OS X, RISC OS, and probably others. PHP has also
support for most of the web servers today. This includes Apache, IIS,
and many others. And this includes any web server that can utilize the
FastCGI PHP binary, like lighttpd and nginx. PHP works as either a
module, or as a CGI processor. So with PHP, you have the freedom of
choosing an operating system and a web server. Furthermore, you also
have the choice of using procedural programming or object oriented
programming (OOP), or a mixture of them both. With PHP you are not
limited to output HTML. PHP's abilities includes outputting images,
PDF files and even Flash movies (using libswf and Ming) generated on
the fly. You can also output easily any text, such as XHTML and any
other XML file. PHP can autogenerate these files, and save them in the
file system, instead of printing it out, forming a server-side cache for
your dynamic content.
 MySQL (My S-Q-L or My Sequel) - is a freely available open source
Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) that uses
Structured Query Language (SQL). SQL is the most popular language
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for adding, accessing and managing content in a database. It is most
noted for its quick processing, proven reliability, ease and flexibility of
use.
 HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) - is known as the Web's
modifying dialect and gives a general structure to making website
pages. All website pages are really HTML documents. HTML reports
are basically message records that contain the substance of your
website page and extraordinary guidelines called labels.
Without HTML, a browser would not know how to display text as
elements or load images or other elements.
 CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) - is responsible for the design or style of
the website, including the layout, visual effects and background color.
CSS describes how HTML elements are to be displayed on screen,
paper, or in other media. CSS saves a lot of work. It can control the
layout of multiple web pages all at once. External stylesheets are
stored in CSS files.
 JS (JavaScript) - scripts are read, interpreted and executed in the
client, which is your Web browser. By comparison, "server-side"
programming languages run on a remote computer, such as a server
hosting a website. JavaScript code is written into an HTML page. When
a user requests an HTML page with JavaScript in it, the script is sent to
the browser and it's up to the browser to do something with it.
Software Requirement Specification
 Operating System Windows 7 to higher - Some of the new
features included in Windows 7 to higher are advancements in touch,
78
speech, and handwriting recognition, support for virtual hard disks,
support for additional file formats, improved performance on multi-core
processors, improved boot performance, and kernel improvements.
 Web Browsers eq. Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox – Google Chrome
is designed to be the fastest web browser which measures the speed.
It is also a clean and simple browser which measure the simplicity of
the browser. Also chrome keeps you safe and sound with its built-in
malware and phishing protection that measure the security or privacy
of the browser. And its customize Google Chrome to make it your own.
And Mozilla Firefox is a versatile and feature-rich browser that's good
for both casual browsing and intensive research.
 Web Sewer - SeWeR is primarily designed to be hosted in Intranet and
to run as a stand-alone application in your browser. It doesn't require
any server to host itself. The goal of SeWeR is to turn your web-
browser into a powerful sequence-analysis tool.
 Internet Connection – internet is a very important tool. It is the limitless
space where people have access to pretty much infinite amounts of
information. The internet is where a large amount of knowledge comes
from. The Internet has also made access to information and
communication far easier.
Hardware Requirement Specification
Admin Hardware Requirement Specification
 QR code Scanner - is used to take a piece of information from a
transitory media and put it in to your cell phone.
79
 Printer - a device that accepts text and graphic output from a computer
and transfers the information to paper, usually to standard size sheets
of paper.
 Operating System eq. Windows 7 to above or Linux - Windows 7 is
built on the Windows Vista kernel and was intended to be an update to
the Vista OS. It uses the same Aero user interface (UI) that debuted in
Windows Vista. And Linux has a graphical interface, and types of
software you are accustomed to using on other operating systems,
such as word processing applications, have Linux equivalents.
 RAM (1663) Users Hardware Requirement Specification - is the main
memory in a computer, and it is much faster to read from and write to
than other kinds of storage, such as a hard disk drive (HDD), solid-
state drive (SSD) or optical drive. Random Access Memory is volatile.
 Desktop Computer/Laptop – is used for the making of the system.
Systems Evaluation Design
The ISO 25010:2011 Systems and software engineering- Systems and
software Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE)- System and
software quality models.
Instrument
Using the ISO 25010: 2011 Systems and software Quality
Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE), the proponent have made a survey
questionnaire that will be used for testing the system. The survey
questionnaire has 5 category which was based in the said ISO. The first
category is reliability, it shows how realible does the system need to be when
80
the user uses it to perform their task, updating the system with new content
need to be, does maintaining or porting the system need to be, the output
from the system need to be. The second category is the maintainability. This
category shows the capability of the product or system to facilitate
maintenance activities, or the quality in use experienced by the maintainers
for the goal of maintaining the product or system. The third is the usability, the
degree to which a product or system can be used by specified users to
achieve specified goals with effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction in a
specified context of use. The fourth is the functionality or the functional
suitability, is the degree to which a product or system provides functions that
meet stated and implied needs when used under specified conditions. And the
last is the security, is the degree to which a product or system protects
information and data so that persons or other products or systems have the
degree of data access appropriate to their types and levels of authorization.
Validation
To validate the survey questionnaire that was used for evaluation of the
system the researchers utilized Cronbach Alpha testing. The proponent
chosen few offices that have similar characteristics in nature. The total
respondent for the testing was thirty, fifteen were coming from the human
resource office and the other half were the usual employees that avail
different professional trainings. To confirm the validation of the testing the
weighted mean should be 0.7 in which the total weighted mean was 0.80, this
concludes that the alpha test is reliable and consistent.
81
Data Gathering Procedure
To come up with this study, the proponent conducted an interview in
the office of the Civil Service Commission. But before conducting an interview,
the proponents sent a communication letter to the office of Civil Service to
formally ask for a permission. After conducting an interview, the proponent
sent a proposal letter offering the clientele to collaborate to solve the problem
that was Civil Service was encountering. After the approval of the proposed
system, the proponent starts to interview the personnel of the HR office of the
Civil Service Commission to further understand the problem and how it can be
solved.
After analyzing the data that was gathered during the interviews, the
proponent looks into some literature that might help and connected to the
study. The proponents also study also some related system that might help
to improve the proposed system.
Statistical Tool
Getting the result of the Cronbach Alpha testing, the proponent used
the formula of Cronbach Alpha, α = ( KK−1 )∗(1− ((ΣΣ x)y ) ) .

K = is the total number of the respondent
( Σ x) = is the total score of all question
( Σ y) = is the total number of all question per respondent
a study of A Review on Sample Size Determination for Cronbach’s Alpha
Test: A Simple Guide for Researchers by Bujang (2018), et al. explains that
82
the value of Cronbach’s alpha ranges from zero to one with the higher values
implying the items are measuring the same dimension. In contrary, if the
Cronbach’s alpha value is low (near to 0), it means some or all of the items
are not measuring the same dimension. This means that test items are not
reliably consistent from one another. To determine that the instrument is
reliably consistent, it must be 0.7 considering it is the minimum range of
Cronbach’s Alpha but some discussions state that 0.6 is considered
acceptably reliable (Graupera, 2017).
In order for the researcher to know the results from the evaluation
conducted, a formula was used for computing the mean for every category of
the evaluation. A limit of scale was used as an indicator that will determine the
qualitative descriptions.
The researcher used the formula x́=∑ fw /n in computing the mean.
where:
x́ is the computed mean
∑ fw is the sum of all the scores in the set
n is the total numbers of respondents
Determining the point of scale for every question, Likert Scale, a five-
point scaling was used, in order for the respondents to avoid confusion on
answering and to provide an accurate comparison for every question given in
the evaluation.
Table 7: Likert Scale for Beta Testing
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Range Qualitative Description
4.21-5.00 Highly Complied
3.41-4.20 Complied
2.61-3.40 Average compliance
1.81-2.60 Less compliance
1.00-1.80 Not compliance
84

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Chapter 4

requirement analysis as specified Performance Requirement, Safety

(SDLC), Project Consideration/Issues/Tools, software/hardware requirement

specification. It will also be illustrated by the different type of chart and

diagram, dataflow diagram and etc.

specify the requirements needed, what is the purpose of the development

project for it to become a realistic and successful. The researchers will

consider the specifications (performance, safety, security) in order to run the

proposed system without any major flaws.

Table 3: Performance, Safety & Security Requirement

accommodate and entertain all the

response time upon loading of web

pages in less than 20 seconds.

of syntax, logical and run-time errors

before the implementation.

an UPS (Uninterrupted Power

Supply) in case of power/electricity

loss for preventing data loss.

proposed system, the users must

authenticate themselves by giving or

providing a username and

password. The proposed system will

automatically perform a log out

session if the user lack of using the

The Application of QR Code Based Algorithm for Learning and

Development Management System: The case of Civil Service Commission,

Philippines will be using the web page, it is a hypertext-base system. This

research is a Developmental-Descriptive case type of research in which the

problem Civil Service Commission was facing. Then, evaluated it through

testing and a survey afterwards deployed it.

iterative model is a particular implementation of a software development life

cycle (SDLC) that focuses on an initial, simplified implementation, which then

system is complete. It is important to follow the right steps to come up with a

The initialization phase is where the brainstorming of the proponents

happened regarding to what might the problems that are possible to

encounter by the Application of QR Code Based Algorithm for Learning and

Development Management System: The case of Civil Service Commission.

Planning and Requirements

through the initial planning to determine the specification of documents, the

software and hardware requirement.

According to the interview conducted by the researchers, they

Commission encountered regarding the keeping of data’s like the reservation,

Table 4: Test, Security, Maintenance Plan

and features of the announcement,

proposed system. request reservation,

the annual report and

Interface Testing To develop a friendly user The interface of the

system. system if it suits to

the eye of the client

Control reservation of restriction in the

unauthorized person to system

Exposure and accessibility of the user/participants, the

data between the users. forms to be full up by

Restore database, and easily backup of the

restore it. database and

Analysis and Design

the programming language, objected-oriented, database and other related

phase for enhancing the quality/feature of the system.

The design phase is where the methodology for development the

different model or diagram which is needed for the graphically representation

proposed system is composed of three accounts of the system the Super

Admin, Admin, and the Participants.

reviewing some related systems, designing the proposed system, normalizing