Aninda Nur Wrianti

P133742041098 / 45

1B

Conditional Sentence & Subjunctive

1. Conditional Sentence
Conditional sentences are presuppositions that we use when expressing a desire or
situation that is different from the expected reality. There are several conditional
sentence patterns.
a. Conditional type 1.
Pattern: If Subject + V1 + O, Subject + Will + V 1
Example: If Andi has much money, he will buy a car.
The function of conditional type 1 is to state a condition that occurs, if the
requirements are met. in the example sentence above, Andi will buy a car if he has
money. Andi is still possible to buy a car if he has a lot of money.
Other examples of conditional type 1 sentences:
1. If I finish my work, I will go home.
2. If the weather is good, we will finish the work early.
3. I I have time tonight, I will attend the meeting.
b. Conditional type 2
Pattern: If Subject + V2 + O, Subject + would + V 1
Example: If Andi has a lot of money, he would buy a car.
The function of conditional type 2 is to state the current state that is different from
the expectations or desires of the subject or speaker. In the example above, the
sentence means that Andi will buy a car if he has money. But the fact is he has no
money. facts for conditional type 2 must be written in simple present form. So the
facts for the sentence above are:
Conditonal : If Andi has much money, he would buy a car
Fact : Andi doesn't have much money, he doesn't buy a car.
So Andi only dreamed of buying a car at the present time, but he did not have a lot
of money, so Andi did not buy a car.
Other examples of conditional type 2 sentences:
1. If you went by train, you would get there earlier
2. If she studied hard, she would pass the exam,
3. If I have spare time, I would go around the world now.
Especially for conditional type 2, use the second form tobe for all subjects (were).
Example:
• If I were you, I would say thank to him.
• If she were my friend, I would invite her.
• If we were at home, we would meet you.
c. Conditional type 3
Pattern: If Subject + had + V3, Subject + would have + V3
 Example: If Andi had much money, he would have bought a car.
The function of conditional type 3 is to state a state or expectation in the past that
is different from the actual situation. In the example above it means that in the
past Andi would buy a car if he had a lot of money. But the fact is he has no
money.
This type 3 conditional fact must be written in simple past form. Then the facts of
the above sentence are:
Conditional: If Andi had much money, he would have bought a car.
Fact: Andi didn't have much money and he didn't buy a car.
Example conditional type 3 sentences:
1. If we had gone by car, we would have gotten there earlier.
2. If we had not made him angry, we would have been at home yesterday.
3. If she had been an actress, she would have been popular to people.
2. Subjunctive
Subjunctive is a verb that is used to imagine the effect of something that does not
exist or does not happen, which can be in the form of wish, requirements, and
suggestion. Or in other words, the meaning of this subjunctive sentence is always
contrary to reality or fact.
The words used in subjunctive are "wish", "as if / as though", "would rather", "if
only" (if / if only).
Subjunctive function
 As if / as though is used to state an untrue state of reality or fact.
 Wish, would rather, and if only used to express a wish or desire.
Formula for Subjunctive Use
a. Subjunctive Future
Future Subjunctive is used as a presupposition that refers to the future, so the fact
is also in the form of Simple Future Tense.
Wish : Subject (1) + wish + Subject (2) + Could / Would + Verb 1
Example:
I wish you would come to the party tonight.
(Fact: He will not come to the party tonight)
NOTE
Although rarely used, but sometimes we still encounter Future Subjunctive, so we
better recognize it too. You can use Present Subjunctive instead.
b. Present Subjunctive
Present Subjunctive is used as a presupposition that refers to the present, so the
fact is also in the form of Simple Present Tense.
Wish : Subject (1) + wish + Subject (2) + Verb 2 / were
As if / As though : Subject (1) + Verb 1 + as if + Subject (2) + Verb2 / were
Would rather : Subject (1) + would rather + Subject (2) + Verb 2 / were
If only : If only + Subject + Verb 2
 NOTE
In the Present Subjunctive form, the verb used is the 2nd form (VERB 2), and if
you must use to be, must use "were" for all types of Subject.
Example:
 I wish you visited me.
(Fact: You don't visit me.)
 The girl dresses as if it were summer now.
(In fact: it is not summer now.)
 Shelly would rather he told the truth.
(In fact: He doesn't tell the truth.)
 If only she knew.
(Fact: She doesn't know.)
c. Past Subjunctive
Past Subjunctive is used as a presupposition that refers to the past, so the fact is
also in the form of Simple Past Tense.
Wish :Subject (1) + wished + Subject (2) + Had + Verb 3 / been
As if / As though : Subject (1) + Verb 2 + as if + Had + Verb 3 / been
Would rather : Subject (1) + would rather + Subject 2 + Had + Verb 3 / been
If only : If only + Subject + Had + Verb 3 / been
Example:
 She wished (that) she had more time last night.
(In fact: She didn't have more time last night.)
 Jeff looked as though he had seen a ghost.
(In fact: He didn't see a ghost.)
 I would rather he had been here.
(In fact: He was not here.)
 If only Rachel had not been at home last night
(In fact: Rachel was at home last night.)