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CFD Analysis of Aerodynamic Design of Ta PDF
CFD Analysis of Aerodynamic Design of Ta PDF
ABSTRACT
Now a day the choice of car by the customer depends on the basis of fuel efficiency,
mileage, cost and comfortable. Fuel efficiency is the most important factor that is
responsible for the overall popularity of car. The fuel efficiency is depends upon the
performance of internal combustion engine and also on the aerodynamic design body
of the car. Aerodynamic styling of car is one of the most crucial aspects of the car
design. The shape of frontal area of the car is main factor of Drag reduction and
essential for reducing the fuel consumption. Designing a vehicle with a minimized drag
resistance provides economical and performance of many advantages. The drag force
is produced by relative motion between air and vehicle Aerodynamic. Analysis of car
models has in reducing the drag force acting on the cars body. The design of Tata Indica
car has been done on Pro-e 5.0 and the same is used for analysis in Ansys-(fluent). The
main intention behind this project is to reduce the drag co-efficient & drag force of car
body by improving the aerodynamic shape by using CFD software. The analysis is done
for finding drag co efficient and drag force. The aerodynamic analysis of the design
parameter of car will be performed by using a suitable turbulence model and to compare
the drag coefficient of design of car model by using CFD software result and
experimentally result and the results will be validated by CFD analysis/experimental
studies. The result of software analysis has agreed excellently with field experimentally
results.
Key words: CAD, CFD, Pro-E, Ansys, Drag coefficient, Drag Force, Aerodynamic.
Cite this Article: Abdul Razzaque Ansari, CFD Analysis of Aerodynamic Design of
Tata Indica Car, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology,
8(3), 2017, pp.344–355.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/issues.asp?JType=IJMET&VType=8&IType=3
1. INTRODUCTION
All The choice of car is often mode on the basis of fuel efficiency cost & comfort. However for
general purpose fuel efficiency is the most important factor that is responsible for the overall
popularity of a car of any make fuel efficiency is depend upon the performance of internal
combustion engine & also on the aerodynamic design body of the car. [1][2]
Aerodynamically design car may offer better stability at high speed air while moving past
car exist two different Aerodynamic stylish of a car is one of the most crucial accept of car
design. It includes task of integration of advanced engineering and computer analysis.
Aerodynamically design car required least power in overcoming drag exerted by air and
exhibits higher performance with fuel consumption. [3][4]
1.3. Objectives
• To make a 3-D car model of Tata Indica car
• Analysis of 3-D car model to find the aerodynamic design parameters from Computational fluid
dynamics (CFD)
• validated by field/experimental studies
2. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
2.1. Estimation of Drag Coefficient and Drag Force on the Base of Field Study
X= distance travelled after switching off the engine
m=mass of vehicle in kg.
v=velocity at which the engine was switched off
(In m/s)
Cd=coefficient of drag
p=density of air
A= projected area
The force F opposes the motion of the vehicle
For skew of simplicity we assume the distinction of F is positive in direction of velocity
V.
Rolling resistance and gradient resistance for a given vehicle and gradient respectively, are
constant.
Rolling resistance +Gradient resistance =b
Drag force =C ( /2) A
=a Where a=Cd ρA/2
Force F=(a +b)
F =m =m ×
F=mv
=mvdv
= /F
= /(a +b)
=
( )
Let =
=
( + )
By integration we have got the value of distance travelled by the vehicle after switching off
the engine.
#
X= !" ( #)
Where;
K = constant value =
V= velocity of the car, m/s
m = mass of the car in kg
a=Cd ρA/2
F= (a +b)
After the success full experimental testing of the car model then use of this above formula
and find out the Drag Coefficient (Cd) and Drag Force (Fd)
Table 1 Experimental reading of the Tata Indica car: Mass-1140 kg, Area-2.11 m2
ui = u i + u i (1)
The time averaging of the incompressible of instantaneous Navier Stokes equations (1) and
(2) lead to the Transient Reynolds Average Navier Stokes ((TRANS) or Unsteady Reynolds
Average Navier Stokes (URANS)) equations as given below:
∂ρ ∂
+ ( ρ ui ) = 0
∂t ∂xi
B: Mesh Generation
Ansys workbench 2.0 framework version 12.0.1
The Ansys Workbench, in its present form, meshes solid geometry parts using a number of 3-
D elements for thermal and structural analysis. These elements include:
• 10-node tetrahedral
• 20-node hexahedral
• 13-node pyramids
• 15-node wedge elements
• 4-node quadrilateral shells
• 3-node triangle shells
the ANSYS program, which supports many different types element formulations (such as p-
elements), must enforce stricter shape parameter values than the ANSYS Workbench, which
only needed to support the solid and shell elements for the aforementioned analyses. One
particular shape metric predicted whether the quality of the element would affect the numerical
solution time and again the results obtained after the successful meshing procedure of Tata
Indica car in the Ansys Workbench are as follows:
Total Number of Nodes – 263039
Total Number of Elements – 1374209
Type of Meshing-Mixed Triangular Mesh
Graph 1 velocity magnitude profile interior zone of Tata Indica obtained from contour
Table 5 The value of Velocity Magnitude profile from contours and vectors from graph with the help
of color code of Tata Indica car
Car Maximum Minimum Observe Drag Drag force
value in m/s value in m/s value m/s coefficient Cd Fd
Tata Indica 38.0 7.75 19.4 0.841 411
6. CONCLUSION
The drag coefficients found theoretically and experimentally are very near. The results vary by
only 0.243 values; this shows the accuracy of the results obtained by us during the thesis. If the
present design will be implemented for the model generation of the car we will obtain the exact
values of the drag coefficient and drag force, which were already measured
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