Week 10/Learning Guide: Bone Tissue (cont.

 Roles of Calcium and Phosphate:

o Calcium:
________% of body’s calcium is in bones.
Adults contain ________kg calcium in their body.
Blood calcium concentration ranges from ______________ mg/dL.

 Bone calcium reserves:

1.

2.

 Forms (states) of blood calcium:

1.

2.

o Phosphate:
______________% of body’s phosphate is in bones.
Adults contain _________________g of phosphorus in their body.
Blood phosphate concentration ranges from ____________ mg/dL.

 Blood Calcium

o Hypocalcemia:

o Hypercalcemia:

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 Calcium Homeostasis

Hormone: Production: Function: Mechanism of Action:

(when, where, and (what is its role in (how does it work?)
how is it produced?) the body?)

Calcitriol

Calcitonin

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 Parathyroid
Hormone (PTH)

 Bone Disorders:

 Fracture:

o Stress Fracture:

o Pathological Fracture:

 Healing Stages of Fracture:

1)

2)

3)

4)

 Fracture Treatment

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 o Closed Reduction:

o Open Reduction:

 Osteoporosis:

Week 10/Learning Guide: Skeletal System 1

 Functions of the Skeletal System:

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.

 Divisions of the Skeleton:

1.
2.

 Axial Skeleton

1. Skull

o Sutures:
a)
b)
c)
d)

o Cranial Bones (8 Total)

Function: encloses and protects the brain; site for muscle attachment

a. (1) Frontal Bone:

b. (2) Parietal Bones:

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 c. (1) Occipital Bone:

d. (2) Temporal Bones:

e. (1) Sphenoid Bone:

f. (1) Ethmoid Bone:

o Facial Bones (14 Total) – only need to know 12

Function: shapes face; site for muscle attachment

a. (2) Nasal Bones:

b. (2) Maxillae Bones:

c. (2) Zygomatic Bones:

d. (1) Mandible Bone:

e. (2) Lacrimal Bones:

f. (2) Palatine Bones:

g. (1) Vomer Bone:

2. Hyoid Bone:

3. Vertebral Column (26 Total)

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 Function: forms vertical axis of skeleton; protects spinal cord and provides flexible
support (composed of vertebrae and intervertebral fibrocartilage discs)

a. (7) Cervical Vertebrae

Atlas:
Axis:

b. (12) Thoracic Vertebrae

c. (5) Lumbar Vertebrae

d. (1) Sacrum

e. (1) Coccyx

 Typical Vertebrae Contains:

o Body o Intervertebral disc

o Vertebral Foramen o Intervertebral foramen
o Spinous Process
o Transverse Process
o Lamina
o Pedicle

4. Thoracic Cage:
Function: protects thoracic organs and supports pectoral girdle
(contains the sternum, ribs, thoracic vertebrae, and costal cartilage)

a) Sternum:

b) Ribs (12 Pairs):

a. Vertebrosternal:

b. Vertebrochondral:

c. Vertebral (floating):

5. Auditory Ossicles (3)

1.

2.

3.

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6. Infant Cranium

o Fontanels:

 Anterior:

 Posterior:

 Sphenoidal:

 Mastoid: