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teþHu«v & IhÀ Unssk³:
sI.-hn. Akvew \Sp-¡c

Im-ew ¢m-kv
8 ap-dn-I-sf-bpw am-äpw
Zm-tam-ZÀ {]-km-Zv/
F-kv.tKm-]m-e-Ir-jv-W³
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hnZymÀ°n\n Pohs\mSp¡n. Cu km-
lNcy¯n Hm¬sse³ hnZym`ym-
k¯nsâ `mhnbpw cmjv{Sobhpw
hnaÀi\mßIambn ]cntim[n¡pI
bmWv Imen¡äv kÀhIemime
aÄ«naoUnb dnkÀ¨v skâÀ UbdIvS-
dpw {]apJ am[ya \nco£I\pamb
ZmtamZÀ {]kmZv.
24 ap-H-ckp hn-v-enw-tbm-
I-fp-sS hn-Zym-`ymkw:
P-\-¡p-dn-¸v
F³.]n lm-^n-kv ap-l½-Zv
tIcf¯nse apkvenwIfpsS hn-
Zym`ymk ]ptcmKXn Ime¯n\
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Ahbv¡v Øm\w e`n¡p¶nÃþ {]ap
J Fgp¯pImc\pw kmaqlyNn´I
\pamb teJI³ apkvenw hnZym`ymk-
cwKs¯ ]mfn¨IÄ Nqn¡mWn¨v
Xpd¶ kwhmZ¯n\v ASn¯dbnSp¶p.
34 hn-Zym-`ym-k ]p-tcm-K-Xn-bnÂ
kn.F-¨nsâ ]-¦v
hn-\o-Xm hn-P-b³
tIcf¯nse s]mXp{]hÀ¯\
taJebv¡v F¡mehpw amXrIbmb
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SpIfnse Kcnabpw sImv hyXy
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apkvenw kapZmb¯nsâ hnZym`ymk
]ptcmKXnbn \nÀWmbI ]¦ph
ln¨sX¶v hniZam¡pIbmWv
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teJnI.

teJ\w {]hmkw IhnX

44 B\- bnÂ\n¶v
ae-¸p-d-t¯¡v
a-\-Êpw, i-co-c-hpw
56 a-c-hn-¡p-¶ I-YIÄ 52 lm^n- knsâ I-hn-XIÄ
]cn-`mj: keojv C«q¸v tPmWn
ap-l-½-Zv-dm-^n F³.hn tam-l³ ]m-e-¡m-Sn
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73 IhnX \S¶p t]mIp¶p

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N{µnI BgvN-¸-Xn-¸v
]n.-_n. \¼À: 64, YMCA tdmUv 0495-þ2766032, 0495þ2765950 chandrikaweeklynew@gmail.com
tImgn-t¡m-Svþ673001 2767040, 2765122

2 6 Pq¬ 2020
 I¯p-IÄ chandrikaweeklynew@gmail.com ww.facebook.com/Chandrikaweekly

CXn\À°w. C¶v Gähpw thK¯n {] emb\w sNbvX ]e [\nI IpSpw_§fpw

Ncn¡p¶Xv AkXyamWv. cmjv{Sob¯nepw
bp²¯nepw AkXyambncn¡p¶p {][m\
Bbp[w. "Aiz°mamlXþIpRvPc' F¶
AkXyw ]dbm³ [Àamßmhmb bp[njvTnc³
ss[cys¸«Xpw CXpsIm@pXs¶bmWv.
bp[njvTnc³ AkXy¯n\v kXy¯nsâ
Ip¸mbw CSphn¡pIbmbncp¶p. bp²¯nÂ
kXy¯n\pw [Àa¯n\pw Øm\ansöp
Xs¶bmWv alm`mcXbp²w ImWn¨pX
cp¶Xv. \pWsIm@pw A[Àaw sIm@pw
bp²¯n hnPbw ssIhcn¡p¶ Imeam
WnXv. \pWIÄ sIm@v cmjv{Sob hnPbw
]{Xm-[n-]À, N{µnI BgvN-¸-Xn-¸v, t\Smsa¦n¸ns¶ kXy¯n\v Øm\sa
]n._n.-\-¼Àþ64, ssh.-Fw.kn.F tdmUv, hnsS? \pWIfpsS X¼pcm¡·mÀ \mSp
tImgn-t¡mSvþ673001 hmgp¶ Ime¯v kXyw ImWmadb¯m
Ip¶Xn AÛpXanÃ. GXmbmepw AkXyw
\oWmÄ hmgnsöp Xs¶bmWv temINcn{Xw
ASnhcbn«v ImWn¡p¶Xv. AkXys¯
XncphnXmwIqdn A`bw {]m]n¨p. CuÌn´ym
I¼\n ]e {]mhiyw Sn¸phpambn Gäpap«n.
HSphn Bbnc§tfmsSm¸w Sn¸phpw
bp²`qanbn acn¨phoWp. {_n«ojpImsc
hnd¸n¨ A¶s¯ GI `cWm[nImcnbmWv
Sn¸p. {_n«ojpImtcmSv \nc´cw t]mcmSn
hocarXyphcn¨ Sn¸phn\v kzmX{´ykac
Ncn{X¯n kp{][m\ Øm\ap@v. aX]
camb t\«§fà cmjv{Sob e£y§fmWv
Sn¸phns\ \bn¨ncp¶sX¶v Ncn{Xw ]dbp¶p.
At±lw sNbv X Imcy§Ä aX]camb
e£yw sh¨mbncp¶nsöv Ncn{Xadnbp¶hÀ
tcJs¸Sp¯p¶p.

kXytah PbtX ]pÂInb cmPm¡·mscms¡ Cs¶hnsS?

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F¶l¦cn¨ GIm[n]XnIÄ¡v Ncn{X
¯nsâ Ip¸s¯m«nbnemWv Øm\sa¶v
\mw I@pIgnªp. AXpsIm@v "kXytah
kvs{Sbväv
t^mÀthÀUpIÄ
k-Zm-in-h³-\mbÀ \ne\n¸nsöp Xs¶bmWv D]
PbtX' F¶ D]\njXv hmIyw F¶pw
kmÀ°IamIm\mWv km[yX. AXpsIm@v AYhm
sIm-¨n \nj¯pIfpw JpÀB\pw ]dbp¶Xv.
F¶m Imew amdnhcp¶p. Ccp]Xmw
\ap¡v Bizkn¡m³ hIbps@¶mWv "Zni'
F¶ ]wànbn A_pPpam³ FgpXp¶Xv. sXcphnse
\qäm@nsâ A´yZiI§fn kXym\´c
AXv kXyambn `hn¡s« F¶v \ap¡pw
Bizkn¡mw. Im@marK§Ä
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temIw F¶ ]Zw `mjbn IS¶phcp¶ `mcX¯nsâ sXän²cn¡s¸« [octZim
½psS tZiob ap{ZmhmIyamWnXv. XmbmWv \mw ImWp¶Xv. kXy¯n\p ]Icw `nam\nbmbncp¶p Sn¸p kp¯ms\¶v entâm
AkXyw Pbn¡p¶ Imesa¶p Xs¶bmWv
kXyw hnPbn¡pw, kXyw am at\mPv. (s^{_p. 15) A[n\nthi iàn {io{]Imiv
{Xta hnPbn¡p Ifpambn Ahkm\ \nanjw hsc cWm¦ Hä¸mew
IbpÅq F¶m W¯n AScmSn hocarXyp hcn¨ `cWm[n
WnXn\v AÀ°w. ]pcm Imcnbmbncp¶p Sn¸p. A[n\nthi iànIsf
tWXnlmk§Ä A¯cw
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Sn¸p.
am À¨v 14 2020 se Cµp amcm¯nsâ
IY H«t\Iw ktµi§fmbn
kwhZn¡p¶p, \½psS DÅ
I§fntebv¡v. Hcp thf sXcphnte¡v
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arKsam¶ÃXv `b¸mSp@m¡p¶p. temen¡v
{]Xo£IfmWv PohnX¯n bp²sa¶m ]nSn¨S¡epw \ioIcWhp Xsâ `À¯mhpao KW¯nemhp¶
sâ Du¶phSnIÄ. F¶pw amWtÃm. B AÀ°¯n Sn¸phpw Xncphn Zriy§Ä..., I@marK§Ä Ah sI«
Ccp«mbncn¡bnÃ. Ccp«pamdn XmwIqdns\Xncmbn ]S\o¡§Ä \S¯nbn Imes¯ kp\man t]mes¯ Zpc
Hcp \mÄ shfn¨w hcpw F¶v «p@mImw. Bephm¸pg hsc h¶v shÅs¸m ´¡mgvNIÄ. ........C§s\sbms¡bpÅ Cu
\mw {]Xo£n¡p¶p. AkXyw ¡w aqew apt¶m«p \o§m\mhmsX Sn¸p A¶v krãn anI¨Xmhp¶p. Cu krãn k
sImSnIp¯nhmWmepw B ]n³hm§pIbmbncp¶p. tIcfsam«p¡v `oXn ½m\n¨ N{µnI¡pw Cµp amc¯n\pw
sImSn Xmt\ Xmgpsa¶v \mw ]c¯n \miw hnX¨ kw`hambncp¶p AXv. Iq¸pssI.
hnizkn¡p¶p. AkXy¯n\v hS¡p\n¶v ]cn{`m´cmbn sXt¡m«v ]

4 6 Pq¬ 2020 6 Pq¬ 2020

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A-_q-Pp-am³
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hnfnt¨mXp¶Xmbncp¶p Ata
cn¡bnse an\nbt]mfnknÂ
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tPmÀPv ^vtfmbnUv AXn{Iqcambn sImÃs¸«
kw`hw. B sIme]mXI cwKw temIw
apgph³ hoUntbmbn ImWpIbp@mbn.
s]meokv Imdn\p Nph«n CSn¨phogv¯nb
tijw shÅ¡mc³ s]meokptZymKس
F«p an\n«pw \m¸¯n Bdv sk¡âpw B
lX`mKysâ Igp¯n ImÂap«v AaÀ¯n
izmkw ap«n¡pIbmbncp¶p. ""sF Im³Uv
{_oXv'' F¶p B \m¸¯nbmdpImc³
hnfn¨p ]dbp¶p@mbncp¶p. sXm«Sp¯p
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@mbnÃ.
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tPmenbn \n¶p amän\nÀ¯m³ `cWIqSw
\nÀ_ÔnXambn. £p`nXcmb P\w
6 6 Pq¬ 2020
Atacn¡³ {]knU@nsâ sIm«mcamb
"sshäv lukv' hfªXns\ XpSÀ¶v {]
knU@v sdmWmÄUv {Sw]n\p `qKÀ` Ad
bn Hfn¨ncnt¡@ ØnXn kwPmXambn.
{]t£m`w t\cnSm³ s]meokv shSnsh¸v
XpScp¶p. B hIbnepw IptdbmfpIÄ acn
¨phogpw. Iem]mánbn sh´p Xocp¶hÀ
thsdbpw.
hÀW hnthN\hpw ASna¯hpw \nbaw
aqew \ntcm[n¨n«ps@¦nepw a\pjya\ÊnÂ
\n¶v Ah \ntÈjw amªpt]mbn«nÃ
F¶mWv an\nb t]mfnkn \S¶Xpt]mse
bpÅ kw`h§Ä kqNn¸n¡p¶Xv. bqtdm
¸nsebpw Atacn¡bnsebpw shfp¯
hÀK¡mÀ X§Ä P·\m hntijm[nImcapÅ
D¶XIpePmXcmbn kzbw IcpXp¶p. bqtdm
¸n \n¶v Atacn¡bn IpSntbdnb shÅ
¡mÀ AhnSps¯ BZna\nhmknIfmb
Nph¶ C´y¡msc sIms¶mSp¡nbmWv X
§fpsS B[n]Xyw Øm]n¨Xv. sImtfm
Wnb A[n\nthiIme¯v B{^n¡bn
sebpw Gjybnsebpw hnhn[ cmPy§fnÂ
bqtdm]y³amÀ CtX at\m`mht¯msSbmWv
{]hÀ¯n¨Xv. hwishdnbmbncp¶p PÀa\n
hÀWshdnbpsS
CcIÄ
bn lnävedpsS Bbp[w.
lnävedpsS hwishdnbpsS CcIÄ PqX
³amcmbncp¶p. AtX PqX³amÀ ^ekvXo\n
Isf kz´w hoSpIfn \n¶pw \m«n \n
¶pw B«ntbmSn¡pIbpw XpeyXbnÃm¯
{IqcXIÄ¡v Ccbm¡pIbpw sNbv X p.
hwishdn Xs¶bmWv Ahcpw Bbp[am
¡nbXv. \nWapW§m¯ ^ekvXo³ a®v
temIs¯ _m[n¨ IpjvTambn tijn¡p¶p.
C´ybn khÀW lnµpXzw Gähpw
HSphn ]ucXz _nÃneqsS \yq\]£ P\
hn`mK§fpsS t\sc hwishdnbpsS
Ip´ap\ {]tbmKn¨Xn\v temIw km£n
bmWv. ZfnXcpw apkvenwIfpw sXcphpIfnÂ
BÄ¡q« B{IaW§Ä¡v hnt[bamhp¶Xv
hmÀ¯bÃmXmbn Ignªncn¡p¶p. thjw
aXn HcmÄ sImÃs¸tS@ BfmtWm AÃ
tbm F¶p Xocpam\n¡m³ F¶v {][m\a{´n
38
Xs¶ hywKambn kqNn¸n¨ asämcp cmPyw
D@mhm\nSbnÃ. Hcp hyàn AbmÄ P\n¨
hwi¯nsâtbm kapZmb¯nsâtbm
aXhn`mK¯nsâtbm t]cn B{Ian¡
s¸Sp¶Xns\bmWv hÀWshdn F¶p ]
6 Pq¬ 2020
dbp¶Xv. Atacn¡bnepw ^ekvXo\nepw
C´ybnepw Hcphn[¯nesæn asämcp
hn[¯n CXnsâ sISpXnIÄ CSbv¡nsS
{]Xy£s¸«psIm@ncn¡p¶p.
hÀWþhwi shdnb³amÀ ssItImÀ¡p¶Xn
\p \mw km£nIfmWv. temIs¯hnsSbmbn
cp¶mepw s]mXp XmÂ]cy§Ä Ahsc Htc
XqhÂ]£nIfm¡p¶p. ]ckv]cw ]pdhpw
]rjvThpw sNmdnªv AcnIph¡cn¡s¸«
P\§Äs¡Xnsc AhÀ LS\m]cambn
Xs¶ sFIys¸Sp¶p. h¼n¨ aqe[\¯n
sâbpw aoUnbbpsSbpw Xn®_e¯nemWv
"`qanbnse Cu cmPm¡·mÀ' hmgp¶Xv.
Bt{^mþAtacn¡¡mcpw ^ekv X o
\nIfpw C´ybnse ZfnXv _lpP\§fpw
Htc hnNmcamXrIIfpsS CcIfmWv. kao]
Ime¯mWv C´y³ apkv e nwIÄ Cu
KW¯nte¡v Iq«nt¨À¡s¸«Xv. a\:im
kv { X]cambpw {]Xybimkv { X]cambpw
cmjv{Sobambpw hensbmcp ]cnhÀ¯\ap
@mhp¶Xphsc hÀWþhwi shdnbpsS
CcIÄ CcIfmbn XpScpw.
7
 F-kv.tKm-]m-e-Ir-jv-W³

Im-ew Zm-tam-ZÀ {]-km-Zv/

F-kv.tKm-]m-e-Ir-jv-W³

¢m-kv Hm ¬-sse³ ¢m-Êv dq-an ]-s¦-Sp-

¡m-\p-Å ti-jn C-Ãm-¯-Xn-\mÂ,

ap-dn-I-sf-bpw kv-amÀ-«v t^m¬ C-Ãm-¯-Xn-\mÂ,

A-Xn-\p-Å km-¼-¯n-I km-l-N-cyw ho-«nÂ
C-Ãm-¯-Xn-\mÂ, H-cp s]¬-Ip-«n B-ß-l-Xy

am-äpw sN-bv-X km-l-N-cy-¯n-em-Wv \-½p-sS Cu kw-

`m-j-Ww. A-tX-Ip-dn-¨v Zm-tam-ZÀ {]-km-Zn-\v
F-´m-Wv ]-d-bm-\p-Å-Xv.
tZ-hn-I-bp-sS a-c-Ww h-f-sc Zpx-J-I-c-am-b
H-cp Im-cy-am-Wv. B-ß-l-Xy \-½-fn D@m-
¡p-¶ a-\-kn-I-hy-Y ]-d-ª-dn-bn-t¡@Xn-Ã-
tÃm. A-t¸mÄ H-cp Ip-«n kv-IqÄ Xp-d-¡p-¶
Hm¬sse³ hnZym`ymkw km[n¡ k-a-b-¯v B-ß-l-Xy sN-bv-Xp F-¶ hmÀ-¯
Wsa¦n kmt¦XnI hnZybpw D] h-Ãm-¯ Zpx-Jw X-cp-¶ Im-cy-am-Wv. A-Xv {]-tXy-
IcW§fpw AXymhiyw. AXv In-¨pw \-½Ä a-\-Ên-em-¡p-¶-Xv, Cu Hm¬-
kaql¯nse FÃm X«nepw {]m]yhpaÃ. sse³ ¢m-Êv Xp-S-§n-b k-a-b-¯v ho-«n sS-
NÀ¨IÄ XpScthbmWv UnPnä kuI- en-hn-j³ C-Ãm-¯-Xv sIm@pw a-äv Hm¬-sse³
cyw CÃm¯ ImcW¯m a\w s\m´v ku-I-cyw C-Ãm-¯-Xv sIm@pw Iq-Sn-bm-Ip-
t¼mÄ... km-¼-¯n-I-am-bn ]n-¶m¡w \nÂ-
Hcp ZfnXv hnZymÀ°n\n Pohs\mSp¡n- ¡p-¶ H-cp \nÀ-²-\ Ip-Spw-_-¯n \n-¶p-Å
bXv. Cu kmlNcy¯n Hm¬sse³ Ip-«n-bm-Wv F-¶m-Wv Rm³ hmÀ-¯-I-fnÂ
hnZym`ymk¯nsâ `mhnbpw cmjv{Sobhpw \n-¶v a-\-Ên-em-¡p-¶-Xv. A-Xv h-Ãm-¯ hn-j-aw
hnaÀi\mßIambn ]cntim[n¡pI D@m-¡p-¶ H-cp Im-cy-am-Wv. ]-t£ Cu B-ß-
bmWv Imen¡äv kÀhIemime l-Xy-sb F-§-s\-bm-Wv \-½Ä A-`n-kw-
aÄ«naoUnb dnkÀ¨v skâÀ UbdIvSdpw t_m-[-\ sN-t¿@Xv F-¶-Xn-s\ Ip-dn-¨v
{]apJ am[ya \nco£I\pamb ZmtamZÀ B-tem-Nn-t¡@Xp@v. C-Xn-s\ \-½Ä Du-Xn-
{]kmZv. apXnÀ¶ am[ya {]hÀ¯I³ s]-cp-¸n-¡p-I-bm-tWm th@Xv? Cu {]-iv-\w
Ku-c-h-am-bn Im-tW@ H-cp hn-j-b-hpw A-XnÂ
Fkv.tKm]meIrjvW³ At±l¯nsâ D-S-\-Sn kÀ-¡mÀ {i-² th@ hn-j-b-hp-am-Wv.
"ZnÃnZmen' t]mUvImÌn\pth@n X¿m tI-{µ kÀ-h-I-em-im-e-I-fn-se Nn-e A-[ym-
dm¡nb amdp¶ \½psS ¢mkv apdnIÄ ]-I-scm-s¡ F-\n-¡-b-¨ Nn-e F-gp-¯p-IÄ
F¶ ]c¼cbnse A`napJ¯nsâ BZy I@t¸mÄ F-\n-¡v Zp:Jw tXm-¶n. X-§-fp-sS
`mKamWnXv. km-t¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy-bn-ep-Å \n-e-]m-Sv B-hn-jv-I-

8 6 Pq¬ 2020 6 Pq¬ 2020

9
cn-¡m³ th@n H-cp hn-ZymÀ-°n-\n-bp-sS B-ß-
l-Xy-sb D-]-tbm-Kn-¡p-I F-s¶m-s¡ ]-d-bp-¶
H-cp A-h-Ø D@tÃm, Du-Xn-s]-cp-¸n-s¨m-s¡
]-d-bp-¶-Xv... Rm³ tKm-]m-e-Ir-jv-W-t\m-Sv
tNm-Zn-¡p-¶ H-cp Im-cyw, Xm-c-X-ayw sN-¿p-¶n-Ã,
]-co-£ t\-cn-Sm-\p-Å _p-²n-ap-«v Im-c-Ww, ]-co-
£-bn amÀ-¡v Ip-d-ª-Xn-sâ t]-cnÂ, Nn-e
Ip-«n-IÄ B-ß-l-Xy sN-bv-X-Xn-s\ Ip-dn-¨v
\-½Ä Im-Wp-¶ Nn-e ]-{X hmÀ-¯-IÄ D@v,
F-´v th-Z-\ \n-d-ª Im-cy-§-fm-Wv... "a-c-W-
hn-Zym-e-bw' F-¶ kp-kv-ta-jv N-t{´m-¯n-sâ
I-Y tKm-]m-e-Ir-jv-W³ hm-bn-¨n-«p@m-Ipw
F-¶v hn-Nm-cn-¡p-¶p. A-Xv H-cp B-ß-l-Xy-sb
Ip-dn-¨p-Å I-Y-bm-Wv. XoÀ-¨-bm-bpw hn-ZymÀ-°n-
I-fpw A-[ym-]-I-cpw hm-bn-t¡@ I-Y-bm-Wv.
\-½p-sS a-\-kn-s\ h-Ãm-sX D-e-bv-¡p-¶ I-Y-
bm-Wv A-Xv. kv-IqÄ k-{¼-Zm-b-¯n-sâ `m-K-am-
bn ]-e-t¸m-gpw B-ß-l-Xy-IÄ \-S-¡p-¶p@v.
A-Xv H-cp X-c-¯n-epw i-cn-b-Ãm-¯ Im-cy-am-Wv.
A-Xn-\p \-½p-¡v th@Xv Iu¬-kn-enw-Kpw
km-´z-\-hp-am-Wv. ]-t£ F-sâ hm-Z-¯n-\p
th@n, A-sÃ-¦n a-säm-cm-fp-sS hm-Z-¯n-\p
th@n, Rm³ C-Xn-s\ H-cp hm-Z-am-bn \n-c-¯p-
¶-Xv H-«pw X-s¶ tbm-Pn-¡m³ I-gn-bp-¶ Im-
cy-a-Ã.
kv-Iq-fp-I-fn-se D-¨-¡ªn-bp-am-bn _-Ô- X-§Ä-s¡m-cp hn-j-b-s¯¡p-dn-
s¸-« k-am-\-am-b hm-Z-§Ä Nn-eÀ D-¶-bn-¨p ¨v X-§-fp-tS-Xm-b `-{Z-X-bn-Ãm-bv-a
I@n-«p@v. A-hÀ hn-Zym-`ym-k-s¯ a-\-Ên-em- D-s@¦nÂ, B \n-e-
¡p-¶-Xv X-s¶ H-cp h-tc-Wy co-Xn-bn-em-Wv.
A-Xm-b-Xv G-sXm-s¡-tbm \nÀ-²-\-cm-b hn-ZymÀ- ]m-Sp-I-sf B-hn-jv-I-cn-¡m³ H-cp
°n-IÄ D-¨ I-ªn Ip-Sn-¡m³ th@n kv-Iq- hn-j-b-s¯ Du-Xn-s]-cp-¸n-¡p-I-
fn-te-¡v h-cp-¶p F-¶ X-c-¯n-em-Wv A-hÀ bpw, A-Xn-s\ Iq-Sp-XÂ {]-iv-\-
hn- Z ym- ` ym- k k- { ¼- Z m- b - s ¯ Im- W p- ¶ - X v . §-fm-¡n am-äp-I-bpw sN-¿p-¶
F-s´m-cp ho-£-W-am-W-Xv? F-§-s\-bm-Wv H-cp A-h-Ø-bp@tÃm A-Xm-Wv
A-[ym-]-IÀ-¡v A-§-s\ H-cp Im-gv-N-¸m-Sv ap- G-ä-hpw Zpx-J-I-cw. C-t¸mÄ \-ap-
t¶m-«v sh-¡m³ km-[n-¡p-¶-Xv? hn-ZymÀ-°n-IÄ ¡v th@Xv km-´z-\-¯n-sâ-bpw
kv-Iq-fn h-cn-I-bpw kv-Iq-fn ]Tn-¡p-I-bpw
A-Xn-sâ `m-K-am-bn h-¶ H-cp Im-cy-am-W-Xv. kv-
Iu¬-kn-enw-Kn-sâ-bpw A-´-co-£-
IqÄ {]-[m-\-am-bpw hn-ZymÀ-°n-IÄ-¡v ]Tn-¡m- am-Wv. km-t¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy-bp-sS e-`y-X
\p-Å H-cp Ø-e-am-Wv. A-Ãm-sX Ip-sd \nÀ-²- am-{X-a-Ã, A-Xv D-]-tbm-Kn-¡m³
\- c m- b hn- Z ymÀ- ° n- I Ä A- h n- s S h- c p- ¶ p ]-äm-¯-Xn-sâ {]-iv-\w; C-sXm-s¡
F-s¶m-s¡-bp-Å Im-gv-N-¸m-Sv D@tÃm... Cu A-`n-kw-t_m-[-\ sN-¿m³ _m-[y-
]-d-ª BÄ-¡m-cp-sS a-¡-sfm-s¡ X-s¶ H-cp- X-s¸-«-Xm-Wv k-aq-lw. ]-co-£-bp-
]-t£ \-½Ä hn-Nm-cn-¡p-¶ \n-e-hm-c-¯n sS k-a-b-¯v, ]-co-£ F-§-s\ Zm-tam-ZÀ {]-km-Zv
B-bn-cn-¡n-Ã \nÂ-¡p-¶-Xv. A-t¸mÄ C-¯-cw t\-cn-S-Ww F-¶v Iu¬-kn-enw-Kv
H-cp Im-gv-N-¸m-Sv... H-cp hÀ-¤ sF-Iy-ZmÀ-Vy-hpw
C-hn-sS \n-e-\nÂ-¡p-¶n-Ã, h-f-sc {]m-tbm-Kn-I- H-s¡ sIm-Sp-¡m-dn-tÃ? ]-co-£ am-{X-a-Ã, A-Xv D-]-tbm-Kn-¡m³ ]-äm-¯-Xn-sâ A-Xm-Wv F-\n-¡-Xn-s\ Ip-dn-¨v k-¦-Sw. a-dn-¨v,
am-bn t\m-¡n-bm t]m-epw A-¯-c-¯n H-cp \-½Ä th@ F-¶m-tWm sh-¡m- {]-iv-\w; C-sXm-s¡ A-`n-kw-t_m-[-\ sN-¿m³ Cu hn-j-bw \-½p-sS ap-¶n D@v, Un-Pn-äÂ
hÀ-¤-sF-Iy-ZmÀ-Vyw C-hn-sS \n-e-\nÂ-¡p-¶n-Ã. dp-Å-Xv? \-½Ä A-¯-c-¯n _m-[y-X-s¸-«-Xm-Wv k-aq-lw. ]-co-£-bp-sS A-´-cw H-cp {]-[m-\-s¸-« hn-j-b-am-sW-¶v
A-t§-b-äw h-tc-Wy Øm-\-¯v \n-¶m-Wv H-cp Im-gv-N-¸m-Sn-te-¡v Ip-«n-I- k-a-b-¯v, ]-co-£ F-§-s\ t\-cn-S-Ww F-¶v \-½Ä-¡v A-dn-bmw. A-Xv ]-cn-l-cn-¡m-\pw A-`n-
F-Ãmw t\m-¡n-Im-Wp-¶-Xv. ]-t£ X-§Ä-s¡m- sf sIm@p-h-cp-¶-Xn-\v ]-I-cw, Iu¬-kn-enw-Kv H-s¡ sIm-Sp-¡m-dn-Ã? ]-co-£ kw-t_m-[-\ sN-¿m-\pw kÀ-¡m-cn-sâ `m-K-¯v
cp hn-j-b-s¯ Ip-dn-¨v X-§-fp-tS-Xm-b `-{Z-X-bn- C-Xn-s\ D-]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-¯n- \-½Ä th@ F-¶m-tWm sh-¡m-dp-Å-Xv? \n-¶p-Å {i-a-§-sf i-àn-s¸-Sp-¯m-\pw A-sÃ-
Ãm-bv-a D-s@¦nÂ, B \n-e-]m-Sp-I-sf B-hn-jv- s¡m@v km-t¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy-bp-am-bn \-½Ä A-¯-c-¯n H-cp Im-gv-N-¸m-Sn-te-¡v ¦n A-Xn-\v kÀ-¡m-cn-t\m-Sv B-h-iy-s¸-Sp-I-
I-cn-¡m³ H-cp hn-j-b-s¯ Du-Xn-s]-cp-¸n-¡p- Ip-«n-I-sf sIm@p-h-cp-¶-Xn-\v ]-I-cw, C-Xn-s\ tbm sN-¿p-¶-Xn-\v ]-I-cw, C-Xv D-]-tbm-K-s¸-
I-bpw, A-Xn-s\ Iq-Sp-XÂ {]-iv-\-§-fm-¡n am-
_-Ô-s¸-« Nn-e hm-Z-§Ä \n-c- D-]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-¯n-s¡m@v km-t¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy- Sp-¯n X-sâ hm-Z-§-sf \ym-bo-I-cn-¡p-¶ H-cp
äp-I-bpw sN-¿p-¶ H-cp A-h-Ø-bp@tÃm A-Xm- ¯m³ Cu kw-`-h-s¯ D-]-tbm- bp-am-bn _-Ô-s¸-« Nn-e hm-Z-§Ä \n-c-¯m³ k-ao-]-\w D@tÃm A-Xv H-«pw X-s¶ B-tcm-
Wv G-ä-hpw Zpx-J-I-cw. C-t¸mÄ \-ap-¡v th@ Kn-¡p-¶-Xv F-{X-am-{Xw tJ-Z-I-c-am- Cu kw-`-h-s¯ D-]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶-Xv F-{X-am-{Xw Ky-I-c-a-Ã. A-Xv F-sâ A-`n-{]m-b-¯n {]-Xn-
Xv km-´z-\-¯n-sâ-bpw Iu¬-kn-enw-Kn-sâ-bpw Wv? tJ-Z-I-c-am-Wv? F-{X-am-{Xw a-\p-jy hn-cp-²-am- tj-[mÀ-lw Iq-Sn-bm-Wv.
A-´-co-£-am-Wv. km-t¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy-bp-sS e-`y-X Wv, F-{X-am-{Xw N-cn-{X hn-cp-²-am-Wv A-Xv? C-Xv ]-d-bp-t¼mÄ X-s¶ cm-hn-e-s¯ B

10 6 Pq¬ 2020 6 Pq¬ 2020

11

tIc-f-¯n hntÎÀ-kv Nm-\-en-eqsS Hm¬sse³ ¢m-kp-IÄ Xp-S-§n-b-t¸mÄ
hmÀ-¯ \-½-fn kr-jv-Sn-¨ B-Lm-Xw Nn-Ã-d-
b-Ã. A-Xv Hm¬-sse³ hn-Zym-`ym-k-¯n-sâ
hn-j-b-s¯ Ip-dn-¨v am-{X-a-Ã. H-cp Ip-«n, H-cp
hn-ZymÀ-°n-\n B-ß-l-Xy sN-bv-Xp F-¶ hmÀ-
¯, A-Xv F-´v Im-c-Ww sIm@p-am-I-s«, B
hmÀ-¯ \-½-fn D@m-¡p-¶ H-cp am-\-kn-I-
am-b X-IÀ-¨-bp@tÃm, A-Xv h-Ãm-s¯m-cp
A-h-Ø-bm-Wv. ]-t£ B hmÀ-¯ Im-Wp-
t¼mÄ X-s¶ B hmÀ-¯-tbm-Sv \-½Ä {]-Xn-
I-cn-¡p-¶ H-cp co-Xn-bp@v, A-Xn-\p-]-I-cw,
X-§-fp-sS hm-Z-§Ä ap-t¶m-«v sh-¡m-\p-Å
A-h-k-c-am-bn Im-Wp-¶ H-cp a-\p-jy-hn-cp-²-X
D@tÃm, A-Xm-Wv F-s¶ Iq-Sp-XÂ B-i-¦-
s¸- S p- ¯ p- ¶ - X v. A- ¯ - c w a- \ p- j y- h n-
cp-²-X-bp-Å Nn-e A-[ym-]-IÀ F-§-s\-bm-Wv
A-[ym-]-IÀ B-bn C-cn-¡p-¶p F-¶v t]m-epw
Rm³ kw-i-bn-¨p t]m-hp-I-bm-Wv.
? Iq-Sp-XÂ B-i-¦-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xv.
ap³-]v \-½-p-sS Cu kw-hm-Z ]-c-¼-c-bnÂ
s{]m-^-kÀ kp-aw-K-e Zm-tam-Z-c³ kw-km-cn-¨n-
cp-¶p. Cu ]p-Xn-b am-ä-¯n-sâ km-l-N-cy-s¯
Ip-dn-¨v km-aq-ln-I-am-b H-cp Im-gv-N-¸m-Sn \n-¶v
sIm@v, h-f-sc {]-k-à-am-b Nn-e hn-aÀ-i-\-
§Ä A-hÀ ap-t¶m-«v sh-¨n-«p@m-bn-cp-¶p. Cu
12
Hm¬-sse³ hn-Zym-`ym-k-¯n-sâ
hn-j-b-s¯¡p-dn-¨v am-{X-a-Ã. H-cp
Ip-«n, H-cp hn-ZymÀ-°n-\n B-ß-l-
Xy sN-bv-Xp F-¶ hmÀ-¯, A-Xv
F-´v Im-c-Ww sIm@p-am-I-s«,
B hmÀ-¯ \-½-fn D@m-¡p-¶
am-\-kn-I-am-b X-IÀ-¨-bp@tÃm,
A-Xv h-Ãm-s¯m-cp A-h-Ø-bm-Wv.
]-t£ B hmÀ-¯ Im-Wp-t¼mÄ
X-s¶ B hmÀ-¯-tbm-Sv \-½Ä
{]-Xn-I-cn-¡p-¶ H-cp co-Xn-bp@v,
A-Xn-\p-]-I-cw, X-§-fp-sS hm-Z-
§Ä ap-t¶m-«v sh-¡m-\p-Å A-h-
k-c-am-bn Im-Wp-¶ H-cp a-\p-jy-hn-
cp-²-X D@tÃm, A-Xm-Wv F-s¶
A-¯-cw a-\p-jy-hn-
cp-²-X-bp-Å Nn-e A-[ym-]-IÀ
F-§-s\-bm-Wv A-[ym-]-IÀ B-bn
C-cn-¡p-¶p F-¶v t]m-epw
kw-i-bn-¨p t]m-hp-I-bm-Wv.
6 Pq¬ 2020
hn-aÀ-i-\-§-sf Ip-dn-¨p-Å Zm-tam-ZÀ {]-km-Zn-
sâ A-`n-{]m-bw F-´m-Wv.
\-ap-¡v C-t¸m-gpw CâÀ-s\-än-eq-sS ¢m-Êv
\-S-¯n-bn-«p-Å ]-cn-N-bw Xm-c-X-tay-\ h-f-sc
Ip-d-hm-Wv. C-Xv tI-c-f-¯n am-{X-ap-Å H-cp
Im-cy-a-Ã, tem-I-¯n-sâ ap-gp-h³ Im-cyw F-Sp-
¯v t\m-¡n-bm X-s¶ \-½Ä-¡v a-\-Ên-em-
¡m³ ]-äpw. A-§-s\ k-¼qÀ-W-am-bpw km-
t¦-Xn-I (Virtual) X-e-¯n-te-¡v am-dn-bn-«p-Å
kÀ-h-I-em-im-e-I-sfm-¶pw tem-I-¯v C-t¸m-gpw
\n-e-hn-en-Ã. A-§-s\ H-cp kv-IqÄ kw-hn-[m-
\-hpw C-Ã. D-Zm-l-c-W-¯n-\v \-½p-sS kv-IqÄ
kw-hn-[m-\w F-Sp-¡p-I, cm-hn-se H³-]-X-c-bv-¡v
¢m-Êv Xp-S-§n hn-hn-[ ]o-cn-b-Up-I-fn-eq-sS
t]m-bn ssh-In-«v aq-¶-c-bv-¡v Xo-cp-¶ H-cp ssSw-
tS-_nÄ co-Xn-bm-Wv \-½Ä-¡p-Å-Xv. C-sX-§-
s\-bm-Wv Hm¬-sse-\n-te-¡v A-\p-I-cn-¡p-I,
C-tX co-Xn X-s¶-bm-bn-cn-¡p-tam Hm¬-sse-
\n-epw D@m-hp-I Xp-S-§n-b Im-cy-§-fm-Wv
\-½Ä B-tem-Nn-¡p-I-bpw NÀ-¨ sN-¿p-I-bpw
sN-¿p-¶-Xv. A-Xm-b-Xv \n-e-hn tIm-hn-Un-sâ
k-a-b-¯v kv-Iq-fp-IÄ-¡pw tIm-tf-Pp-IÄ-¡pw
\nÀ-_-Ôn-X-am-b A-h-[n B-bn-cn-¡p-¶ km-
l-Nc - y-¯n F-§s - \-bm-Wv Hm¬-sse-\n-eq-sS
¢m-kp-IÄ ]p-\-cm-hn-jv-I-cn-¡p-I F-¶ Im-cy-
am-Wv {]-[m-\-am-bn-«pw C-t¸mÄ B-tem-Nn-¨p
sIm@n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.
Hm¬-sse-\n-eq-sS-bp-Å ¢m-Êv B-bn-cn-¡p-
tam, F-§-s\-bm-Wv Ip-«n-IÄ A-Xn-s\ kzo-I-
cn-¡p-I, F-§-s\-bm-Wv hn-\n-a-bw \-S-¯p-I,
G-sXm-s¡ X-c-¯n-em-Wv A-Xn-sâ A-\-´-c-
^-e-§Ä D@m-hp-I... C-Xn-sem-¶pw \-½Ä-¡v
B co-Xn-bn-ep-Å A-\p-`-h-§Ä C-Ã. \-½Ä
sN-bv-Xp ]Tn-¡p-t¶ D-Åp. A-Xn-sâ {]m-Y-an-I
Im-cy-am-bn Rm³ ]-d-bp-¶-Xv, km-t¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy
cq-]-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv F-§-s\ B-Wv? km-t¦-Xn-I-
hn-Zy-bp-sS km-aq-ln-I-cq-]o-I-c-Ww (social shaping
6 Pq¬ 2020
k-¼qÀ-W-am-bpw km-t¦-Xn-I (Virtu-
al) X-e-¯n-te-¡v am-dn-bn-«p-Å kÀ-
h-I-em-im-e-I-sfm-¶pw tem-I-¯v
C-t¸m-gpw \n-e-hn-en-Ã. A-§-s\
H-cp kv-IqÄ kw-hn-[m-\-hpw C-Ã.
D-Zm-l-c-W-¯n-\v \-½p-sS kv-IqÄ
kw-hn-[m-\w F-Sp-¡p-I, cm-hn-se
H³-]-X-c-bv-¡v ¢m-Êv Xp-S-§n hn-
hn-[ ]o-cn-b-Up-I-fn-eq-sS t]m-bn
ssh-In-«v aq-¶-c-bv-¡v Xo-cp-¶ H-cp
ssSw-tS-_nÄ co-Xn-bm-Wv \-½Ä-¡p-
Å-Xv. C-sX-§-s\-bm-Wv Hm¬-sse-
\n-te-¡v A-\p-I-cn-¡p-I, C-tX
co-Xn X-s¶-bm-bn-cn-¡p-tam Hm¬-
sse-\n-epw D@m-hp-I Xp-S-§n-b
Im-cy-§-fm-Wv \-½Ä B-tem-Nn-
¡p-I-bpw NÀ-¨ sN-¿p-I-bpw sN-
¿p-¶-Xv.
of technology) F-¶ B-i-b-am-Wv km-t¦-Xn-I-
hn-Zy-sb Ip-dn-¨p-Å kn-²m-´-§-fn G-ä-hpw
kzo-Im-cy-am-bn-«p-Å-Xv. km-t¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy-sb
\-½Ä cq-]-s¸-Sp-¯p-I-bm-Wv sN-¿p-¶-Xv. \n-c-
h-[n-bm-bn-«p-Å a-\p-jy-{]-tbm-K§ - f
- n-eq-sS-bm-Wv
Hm-tcm km-t¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy-bpw A-Xn-sâ ]p-Xn-b
kz-`m-hw BÀ-Pn-¡p-¶-Xv. A-§-s\-bm-Wv A-Xv
am- d p- I - b pw, A- X n- \ p ]p- X n- b X- S - k - § Ä
(dsiruptions) D@m-Ip-I-bpw, ]p-Xn-b Ø-e-§-fn-
te-s¡m-s¡ A-Xv hn-\y-kn-¡p-I-bpw sN-¿p-¶-
Xv. Nn-e-t¸mÄ H-tc km-t¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy Ip-td-Im-
ew \n-e-\nÂ-¡mw. C-Xn-s\m-s¡-bm-Wv \-½Ä
km-t¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy-bp-sS km-aq-ln-I cq-]o-I-c-Ww
13

F-¶v ]-d-bp-¶-Xv. \-½-sf kw-_-Ôn-¨n-S-t¯m-
fw C-t¸m-gpw A-¯-cw A-\p-`-h-§Ä C-Ã.
C-¯-c-¯n H-cp A-\p-`-hw C-Ãm-¯-Xn-sâ
]-Ým-¯-e-¯n \n-¶v sIm@m-Wv \-½Ä
C-Xn-s\-¡p-dn-¨p-Å h-f-sc `m-hn-kw-_-Ôn-bm-b
Im-cy-§-fpw F-XnÀ-¯pw A-\p-Iq-en-¨pw ]-d-bp-
¶-Xv.
A-§-s\ F-XnÀ-¯pw A-\p-Iq-en-¨pw ]-d-bp-
t¼mÄ \-½Ä a-\-Ên-em-t¡@Xv H-cp Im-cyw
F-s´-¶mÂ, Hm¬-sse-\n-s\-bm-Wv F-XnÀ-
¡m³ D-t±-in-¡p-¶-Xv F-¦n {]m-tbm-Kn-I-am-b
ap³ A-\p-`-h-§Ä sh-¨p-sIm@v H-cp-]m-Sv Im-
cy-§Ä ]-d-bm³ D@m-Ipw. Im-c-Ww \n-e-hnÂ
\-½Ä A-\p-`-hn-¡p-¶ hy-h-Ø-bp-sS Nn-e aq-
ey-§-fpw Kp-W-§-fp-ap@v. A-Xn-\v \-½Ä ap³-
K-W-\ sIm-Sp-¯m X-s¶ Cu Hm¬-sse³
¢m-Êv F-{X-am-{Xw A-{]-k-à-am-sW-¶v ]-d-
bm³ F-fp-¸-am-bn-cn-¡pw. A-Xp-am-bn _-Ô-s¸-
«v A-h-X-cn-¸n-¡m³ Ip-d-¨v I-W-¡p-I-fpw \-½Ä-
¡v In-«pw. Im-cW
- w Hm¬-sse³ k-ao-] Im-e¯ - v
D-Å-Xpw, F-¶m a-tä-Xn-\v ZoÀ-L-Im-e-s¯
A-\p-`-h-hpw N-cn-{X-hpw H-s¡-bp@v. Rm³
Hm¬-sse-\n-s\ A-\p-Iq-en-¨m-Wv kw-km-cn-
¡m³ t]m-Ip-¶-Xv F-¦n C-Xn-sâ `m-hn km-
[y-X-I-sf sh-¨p-sIm@v Ip-sd I-W-¡p-IÄ
ap-t¶m-«v sh-¡m³ F-\n-¡v I-gn-bpw; ]-g-b-sX-
Ãmw tam-i-am-Wv, ]p-Xn-b-Xm-Wv G-ä-hpw km-[y-
am-bn-«p-Å Im-cyw, \-½Ä {]m-No-\ Po-hn-X-¯n-
te-¡m-Wv t]m-Ip-¶-Xv Xp-S-§n-bn-«p-Å ]-e
km-t¦-Xn-I-ssh-Z-Kv-[y (technocratic) hm-Z-§-fpw
D-]-tbm-Kn-¨v sIm@v F-\n-¡v Cu hm-Z-§-sf
14
\n-c-kn-¡m-\pw km-[n-¡pw. Cu c@v \n-e-
]m-Spw kzo-I-cn-¡m-\-Ã Rm³ B-{K-ln-¡p-¶-Xv.
C-Xn-sâ a-[y-¯n-eq-sS H-cp H-¯p-XoÀ-¸v amÀ-K-
¯n-te-¡v t]m-Ip-¶-Xpw F-\n-¡v A-{X kzo-
km-t¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy-bp-sS km-aq-ln-I-
cq-]o-I-c-Ww (social shaping of technology)
F-¶ B-i-b-am-Wv km-t¦-Xn-I-
hn-Zy-sb¡p-dn-¨p-Å kn-²m-´-§-
fn G-ä-hpw kzo-Im-cy-am-bn-«p-Å-Xv.
km-t¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy-sb \-½Ä cq-]-s¸-
Sp-¯p-I-bm-Wv sN-¿p-¶-Xv. \n-c-h-
[n-bm-b a-\p-jy-{]-tbm-K-§-fn-eq-sS-
bm-Wv Hm-tcm km-t¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy-bpw
A-Xn-sâ ]p-Xn-b kz-`m-hw BÀ-
Pn-¡p-¶-Xv. A-§-s\-bm-Wv A-Xv
am-dp-I-bpw, A-Xn-\p ]p-Xn-b X-S-
k-§Ä (dsiruptions) D@m-Ip-I-bpw,
]p-Xn-b Ø-e-§-fn-te-s¡m-s¡
A-Xv hn-\y-kn-¡p-I-bpw sN-¿p-¶-
Xv. Nn-e-t¸mÄ H-tc km-t¦-Xn-I-hn-
Zy Ip-td-¡m-ew \n-e-\nÂ-¡mw.
6 Pq¬ 2020
Im-cy-am-bn tXm-¶p-¶n-Ã. a-dn-¨v Rm³ Im-Wp-
¶-Xv, C-Xn-sâ H-cp A-[ym-]-\-]T-\ {]-{In-b-sb
(teachinglearning process) Ip-dn-¨m-Wv. ZoÀ-L-Im- Hm¬-sse³ ¢m-Êv F-{X-am-{Xw
e-am-bn ]-e cq-]-¯n cq-]-s¸-Sp-I-bpw am-dp-I- A-{]-k-à-am-sW-¶v ]-d-bm³
bpw sN-bv-X, H-cp {]-tXy-I co-Xn-bn B-hn- F-fp-¸-am-bn-cn-¡pw. A-Xp-am-bn
jv - I r- X - a m- b n \- ½ Ä- ¡ p ap- ¶ n- e p- Å H- c p
A-[ym-]-\-]T-\ {]-{In-b-bp-sS cq-]-ap@v. A-Xn- _-Ô-s¸-«v A-h-X-cn-¸n-¡m³
\v H-cp {]-tXy-I kz-`m-h-ap@v; A-Xn-sâ D-Û-hw Ip-d-¨v I-W-¡p-I-fpw \-½Ä-¡v
hy-h-km-b ap-X-em-fn-¯-¯n-sâ Im-e-L-«-¯n- In-«pw. Im-c-Ww Hm¬-sse³ k-ao-]
em-Wv, C-´y-bn B-sW-¦n sIm-tfm-Wn-b Im-e-¯v D-Å-Xpw, F-¶m a-tä-Xn-
Im-e-¯n-sâ `m-K-am-bn h-¶-Xm-Wv A-Xn-sâ \v ZoÀ-L-Im-e-s¯ A-\p-`-h-hpw
L-S-\-I-sfm-s¡ X-s¶-bpw. A-Xn-\p hy-mh-km- N-cn-{X-hpw H-s¡-bp@v. Rm³
bn-I-am-b kz-`m-h-ap@v. C-§-s\-bm-Wv kÀ-h- Hm¬-sse-\n-s\ A-\p-Iq-en-¨m-
I-em-im-e-I-fpw ¢m-Êp-I-fpw H-s¡ cq-]-s¸-«n-
«p-Å-Xv. C-Xv A-tX-]-Sn F-Ãm-Im-e-¯pw \n- Wv kw-km-cn-¡m³ t]m-Ip-¶-Xv
e-\nÂ-¡pw F-¶v bm-sXm-cp D-d-¸pw C-Ã. F-¦n C-Xn-sâ `m-hn km-[y-X-I-
A-§-s\ \n-e-\nÂ-t¡@ B-h-iy-hp-an-Ã. sf sh-¨p-sIm@v Ip-sd I-W-¡p-
Cu ]T-\ {]-{In-b-sb ]p-Xn-b Im-e-s¯ IÄ ap-t¶m-«v sh-¡m³ F-\n-¡v
\-h-km-t¦-Xn-I hn-Zy-I-fn-te-¡v F-§-s\-bm-Wv I-gn-bpw; ]-g-b-sX-Ãmw tam-i-am-Wv,
F- Ã m- h sc--b pw DÄ- s ¡m- Å n- ¨ p- s Im@v ]p-Xn-b-Xm-Wv G-ä-hpw km-[y-am-bn-
(inclusive) DÄ-t¨À-¡m³ ]-äp-I. ]T-\ {]-{In- «p-Å Im-cyw, \-½Ä {]m-No-\ Po-hn-X-
b F-§-s\-bm-Wv P-\m-[n-]-Xy h-Xv-I-cn-¡-s¸- ¯n-te-¡m-Wv t]m-Ip-¶-Xv Xp-S-§n-
tS@Xv, F-§-s\-bm-Wv Iq-Sp-XÂ hn-ZymÀ-
°n-IÄ-¡v ]T-\ {]-{In-b-bn-te-¡v h-cm³ ]-äp- bn-«p-Å ]-e km-t¦-Xn-I-ssh-Z-Kv-[y
I, F-§-s\-bm-Wv C-Xv Iq-Sp-XÂ kp-K-a-am- (technocratic) hm-Z-§-fpw D-]-tbm-Kn-¨v
¡m³ ]-äp-I F-¶o B-tem-N-\-I-fn \n-¶m- sIm@v F-\n-¡v Cu hm-Z-§-sf
bn-cn-¡-Ww Cu ]p-Xn-b km-t¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy-I-sf \n-c-kn-¡m-\pw km-[n-¡pw.
kzo-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-s\ Ip-dn-¨p-Å \-½-fp-sS Nn-
´-IÄ D@m-tI@Xv. A-X-Ãm-sX \-½-fp-sS
ap-¶n H-cp {]-Xn-k-Ôn-bp@v, \-½p-sS ssI-
bn H-cp km-t¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy D@v, Cu {]-Xn-k- hn-ZymÀ-°n \-½p-sS ]-g-b k-¦Â-¸-§Ä A-
Ôn-sb a-dn-I-S-¡m³ Cu km-t¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy-sb \p-k-cn-¨v _p-²n-Ip-d-ª hn-ZymÀ-°n-bm-bn-«m-Wv
F-§-s\ D-]-tbm-Kn-¡mw F-¶p-Å-Xn-t\-¡mÄ I-W-¡m-¡-s¸-Sp-I. ]-t£ XoÀ-¨-bm-bn-«pw B
D-]-cn-bm-bn-«p \-½Ä Im-tW@Xv \-½p-sS hn-ZymÀ-°n a-säm-cp X-e-¯n I-gn-hp-Å B-fm-
A-[ym-]-I-]T-\ {]-{In-b-sb Iq-Sp-XÂ DÄ-
t¨À-¶ hn-[-¯n B-¡m³ th@n, Iq-Sp-XÂ
kp-K-aam-¡m³ th@n-bm-Wv Cu A-h-k-c-s¯
Im-tW@Xv. hn-Zym-`ym-k k-{¼-Zm-b-s¯ P-
\m-[n-]-Xy-h-Xv-¡-cn-¡p-¶p F-¶v ]-d-bp-¶-Xv
F-§-s\-bm-Wv? c@v X-c-¯n-se P-\m-[n-]-
Xy-hÂ-¡-c-W-am-Wv; H-¶v, C-Xp-h-sc Cu hn-
Zy-m`ym-k k-{¼-Zm-bw \n-tj-[n-¡-s¸-« h-en-
sbm-cp P-\-hn-`m-Kw Ip-«n-IÄ, ]-e Im-c-W-§Ä
sIm@m-bn-cn-¡mw, km-¼-¯n-I Im-c-Ww B-bn-
cn-¡mw, km-aq-ln-I Im-c-W-§Ä B-bn-cn-¡mw,
a-äp {]-iv-\-§Ä A-`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xv sIm
@m-Imw C-¯-c-¯n \-½p-sS hn-Zym-`ym-k
k-{¼-Zm-b-¯n-sâ ]p-d-t¯-¡p t]m-bn-«p-Å
Ip-«n-I-sf F-§-s\-bm-Wv C-Xn-te-¡v sIm@p-
h-cp-I? c@v, ]T-\-{]-{In-b-sb A-[n-Im-c-hy-h-
Øn-Xn-I-fn \n-¶v Iq-Sp-X kp-K-a-am-¡m³
I-gn-bp-tam F-¶-Xm-Wv. Ip-«n-IÄ-¡n-S-bn ]-e
X-c-¯n-ep-Å hn-`-P-\-§Ä ¢m-Êp-I-fn D@v.
C-t¸mÄ, K-Wn-X-im-kv-{Xw F-¶ hn-j-bw F-Sp-
¡p-I-bm-sW-¦n F-Ãm-h-cpw H-cp-t]m-se tim-
`n-¡-Ww F-¶n-Ã-tÃm, Nn-e-t¸mÄ Cw-¥o-jnÂ
F-Ãm-h-cpw H-cp-t]m-se tim-`n-¡-Ww F-¶n-Ã.
A-hn-sS K-Wn-X-im-kv-{X-¯n tim-`n-¡m-¯
6 Pq¬ 2020
15

bn-cn-¡pw. th@ co-Xn-bn ]-d-ªp sIm-Sp-
¯m H-cp-]-t£ K-Wn-X-im-kv-{Xw X-s¶ B
Ip-«n-¡v \-à co-Xn-bn a-\-kn-em-Ip-am-bn-cn-¡mw.
A-hn-sS F-§-s\-bm-Wv ]T-\-{]-{In-b-sb P-\m-
[n-]-Xy-h-Xv-I-cn-¡m³ th@n \-h-km-t¦-Xn-I-
hn-Zy-sb D-]-tbm-Kn-¡p-I? Cu H-cp k-ao-]-\-
¯n \n-¶p-sIm@m-Wv Rm³ Cu km-t¦-
Xn-I-hn-Zy-I-sf F-§-s\ D-]-tbm-Kn-¡m-\m-Ipw
F-¶pw C-Xn-s\ DÄ-t¨À-¯p sIm@p-Å ]-cn-
hÀ-¯-\w F-§-s\ km-[y-am-Ipw F-¶pw A-
t\z-jn-¡p-¶-Xv.
aq-¶m-a-Xm-bn H-cp Im-cyw ]-d-bm-\p-Å-Xv
\-½p-sS A-[ym-]-I k-aq-lw, A-Xm-b-Xv e-Ï-
{]-Xn-jvT-cm-b ]-e A-[ym-]-I-cpw, \-½Ä _-lp-
am-\n-¡p-¶ H-«-\-h-[n A-[ym-]-IÀ, Cu hn-j-
b- ¯ n {]- X n- I - c n- ¨ n- « p@v . A- h - s cm- s ¡
X-s¶-bpw h-f-sc hn-aÀ-i-\m-ß-I-am-b co-Xn-bn-
em-Wv {]-Xn-I-cn-¨n-«p-Å-Xv. C-§-s\ H-cp DÄ-t¨-
c-en-s\ Ip-dn-¨v A-hÀ-¡v H-cp-]m-Sv B-i-¦-IÄ
D@v. XoÀ-¨-bm-bpw B B-i-¦-IÄ A-`n-kw-
t_m-[-\ sN-¿-s¸-tS@Xv X-s¶-bm-Wv F-¶m-
Wv Rm³ hn-iz-kn-¡p-¶-Xv. Im-c-Ww A-hÀ
ZoÀ-L-Im-e-am-bn A-[ym-]-I-cm-bn, \-Ã A-¡m-
U-an-¡p-I-fm-bn tim-`n-¨h-cm-Wv. Cu km-t¦-Xn-
I-hn-Zy-I-sf Ip-dn-¨v \-Ã [m-c-W D-Å-h-cm-Wv
A-h-cn ]-e-cpw. A-Xp-sIm@v X-s¶ A-hÀ
]-d-bp-¶ hm-Z-§Ä \-½Ä Aw-Ko-I-cn-¡p-I-bpw,
A-Xv \-½Ä DÄ-s¡m-Åp-I-bpw, A-§-s\-C-S-
s]-S-ep-IÄ h-gn km-t¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy-sb DÄ-s¸-Sp-
¯n- ]T-\-co-Xn-bp-sS km-[y-X-IÄ A-t\z-jn-
¡p-I-bpw, A-Xv B-hn-jv-I-cn-¡m-\pw \-ap-¡v
I-gn-bpw. A-hÀ D-¶-bn-¨ hm-Z-§Ä \-½Ä-¡v
H-s¶m-¶m-bn ]-cn-tim-[n-¡mw. H-¶v, km-t¦-Xn-I
A-´-cw (A-sÃ-¦n Un-Pn-ä hn-`-P-\w) B-Wv.
c@v, Cu am-[y-a-¯n hn-aÀ-i-\m-ß-I Nn-´m-
ti-jn (critical thinking) Ip-d-bp-¶p F-¶-Xm-Wv.
aq-¶v, ¢m-Êv-dqw F-¶ km-aq-ln-I C-S-am-Wv(social
space),"hnÀ-Nyp C-S-¯nÂ' (virtual space) A-Xv
km-[y-a-Ã. \m-em-a-s¯ hm-Zw, C-Xv kz-Im-cy-X-
16
sb _m- [ n- ¡ p- I - b pw, "kÀ- s h- b v - e ³- k v '
(surveillance) Iq-Sp-I-bpw sN-bp-¶p F-¶-Xm-Wv.
{]-[m-\-am-bpw Cu \m-ev hm-Z-§-fm-Wv A-hÀ
ap-t¶m-«v sh-¡p-¶-Xv F-¶m-Wv Rm³ a-\-kn-
em-¡p-¶-Xv. Nn-e-t¸mÄ C-Xn Iq-Sp-X hm-Z-
§Ä D@m- b n- c n- ¡ mw. F- à m hm- Z - § - f pw
{]-k-à-am-Wv, F-¶m-epw, C-Xn \-½p-sS ap-
¶n G-ä-hpw aqÀ-¯-am-bn \nÂ-¡p-¶ H-cp
{]-iv-\w "km-t¦-Xn-I A-´-cw'(digital divide)
F-¶ hn-j-b-am-Wv. C-Xv ZoÀ-L-Im-e-am-bn Xp-
S-cp-¶ {]-iv-\-am-Wv, A-]-cn-lm-cy-am-bn Xp-S-cp-¶
{]-iv-\-am-Wv. C-Xn-s\ F-§-s\ k-ao-]n-¡mw
ZoÀ-L-Im-e-am-bn ]-e cq-]-¯n cq-
]-s¸-Sp-I-bpw am-dp-I-bpw sN-bv-X,
H-cp {]-tXy-I co-Xn-bn B-hn-jv-
Ir-X-am-bn \-½Ä-¡p ap-¶n-ep-Å
H-cp A-[ym-]-\-]T-\ {]-{In-b-bp-sS
cq-]-ap@v. A-Xn-\v H-cp {]-tXy-I
kz-`m-h-ap@v; A-Xn-sâ D-Û-hw
hy-h-km-b ap-X-em-fn-¯-¯n-sâ
Im-e-L-«-¯n-em-Wv, C-´y-bnÂ
B-sW-¦n sIm-tfm-Wn-b Im-
e-¯n-sâ `m-K-am-bn h-¶-Xm-Wv
A-Xn-sâ L-S-\-I-sfm-s¡ X-s¶-
bpw. A-Xn-\p hy-mh-km-bn-I-am-b
kz-`m-h-ap@v. C-§-s\-bm-Wv
kÀ-h-I-em-im-e-I-fpw ¢m-Êp-I-
fpw H-s¡ cq-]-s¸-«n-«p-Å-Xv. C-Xv
A-tX-]-Sn F-Ãm-Im-e-¯pw \n-
e-\nÂ-¡pw F-¶v bm-sXm-cp
D-d-¸pw C-Ã. A-§-s\ \n-e-\nÂ-
t¡@ B-h-iy-hp-an-Ã.
6 Pq¬ 2020
F-¶-Xm-Wv \-½Ä B-Zyw B-tem-Nn-t¡@
Im-cyw.
? ]T-\{]-{In-b F-§-s\-bm-Wv
Hm¬-sse³ ]T-\w `m-hn-bp-sS am-[y-aw am- P-\m-[n-]-Xy h-Xv-I-cn-¡-s¸-tS@Xv,
{Xw A-Ã F-¶pw C-¶n-sâ X-s¶ am-[y-a-am-bn F-§-s\-bm-Wv Iq-Sp-XÂ hn-ZymÀ-
am-dn-bn-cn-¡p-¶p-sh-¶pw, Cu \-h-hn-Zym-`ym-k °n-IÄ-¡v ]T-\ {]-{In-b-bn-te-¡v
am-[y-a-s¯ tImÀ-]-td-äp-IÄ-¡v hn-«p-sIm-Sp- h-cm³ ]-äp-I, F-§-s\-bm-Wv C-Xv
¡m-Xn-cn-¡p-I F-¶-Xv am-{X-am-Wv \-½p-sS Iq-Sp-XÂ kp-K-a-am-¡m³ ]-äp-I
Pm-{K-X sIm@v \mw t\-Sn-sb-Sp-t¡@Xv F-¶ F-¶o B-tem-N-\-I-fn \n-¶m-
A-`n-{]m-bw Zm-tam-ZÀ {]-km-Zn-\p@v. ]-t£ bn-cn-¡-Ww Cu ]p-Xn-b km-t¦-Xn-
F-sâ tNm-Zyw, F-sâ t^-kv-_p-¡v A-¡u@v I-hn-Zy-I-sf kzo-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-s\
t]m-epw, F-sâ k-aq-l-am-[y-a-§-fn-se F-Ãm
C-S-s]-S-ep-I-fpw tImÀ-]-td-äp-IÄ \n-b-{´n-¡p- ¡p-dn-¨p-Å \-½-fp-sS Nn-´-IÄ
¶p@v F-¶ hy-à-am-b t_m-[yw F-\n-¡v D@m-tI@Xv. A-X-Ãm-sX \-½-fp-
D@v. F-{X-am-{Xw km-[y-am-Wv \-½p-sS ¢m-Êv sS ap-¶n H-cp {]-Xn-k-Ôn-bp@v,
ap-dn-I-sf tImÀ-]-td-äp-I-fn \n-¶v hn-ap-à-am- \-½p-sS ssI-bn H-cp km-t¦-Xn-I-
¡p-hm³. hn-Zy D@v, Cu {]-Xn-k-Ôn-sb a-dn-
kÀ-Æ-ta-J-e-I-fn-epw tImÀ-¸-td-äv XmÂ-]-cy- I-S-¡m³ Cu km-t¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy-sb
§Ä I-S-¶p h-cp-¶p@v. k-aq-l am-[y-a-§-fp- F-§-s\ D-]-tbm-Kn-¡mw F-¶p-Å-
sS ap-X-em-fn-amÀ F-Ãmw tImÀ-]-td-äp-I-fm-Wv,
A-Xp-t]m-se km-t¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy ssI-h-i-ap-Å
Xn-t\-¡mÄ D-]-cn-bm-bn-«p \-½Ä
]-e h³-In-S tImÀ-]-td-äp-I-fpw C-¶v hn-Zym- Im-tW@Xv \-½p-sS A-[ym-]-I-
`ym-k ta-J-e-bn-te-¡v C-d-§n-bn-«p@v. B ]T-\ {]-{In-b-sb Iq-Sp-XÂ DÄ-
hn-j-b-s¯ Ip-dn-¨v ]-d-bp-t¼mÄ B-Zyw A-`n- t¨À-¶ hn-[-¯n B-¡m³
kw-t_m-[-\ sN-t¿@Xv, Rm³ t\-c-s¯ th@n, Iq-Sp-XÂ kp-K-aam-¡m³
kq-Nn-¸n-¨-Xv t]m-se, ]-e A-[ym-]-I-cpw A-¡m- th@n-bm-Wv Cu A-h-k-c-s¯
U-an-¡p-I-fpw H-s¡ D-¶-bn-¨ "Un-Pn-ä A-´- Im-tW@Xv.
cw' F-¶ hn-j-b-am-Wv. F-´m-Wv Un-Pn-äÂ
A-´-c-¯n-sâ {]-iv-\w? F-§-s\-bm-Wv A-Xv
h-cp-¶-Xv? c@v X-c-¯n-em-Wv Un-Pn-ä A-´-
c-¯n-sâ {]-iv-\w {]-[m-\-am-bpw \-½Ä Im-Wp-
¶-Xv. H-¶v, Ip-«n-IÄ-¡v e-`n-t¡@ lmÀ-Uv
sh-b-dp-IÄ (hardware), Km-Uv-P-äp-IÄ (gadget)
A-S-¡-ap-Å kw-hn-[m-\-§Ä C-Ãm-¯-Xn-sâ
{]-iv-\w. F-Ãm hn-ZymÀ-°n-IÄ-¡pw Cu Hm¬-
sse³ ¢m-kp-IÄ e-`y-am-Ip-¶ L-«-¯n A-Xv
Im- W m- \ pw tIÄ- ¡ m- \ pw D- Å em- ] v - t Sm-
]v ku-I-cy-tam, sam-ss_-tem, kv-amÀ-«v t^m-
tWm e-`y-am-I-Ww F-¶n-Ã. C-sXm-s¡ \-Ã
ap-XÂ-ap-S-¡v B-h-iy-amb km-[-\-§-fm-Wv.
c@m-as - ¯ Im-cyw, "I-WI - vä- n-hn-än' (Connectivtiy)
A-Y-hm _-Ô-s¸-Sp-¶-Xn-se {]-iv-\-am-Wv.
H-cp-]m-Sv t]-sc _m-[n-¡p-¶ hn-j-b-am-Wv.
C-t¸m-gpw i-cn-bm-b CâÀ-s\-äv ku-I-cyw
]-e-bn-S-¯pw C-Ã, F-Ãm ta-J-e-I-fn-epw "_m³-
Uzn-Uv-¯n-sâ' (bandwidth) {]-iv-\-ap@v. Cu
c@v {]-iv-\-§-fpw \n-e-\nÂ-s¡, "s\-ävhÀ-¡v
t_- k v - U v ¹m- ä v - t ^man'- s \ (Network based
Platform) B-kv-]-Z-am-¡n-b hn-\n-a-b-s¯ Ip-dn-
¨m-Wv \-½Ä kw-km-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. td-Un-tbm,
sS-en-hn-j³ ap-X-em-b sN-e-hv Ip-d-ª am-[y-
a-§Ä D-]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶ Im-cyw A-à \-½Ä
C-t¸mÄ Nn-´n-¡p-¶-Xv. \-½Ä {]-[m-\-am-bpw
s\-ävhÀ-¡v A-Sn-Øm-\-am-¡n-b Hm¬-sse³
hn-Zym-`ym-k-s¯ Ip-dn-¨m-Wv ]-d-bp-¶-Xv. B
A-Sn-Øm-\-¯n-em-Wv Un-Pn-ä A-´-cw F-¶
{]-iv-\w D-¶-bn-¡p-¶-Xv. Un-Pn-ä A-´-cw
Ku-c-h-I-c-am-b {]-iv-\-am-Wv. ssh-Im-cn-I-]-c-
6 Pq¬ 2020
17
am-b H-cp X-e-hpw D@v A-Xn-\-I-¯v. h-en-sbm-
cp hn-`m-K-s¯ ]mÀ-iz-hÂ-¡-cn-¡p-¶ H-cp L-«-
¯n-te-¡m-bn-cn-¡pw A-Xv t]m-hp-I. Un-Pn-äÂ
A-´-c-¯n-sâ {]-iv-\w D-bÀ-¯n-s¡m@v h-cp-
t¼mÄ X-s¶, C-Xn-s\ H-cp {]-Xn-_-Ô-am-bn,
A-sÃ-¦n Hm¬-sse³ hn-Zym-`ym-k-s¯ Xp-
SÀ-¶v sIm@v t]m-Ip-¶-Xn H-cp X-S-k-am-Ip-
¶p F-¶ hm-Zw D-¶-bn-¨v \n-e-\nÀ-t¯@Xm-
tWm, A-tXm Cu hn-j-bw `-c-W-Iq-S X-e-¯nÂ
]-cn-l-cn-¡-s¸-tS@ hn-j-b-am-bn-«m-tWm Im-
tW@Xv F-¶Xm-Wv {]-[m-\-s¸-« tNm-Zyw.
A-t¸mÄ ]-cn-l-cn-¡m-\p-Å h-gn-IÄ F-§-
s\-bm-Wv kzo-I-cn-t¡@Xv? XoÀ-¨-bm-bpw kÀ-
¡m-cn-sâ-bpw, kÀ-¡m-cn-sâ hn-Zym-`ym-k G-P³-
kn-I-fp-sS-bpw, C-X-c G-P³-kn-I-fp-sS-bpw,
X- t ±- i kz- b w- ` - c - W Øm- ] - \ - § - f p- s S- b pw
{]-[m-\-s¸-« Zu-Xy-§-fn H-¶m-bn- C-Xv am-
td@Xp@v. D-Zm-l-c-W-¯n-\v, H-cp Im-cyw C-hn-
sS {i-²n-t¡@Xp@v, 2017 -se _-Uv-P-än-em-Wv
F-¶v tXm-¶p-¶p, CâÀ-s\-äv au-en-Im-h-Im-i-
am-bn {]-Jym-]n-¨ H-cp kÀ-¡m-cm-Wv C-hn-Sp-s¯
kw-Øm-\ kÀ-¡mÀ. [-\-Im-cy a-{´n 2017 -se
_-Uv-P-än A-Xv DÄ-s¡m-Ån-¨n-cp-¶p. A-Xn-sâ
Xp-SÀ-\-S-]-Sn F-¶ \n-e-bv-¡m-Wv X-t±-i kz-bw-
`-c-W Øm-]-\-§Ä DÄ-s¸-sS kw-Øm-\ kÀ-
¡m-cpw, hn-Zym-`ym-k G-P³-kn-I-fpw F-Ãm hn-
ZymÀ-°n-IÄ-¡pw C-Xv D-d-¸p h-cp-t¯@Xv.
ssh-Zy-Xn-bp-sS e-`y-X A-S-¡w H-«-\-h-[n Im-
cy-§Ä C-Xp-am-bn _-Ô-s¸-«v D-d-¸p-h-cp-t¯@
Xm-bp@v. F-§-s\-bm-Wv Ip-d-ª hn-e-bv-¡v
18
C-Xn-\m-h-iyamb D-]-I-c-W-§Ä F-¯n-¡m³
I-gn-bp-I? kÀ-¡mÀ kv-Iq-fp-IÄ am-{X-a-Ã, kz-
Im-cy kv-Iq-fp-I-sf-bpw C-Xn DÄ-s¸-Sp-¯-Ww.
Im-c-Ww kz-Im-cy kv-Iq-fp-I-fn-epw k-aq-l-¯n-
sâ ]-e X-«p-I-fnse hn-ZymÀ-°n-IÄ ]Tn-¡p-
¶p@v. A-Xn H-cp hn-`m-Kw hn-ZymÀ-°n-I-fp-sS
F-´m-Wv Un-Pn-ä A-´-c-¯n-
sâ {]-iv-\w? F-§-s\-bm-Wv A-Xv
h-cp-¶-Xv? c@v X-c-¯n-em-Wv
Un-Pn-ä A-´-c-¯n-sâ {]-iv-\w
{]-[m-\-am-bpw \-½Ä Im-Wp-¶-Xv.
H-¶v, Ip-«n-IÄ-¡v e-`n-t¡@ lmÀ-
Uv sh-b-dp-IÄ (hardware), Km-Uv-P-
äp-IÄ (gadget) A-S-¡-ap-Å kw-hn-
[m-\-§Ä C-Ãm-¯-Xn-sâ {]-iv-\w.
F-Ãm hn-ZymÀ-°n-IÄ-¡pw Cu
Hm¬-sse³ ¢m-kp-IÄ e-`y-am-
Ip-¶ L-«-¯n A-Xv Im-Wm-\pw
tIÄ-¡m-\pw D-Å em-]v-tSm-
]v ku-I-cy-tam, sam-ss_-tem,
kv-amÀ-«v t^m-tWm e-`y-am-I-Ww
F-¶n-Ã. C-sXm-s¡ \-Ã ap-XÂ-ap-S-
¡v B-h-iy-amb km-[-\-§-fm-Wv.
c@m-a-s¯ Im-cyw, "I-W-Iv-än-hn-än'
(Connectivtiy) A-Y-hm _-Ô-s¸-Sp-¶-
Xn-se {]-iv-\-am-Wv. H-cp-]m-Sv t]-sc
_m-[n-¡p-¶ hn-j-b-am-Wv.
6 Pq¬ 2020
ssI-bn sF-t^m¬ A-S-¡-w B-¸n-fn-sâ
D-]-I-c-W-§Ä D@m-Ipw. F-¶m H-cp hn-`m-
Kw Ip-«n-I-fp-sS I-¿n H-cp Km-Uv-P-äp-w D@m-
I-Ww F-¶n-Ã. B km-l-N-cy-§-fn D-Å
hn-ZymÀ-°n-I-sf-bpw c-£n-Xm-¡Ä kz-Im-cy
kv-Iq-fp-I-fn tNÀ-¯n-«p@v. A-hÀ F-§-s\-
bm-Wv Cu {]-iv-\-§Ä ]-cn-l-cn-t¡@Xv?
A-Xm-Xv kv-Iq-fp-I-fp-sS D-¯-c-hm-Zn-Xz-am-bn
C- X n- s \ \nÀ- _ - Ô - a m- b pw am- t ä@Xp@v .
A-Xp-t]m-se D-¶-X hn-Zym-`ym-k X-e-¯n-epw
C-Xv F-§-s\-bm-Wv e-`y-am-¡p-I? \nÀ-_-Ô-
am-bpw A-Xv A-Xm-Xv tIm-f-Pp-I-fp-sS D-¯-c-
hm-Zn-Xz-am-bn am-d-Ww. A-Xn-\p-Å ]-Ww
F-§-s\ I-s@¯pw? A-Xn-\m-bn ]n.Sn.F.
^@p-IÄ, kÀ-¡mÀ ^@p-IÄ, a-äp k-¶-²
kw-L-S-\-I-fp-sS ^@p-IÄ kz-cq-]n-t¡@
D-¯-c-hm-Zn-Xzw {]-[m-\ A-[ym-]-IÀ-¡p@v,
kw-L-S-\m-]-c-am-b D-¯-c-hm-Zn-Xzw D@v, kw-
Øm-\ kÀ-¡m-cn-\p-Å I-S-a-I-fpw D@v. F-Ãm
hn-ZymÀ-Yn-I-fn-te-¡pw Cu Km-Uv-sP-äp-IÄ
F- ¯ n- ¡ p- I F- ¶ p- Å - X n- s \ H- c p D- t «m-
]y³ B-i-b-am-bn H-¶pw Im-tW@Xn-Ã. \-½p-
sS s]m-Xp B-tcm-Ky kw-hn-[m-\w (Public Health
System) F-§-s\-bm-Wv hn-I-kn-¨p h-¶-Xv?
tI-c-f-¯n-se kÀ-h-P-\-§Ä-¡pw G-Xv {]-Xn-
k-Ôn L-«-¯n-epw B-{i-bn-¡m³ I-gn-bp-¶
H-cp kw-hn-[m-\-am-bn C-hn-Sp-s¯ s]m-Xp
B-tcm-Ky kw-hn-[m-\w F-¯n-t¨À-¶n-cn-¡p-¶-
Xv C-Xp-t]m-se- h-en-b C-S-s]-S-ep-I-fn Iq-
sS-bm-Wv. kz-Im-cy B-ip-]-{Xn-IÄ A-¸p-d-
¯p@v. F-¶n-«pw s]m-Xp-P-\m-tcm-Ky ta-J-e
C-{X-bpw an-I-¨p \nÂ-¡p-¶-Xv kÀ-¡mÀ C-S-
s]-S-ep-IÄ sIm@m-Wv.
A-¯-c-¯n s]m-Xp-hn-Zym-`ym-k cw-K-s¯
km-t¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy-bp-sS Im-cyw \nÀ-_-Ô-am-bn
\-S-¸n-em-t¡@ D-¯-c-hm-Zn-Xz-am-bn sIm@p-
h-tc@Xv kw-Øm-\ `-c-W-Iq-Sw X-s¶-bm-Wv.
kw-Øm-\ kÀ-¡mÀ, Rm³ a-\-Ên-em-¡p-¶n-
S-t¯m-fw A-Xv sN-¿m³ X-¿m-dp-am-Wv. tI-c-f
kÀ-¡mÀ {]-tXy-In-¨v C-tX-sä-Sp-¡pw F-¶v
]-d-ªp-sIm@v ]-e {]m-h-iy-hpw amÀ-¤-\nÀ-
tZ-i-§Ä sIm-Sp-¯n-«p-ap@v. H-cp hn-ZymÀ-°n-¡v
t]m-epw \n-tj-[n-¡-s¸-Sp-¶ km-l-N-cy-am-Wv
\-½Ä D-¶-bn-t¡@Xv. B \n-tj-[n-¡-s¸-Sp-¶
hn-ZymÀ-°n-¡v C-Xv F-¯n-¡m-\p-Å kw-L-S-
\m-]-c-am-b, Øm-]-\-]-c-am-b D-¯-c-hm-Zn-Xz-
¯n-te-¡m-Wv A-[ym-]-I-k-aq-lw Cu hn-j-bw
D-¶-bn-t¡@Xv. a-dn-¨v \-½Ä Im-Wp-s¶m-cp
Im-cyw, ssh-Im-cn-I-am-bn Cu hn-j-b-s¯
D-¶-bn-¨p sIm@v Un-Pn-ä A-´-c-¯n-s\ H-cp
{]-Xn-_-Ôw t]m-se D-bÀ-¯n-s¡m@v h-¶v
hn-Úm-\-]-c-am-b H-cp am-ä-¯n-s\ F-´n-\v
\-½Ä X-S-Ê-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p? A-Xm-Wv \-½Ä
B-tem-Nn-t¡@Xv. Cu ssh-Im-cn-I {]-iv-\-
hpw, A-Xp-t]m-se X-s¶ \-½Ä Im-Wp-¶ H-cp
Im-cyw Xn-cn-¨pw C-Xp-t]m-e-s¯ A-[n-t£-]-
§Ä D@m-Ip-¶p@v F-¶-Xm-Wv.
\-½Ä DÄ-s¡m-tÅ@Xv km-t¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy
F-¶-Xv h-f-sc hn-Zq-c-¯v \nÂ-¡p-¶ H-¶-Ã.
6 Pq¬ 2020
km-t¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy D-]-tbm-Kn-¨v F-Ãm-hsc-bpw
DÄ- s ¸- S p- ¯ n hn- Z ym- ` ym- k - s ¯ P- \ m- [ n-
]-Xy-h-Xv-I-cn-t¡@ Im-cyw \-½Ä B-tem-
Nn-t¡@Xm-Wv. A-§-s\ B-sW-¦n C-Xn-sâ
D-¯-c-hm-Zn-Xzw kÀ-¡m-cn-\m-Wv. H-cp hn-ZymÀ-
°n-¡v t]m-epw \n-tj-[n-¡-s]-Sp-¶n-Ã F-¶v
D-d-¸p h-cp-t¯@Xv A-[ym-]-I k-aq-l-¯n-sâ-
bpw B Øm-]-\-¯n-sâ-bpw _m-[y-X-bm-bn
am-dp-t¼mÄ Cu km-aq-ln-I {]-iv-\w ]-cn-l-cn-
¡-s¸-Spw. A-t¸mÄ h-cp-¶ H-cp tNm-Zyw C-Xv
D-S-s\ ]-cn-l-cn-¡-s]-Sp-tam F-¶m-Wv. XoÀ-¨-
bm-bpw B-Zy L-«-¯n {]-iv-\-§Ä D@m-Ip-
am-bn-cn-¡mw. ]-t£, A-§-s\ {]-iv-\-§Ä
D@m-Ip-t¼mÄ D-S-\-Sn X-s¶ A-Xn-\p ]-cn-lm-
cw Im-tW@ _m-[y-X kw-Øm-\ kÀ-¡m-cn-
\p@v. Xp-SÀ-¶v ]T-\-¯n-epw, ]T-\-¯n-sâ
]-co-£-I-fn-epw H-s¡ Cu {]-iv-\-§Ä H-cp
X-S-Ê-am-bn h-¶m kzm-`m-hn-I-am-bpw kÀ-¡m-
cn-\v A-Xv D-t]-£n-t¡@n h-cpw. hn-ZymÀ-°n
kw-L-S-\-IÄ k-Po-h-am-b k-aq-l-am-Wv tI-c-fw.
hn-ZymÀ-°n kw-L-S-\-IÄ-¡v Cu {]-iv-\w D-¶-
bn-¡m-hp-¶-X-sÃ? A-[ym-]-I-cp-sS F-XnÀ-¸m-Wv
{]-[m-\-am-bpw \-½Ä Im-Wp-¶-Xv. hn-Zym-`ym-k-
¯n-sâ e-`y-X A-sÃ-¦n hn-Zym-`ym-kw t\-Sm³
I-gn-bp-I, A-Xn-\p-Å A-h-k-c-ap@m-hp-I F-¶p-
Å-Xv hn-ZymÀ-°n kw-L-S-\-I-fp-sS ]-cn-K-W-
bn h-tc@ Im-cy-am-Wv. hn-ZymÀ-°n kw-L-
S-\-IÄ Im-X-em-bn D-¶-bn-¡p-I-bpw A-Xv h-gn
D-d-¸p h-cp-t¯@Xp-am-b {]-iv-\-am-Wv. Un-Pn-
CâÀ-s\-äv au-en-Im-h-Im-i-am-bn
{]-Jym-]n-¨ H-cp kÀ-¡m-cm-Wv
C-hn-Sp-s¯ kw-Øm-\ kÀ-¡mÀ.
[-\-Im-cy a-{´n 2017 -se _-Uv-P-
än A-Xv DÄ-s¡m-Ån-¨n-cp-¶p.
A-Xn-sâ Xp-SÀ-\-S-]-Sn F-¶ \n-e-bv-
¡m-Wv X-t±-i kz-bw-`-c-W Øm-
]-\-§Ä DÄ-s¸-sS kw-Øm-\
kÀ-¡m-cpw, hn-Zym-`ym-k G-P³-kn-
I-fpw F-Ãm hn-ZymÀ-°n-IÄ-¡pw
C-Xv D-d-¸p h-cp-t¯@Xv. ssh-Zyp-
Xn-bp-sS e-`y-X A-S-¡w H-«-\-h-[n
Im-cy-§Ä C-Xp-am-bn _-Ô-s¸-«v
D-d-¸p-h-cp-t¯@Xm-bp@v. F-§-
s\-bm-Wv Ip-d-ª hn-e-bv-¡v
C-Xn-\m-h-iyamb D-]-I-c-W-§Ä
F-¯n-¡m³ I-gn-bp-I? kÀ-¡mÀ
kv-Iq-fp-IÄ am-{X-a-Ã, kz-Im-cy kv-
Iq-fp-I-sf-bpw C-Xn DÄ-s¸-Sp-¯-
Ww. Im-c-Ww kz-Im-cy kv-Iq-fp-I-fn-
epw k-aq-l-¯n-sâ ]-e X-«p-I-fnse
hn-ZymÀ-°n-IÄ ]Tn-¡p-¶p@v.
19

ä A-´-cw F-¶-Xv H-cp bm-YmÀ-Yy-am-sW-¶n-
cn-s¡ C-Xv ]-cn-l-cn-¡m-\p-Å amÀ-¤-§Ä A-h-
ew-_n-¡p-I-bm-Wv G-ä-hpw D-¯-a-am-b Im-cyw.
Cu A-h-ew-_w \nÀ-_-Ô-am-bn sN-t¿@
Im-cy-am-bn am-äp-I. C-Xv H-cn-¡-epw ]-cn-l-cn-
¡m³ I-gn-bm-¯ H-cp {]-iv-\-am-bn F-\n-¡v
tXm-¶p-¶n-Ã. sI- t^m¬ t]m-se- kÀ-¡mÀ
]-²-Xn-IÄ B-hn-jv-I-cn-¡p-¶ H-cp L-«-¯n-em-
Wv \-½Ä \nÂ-¡p-¶-Xv. Ip-d-ª hn-e-bv-¡v
X-s¶ km-t¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy-bpw, CâÀ-s\-äv ku-I-
cy-§-fpw C-¶v e-`y-am-Wv. ]-e D-]-I-c-W-§-fpw
Ip-d-ª hn-e-bv-¡v e-`y-am-Wv.
F-§-s\-bm-Wv kz-Im-cy ta-J-e-sb C-Xn-te-
¡v sIm@v h- t c@Xv ? kz- I m- c y ta- J - e
\nÀ-_-Ô-am-bpw km-t¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy e-`y-am-¡p-
¶p@v F-¶v kÀ-¡mÀ \n-b-a-]-c-am-bn X-s¶
D-d-¸p h-cp-¯-Ww. C-§-s\ s]m-Xp-hn-Zym-`ym-k
cw-K-t¯-¡v Cu km-t¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy-sb sIm@v
h-cp-t¼mÄ C-Xv s]m-Xp-k-aq-l-¯n-sâ `m-K-am-
bn am-dpw. tImÀ-¸-td-äv hn-Zym-`ym-k {]-iv-\w
F-¶p-t±-in-¡p-¶-sX-´m-Wv? tI-c-f-¯n a-[y-
hÀ-¤-¯n s]-« A-sÃ-¦n D-]-cn-hÀ-¤-¯nÂ
s]-« A-Ñ-\-½-amÀ a-¡-sf H-cp-]m-Sv ss]-k
sIm-Sp-¯v {]-th-i-\ ]-co-£-IÄ-¡m-bn tIm-
¨n-Mv skâ-dp-I-fn tNÀ-¡p-¶-Xv t]m-se,
\n-c-h-[n-B-¸p-IÄ C-t¸mÄ e-`y-am-Wv. ]-{X-§-
fn A-Xn-sâ ]-c-ky-§Ä H-s¡ Im-Wmw.
H-cp-]-t£ Cu F-XnÀ-¡p-¶-hÀ t]m-epw Cu
20
B-¸v Ip-«n-IÄ-¡v hm-§n sIm-Sp-¯n-«p-t@m
F-¶v \-½Ä-¡v A-dn-bn-Ã. F-¶m h-en-sbm-cp
hn-`m-Kw Ip-«n-IÄ-¡v A-Xv \n-tj-[n-¡-s¸-Sp-I-
bm-Wv. XoÀ-¨-bm-bpw a-Õ-cm-[n-jvTn-X-am-b hy-
h-Ø-bn Cu B-¸p-IÄ D-]-tbm-Kn-¨v Iq-Sp-
XÂ A-dn-hp-IÄ t\-Sn-b Ip-«n-IÄ H-cp Np-h-Sv
ap-t¶m-«v t]m-Ip-¶ km-l-N-cyw \-½Ä C-hn-sS
Im-Wp-¶p@v. A-tX-k-a-bw C-Xv \n-tj-[n-¡-
s¸-Sp-¶ hn-ZymÀ-°n-IÄ H-cp-]m-Sv t]-cp@v.
A-t¸mÄ F-Ãm-hÀ-¡pw e-`y-am-Ip-¶p F-¶
\n-e-bn km-t¦-Xn-I t{km-X-Êp-IÄ D@m-
¡p-I F-¶-Xm-Wv {]-[m-\w. C-Xn-sâ _m-[y-X
kÀ-¡m-cp-IÄ-¡p@v, A-²ym-]-IÀ-¡p@v, \n-c-
h-[n hn-Zym-`ym-k G-P³-kn-IÄ-¡p@v. A-¯-
cw H-cp "hn-h-c -t{km-X-Êp-I-fp-sS' ti-J-cw
F-¶-Xm-Wv \-½Ä Iq-Sp-X A-`n-Im-ay-am-bn
Im-tW@ Im-cyw.
tImÀ-¸-td-äv ta-J-e-bn-se hn-Zy-m`ym-k k-{¼-
Zm-bw X-s¶ ^o-kv A-Sn-Øm-\-¯n h-en-b
]-Ww sIm-Sp-¯v hm-t§@ D-Å-S-¡-am-Wv
(content). C-t¸mÄ H-cp B-]v \n-§Ä-¡v hm-§n-
¡-Ww F-¶p@v F-¦n \n-§Ä h-en-b-tXm-
Xn ]-Ww ap-St- ¡@n h-cpw. C-tX hn-Zym-`ym-k
D-Å-S-¡w (Open Education Resources) F-Ãm hn-
ZymÀ-°n-IÄ-¡pw e-`y-am-Ip-¶ km-l-N-cyw
D-s@¦n-tem? tI-c-f-¯n-s\ kw-_-Ôn-¨v Kp-
W-I-c-am-b Im-cyw Cu ta-J-e-bn tI-c-fw
G-sd ap-t¶m-«v t]m-bn-«p@v. I-gn-ª ]-¯p
6 Pq¬ 2020
hÀ-j-¯n-\n-S-¡v an-I-¨ Np-h-Sp-sh-¸v \-S-¯n-
bn-«p@v. A-Xn-sâ Nn-e Kp-W-^-e-§Ä \-½Ä
A-\p-`-hn-¡p-¶p-ap@v. A-¶v A-Xv ssh-In-bn-
cp-¶p-sh-¦n-tem? G-sXm-s¡ Im-cy-¯nÂ
\-½Ä ]n-¶n B-Ip-am-bn-cp-¶p F-¶ Im-cyw
]-cn-tim-[n-t¡@ _m-[y-X \-ap-¡p@v. tImÀ-
¸-td-äv F-¶-Xv sIm@v Rm³ D-t±-in-¡p-¶-Xv
km-t¦-Xn-I hn-\n-a-b-¯n-sâ-bpw, D-Å-S-¡-¯n-
sâ-bpw t]-cn-ep-Å A-{]-am-[n-Xz-am-Wv. C-Xn-\p
]-I-cw, F-Ãm-hÀ-¡pw e-`y-am-Ip-¶ H-cp s]m-Xp
kw-hn-[m-\w F-Ãm-hÀ-¡pw Kp-Ww sN-¿pw. C-Xv
]-d-bp-t¼m-gpw, Cu am-ä-§Ä H-¶pw \n-e-hn-
ep-Å km-l-N-cy-s¯ am-än-a-dn-¨n-Sp-I-sbm-¶pw
A-Ã sN-¿p-¶-Xv. Ip-«n-IÄ-¡v Cu \-h-km-t¦-
Xn-I am-[y-a-§-fn-eq-sS A-h-cp-sS ]T-\-{]-{In-b
k-¼p-jvSam-¡p-I-bm-Wv sN-¿p-¶-Xv. C-Xm-Wv
Rm³ s]m-Xp-hn-Zym-`ym-k-¯n-sâ `m-K-am-¡-Ww
F-¶v A-Sn-h-c-bn-«v ]-d-bm-\p-Å Im-c-Ww.
? e-`y-am-¡p-I, hn-Z-Kv-[À X-¿m-dm-¡n-b A-Xp-am-bn
F-sâ A-Sp-¯ tNm-Zyw "Hm-¸¬ hn-Zym-`ym-k
t{km-X-Êp-I-sf Ip-dn-¨m-Wv.F-{X-am-{Xw Hm-¸¬
B-Wv \-½p-sS "Hm-¸¬ F-Uyq-t¡-j³ dn-tkm-
gv-kv' (OER).
Hm- ¸ ¬ F- U yq- t ¡- j ³ dn- t km- g v - k v
{]-[m-\-s¸-« H-cp hn-j-b-am-Wv. A-Xv Un-Pn-äÂ
A-´-c-hp-am-bn _-Ô-s¸-« H-cp Im-cy-am-Wv.
F-´m-Wv H.C.À sIm@v D-t±-in-¡p-¶-Xv?
H.C.À. sIm@v D-t±-in-¡p-¶-Xv, hn-ZymÀ-°n-IÄ-
¡pw A-[ym-]-IÀ-¡pw hn-Zym-`ym-k ta-J-e-bp-
am-bn _-Ô-s¸-«n-«p-Å D-Å-S-¡w ku-P-\y-am-bn
e-`y-am-Ip-I F-¶-Xm-Wv. e-`y-am-hp-I F-¶v
]-d-bp-t¼mÄ sh-dp-sX Im-Wm-t\m tIÄ-¡m-
t\m th@n am-{Xw e-`y-am-hp-I F-¶-Ã. A-hÀ-
¡v A-Xv Uu¬-tem-Uv sN-¿m-\pw A-h-cp-sS
C-ãm-\p-kr-Xw D-]-tbm-Kn-¡m-\pw e-`y-am-I-Ww.
H-¸w X-s¶ A-²ym-]-IÀ-¡pw hn-Z-Kv-²À-¡pw
D-Å-S-¡-§Ä \nÀ-½n-¨v Cu ¹m-äv-t^m-ap-I-fn-
te-¡v hn-\y-kn-¡m-\pw A-Xv Ip-«n-IÄ-¡v D-]-
tbm-Kn-¡m-\pw A-h-k-cw D@m-bn-cn-¡-Ww.
ku-P-\y-am-bn F-Ãm-hÀ-¡pw e-`y-am-¡p-¶p
F-¶-Xv am-{X-a-Ã, s]m-Xp-P-\-§-fn-se-¡v Iq-Sn
h-cp-t¼mÄ {]-tXy-Iw Xn-csª-Sp-¯ D-Å-S-
¡-§Ä (Filtered Content ) A-Xn-te-¡v sIm@v
h-cm³ {i-²n-¡-Ww. an-I-¨ H-cp D-Å-S-¡w
B-Wv sIm@p-h-cm³ D-t±in-¡p-¶-Xv F-¦nÂ
A-Xv ]-e L-«-am-bn A-h-tem-I-\w sN-¿-s¸-S-
Ww. G-Xp D-Å-S-¡-hpw e-`y-am-Ip-¶p F-¶v
]-db- p-t¼mÄ, sX-äm-b ho-£W - K- X- n-IÄ, A-sÃ-
¦n im-kv-{Xo-b hn-j-b-§-fn sX-äm-b hn-
h-c-§Ä \Â-Im³ C-S-h-c-cp-Xv. A-Xp-sIm@v
X-s¶ Hm-tcm ta-J-e-bn-epw D-Å hn-Z-Kv-[À
]-cn-tim-[n-¡p-I-bpw A-h-tem-I-\w \-S-¯p-I-
bpw (peer reviewed) sN-bv-X-Xn-\v ti-jw am-{X-ta
Cu D- Å - S - ¡ - § Ä A- ] v - t em- U v sN- ¿ m³
]m-Sp-Åq.
C-¯-c-¯n-Â Hm¬-sse³ hn-Zym-`ym-k
D-Å-S-¡-§Ä e-`y-am-¡m³ kÀ-¡m-cp-IÄ-¡pw,
kv-Iq-fp-IÄ-¡pw, hn-Zym-`ym-k G-P³-kn-IÄ-
6 Pq¬ 2020
¡pw, kz-bw-`-c-W Øm-]-\-§Ä-¡pw km-[n-
¡n-tÃ? C-Xv XoÀ-¨-bm-bpw hn-ZymÀ-°n-IÄ-¡v
k-lm-b-I-cw B-bn-cn-¡pw. ]-co-£-bv-¡v X-te-
Zn-h-kw t]m-epw G-sX-¦n-epw H-cp hn-j-b-s¯
Ip-dn-¨v ¢m-kv tIÄ-¡-Ww F-¶v tXm-¶n-bmÂ
A-Xn-sâ D-Å-S-¡w Hm¬-sse³ B-bn e-`y-am-
Wv F-¦n F-{X Kp-W-I-cw B-bn-cn-¡pw A-Xv.
]-t£ Zpx-J-I-c-am-b H-cp Im-cyw, C-t¸mÄ \-S-
¡p-¶ Hm¬-sse³ hn-Zym-`ym-kw F-¶mÂ
\n-e-hn-ep-Å ssSw-tS-_n-fn-s\ A-tX t]m-se
]p-\-cm-hn-jv-I-cn-¡p-I F-¶p-Å-Xm-Wv. kv-Iq-fp-
I-fn-se co-Xn A-tX-t]m-se A-\p-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xv
A-Ã Hm¬-sse³ hn-Zym-`ym-k co-Xn sIm@v
D-t±-in-¡p-¶-Xv. tIm-hn-Un-sâ km-l-N-cy-¯nÂ
H-cp-]-t£ A-§-s\ H-cp co-Xn kzo-I-cn-¨-Xm-
bn-cn-¡mw. ]-t£ Hm¬-sse³ hn-Zym-`ym-kw
F- ¶ - X p- s Im@v i- c n- ¡ pw D- t ±- i n- ¡ p- ¶ - X v
A-X-Ã. Hm¬-sse³ F-¶v ]-d-bp-t¼mÄ, H-cp
{]-tXy-I hn-j-b-s¯ Ip-dn-¨p-Å ¢m-kp-IÄ
_-Ô-s¸-« t\m-«p-I-tfm a-äp ]T-\-¯n-\m-h-iy-
am-b D-Å-S-¡-§-tfm e-`y-am-¡p-I F-¶-sXm-
s¡-bm-Wv. {]-bm-k-I-c-am-b ]-e hn-j-b-§-fn-
epw an-I-¨ ¢m-kp-IÄ \Â-Im³ I-gn-ªmÂ
Ip-«n-IÄ-¡v F-t¸mÄ th-W-sa-¦n-epw A-sXm
-s¡ F-Sp-¯v ]Tn-¡m-\pw A-dn-hv t\-Sm-\pw
I- g n- b p- a - t Ãm. F- ´ p- s Im@m- W v \- ½ Ä
A-sXm-s¡ Im-Wm-sX t]m-Ip-¶-Xv?
C-sX-Ãw sN-¿m³ X-¿m-dm-b {]-Xn-Úm-_-
²-cm-b A-[ym-]-I k-aq-lw C-t¸m-gp@v. F-sâ
]-cn-N-b-¯n tI-c-f k-aq-l-¯n A-¯-cw
[m-cm-fw A-[ym-]-I-sc Rm³ I@n-«p@v. kÀ-
F-Ãm hn-ZymÀ-Yn-I-fn-te-¡pw Cu Km-
Uv-sP-äp-IÄ F-¯n-¡p-I F-¶p-
Å-Xn-s\ H-cp D-t«m-]y³ B-i-b-am-
bn H-¶pw Im-tW@Xn-Ã. \-½p-sS
s]m-Xp B-tcm-Ky kw-hn-[m-\w
(Public Health System) F-§-s\-bm-
Wv hn-I-kn-¨p h-¶-Xv? tI-c-f-¯n-
se kÀ-h-P-\-§Ä-¡pw G-Xv {]-Xn-
k-Ôn L-«-¯n-epw B-{i-bn-¡m³
I-gn-bp-¶ H-cp kw-hn-[m-\-am-bn
C-hn-Sp-s¯ s]m-Xp B-tcm-Ky kw-
hn-[m-\w F-¯n-t¨À-¶n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv
C-Xp-t]m-se- h-en-b C-S-s]-S-ep-I-
fn Iq-sS-bm-Wv. kz-Im-cy B-ip-
]-{Xn-IÄ A-¸p-d-¯p@v. F-¶n-«pw
s]m-Xp-P-\m-tcm-Ky ta-J-e C-{X-bpw
an-I-¨p \nÂ-¡p-¶-Xv kÀ-¡mÀ C-S-
s]-S-ep-IÄ sIm@m-Wv.
21
¡mÀ kv-IqÄ F-t¶m, kz-Im-cy kv-IqÄ F-t¶m
t`-Z-an-Ãm-sX F-Ãm hn-ZymÀ-°n-IÄ-¡pw Cu
D-Å-S-¡-§Ä e-`y-am-I-Ww. Un-Pn-ä A-´-cw
t]m- s e X- s ¶, hn- Z ym- ` ym- k A- ´ - c - h pw
(educational divide) km-aq-ln-Im-´-c-hpw (social
divide) \n-e-\nÂ-¡p-¶p@v. tI-c-f-¯n h-cp-¶
F-{X A-Xn-Yn sXm-gn-em-fn-I-fp-sS a-¡Ä-¡v
C-¶v kv-¡qÄ hn-Zym-`ym-kw e-`y-am-Wv? hm-kv-
X-h-¯n A-hÀ-¡v kÀ-¡mÀ kv-Iq-fp-I-fnÂ
tN-cm³ I-gn-bpw. F-¶m a-äp X-c-¯n-ep-Å
km-aq-ln-I hn-th-N-\w Im-c-Ww A-hÀ-¡v A-Xn-
\p ]-äp-¶n-Ã. C-Xv ]-cn-l-cn-¡p-¶-Xn D-Å
C-S-s]-S-ep-IÄ t]m-se X-s¶-bm-Wv Un-Pn-äÂ
A-´-c-hpw. D-¶-X hn-Zym-`ym-k ta-J-e-bn-epw
C-Xv {]-tbm-P-\w sN-¿pw. a-äp ]-e Im-c-W-§Ä
sIm@v tIm-tf-Pv hn-Zym-`y-mkw km-[y-am-Im-¯
Ip-«n-IÄ-¡v hn-Zq-c hn-Zym-`ym-kw F-¶-Xv t]
m-se X-s¶ Hm¬-sse³ hn-Zym-`ym-k-hpw H-cp-]
m-Sv {]-tbm-P-\w sN-¿p-¶ Im-cy-am-Wv. tIm-f-Pv
hn-Zym-`ym-kw Xp-S-cm³ I-gn-bm-sX t]m-b-hÀ,
Po-hn-X km-l-N-cy-§Ä sIm@v sXm-gn sN-
¿m³ \nÀ-_-Ôn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶-hÀ, C-§-s\ H-cp-]
m-Sv hn-ZymÀ-°n-IÄ-¡v Hm¬-sse³ hn-Zym-`ym-kw
Xp-d-¶n-Sp-¶ km-[y-X-IÄ h-f-sc h-ep-Xm-Wv.
a-äp ]-e A-´-c-§-sf-bpw Ip-d-bv-¡m³ C-Xv
k-lm-bn-¡p-¶n-tÃ? A-¯-cw H-cp {]-Xym-i-tbm-
sS A-Xn-s\ k-ao-]n-¡p-¶-X-tà A-Xn-sâ i-cn-
bm-b H-cp co-Xn. Un-Pn-ä A-´-cw bm-YmÀ-Yy-
am-Wv F-¶n-cn-s¡ a-äp ]-e A-´-c-§-sf-bpw
A-`n-kw-t_m-[-\ sN-¿m³ \-h km-t¦-Xn-I
hn-Zy-I-fn Du-¶n-bp-Å hn-Zym-`ym-k co-Xn-¡v
km-[n-¡pw F-¶v X-s¶-bm-Wv Rm³ I-cp-Xp-¶-
Xv.
C-Xv a-säm-cp hn-j-b-hp-am-bn Iq-Sn _-Ô-s¸-
«n-cn-¡p-¶p. i-in tZ-iv-]m-sÞ, tUm. iymw
22
ta-t\m³, tUm. ao-\ Sn.]n-Å, tUm. {io-Ip-amÀ
Xp-S-§n-b {]-K-Û-cm-b A-[ym-]-IÀ ]-e-cpw
D-¶-bn-¡p-¶ H-cp hm-Zw, Hm¬-sse³ hn-Zym-
`ym-kw hn-aÀ-i-\m-ß-I Nn-´m-ti-jn-sb (critical
thinking) C-Ãm-Xm-¡p-¶p F-¶m-Wv. A-Xv \-½Ä
]-cn-tim-[n-t¡@Xm-Wv. Im-c-Ww D-¶-X hn-
Zym-`ym-k-¯n-sâ k-hn-tj-i-am-b H-cp Im-cy-am-
Wv hn-aÀ-i-\m-ß-I Nn-´-bpw, A-Xv h-gn F-Xn-
c-`n-{]m-bw {]-I-Sn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xpw (scholarly dissent)
F-Ãmw. Un-¡³-kn-sâ Ir-Xn-IÄ H-s¡ hm-bn-
¡p-t¼mÄ ]-s¯m³-]-Xmw \q-äm@n A-§
-s\ H-cp km-l-N-cyw D@m-bn-cp-¶n-Ã F-¶m-Wv
\-½Ä a-\-kn-em-Ip-¶-Xv. ]n-¶o-Sv \n-c-h-[n- k-a-
c-§-fn-eq-sS, C-S-s]-S-ep-I-fn-eq-sS H-s¡-bm-Wv
A-Xn-sâ kz-`m-hw am-dn-bXv. ]-t£ F-¶m-epw
B A-h-Ø-IÄ C-t¸m-gpw \n-e-\nÂ-¡p-¶n-tÃ?
\n-e-hn-Â ¢m-Êp-IÄ A-tX-]-Sn Hm¬-sse³
B-bn B-hn-jv-¡-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ ]-e ]-cn-an-Xn-I-
fpw D@m-Imw. ]-t£ Rm³ ap³-]v ]-d-ª
Hm¬-sse³ hn-Zym-`ym-k C-S-¯n hn-tbm-Pn-
¡m-\pw, F-Xn-c-`n-{]m-b-§Ä {]-I-Sn-¸n-¡m-\pw,
hn-aÀ-in-¡m-\p-sam-s¡- F-{X-tbm A-h-k-c-§Ä
D@v. k-aq-l am-[y-a-§-fn X-s¶ F-{X-tbm
ssh-hn-[y-§-fm-b Nn-´-I-fp@v. Cu \q-äm@n-
se ]-e {]-t£m-`-§-fpw k-a-c-§-fpw i-cn-¡pw
s]m-«n-]p-d-s¸-«n-«p-Å-Xv F-hn-sS \n-¶m-Wv? F-{X
hn-a-X Nn-´-I-fpw, {]-Xo-£ AÀ-¸n-¡m-hp-¶
]p-Xn-b B-i-b-§-fpw H-s¡ h-¶-Xv F-hn-sS
\n-¶m-Wv? ]p-Xn-b sF-Iy-ZmÀ-Vy-§Ä cq-]
s¸-«-Xv F-hn-sS \n-¶m-Wv? sXm-®q-dp-IÄ-¡v
ap³-]v H-cn-¡-epw A-\p-`-h-th-Zy-a-Ãm-Xn-cp-¶
hy-Xy-kv-X X-c-¯n-se F-{X-tbm sF-Iy-ZmÀ-
Vy-§-fm-Wv cq-]-s¸-«n-«p-Å-Xv. ssew-Kn-I \yq-
\-]-£-§-fp-sS, {Sm³-kv P³-UÀ a-\p-jy-cp-sS,
kv-{Xo-I-fp-sS H-s¡ F-{X-tbm Iq-«m-bv-a-I-fm-Wv
6 Pq¬ 2020
tem-I-X-e-¯n X-s¶ km-[y-am-bn-«p-Å-Xv.
A-§-s\ H-cp "hnÀ-Nyp s]m-Xp C-Sw' (virtual
public space) \n-e-\nÂ-s¡, A-Xn-sâ `m-K-am-bm-
Wv \-½Ä Cu Hm¬-sse³ hn-Zym-`ym-k-s¯
Im-tW@Xv. NÀ-¨-I-fp-sS-bpw, A-`n-{]m-b
{]-I-S-\-§-fp-sS-bpw F-Ãmw km-[y-X h-f-sc
h-ep-Xm-Wv. sse-{_-dn-I-tf-¡mÄ h-en-b Hm¬-
sse³ ]p-kv-X-I ti-J-c-§Ä C-t¸m-gp@tÃm.
c@m-a-s¯ H-cp Im-cyw, \-½Ä C-sXm-s¡-bpw
]-d-bp-¶-Xv hÀ-¯-am-\-¯n-sâ H-cp {]-tXy-I
k-Ôn-bn \n-¶v sIm@m-Wv. C-Xv B-bn-cn-
¡-Ww \m-f-s¯ km-t¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy-bp-sS kz-`m-
hw F-s¶m-¶pw {]-h-Nn-¡m³ Rm³ B-f-Ã.
hn-a-Xm-`n-{]m-b-§Ä D@m-I-Ww F-¦nÂ, hn-
aÀ-i-\m-ß-I Nn-´-IÄ D@m-I-Ww F-¦nÂ
A-Xn a-\p-jy-cp-sS C-S-s]-S-ep-IÄ D@m-I-
Ww. "lyq-a³ G-P³-kn' B-Wv A-Xn-s\-sb-
Ãmw cq-]-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xv. km-t¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy B-bn-
cn-¡pw F-Ãmw Xo-cp-am-\n-¡m³ t]m-Ip-¶-Xv
F-¶-sXm-s¡ \n-tj-[-hm-Z-§-fm-Wv.
a-säm-cp Im-cyw, Rm³ ap³-]v ]-e-t¸m-gpw
Nq@n-Im-Wn-¨n-«p-Å-Xm-Wv, tU-hn-Uv lmÀ-hn-
sb t]m-se-bp-Å {]-[m-\-s¸-« H-cp A-¡m-U-
an-Iv "aq-e-[-\-s¯' Ip-dn-¨pw, "{Kp³-{Un-kv'
-s\-bpw Ip-dn-¨n-«p-Å A-t±-l-¯n-sâ ¢m-Êp-I-
fn-eq-sS ap-Jy-[m-cm km-¼-¯n-I im-kv-{X-¯nÂ
\n-¶p-Å F-Xn-c-`n-{]m-b {]-I-S-\-am-Wv \-S-¯p-
¶-Xv. A-sX-Ãmw k-aq-l am-[y-a-§-sf A-Sn-
Øm-\-s¸-Sp-¯n-bm-Wv e-`y-am-bn-«p-Å-Xv. C-sX-
Ãw hn-a-X-Nn-´-IÄ-¡p-Å ]p-Xn-b C-S-§Ä
H-cp-¡p-I-b-tà sN-¿p-¶-Xv? a-dn-¨v, A-Xv C-Ãm-
Xm-hp-I-bm-tWm sN-¿p-¶-Xv? ¢m-Êv ap-dn-I-fp-sS
]-cn-an-Xn-IÄ-¡p-Ån am-{Xw \-S-¡p-¶-Xm-tWm
hn-a-X-Nn-´-I-fpw hn-aÀ-i-\-§-fpw H-s¡? A-§-
s\- b m- s W- ¦ n \- ½ Ä C- t {Xw ap- t ¶m- « v
6 Pq¬ 2020
XoÀ-¨-bm-bpw a-Õ-cm-[n-jvTn-X-am-b
hy-h-Ø-bn Cu B-¸p-IÄ D-]-
tbm-Kn-¨v Iq-Sp-XÂ A-dn-hp-IÄ
t\-Sn-b Ip-«n-IÄ H-cp Np-h-Sv ap-t¶m-
«v t]m-Ip-¶ km-l-N-cyw \-½Ä
C-hn-sS Im-Wp-¶p@v. A-tX-k-
a-bw C-Xv \n-tj-[n-¡-s¸-Sp-¶
hn-ZymÀ-°n-IÄ H-cp-]m-Sv t]-cp@v.
A-t¸mÄ F-Ãm-hÀ-¡pw e-`y-am-Ip-
¶p F-¶ \n-e-bn km-t¦-Xn-I
t{km-X-Êp-IÄ D@m-¡p-I F-¶-
Xm-Wv {]-[m-\w. C-Xn-sâ _m-[y-X
kÀ-¡m-cp-IÄ-¡p@v, A-²ym-]-IÀ-
¡p@v, \n-c-h-[n hn-Zym-`ym-k G-P³-
kn-IÄ-¡p@v. A-¯-cw H-cp "hn-h-c
-t{km-X-Êp-I-fp-sS' ti-J-cw F-¶-
Xm-Wv \-½Ä Iq-Sp-X A-`n-Im-ay-
am-bn Im-tW@ Im-cyw.
t]m-Ip-am-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. hn-a-Xm-`n-{]m-bw km-[y-am-
Ip-¶-Xv F-Ãm Ø-e-¯p-am-Wv. A-Xp-sIm@m-
Wv A-Xn-sâ km-[y-X-IÄ D-cp-¯n-cn-bp-¶-Xv.
"Hm-¸¬ F-Uyq-t¡-j³ dn-tkm-gv-Êv' -s\ C-Xp-
am-bn Iq-Sn _-Ô-s¸-«v Im-tW@ Im-cy-am-Wv.
C-Xn-s\ F-§-s\-bm-Wv cq-]-s¸-Sp-¯p-I?
A-[ym-]-I-cmÂ, hn-ZymÀ-°n-I-fm cq-]-s¸-«p
h-tc@ H-cp Im-cy-am-Wv. H-cp {]-tXy-I-am-b
k-Ôn-bn \n-¶p-sIm@v C-sXm-¶pw km-[y-
a-Ã F-¶v ]-d-bp-¶-Xv, A-Xn-s\ A-S-¨p-I-f-bp-
¶-Xn-\p Xp-ey-am-Wv. CâÀ-s\-äv A-Xn-sâ D-Û-h
Im-ew sXm-«v ]-e km-aq-ln-I am-ä-§Ä-¡-\p-
k-cn-¨v ]-e h-gn-I-fn-eq-sS cq-]-s¸-«p h-¶-Xm-Wv.
A-d-_v h-k-´w (Arab Spring) D@m-Ip-¶-Xn-\p
ap³-]p-Å CâÀ-s\-äv A-à hn-¹-hm-\-´-cw
\-½Ä Im-Wp-¶-Xv. A-Xn h-¶n-«p-Å X-S-Ê-
§-fpw (dsiruptions), BÄ-¡m-cp-sS ]-¦m-fn-¯-
hpw \-½Ä Im-Wm-Xn-cn-t¡@. B ]-¦m-fn-¯w
\n- t j- [ n- ¨ p sIm@v tam- i - a m- b N- c n- { X-
hm-b-\-bn-eq-sS C-sXm-¶pw i-cn-b-Ã, C-sXm-¶pw
km-[y-a-Ã F-s¶m-s¡ ]-d-bp-¶-Xv H-cp A-S-¨p-
I-f-b-em-Wv. Ip-td sX-fn-hp-IÄ N-cn-{X-¯nÂ
\n-¶v \n-c-¯n \-½Ä km-[y-X-I-sf A-S-¨p
I-f-bp-¶-Xn-\p ]-I-cw F-´p-sIm@v `m-hn-sb
ap³-\nÀ-¯n sIm@v ]p-Xn-b km-[y-X-IÄ
B-cm-ªv Iq-Sm? B H-cp L-«-¯n-em-Wv \-½Ä
\nÂ-¡p-¶-Xv. B H-cp km-l-N-cy-am-Wv A-[ym-
]-IÀ-¡pw hn-ZymÀ-°n-IÄ-¡pw ap-¶n Xp-d-¶v
sIm-Sp-t¡@Xv F-¶-Xm-Wv F-sâ hy-àn-]-c-
hpw hn-\o-X-hp-am-b A-`n-{]m-bw.
X-¿m-dm-¡n-b-Xv : tKm-Ip sI.F-kv
courtesy: Dilli Dali (https://anchor.
fm/s-gopalakrishnan
thecue.in
23
F³.]n lm-^n-kv ap-l½-Zv kwhmZw

tI -c-f-¯n-se ap-kv-enw-I-fp-sS hn-

Zym-`ym-k-cwK-s¯ h-fÀ-¨
]-eXp-sIm@pw B-im-h-l-
amWv. C-´y-bn-se a-äp kw-Øm-\-§-fn-se ap-
kvv-enw-I-fp-am-bn Xm-c-X-ay-s¸-Sp-¯p-t¼mÄ
A-sX{Xtbm D-b-c-¯n-ep-amWv. hn-Zym-e-b-§-
fnepw I-em-e-b-§-fnepw t]m-Ip-¶-h-c-psS,
{]- t Xy- I n- ¨ v s]¬- I p- « n- I - f p- s S F- ® hpw
{]m-Xn-\n-[yhpw hf-sc Iq-Sp-X-emWv. k-apZm-b
kw-L-S-\-IÄ \-S-¯p-¶ hn-Zym-`ym-k Øm-]-
\-§-fp-sS s]-cp-¸hpw kz-Im-cyþkzm{i-b Øm-
]-\-§-fp-sS h-fÀ-¨-bpw IW-¡n-se-Sp-¡m-hp-¶-
XmWv. F-¶m C-Xn-sâ-sbÃmw A-Sn-Øm-\-
¯n kv-Xp-XyÀ-lam-b ]p-tcmK-Xn F-¶ hn-
[n-sb-gp-Xp-t¼mÄ, ap-kvenw Øm-]-\-§-fp-sS
ta-·bpw ap-kv-enw-IÄ hn-Zym-`ym-kw t\-Sp-¶-Xn-

ap-kv-enw-I-fp-sS
hn-Zym-`ymkw: H-cp
hn-tbm-P-\-¡p-dn-¸v
tIcf¯nse apkvenwIfpsS hnZym`ymk ]ptcmKXn
Ime¯n\\pkcn¨v sa¨s¸Sp¶nÃ. \yq\]£ hn-
Zym`ymk Øm]\§Ä Gsdbps@¦nepw anIhnsâ
]«nIbn Ahbv¡v Øm\w e`n¡p¶nÃþ {]apJ
Fgp¯pImc\pw kmaqlyNn´I\pamb teJI³
apkvenw hnZym`ymkcwKs¯ ]mfn¨IÄ Nq@n¡m-
Wn¨v Xpd¶ kwhmZ¯n\v ASn¯dbnSp¶p.

24 6 Pq¬ 2020 6 Pq¬ 2020

25
se {]- t bm- P - \ - § fpw hn- e - b n- c p- ¯ m- s X
t]m-I-cpXv. D-¶-X hn-Zym-`ym-k-¯n-\v km-¼-¯n-
I-ambpw km-aq-ln-I-ambpw ]n-¶m-¡w-\n-¶ hn-
`m-K-§Ä-¡v A-hk-cw \n-tj-[n-¡p-¶ Im-e-aÃ
CXv. AXp-sIm-@p-X-s¶, A-c \q-äm-@v Im-ew
sIm-@v ap-kvenw k-ap-Zm-b-¯n-ep@m-b hn-Zym-
`ym-k-]-cam-b h-fÀ-¨ ]-e am-ä-§Ä¡pw Im-c-
W-am-bn-¯oÀ-¶n-«p-ap@v. A³-]-Xp-I-tfm-sS
ap-kvenw \-thm°m-\ {]-Øm-\-¯n-sâ hn-Im-
kw hen-b {]-Xo£-I-tfm-sS ap-t¶-äw \-S-¯n-
b-Xn-sâ ^-e-am-bn ]-e hn-Zym-`ym-k Øm-]-\-
§-fp-sSbpw D-Û-h-¯n-\v Im-c-W-ambn. ]n-¶o-Sv
k-apZm-b kw-L-S-\-I-fp-sS t\-Xr-Xz-¯n kw-
Øm-\ X-e-¯nepw {]m-tZin-I X-e-¯nepw
tIm-f-Pp-IÄ Øm-]n-¡-s¸«p. A-h-bn ]-eXpw
kÀ-¡mÀ k-lm-b-t¯m-sS-bp-Å-Xm-bn-cp¶p.
A-\p-Iqeam-b km-l-N-cy-§Ä-¡-\p-k-cn-¨v ap-
kvv-enw-I-fp-sS hn-Zym-`ym-k¯n {i-t²-bam-b
am-ä-§-fp-@m-bn-«p-s@-¦nepw h-b-\mSv, C-Sp¡n,
a-e-¸p-dw PnÃ-I-fn-se Nn-e `m-K-§-fn ap-kv-
enw-IÄ-¡n-S-bn-ep@m-b hn-Im-kw A-{X-am{Xw
A-`n-\-µ\mÀ-l-am-sW-¶v ]-d-ªp-IqSm. Øn-
Xn-hn-h-c-¡-W-¡p-IÄ sh¨v Cu Imcyw h-kv-
Xp-\n-jvTam-bn sh-fn-s¸-Sp-¯m-\p-am-hpw. ]n-¶m-
¡ hn-`m-K¯ - n-sâ t]-cn-ep-Å B-\p-Iq-ey-§f - mÂ
t\-Sn-sb-Sp-¯ hn-P-b-§Ä H-cp `m-K-¯p-s@-¦n-
epw, ap-Jy-[m-c-bn-se k-ap-Zm-b-§-fp-am-bn Xm-c-
X-ay-s¸-Sp-¯p-t¼m-gm-Wv tI-c-f-¯n-se ap-kv-enw-
I- f p- s S hn- Z ym- ` ym- k - ¯ n- s â C¶- s ¯
\n-P-Øn-Xn A-dn-bp-hm³ I-gn-bp-I. ap-Jy[m-c
k-aq-l-¯nse C-X-c k-ap-Zm-b-§-fp-am-bp-Å
Xm-c-X-ay-]T-\w ap-kv -enw-I-fp-sS hn-Zym-`ym-k-
s¯-¡p-dn-¨v b-YmÀ-° Nn{Xw sh-fn-s¸-Sp-¯m-
Xn-cn-¡nÃ.
A-\pIq-e km-l-N-cywþ^-ew?
A¼-Xv hÀ-j-¡me-s¯ tI-c-f-¯n-se cm-
{ão-b km-l-N-cy-§Ä \yq\-]-£ hn-Zym-`ym-k-
¯n-\v h-f-cm\pw hn-I-kn-¡m\pw G-ähpw A-
\p-Iq-e-am-bn-cp¶p. I-ayq-Wn-ÌvþtIm¬-{K-kv
`-c-W-Im-e-s¯m-s¡bpw H-cp-X-c-¯n-e-sÃ-¦nÂ
a-säm-cp X-c-¯n ap-kvenw kw-L-S-\-IÄ-¡v
]-¦m-fn-¯-ap-@m-bn-cp¶p. Cu cm-{ão-b Np-äph-
«w hn-Zym-`ym-k Im-cy-¯n k-ap-Zm-b-¯n-\v
{]-tbm-P-\-s¸-Sp-¯m³ D-X-Ip-¶-Xp-am-bn-cp¶p.
tI-c-f-¯n-se hn-Zym-`ym-k h-Ip-¸v ]-eh-«w ssI-
Imcyw sN-¿m³ eo-Kn-\v I-gn-ªn-«p@v. ZoÀ-L-
ho-£-Whpw `-c-W ]-cn-Úm-\-hp-ap-@m-bn-cp-¶
kn.F-¨v ap-l-½Zv-tIm-b, C.Sn ap-l½-Zv _-joÀ
F-¶n-hÀ hn-Zym-`ym-k a-{´n-am-cm-bn {]-hÀ-¯n-
¨n-«pap@v. Fw.C.Fkv (ap-kvenw F-Pp-t¡-j-
\Â skm-sskän) F-¶ kw-L-S\-bv¡v tI-c-
f-¯n F-bvU-Uv tIm-f-Pp-IÄ Xp-S-§m³
ap-kv -enw-eo-Kv \nÀ-tem-`w k-lm-bn-¨-XmWv.
{]m-tZ-in-I-am-bn ap-kvenw kw-L-S-\-IÄ \-S-¯p-
¶ A-t\-Iw kv-Iq-fp-IÄ D-@m-hp-Ibpw sN-
bvXp. ^m-dq-Jv tIm-fPv, ]n.F-kv.Fw.H tIm-fPv,
kÀ k-bv-Zv tIm-fPv, Fw.F.Fw.H tIm-fPv,
U-»yq.Fw.H tIm-fPv, kpÃ-ap-Êemw tIm-f-Pv
26
Xp-S§n-b hn-Zym-`ym-k Øm-]-\-§Ä ap-kvenw
hn-Zym-`ym-k-¯n-sâ \nÀ-Wm-b-Iam-b h-fÀ-¨-bp-
sS A-S-bm-f-§-fmWv. kzm{ib tIm-f-Pp-I-fp-sS
D-Û-h-s¸-cp-a-g-¡me-¯v hnhn-[ kw-L-S-\-IÄ-
¡v B-thm-fw F-©n-\o-b-dnw-Kv tIm-f-Pp-I-fpw
sa-Un-¡Â tIm-f-Pp-Ifpw s{S-bn-\nw-Kv tIm-f-
Pp- I fpw t\- S n- s b- S p- ¡ m³ I- g n- ª n- « p@v .
F-¶m ]-e kzm-{ib tIm-f-Pp-Ifpw ap-kvenw
k-ap-Zm-b-¯n-sâ t]-cn Aw-Ko-Im-cw t\Sp-
Ibpw s]mSn-s]m-Sn-¨ hn-Zym-`ym-k-¡-¨h-Sw
\-S-¯p-IbpamWv. tI-c-f-¯n-e-t§m-f-an-t§m-fw
kzm{i-b BÀ-Sv-kv Bâ v k-b³-kv tIm-f-Pp-
Ifpw B-cw-`n-¡m³ I-gn-ªn-cn-¡p¶p. a-äp
k-ap-Zm-b-§Ä- C-Xn-\v Xp-eyamtbm A-Xn-t\-
¡m-tfsdtbm B-\p-Iq-ey-§Ä t\-Sn-sb-Sp-¯n-
«p@v. ho-Xw-sh-¨v sIm-Sp-¡p-¶ Cu hn-Zym-`ym-
k- ¡ - ¨ - h - S m- \ p- a Xn, ]- e hn- [ _n- c p- Z - § Ä
t\-Sm³ ap-kv -enw-IÄ-¡n-S-bn A-h-kc-§-
sfm-cp-¡n-bn-«p-ap@v. I-¨-h-S- XmÂ-¸-cyw-sIm
@pw A-I-a-gn-ª km-¼¯n-I ]n-´p-W-sIm
@pw C-¡-gn-ª c-@v Z-im-Ð-§Ä-¡n-S-bnÂ,
ap-kv-enw-IÄ-¡n-S-bn-se ]-W-ap-Å-hÀ¡pw Ip-
d-s¨m-s¡ km-¼¯n-I ]n-¶m-¡m-h-Ø-bnÂ
\n-e-\nÂ-¡p-¶-hÀ¡pw Cu hn-Zym-`ym-k Øm-
]-\-§Ä h-gn _n-cp-Zhpw _n-cp-Zm\-´-c _n-cp-
Zhpw t\-Sm³ A-hk-cw \Â-In-bn-cn-¡p¶p.
tI-c-f-¯n-se ap-kv-enw-I-fp-sS km-¼¯n-I
cwK-s¯ Ip-Xn-¨p tI-äw hn-Zym-`ym-k Øm-]-
\-§Ä Xp-S-§m³ Im-c-W-am-bn-«p@v. KÄ-^v
Ip-Sn-tbäw Cu {]-{Inb-bv¡v \nÀ-Wm-b-Iam-b
]-¦v h-ln-¨n-cn-¡p¶p. ap-kvenw k-ap-Zm-b-¯n-
sâ D-Zm-c-a-\-kv-I-Xbpw tk-h-\ XmÂ-]-cyhpw
hn-Zym-`ym-k-]-cam-b am-ä-§Ä-¡v hen-b A-Sn-
¯- d - b m- b n hÀ- ¯ n- ¡ p¶p. AXp- s Im- @ v
tI-c-f-¯n-se ap-kv-enw-I-fp-sS km- I-gn-ª A-c \q-äm-@p-Im-e-¯n-\nS-bv¡v P-·n-
]-Ww sIm-Sp-¯v ta-·-bp-ä hn-Zym-
¼¯n-I cwK-s¯ Ip-Xn-¨p tI-äw am-cn \n¶pw I-¨-h-S-¡m-cn \n¶pw th-dn-
`ym-kw hne-¡v hm-§m-\m-hp-sa-
hn-Zym-`ym-k Øm-]-\-§Ä Xp-S- «p-\nÂ-¡p-¶ hn-Zym-`ym-khpw km-¼¯n-I
ti-jn-bp-ap-Å D-]-cnhÀ-K a[y-a hn-`mKs¯ ¶v I-cp-Xp-¶ c-£n-Xm-¡Ä-¡v
§m³ Im-c-W-am-bn-«p@v. KÄ-^v (Upper Middle Class) tI-c-f-¯n hym] D-¶-X hn-Zym-`ym-k-s¯-¡p-dn-¨v
Ip-Sn-tbäw Cu {]-{Inb-bv¡v \nÀ- Iambn D-@m-¡n-sb-Sp-¯n-cn-¡p¶p. hn-Zym-`ym- Im-tem-Nn-Xam-b H-c-dn-hnÃ. Ip-
Wm-b-Iam-b ]-¦v h-ln-¨n-cn-¡p¶p. k-anÃm-sX tem-©v tI-dn KÄ-^n-te-¡v Ip-Sn- «n-I-fp-sS A-`n-cp-Nn-b-dn-bm-sX
ap-kvenw k-ap-Zm-b-¯n-sâ D-Zm-c-a- tb-dn-b-hcpw hn-Zym-k-¼-¶-cm-bn hn-am-\-¯n- s{]m-^-j-WÂ tIm-gv-kp-IÄ-¡v
\-kv-I-Xbpw tk-h-\ XmÂ-]-cyhpw te- d n KÄ- ^ n- s e- ¯ n- b - h cpw hn- k v - a - b - I - c -
tNÀ-¡p-¶-hÀ X-Ån-¡-f-bm-\m-
hn-Zym-`ym-k-]-cam-b am-ä-§Ä-¡v amw-hn-[w km-¼-¯n-I ap-t¶-äw \-S-¯p-I-bm- hm-¯ i-X-am-\-sa-¦nepw tIm-
hen-b A-Sn-¯-d-bm-bn hÀ-¯n- bn-cp¶p. DÄ-\m-Sp-I-fn-se F-®-¯n Ip-d-ª
`q-{]-`p-¡fpw Xo-c-{]-tZi-s¯ hym-]m-cn-Ifpw gv-kp-IÄ ]qÀ-¯o-I-cn-¡m-sX
¡p¶p. AXp-sIm-@v I-gn-ª \q-äm-@pIÄ-sIm-@v D-@m-¡n-sb-Sp-¯ km- sIm-gn-ªp t]m-Ip¶-Xv a-\-Ên-
A-c \q-äm-@p-Im-e-¯n-\nS-bv¡v ¼¯n-tIm-¶-a\-s¯ sRm-SnbnS tXmÂ- em-¡-s¸-Sp-¶nÃ. F-©n-\o-bÀ-
P-·n-am-cn \n¶pw I-¨-h-S-¡m-cn ¸n¡pw hn-[-am-Wv D-]-cnþa[y-a hÀ-Kw ap-kv-enw- am-cpw tUm-ÎÀ-am-cp-am-bn {]-th-
\n¶pw th-dn-«p-\nÂ-¡p-¶ hn-Zym- IÄ-¡n-S-bn cq-]-s¸-«-Xv. a-¡m-\n-¡-¨-hSw, in-¡p¶ tem-Iw A-{X-am{Xw
`ym-khpw km-¼¯n-I ti-jn-bp- C-d-¨n¡-S, Xp-Wn¡-S, tkm-¸v NoÀ-¸v I-¨-hSw,
A-\p-Iq-e-aà F¶pw c-£m-IÀ-
ap-Å D-]-cnhÀ-K a[y-a hn-`mKs¯ a-Õy-_Ô-\w Xp-S§nb tPm-en-I-fnÂ- \n-¶v ¯m-¡Ät¡m hn-Zym-`ym-k-cwK-
(Upper Middle Class) tI-c-f-¯n ]n-¶m-¡ hn`m-K ap-kv -enw-IÄ-¡v km-aq-ln-
¯v {]-hÀ-¯n-¡p-¶-hÀt¡m
hym]Iambn D-@m-¡n-sb-Sp-¯n-cn- Iam-b am-ä-§Ä D-@m-¡m³ I-gnª-Xv hn-Zym-
`ym-k ap-t¶äw-sIm-@p Iq-Sn-bmWv. Ip¯n-sbm- A-dn-bnÃ.
¡p¶p. en-¡p-¶ Iq-c-¡v Xm-sg a-s®-® hn-f-¡n-sâ
6 Pq¬ 2020 6 Pq¬ 2020
27

^m-dq-Jv tIm-fPv
sh-«-¯n ]Tn-¨ ]-ecpw D-tZym-K-e-Ïn-bmÂ
{]-I-Sam-b am-än-a-dn-¡-ep-IÄ \-S-¯n-¡-gn-ªn-
cn-¡p¶p. F-¶m Cu cm-{ão-bþkm-¼¯n-I
km-l-N-cy-§-fp-sS \nÀ-an-Xn F-¶ \n-e-bnÂ
ap-kvenw hn-Zym-`ymk-s¯ kn.Un.Fkv (Centre
for Developmental Studies) \-S¯n-b H-ä-s¸-« ]
T-\-§-fÃm-sX ka-{K ]T-\-¯n-\v hn-t[-b-am-¡-
s¸-«n-«nÃ. A-Xv \-S-¯p-t¼m-gm-bn-cn¡pw tI-c-
f-¯n-se ap-kv-enw-I-fp-sS hn-Zym-`ym-k-¯n-sâ
B-\p-]m-Xn-Iam-b h-fÀ-¨bpw sa-¨-s¸-« hn-Zym-
`ym-k-¯n-sâ e-`y-Xbpw b-YmÀ-°-¯n hn-
Zym-`ym-kw sIm-@p@m-b t\-«-§fpw F-{X-
t¯m-fw ap-kvenw k-ap-Zm-bw I-c-Ø-am-¡n-bn-
«p-@v F-¶v a-\-Ên-em-¡p-hm³ I-gn-bp-I.
Øm-]-\-§Ä Iq-Sp-¶pþta·?
A-[n-Im-c-¯n-se-¯p-¶ cm-{ão-b kw-L-S-\-
IÄ-t¡m hn-Zym-`ym-k-cwK-¯v {]-hÀ-¯n-¡p-¶
kw-Øm-\þ{]m-tZ-in-I kw-L-S-\-IÄt¡m ap-
kvv-enw-IÄ-¡v th-@n H-cp hn-Zym-`ym-k A-P-@
C-sÃ-¶-Xm-Wv tJ-Z-I-cam-b h-kv-Xp-X. h-cm-\n-
cn-¡p-¶ Im-e-t¯-¡p-Å k-a-{Kam-b H-cp hn-
Zym-`ym-k ]²-Xn ap-Jy-[m-cm kw-L-S-\-IÄt¡m
\yq\-]-£ skÃnt\m CÃ. XmÂ-¡m-en-Iam-b
t\- « - § - f n- e m- W v k- a p- Z m- b - ¯ n- s â t\m«w.
C-t¸mgpw A-d-_n-Iv tIm-f-Pp-Ifpw s{S-bn-\nw-Kv
tIm-f-Pp-Ifpw F-©n-\o-b-dnw-Kvþsa-Un-¡Â tIm-
f-Pp-I-fpw l-bÀ sk-¡â-dn kv-Iq-fp-Ifpw
\-S-¯p-I-sb-¶-Xn-\-¸p-dw hn-Zym-`ym-k-]-cam-b
28
hn-Im-k-¯n-\v amdn-b Im-e-¯n-\\p-tbm-Pyam-b
H-cm-kq-{Xn-X ]²-Xn ap-kv -enw k-ap-Zm-b-¯n-
\nÃ. hn-Zym-`ym-k hn-N-£-W-cp-sS ssh-Z-Kv[y-
tam A-\p-`-h ]-cnN-btam k-a-{Kam-b Im-gv-N¸m-
Cu cm-{ão-bþkm-¼¯n-I km-l-
N-cy-§-fp-sS \nÀ-an-Xn F-¶ \n-e-
bn ap-kvenw hn-Zym-`ymk-s¯
kn.Un.Fkv (Centre for Develop-
mental Studies) \-S¯n-b H-ä-s¸-« ]
T-\-§-fÃm-sX ka-{K ]T-\-¯n-
\v hn-t[-b-am-¡-s¸-«n-«nÃ. A-Xv
\-S-¯p-t¼m-gm-bn-cn¡pw tI-c-f-
¯n-se ap-kv-enw-I-fp-sS hn-Zym-`ym-
k-¯n-sâ B-\p-
]m-Xn-Iam-b h-fÀ-¨bpw sa-
¨-s¸-« hn-Zym-`ym-k-¯n-sâ
e-`y-Xbpw b-YmÀ-°-¯n hn-
Zym-`ym-kw sIm-@p@m-b t\-«-
§fpw F-{X-t¯m-fw ap-kvenw
k-ap-Zm-bw I-c-Ø-am-¡n-bn-
«p-@v F-¶v a-\-Ên-em-¡p-hm³
I-gn-bp-I.
6 Pq¬ 2020
tSm-sS k-ap-Zm-bw {]-tbm-P-\-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p-anÃ.
"B-cy-s\-gp-¯pw' Cw-¥o-jv hn-Zym-`ym-khpw
Z-imÐ-§-tfm-fw \n-jn-²-am-¡n kz-bw XS-Êw
\n-¶ ap-kv enw bm-Ym-ØnXn-I hn-`m-K-§Ä
F-¶v ap-{Z-Ip-¯-s¸-«-hÀ Cw-¥o-jv ao-Un-bw
kv-Iq-fp-IÄ Xp-S-§m\pw F-®w Iq-«m\pw a-Õ-
cn-¡p¶p. ]p-tcm-K-a-\-]-£-sa-¶v A-h-Im-i-s¸-
Sp-¶ hn-`m-K-amh-s« A-©v Z-im-Ð-§Ä-¡p
ap-¼p-Å hn-Zym-`ym-k A-P-@-bn \nt¶m
co-Xn-bn \nt¶m H-cp am-ähpw D-@m-¡n-bn-«nÃ.
ap-kvenw hn-Zym-`ym-k Øm-]-\-§-fp-sS F-®-
s¸-cp-¸w {]-I-S-amWv. F-¶m A-h-bp-sS ta·
(Quality) k-tlm-Z-c k-apZm-b Øm-]-\-§-fp-am-
bn Xm-c-X-ay-s¸-Sp-¯p-t¼mÄ tim-N-\o-b-am-
sW-¶v Im-Wm-\m-hpw. a-[y-a-hÀ-K-¯nÂ-s¸-«-
hcpw ]m-h-s¸-«-h-cpam-b ap-kv-enw-IÄ `o-a-kw-
Jy \Â-In sa-Un-kn\pw F-©n-\o-b-dnw-Kn\pw
kzm{ib tIm-f-Pn ]-Tn-¡p-¶n-S-¯m-Wv ap-
kvvenw hn-Zym-`ym-kw X-f-¡-s¸-«v In-S-¡p¶Xv;
H-ä-s¸-« A-]-hm-Z-§Ä \-S-¡p-¶p-s@-¦n-epw.
e-£§Ä, Nn-e-t¸mÄ tIm-Sn-IÄ X-s¶-bpw,
"tIm-g' \Â-In A-Uv-an-j³ hm-§p-¶ ap-kvenw
hn-Zym-À-°n-I-fp-sS t]-cn ap-kvenw k-ap-Zm-b-
¯n-\v A-`n-am-\n-¡m-s\-´v h-I-bp-s@-¶v
k-apZm-b t\-Xm-¡Ä t]mepw a-\-Ên-em-¡p-
¶nÃ. ]-Ww sIm-Sp-¯v ta-·-bp-ä hn-Zym-`ym-kw
hne-¡v hm-§m-\m-hp-sa-¶v I-cp-Xp-¶ c-£n-Xm-
¡Ä-¡v D-¶-X hn-Zym-`ym-k-s¯-¡p-dn-¨v Im-
tem-Nn-Xam-b H-c-dn-hnÃ. Ip-«n-I-fp-sS A-`n-cp-Nn-
b-dn-bm-sX s{]m-^-j-WÂ tIm-gv-kp-IÄ-¡v
tNÀ-¡p-¶-hÀ X-Ån-¡-f-bm-\m-hm-¯ i-X-am-
\-sa-¦nepw tIm-gv-kp-IÄ ]qÀ-¯o-I-cn-¡m-sX
sIm-gn-ªp t]m-Ip¶-Xv a-\-Ên-em-¡-s¸-Sp-
¶nÃ. F-©n-\o-bÀ-am-cpw tUm-ÎÀ-am-cp-am-bn
Fw.F.Fw.H tIm-fPv
6 Pq¬ 2020
A-d-_n-Iv tIm-f-Pp-Ifpw s{S-bn-
\nw-Kv tIm-f-Pp-Ifpw F-©n-\o-b-dnw-
Kvþsa-Un-¡Â tIm-f-Pp-I-fpw l-bÀ
sk-¡â-dn kv-Iq-fp-Ifpw \-S-¯p-I-
sb-¶-Xn-\-¸p-dw hn-Zym-`ym-k-]-cam-b
hn-Im-k-¯n-\v amdn-b Im-e-¯n-\\p-
tbm-Pyam-b H-cm-kq-{Xn-X ]²-Xn ap-
kvv-enw k-ap-Zm-b-¯n-\nÃ. hn-Zym-`ym-k
hn-N-£-W-cp-sS ssh-Z-Kv[y-tam
A-\p-`-h ]-cnN-btam k-a-{Kam-b
Im-gv-N¸m-tSm-sS k-ap-Zm-bw {]-tbm-P-
\-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p-anÃ.
"B-cy-s\-gp-¯pw' Cw-¥o-jv hn-Zym-`ym-
khpw Z-imÐ-§-tfm-fw \n-jn-²-
am-¡n kz-bw XS-Êw \n-¶ ap-kvenw
bm-Ym-ØnXn-I hn-`m-K-§Ä F-¶v
ap-{Z-Ip-¯-s¸-«-hÀ Cw-¥o-jv ao-Un-bw
kv-Iq-fp-IÄ Xp-S-§m\pw F-®w
Iq-«m\pw a-Õ-cn-¡p¶p.
{]-th-in-¡p¶ tem-Iw A-{X-am{Xw A-\p-Iq-e-
aà F¶pw c-£m-IÀ-¯m-¡Ät¡m hn-Zym-`ym-
k-cwK-¯v {]-hÀ-¯n-¡p-¶-hÀt¡m A-dn-bnÃ.
am-\-hn-Iþhym]m-c im-kv-{X-hn-j-b-§-fnepw
]pXn-b aÄ-«n Un-kn-¹n\-dn tIm-gv-kp-I-fn-ep-
ap-Å ]T-\-km-[y-X-IÄ ap-kvenw k-ap-Zm-b-¯n-
\v s]m-Xp-sh A-\y-am-bn-¡n-S-¡p¶p. knPn
(Centre for Information and Guidance India)¡v
29

]n.F-kv.Fw.H tIm-fPv
kÀ skbv-Zv tIm-fPv
t]mepw C-¡m-cy-¯n C-\nbpw hen-b am-ä-
§-fp-@m-t¡-@-Xp@v. am-Xm-]n-Xm-¡Ä-¡pÅ
t_m-[-h¡-c-W ]-cn-io-e-\ ]-cn-]m-Sn-IÄ
DZv-t_m-[-\-am-bn am-dp-I-bpw, a-¡-fp-sS ]T\-
s¯ k-lm-bn-¡p-¶ Nn-e co-Xn-IÄ t\-Sp-¶-Xn-
\-¸p-dw s]m-Xp-hn-`m-K-¯n-sâ ho-£-W-]-ctam
B-´-cn-Itam B-b am-ä-§Ä D-@m-¡p-¶nÃ.
hn-Zym-`ym-kw t\-Sp-¶-h-cp-sS hy-àn-Xz-¯nÂ
D-bÀ-¶ Nn-´, _p-²n]-ctam {In-bmß-Itam
B-b hn-Imkw, kÀ-Km-ßI-X, A-]-{K-Y-\ ti-
jn Xp-S§n-b L-S-I-§-fp-sS k-¶n-th-iw km-
[y-am-Ip-¶pt@m F¶pw kw-i-bn-t¡-@n-
bn-cn-¡p-¶p. km-aqln-I Po-hn-X-¯n-sâ _m-ly-
X-e {]-I-S\w, B-Uw_-c-tamlw, B-tLm-j
kw-Lm-S\w, hn-t\m-Z {]-hr-¯n F-¶n-h-bnÂ
hen-b amä-§-sfm¶pw hn-Zym-`ym-kw D-@m-¡p-
¶nÃ. AXn-ssh-Im-cn-I-X- B-tLm-jn-¡m-\
Ãm-sX B-g-ap-Å H-cp Nn-´m-aÞ-etam ap-Jy-
[m-cm k-aq-l-¯n-se im-kv-{Xo-bþkmw-kv-Im-cn-
30
]-e Im-cy-§-fpw sh-fn-s¸-Sp-¯p¶p: 3. kÀ-¡mÀ k-lm-b-t¯m-sS \-S-¯p-¶ hn-
1. tI-c-f-¯n-se ap-kv-enw-IÄ-¡v B-kq-{Xn- Zym-`ym-k Øm-]-\-§-fn A-]qÀ-hw Nn-e-sXm-
Xam-b H-cp hn-Zym-`ym-k \-btam `m-hn-Ime-s¯ gn-¨v _m¡n-sbm-s¡bpw A-[ym-]-I \n-b-a-\-
ap-¶n I@p-sIm-@p-Å IÀ-a-]-²Xntbm CÃ. ¯n\pw am-t\-Pv-saâ v Izm-« A-Uv-an-j\pw tIm-g
cm-{ão-bþkm-aqln-I cw-K-§-fn t\-XrXzw hm-§p-¶-h-cmWv. k-ap-Zm-b-¯n-se D-Zm-c-a-\-kv-
sIm-Sp-¡p-¶-hÀ-¡v C-¡m-cy-¯n H-cp hn-Z-Kv-[ I-cp-sS k-lm-bhpw kÀ-¡mÀ {Kmâpw D-]-tbm-
k-an-Xn-sb \n-b-an-¨v \-bhpw ]-²-Xnbpw cq-]- Kn-¨v \-S-¯-s¸-Sp-¶ ]-e ap-kv enw Øm-]-\-
s¸-Sp-¯m-hp-¶-XmWv. a-Õ-cn-¨v Øm-]-\-§Ä §fpw hen-b kw-Jy ssI-¸-än-bm-Wv \n-b-a-
Xp-S-§p-¶ k-apZm-b kw-L-S-\-IÄ ssh-cw \þ{]-th-i-\ Im-cy-§Ä \n-Ý-bn-¡p-¶Xv.
sh- S n- ª v H- c p s]m- X p- k - a n- X n- s b I- s @- A-[ym-]-I-cp-sSbpw hn-ZymÀ-°n-I-fp-sSbpw Izm-
¯phm\pw hn-Zym-`ym-k h-fÀ¨-bv¡v H-cp cq-] fn-än Ip-d-bv¡m³ C-Xv Im-c-W-am-Ip¶p. {]-Xn-
tc-J D-@m-¡p-hm\pw {i-an-t¡-@-Xp@v. Cu _²-X-tbm-sS {]-hÀ-¯n-¡p-¶ H-cp A-[ym-]-I
s]m-Xp-k-an-Xn-bp-sS I-s@-¯-ep-Ifpw \nÀ-tZ-
i-§fpw A-Sn-Øm-\-am-¡n-bmh-Ww k-apZm-b
kw-L-S-\-IÄ h-cm-\n-cn-¡p-¶ Im-ew hn-Zym-
`ym-k {]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä-¡v cq-]w sIm-Sp-t¡-@
Xv. hn-Zym-`ym-kw t\-Sp-¶-h-cp-sS hy-
2. B-[p\n-I hn-Zym-`ym-k-cwK-s¯ K-Xn-hn- àn-Xz-¯n D-bÀ-¶ Nn-´,
K-Xn-I-f-dn-bm-sX hn-Zym-`ym-k Øm-]-\-§Ä _p-²n]-ctam {In-bmß-Itam
kzm{i-b ta-Je - b- n D-@m-¡n-sb-Sp-¡p-¶X - n-s\ B-b hn-Imkw, kÀ-Km-ßI-X,
t{]m-Õm-ln-¸n-¡c - pXv. ap-kvenw kw-LS- \-Itfm A-]-{K-Y-\ ti-jn Xp-S§n-b L-S-I-
{S-kv-äp-Itfm \-S-¯p-¶ hn-Zym-`ym-k Øm-]-\-
§-fp-sS ta-·-sb-¡p-dn¨pw \-S-¯n-¸n-s\-¡p- §-fp-sS k-¶n-th-iw km-[y-am-Ip-
dn¨pw bm-YmÀ°y-t_m-[-t¯m-sS A-]-{KY-\w ¶pt@m F¶pw kw-i-bn-t¡-@n-
\-S¯n, sa-¨-s¸-« hn-Zym-`ym-kw \Â-Im-\p-Å bn-cn-¡p-¶p. km-aqln-I Po-hn-X-¯n-
\-S-]-Sn-{I-a-§Ä-¡v cq-]w \Â-tI-@-Xp@v. tI- sâ _m-ly-X-e {]-I-S\w, B-Uw_-
c-f-¯n-se G-ähpw \Ã hn-Zym-`ym-k Øm-]-\- c-tamlw, B-tLm-j kw-Lm-S\w,
§Ä I-s@-¯p-t¼mÄ {]-i-kv-X-sa-¶v A-`n- hn-t\m-Z {]-hr-¯n F-¶n-h-bnÂ
am-\n-¡p-¶ hn-Zym-`ym-k Øm-]-\-§-fp-sS hen-b amä-§-sfm¶pw hn-Zym-`ym-kw
t]-cv t]mepw k-ap-Zm-b-¯n-tâ-Xm-bn kw-`m-h-\
sN-¿m³ I-gn-bp-¶nÃ. {]-ikvX - kÀ-th-Ifntem
D-@m-¡p-¶nÃ. AXn-ssh-Im-cn-I-X-
{]-kn-²o-I-c-W-§Ä \-S-¯p-¶ A-t\z-j- B-tLm-jn-¡m-\Ãm-sX B-g-ap-Å
W¯ntem F´p-sIm-@v tI-c-f-¯n-se H-cp H-cp Nn-´m-aÞ-etam ap-Jy-[m-cm
ap-kvenw Øm-]-\-sa-¦nepw I-S-¶p-Iq-Sp-¶nà k-aq-l-¯n-se im-kv-{Xo-bþkmw-kv-
F¶-Xv k-ap-Zm-bw Xn-cn-¨-dn-bp-¶nÃ. \n-e-hm-c- Im-cn-I-cw-K-¯p-Å ]-¦m-fn-¯-tam
ap-Å Øm-]-\-§-fp-sS Izm-fn-än Cw-{]q-hv-saân- ]p-Xp-X-eap-d C-Sw I-s@-¯p-¶nÃ.
\v k-ap-Zm-bw H-cp ka-{K ]²-Xn cq-]-s¸-Sp-¯n-
sb-Sp-t¡-@-Xp@v.
kpÃ-ap-Êemw tIm-f-Pv
I-cw-K-¯p-Å ]-¦m-fn-¯-tam ]p-Xp-X-eap-d C-Sw
I-s@-¯p-¶nÃ. B-\p-Iq-ey-§-fn \n-¶v ]-Sp-
¯p-bÀ-¯-s¸-Sp-¶ H-cp am-[ya-Xe s]m-Xp-hÀ-
K-am-Wv ]p-Xp-hn-Zym-`ym-kw ap-kvenw k-ap-Zm-b-
¯n s]m-Xp-sh D-@m-¡n-¯oÀ-¡p¶Xv;
{]-Xn-`-bn \n¶pw {In-bm-ß-I-X-bn \n¶pw
H-cp ]pXp-tem-I {]-th-iw a-µ-K-Xn-bn-em-Wn-
t¸m-gpw.
ap-kv-enw-I-fp-sS hn-Zym-`ymkw
Nn-e \n-co-£-W-§Ä
ZoÀ- L - h o- £ - W tam h- c m- \ n- c n- ¡ p- ¶
Ime-s¯ Xn-cn-¨-dn-ªv cq]w-sIm-Sp-¡p-¶ H-cp
IÀ-a-]-²Xntbm hn-Zym-`ym-k-Im-cy-¯n ap-
kvvenw k-ap-Zm-b-¯n-\nÃ. a-äp ]-e ta-J-e-I-
fnepw km-aqln-I ap-{Z ]-Xn-¸n-¨n-«p-Å tI-c-f-
¯n-se ap-kv-enw-IÄ-¡m-Wv C§-s\ kw-`-hn-
¡p¶Xv; F¶-Xv Ipg-ªp a-dn-ªv In-S-¡p-¶
6 Pq¬ 2020 6 Pq¬ 2020
31
a-Þ-e-t¯bpw I-gn-hp-ä hn-ZymÀ-°n tem-I-
t¯bpw C-Xv CÃm-Xm-¡p¶p. A-[ym-]-I-cp-sS
sa-dn-äv t\m-¡n \n-ba-\w \-S-¯p-¶ Øm-]-\-
§Ä-t¡ ta-·bp-ä hn-Zym-`ym-kw \Â-Im-\mhq.
am-t\-Pv-saâ v Izm-«-bn {]-thi-\w \Â-Ip-
t¼mÄ sa-dn-äv Izm-«-bn-se kz-k-ap-Zm-bmw-K-§Ä-
¡v ap³KW\ \Â-tI-@-Xp@v.
4. ap-kv enw k-ap-Zm-b-¯n-sâ t]-cn A-
\pa-Xn e-`n-¨p \-S-¯p-¶ a-lm-`q-cn]-£w kzm
{ib tIm-f-Pp-Ifpw _n-kn-\-Êp-Im-cp-sS ssI-
I-fn-emWv. D-¶-Xam-b hn-Zym-`ym-k \n-e]m-tSm
aq-eym-Sn-Øm-\-¯n-ep-Å \-S-¯n-¸p co-Xn-Itfm
Cu tIm-f-Pp-IÄt¡m kv-Iq-fp-IÄt¡m CÃ.
ap-kvenw k-ap-Zm-b-¯nÂ-s¸-« ]m-h-s¸«-hÀt¡m
sa-dn-än ap-¶n h-cp-¶ k-ap-Zm-b-¯nÂ-s¸-«
hn-ZymÀ-°n-IÄt¡m ^o-kn-\-¯n C-f-sh-
¦nepw sN-bvXp-sIm-Sp-¡p-¶ hn-Zym-`ym-k Øm-
]-\-§Ä Dt@m F¶p-t]mepw A-dn-bnÃ.
A-\m-Ym-eb-§-tfm-Sv tNÀ-¶p \-S-¯p-¶ Nn-e
k-apZm-b Øm-]-\-§Ä am-{X-am-Wv C-Xn-\v
A-]-hm-Z-am-bn-«p-ÅXv. ]-e kzm{ib tIm-f-Pp-
Ifpw A-[ym-]-IÀ¡pw A-\-[ym-]-IÀ¡pw AÀ-
l-X-s¸-« thX-\w \Â-Ip-¶nÃ. ]-c-kv]-cw
a-Õ-cn-¡p-¶ k-apZm-b kw-L-S-\-IÄ hn-Zym-
`ym-k Øm-]-\-§-fp-sS \-S-¯n-¸n-se I¨-h-S
XmÂ-]-cy-§Ä kw-c-£n-¡m³ H-¶n-¨p-\nÂ-¡p-
¶Xpw Im-Wm-\m-bn-«p@v. k-apZm-b {]m-Xn-\n-
[y-¯n-sâ t]-cn A-\pa-Xn t\-Sn ]-Sp-¯p-bÀ-
¯p-¶ Cu kzm{ib tIm-f-Pp-IÄ s]m-Xp-sh
k-ap-Zm-b-¯n-\v th-@n F-´p sN-¿p-¶p-sh¶-Xv
]Tn-t¡-@-Xp@v. kzm{ib tIm-f-PpI-sf H-cp
tkm-jy Hm-Un-änw-Kn-\v hn-t[-b-am-¡m³ k-ap-
Zm-b-¯n-\v km-[n-¡Ww. AXn-s\m-cp s]m-Xp
kzX-{´ k-an-Xn D-@m-¡p-hm-\m-Wv {i-an-t¡-@
Xv.
5. ap-kvenw hn-Zym-`ym-k Im-cy-¯n `uXn-I
h-fÀ-¨ D-@m-bn«pw sadn-än F-{X i-X-am-\w
D-¶-X Øm-\-§-fn F-¯n-t¨-cp-¶p-sh¶-Xv
A-t\z-j-W-hn-t[-b-am-¡p-¶nÃ. kz-Im-cy-Øm-
U-»yq.Fw.H tIm-fPv
32
]-\-§-fn ]-Ww ssI¸-än Nn-In-Õ \-S-¯p¶
tUm-ÎÀ-am-cpsStbm a-äp D-tZym-K-Ø-cpsStbm
F-®-s¸-cp-¸-aà b-YmÀ-° hn-Zym-`ym-k h-fÀ-
¨-sb-¶v k-ap-Zm-bw Xn-cn-¨-dn-bWw. F-{X t]
À {]-th-i-\-¸-co-£-bnepw amÀ-¡n-sâ A-Sn-Øm-
\-¯nepw hnhn-[ ta-J-e-I-fn-se hn-Zym-`ym-k
Øm-]-\-§-fn-se-¯n-t¨-cp-¶p-sh-¶-Xm-Wv {]-
[m\w. kv-tIm-fÀ-jn-t¸m-sS hntZ-i Øm-]-\-
§-fn F-{X t]À ]Tn-¡p-¶p-@v F-¶-Xm-Wv
hnP-bw Xo-cp-am-\n-¡p-¶-Xn-se H-cp am-\-ZÞw.
ap-kvenw hn-ZymÀ-°n-I-fp-sS ]T-\hpw D-tZym-K-
e-Ïnbpw h-kv-Xp-\n-jvTm-]-cam-b A-t\z-j-W-
¯n-\v hn-t[-b-am-t¡-@-Xp@v.
6. ap-kvenw hn-ZymÀ-°n-I-fp-sS sIm-gnªp-
t]m¡v (Dropouts) a-äv k-ap-Zm-b-§-tf-¡m-tf-sd
tI-c-f-¯n-se G-ähpw \Ã hn-
Zym-`ym-k Øm-]-\-§Ä I-s@-
¯p-t¼mÄ {]-i-kv-X-sa-¶v
A-`n-am-\n-¡p-¶ hn-Zym-`ym-k Øm-
]-\-§-fp-sS t]-cv t]mepw k-ap-Zm-
b-¯n-tâ-Xm-bn kw-`m-h-\ sN-¿m³
I-gn-bp-¶nÃ. {]-ikv-X kÀ-th-Ifn-
tem {]-kn-²o-I-c-W-§Ä \-S-¯p-
¶ A-t\z-j-W¯ntem F´p-
sIm-@v tI-c-f-¯n-se H-cp ap-kvenw
Øm-]-\-sa-¦nepw I-S-¶p-Iq-Sp-¶nÃ
F¶-Xv k-ap-Zm-bw Xn-cn-¨-dn-bp-¶nÃ.
\n-e-hm-c-ap-Å Øm-]-\-§-fp-sS
Izm-fn-än Cw-{]q-hv-saâ n-\v k-ap-Zm-bw
H-cp ka-{K ]²-Xn cq-]-s¸-Sp-¯n-
sb-Sp-t¡-@-Xp@v.
6 Pq¬ 2020
Iq-Sp-X-em-sW-¶v \n-co-£n-¡m-\m-bn-«p@v.
s{]m-^-j-W tIm-gv-kp-I-fn ]Tn-¡p-¶ ap-
kvvenw hn-ZymÀ-°n-If
- n A-hK - W
- n-¡m-\m-hm-¯-
hn-[w AwK§Ä tIm-gv-kv ]qÀ-¯n-bm-¡m-\m-
hm-sX ]T-\w A-h-km-\n-¸n-¡p¶p. A-`n-
cpNntbm ss\-]pWytam ]cn-tim-[n-¡m-sX
tIm-gv-kp-IÄ-¡v tN-cp¶-Xv sIm-gnªp-t]
m-¡n-sâ {][m-\ Im-c-W-amWv. hn-Zym-`ym-k
amÀ-K \nÀ-tZ-i-I-cpw C-¡m-cy-¯n hn-ZymÀ-
°nI-sf h-gn-sX-än-¡p-¶p-@v. tIm-gv-kv ]qÀ-
¯o-I-cn-¨ ]-e hn-ZymÀ-°n-IÄ¡pw hn-c-ep-I-
fn-se-®m-\m-hm¯{X "_m-¡v t]¸-dp'I-fp@v.
\m-ev hÀ-j-¸T-\-Im-ew k-½m-\n-¨ C-cp-]-Xn-e-
[n-Iw t]-¸-dp-IÄ-¡v tXm-äv A©pw Bdpw
sImÃ-am-bn ]-co-£-sb-gp-Xn-s¡m-t@-bn-cn-
¡p-¶ ap-kvenw hn-ZymÀ-°n-IÄ [m-cm-fw Iu¬-
k-en-§n-s\-¯p-¶ Im-e-am-Wn-Xv. c-k-I-cam-b
Cu "Iq-«-¸-cm-Pbw' ]-e c-£m-IÀ-¯m-¡fpw
A-dn-bp-¶nÃ. Cu hnj-bw ]Tn-¨v ]-cnlm-c
amÀ-K-§Ä-¡v cq-]w \Â-tI-@-Xp@v.
7. _n-cp-Ztam _n-cp-Zm\-´-c _n-cp-Ztam t\-
Sn-bn«pw ho«p-tPm-en sN-bv-Xv I-gn-bp-¶ Ip-Spw-
_n-\n-IÄ ap-kv-enw-IÄ-¡n-S-bn G-dn-h-cp¶p.
C-Xv hn-Zym-`ymkw-sIm-@v ap-kvenw kv-{Xo-IÄ-
¡v Im-cyam-b km-aq-ly-]Z-hn am-äw kw-`-hn-
¡p-¶nà F-¶v sh-fn-s¸-Sp-¯p¶p. c-£-mIÀ-
¯m¡-sf kw-_-Ôn-¨n-S-t¯m-fw hn-Zym-`ym-kw
s]¬-Ip-«n-IÄ-¡v hn-hm-lw h-sc-bp-Å H-cp
GÀ-¸m-SmWv. ap-kvenw kv-{Xo-IÄ-¡v s]m-Xp-sh
hn-Zym-`ym-kw h-gn thX-\w ]-äp-¶ H-cp sXm-
gn (Exchange value work) k-¼m-Zn-¡p-hm³
Im-c-W-am-¡p-¶nÃ. Ip-Spw-_n-\n-bp-sS [À-a-
\nÀ-hlWw (use value work) sN-bv-Xp I-gn-bm-
\m-Wv ]-e _n-cp-Z-[m-cn kv-{Xo-I-fp-sSbpw
\n-tbmKw. Ip-Spw-_-L-S-\bpw ]p-cp-j-tI-
{µoIr-X hy-h-Ø-bpw kv-{Xo-I-fp-sS im-ào-I-
c-W-¯n-\v XS-Êw \nÂ-¡p¶-Xv F-§-s\-
sbÃm-sa¶-Xv a-\-Ên-em-¡m-Xn-cp-¶-IqSm.
A-Xn-Po-h-\-¯n-\p-Å amÀ-K-§Ä I-s@-t¯-
@-Xp-ap@v.
8. a¡-sf ]Tn-¸n-¡-W-sa-¶Xv, {]-tXy-In-¨v
B¬-Ip-«nI-sf B-thm-fw ]Tn-¸n-¡-W-sa¶-Xv
C-¶v s]m-Xp-sh ap-kvenw c-£-mIÀ-¯m-¡-fp-sS
Xo-{hm-`n-em-j-amWv. F-¶m D-¶-X hn-Zym-
`ym-k km-[y-X-I-sf-¡p-dn-t¨m, A-Xn-\p-Å
amÀ-K§-sf¡p-dn-t¨m, D-¶-X hn-Zym-`ym-k Øm-
]-\-§-sf-¡p-dnt¨m ap-kv enw c-£m-IÀ-¯m-
¡Ä-¡v A-h-t_m-[-anÃ. k-aq-l-¯n \n-e-
sIm- Å p- ¶ A- b - Y mÀ- ° - ] qÀ- W tam ap³
hn[n-tbm-sS-bp-ÅtXm B-b Xo-cp-am-\-§-fm-Wv
Ah-sc kzm-[o-\n-¡p-¶Xv. a-äp-Å-hÀ hn-[n-
¡p-¶ "kv-tIm-¸m'Wv `q-cn]-£w k-ap-Zm-bmw-
K-§-fp-tSbpw Xo-cp-am\w. hn-Zym-`ym-k-]-c-am-b
{]-iv-\-§Ä-¡v amÀ-K-\nÀ-tZ-itam ]-cn-lm-ctam
Im-Wm-\p-Å im-kv-{Xo-b amÀ-K-§-sf-¡p-dn-
¨p-Å A-dn-hnÃmbv-a ap-kvenw c-£-mIÀ-¯m-
¡-fp-sS s]m-Xp {]-iv-\-§fn-sem-¶mWv.
9. hmb-\, Nn-´, A-]-{KY-\w F-¶o Im-cy-
§-fn ap-kvenw k-aq-lw Ku-c-h-t¯m-sS-bp-Å
6 Pq¬ 2020
ap-kvenw hn-Zym-`ym-k Im-cy-¯nÂ
`uXn-I h-fÀ-¨ D-@m-bn«pw sadn-
än F-{X i-X-am-\w D-¶-X Øm-
\-§-fn F-¯n-t¨-cp-¶p-sh¶-Xv
A-t\z-j-W-hn-t[-b-am-¡p-¶nÃ. kz-
Im-cy-Øm-]-\-§-fn ]-Ww ssI¸-
än Nn-In-Õ \-S-¯p¶ tUm-ÎÀ-am-
cpsStbm a-äp D-tZym-K-Ø-cpsStbm
F-®-s¸-cp-¸-aà b-YmÀ-° hn-Zym-
`ym-k h-fÀ-¨-sb-¶v k-ap-Zm-bw
Xn-cn-¨-dn-bWw. F-{X t]À {]-th-i-
\-¸-co-£-bnepw amÀ-¡n-sâ A-Sn-
Øm-\-¯nepw hnhn-[ ta-J-e-I-fn-se
hn-Zym-`ym-k Øm-]-\-§-fn-se-¯n-
t¨-cp-¶p-sh-¶-Xm-Wv {]-[m\w.
kv-tIm-fÀ-jn-t¸m-sS hntZ-i Øm-]-
\-§-fn F-{X t]À ]Tn-¡p-¶p-@v
F-¶-Xm-Wv hnP-bw Xo-cp-am-\n-¡p-
¶-Xn-se H-cp am-\-ZÞw.
H-cp k-ao]-\w sh-¨v ]p-eÀ-¯p-¶nÃ. _p-²n-]-
c-ambpw kÀ-Km-ß-I-am-bp-ap-Å hy-àn-Xz L-S-
I-§-fp-sS hn-Im-kw ap-kv-enw Ip-«n-IÄ-¡v e-`n-
¡m-sX t]m-Ip-¶p. kÀ-Km-ßI - am-b h-fÀ¨-bv¡v
th-@n hn-Zym-`ym-k Imcy¯n Im-cyam-b
H-cn-S-s]-Sepw k-ap-Zm-bw \-S-¯p-¶nÃ.
10. ]n-¶m-¡w \nÂ-¡p-¶ k-aÀ-°cm-b hn-
ZymÀ-°n-IÄ-¡v D-Nn-Xam-b kv-tIm-fÀ-jn-¸v
\Â-Im³ k-ap-Zm-b-¯n-\v kw-kv-Ym\-X-e hy-
h-Øm-]n-Xam-b H-cp ]-²-Xn-bnÃ. k-ap-Zm-b-¯n-
sâ D-Zm-c-a-\-kv-IX-sb im-kv-{Xo-bam-b amÀ-K-
§-fn-eq-sS {]-tbm-K-¯n h-cp-¯m³ {i-a-§-
fp-@m-bn-«nÃ.
tI-c-f-¯n-se ap-kv-enw-I-fp-sS D-¶-X hn-Zym-
`ym-k cwK-s¯ hnIm-k ]-cn-Wma-s¯ hn-i-
Ie-\w sN-¿m³ k-apZm-b kw-L-S-\-IÄ H-cp
s]m-Xp aÞ-ew cq-]-s¸-Sp-¯n-sb-Sp-t¡-@-Xn-
sâ B-h-iy-I-X ]p-XpIm-e hn-Zym-`ym-k {]-iv-
\-§Ä hy-à-am-¡p¶p. hn-Zym-`ym-k hn-Z-Kv-[-
cp-sS H-cp k-an-Xn-sb k-apZm-b kw-L-S-\-IÄ
t\-XrXzw \Â-In \n-b-an-t¡-@-Xp@v. ap-kvenw
hn-Zym-`ym-k-¯n-sâ K-Xn-hn-K-Xn-I-sf-¡p-dn-¨pw
{]iv-\ ]-cn-k-c-§-sf-¡p-dn¨pw h-kv-Xp-\n-
jvTam-b Xp-SÀ A-t\z-j-W-§-fpw A-Xn-sâ-b-
Sn-Øm-\-¯n-ep-Å IÀ-a-]-²-XnIfpw ap-kvenw
k-ap-Zm-b-¯n-\I-¯v \n-¶p X-s¶ D-cp-¯n-cn-
ªp-hc - Ww. ZoÀ-Lh- o-£W- t- ¯m-sS h-cpwIm-e
hn-Zym-`ym-k-s¯-¡p-dn-¨v H-cp k-a-{Kam-b ]-²-Xn-
bp-sS A-Sn-Øm-\-¯n-emh-Ww C-\n-bp-Å Im-
e-sa-¦nepw ap-t¶m-«v t]m-tI-@Xv. k-apZm-b
kw-L-S-\-I-fp-sS k-¦p-Nn-X Nn-´-bn am-ä-ap-
@m-Im-sX C-Xv A-km-[y-am-Wp-Xm-\pw.
33
hn-\o-Xm hn-P-b³

tI -c-f-¯n-sâ hn-Zym-`ym-k N-cn-

{X-¯n {i-t²-ba

@pw B-ßmÀ-¸-Ww sIm-@pw F-gp-Xn-t¨À-¯

- m-b A-²ym-
bw X-sâ A-²zm-\w sIm-

hy-àn-bm-Wv kn.F-¨v ap-l-½-Zv-tIm-b. cm-{ã-X-

{´-Ú-\pw F-gp-¯p-Im-c-\pw {]-`m-j-I-\pw
hn-Zym-`ym-k a-{´n-bpw ap-Jy-a-{´n-bpw D-]-ap-Jy-
a-{´n-bpw \n-b-a-k-`m km-am-Pn-I-\pw.... A-§-s\
h-ln-¨n-cp-¶ ]-Z-hn-IÄ am-dp-t¼m-gpw, hn-Zym-`ym-
k-¯n-\v ]-c-a-{]m-[m-\yw \Â-In A-t±-lw
\-S-¯n-b {]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä A-¡m-e-¯pw Xp-SÀ-
¶pw tI-c-fo-b s]m-Xp-k-aq-l-¯n-epw hn-ti-jn-
¨v ap-kv-eow k-ap-Zm-bw DÄ-s¸-sS ]n-¶m-¡,
\yq-\-]-£, Z-fn-Xv-hn-`m-K-§-fp-sS km-aq-ly ap-
t¶-ä-¯n-\pw \Â-In-b Xz-cn-X-hpw _-e-h-¯p-
am-b ap-t¶-ä-am-Wv C-X-c cw-K-§-fn A-t±-l-

hn-Zym-`ym-k
]p-tcm-K-Xn-bnÂ
kn.F-¨nsâ ]-¦v
tIcf¯nse s]mXp{]hÀ¯\ taJebv¡v
F¡mehpw amXrIbmb alm\mbncp¶p kn.F¨v
apl½ZvtImb. kuayamb s]cpamähpw \njvIf¦
kvt\lhpw ImgvN¸mSpIfnse Kcnabpw sIm@v
hyXykvX\mb At±lamWv tIcf¯nse apkvenw
kapZmb¯nsâ hnZym`ymk ]ptcmKXnbn \nÀWm-
bI ]¦phln¨sX¶v hniZam¡pIbmWv ZfnXv
BIvSn-hnÌpw Kth-jIbp-amb teJnI.
kn.F-¨v ap-l-½-Zv tIm-b-

34 6 Pq¬ 2020 6 Pq¬ 2020

35

1969se kn.A-Nyp-Xta-t\m³ a-{´n-k-`-bn-se
Aw-K-§Ä-s¡m-¸w hn-Zym-`ym-k a{´n kn.F¨v
¯n-\p t\-Sm-\m-b C-S-§-tf-¡mÄ A-Xn-s\
{]-k-à-am-¡p-¶-Xv..
A-dn-hpw A-£-c-§-fpw Xp-d-¶p-\Â-Ip-¶
A-Xn-cp-I-fn-Ãm-¯ tem-I-s¯, ]-cn-an-Xn-I-fp-sS-
bpw C-Ãm-bv-a-I-fp-sS-bpw C-S-bn-epw kz-]v-\w
I-@p h-fÀ-¶ kn.F-¨v, hm-b-\-sb-bm-Wv A-Xn-
\m-bp-[-am-¡n-b-Xv. sN-dp-{]m-b-¯n-te an-I-¨
hm-Ün-bm-bn kn.F-¨n-s\ am-än-b-Xv A-dn-hn-t\m-
Sp-Å A-S-§m-¯ B-{K-l-hpw hm-b-\-tbm-Sp-Å
{]-Xn-]-¯n-bp-am-bn-cp-¶p. X-sâ ]-Xn-aq-¶mw
h-b-Ên A-¡m-e-¯v A-Xn-{]-i-kv-X-\m-bn-cp-¶
hm-Kv-`-Sm-\-µ³ F-¶ hm-Ün-tbm-sSm-¸w th-Zn-
bn {]-`m-j-I-\m-bn F-¯n tIÄ-hn-¡m-sc
A-¼-c-¸n-¨ kn.F-¨v G-Xm-@v A-tX {]m-b-
¯n X-s¶ F-gp-¯n-sâ ta-J-e-bn-te-¡pw
I-S-¶p-h-¶p. B-Zy-Im-e-§-fn tIm-b, Fw.sI
A-t¯m-fn F-¶o t]-cp-I-fn N-{µn-I-bnÂ
36
sN-dp-{]m-b-¯n-te an-I-¨ hm-Ün-bm-
bn kn.F-¨n-s\ am-än-b-Xv A-dn-hn-
t\m-Sp-Å A-S-§m-¯ B-{K-l-hpw
hm-b-\-tbm-Sp-Å {]-Xn-]-¯n-bp-
am-bn-cp-¶p. X-sâ ]-Xn-aq-¶mw
h-b-Ên A-¡m-e-¯v A-Xn-{]-
i-kv-X-\m-bn-cp-¶ hm-Kv-`-Sm-\-µ³
F-¶ hm-Ün-tbm-sSm-¸w th-Zn-bnÂ
{]-`m-j-I-\m-bn F-¯n tIÄ-hn-¡m-
sc A-¼-c-¸n-¨ kn.F-¨v G-Xm-@v
A-tX {]m-b-¯n X-s¶ F-gp-¯n-
sâ ta-J-e-bn-te-¡pw I-S-¶p-h-¶p.
B-Zy-Im-e-§-fn tIm-b, Fw.sI
A-t¯m-fn F-¶o t]-cp-I-fnÂ
N-{µn-I-bn F-gp-Xn-¯p-S-§n-b
kn.F-¨v, X-sâ B-Zy ]p-kv-X-Iw, en-
bm-J-¯v A-en Jm³ F-¶ Po-h-N-
cn-{X ]p-kv-X-Iw, tI-h-ew C-cp-]-Xp
h-b-Ên {]-kn-²-s¸-Sp-¯p-I-bpw
sN-bv-Xp.
6 Pq¬ 2020
F-gp-Xn-¯p-S-§n-b kn.F-¨v, X-sâ B-Zy
]p-kv-X-Iw, en-bm-J-¯v A-en Jm³ F-¶ Po-
h-N-cn-{X ]p-kv-X-Iw, tI-h-ew C-cp-]-Xp h-b-
Ên {]-kn-²-s¸-Sp-¯p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. A-¡m-
e-¯v X-s¶ N-{µn-I-bp-sS ]-{Xm-[n-] k-an-Xn
Aw-K-am-bn-¯oÀ-¶ kn.F-¨v tI-h-ew C-cp-]-
¯n-c-@m-a-s¯ h-b-Ên N-{µn-I-bp-sS ]-{Xm-
[n-]-cm-bn. {]m-b-¡p-d-hv Im-c-Ww C-´y kz-X-
{´ dn- ¸ - » n- ¡ m- b ti- j - a p- Å B- Z y
s]m-Xp-sX-c-sª-Sp-¸n a-Õ-cn-¡m-\m-hm-sX
t]m-b kn.F-¨v ]n-¶o-Sv a-Õ-cn-¨ Xn-c-sª-Sp-
¸p-I-fn F-Ãmw hn-P-bn-¨ t\-Xm-hm-bpw a-{´n-
bm-bpw ap-Jy-a-{´n-bm-bpw F-Ãmw am-dp-t¼m-gpw
F-gp-¯n-t\m-Spw hm-b-\-tbm-Spw D-Å A-`n-cp-Nn
A-W-bm-sX Im-¯-Xn-sâ ^-e-am-Wv A-t±-l-
¯n-tâ-Xm-bn \-ap-¡v e-`n-¨n-«p-Å H-cp U-k-
\n-te-sd ]p-kv-X-I-§Ä. kz-bw A-dn-hp t\-Sp-
¶-Xn-tem A-Xn-sâ Kp-W-^-e-§Ä A-\p-`-
6 Pq¬ 2020
hn-¡p-¶-Xn-tem B-bn-cp-¶n-Ã A-t±-lw {i-²n-
¨n-cp-¶-Xv. km-aq-ly-am-bpw hn-Zym-`ym-k-]-c-am-
bpw km-¼-¯n-I ti-jn-bn-epw G-ä-hpw ]n-¶m-
¡w \n- ¶ n- c p- ¶ ap- k v - e nw k- a p- Z m- b - s ¯
ap-gp-h-\m-bn hn-Zym-`ym-k-¯n-eq-sS ap-t¶-dm³
{]m-]v-X-am-¡p-I F-¶-Xm-bn-cp-¶p A-t±-l-¯n-
sâ kz-]v-\w. A-Xn-\p-th-@n-bm-bn-cp-¶p A-t±-
l-¯n-sâ b-Xv-\-§Ä.
A-¡m-ew-hs - c, ap-ke
v- nw k-ap-Zm-b¯
- n-\p-ÅnÂ
hn-Zym-`ym-k hn-j-b-¯n \n-e-\n-¶n-cp-¶ a-Xm-
ßo-b-X-bp-sS-bpw `u-Xn-I-X-bp-sS-bpw A-XnÀ-
h-c-¼p-IÄ C-Ãm-bv-a sN-bv-X-Xv kn.F-¨v \-S-
¯n-b A-hn-cm-a-t]m-cm-«-§-fm-Wv. hn-Zym-`ym-k-
]-c-am-bn ]n-¶m-¡w \nÂ-¡p-¶-Xn-\m km-aq-
ly-am-b C-I-gv-N t\-cn-Sp-¶ X-sâ k-ap-Zm-b-s¯
-¡p-dn-¨pÅ D-Åp sXm-« s\m-¼-c-am-Wv B
A-h-Ø-bv-¡v ]-cn-lm-c-ap-@m-¡-W-sa-¶ D-d-¨
e-£y-¯n-te-¡v kn.F-¨n-s\ \-bn-¨-Xv. ""\n-
§Ä B-cp-sS-bpw A-Sn-a-I-fm-h-cp-Xv. sh-Åw
tIm-cn-I-fpw hn-d-Ip-sh-«n-I-fp-am-bn am-d-cp-Xv.
hn-Zym-`ym-k-s¯ B-ßo-b-hpw `u-Xn-I-hp-am-bn
thÀ-Xn-cn-¨p \nÀ-¯n-b-Xm-cm-Wv F-s¶-\n-¡-
dn-bn-Ã. Im-e-¯n-s\m-¯ hn-Zym-`ym-kw ap-kv-enw
k-ap-Zm-bw t\-S-Ww. im-kv-{Xo-b cw-K-¯v Iq-Sp-
X D-Õp-I-cm-h-Ww. "H-¶p-an-sÃ-¦n ao³
hn-äp Po-hn-¨p sIm-Åmw'F-¶ a-t\m-`m-hw am-
ä-Ww. a-Õyw ]n-Sn-¡p-¶-Xp Iq-Sn C-¶v im-kv-
{Xo-b-amÀ-K-¯n-em-Wv'' A-t±-lw X-sâ B-i-¦-
IÄ, {]-Xo-£-IÄ,X-s¶ tIÄ-¡m³ Iq-Sp-¶
BÄ-¡q-«-§Ä-¡p ap-¼n \nÀ-¯-en-Ãm-sX
]-¦p-sh-¨p.
hn-Zym-`ym-k-]-c-am-bn ]n-¶m-¡w
\nÂ-¡p-¶-Xn-\m km-aq-ly-am-b
C-I-gv-N t\-cn-Sp-¶ X-sâ k-ap-Zm-
b-s¯-¡p-dn-¨pÅ D-Åp sXm-«
s\m-¼-c-am-Wv B A-h-Ø-bv-¡v
]-cn-lm-c-ap-@m-¡-W-sa-¶ D-d-¨
e-£y-¯n-te-¡v kn.F-¨n-s\
\-bn-¨-Xv. \n-§Ä B-cp-sS-bpw
A-Sn-a-I-fm-h-cp-Xv. sh-Åw tIm-cn-
I-fpw hn-d-Ip-sh-«n-I-fp-am-bn am-d-cp-
Xv. hn-Zym-`ym-k-s¯ B-ßo-b-hpw
`u-Xn-I-hp-am-bn thÀ-Xn-cn-¨p
\nÀ-¯n-b-Xm-cm-Wv F-s¶-\n-¡-
dn-bn-Ã. Im-e-¯n-s\m-¯ hn-Zym-`ym-
kw ap-kv-enw k-ap-Zm-bw t\-S-Ww.
im-kv-{Xo-b cw-K-¯v Iq-Sp-XÂ
D-Õp-I-cm-h-Ww.
37
kn.F-¨n-sâ kÀ-h-I-em-im-e-IÄ
"\n-§Ä H-cp hÀ-jw ]-e-lm-c-ap-@m-¡p-¶
]-Ww F-\n-¡p X-cq, Rm³ \n-§Ä-¡v H-cp
kÀ-h-I-em-im-e ]-I-cw X-cmw' F-¶-t±-lw
B-hÀ-¯n-¨m-h-iy-s¸-«-Xv h-S-t¡ a-e-_m-dn-se
ho-«-½-am-tcm-Sm-Wv. Im-en-¡-äv kÀ-h-I-em-im-e-
sb-¶ a-l-¯m-b kz-]v-\-s¯, Po-hn-Xm-`n-em-
j-s¯ km-[y-am-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-Å ]-¦m-fn-¯-hpw
]n-´p-W-bp-am-Wv A-¶-t±-lw b-YmÀ-°-¯nÂ
k-ap-Zm-b-t¯m-Sv A-`yÀ-°n-¨-Xv. tI-c-f-¯n-se
ap-gp-h³ hn-Zym-`ym-k Øm-]-\-§-fp-sS-bpw \n-b-
{´-W-¯n-\pw \-S-¯n-¸n-\p-am-bn tI-c-f k-h-I-
em-im-e am-{X-am-Wv A-¶v \n-eh - n-ep-@m-bn-cp-¶X
- v.
A-Xp-aq-ew {]-tbm-P-\w e-`n-¨n-cp-¶-Xv Xn-cp-hn-
Xmw-IqÀ, Xn-cp-s¡m-¨n ta-J-e-I-fn-ep-Å hn-Zym-
`ym-k Øm-]-\-§Ä-¡pw P-\-§Ä-¡pw am-{X-
am-bn-cp-¶p. hn-Zym-`ym-k-]-c-am-bn ]n-¶m-¡w
\nÂ-¡p-¶ a-e-_mÀ ta-J-e A-¡m-c-Ww sIm-
@p X-s¶ tI-c-f-¯n-se X-s¶ C-X-c ta-J-e-
I-tfm-Sv Xm-c-X-ay-s¸-Sp-¯p-t¼mÄ km-aq-ly-am-
bpw sXm-gnÂ-]-c-am-bpw ]n-¶m-¡-am-bn-¯oÀ-¶p.
hn-Zym-`ym-k-]-c-am-bn B {]-tZ-i-§-sf ap-t¶m-
«p \-bn-¡m-\m-bm am-{X-ta B A-h-Ø-bv-¡v
am-äw h-cq F-¶pw, A-Xn-\v a-e-_m-dn-\v H-cp
kÀ-h-I-em-im-e F-¶ e-£yw km-[y-am-tb
Xo-cq F-¶pw A-t±-l-¯n-\v t_m-[y-ap-@m-bn-
cp-¶p. B t_m-[y-¯n-s\m-¸w A-sXm-cm-h-iy-
I-X-bm-bn P-\w Xn-cn-¨-dn-tb-@-Xp-s@-¶pw
A-t±-l-¯n-\-dn-bm-am-bn-cp-¶p. A-Xn-\m-bn Xr-
iq-cpw ]m-e-¡m-Spw I-®q-cpw tIm-gn-t¡m-Spw
a-e-¸p-d-¯pw {Km-a {Km-am-´-c-§Ä tXm-dpw B
e-£yw ap³-\nÀ-¯n kn.F-¨v \n-c-´-cw-{]-kw-
K-§Ä \-S-¯n. {]-kw-Kw am-{X-am-bn-cp-¶n-Ã
A-t±-l-¯n-sâ -{]-hÀ-¯n-I-fpw B e-£y-s¯
ap³-\nÀ-¯n-bm-bn-cp-¶p. A-Xn-\n-S-bn-em-Wv1961Â
P-\m-_v ko-Xn km-ln-_n-sâ a-c-Ww aq-ew H-gn-
hp-h-¶ kv-]o-¡À Øm-\-t¯-¡v, C-´y-bn-se
G-ä-hpw {]m-bw Ip-d-ª kv-]o-¡-dm-bn kn.F-¨v
Xn-c-sª-Sp-¡-s¸-«Xv. 1962 Â kv-]o-¡À]-Z-hn
cm-Pn-h-¨v tIm-gn-t¡m-Sv \n-b-a k-`m a-Þ-e-
¯n \n-¶pw apkvenweo-Kv Fw.]n-bm-bn Xn-c-
sª-Sp-¡-s¸-«-ti-j-ap-Å B-Zy k-`m-{]-kw-K-
¯n X-s¶ A-t±-lw kÀ-h-I-em-im-e-bv-¡m-bn
B-h-iyw D-¶-bn-¨p. Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn-\v C-\n-
sbm-cp bq-Wn-th-gv-kn-än Iq-Sn Xm-§m-\p-Å km-
¼-¯n-I ti-jn-bn-sÃ-¶ ]-\-¼n-Ån tKm-hn-µ-
ta-t\m-sâ-bpw a-äpw hm-Z-§sf ap³-\nÀ-¯n,
kn.F-¨n-sâ B-h-iyw \n-c-kn-¡-s¸-«p. A-t¸m-
gm- W v H- c p ]n- S n- h - Å nt]m- s e, tIm- ¯ m- c n
I-½o-j³ F-¶-dn-b-s¸-« tZ-io-b hn-Zym-`ym-k
I-½o-j³ dn-t¸mÀ-«n tI-c-f-¯n a-e-_mÀ
{]-tZ-i-¯n-\v H-cp kÀ-h-I-em-im-e Iq-Sn th-@-
Xp-s@-¶ \nÀ-tZi-ap-Å-Xm-bn kn.F-¨v I-s@-
¯p-¶-Xv. B dn-t¸mÀ-«nse \nÀ-tZ-iw \-S-¸n-em-
¡p-¶-Xn-\m-bn A-t±-lw {i-a-§Ä Xp-SÀ-¶p.
Im-en-¡-äv kÀ-h-I-em-im-e-¡pth-@n- A-t±-
l-¯n-sâ {i-a-§Ä hn-P-b-{]m-]v-Xn-bn-se-¯n-
b-Xv 1967 Cw.Fw.F-kv a-{´n-k-`-bn A-t±-
lw hn-Zym-`ym-k a-{´n-bm-bn sX-c-sª-Sp-¡-
38
s¸-«-tXm-Sp Iq-Sn-bm-bn-cp-¶p. A-Y-hm X-sâ
e-£y-{]m-]v-Xn-¡m-bn _m-ly-hpw B-`y-´-c-hp-
am-b F-XnÀ-¸p-I-sf sN-dp-¯ptXmÂ-¸n-¨v X-s¶
kn.F-¨v kz-bw Xn-c-sª-Sp-¯-Xm-bn-cp-¶p hn-
Zym-`ym-k h-Ip-¸v. ]-«w Xm-Wp-]n-Å-tb-bpw BÀ
i-¦-dn-s\-bpw tPm-k-^v ap-@-tÈ-cn-sb-bpw
t]m-se A-Xn-Im-b-·mÀ I-¿m-fn-bn-cp-¶ hn-Zym-
`ym-k h-Ip-¸v kn.F-¨v ap-l-½-Zv tIm-b-sb-¶
CâÀ-ao-Un-b-äp-Im-c-sâ I-¿n F-¯n-bmÂ
Ip-c-§-sâ I-¿n ]q-am-e In-«n-b-Xp-t]m-se-bm-
hpw F-¶ ap³hn-[n-IÄ h-¶p, "R-§Ä-¡v
hn-Zym-`ym-k-ap-Å H-cp hn-Zym-`ym-ka-{´n-sb
-X-cq' F-¶ ]-cn-lm-kw Np-a-sc-gp-¯p-I-fpw
_m-\-dp-I-fp-am-bn tI-c-f-¯n-se I-em-e-b-§-
fn D-bÀ-¶p. B F-XnÀ-¸p-I-sf-bpw ]-cn-lm-
k-§-sf-bpw A-Øm-\-¯m-¡n-s¡m-@v sF-Xn-
lm- k n- I - a m- b ap- t ¶- ä w tI- c - f - ¯ n- s â
hn-Zym-`ym-k ta-J-e-bn sIm-@p-h-cm³ c-@p
hÀ-j-¡m-ewsIm-@pX-s¶ kn.F-¨n-\p km-[n-
¨p. ]-¯mw¢m-kp-h-sc- hn-Zym-`ym-kw k-¼qÀ-
W-am-bpw ku-P-\y-am-¡p-Ibpw, hn-Zym-`ym-k-]-
c-am-bn ]n-¶m-¡w \nÂ-¡p-¶ {]-tZ-i-§Ä
I-s@-¯m³ kÀ-th kw-L-§-sf A-Sn-b-´cm-
Sn-Øm-\-¯n \n-b-an-¡p-I-bpw sN-bv-X kn.F-
¨v Hm-tcm -]-©m-b-¯n-epw Hm-tcm bp.]n kv-IqÄ
F-¶ e-£yw sh-¨m-Wv {]-hÀ-¯-\ ]-²-Xn-IÄ
B-kq-{X-Ww sN-bv-X-Xv. {]m-Y-an-I hn-Zym-`ym-k
cw-K-s¯ k-aq-e-am-äw e-£ywsh¨v `-c-W-]-c-
am-b {i-a-§Ä Xp-S-cp-¶-Xn-t\m-sSm-¸w X-s¶
kÀ-h-I-em-im-e-bv-¡mbn ]-cn-{i-a-§-fpw Xp-SÀ-
¶p. H-Sp-hnÂ, 1967Â X-s¶-tIm-¯m-cn I-½o-j³
"\n-§Ä H-cp hÀ-jw ]-e-lm-c-ap-@m-
¡p-¶ ]-Ww F-\n-¡p X-cq, Rm³
\n-§Ä-¡v H-cp kÀ-h-I-em-im-e
]-I-cw X-cmw' F-¶-t±-lw B-hÀ-
¯n-¨m-h-iy-s¸-«-Xv h-S-t¡ a-e-_m-
dn-se ho-«-½-am-tcm-Sm-Wv. Im-en-¡-äv
kÀ-h-I-em-im-e-sb-¶ a-l-¯m-b
kz-]v-\-s¯, Po-hn-Xm-`n-em-j-s¯
km-[y-am-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-Å ]-¦m-fn-¯-
hpw ]n-´p-W-bp-am-Wv A-¶-t±-lw
b-YmÀ-°-¯n k-ap-Zm-b-t¯m-Sv
A-`yÀ-°n-¨-Xv. tI-c-f-¯n-se ap-
gp-h³ hn-Zym-`ym-k Øm-]-\-§-fp-
sS-bpw \n-b-{´-W-¯n-\pw \-S-¯n-
¸n-\p-am-bn tI-c-f k-h-I-em-im-e
am-{X-am-Wv A-¶v \n-e-hn-ep-@m-bn-
cp-¶-Xv. A-Xp-aq-ew {]-tbm-P-\w
e-`n-¨n-cp-¶-Xv Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-IqÀ, Xn-
cp-s¡m-¨n ta-J-e-I-fn-ep-Å hn-Zym-
`ym-k Øm-]-\-§Ä-¡pw P-\-§Ä-
¡pw am-{X-am-bn-cp-¶p.
6 Pq¬ 2020
dn-t¸mÀ-«v ap³-\nÀ-¯n kÀ-hI-em-im-e B-cw-
`n-¡p-¶-Xn\v a-{´n-k-`m Aw-Ko-Im-c-hpw [-\-Im-
cy h-Ip-¸n-sâ A-\p-a-Xn-bpw t\-Sn. Xp-SÀ-¶v
tI-{µ Aw-Ko-Im-c-hpw bp-Pn-kn A-\p-a-Xn-bpw
A-t±-lw ap³-]-´n-bn \n-¶p X-s¶ t\-Sn-
sb-Sp-¯p. tI-h-ew H-cp hÀ-j-¯n-\p-Ån 1968
Pq-sse 22 \v tI-c-f K-hÀWÀ HmÀ-Un-\³-kv
{]-Im-cw Im-en-¡-äv kÀ-h-I-em-im-e HutZymKn-
I-am-bn {]-Jym]n-¡-s¸-«p
"kÀ-h-I-em-im-e' F-¶m sI-«n-bp-bÀ-
¯n-b H-cp sI-«n-S-sa-¶m-bn-cp-¶n-Ã kn.F-¨n-sâ
k-¦Â-¸w. A-hn-sS G-tX-sX-Ãmw hn-j-b-§Ä
]Tn-¸n-¡-W-sa-¶pw G-sX-Ãmw ]T-\ h-Ip-¸p-
I-fn D-¶X - ]T-\ hn-`m-K§ - f
- p-@m-hW
- s
- a-¶pw
hy-à-am-b ]-²-Xn-I-tfm-sS-bm-Wv kn.F-¨v
Im-en-¡-äv kÀ-Æ-I-em-im-e-sb hn-`m-h-\w sN-
bv-X-Xv. a-Õy _-Ô-\w, J-\-\w, h-tbm-P-\
hn-Zym-`ym-kw Xp-S-§n-b- hnj-b-¯n sXm-gn-
e-[n-jvTn-X tIm-gv-kp-IÄ h-sc DÄ-s¡m-Åp-¶-
Xm-bn-cp-¶p kÀh-I-em-im-em ]m-t¡-Pv. tI-c-
f- ¯ n- s e A- e n- K - U v F- ¶ pw, apkv e nw
kÀh-I-em-im-e-sb-¶pw ]m-¡n-Øm³ kÀ-hI-
em-im-e-sb-¶pw F-XnÀtN-cn-bn-ep-Å-hÀ ]-cn-
lm-k-§-fp-am-sb-¯n-b-t¸m-gpw kn.F-¨v ]-X-dm-
sX ap-t¶m-«pt]m-bn. A-Xn-sâ ^-e-am-bm-Wv
F-Xn-cm-fn-I-fp-sS hm-Z-§-sf A-{]-k-à-am-¡n-
6 Pq¬ 2020
1962 Â kv-]o-¡À]-Z-hn cm-Pn-h-¨v
tIm-gn-t¡m-Sv \n-b-a k-`m a-Þ-e-
¯n \n-¶pw apkvenweo-Kv Fw.
]n-bm-bn Xn-c-sª-Sp-¡-s¸-«-ti-
j-ap-Å B-Zy k-`m-{]-kw-K-¯nÂ
X-s¶ A-t±-lw kÀ-h-I-em-im-
e-bv-¡m-bn B-h-iyw D-¶-bn-¨p.
Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn-\v C-\n-sbm-cp
bq-Wn-th-gv-kn-än Iq-Sn Xm-§m-\p-Å
km-¼-¯n-I ti-jn-bn-sÃ-¶ ]-\-¼n-
Ån tKm-hn-µ-ta-t\m-sâ-bpw a-äpw hm-
Z-§sf ap³-\nÀ-¯n, kn.F-¨n-sâ
B-h-iyw \n-c-kn-¡-s¸-«p. A-t¸m-gm-
Wv H-cp ]n-Sn-h-Ånt]m-se, tIm-¯m-
cn I-½o-j³ F-¶-dn-b-s¸-« tZ-io-b
hn-Zym-`ym-k I-½o-j³ dn-t¸mÀ-«nÂ
tI-c-f-¯n a-e-_mÀ {]-tZ-i-¯n-
\v H-cp kÀ-h-I-em-im-e Iq-Sn th-
@-Xp-s@-¶ \nÀ-tZi-ap-Å-Xm-bn
kn.F-¨v I-s@-¯p-¶-Xv.
s¡m-@v C-¶v cm-Pym-´-c \n-e-hm-c-ap-Å ]T-\
K-th-j-W ku-I-cy-§-tfm-sS \m-Sn-sâ b-i-Êp-
bÀ-¯n a-tX-X-c am-\-t¯m-sS X-s¶ kn F-¨n-
sâ kw`m-h-\-bmb Im-en-¡-äv kÀ-h-I-em-im-e
\n-e-sIm-Åp-¶-Xv
Im-en-¡-äv kÀ-h-I-em-im-em Øm-]-\w
t]m-se X-s¶, sF-Iy-tI-c-f cq-]o-I-c-W-¯n-\p
ti-jw D-@m-b a-äp aq-¶p kÀ-hI-em-im-e-I-
fp-sS cq-]o-I-c-W-¯n-epw kn.F-¨v \nÀWm-b-
I]-¦p h-ln-¨n-«p-@v. Xm-c-X-tay-\ hn-Zym-`ym-k
]p-tcm-K-Xn t\-Sn-bn-cp-¶ sIm-¨n tI-{µn-X-am-bn
cq-]o-I-cn-¡-s¸-« G-jy-bn-se X-s¶ B-Zy- im-
kv-{X km-t¦-Xn-IkÀ-h-I-em-im-e Ip-km-äv,
39
a-lm-ßm-Km-Ôn kÀ-h-I-em-im-e, a-e-¸p-d-s¯
ImÀ-jn-I kÀ-hI-em-im-e F-¶n-h-bm-W-h.
kÀ-h-I-em-im-e-IÄ am-{X-a-Ã B-bn-c-¡-W-¡n-
\v kv-Iq-fp-IÄ tI-c-fw ap-gp-h³ Øm-]n-¡-s¸-«p.
tIm-gn-t¡m-Sv K-h: tem tIm-f-Pv, tIm-gn-t¡m-Sv
do-P-WÂ F-©n-\o-b-dnw-Kv tIm-f-Pv, h-\n-Xm
t]m-fn-sS-Iv-\n-¡v, a-¼m-Sv Fw.C F-kv tIm-f-Pv,
sIm-Ãw Sn.sI Fw.tIm-f-Pv, F-S-¯-e AÂ-A-
ao³ tIm-f-Pv, sIm-Sp-§-ÃqÀ A-kv-am-_n tIm-f-
Pv, I-Ã-Sn tIm-f-Pv, kÀ. k-¿n-Zv tIm-f-Pv Xp-S-§n
H- « - t \- I w D- ¶ - X hn- Z ym- ` ym- k Øm- ] - \ -
§Ä, C-h-sbm-s¡ kn.F-¨n-sâ t\-Xr-Xz-¯n-
epw ]n-´p-W-bn-epw cq-]o-Ir-X-am-b hn-Zym-`ym-k
Øm-]-\-§-fm-Wv. tI-c-f-¯n-sâ ap-¡n-epw aq-
e-bn-epw A-dn-hn-sâ sh-fn-¨-sa-¯n-¡m³ kn.F-
¨v \-S-¯n-b A-{im-´ ]-cn-{i-a-§-fp-sS Iq-Sn
^-e-am-bm-Wv C-¶v tem-I-s¯-hn-sS-bpw A-dn-
hm-fn-I-fp-sS \m-Sm-bn Cu sIm-¨p tI-c-fw A-S-
bm-f-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv Im-kÀ-tIm-Un-\v "hn-Zym-\-KÀ '
F-¶pw X-e-tÈ-cn-¡v hn-Zym-]p-cn F-¶pw t]-cp
\Â-I-Ww F-¶m-{K-ln-¨ kn.F-¨v A-dn-hn-sâ
sX-fn-¨w X-s¶-bm-Wv \m-Sn-sâ sh-fn-¨w F-¶p-
d-¨p hn-iz-kn-¨p sIm-@m-Wv X-sâ IÀ-a]-²-Xn-
I-fp-am-bn ap-t¶m-«p \o-§n-b-Xv. c-@mwh-«w,
1969se a-{´n-k-`- sh-¨p-\o-«nb ap-Jy-a-{´n ]-Zw
k-a-b-am-bn-sÃ-¶v ]dªv B-Z-c-]qÀ-hw \n-c-
kn-¨ kn.F-¨v c-@mw L-«-¯n-epw hn-Zym-`ym-k
h-Ip-¸v Xn-c-sª-Sp-¡p-Ibm-bn-cp-¶p. F¶mÂ
`-c-W {]-Xn-]-£ I-£n-IÄ-t¡m P-\-§Ä-t¡m
kn.-F-¨nsâ hnZym`ym-k-a-{´n-]-Zhn A¯-hW
B-i-¦-IÄ¡v Imc-W-am-bn-Ã. h-f-sc X-¿m-sd-
Sp-¸p-I-tfm-Spw B-kq-{X-W-t¯m-Spw Iq-Sn kn.F-
¨v X-¿m-dm-¡p-¶ [-\m-`yÀ-°-\ NÀ-¨-IÄ
F-XnÀ-t¸m th-s«-Sp-t¸m Iq-Sm-sX ]m-km-¡p-I
]-Xn-hm-bn-cp-¶p. tI-c-f-¯n-sâ \n-b-a-k-`m N-cn-
{X-¯n-se X-s¶ A-]qÀ-h k-µÀ-`-§-fm-W-h.
hn-Zym-`ym-k-]-c-am-bn ]n-¶m-¡w \nÂ-¡p-¶
{]-tZ-i-§Ä-¡v kv-s]-jy ]m-t¡-Pp-IÄ,
apkvenw k-ap-Zm-b-¯n-se s]¬Ip-«n-IÄ-¡v ]
T-\- kv-tIm-fÀ-jn-¸p-IÄ, Z-cn-{Z-cm-b am-Xm-]n-Xm-
¡-fp-sS Ip-«n-IÄ-¡p- kv-tIm-fÀ-jn-¸p-IÄ, kz-
Im-cy ]-¦m-fn-¯- hn-Zym-`ym-k Øm-]-\-§Ä-
¡p- t{]m-Õm-l-\w, F-\n-§-s\ "B-\p-Iq-ey-
§-fn-eq-sS-bpw t{]m-Õm-l-\-§-fn-eq-sS-bpw tI-
c-f-s¯ hn-Zym-k-¼¶ P-\-X-bm-¡n am-äm-\p-Å
{i-a-§-fm-Wv A-t±-lw \-S-¯n-b-Xv. tI-c-fw
G-ä-hpw h-en-b hn-Zym-`ym-k-¡p-Xn-¸v t\-Sm³
Im-c-W-am-bn-¯oÀ-¶ kn.F-¨nsâ hn-Zym-`ym-k
]-cn-jv-Im-c-§Ä cm-Pym-´-c X-e-¯n t]m-epw
{i-t²-b-am-b-tXm-sS ]-e hn-tZ-i kÀ-hI-em-im-
e-I-fpw kn.F-¨n-s\ A-hn-tS-¡v £-Wn-¡p-I-bpw
kn.F-¨v A-hn-S-§-fn sN-¶v -X-sâ ]-²-Xn-I-
sf-¡p-dn-¨v {]u-V-am-b {]-_-Ô-§Ä A-h-X-cn-
¸n-¡p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. A-§-s\ ]qÀ-ham-Xr-I-
I-fn-Ãm-Xn-cp-¶, B C-âÀ-ao-Un-b-äp-Im-c³ X-sâ
hm-b-\-bn-eq-sS-bpw k-¦Â-¸ ti-jn-bn-eq-sS-bpw
B-ßmÀ-¸-W-¯n-eq-sS-bpw tem-I-¯n-\p X-s¶
am-Xr-I-bm-bn
40
`m-jm ]T-\ ta-J-e-bn kn.F-¨n-sâ
kw-`m-h-\
A-d-_n, DÀ-Zp, kw-kv-Ir-Xw, a-e-bm-fw `m-j-
I-fp-sS kw-c-£-W-¯n {]-tXy-I Pm-{K-X-tbm-
sS Nne C-S-s]-S-ep-IÄ kn.F-¨v \-S-¯p-I-bp-
@m-bn. A-Xn-te-ä-hpw {]-[m-\w A-d-_n `m-j-
bp-sS kmw-kv-Im-cn-I ]p-\-cp-°m-\-am-Wv. 1950
I-fn t]m-epw tI-c-f-¯n A-d-_v `m-jm ]
T-\ ku-I-cy-ap-Å H-cp ss{]-a-dn kv-IqÄ t]m-
ep-ap-@m-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. Np-cp-¡w Nn-e bp.]n kv-Iq-
fp-I-fn am-{X-ta H-cp A-d-_n A-[ym-]-I-s\-
¦n-epw D-@m-bn-cp-¶p-Åq. Cu-sbm-cp Ip-d-hv
h-en-sbm-cp hn-`m-Kw apkvenw hn-ZymÀ-°n-I-sf
hn-Zym-`ym-k ta-J-e-bn \n-¶v A-Iäm³ C-S-
bm-¡n-bn-cp-¶p F-¶p Xn-cn-¨-dn-ª kn F-¨v
1957 Â C.Fw F-kv a-{´n-k-` A-[n-Im-c-ta-ä-
t¸mÄ ^-e-¡n ap-l-½-Zv au-e-hn-bp-sS-bpw I-cp-
h-Ån ap-l-½-Zv au-e-hn-bp-sS-bpw t\-Xr-Xz-¯nÂ
H-cp \n-th-Z-\w k-aÀ-¸n-¨p. Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-IqÀ
am-Xr-I-bn a-e-_m-dn-epw A-d-_v `m-jm]T-\-
¯n-\pw A-[ym-]-I \n-b-a-\-¯n-\pw ku-I-cy-
sam-cp-¡-Ww F-¶m-bn-cp-¶p \n-th-Z-\-¯n-ep-
¶-bn-¡-s¸-« B-h-iyw. B \n-th-Z-\w ^-ew-I
@p.1958se tI-c-f hn-Zym-`ym-k \n-b-aw-\q-dp
hn-ZymÀ-°n-I-fp-Å H-cp kv-Iq-fn H-c-d-_n X-kv-
Xn-I B-hmw F-¶pw ]-Xn-\-©v ]o-cn-b-Uv D-@m-
bm A-sXm-cp ap-gp-h³ k-a-b A-[ym-]-I
X-kv-Xn-I-bm-bn ]-cn-K-Wn-¡mw F-¶pw hy-h-Ø
sN-bvXp. F-¶m Nn-{X-I-em, \r-¯w, kw-Ko-
Xw, Im-bn-I hn-Zym-`ym-kw, I-c-Iu-i-ew F-¶n-
F-XnÀ-¸p-I-sf-bpw ]-cn-lm-k-§-
sf-bpw A-Øm-\-¯m-¡n-s¡m-@v
sF-Xn-lm-kn-I-am-b ap-t¶-äw tI-c-
f-¯n-sâ hn-Zym-`ym-k ta-J-e-bnÂ
sIm-@p-h-cm³ c-@p hÀ-j-¡m-ew-
sIm-@pX-s¶ kn.F-¨n-\p km-[n-
¨p. ]-¯mw¢m-kp-h-sc- hn-Zym-`ym-kw
k-¼qÀ-W-am-bpw ku-P-\y-am-¡p-
Ibpw, hn-Zym-`ym-k-]-c-am-bn
]n-¶m-¡w \nÂ-¡p-¶ {]-tZ-i-§Ä
I-s@-¯m³ kÀ-th kw-L-§-sf
A-Sn-b-´cm-Sn-Øm-\-¯n \n-b-an-
¡p-I-bpw sN-bv-X kn.F-¨v Hm-tcm
-]-©m-b-¯n-epw Hm-tcm bp.
]n kv-IqÄ F-¶ e-£yw sh-¨m-Wv
{]-hÀ-¯-\ ]-²-Xn-IÄ B-kq-{X-
Ww sN-bv-X-Xv. {]m-Y-an-I hn-Zym-`ym-k
cw-K-s¯ k-aq-e-am-äw e-£ywsh¨v
`-c-W-]-c-am-b {i-a-§Ä Xp-S-cp-¶-Xn-
t\m-sSm-¸w X-s¶ kÀ-h-I-em-im-e-
bv-¡mbn ]-cn-{i-a-§-fpw Xp-SÀ-¶p.
6 Pq¬ 2020
h-bp-Å -kv-s]-jy--en-Ìv A-[ym-]-I-cp-sS K-W-
¯n- e m- W v A- d - _ n- ` m- j m- [ ym- ] - I - s c B
D-¯-c-hv ]-cn-K-Wn-¨n-cp-¶-Xv. A-XpsIm-@pX- a-Õy _-Ô-\w, J-\-\w, h-tbm-P-\
s¶ ^-@n-sâ e-`y-X-¡p-d-hv Im-Wn-¨v kv-Iq-fp- hn-Zym-`ym-kw Xp-S-§n-b- hnj-b-
IÄ X-kv-Xn-I \n-c-kn-¡p-¶ A-h-Ø-bm-Wp- ¯n sXm-gn-e-[n-jvTn-X tIm-gv-kp-
@m-b-Xv. ]-¯p hÀ-j-t¯m-fw B Zp-Øn-Xn IÄ h-sc DÄ-s¡m-Åp-¶-Xm-bn-
Xp-SÀ-¶p. kn.F-¨v 1967Â hn-Zym-`ym-k a-{´n- cp-¶p kÀh-I-em-im-em ]m-t¡-Pv.
bm-b-tXm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv B hn-j-b-¯n im-
iz-X ]-cn-lm-c-ap-@m-b-Xv. `-c-W-¨p-a-X-e G-ä tI-c-f-¯n-se A-en-K-Uv F-¶pw,
D-S³ A-d-_n A-[ym-]-I-sc kv-s]-j-en-Ìv apkvenw kÀh-I-em-im-e-sb-¶pw
A-[ym-]-I-cn \n-¶pw `m-jm A-[ym-]-I-cm-¡n ]m-¡n-Øm³ kÀ-hI-em-im-e-
am-än-s¡m-@p-Å D-¯-c-hv [Fw.F-kv 365/67, sb-¶pw F-XnÀtN-cn-bn-ep-Å-hÀ
hn-Zym-`ym-kw, Xo-b-Xn 18/8/1967] C-d-¡n. H-¸w ]-cn-lm-k-§-fp-am-sb-¯n-b-t¸m-gpw
\q-dp Ip-«n-IÄ-¡v H-c-[ym-]-I³ F-¶ hy-h-Ø kn.F-¨v ]-X-dm-sX ap-t¶m-«p
28 Ip-«n-IÄ-¡v H-c-[ym-]-I³ F-¶ \n-e-bn-te- t]m-bn. A-Xn-sâ ^-e-am-bm-Wv
¡v t`-Z-K-Xn sNbvXp. A-Xn-\m-h-iy-am-b ^- F-Xn-cm-fn-I-fp-sS hm-Z-§-sf A-{]-
@pw B-Zy _-P-än X-s¶ A-\p-h-Zn-¨p. 1967
 X-s¶ B-bn-cw A-d-_n A-[ym-]-I X-kv-Xn- k-à-am-¡n-s¡m-@v C-¶v cm-Pym-
I-IÄ A-§-s\ kr-ãn-¡-s¸-«p. A-d-_n `m-jm ´-c \n-e-hm-c-ap-Å ]T-\ K-th-j-W
]T-\ ku-I-cyw F-¶ B-IÀ-j-Ww hn-Zym-`ym- ku-I-cy-§-tfm-sS \m-Sn-sâ b-i-
k-¯n \n-¶v ]n³-Xn-cn-ªp\n-¶ C-S-§-fnse Êp-bÀ-¯n a-tX-X-c am-\-t¯m-sS
Ip-«n-I-sf Iq-Sp-X-em-bn hn-Zym-e-b-§-fn-te-s¡- X-s¶ kn F-¨n-sâ kw`m-h-\-bmb
¯n-¨p, h-f-sc-s¸-s«-¶v tI-c-f-¯n B-sI Im-en-¡-äv kÀ-h-I-em-im-e \n-e-sIm-
]-´o-cm-bn-c-t¯m-fw A-d-_n `m-jm X-kv-Xn-I- Åp-¶-Xv
IÄ kr-ãn-¡-s¸-«p. A-d-_n-Iv kv-s]-j Hm-
^o-k-dpw apkvenw F-Pyq-t¡-j³ C³-kv-s]-
I-S-dpw \n-b-an-¡-s¸-«-tXm-sS h-f-sc Im-cy-£-a
am-bn B ta-J-e ap-t¶m-«p \o-§n-b-tXm-Sp Iq- am-Xr-`m-j-bm-b a-e-bm-f-¯n-sâ t]m-j-W-
Sn "Ip-S \-¶m-¡n \-S-¶-h-sc kn.F-¨v A-d-_n ¯n-epw A-t±-l-¯n-sâ k-hn-ti-j {i-² ]-Xn-
ap³-jn-am-cm-¡n' F-¶v ]-cn-l-kn-¨-hÀ t]m-epw ªn-cp-¶p. B e-£yw ap-¶n I-@v cq-]o-I-
A-d-_n `m-jm-[ym-]-\w an-I-¨ sXm-gn km- cn- ¡ - s ¸- « tI- c - f `m- j m C³- Ì n- ä yq- « n- s â
[y-X-bp-Å C-S-am-sW-¶p a-\-Ên-em-¡p-I-bp- h-fÀ-¨-bv-¡pw D-Û-h-¯n-\pw Im-c-W-`q-X-\m-b
@m-bn. C-X-c a-X hn-`m-K-§-fn \n-¶pw H-t«- {]-[m-\ hy-àn-bpw kn.F-¨m-bn-cp-¶p. tI-c-f
sd-t¸À A-d-_n `m-jm ]T-\-¯n-te-¡p I-S-¶p `m-jm C³-Ìn-äyq-«v `-c-W-k-an-Xn-bp-sS A-²y-
h-¶-Xv Cu am-ä-¯n-sâ sX-fn-hm-bn-cp-¶p. £-\m-bpw D-]m-²y-£-\m-bpw G-sd-¡m-ew C³-
{]o-Un-{Kn, Un-{Kn ¢m-kp-I-fn c-@mw`m-j- Ìn-äyq-«n-s\ \-bn-¨-Xpw -kn.F-¨v B-bn-cp-¶p.
bm-bpw Fw.F K-th-j-W-X-e-§-fn ap-Jy-hn- `m-jm ]T-\-t¯m-sSm-¸w N-cn-{X ]T-\-¯n-epw
j-b-am-bpw A-d-_n Xn-c-sª-Sp-¡m-³ \-S-]-Sn- im-kv-{X km-t¦-Xn-I ]T-\-¯n-epw tI-c-f-s¯
I-fpw kn.F-¨n-sâ t\-Xr-Xz-¯n D-@m-b-tXm
-SpIq-Sn a-e-bm-f-hpw Cw-¥o-jpw ln-µn-bpw kw-
PÌnkv tIm¯mcn
kv-Ir-X-hpw t]m-se s]m-Xp kzo-Im-cy-X-bp-Å
`m-j-bm-bpw ]T-\ am-[y-a-am-bpw A-d-_n ]-cn-
K-Wn-¡-s¸-«p.
C-¶v tI-c-f-¯n-se F-Ãm kÀ-hI-em-im-e-
I-fn-epw A-d-_n `m-j-bn-epw Ckvem-an-I N-cn-
{X-¯n-epw C-kvem-an-I ]T-\-§-fn-epw _n-cp-Z
_n-cp-Zm-\-´-c K-th-j-W h-Ip-¸p-I-fp-@v. A-h-
bn ]T-\w \-S-¯p-¶-Xv \m-\m-Pm-Xn a-X-Ø-
cm-b hn-ZymÀ-°n-I-fm-Wv. A-d-_n ]T-\-¯n-\v
hn-]p-e ku-I-cy-§-fp-Å G-I kw-Øm-\-am-bn
C-¶v tI-c-fw am-dn-b-Xn-\p ]n-¶n "a-X-tam-
`m-j-tbm Nn-´m-[m-c-tbm H-¶pw k-ap-Zm-b
kz-¯-Ãm-sb-¶pw s]m-Xp-[m-c-tbm-Sn-W-¡n-t¨À-
¡-s¸-Sp-t¼m-gm-Wv A-Xv kw-kv-Im-ct]m-j-W-
¯n-\pw k-ap-Zm-b]p-tcm-K-Xn-¡pw H-cp-t]m-se
D-]-I-cn-¡q F-¶pw' a-\-Ên-em-¡n-b kn.F-¨n-
sâ hn-im-e-Nn-´-bp-sS-bpw I-cp-X-tem-sS-bp-Å
{]-hÀ-¯-\-§-fp-sS-bpw Iq-Sn ^-e-am-bm-Wv
6 Pq¬ 2020
41
D-WÀ-thm-sS- ap-t¶m-«p \-bn-¨ kn.F-¨v b-YmÀ-
°-¯n tI-c-f-¯n-sâ hn-Zym-`ym-k- \-thm-°m-
\-¯n-sâ kq-{X-[m-c³ X-s¶-bm-bn-cp-¶p
hn-ZymÀ-°n {]-Øm-\-§-fp-sS ]-¦m-fn-
¯-¯n-\v \Â-In-b {]m-[m-\yw
X-§Ä-¡pth-@n kw-hn-[m-\w sN-¿-s¸-Sp-¶
hn-Zym-`ym-k ]-²-Xn-I-fp-sS cq-]o-I-c-W-¯n-epw
\-S-¯n-¸n-epw hn-ZymÀ-°n {]-Øm-\-§Ä-¡p
Iq-Sn ]-¦m-fn-¯-ap-@m-bn-cn-¡-Ww F-¶ hn-im-
e-ho-£-W-am-Wv kn.F-¨n-\p-@m-bn-cp-¶-Xv. kÀ-
hI-em-im-em k-an-Xn-I-fn (sk-\-äv, kn³-Un-
t¡-äv, A-¡m-Z-an-Iv Iu¬-kn DÄ-s¸-sS-
bp-Å-h-bnÂ) hn-ZymÀ-°n-IÄ-¡pIq-Sn {]m-Xn-
\n-[yw \Â-In-b-Xp kn.F-¨n-sâ \nÀ-tZ-i -{]-Im-
c-am-bn-cp-¶p. A-sXm-¶pw a-tä-sX-¦n-epw C-S-§-
sf A-\p-I-cn-¨m-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. A-t±-l-¯n-sâ
A-dn-hpw `m-h-\m-ti-jn-bp-am-Wv A-¯-cw B-i-
b-§Ä-¡p ]n-¶n {]-hÀ-¯n-¨-Xv. hn-ZymÀ-°n
cm- { ão- b - ¯ n- s â {]- k - à n Aw- K o- I - c n- ¡ p-
t¼mÄt]m-epw A-Xn-sâ `m-K-am-bp-Å i-cn
tI-Sp-I-sf hn-aÀ-in-¡m³ kn.F-¨v a-Sn-¨n-cp-¶n-Ã.
hn-ZymÀ-°n k-a-c-§-fp-sS `m-K-am-bn s]m-Xp-ap-
X \-in-¸n-¡-s¸-Sp-¶ k-µÀ-`-§Ä hn-ZymÀ-°n
{]-Øm-\-§-fn \n-¶v D-@m-b-t¸mÄ "B-äw
i-àn-bp-]-tbm-Kn-¨v Xo-h-@n-sb-§-s\ Hm-Sn-¡m-
sa-¶p Nn-´n-t¡-@-h-cm-Wv hn-ZymÀ-°n-IÄ.
A-hÀ _-kv I-@-Î-dp-sS X-e-bp-sS D-d-¸p ]-cn-
tim-[n-¡m³ ]p-d-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv \o-Xn-I-cn-¡m-hp-¶-
X-Ã' F-¶pw i-à-am-bn A-¯-cw {]-h-W-X-I-sf
A-t±-lw F-XnÀ-¯n-cp-¶p.
kn F-¨n-sâ kw-h-c-W
C-S-s]-S-ep-I-fp-sS {]-k-àn
hn-Zym-`ym-kw hy-àn ]p-tcm-K-Xn-¡pw km-aq-
ly ]p-tcm-K-Xn-¡pw B-[m-c-am-hp-I A-Xp-h-gn
{]m-]v-X-am-hp-¶ sXm-gn e-`y-X Iq-Sn-s¡m-@m-
Wv. A-h-bn X-s¶ km-aq-ly A-´-Ên-sâ
A-S-bm-f-sa-¶p Iq-Sn-K-Wn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶ H-¶m-Wv
kÀ- ¡ mÀ kÀ- h o- k n- s e sXm- g n A- h - k -
cw.1960IÄ h-sc kÀ-¡mÀ kÀ-ho-knÂ, `-c-W
kn-cm tI-{µ-am-b sk-{I-«-dn-tb-än t]m-epw
`q-cn-`m-Kw D-tZym-K-Ø-cpw {_m-Ò-W,\m-bÀ hn-
`m-K-§-fn \n-¶p-Å-hÀ am-{X-am-bn-cp-¶p.
`-c-W-L-S-\m-\p-kr-X-am-b kw-h-c-W hy-h-Ø
A-¡m-e-t¯-¡v \n-e-hn h-¶n-cp-¶p F-¦n-epw,
tbm-Ky-cm-b DtZymKmÀ-°n-IÄ C-Ã F-¶v hn-
e-bn-cp-¯n, ]-«n-I-Pm-Xn, ]-«n-I-hÀ-¤, ]n-¶m-¡,
Z-fn-Xv ss{I-kv-X-h hn-`m-K-§Ä-¡v e-`n-t¡-@n-
bn-cp-¶ H-gn-hp-I-fn-te-¡pw Iq-Sn-k-hÀ-® hn-`m-
K-§-fn \n-¶p-Å D-tZym-KmÀ-°n-I-sf-¯-s¶
\n-b-an-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p ]-Xn-hv. 1960 Â sk-
{I-t«-dn-tb-äv, ]n.F-kv.kn tem-¡Â ^-@v Hm-
Un-äv Un-¸mÀ-«v-sa³-dv, Xp-S-§n-b-h-bn-te-¡p-Å
A-kn-̳-dp-am-cp-sS dm-¦v ]-«n-I, {]-kn-²o-I-cn-
¨-t¸mÄ / ap-kvenw / ]-«n-I-Pm-Xn/]-«n-I-hÀ-¤
]n-¶m-¡-¡m-cp-sS Ip-d-hv Nq-@n-¡m-«n , a-Xn-bm-b
F-®w ]n-¶m-¡ hn-`m-Kw D-tZymKmÀ-°n-IÄ
42
Im-en-¡-äv kÀ-h-I-em-im-em Øm-]-
\w t]m-se X-s¶, sF-Iy-tI-c-f cq-
]o-I-c-W-¯n-\p ti-jw D-@m-b a-äp
aq-¶p kÀ-hI-em-im-e-I-fp-sS
cq-]o-I-c-W-¯n-epw kn.F-¨v
\nÀWm-b-I]-¦p h-ln-¨n-«p-@v.
Xm-c-X-tay-\ hn-Zym-`ym-k ]p-tcm-K-Xn
t\-Sn-bn-cp-¶ sIm-¨n tI-{µn-X-am-bn
cq-]o-I-cn-¡-s¸-« G-jy-bn-se X-s¶
B-Zy- im-kv-{X km-t¦-Xn-IkÀ-h-I-
em-im-e Ip-km-äv, a-lm-ßm-Km-Ôn
kÀ-h-I-em-im-e, a-e-¸p-d-s¯ ImÀ-
jn-I kÀ-hI-em-im-e F-¶n-h-bm-
W-h. kÀ-h-I-em-im-e-IÄ am-{X-a-Ã
B-bn-c-¡-W-¡n-\v kv-Iq-fp-IÄ
tI-c-fw ap-gp-h³ Øm-]n-¡-s¸-«p.
ta hn-`m-K-§-fn \n-¶v sa-bn³ en-ÌnÂ
e-`y-a-sÃ-¦n ]-I-cw k-hÀ-® hn-`m-K-§-sf
F-Sp-¡-e-Ã h-gn-sb-¶pw, kv-s]-jÂ/k-¹n-
sa³-d-dn ]-co-£-bm-Wv \-S-t¯-@-sX-¶pw
\n-th-Z-\-¯n-eq-sS kn.F-¨v ap-l-½-Zv tIm-b
B-h-iy-s¸-«p.]-«w Xm-Wp-]n-Å ap-Jy-a-{´n-bm-
bn-cn-s¡ kn.F-¨n-sâ B-h-iyw K-hÀ-®À
Aw- K o- I - c n- ¡ p- I - b pw1961 sa- b v c- @ n- \ v ap-
kvenwIÄ DÄ-s¸-sS-bp-Å ]n-¶m-¡ hn-`m-K-
§Ä-¡m-bn tI-c-f N-cn-{X-¯n-em-Zy-am-bn, psc
EX[A] 13110 /61 \-¼-cm-bn hn-Úm-]-\w ]p-d-
s¸-Sp-hn-¨v 1961 Pq-sse 15\v ]-co-£ \-S-¯n,
dm-¦v ]-«n-I X-¿m-dm-¡n. C-tX X-c-¯n 1962
 H-tÎm-_À 23 se Pn.H (MS565/62 PD) D-¯-
c-hv {]-Im-cw KS& SSR se 17-þmw h-Ip-¸n-sâ Iq-sS
17 (A) F-¶ hy-h-Ø Iq-Sn tNÀ-¯v ]-«n-I-Pm-
Xn/]-«n-I-hÀ-¤-§Ä-¡m-bp-Å B-Zy-kv-s]-jÂ
dn-{Iq-«v-sa³-dpw \-S-¶p.kn.F-¨n-sâ \o-Xn-]qÀ-
h-I-am-b C-S-s]-SÂ \n-an-¯w kÀ-¡mÀ kÀ-ho-
kn {]-th-in-¡m³ e-£-¡-W-¡m-b DtZym-
KmÀ-°n-IÄ-¡v B D-¯-c-hv \-S-¸n-em-¡-s¸-
«-Xn-\p ti-jw A-h-k-c-sam-cp-¡-s¸-«p. A-Xn-
¶pw km-aq-ly-\o-Xn-bp-sS Xp-ey hn-X-cW-s¯
D-d-¸p h-cp-¯n-s¡m-@p Xp-S-cp-¶p.
A-Sn-Øm-\ P-\-X-bp-sS hn-Zym-`ym-k ]-c-hpw
km-aq-ly-hp-am-b ap-t¶-ä-s¯ ap³-\nÀ-¯n
{]-hÀ-¯n-¨ kn.F-¨v A-tX e-£y-km-[y-¯n-
\p th-@n `-c-W-L-S-\-bn ap-t¶m-«p-h-bv-
¡-s¸-« km-ap-Zm-bn-I kw-h-c-W-¯n-sâ \o-Xn-
]qÀ-h-am-b \-S-¸n-em-¡-en-\v ]n-´p-W \Â-Ip-
I-bpw, A-Xn-s\-Xn-cm-b \o-¡-§-sf A-Xn-i-à-
am-bn sN-dp-¡-bpw sN-bv-Xp. C Fw F-kv A-²y-
£-\m-bp-Å {]-Y-a `-c-W ]-cn-jv-Im-c k-an-Xn
dn-t¸mÀ-«v (1958) - km-ap-Zm-bn-I kw-h-c-W-¯n-\p
6 Pq¬ 2020
]-I-cw km-¼-¯n-I kw-h-c-W hm-Zw ap-t¶m-«v
sh¨-t¸mÄ dn-t¸mÀ-«n \n-¶v km-ap-Zm-bn-I
kw-h-c-W-¯n-s\-Xn-cm-b `m-Kw \o-¡w sN-¿-
W-sa-¶m-h-iy-s¸-«v kn.F-¨v A-Xn-i-à-am-bn
\n-b-a-k-`m {]-kw-K-¯n-eq-sS hm-Zn-¨p. `-c-W
]-cn-jv-Im-c k-an-Xn-bp-sS Im-cy-£-a-Xm hm-Z-
t¯-bpw km-¼-¯n-I kw-h-c-W \-b-s¯-bpw-
`-c-W-L-S-\m aq-ey-§Ä D-bÀ-¯n-¸n-Sn-¨p-Å
bp-àn-`-{Z-am-b hm-Z-§-fn-eq-sS J-Þn-¨ kn.F-
¨v Xm³ ]n-¶m-¡ \yq-\-]-£-§Ä DÄ-s¸-Sp-¶
A-Sn-Øm-\ k-aq-l-¯n-sâ ap-gp-h³ {]-Xn-\n-
[n-bm-bn-¯-s¶-bm-Wv \n-e-]m-Sp-IÄ ]-d-bp-¶-
sX-¶m-Wv N-cn-{X {]-[m-\-am-b -{]-kw-K-¯n-\m-
ap-J-am-bn ]-d-ª-Xv.\n-b-a-k-`-bv-¡-I-¯pw
]p-d-¯pw ,Xp-SÀ-¶ {]-t£m-`-§-sf Xp-SÀ-¶m-
Wv km-ap-Zm-bn-I kw-h-c-W-¯n-s\-Xn-cm-b
A-¶-s¯ \o-¡w X-S-bm³ km-[n-¨-Xv
A-Sn-Øm-\ P-\-X-bp-sS \m-hm-bn F-¡m-e-
hpw {]-hÀ-¯n-¨ kn F-¨v A-dn-hn-s\ B-Z-cn-
¡p-¶-Xn Pm-Xn-a-X cm-{ão-b thÀ-Xn-cn-hp-I-
sfm- ¶ pw Im- W n- ¨ n- c p- ¶ n- Ã . hn- Z ym- ` ym- k
ta-J-e-bn k-hÀ-Wm-[n-]-Xyw sIm-Sn-Ip-¯n
hm-Wn-cp-¶ Im-e-¯v, \-c-hw-i-im-kv-{X-¯nÂ
tUm-Î-td-äp-Å {]-K-Û-\m-b tUm: A-¿-¸-s\,
Z-fn-X-\m-b A-¿-¸-s\ tI-c-f kÀ-h-I-em-im-em
ssh-kv Nm³-k-e-dm-bn \n-b-an-¨-Xv, tIm-gn-t¡m-
Sv kÀ-hI-em-im-em hn.kn-bm-bn tUm.ap-l-½-
Zv-K-\n-sb \n-b-an-¨ A-tX kn.F-¨m-Wv. sIm-
¨n³ bq-Wn-th-gv-kn-än-bp-sS hn.kn-bm-bn
kn.F-¨v I-s@-¯n-b-Xv ap³ hn-Zym-`ym-k a-{´n-
bpw I-½yq-Wn-Ìv Fw FÂ F bpw Iq-Sn-bm-
bn-cp-¶ s{]m.tPm-k-^v ap-@-tÈ-cn-sb-bm-Wv.
6 Pq¬ 2020
tI-c-fw G-ä-hpw h-en-b hn-Zym-`ym-
k-¡p-Xn-¸v t\-Sm³ Im-c-W-am-
bn-¯oÀ-¶ kn.F-¨nsâ hn-Zym-
`ym-k ]-cn-jv-Im-c-§Ä cm-Pym-´-c
X-e-¯n t]m-epw {i-t²-b-am-b-
tXm-sS ]-e hn-tZ-i kÀ-hI-em-im-
e-I-fpw kn.F-¨n-s\ A-hn-tS-¡v
£-Wn-¡p-I-bpw kn.F-¨v A-hn-
S-§-fn sN-¶v -X-sâ ]-²-Xn-
I-sf-¡p-dn-¨v {]u-V-am-b {]-_-
Ô-§Ä A-h-X-cn-¸n-¡p-I-bpw
sN-bv-Xp. A-§-s\ ]qÀ-ham-Xr-I-
I-fn-Ãm-Xn-cp-¶, B C-âÀ-ao-Un-b-
äp-Im-c³ X-sâ hm-b-\-bn-eq-sS-
bpw k-¦Â-¸ ti-jn-bn-eq-sS-bpw
B-ßmÀ-¸-W-¯n-eq-sS-bpw tem-I-
¯n-\p X-s¶ am-Xr-I-bm-bn.
A-dn-hpw B-ßm-`n-am-\-hpw D-Å P-\-X-bm-bn
tem-I-¯n-\v A-h-K-Wn-¡m-\m-hm-¯ ssh-Úm-
\n-I i-àn-bm-bn tI-c-f-s¯ ]-cn-hÀ-¯n-¸n-¡p-
¶-Xn G-ä-hpw ap³-]-´n-bn \n-¶ kn.F-¨v
ap-l-½-Zv tIm-b F-¶ [n-j-Wm-im-en-bp-sS
k-¦Â-¸ti-jn-¡pw B-kq-{X-W-an-I-hn-\pw `-c-
W ]m-S-h-¯n-\pw D-Å N-cn-{X-]-c-am-b ]-¦n-sâ
Np-cp-s¡-gp-¯p am-{X-am-Wn-Xv."ap-kveow-kv Hm-^v
tI-c-f' F-¶ K-th-j-W {K-Ù-¯n tUm:
sdm- W mÄ- U v C. an- Ã À ]- d - b p- ¶ p- @ v
"tI-c-f-¯n-se ap-kveow k-ap-Zm-b-¯n-sâ ]m
-c-¼-cy-s¯ B-[p-\n-I-X-tbm-Sp tNÀ-¯n-W-
¡n-b I-®n-bm-Wv kn.F-¨v ap-l-½-Zv tIm-b'
F-¶v. A-t±-lw hn-Zym-`ym-k hn-¹-h-¯n-eq-sS
Iq-«n-bn-W¡
- n-bX- v tem-I ssh-Úm-\n-IX - t- bm-Sv
tI-c-fm-[p-\n-I-X-sb-¡q-Sn-bm-Wv.
43
ap-l-½-Zv-dm-^n F³.hn t£{X-]q-P-bv¡mbn Xma-c-¸qhv Irjn sN¿p¶ Xncp-¶m-hm-b-bnse apkvenw sNdp-¸-¡mÀ

tIm -gn-t¡m-Sv kÀ-h-I-em-im-

e-bn \n-¶v Fw.F ]
T- \ w ]qÀ- ¯ n- b m- ¡ n
C-cp-]-¯n-aq-¶v h-b-Êv {]m-b-ap-Å-t¸m-gm-Wv
"a-e-¸p-d-s¯' H-cp A¬-F-bv-U-Uv hn-Zym-e-b-

t^mt«m: APo_v sImam¨n

¯n Rm³ tPm-en-s¡-¯p-¶-Xv. kÀ-¡mÀ
\Â-Ip-¶ A-tX i-¼-f-kv-sI-bn In-«p-¶p
F-¶-Xm-bn-cp-¶p {]-tIm-]-\w. Fw.C.F-kv \-S-
¯p-¶ Øm-]-\-am-sW-¦n-epw A-d-_n C-X-c
ap-kv-enw A-[ym-]-IÀ Rm-\-S-¡w ap-t¶m
\m-tem t]À am-{Xw! tIm-«pw ssS-bpw A-¨-S-¡-
hpw k-ln-¡m³ h-¿m-Xm-b-t¸mÄ a-äv tPm-en
In-«m-sX X-s¶ tIm-«q-cn {]n³-kn-¸mÄ k-Z-bv-
Ip-am-dn-s\ GÂ-¸n-¨p H-cp hÀ-j-¯n-\-Iw ]-Sn-
bn-d-§n. A-Sp-¯ hÀ-jw X-s¶ ¹-kv Sp A-[ym-
]- I - \ m- b n ho- @ pw tPm- e n In- « n, A- X pw
a-e-¸p-d-¯v! ¢m-kn-ep-Å A³-h-dn-\v F-s¶-
¡mÄ H-cp h-b-Êv Iq-Sp-X-ep-@v F-¶ c-l-kyw
H-cn-¡Â F-sâ sN-hn-bn A-h³ X-s¶ ]-d-
ªp. ]-d-ªp h-¶-Xv a-e-¸p-d-s¯-¸-än-bm-Wv.
A-hn-Sp-s¯ a-\p-jy-sc-¸-än-bm-Wv. A-]-c-hÂ-
¡-c-W-¯n-sâ-bpw hw-io-b hn-cp-²-X-bp-sS-bpw
`m-j-bn a-e-¸p-d-s¯-¸-än ta-\-I-m-Km-Ôn A-S-
¡-ap-Å-hÀ Szo-äv sN-¿p-t¼mÄ Hu-tZym-Kn-I
Po-hn-X-¯n G-Xm-@v ap-gp-h³ Im-e-hpw A-hn-

B\-bnÂ\n¶v
ae-¸p-d-t¯¡v
]me-¡mSv PnÃ-bn KÀ`n-Wn-bmb
B-\ Ncnª kw-`-h-¯n ta\-I-m
KmÔn DÄs¸sS _n.-sP.]n tZio-b-t\-
Xm-¡Ä a-e-¸p-dw Pn-Ã-sb ap³-\nÀ-¯n
hw-io-b/hÀKob hn-tZz-j {]-NmcWw
Agn-¨p-hn-Sp-I-bm-Wv. A-]-c-hÂ-¡-
c-W-¯n-sâ-bpw hw-io-b hn-tZzj-
¯nsâ-bpw `m-j-bn a-e-¸p-dw Pn-
Ã- \nc-´cw B-{I-an-¡s¸-Sp-¶-Xnsâ
Imc-W-§-fn-te¡v hncÂNq-@p-I-
bmWv ae-bmfw kÀh-I-em-imem
A[ym-]-I\pw Fgp-¯p-I-mc-\p-amb
teJ-I³.

44 6 Pq¬ 2020 6 Pq¬ 2020

45

ap-l-½-Zv-dm-^n F³.hn
sS tPm-en sN-t¿-@n-h-¶ hy-àn F-¶ \n-e-¡p
X-s¶-bm-Wv C-Xv ]-d-bp-¶-Xv.(K-h: kÀ-ho-knÂ
{Sm³-kv-^À h-gn Ip-d-¨p-Im-ew kz-tZ-i-am-b
tIm-gn-t¡m-tS-¡v sX-dn-s¨-¦n-epw a-e-¸p-dw ho-
@pw kÀ-h-I-em-im-e-bp-sS cq-]-¯n ]n³-hn-fn
hn-fn-¨p). a-Xm-Nm-c-§Ä (\-a-kv-Im-cw, {h-Xw,
Xp-S-§n-b-h, k-¡m-¯v t]m-ep-Å-h Rm³
\nÀ-h-ln-¡m-dp-@v )]p-eÀ-¯m-¯, ]-S-t¨m-s\
t]-Sn-bn-Ãm-¯ ap-kv-en-am-b F-s¶ A-Xn-sâ
t]-cn a-e-¸p-dw H-«pw tNm-Zyw sN-bv-Xn-«n-Ã.
F-S-¸m-fn tPm-en sN-¿p-¶ Im-e-¯v {h-X-sa-
Sp-¡m-sX ]-c-ky-am-bn tlm-«-en I-b-dn D-¨-`-
£-Ww I-gn-¡p-¶p F-¶ ]-cm-Xn D-@m-b-t¸mÄ
kv-IqÄ am-t\-PÀ ]-d-ª-Xv A-¡m-cy-¯nÂ
C-S-s]-Sm³ ]-än-Ã, A-bm-sf e-Iv-Nd-- À B-bm-Wv,
]-Ån-bn-se ap-{In B-bn-«-Ã \n-b-an-¨-Xv F-¶m-
Wv.
a-e-¸p-dw F-Ãmw Xn-I-ª \-· a-c-am-Wv
F-s¶m-¶p-a-Ã Øm-]n-¡m³ {i-an-¡p-¶-Xv.
]p-d-sa \n-¶p-Å hn-e-bn-cp-¯-ep-I-fpw ap³-hn-
[n-I-fpw F-{X-am-{Xw i-cn-bm-Wv F-¶ B-tem-
N-\-bm-Wv.
Hm-dn-bâ Nn-´-bp-sS hn-aÀ-i-I-\m-b F-Uz-
46
Uv sk-bv-Zv an-Un Cu-Ìn-s\-¸-än-bp-Å ap³-
hn-[n-IÄ s]m-Xp-t_m-[-¯n cq-]-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶
km-ln-Xy kn-\n-am I-em hn-jv-Im-c-§-sf-¸-än-
bpw Nn-´-I-sf ¸-än-bpw ]-d-bp-¶p-@v. sk-bv-Zn-
sâ ho-£-W-¯n "In-g-¡v' (The Orient) ]-Sn-
ªm-dn-sâ H-cp \nÀ-an-Xn-bm-Wv. X-§-fp-sS
H-c-]-c (Other) kz-Xz-am-bn ]-Sn-ªm-d³ Hm-dn-
bâ-en-Ìp-IÄ "In-g-¡n's\ cq-]-s¸-Sp-¯p-I-bm-
bn-cp-¶p. X-§Ä-¡v A-[o-\-s¸-Sp-¯p-I-bpw
\n-b-{´n-¡p-I-bpw cq-]-s¸-Sp-¯p-I-bpw sN-¿m-
\p-Å H-cp hn-t[-b kz-Xzw F-¶ \n-e-bn-em-Wv
In-g-¡n-s\ A-hÀ I-@-Xv. "In-g-¡v', "]-Sn-ªm-
dv' F-¶o hn-cp-² Zz-µz-§-sf kr-ãn-¨ ti-jw
In-g-¡n-s\ "A-hÀ' B-bpw ]-Sn-ªm-dn-s\ "\-
½Ä' B-bpw Hm-dn-bâ-en-kw Øm-]n-¨p. A-h-
tc(In-g-¡v)¡mÄ tbm-Ky-cm-Wv \-½Ä (]-Sn-
ªm-dv) F-¶p kn-²m-´n-¡p-¶-Xn-\v C-§-s\
c-@v hn-cp-²m-kv-Xn-Xz-§-sf B-Zy-ta Øm-
]n-t¡-@-Xp-@m-bn-cp-¶p. C-§-s\ ku-I-cy-
]qÀ-hw kr-ãn-¡-s¸-« A-kv-Xn-Xz-am-Wv "In-g-¡v'
F-¶ A-]-cw. Xp-SÀ-¶v ]-Sn-ªm-dn-sâ hn-]-co-
X-am-bn In-g-¡n-s\ A-S-bm-f-s¸-Sp-¯n. ]m-Ým-
Xy³ am-\y-\pw bp-àn-t_m-[-ap-Å-h-\pw ]-cn-
jv-Ir-X-\p-am-sW-¦n ]u-c-kv-Xy³ C-h-bp-
sS-sb-Ãmw hn-]-co-X-am-b sIm-Å-cp-Xm-¯-h-
\pw A-Ô-hn-izm-kn-bpw A-]-cn-jv-Ir-X-\p-am-Wv!
A-]-cn-jv-Ir-X-s\ ]-cn-jv-I-cn-t¡-@ Np-a-X-e
kzm-`m-hn-I-am-bpw ]-cn-jv-Ir-X-sâ Np-a-en-em-Wv.
]-cn-jv-I-cn-¡-W-sa-¦n \n-b-{´-Wm-[n-Im-cw
th-Ww. C-Xm-Wv sIm-tfm-Wn-b A-[n-\n-th-
i-¯n-sâ bp-àn. sh-Å-¡m-c³ Xym-K-a-\-tÊm-
sS Np-a-en-te-än-b "`m-c'am-Wv B-{^n-¡-¡m-sc-
a-e-¸p-d-s¯ "A-]-cn-jv-Ir-X'am-
bpw A-]-c-Xz-am-bpw kr-ãn-s¨-
Sp-¡p-¶-Xn-\p th-@n eo-Kn-X-c
cm-{ão-b-¡m-cp-sS \n-c-´-c ]-cn-{i-
a-§-sf kmw-kv-Im-cn-I aq-e-[-
\-am-¡n kzo-I-cn-¨psIm-@m-Wv
]-e-t¸m-gpw ta-\-I Km-Ôn-sb
t]m-se-bp-Å D-¯-tc-´y³ AÀ-
Wm-_v tKm-km-an-amÀ B-i-b
cq-]o-I-c-Ww \-S-¯p-¶-Xv. tI-c-
f-¯n-se aq-¶mw X-e-ap-d ap-kv-
enw hn-Zym-`ym-k hn-¹-h-¯n-sâ
ap-t¶-äIm-e-¯v hn.F-kv A-Nyp-
Xm-\-µ³ a-e-¸p-d-s¯ Ip-«n-
IÄ tIm-¸n A-Sn-¨v F-kv.F-kv.
FÂ.kn ]m-Êm-bn F-¶v bm-
sXm-cp A-Sn-Øm-\-hp-an-Ãm-¯
X-d-t¸-¨v \-S-¯n-b-Xv C-t¸mÄ
HmÀ-a h-cp-¶p.
1921 se {]-t£m-`-Im-cnI-sf tIm-S-Xn-bn-te-¡v sIm­p-t]m-Ip¶p
6 Pq¬ 2020
bpw G-jy-¡m-sc-bpw Io-gv-s¸-Sp-¯n \-¶m-
¡n-sb-Sp-¡p-I F-¶ Zu-Xyw.
a-e-¸p-d-s¯ "A-]-cn-jv-Ir-X'am-bpw A-]-c-
Xz-am-bpw kr-ãn-s¨-Sp-¡p-¶-Xn-\p th-@n eo-
Kn-X-c cm-{ão-b-¡m-cp-sS \n-c-´-c ]-cn-{i-a-§-sf
kmw-kv-Im-cn-I aq-e-[-\-am-¡n kzo-I-cn-¨p sIm-
@m-Wv ]-e-t¸m-gpw ta-\-I Km-Ôn-sb t]m-se-
bp-Å D-¯-tc-´y³ AÀ-Wm-_v tKm-km-an-amÀ
B-i-b cq-]o-I-c-Ww \-S-¯p-¶-Xv. tI-c-f-¯n-se
aq-¶mw X-e-ap-d ap-kv-enw hn-Zym-`ym-k hn-¹-h-
¯n-sâ ap-t¶-ä Im-e-¯v hn.F-kv A-Nyp-Xm-
\-µ³ a-e-¸p-d-s¯ Ip-«n-IÄ tIm-¸n A-Sn-¨v
F-kv.F-kv.FÂ.kn ]m-Êm-bn F-¶v bm-sXm-cp
A-Sn-Øm-\-hp-an-Ãm-¯ X-d-t¸-¨v \-S-¯n-b-Xv
C-t¸mÄ HmÀ-a h-cp-¶p. G-ä-hpw A-h-km-\w
cm-lp Km-Ôn h-b-\m-Sv a-Þ-e-¯n aÂ-k-
cn-¨-t¸mÄ A-Xn DÄ-s¸-Sp-¶ h-@q-cn-s\
"a-e-¸p-d `m-Kw'F-¶-Xv ssl-Uv sN-bv-X-Xpw
eo-Kn-sâ sIm-Sn X-\n-¡v "_m-[y-X' bm-bn am-
dn-b-Xpw HmÀ-¡p-I. G-Xm-@v A-tX Im-e-¯v
X-s¶ eo-Kv ]-Xm-I ]m-¡n-Øm³ ]-Xm-I-bm-bn
am-än Nn-e-cp-sS t]-cn tI-kp-@m-hp-¶p. tIm-
f-Pn Fw.F-kv F-^n-sâ hn-P-bm-lv-fm-Z {]-I-S-
\-¯n ]-s¦-Sp-¯-h-sc ]-Xm-I-bp-sS t]-cnÂ
s]m- e o- k v A- t \z- j n- ¡ p- ¶ p. F- s ´- Ã mw
]p-In-ep-IÄ! ap-kv-enw-eo-Kn-s\ aq-cn-IÄ F-¶v
hn-fn-¡m-¯ ssk-_À t]m-cm-fn-IÄ \-t¶ Ip-
6 Pq¬ 2020
d-hm-Wv. "a-e-¸p-d-s¯' aq-cn-IÄ B-Wv "In-g-¡n'
\v "]-Sn-ªm-dv'! A-Xv sk-bv-Zv D-]-tbm-Kn-¨
A-tX hym-Jym-\-¯n X-s¶ hn-e-bn-cp-¯m³
A-[n-Iw {]-bm-k-s¸-tS-@-Xn-Ãm-¯ hn-[w Cu
A-]-c-Xzw C-hn-sS \nÀ-an-¡-s¸-«n-«p-@v. Hm-dn-bâ-
"In-g-¡v ', "]-Sn-ªm-dv ' F-¶o hn-
cp-² Zz-µz-§-sf kr-ãn-¨ ti-jw
In-g-¡n-s\ "A-hÀ' B-bpw ]-Sn-
ªm-dn-s\ "\-½Ä' B-bpw Hm-dn-
bâ-en-kw Øm-]n-¨p. A-h-tc(In-
g-¡v)¡mÄ tbm-Ky-cm-Wv \-½Ä
(]-Sn-ªm-dv) F-¶p kn-²m-´n-¡p-
¶-Xn-\v C-§-s\ c-@v hn-cp-²m-kv-
Xn-Xz-§-sf B-Zy-ta Øm-
]n-t¡-@-Xp-@m-bn-cp-¶p.
C-§-s\ ku-I-cy-]qÀ-hw kr-ãn-
¡-s¸-« A-kv-Xn-Xz-am-Wv "In-g-¡v '
F-¶ A-]-cw. Xp-SÀ-¶v ]-Sn-ªm-dn-
sâ hn-]-co-X-am-bn In-g-¡n-s\ A-S-
bm-f-s¸-Sp-¯n. ]m-Ým-Xy³ am-\y-
\pw bp-àn-t_m-[-ap-Å-h-\pw ]-cn-
jv-Ir-X-\p-am-sW-¦n ]u-c-kv-Xy³
C-h-bp-sS-sb-Ãmw hn-]-co-X-am-b
sIm-Å-cp-Xm-¯-h-\pw A-Ô-hn-
izm-kn-bpw A-]-cn-jv-Ir-X-\p-am-Wv!
A-]-cn-jv-Ir-X-s\ ]-cn-jv-I-cn-t¡-@
Np-a-X-e kzm-`m-hn-I-am-bpw ]-cn-jv-
Ir-X-sâ Np-a-en-em-Wv. ]-cn-jv-I-cn-
¡-W-sa-¦n \n-b-{´-Wm-[n-Im-cw
th-Ww. C-Xm-Wv sIm-tfm-Wn-bÂ
A-[n-\n-th-i-¯n-sâ bp-àn.
47
en-k-s¯-¸-än sk-bv-Zv ]-d-bp-¶-Xv A-sXm-cp
sIm-tfm-Wn-b Nn-´m-]-²-Xn B-Wv F-¶m-Wv.
a-e-¸p-d-¯n-sâ Im-cy-¯n A-sXm-cp sl-Pn-a-
Wn-¡Â cm-ão-b-]-²-Xn-bm-Wv. "\n-§Ä'aq-cn-I-
fm-Wv!(A-]-cn-jv-Ir-XÀ) A-Xp-sIm-@v \n-b-{´-
Wm-[n-Im-cw ssI-bm-fm-\p-Å ti-jn C-Ã! (eo-
Kn-\v A-©mw a-{´n \Â-Ip-¶-Xp-am-bp-@m-b ]
p-In-ep-IÄ HmÀ-¡p-I) C-¸-d-ª "aq-cn' A-Ãm-¯
tIm¬-{K-kv ap-kv-enw (tZ-io-b ap-kv-enw) B-b-
Xp sIm-@m-Wv B-cym-S³ Aw-Ko-I-cn-¡-s¸-Sp-
¶-Xv F-¶-Xv h-gn-tb HmÀ-¡p-¶p.
bp.Un F-^v tI-c-f-¯n `-cn-¨ an-¡
a-{´n-k-`-bn-epw ap-kv-enw-eo-Kv B-Wv hn-Zym-`ym-k
h-Ip-¸v ssI-Im-cyw sN-bv-X-Xv. F-¦n-epw a-e-¸p-
d-¯v C-¶pw ]-¯mw-¢m-kv ]m-km-hp-¶ F-Ãm
hn-ZymÀ-°n-IÄ-¡pw ]Tn-¡m³ ]v-f-kv-Sp ko-äp-
IÄ C-Ã. Fw. C.F-kn-\v Ir-kv-Xy³ tImÀ-¸-
td-äv k-`-IÄ-¡pw F³ F-kv F-kv, F-kv-F³-
Un ]n Xp-S-§n-b Pm-Xn kw-L-S-\-IÄ-¡pw
D-Å-Xn-sâ \m-en-sem-¶v hn-Zym-`ym-k Øm-]-\-
§-fn-Ã. A-hn-S-§-fn hn-c-en-se-®m-hp-¶ ap-
kv-enw A-[ym-]-I-sc Im-Wp F-¦n-epw Fw.C.F-
kn ]-Ip-Xn-bn A-[n-Iw t]-cpw t\m¬
ap-kv-enw-I-fm-Wv-Xm-\pw! F-¶m-epw F-Ãmw "aq-
cn'IÄ sIm-@p t]m-Ip-¶p F-¶ ]-gn th-sd.
Cu ]-«n-I-bn A-h-km-\w \-S-¶ A-«n-a-dn
Iq-Sn kq-Nn-¸n-t¡-@-Xp-@v. tI-c-f-¯n ]-Xn-
\m-ev kÀ-h-I-em-im-e-I-fn H-¶n t]m-epw
hn.kn Øm-\-¯v ap-kv-enw C-Ã. Im-en-¡-äv kÀ-
h-I-em-im-e hn.kn Øm-\-¯v \n-b-an-¡m³
ip-]mÀ-i sN-¿-s¸-« s{]m-^. ko-Xn-bp-sS
\n-b-a-\ ^-b-enÂ"tZ-io-b-ap-kv-enw' K-hÀ-WÀ
H-¸p sh-¡m-¯-Xp Im-c-Ww A-t±-l-¯n-\v \n-b-
a-\w \-ã-s¸-«p.
a-e-¸p-d-¯v tPm-en In-«n C-hn-sS t_-Pm-tdm-Sp
Iq-Sn h-¶v C-hn-sS-bp-Å-h-cp-sS B-Yn-Xy a-cym-
Z-bpw kv-t\-l-hpw A-\p-`-hn-¨-h-sc [m-cm-fw
I-@n-«p-@v. F-sâ A-\p-`-h-¯n a-e-¸p-dw
F-Ãmw Xn-I-ª \m-«p-`-c-W {]-tZ-i-sam-¶p-a-Ã.
48
F-Ãm-bn-S-¯p-ap-Å kv-{Xo-hn-cp-²-\pw ]-cn-Øn-
Xn hn-cp-²-\pw Pm-Xn a-X bm-Ym-Øn-I-\p-
sam-s¡-bm-b ]m-{Sn-bmÀ-¡n ]p-cp-j³-amÀ Ip-
sd-sbm-s¡ C-hn-sS-bp-ap-@v. F-¶m Du-Xn
hoÀ-¸n-¡-s¸-« a-e-¸p-dw ]-e-t¸m-gpw H-cp Io-cn-
¡m-S³ tPm-kn-sâ Øm-\-¯v, ta-PÀ c-hn-bp-sS
kn-\n-a-bn-se"]m-¡n-Øm³' t]m-se hn-Ã-sâ-
bpw A-]-c-Xz-¯n-sâ-bpw sIm-Sn-b-S-bm-f-am-bn-
«m-Wv \-½p-sS cm-{ão-b A-t_m-[-¯n-epw kn-
\n-am A-t_m-[-¯n-ep-sam-s¡ Ip-Sn-tb-dn-b-Xv.
a-e-¸p-d-¯n-sâ B C-Ãm"I-¯n' {_n-«o-jv ]-«m-f-
¯n-\p t\-sc Du-cn-b-Xn-\p ti-jw Du-cn-b-Xv
eo-Kv ]-Xm-I ]m-¡n-Øm³
]-Xm-I-bm-bn am-än Nn-e-cp-sS
t]-cn tI-kp-@m-hp-¶p.
tIm-f-Pn Fw.F-kv F-^n-sâ
hn-P-bm-lv-fm-Z {]-I-S-\-¯nÂ
]-s¦-Sp-¯-h-sc ]-Xm-I-bp-sS
t]-cn s]m-eo-kv A-t\z-jn-
¡p-¶p. F-s´-Ãmw
]p-In-ep-IÄ! ap-kv-enw-eo-Kn-s\
aq-cn-IÄ F-¶v hn-fn-¡m-¯
ssk-_À t]m-cm-fn-IÄ \-t¶
Ip-d-hm-Wv. "a-e-¸p-d-s¯' aq-cn-
IÄ B-Wv "In-g-¡n' \v "]-Sn-
ªm-dv '! A-Xv sk-bv-Zv D-]-tbm-
Kn-¨ A-tX hym-Jym-\-¯nÂ
X-s¶ hn-e-bn-cp-¯m³ A-[n-
Iw {]-bm-k-s¸-tS-@-Xn-Ãm-¯
hn-[w Cu A-]-c-Xzw C-hn-sS
\nÀ-an-¡-s¸-«n-«p-@v.
6 Pq¬ 2020
kn-\n-a-bn-em-Wv F-¶v am-{Xw! a-e-_m-dn-se
[o-c-\m-b ImÀ-jn-I e-l-f(kzm-X-{´y k-a-c)
t]m-cm-fn-bpw, A-¶-s¯ U-]yq-«n I-e-ÎÀ kn.
tKm-]m-e³ \m-b-cm 'ln-µp-¡-fp-sS cm-Pm-hpw
ap-l-½-Zo-b-cp-sS A-ao-dpw Jn-em-^-Xv tk-\-bp-
sS tI-W-ep-am-bn-«m-bn-cp-¶p hm-cn-b³ Ip-¶³
N-a-ªn-cp-¶-Xv' F-¶v hn-ti-jn-¸n-¡-s¸-«-h-cp-
am-b hm-cn-bw Ip-¶-¯v Ip-ª-½-Zv lm-Pn
{_n-«o-jv ]-«m-f-t¯m-Sv X-s¶ sh-Sn-sh-¨p sIm-
Ãm³ hn-[n-¡-s¸-«v A-h-km-\-s¯ B-{K-lw
tNm-Zn-¨-t¸mÄ ]-d-ª t]m-se D-Å hm-¡p-IÄ
a-säm-cp Pn-Ã-bn-se-bpw "B-Wm-bn ]n-d-¶-h-
·mÀ']-d-ªn-«n-Ã. A-t±-lw F-\n-¡v aq-cn-b-Ã.
A-Xp-sIm-@v a-e-¸p-d-¯p-Å aq-cn-I-sf-t]m-epw
Rm³ aq-cn-IÄ F-¶v hn-fn-¡n-Ã.
P-\p-h-cn 20 D-¨-bv-¡v a-e-¸p-dw a-e-©-cn tdm-
Un-sâ H-¶mw ssa-en-\-Sp-¯ h-S-t¡ N-cn-hnÂ
(tIm-«-¡p-¶v) lm-Pn-bp-sS-bpw c-@v k-lm-bn-
I-fp-sS-bpw h-[-in-£ \-S-¸m-¡n. tIm-«pw X-e-
¸m-hpw [-cn-¨v I-tk-c-bn C-cp-¶ lm-Pn-bp-sS
c-@p-ssI-I-fpw ]n-t¶m-«v ]n-Sn-¨p sI-«n-b ti-
jw I-tk-c-b-S-¡w tZ-l-hpw h-cn-ªp-ap-dp-¡n.
""\n-§Ä I-®v sI-«n ]n-d-In \n-¶pw sh-Sn
sh-¨m-W-tÃm sIm-Ãm-dv. F-¶m F-sâ I-®p-
IÄ sI-«m-sX, N-§-e-IÄ H-gn-hm-¡n ap-¶nÂ
\n-¶v sh-Sn-sh-¡-Ww. F-sâ Po-hn-Xw \-in-¸n-
¡p-¶ sh-Sn-bp-@-IÄ h-¶p ]-Xn-t¡-@-Xv
F-sâ s\-©n-em-bn-cn-¡-Ww. A-sX-\n-¡v Im-
W-Ww, Cu a-®n ap-Jw tNÀ-¯v a-cn-¡-Ww''
F-¶v lm-Pn B-h-iy-s¸-«p. A-´ym-`n-em-jw
Aw-Ko-I-cn-¨p I-®v sI-«m-sX s\-©n-te-¡v
6 Pq¬ 2020
tI-c-f-¯n ]-Xn-\m-ev kÀ-h-I-
em-im-e-I-fn H-¶n t]m-epw
hn.kn Øm-\-¯v ap-kv-enw C-Ã.
Im-en-¡-äv kÀ-h-I-em-im-e hn.kn
Øm-\-¯v \n-b-an-¡m³ ip-]mÀ-i
sN-¿-s¸-« s{]m-^. ko-Xn-bp-sS
\n-b-a-\ ^-b-enÂ"tZ-io-b-ap-kv-
enw' K-hÀ-WÀ H-¸p sh-¡m-¯-Xp
Im-c-Ww A-t±-l-¯n-\v \n-b-a-\w
\-ã-s¸-«p. a-e-¸p-d-¯v tPm-en In-«n
C-hn-sS t_-Pm-tdm-Sp Iq-Sn h-¶v
C-hn-sS-bp-Å-h-cp-sS B-Yn-Xy a-cym-
Z-bpw kv-t\-l-hpw A-\p-`-hn-¨-h-
sc [m-cm-fw I-@n-«p-@v.
sh-Sn-bp-XnÀ-¯v lm-Pn-bp-sS h-[ in-£ {_n-«o-
jv ]-«m-fw \-S-¸n h-cp-¯n. a-d-hp sN-bv-XmÂ
]p-Wy-]p-cp-j-·m-cm-bn Nn-{Xo-I-cn-¨p t\À-¨-IÄ
t]m-ep-Å A-\p-kv-a-c-W-§Ä D-@m-Ip-sa-¶
`-bw Im-c-Ww lm-Pn-bp-tS-X-S-¡w ap-gp-h³ t]-
cp-sS-bpw ar-X-tZ-l-§Ä hn-d-Ipw a-s®-®-bpw
H-gn-¨v I-¯n-¨p I-f-ªp. Iq-«-¯n hn-¹-h
kÀ-¡m-cn-sâ ap-gp-h³ tc-J-I-fpw A-Kv-\n-¡n-
c-bm-¡n. C-\n H-cn-¡-epw hm-cn-b³ Ip-¶³ Ip-
ª-l-½-Zv lm-Pn-bp-sS HmÀ-a-IÄ Xn-cn-¨p h-c-
cp-Xv F-¶v km-{am-Py-Xz Xo-cp-am-\w \-S-¸n-em-
¡m³ I-¯n-¯oÀ-¶ Nm-c-¯n _m-¡n-bm-b
F-Ãp-IÄ h-sc ssk-\yw s]-dp-¡n-sb-Sp-¯v
_m-Kn-em-¡n sIm-@v t]m-bn.
courtesy: thecue.in
49
 aebm-fw X-an-gv k-½n-{i- ]-Ým-¯-
e-¯n-eq-sS I-S¶p-t]mIp¶
knhnIv tPmWnsâ \o-@I-Y
A-Sp-¯ e-¡w apXÂ.
Nn-{Xo-Ic-Ww
k-enw A-l½Zv

50 6 Pq¬ 2020 6 Pq¬ 2020

51
 Bi-¦-Ifpw thZ-\-Ifpw

lm^n-knsâ F\n-s¡-Xnsc Xncn-ªp-sIm@v

]cp-j-ambn ]dªp;
""\o \nsâ aZy-]m-\hpw
BtLm-j-§fpw \nÀ¯n-bn-sÃ-¦nÂ

I-hn-XIÄ R§Ä \ns¶-bp-t]-£n-¨p-t]m-Ipw.''

]cn-`mj: keojv C«q¸v tPmWn

kaÀ°-\m-sbmcp
kplr- ¯ v
\nsâ ]p©ncn a äp-Å-h-cpsS sXäp-Ip-ä-§sf¡pdn¨v
Nn´n-¡m-Xn-cn-¡m³ _p²n-ap-«m-Wv.

ImWm³ BZyw \o,

FÃm hnZyI-fnepw kaÀ°\mb
Hcph\p-ambn kulr-Z-¯n-em-IWw,
N {µsâ apXp-InÂ
FÃm-bvt¸mgpw am´n-s¡m-@n-cn-¡p¶
B kulr-Z-amWv
\nsâ icn-bmb kuµ-cy¯n \n¶pw
]pcm-X-\-am-sbmcp \mb-sb t]mse If-tb-@-sXÃmw Npc-@n-¡-f-bp-¶-Xv.
\n\¡v lm^n-kns\ k¦-ev]n-¡mw.
\nsâ Nn´-Isf¡pdn-t¨m,
\nsâ sNbvXn-Isf¡pdnt¨m
Rm³ Bi-¦-s¸-Sp-¶n-Ã.
\osb-hn-sS-bm-sW-¦nepw
{InkvXp-hnsâ
\n\¡v Zp:Jw tXm¶p-t¼mÄ
Cu ]pkvXIw Xpd-¶p-t\m-¡p-I,
Fs´-¶m \nsâ ]p©n-cn-Im-Wm³
F\n-s¡m-cp-]m-Sn-jvS-am-Wv.
izmkw
{InkvXp-hnsâ izmk-sam-gp-Ip-s¶mcp
apfw-X-@mWp Rm³þ
Cu Km\w H¶v {i²n¡q,

Bi-¦-Ifpw F®n-bm-sem-Sp-§m¯ kzc-e-b-§-fn ]mSp¶

apgp-h³ Poh-Ip-e-¯n-sâbpw
kwKo-X-I-t¨-cn-bmWv Rm³.

thZ-\-I-fpw Ahs\
Bi-¦-I-tfm-sSbpw thZ-\-I-tfm-sS-bp-amWv
ZpÀ`-e-am-sbmcp IpSn-enÂ
Rm³ Pohn-¨n-cp-¶Xv.
]t£ Rms\sâ
Adn-bp-thm-fw.
kplr-¯ns\ I@p-ap-«n-b-XnÂ]ns¶ F\n¡v tXm¶p¶p
aZy-]n-¡m\pw Ahs\ Ad-nbp-thmfw
cm{Xn-I-fn ]m«p-]mSn \½p-sS-sbÃmw Pohn-X-¯nse
BtLm-jn-¡m\pw XpS-§n. Hmtcm \nan-jhpw IS-¶p-t]m-Ip-¶Xv
AXn ]ns¶ `b-`o-Xn-I-fm-em-Wv.

52 6 Pq¬ 2020 6 Pq¬ 2020

53
 Xmt¡m B tXmWn ap§n-¯m-gp-¶-Xns\ hmgv¯p-I-b-Ã.
]n¶n-Sp¶ Hmtcm \nan-j-¯n-sâbpw

hnX-cWw IS¸-c-¸p-IÄ
\ap¡v t\Sn-sb-Sp-¡m³ km[n-¡p¶

sN¿p-¶-h³ A\p-I-¼-tbm-sSbpw al-Xz-t¯m-sSbpw

XcWw sN¿p-I-bm-Wv.

sNdnb a\p-jyÀ
aäp-Å-hÀ¡mbv XS-h-d-IÄ ]Wn-Xp-bÀ¯p-¶p.
AtX kabw
N{µ-{]` a§p¶ cm{Xn-I-fn lm^n-knsâ Nne
incÊv ad-¨p-sIm-s@mcp k\ymkn
Xpdp-¦n-e-S-bv¡-s¸« sX½m-Sn-IÄ¡mbv
Xmt¡m hnX-cWw sN¿p-¶p. Awi-§Ä
Ignª cm{Xn-bnÂ
ho@pw AXv kw`-hn¨p;

ssZhn-I-amb kvt\lw AXnsâ aqSn Xpd¶v

Fsâ Xe-t¨mÀ
BIm-i-amsI NnX-dn-¨p.

ssh`-h-§Ä
ssZhn-I-amb ssh`-h-§-sfÃmw
Rm\n-t¸mÄ k¦-ev]n-¡p-I-bm-Wv,
lm^n-knsâ Nne Awi-§Ä
\£-{X-§Ät]mse
bpK-§-fmbn Xmtg-¡p-XnÀ¶v hogp-¶-Xv.
\n\-¡p-Ån-ep-@v,
Ahsâ P\n-X-I-§-fn \n¶pw
P·wsIm@ \nsâ Bßmhv
A§s\-b-Ãm-Xm-Iptam!
kpK-Ô-hy-RvP-\-
B {]tbmKw F\n-¡n-jvS-s¸-«p,
""ssZhn-I-amb ssh`-h-§-sfÃmw
\n\-¡p-Ån-ep@v.''

lm^nkv Nne-t¸mÄ
§Ä tNÀ¯ a¶
\o tNÀ¶p \n¶n-sÃ-¦nÂ
bmsXmcp klm-bhpw sN¿nÃ. \ns¶ Bsc-¦nepw tamjvSn¨v
]t£ Fsâ Bg-§-fn \n¶pw, N´-bn sIm@p-t]mbn hn¡pw.
A\p-cm-Kn-I-fpsS DS-en \n¶pw
]S-cp¶ kpK-Ôw-t]mse cm¸m-Sn-I-fpsS lrZ-b-§-fn Rm³]mSpw
kp\n-Ýn-X-amb Nne A`n-\-µ-\-§Ä Ah-scsâ Imhy-§Ä ]Tn-s¨-Sp¡pw
DbÀ¶p tIÄ¡mw. ]ns¶ BÀ¡pw
at\m-l-c-amb \nsâ amem-J-¨n-d-Ip-IÄ
at\m-l-c-amb Nne cl-ky-§Ä _Ôn-¡m-\m-In-Ã.
Ipdn-¨psh-¨n-cn-¡p¶ Cu ]pkvXIw
\o \nsâ s\t©mSv tNÀ¯v sh¡-Ww. Cu cm{Xn-bnÂ
lm^nkv hnf-¼p-Im-c-\m-bn-cn-¡p¶
k{X-¯n \n¶pw

A\p-I-¼bpw \n\-¡pth@ a¶
cpNn-I-c-ambn ]mIw sNbvXv
kpK-Ô-hy-RvP-\-§Ä tNÀ¯v \ÂIn-bntÃ?

al-Xz-hpw
shdp¸pw tIm]hpw tXmWn-bnÂ
CsÃ-¦n Hc-ev]w-IqSn Im¯n-cn-¡q,
\n\-¡mbv ssZhn-I-amb {]Imiw
]mIw sN¿p¶p@v.
Xpf-IÄ hogv¯p¶p.
\½-fn-t¸mÄ Ahsâ kap-{Z-¯n (XpScpw)

54 6 Pq¬ 2020 6 Pq¬ 2020

55
H-am-³ I¯pIÄ

tam-l³ ]m-e-¡m-Sn

1979 s^-{_p-h-cn

A
{]n-tb;
-b-¨ I-¯v In-«n; I-¯n-se
D-Å-S-¡w F-s¶ h-Ãm-sX
kv-]À-in-¨p. hn-c-lmÀ-¯-
bm-b G-sXm-cp `m-cy-bpw
F-gp-Xn-b-tX \o-bpw F-gp-Xn-bn-«p-Åq F-¦n-epw
H-cp hÀ-jw t]m-epw Xn-I-bm-sX F-Ãmw C-s«-
12
{]hmkw

dn-ªv h-cm-s\-\n-¡m-hn-sÃ-¶v A-dn-bm-¯-h-f-

Ã-tÃm \o. ]n-s¶ F-t´; C-§-s\-sb-Ãmw
F-gp-Xm³ tXm-¶n-b-Xv? \mw X-½n ]n-cn-ªn-
cn-¡m-t\m A-I-¶v Po-hn-¡m-t\m tam-l-ap@m-
bn-«-Ã I-S-en-¶-¡-sc h-¶v Xm-a-kn-¡p-¶-Xv.
C-hn-Sp-s¯ Zpx-J-§-fpw Zp-cn-X-§-fpw F-gp-Xn

a-\-Êpw, i-co-c-hpw
a-c-hn-¡p-¶ I-YIÄ
Hm-Sn-sb-¯m³ I-gn-bp-¶ Zq-c-¯m-bn-cp-s¶-
¦n Cu \n-an-jw Rm-\-hn-sS F-¯p-am-bn-
cp-¶p. B kv-t\-lw \p-I-cm-\p-Å sIm-Xn;
hm-Õ-ey-t¯m-sS \-½p-sS ]p-¶m-c tam-s\
hm-cn-¸p-W-cm-\p-Å tam-lw F-Ãmw, F-Ãmw
D-Ån-sem-Xp-¡n-¡-gn-bm³ hn-[n-¨-h-\m-W-
tÃm Cu Rm³. H-t¶mÀ-¯m C-hn-sS-
bp-Å F-{X-sb-{X t]-cp-sS Po-hn-X-¯n-em-Wv
I-Z-\-I-Y-bp-Å-Xv?! A-h-sc-Ãmw C-hn-sS Nn-cn-
¨pw I-e-ln-¨pw No-«v I-fn-¨pw a-Zy-]n-¨pw F-Ãm
Zpx-J-§-fpw a-d-¶v \-sÃm-cp `m-hn-¡p-th@n
F-Ãmw k-ln-¨v I-gn-bp-I-b-tÃ? \-½-fpw
A-Xn \n-¶v hy-Xy-kv-X-cm-tWm? F-Ãm-h-cpw
Xp-ey-Zpx-Jn-X-c-tÃ?
BZy-Ime Ham³
56 6 Pq¬ 2020 6 Pq¬ 2020
57

A-dn-bn-¡m-dn-sÃ-¶-Xm-Wv t\-cv. kp-J-¯n-epw
Zpx-J-¯n-epw ]-s¦-Sp-¡m-\p-Å k-¶-²-X \o
Im-Wn-¡p-sa-¦n-epw A-sXm-¶pw A-dn-bn-¡m-\m-
{K-ln-¡p-¶n-Ã. F-Ãm Zpx-J-§-fpw kz-bw G-äp-
hm-§n kp-J-hpw k-t´m-j-hpw \n-§Ä-s¡-Ãmw
{]-Zm-\w sN-¿m-\m-sW-\n-¡m-{K-lw. Ip-Spw-_mw-
K-§-sf ]n-cn-ªp-Å Po-hn-Xw F-{X Zp-Ê-l-am-
sW-¶m-tem-Nn-¨v t\m-¡q. Hm-Sn-sb-¯m³ I-gn-
bp-¶ Zq-c-¯m-bn-cp-s¶-¦n Cu \n-an-jw
Rm-\-hn-sS F-¯p-am-bn-cp-¶p. B kv-t\-lw
\p-I-cm-\p-Å sIm-Xn; hm-Õ-ey-t¯m-sS \-½p-sS
]p-¶m-c tam-s\ hm-cn-¸p-W-cm-\p-Å tam-lw
F-Ãmw, F-Ãmw D-Ån-sem-Xp-¡n-¡-gn-bm³ hn-[n-
¨-h-\m-W-tÃm Cu Rm³. H-t¶mÀ-¯m C-hn-
sS-bp-Å F-{X-sb-{X t]-cp-sS Po-hn-X-¯n-em-Wv
I-Z-\-I-Y-bp-Å-Xv?! A-h-sc-Ãmw C-hn-sS Nn-cn-¨pw
I-e-ln-¨pw No-«v I-fn-¨pw a-Zy-]n-¨pw F-Ãm Zpx-
J-§-fpw a-d-¶v \-sÃm-cp `m-hn-¡p-th@n F-Ãmw
k-ln-¨v I-gn-bp-I-b-tÃ? \-½-fpw A-Xn \n-¶v
hy-Xy-kv-X-cm-tWm? F-Ãm-h-cpw Xp-ey-Zpx-Jn-X-c-
tÃ?
C-hn-Sp-t¯-Xn-t\-¡m-fpw F-{X-tbm kp-J-I-
58
c-am-sbm-c-´-co-£-¯n-em-Wv \o-b-hn-sS I-gn-bp-
¶-Xv? ho-«p-Im-cpw \m-«p-Im-cpw _-Ôp-¡-fpw
kp-lr-¯p-¡-fp-sa-Ãmw D-Å-t¸mÄ H-cp {]-tXy-I
kp-c-£n-X-t_m-[w X-s¶ tXm-¶n-tÃ? C-hn-sS
R-§Ä A-§-s\-bm-tWm? C-hn-sS B-cm-Wp-
Å-Xv Zpx-J-§Ä ]-¦p-sh-¡m³? F-Ãm Zpx-J-§-
fpw _m-¡n sh-¡m-s\m-c-¯m-Wn-bp-t@m?
F-Ãm Zpx-J-§-fpw D-Ån-sem-Xp-¡n \o-dn-\o-dn-
¡-gn-bp-I-b-Ãm-sX F-´m-sWm-cp t]mw-h-gn?
`-K-h-Xn t£-{X-¯n-se D-Õ-hw A-Xn-Kw-`o-
c-am-bn B-tLm-jn-s¨-¶pw I-em-th-Zn-bp-sS
\m-S-I-apÄ-s¸-sS hn-hn-[ I-em-]-cn-]m-Sn-I-fp@m-
bn-cp-s¶-¶pw tI-«-t¸mÄ F-´p-sIm-t@m H-c-
kz-Ø-X. I-gn-ª hÀ-j-s¯ D-Õ-h-¯n-epw
I-em-]-cn-]m-Sn-I-fn-epw ]-s¦-Sp-¡m³ I-gn-ªn-
cp-¶p. I-em-th-Zn-bp-sS F-Ãm Im-cy-§-fn-epw
`m-K-`m-¡m-Ip-hm³ I-gn-ªn-cp-¶ B \-Ã \m-fp-
I-sf-¡p-dn-¨p-Å HmÀ-a F-s¶ s\m-¼-c-s¸-
Sp-¯p-¶p. C-\n H-cn-¡-epw B \-Ã \m-fp-IÄ
Xn-cn-¨p-h-cn-Ã. AÂ-]-sa-¦n-epw kÀ-K-hm-k-\-
bp-s@¦n A-sX-Ãmw h-än-h-c@p-t]m-Ip-¶
km-l-N-cy-am-Wn-hn-sS. C-hn-sS I-e-bv-¡pw
6 Pq¬ 2020
km-ln-Xy-¯n-\pw {]-k-àn-bn-Ã. A-§-s\-sbm-
cp hy-àn-Xz-tam th-dn-s«m-cp Po-hn-X-tam C-hn-
sS-bn-Ã. b-{´-a-\p-jy-s\-t¸m-se-þ bm-sXm-cp
ar-Zp-e-hn-Im-c-§Ä-¡pw A-Sn-a-s¸-Sm-sX tPm-en
sN-¿p-I. tPm-en sN-bv-Xm-epw C-sÃ-¦n-epw
]-W-ap@m-¡p-I am-{X-am-sW-Ãm-h-cp-tS-bpw
e-£yw. I-e-bv-¡pw km-ln-Xy-¯n-\pw Cu
a-cp-`q-an-bn F-´v {]m-[m-\yw? \m-«p-Im-cpw
ho-«p-Im-cpw {]-Xo-£n-¡p-¶-Xpw a-säm-¶m-hm-
\n-S-bn-Ã. a-sä-s´m-s¡ hy-àn-{]-`m-h-§-fp@m-
bm-epw ]-W-ap@m-¡n-bn-sÃ-¦n A-h-\v e-`n-
¡p-¶-Xv A-h-K-W-\-bpw ]-cn-lm-k-hp-am-
bn-cn-¡pw. C-hn-sS F-Ãm-hÀ-¡pw Xp-ey A-h-
k-c-§-f-Ã e-`n-¡p-¶-sX-¶pw, F-Ãm-hÀ-¡pw
H-cp-t]m-se ]-W-ap@m-¡m³ I-gn-bn-Ã F-¶pw
\m-«n BÀ-¡m-W-dn-bp-I? Xp-Ñ-am-b h-cp-am-\w
sIm@v Ip-Spw-_w ]p-eÀ-¯m³ ]m-Sp-s]-Sp-¶
F-{X t]-cm-Wn-hn-sS-bp-f-f-Xv? Iq-Sm-sX KÄ-
^n h-¶p-tNÀ-¶p F-¶ H-scm-ä Ip-äw sIm@v
`m-cn-¨ D-¯-c-hm-Zn-Xz-§Ä GÂ-t¡@n-h-cp-¶-
h-cp-sS Zpx-J I-Y-IÄ th-sd-bpw. A-Xn-\n-S-bnÂ
kÀ-K-hm-k-\ hm-Sn-¡-cn-ªv t]m-Ip-¶-Xn-\v
6 Pq¬ 2020
B-sc-sb-¦n-epw Ip-äw ]-d-bm-\m-Ip-tam? F-{X-
sb-{X bp-hm-¡-fp-sS kÀ-K-tN-X-\-bm-Wv I-®o-
cpw hn-bÀ-¸p-am-bn H-gp-In-t¸m-Ip-¶-Xv?
ssh-Zyp-Xn F-¯n-t¨À-¶-tXm-sS F-{X-sb-{X
A-]-I-S-§-fm-Wv H-am-\n-IÄ h-cp-¯n-sh-¡p-¶-
Xv? A-Ú-X sIm@v F-{X-sb-{X hn-e-]n-Sn-
¸p-Å C-e-Iv-t{Sm-Wn-Iv D-]-I-c-W-§-fm-Wv \-in-
¸n-¡p-¶X- v? sN-dn-b tI-Sp-]m-Sp-IÄ kw-`h
- n-¨mÂ
AÂ-]-sa-¦n-epw kÀ-K-hm-k-\-bp-
s@¦n A-sX-Ãmw h-än-h-c@p-
t]m-Ip-¶ km-l-N-cy-am-Wn-hn-sS.
C-hn-sS I-e-bv-¡pw km-ln-Xy-¯n-
\pw {]-k-àn-bn-Ã. A-§-s\-
sbm-cp hy-àn-Xz-tam th-dn-s«m-cp
Po-hn-X-tam C-hn-sS-bn-Ã. b-{´-a-\p-
jy-s\-t¸m-se-þ bm-sXm-cp ar-Zp-e-hn-
Im-c-§Ä-¡pw A-Sn-a-s¸-Sm-sX
tPm-en sN-¿p-I. tPm-en sN-bv-Xm-epw
C-sÃ-¦n-epw ]-W-ap@m-¡p-I am-{X-
am-sW-Ãm-h-cp-tS-bpw e-£yw. I-e-bv-
¡pw km-ln-Xy-¯n-\pw Cu a-cp-`q-an-
bn F-´v {]m-[m-\yw? \m-«p-Im-cpw
ho-«p-Im-cpw {]-Xo-£n-¡p-¶-Xpw
a-säm-¶m-hm-\n-S-bn-Ã. a-sä-s´m-s¡
hy-àn-{]-`m-h-§-fp@m-bm-epw
]-W-ap@m-¡n-bn-sÃ-¦n A-h-\v
e-`n-¡p-¶-Xv A-h-K-W-\-bpw
]-cn-lm-k-hp-am-bn-cn-¡pw.
D-t±-in-¨-Xp-t]m-se {]-hÀ-¯n-¡m-Xn-cp-¶mÂ,
sS-en-hn-j-\n Nn-{Xw hy-à-am-bn sX-fn-bm-Xn-
cp-¶mÂ, tS-¸v dn-¡mÀ-U-dn H-cp tS-¸v Ip-cp-
§n-bmÂ, hm-jn-Mv sa-jo-\n-sâ s_Â-äv
s]m-«n I-d-§m-Xn-cp-¶m A-§-s\ \n-Êm-c-
am-b X-I-cm-dp-IÄ aq-ew ]-e-Xpw h-en-s¨-dn-bp-
I-tbm, a-XnÂ-sI-«n-\-I-s¯ G-sX-¦n-epw aq-e-
bn-tem Iq-«n-bn-Sp-¶p. A-h-sb-Ãmw A-ä-Ip-ä-]-
Wn-IÄ sN-bv-Xv i-cn-bm-¡n-sb-Sp-¡m-\p-Å hn-
Z-Kv-[ sXm-gn-em-fn-I-tfm, A-¯-cw Øm-]-\-§-
tfm C-S-¯-cw ]-«-W-§-fn-sem-¶pw B-cw-`n-¨n-
«n-Ã. A-Xv h-f-sc Zq-sc-bp-Å \-K-c-¯nÂ
t]m-bn \-¶m-¡n hm-§p-¶-Xn-t\-¡mÄ em-`-I-
cw ]p-Xn-b-sXm-sc-®w hm-§p-I-bm-sW-¶-hÀ
I-cp-Xp-¶p.
Cu A-Sp-¯ Zn-h-kw a-säm-cp kw-`-h-ap@m-
bn. sh-Åw Nq-Sm-¡m-\p-Å C-e-Iv-{Sn-Iv tIm-
bn F-Sp-¯v _-¡-än-ep-Å sh-Å-¯n C-«v
]-hÀ Hm¬ sN-bv-Xv A-Xn \n-¶v tjm-t¡-äv
H-cp kv-{Xo t_m-[-c-ln-X-bm-bn sX-dn-¨p-ho-Wp.
F-´m-Wv sN-t¿@sX-¶v ho-«p-ImÀ-¡v H-cp
cq-]-hp-an-Ã. Np-äpw Iq-Sn F-Ãm-h-cpw I-c-bm-\m-
59
cw-`n-¨p. H-cmÄ I-¼-\n-bn-te-t¡m-Sn-h-¶v Iq-sS
sN-Ãm-\m-h-iy-s¸-«p. A-bm-fp-sS ap-J-s¯ ]-cn-
{`-a-hpw hy-k-\-hpw I@t¸mÄ F-t´m A-Xym-
ln-Xw t\-cn-«-Xm-sW-¶v R-§-fq-ln-¨p. H-cmÄ-¡v
]-I-cw aq-¶p \m-ep t]À Iq-sS sN-¶p. A-hn-sS
sN-¶v t\m-¡n-b-t¸mÄ {]-Ú-b-äv In-S-¡p-¶
km-am-\yw ku-µ-cy-ap-Å H-cp bp-h-Xn! tjm-t¡-
ä-Xm-sW-¶-dn-ª-t¸mÄ i-co-c-¯n i-àn-bm-
bn aÀ-Zn-¨v i-co-cw Nq-Sp-]n-Sn-¸n-¨m c-à-Nw-{I-
a-Ww ]p-\-cm-cw-`n-¡p-sa-¶v A-dn-bm-am-bn-cp-
¶-Xp-sIm@v Rm-\-¡m-cyw a-äp-Å-h-tcm-Sv ]-d-
ªp. kv-{Xo-bm-b-Xp-sIm@v i-co-c-¯n kv-]
À-in-¡m³ ]-eÀ-¡pw `-bw. Im-c-Ww, C-hn-
Sp-s¯ \n-b-a-a-\p-k-cn-¨v tI-«-dn-hp-Å-Xp-sIm@p-
X-s¶. F-Ãm-h-cpw t\m-¡n-\nÂ-s¡ H-cp kv-{Xo-
bp-sS Po-h³ c-£n-¡p-¶-Xn-s\ H-cp \n-b-a-hpw
X-S-Êw sN-¿p-I-bn-Ã. X-s¶-bp-a-Ã, ho-«p-Im-cp-
sS kvt- \-lm-Z-c§
- Ä e-`n-¡p-Ib - pw sN-¿pw F-¶
F-sâ A-`n-{]m-bw tI-«v F-Ãm-h-cpw s]-s«-¶v
i-co-c-¯n C-Sn-¡p-hm-\pw, i-àn-bm-b aÀ-Zw
sN-ep-¯p-hm-\pw Xp-S-§n. Ip-td t\-cw I-gn-ª-
t¸mÄ kv-{Xo I-®v Xp-d-¶p. B-Ëm-Z-¯n-sâ
\n-an-j-§-fm-bn-cp-¶p A-Xv. A-t¸m-tg-¡pw I-¼-
\n-bn-se h@n sIm@p-h-¶v A-h-sc tUm-Iv-S-
dp-sS A-Sp-t¯-¡v sIm@p-t]m-bn. tUm-Iv-S-dpw
R-§-fp-sS {]-hr-¯n-sb A-`n-\-µn-¨p. H-cp Po-
h³ c-£n-¡m³ I-gn-ª-Xn R-§Ä k-´p-
jv-S-cm-Wv. A-Xn-\p-ti-jw ]-cn-k-c-hm-kn-IÄ-
s¡-Ãmw R-§-tfm-Sv kv-t\-l-hpw _-lp-am-\-
hp-am-Wv. \-µn-kq-N-I-am-bn A-h-cp-sS kÂ-¡m-
cw kzo-I-cn-¨p-sIm-t@ ]n-s¶ A-hn-sS \n-¶v
t]m-Im³ I-gn-ªp-Åq. G-Xp \m-«n-em-bm-epw
a-\p-jy-Po-h-\v hn-e-bp-Å-Xm-W-tÃm? H-cp Ip-
ªn-sâ A-½-bm-b B bp-h-Xn Im-Wp-t¼m-sg-
Ãmw A-¡m-cyw \-µn-]qÀ-hw HmÀ-an-¸n-¡pw. b-Ym-
k-a-bw {]-hÀ-¯n-¨n-Ãm-bn-cp-¶p-sh-¦n H-cp
Po-h³ \-jv-S-s¸-Sp-am-bn-cp-¶p.
C-¶-se I-¼-\n-bn H-cp hn-hm-lm-tLm-jw
sIm@m-Sn. \m-«n t]m-bn hn-hm-lw I-gn-¨v
Xn-cn-¨p-h-¶ H-cp bp-hm-hn-sâ h-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p
A-Xv. {]m-Y-an-I hn-Zym-`ym-kw am-{Xw t\-Sn-b
B bp-hm-hn-sâ `m-cy _n.tImw Un-{Kn I-c-Ø-
am-¡n-b s]¬-Ip-«n-bm-Wv. km-am-\yw ku-µ-cy-
hpw, \-Ã ap-J-{io-bp-ap-Å s]¬-Ip-«n. hn-hm-l
t^m-t«m-bpw hn-hm-l-¯n-\v ti-j-sa-Sp-¯ H-t«-
sd t^m-t«m-I-fpw kÂ-¡m-c-¯n-\v ap³-]v X-s¶
F-Ãm-h-sc-bpw Im-Wn-¨n-cp-¶p. B bp-hm-hn-\v
F-Sp-¯p-]-d-b-¯-¡ A-g-In-sÃ-¦n-epw B-tcm-
Ky-hm-\m-Wv. C-hn-sS "t»m-¡v ta-¡À' (kn-aâ v
I-«-IÄ D@m-¡p-¶ tPm-en) B-bn c@p hÀ-
j-t¯m-fw tPm-en sN-bv-X-Xn-\p-ti-jw \m-«nÂ
t]m-bn hn-hm-lw I-gn-¨v Xn-cn-¨p-h-¶-Xm-Wv.
kv-{Xo-[-\-am-bn G-I-tZ-iw A-c G-¡-tdm-fw
d-ºÀ tXm-«-hpw, ap-¸-Xv ]-h³ B-`-c-W§--fpw
t]m-¡-äv a-Wn-bm-bn C-cp-]-Xn-\m-bn-cw cq-]-bpw!
\-½p-sS \m-«n hn-hm-l-¡-t¼m-f-¯n F-{X-
am-{Xw hn-e-a-Xn-¡p-¶p F-¶-Xn-\v C-XnÂ-]-cw
sX-fn-hv th-tWm? F-Ãm-h-cpw A-Ûp-X-t¯m-Spw
B-Z-c-thm-Spw Iq-Sn-bm-Wv Cu hn-ti-j-§-sf-Ãmw
60
tI-«p-sIm@n-cp-¶-Xv. k-Xy-¯n F-Ãm-hÀ-¡pw
B bp-hm-hn-t\m-Sv B-Z-c-hv tXm-¶n-bn-cn-¡-Ww.
hn-hm-lw I-gn-¡m-¯ bp-hm-¡-fn C-Xv h-en-b
{]-Xo-£-bm-Wp-bÀ-¯n-b-Xv. hn-hm-ln-X-cnÂ
I-Sp-¯ \-jv-S-t_m-[-hpw. sh-dpw G-gmw Ìm³-
tUÀ-Uv-Im-c-\v C-{X-sbm-s¡ B-Im-sa-¦nÂ
AÂ-]w Iq-Sn hn-Zym-`ym-k-hpw km-¼-¯n-I-ti-
jn-bp-ap-Å-hÀ-¡v F-s´m-s¡ B-bn-¡q-Sm?
hn-hm-lm-\´-cw a-[p-hn-[p B-tLm-jw Du-«n,
sIm-ssS-¡-\m F-¶n-hn-S-§-fn-em-bn-cp-¶p-h-
t{X! ""C-sX-§-s\ km-[n-s¨-Sp-¯v A-fn-bm''
F-¶ Iq-«p-Im-cp-sS ]-Xn-hv tNm-Zy-¯n-\v C-sX-
Ãmw F-{X \n-Êm-cw F-¶ a-«n-ep-Å a-dp-]-Sn-bm-
Wv e-`n-¨-Xv. sI.Sn.Un.kn-bp-sS SqÀ t{]m-{Km-
an DÄ-s¸-Sp-¯n A-Xn-sâ sN-e-hp-I-sf-Ãmw
`m-cy-ho-«p-Im-cm-W-t{X h-ln-¨-Xv!
KÄ-^p-Im-c-sâ tPm-en-sb-¡p-dn-t¨m, hn-Zym-
`ym-k tbm-Ky-X-sb-¡p-dn-t¨m, A-h-sâ h-cp-am-
\-s¯-¡p-dn-t¨m, A-h-sâ C-hn-Sp-s¯ \n-e-
\nÂ-¸n-s\-¡p-dn-t¨m \m-«p-ImÀ A-t\z-jn-¡p-
¶n-Ã F-¶-Xm-Wv sR-«n-¡p-¶ k-Xyw. c@v
hÀ-j-s¯ d-kn-U³-kv hn-k-bn-en-d-§p-¶
H-cmÄ (c@p hÀ-j-¯n-\v ap³-]p X-s¶ Xn-cn-
¨-b-¨ F-{X-tbm t]-cp-sS N-cn-{X-hp-ap@v) C-hn-
sS F-{X-Im-ew \nÂ-¡p-sa-t¶m, C-hn-Sp-s¯
A-h-sâ h-cp-am-\w im-iz-X-am-sW-t¶m H-¶pw
\m-«p-ImÀ-¡-dn-tb@. \m-«n-se-¯p-¶ B-fp-sS
B-Uw-_-c h-kv-Xp-¡-fn-epw, XmÂ-¡m-en-I-am-bn
A-h³ t\-Sn-b k-¼m-Zy-¯n-epw I-®p-sh-¨v
hn-hm-l-Z-Ãm-fp-ImÀ A-h-X-cn-¸n-¡p-¶ tam-ln-
¸n-¡p-¶ I-Y-I-fn a-\w-a-b-§n-bm-Wv ]-e-cpw
C-¯-cw hn-hm-l-_Ô-§-fp-d-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv. Cu
_- Ô - § - f n F- { X- s b- ® w im- i z- X - a m- b n
sh-Åw Nq-Sm-¡m-\p-Å C-e-Iv-
{Sn-Iv tIm-bn F-Sp-¯v _-¡-än-
ep-Å sh-Å-¯n C-«v ]-hÀ
Hm¬ sN-bv-Xv A-Xn \n-¶v
tjm-t¡-äv H-cp kv-{Xo t_m-[-c-ln-
X-bm-bn sX-dn-¨p-ho-Wp. F-´m-
Wv sN-t¿@sX-¶v ho-«p-ImÀ-¡v
H-cp cq-]-hp-an-Ã. Np-äpw Iq-Sn F-Ãm-
h-cpw I-c-bm-\m-cw-`n-¨p. H-cmÄ
I-¼-\n-bn-te-t¡m-Sn-h-¶v Iq-sS
sN-Ãm-\m-h-iy-s¸-«p. A-bm-fp-sS
ap-J-s¯ ]-cn-{`-a-hpw hy-k-\-hpw
I@t¸mÄ F-t´m A-Xym-ln-
Xw t\-cn-«-Xm-sW-¶v R-§-fq-ln-
¨p. H-cmÄ-¡v ]-I-cw aq-¶p \m-ep
t]À Iq-sS sN-¶p.
6 Pq¬ 2020
\nÂ-¡p-sa-¶mÀ-¡-dn-bmw? C-hn-Sp-s¯ k-Xym-
h-Ø F-s¶-¦n-ep-a-dn-bp-t¼mÄ (A-Xm-cpw
]p-d-¯v ]-d-bm-dn-Ã). F-´m-bn-cn-¡pw A-h-Ø?
F-Ãmw A-dn-bp-t¼mÄ A-h-tl-f-\-]m-{X-am-bn
I-gn-tb@n-h-cn-tÃ? AÂ-]w km-¼-¯n-I-ti-jn
t\-Sn-b-hÀ D-¶-X Ip-Spw-_-§-fn \n-¶v hn-hm-
lw sN-bv-Xv D-bÀ-¶ km-aq-ly-_-Ô-§Ä
Øm-]n-s¨-Sp-¡m-\p-Å {i-a-am-Wv \-S-¶p-Im-Wp-
¶-Xv. A-Xv H-cp-]-t£, A-h-sâ D-Ån D-d-§n-
¡n-S-¶n-cp-¶ A-]-IÀ-j-t_m-[w sIm-t@m,
N-hn-«n-sa-Xn-¡-s¸-«n-cp-¶ Po-hn-X-¯n \n-¶v
D-bÀ-¶p-h-cp-t¼mÄ ]qÀ-h-Im-e N-cn-{X-§-tfm-
tSm D-Å ]-I-ho-«-tem B-Imw.
A-\p-_-Ô-am-bn a-säm-cp bp-hm-hn-sâ I-Y
Iq-Sn ]-d-sª-¦n-te I-Y ]qÀ-¯n-bm-Iq. cm-a-
N-{µ-sâ I-Y: (t]-cv hym-Pw) cm-a-N-{µ³ \-t¶
sN-dp-¸-¯n A-Ñ-t\m-sSm-¸w \m-«n IÂ-¸-
Wn-¡v t]m-bn-¯p-S-§n. IÂ-¸-Wn-¡m-cp-sS B
sN-dn-b Ip-Spw-_-¯n-\v Zm-cn-{Zy-¯n-sâ I-Y
am-{X-ta ]-d-bm-\p@m-bn-cp-¶p-Åq. A-Xp-
sIm@v hn-Zym-`ym-kw t\-Sm-\p-Å `m-Kyw
A-bmÄ-¡p@m-bn-Ã. F-¦n-epw KÄ-^n h-¶v
c@p-hÀ-jw I-gn-ª-t¸mÄ A-bm-fpw \m-«nÂ
t]m-bn H-cp hn-hm-lw I-gn-¨p. {]o-Un-{Kn I-gn-
ªv \nÂ-¡p-¶ H-cp s]¬-Ip-«n; km-am-\yw
ku-µ-cy-ap-Å-hÄ. AÂ-]-kzÂ-]w km-¼-¯n-
I-ti-jn-bp-Å Ip-Spw-_w. \m-«n t]m-bn s]-®v
Im-W-epw, I-eym-W-hp-sa-Ãmw \-S-¯n-b-t¸m-tg-
¡pw hn-k-bp-sS Im-em-h-[n Xo-cm-dm-bn. I-jv-
Sn-¨v H-cm-gv-N am-{Xw \o@p-\n-¶ Zm-¼-Xy-_-Ôw
am-{X-ta A-hÀ X-½-nep@m-bp-Åq. ]n-s¶
I-¯p-I-fn Iq-Sn-bm-bn A-h-cp-sS kv-t\-l-hpw
hn-Im-c-{]-I-S-\-§-fpw. F-¶m cm-a-N-{µ-\v
6 Pq¬ 2020
I-¯p-I-sf-gp-Xm-t\m, hm-bn-¡m-t\m A-dn-bn-Ã.
A-Sp-¯ \m-«p-Im-c-\pw, A-bmÄ-¡v hn-iz-kv-X³
F-¶p tXm-¶n-b H-cm-fp-am-bn-cp-¶p I-¯p-IÄ
h-¶m hm-bn-¨p-sIm-Sp-¡p-¶-Xpw, cm-a-N-{µ³
]-d-ªp sIm-Sp-¡p-¶ a-dp-]-Sn F-gp-Xp-¶-Xpw.
H-cp Zn-h-kw a-dp-]-Sn-¡v Xm-sg H-cp Ip-dn-¸v Iq-Sn
F-gp-Xn-t¨À-¯p. F-´m-sW-gp-Xn-b-sX-¶v cm-a-
F-sâ A-`n-{]m-bw tI-«v F-Ãm-h-
cpw s]-s«-¶v i-co-c-¯n C-Sn-¡p-
hm-\pw, i-àn-bm-b aÀ-Zw sN-ep-
¯p-hm-\pw Xp-S-§n. Ip-td t\-cw
I-gn-ª-t¸mÄ kv-{Xo I-®v Xp-d-
¶p. B-Ëm-Z-¯n-sâ \n-an-j-§-
fm-bn-cp-¶p A-Xv. A-t¸m-tg-¡pw
I-¼-\n-bn-se h@n sIm@p-h-¶v
A-h-sc tUm-Iv-S-dp-sS A-Sp-t¯-¡v
sIm@p-t]m-bn. tUm-Iv-S-dpw R-§-
fp-sS {]-hr-¯n-sb A-`n-\-µn-¨p.
H-cp Po-h³ c-£n-¡m³ I-gn-ª-
Xn R-§Ä k-´p-jv-S-cm-Wv.
A-Xn-\p-ti-jw ]-cn-k-c-hm-kn-IÄ-
s¡-Ãmw R-§-tfm-Sv kv-t\-l-hpw
_-lp-am-\-hp-am-Wv. \-µn-kq-N-I-am-
bn A-h-cp-sS kÂ-¡m-cw kzo-I-cn-
¨p-sIm-t@ ]n-s¶ A-hn-sS \n-¶v
t]m-Im³ I-gn-ªp-Åq.
61
N-{µ-\v A-dn-bn-Ã-tÃm? B Ip-dn-¸n-\v cm-a-N-{µ-
s\-gp-Xn-b I-¯n-t\m-sSm-¸w \-µn-kq-N-I-am-bn
a-dp-]-Sn h-¶p. A-§-s\ I-¯p-IÄ ]-e-Xpw
F-gp-Xp-I-bpw, a-dp-]-Sn h-cn-I-bpw sN-bv-Xv I-gn-
ª-t¸mÄ cm-a-N-{µ-sâ `m-cy in-h³-Ip-«n F-¶
B kp-lr-¯n-sâ Im-ap-In-bm-bn-¡-gn-ªn-cp-¶p.
H-cp-\mÄ in-h³-Ip-«n \m-«n-te-¡v t]m-bn.
]n-¶o-S-dn-ª-Xv cm-a-N-{µ-sâ kp-µ-cn-bm-b `m-cy
C-t¸mÄ in-h³-Ip-«n-bp-sS Iq-sS-bm-Wv Xm-a-kw
F-¶m-Wv. cm-a-N-{µ-t\m-sSm-¸w R-§-sf-Ãm-h-cpw
sR-«n! ]-d-ªn-s«-´p ^-ew? cm-a-N-{µ-\n-t¸mÄ
au-\-{h-X-¯n-em-Wv. B-tcm-Spw kw-km-cn-¡n-Ã.
B-sc-bpw hn-iz-kn-¡n-Ã. tPm-en I-gn-ªp-h-
¶m H-cp aq-e-bn Iq-\n-¡q-Sn-bn-cn-¡pw. Iq-Sp-
XÂ k-a-b-hpw a-Zy-]m-\-am-Wv.
""A-hÄ t]m-I-«-sS, \-ap-¡v a-säm-sc-®-
¯n-s\ kw-L-Sn-¸n-¡mw. \o k-am-[m-\-am-bn-cn-
¡v.'' Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-IqÀ `m-j-bn Nn-eÀ A-bm-sf
AÂ-]w ]-cn-lm-k-t¯m-sS k-am-[m-\n-¸n-¡m³
{i-an-¡pw. ]-t£, H-cn-¡Â t]m-epw F-\n-¡-
bm-sf ]-cn-l-kn-¡m-\m-bn-«n-Ã. Xn-I-ª k-lm-
\p-`q-Xn-tbm-sS am-{X-ta F-\n-¡-bm-tfm-Sv kw-
km-cn-¡m³ I-gn-ªn-«p-Åq. KÄ-^p-Im-cp-sS I-Y
A-\-´-am-bn \o-fp-I-bm-Wv. F-{X-sb-{X Zp-c-´
I-Y-I-fm-Wv F-gp-Xn A-dn-bn-¡m-\p-Å-Xv? Hm-tcm
I-Y-bpw F-{X lr-Z-b-t`-Z-I-am-Wv? Hm-tcm I-Y-
bpw tIÄ-¡p-t¼mÄ a-\-Êpw, i-co-c-hpw a-c-hn-¨v
t]m-hp-I-bm-Wv.
62
G-Xm-\pw Zn-h-k-§Ä-¡v ap³-]v C-hn-sS H-cp
a-e-bm-fn ss{U-hÀ-¡v H-c-]-I-Sw ]n-W-ªp.
c@p hÀ-j-t¯m-fw R-§-fp-sS I-¼-\n-bnÂ
ss{U-h-dm-bn tPm-en t\m-¡n-bn-cp-¶-Xm-Wv. hn-
k-bp-sS Im-em-h-[n I-gn-ª-tXm-sS Iq-Sp-XÂ
sa-¨-s¸-« i-¼-f-t¯m-Xp-Å a-säm-cp I-¼-\n-bn-
te-¡v am-dn. km-[-\-§Ä Zp-ss_-bn \n-¶v
KÄ-^p-Im-c-sâ tPm-en-sb-¡p-dn-
t¨m, hn-Zym-`ym-k tbm-Ky-X-sb-¡p-
dn-t¨m, A-h-sâ h-cp-am-\-s¯-¡p-dn-
t¨m, A-h-sâ C-hn-Sp-s¯
\n-e-\nÂ-¸n-s\-¡p-dn-t¨m \m-«p-
ImÀ A-t\z-jn-¡p-¶n-Ã F-¶-
Xm-Wv sR-«n-¡p-¶ k-Xyw. c@v
hÀ-j-s¯ d-kn-U³-kv hn-k-bn-en-
d-§p-¶ H-cmÄ (c@p hÀ-j-¯n-\v
ap³-]p X-s¶ Xn-cn-¨-b-¨ F-{X-tbm
t]-cp-sS N-cn-{X-hp-ap@v) C-hn-
sS F-{X-Im-ew \nÂ-¡p-sa-t¶m,
C-hn-Sp-s¯ A-h-sâ h-cp-am-\w
im-iz-X-am-sW-t¶m H-¶pw \m-«p-
ImÀ-¡-dn-tb@. \m-«n-se-¯p-¶
B-fp-sS B-Uw-_-c h-kv-Xp-¡-fn-
epw, XmÂ-¡m-en-I-am-bn A-h³
t\-Sn-b k-¼m-Zy-¯n-epw I-®p-sh-
¨v hn-hm-l-Z-Ãm-fp-ImÀ A-h-X-cn-¸n-
¡p-¶ tam-ln-¸n-¡p-¶ I-Y-I-fnÂ
a-\w-a-b-§n-bm-Wv ]-e-cpw C-¯-cw
hn-hm-l-_Ô-§-fp-d-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv.
6 Pq¬ 2020
sIm@p-h-cp-¶ {S-¡v ss{U-h-dp-sS tPm-en-bm-Wv
A-hn-sS e-`n-¨-Xv. B-gv-N-bn ap-¶p Zn-h-kw
Zp-_m-bn t]m-bn km-[\ - §
- Ä sIm@p-hc - W
- w.
_m-¡n k-a-bw A-Ã-d Nn-Ã-d Hm-«-hp-am-bn I-gn-
bp-¶-Xn-\n-S-bv-¡v H-cp hm-l-\ A-]-I-S-¯nÂ
H-cp H-am-\n kv-{Xo a-cn-¡m-\n-S-bm-bn. Zp-_m-bnÂ
t]m-bn km-[-\-§-fp-am-bn k-Ôym-k-a-b-¯v
h-cp-¶ h-gn tdm-Uv ap-dn-¨p-I-S-¡p-¶ hr-²-bm-b
B-«n-S-b-bp-sS i-co-c-¯n h@n C-Sn-¡p-I-bm-
bn-cp-¶p. XÂ-£-Ww hr-² a-cn-¨p. hm-l-\
A-]-I-S-¯n B-fp-IÄ a-cn-¡m-\n-S-bm-bmÂ
h-¼n-¨ \-jv-S-]-cn-lm-cw \Â-tI@Xp@v. H-am-
\n ]p-cp-j-·mÀ-¡v B-dm-bn-cw H-am-\n dn-bm-epw,
kv-{Xo-IÄ-¡v A-¿m-bn-cw H-am-\n dn-bm-epw,
hn-tZ-in-IÄ-¡v aq-hm-bn-cw H-am-\n dn-bm-ep-am-Wv
\n-Ý-bn-¨n-«p-Å-Xv. taÂ-¸-d-ª kw-Jy hm-l-
\ D-S-a-tbm, ss{U-h-tdm \Â-Im³ X-¿m-dm-
bm ]-d-b-¯-¡ \n-b-a-\-S-]-Sn-I-sfm-¶p-an-Ãm-
sX Ip-ä-hn-ap-à-am-¡pw. A-Ãm-¯-]-£w A-©p
hÀ-jw P-bnÂ-hm-k-am-Wv in-£. ss{U-h-sd
]n-Sn-¨v P-bn-en A-S-¨p. Xp-I sI-«n-sh-¡m³
kv-t]m¬-kÀ X-¿m-dm-b-Xp-an-Ã. Ip-äw sN-bv-X-
Xv ss{U-h-dm-sW-¶pw, in-£ A-\p-`-hn-¡p-
I-tbm, Xp-I sI-«n-sh-¡p-I-tbm sN-t¿@Xv
A-bm-fm-sW-¶pw ]-d-ªv kv-t]m¬-kÀ H-gn-
ªp-am-dn. H-«p-h-f-sc \nÀ-_-Ô-§Ä-¡p ti-jw
aq-hm-bn-cw dn-bm ss{U-hÀ X-¶m _m-¡n
Xp-I A-tbm-sf-Sp-¡m-sa-¶v kv-t]m¬-kÀ k-½-
6 Pq¬ 2020
Xn-¨p. A-§-s\ a-e-bm-fn-I-sf-Ãmw Iq-Sn aq-hm-
bn-cw dn-bm kw-L-Sn-¸n-¡m³ X-¿m-dm-bn.
Xp-Ñ-am-b h-cp-am-\-ap-Å ss{U-hÀ-¡v C-{X-bpw
Xp-I \Â-Im-\m-hn-Ã. P-bnÂ-in-£ A-\p-`-
hn-¡p-I-tb I-c-Wo-b-am-bn-«p-Åq. a-e-bm-fn kp-
lr-¯p-¡Ä Hm-tcm I-¼-\n-bn-epw I-b-dn-bn-d-§n
A-bmÄ-¡v th@n ]-Ww ti-J-cn-¨p. c@m-gv-N-
¡v ti-jw ss{U-hÀ P-bn tam-Nn-X\ - m-hp-Ib
- pw
sN-bv-Xp. H-am-\n-I-fm-sW-¦n H-t¶m c-t@m
Zn-h-k-§Ä-¡-Iw Xp-I sI-«n-sh-¨v ]p-d-¯n-d-
§pw. P-bn-en In-S-¡m-\-hÀ-¡v H-«pw XmÂ-]-
cy-an-Ã. F-{X t]-sc sIm-¶m-epw A-¿m-bn-c-tam,
B-dm-bn-c-tam sI-«n-sh-¡m-\p@m-bm H-cp
a-Wn-¡qÀ t]m-epw P-bn in-£ A-\p-`-hn-t¡
@n-h-cn-Ã. \-½p-sS \m-«n-te-Xp-t]m-se tIm-S-Xn-
bpw tI-kp-am-bn I-b-dn-bn-d-t§@Xp-an-Ã. C-hn-
sS Ip-ä-hm-fn in-£ A-\p-`-hn-t¨ ]-äq. A-Ãm-
¯-]-£w \-jv-S-]-cn-lm-cw \Â-In c-£-s¸-Smw.
F-´m-bm-epw H-cm-gv-N-¡-Iw am-\y-am-b ]-cn-lm-
c-ap@m-Ipw. tIm-S-Xn h-cm-´ I-b-dn-bn-d-§n
H-cp P-·w Xp-e-t¡@Xn-Ã. \-½p-sS \m-«n-se
tI-kp-I-fp-sS Im-e-Xm-a-kw-aq-ew b-YmÀ-°
Ip-ä-hm-fn c-£-s¸-Sp-I-bpw, Ip-ä-Ir-Xy-¯n-\n-c-
bm-b-hÀ AÀ-l-am-b \-jv-S-]-cn-lm-cw e-`n-¡m-
sX-bpw h-cp-¶ ZuÀ-`m-Ky-I-c-am-b A-h-Ø-bm-
Wv \n-e-hn-ep-Å-Xv. "B-bn-cw Ip-ä-hm-fn-IÄ
c-£-s¸-«m-epw H-cp \n-c-]-cm-[n in-£n-¡-s¸-S-
cp-Xv' F-¶ ]-cn-]m-h-\-am-b X-Xzw ]-W-kzm-[o-
Zp-_m-bn t]m-bn km-[-\-
§-fp-am-bn k-Ôym-k-a-b-¯v
h-cp-¶ h-gn tdm-Uv ap-dn-¨p-I-S-
¡p-¶ hr-²-bm-b B-«n-S-b-bp-
sS i-co-c-¯n h@n C-Sn-¡p-I-
bm-bn-cp-¶p. XÂ-£-Ww hr-²
a-cn-¨p. hm-l-\ A-]-I-S-¯nÂ
B-fp-IÄ a-cn-¡m-\n-S-bm-bmÂ
h-¼n-¨ \-jv-S-]-cn-lm-cw \Â-
tI@Xp@v. H-am-\n ]p-cp-j-·mÀ-
¡v B-dm-bn-cw H-am-\n dn-bm-epw,
kv-{Xo-IÄ-¡v A-¿m-bn-cw H-am-\n
dn-bm-epw, hn-tZ-in-IÄ-¡v aq-hm-
bn-cw H-am-\n dn-bm-ep-am-Wv \n-Ý-
bn-¨n-«p-Å-Xv.
\-tam, cm-jv-{So-b kzm-[o-\-tam h-¡o-e-·m-cp-sS
hm-Iv-Nm-Xp-cn-tbm sIm@v G-sX-Ãmw co-Xn-bnÂ
am-än-a-dn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p?! A-h-km-\w Ip-ä-Ir-Xy-¯n-
\v C-c-bm-b-hÀ-¡v [-\-\-jv-S-hpw am-\-lm-\n-bpw
\n-cm-i-bpw ^-ew!!
(Xp-Scpw)
63
A-¸p-¡p-«³ h-Ån-¡p-¶v

]p -Xn-b sIm-tdm-Wm a-lm-am-cn-bp-sS

I-gn-ª A-©p am-k-s¯ N-cn-{X-
¯n h-gn-¯n-cn-hm-Ip-I-bm-Wv Pq¬
3. ]p-Xn-b sIm-tdm-W-bp-sS {]-`-h-tI-{µ-am-bn-cp-¶
ssN-\-bn-se hp-lm³ \-K-cw tIm-hn-Uv kp-c-
£n-X \-K-c-am-bn _p-[-\m-gv-N ssN-\ {]-Jym-
]n-¨p.
sIm-tdm-W _m-[n-¨-Xn-s\ Xp-SÀ-¶v ssN-\-bv-
¡p ]n-d-sI amÀ-¨v 9\v A-S-¨p-]q-«n-b B-Zy bq-
tdm-]y³ cm-Py-am-b C-ä-en \n-b-{´-W-§Ä \o-¡n
A-´m-cm-jv-{S A-XnÀ-¯n Xp-d-¶-Xpw A-tX Zn-h-
kw.
F-´p tIm-hn-Uv, G-Xp tIm-hn-Uv F-¶v B-Zyw
]p-Ñn-¨p \-S-¶ {]-kn-Uâ v {Sw-]n-sâ A-ta-cn-¡-
sb X-sâ a-c-W-¸-«n-I-bn tIm-hn-Uv-þ19 C-t¸m-gpw

temIcm-jv{Sobs¯
]nfÀ¡p¶ sshdkv- 8

sImtdmWm
{]Xntcm[¯nse
c@p amXrIIÄ
ssN\bnsebpw {_koensebpw `cWm[nImcnIÄ
sImtdmW sshdkns\ t\cn«sX§s\sb¶v
hniZam¡p¶p.

64 6 Pq¬ 2020 6 Pq¬ 2020

65

N§mXnbpw injy\pw: {Sw]ns\m¸w t_mÄskm\mtcm
H-¶mw Øm-\-¯v \nÀ-¯n-bn-cn-¡-bm-Wv. A-hn-
sS \n-¶v sX-¡³ A-ta-cn-¡-bn-se {_-ko-enÂ
I-S-¶p-sN-¶ sIm-tdm-W Pq¬ 3\v B cm-
Py-s¯ tem-I-]-«n-I-bn c@mw Øm-\-¯p-
X-s¶ \nÀ-¯n. {_-ko-en tcm-Kw _m-[n-¨-h-
cp-sS F-®w 526447. a-cn-¨-hÀ 29937. A-ta-cn
-¡-bn C-Xp-h-sc sIm-tdm-W _m-[n-¨-h-cp-sS
F-®w 1798330. a-cn-¨-hÀ 105008. C-´y-bnÂ
tcm-Kw _m-[n-¨-hÀ 207615. a-cn-¨-hÀ 6642.
F-¶m ssN-\-bn tcm-Kw _m-[n-¨-hÀ 84602.
a-cn-¨-Xv 4645 t]À.
hp-lm-\n ]p-Xn-b sIm-tdm-Wm-tcm-Kw (tIm-
hn-Uv-þ19) hp-lm³ tZ-io-b ssh-tdm-f-Pn C³-
Ìn-äyq-«n-se im-kv-{X-ÚÀ Xn-cn-¨-dn-ª-Xv
P-\p-h-cn 3\m-Wv. A-Xv hp-lm-\n-epw lp-s_
kw-Øm-\-¯pw A-Xn-th-Kw ]-SÀ-¶p-]n-Sn-¡-sh
hp-lm-\n hn-tZ-i-¯p-\n-¶v B-fp-IÄ cm-]-IÂ
h-¶p-t]m-Ip-¶p@m-bn-cp-¶p. tem-I-¯n-se h³
B-[p-\n-I hy-h-km-b \-K-c-§-fn H-¶m-b hp-
lm³ F-¶ t]-cv s]-s«-¶v `-b-¯n-sâ ]-cym-b-
am-bn am-dn.
""hp-lm³ C-\n kp-c-£n-X-am-Wv. ssN-\-bp-sS
a-tä-Xv \-K-c-s¯-bpw t]m-se''þ sIm-tdm-W-bv-
s¡-Xn-cm-b t]m-cm-«-¯n-sâ ap³-]-´n-bnÂ
\n-e-sIm@ ]-IÀ-¨-hym-[n kw-_-Ôn-¨ {]-K-Û
ssN-\o-kv im-kv-{X-Ú A-dn-bn-¨p. A-Xv ssN-
\-bv-¡m-sI B-ß-hn-izm-kw ]-IÀ-¶-t¸mÄ
tem-I-¯m-sI 379941 a-\p-jy-Po-h³ F-Sp-¡p-I-
bpw 6287771 tcm-Kn-I-sf kr-jv-Sn-¡p-I-bpw sN-
66
bv-X tIm-hn-Un-s\-Xn-sc s]m-cp-Xp-¶ tem-I-P-
\-X-bv-¡v ]p-Xn-b {]-Xo-£ \Â-Ip-¶ hm
À-¯-bm-bn.
ssN-\ C-sX-§-s\ km-[n-¨p? A-ta-cn-¡-
¡pw em-än-\-ta-cn-¡-bn-se G-ä-hpw h-en-b cm-
""hp-lm³ C-\n kp-c-£n-X-am-Wv.
ssN-\-bp-sS a-tä-Xv \-K-c-s¯-
bpw t]m-se''þ sIm-tdm-W-bv-
s¡-Xn-cm-b t]m-cm-«-¯n-sâ
ap³-]-´n-bn \n-e-sIm@
]-IÀ-¨-hym-[n kw-_-Ôn-¨ {]-
K-Û ssN-\o-kv im-kv-{X-Ú
A-dn-bn-¨p. A-Xv ssN-\-bv-¡m-
sI B-ß-hn-izm-kw ]-IÀ-¶-
t¸mÄ tem-I-¯m-sI 379941
a-\p-jy-Po-h³ F-Sp-¡p-I-bpw
6287771 tcm-Kn-I-sf kr-jv-Sn-¡p-
I-bpw sN-bv-X tIm-hn-Un-s\-Xn-
sc s]m-cp-Xp-¶ tem-I-P-\-X-bv-
¡v ]p-Xn-b {]-Xo-£ \Â-Ip-¶
hmÀ-¯-bm-bn.
6 Pq¬ 2020
jv-{S-am-b {_-ko-en-\pw C-\n-bpw C-sX-´p-
sIm@v ssI- h - c n- ¡ m- \ m- b n- Ã ? Pq¬ 3
tem-I-¯n-\p ap-¼n D-bÀ-¯p-¶ {]-k-à-am-b
tNm-Zy-am-W-Xv. ]p-Xn-b sIm-tdm-Wm a-lm-am-cn
tem-I-s¯ hn-gp-§m³ {i-an-¨-t¸mÄ A-Xn-sâ
N-§-e X-IÀ-¡m³ hn-hn-[ cm-jv-{S-§-fn-se
`-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-IÄ {i-an-¨p. A-Xn A-hÀ
kzo-I-cn-¨ cm-jv-{So-b \-b-hpw k-ao-]-\-hp-am-Wv
Cu A-h-Ø kr-jv-Sn-¨-Xv.
C-Xn-\p ap-¼p@m-b a-lm-am-cn-I-fn \n-¶v
hy-Xy-kv-X-am-bn-cp-¶p ]p-Xn-b sIm-tdm-Wm
ssh-d-kv. A-Xn-sâ th-K-hpw a-\p-jy-hw-i-s¯
B-{I-an-¡p-¶ co-Xn-bpw am-{X-a-Ã \-h-þ-D-Zm-co-
Ir-X-þ-km-¼-¯n-I hy-h-Ø-bp-sS A-Øn-hm-cw
X-s¶ B-Zy-am-bn X-IÀ-¯ a-lm-am-cn-bm-Wv
tIm-hn-Uv-þ19. A-Xn-s\ t\-cn-« cm-jv-{So-b-þ-\-b-
hy-Xym-k-sa-´v F-¶-Xv a-\-Ên-em-I-W-sa-¦nÂ
{]-tXy-I a-cp-¶n-sâ A-`m-h-¯n-epw sIm-tdm-
W-sb ssI-¸n-Sn-bn-sem-Xp-¡m³ ssN-\-bv-¡p
I-gn-ª-Xpw C-\n-bpw A-Xn-\p I-gn-bm-sX N-cn-
{X- ¯ n- s e a- l m Zp- c - ´ - a m- ¡ n ap- t ¶m- « p
t]m-tI@n-h-cp-¶ {_-ko-en-sâ `-c-W-þ-cm-jv-
{So-b \-b-hpw tNÀ-¯p ]-cn-tim-[n-¨m a-Xn.
b-YmÀ-°-¯n sIm-tdm-Wm a-lm-am-cn-bp-sS
B-tKm-f hym-]-\ hn-h-cw Xn-cn-¨-dn-ªv P-\-§-
sf B-Zyw X-s¶ Pm-{K-X-s¸-Sp-¯n-b cm-Py-am-
Wv {_-koÂ. G-Xp \n-an-j-hpw `o-j-Wn {]-Xo-
£n- ¡ m- s a- ¶ v P- \ p- h - c n 28\v a- { ´m- e - b w
A-dn-bn-¨n-cp-¶p. k-ao-]-Im-e-¯v hp-lm³ k-µÀ-
in-¨p a-S-§n-b an-\m-kv sP-sd-bv-kv (Minas
Gerais) F-¶ hn-ZymÀ-°n-\n-¡v izm-k-tIm-i
kw-_-Ô-am-b tcm-K-e-£-W-§Ä I@p.
{_-ko-en-se a-äp c@p Ø-e-§-fnÂ-¡q-Sn
A-Sp-¯ Zn-h-k-§-fn tcm-K-e-£-W-§Ä
D-Å-h-sc I-s@¯n. {_-ko B-tcm-Ky-a-{´n
eq-bn-kv sl³-dn-Iv a³-tU-ä (Luiz Henrique
Mandetta) Im- ¯ p- \ n- ¶ n- Ã . {_- k o- e nÂ
s]m-Xp B-tcm-Ky A-Sn-b-´-cm-h-Ø {]-Jym-
]n-¨p. c@p Zn-h-k-¯n-\p-Ån c@p hn-am-\-
§Ä A-b-¨v hp-lm-\n D@m-bn-cp-¶ 34 {_-
]«mfw \bn¡p¶ a{´nk`: {_ko a{´nk`mwK§Ä
6 Pq¬ 2020
b-YmÀ-°-¯n sIm-tdm-Wm a-lm-
am-cn-bp-sS B-tKm-f hym-]-\ hn-h-
cw Xn-cn-¨-dn-ªv P-\-§-sf B-Zyw
X-s¶ Pm-{K-X-s¸-Sp-¯n-b cm-Py-
am-Wv {_-koÂ. G-Xp \n-an-j-hpw
`o-j-Wn {]-Xo-£n-¡m-sa-¶v P-\p-h-
cn 28\v a-{´m-e-bw A-dn-bn-¨n-cp-¶p.
k-ao-]-Im-e-¯v hp-lm³ k-µÀ-in-
¨p a-S-§n-b an-\m-kv sP-sd-bv-kv
(Minas Gerais) F-¶ hn-ZymÀ-°n-
\n-¡v izm-k-tIm-i kw-_-Ô-am-b
tcm-K-e-£-W-§Ä I@p. {_-ko-
en-se a-äp c@p Ø-e-§-fnÂ-¡q-Sn
A-Sp-¯ Zn-h-k-§-fn tcm-K-e-
£-W-§Ä D-Å-h-sc I-s@¯n.
{_-ko B-tcm-Ky-a-{´n eq-bn-kv
sl³-dn-Iv a³-tU-ä (Luiz Hen-
rique Mandetta) Im-¯p-\n-¶n-Ã.
{_-ko-en s]m-Xp B-tcm-Ky A-Sn-
b-´-cm-h-Ø {]-Jym-]n-¨p.
ko ]u-c-·m-sc Xn-cn-¨p-sIm@p-h-¶p. cm-
Py-s¯ hn-am-\-¯m-h-f-§-fn hn-tZ-i-¯p
\n-¶p h-¶n-d-§p-¶ bm-{X-¡m-sc kÀ-¡mÀ
sN-e-hn 14 Zn-h-kw Izm-d-ssâ-\n sh-¡-W-
sa-¶v eq-bn-kv a³-tU-ä IÀ-i-\-am-b D-¯-c-hv
]p-d-s¸-Sp-hn-¨p.
sIm-tdm-W-bv-s¡-Xn-sc B-tcm-Ky-a-{´n eq-
bn-kv a³-tU-ä kzo-I-cn-¡p-¶ A-Xn Pm-{K-X-bpw
{]-Xn-tcm-[ \-S-]-Sn-I-fpw H-cmÄ-¡v ]n-Sn-¨n-Ã.
{]-kn-Uâ v sP-bnÀ t_mÄ-k-\m-tcm-bv-¡v. "D-jv-
W-ta-J-e-bn-se {Sw-]v' F-¶v em-än-\-ta-cn-¡³
am-[y-a-§Ä hn-ti-jn-¸n-¡p-¶ B-fm-Wv {]-kn-
67
Uâ v t_mÄ-k-\m-tcm. \-S-¸n-epw kw-km-c-¯n-
epw B-i-b-§-fn-epw \-b-§-fn-epw {]-kn-Uâ v
{Sw-]n-sâ hn-\o-X hn-iz-kv-X in-jy³.
2018se sX-c-sª-Sp-¸v h-sc cm-jv-{So-b-¯nÂ
C-Ãm-Xn-cp-¶ ap³ ]-«m-f Iym-]v-ä³ B-bn-cp-¶p
t_mÄ-k-\m-tcm. A-hn-iz-k-\o-b-am-bm-Wv {]-kn-
Uâm-bn sX-c-sª-Sp-¡-s¸-«-Xv. {_-ko-en-se
i-à-am-b C-S-Xp-]-£-hpw h-e-Xp-]-£-hpw
X-½n sX-c-sª-Sp-¸n A-Xn-cq-£-am-bn G-äp-
ap-«n-b-t¸mÄ A-[n-Im-c-¯n I-S-¶p-Iq-Sp-I-bm-
bn-cp-¶p. 2014se sX-c-sª-Sp-¸n C-´y-bnÂ
tam-Zn hn-P-bn-¨-Xp-t]m-se. C-´y-bn F-¶
-t]m-se `-c-W-I-£n-s¡-Xn-cm-b H-cp h-en-b
A-gn-a-Xn-t¡-kn-sâ A-]-hm-Z-hpw \n-e-\n-¶n-
cp-¶p. H-cp h-e-Xp-]-£ ]mÀ-«n-bm-b tkm-jyÂ
en-_-d ]mÀ-«n-bp-sS Øm-\mÀ-°n-bm-bn a-Õ-
cn-¨ t_mÄ-k-\m-tcm C-S-Xp-þ-h-e-Xv {[p-ho-I-c-
W-¯n-\n-S-bn P-bn-¨p I-b-dn. D-S³ X-s¶
hn-P-bn-¸n-¨ ]mÀ-«n-sb D-t]-£n-¨v ssk-\n-I
t\-Xr-Xz-hp-am-bn k-Jy-ap@m-¡n. H-¼-Xv ap³
tk-\m D-tZym-K-Ø-sc 12 Aw-K a-{´n-k-`-bnÂ
sIm-tdm-W-bv-s¡-Xn-sc B-tcm-Ky-
a-{´n eq-bn-kv a³-tU-ä kzo-I-cn-
¡p-¶ A-Xn Pm-{K-X-bpw {]-Xn-
tcm-[ \-S-]-Sn-I-fpw H-cmÄ-¡v
]n-Sn-¨n-Ã. {]-kn-Uâ v sP-bnÀ
t_mÄ-k-\m-tcm-bv-¡v. "D-jv-W-
ta-J-e-bn-se {Sw-]v ' F-¶v em-än-\-
ta-cn-¡³ am-[y-a-§Ä hn-ti-jn-
¸n-¡p-¶ B-fm-Wv {]-kn-Uâ v
t_mÄ-k-\m-tcm. \-S-¸n-epw kw-
km-c-¯n-epw B-i-b-§-fn-epw
\-b-§-fn-epw {]-kn-Uâ v {Sw-
]n-sâ hn-\o-X hn-iz-kv-X in-jy³.
2018se sX-c-sª-Sp-¸v h-sc cm-
jv-{So-b-¯n C-Ãm-Xn-cp-¶ ap³
]-«m-f Iym-]v-ä³ B-bn-cp-¶p
t_mÄ-k-\m-tcm.

Xncn¨b¨ BtcmKya{´n: eqbnkv sl³dnIv am³tUä

DÄ-s¸-Sp-¯n.
B-a-tkm¬ a-g-¡m-Sp-IÄ sh-«n-sh-fp¸n-¡p-
¶-h-cpw hw-io-b Xo-{h-hm-Zn-I-fpw a-äpw {]-kn-
Uân-sâ k-Jy I-£n-I-fm-bn.
""sIm-tdm-W-bv-¡p a-cp-¶n-Ã. A-Xv A-Xn-sâ
h-gn-¡p t]m-Ipw''þ tcm-K ]-cn-tim-[-\-bv-¡pw
{]-Xn-tcm-[ sN-e-hp-IÄ-¡pw A-S-¨p-]q-«Â GÀ-
s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xn-\pw F-Xn-sc {]-kn-Uâ v t_mÄ-
k-\m-tcm ]-c-ky-am-bn {]-Nm-c-Ww \-S-¯n.
cm-Py-¯n-sâ DÂ-]m-Z-\w X-IÀ-¡p-I-bm-sW-¶v
B-t£-]n-¨p. km-aq-ln-I A-I-ew ]m-en-¡-W-
sa-¶ B-tcm-Ky-a-{´m-e-b-¯n-sâ D-¯-c-hv
A-\p-bm-bn-I-sf cw-K-¯n-d-¡n Im-än ]-d-¯n.
C-Xn-s\ F-XnÀ-¯ B-tcm-Ky-a-{´n eq-bn-
kn-s\ ]n-cn-¨p-hn-Sp-sa-¶v ap-¶-dn-bn-¸v \Â-In.
s]-s«-¶v hm-jnw-Kv-S-Wn {Sw-]n-s\ k-µÀ-in-¨v
\n-b-{´-W-§fnse cm-a³: en sIIzn-bmMn
cmPnsh¨ BtcmKya{´n: Nelson Teich
Xn-cn-s¨-¯n-b t_mÄ-k-\m-tcm B-tcm-Ky-a-{´n
eq-bn-kn-s\ ]n-cn-¨p-hn-«p.
]-I-cw \n-b-an-¨ a-{´n s\Â-k-\pw sa-bv
15\v cm-Pn-sh-¨v H-gn-tb@n-h-¶p, {Sw-]v tLm-
jn-¡p-¶ ssl-t{Um-Iv-kn³ t¢m-tdm-Izn³
t]m-se im-kv-{Xo-b-am-bn sX-fn-bn-¡m-¯ a-cp-
¶p-IÄ tIm-hn-Uv tcm-Kn-IÄ-¡v \Â-Im³ hn-
k-½-Xn-¨-Xn-\v. ]-I-cw ap³ ]-«m-f P-\-dÂ
F-UzmÀ-tUm (Eduardo)s\ Np-a-X-e GÂ-¸n-
¨n-cn-¡bm-Wv. C-hÀ-¡p ap-¼v {]-kn-Uân-sâ
C-S-s]-S-en {]-Xn-tj-[n-¨v \o-Xn-\ym-b-h-Ip-¸n-
se a-{´n tam-tdm-bpw cm-Pn-sh-¨n-cp-¶p. Cu
`-c-W ssh-cp-[y-§Ä-¡n-S-bn-em-Wv {_-ko-enÂ
sIm-tdm-Wm ssh-d-kv I-¯n-¡-b-dp-¶-Xv. C
-\n-bpw A-Xv ssh-d-kv hym-]-\-¯n-sâ sIm-Sp-
ap-Sn-bn-te-¡v F-¯n-bn-«n-sÃ-¶m-Wv G-sd _-lp-
am-\n-¡-s¸-Sp-¶ an-Kz \n-t¡m-te-en-kn-s\
t]m-ep-Å {]-ap-J im-kv-{X-ÚÀ Nq@n-¡m-«p-
¶-Xv. a-lm-am-cn-s¡-Xn-cm-bn {]-Xn-tcm-[w XoÀ-
¡m³ {i-an-¡p-¶ K-hÀ-WÀ-amÀ-¡pw ta-bÀ-¡p-
sa- X n- s c {]- k n- U â n- s â A- \ p- b m- b n- I Ä
ap-{Zm-hm-Iy-hpw {]-I-S-\-hp-am-bn I-S-¶m-{I-a-Ww
\-S-¯p-¶ hn-Nn-{X Im-gv-N-I-fm-Wv {_-ko-enÂ
D-Å-Xv. ar-X-tZ-l-§Ä Ip-¶p-Iq-Sn-b-t¸mÄ i-h-
s¸-«n In-«m-¯ A-h-Ø t]m-epw {_-ko-enÂ
D@m-bn. B-a-tkm¬ Im-Sp-I-fn t]m-epw
i-h-kw-kv-Im-cw \-S-t¯@ Øn-Xn-bpw.
C-Xn \n-¶v XoÀ-¯pw hy-Xy-kv-X-am-Wv
ssN-\-bn \-S-¶ sIm-tdm-W-bv-s¡-Xn-cm-b
{]-Xn-tcm-[ t]m-cm-«w. sIm-tdm-W I-s@¯n-b-
Xp kw-_-Ôn-¨ Hu-tZym-Kn-I dn-t¸mÀ-«n-\p ap-¼v
D@m-b `-c-W-ho-gv-N-I-fpw sX-äp-I-fpw F-s´m-
H-cp h-e-Xp-]-£ ]mÀ-«n-bm-b tkm-
jy en-_-d ]mÀ-«n-bp-sS Øm-
\mÀ-°n-bm-bn a-Õ-cn-¨ t_mÄ-k-
\m-tcm C-S-Xp-þ-h-e-Xv {[p-ho-I-c-W-
¯n-\n-S-bn P-bn-¨pI-b-dn. D-S³
X-s¶ hn-P-bn-¸n-¨ ]mÀ-«n-sb D-t]-
£n-¨v ssk-\n-I t\-Xr-Xz-hp-am-bn
k-Jy-ap@m-¡n. H-¼-Xv ap³ tk-\m
D-tZym-K-Ø-sc 12 Aw-K a-{´n-k-`-
bn DÄ-s¸-Sp-¯n. B-a-tkm¬
a-g-¡m-Sp-IÄ sh-«n-sh-fp¸n-¡p-¶-
h-cpw hw-io-b Xo-{h-hm-Zn-I-fpw a-äpw
{]-kn-Uâ n-sâ k-Jy I-£n-I-fm-bn.
""sIm-tdm-W-bv-¡p a-cp-¶n-Ã. A-Xv
A-Xn-sâ h-gn-¡p t]m-Ipw''þ tcm-K
]-cn-tim-[-\-bv-¡pw {]-Xn-tcm-[ sN-
e-hp-IÄ-¡pw A-S-¨p-]q-«Â GÀ-
s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xn-\pw F-Xn-sc {]-kn-
Uâ v t_mÄ-k-\m-tcm ]-c-ky-am-bn
{]-Nm-c-Ww \-S-¯n.

68 6 Pq¬ 2020 6 Pq¬ 2020

69

Xo I¯p¶ Batkm¬ ImSpIÄ: {]knUâ v t_mÄskm\mtcmbpsS A\pbmbnIfpsS {]IS\w
s¡-bm-bm-epw.
P-\p-h-cn 20\v ssN-\-bn sam-¯w 224 sIm-
tdm-Wm tI-kp-I-fm-Wv dn-t¸mÀ-«v sN-bv-X-Xv.
C-Xn 217 F-®w Øn-co-I-cn-¨-Xn 198Dw hp-
lm-\n-em-bn-cp-¶p.
A-¶p-X-s¶ {]-kn-Uâ v ko Pn³-]n-Mv tcm-
K-]-IÀ-¨ X-S-bm-\pw \n-b-{´n-¡m-\pw D-¯-c-hn-
«p. ssN-\o-kv dn-¸-»n-Iv Øm-]n-¨-Xn-\p-ti-jw
t\-cn-Sp-¶ G-ä-hpw Kp-cp-X-c-am-b s]m-Xp-P-\m-
tcm-Ky A-Sn-b-´-cm-h-Ø-bm-Wv C-Xv. ssh-d-kv
cm-Py-¯m-sI A-Xn-th-Kw ]-I-cpw-þ {]-kn-Uâ v
Nq@n-¡m-«n. tcm-Kw X-S-bp-¶-Xn-\pw \n-b-{´n-
¡p-¶-Xn-\p-ap-Å {]-hÀ-¯-\-¯n-sâ t\-Xr-Xzw
Xm³ hy-àn-]-c-am-bn G-sä-Sp-¯n-cn-¡p-I-bm-
sW-¶v A-t±-lw A-dn-bn-¨p. P-\p-h-cn 25\v
ssN-\-bn-se G-ä-hpw D-¶-X-cp-sS tbm-Kw hn-fn-
¨p tNÀ-¯p. ssN-\o-kv kÀ-¡m-dn-s\ kw-_-
Ôn-¨n-S-t¯m-fw P-\-§-fp-sS kp-c-£n-X-Xz-hpw
B-tcm-Ky-hp-am-Wv H-¶m-a-s¯ hn-j-bw. C-¶p-
ap-XÂ cm-Py-¯n-sâ ap-¼n-ep-Å {]-[m-\ {]-hÀ-
¯-\w a-lm-am-cn \n-b-{´n-¡-epw X-S-b-ep-am-Wv.
t]m-cm-«w hn-P-bn-¸n-¡p-sa-¶p-Å B-ß-hn-izm-
70
{Sw-]v tLm-jn-¡p-¶ ssl-t{Um-
Iv-kn³ t¢m-tdm-Izn³ t]m-se
im-kv-{Xo-b-am-bn sX-fn-bn-¡m-¯
a-cp-¶p-IÄ tIm-hn-Uv tcm-Kn-IÄ-
¡v \Â-Im³ hn-k-½-Xn-¨-Xn-\v.
]-I-cw ap³ ]-«m-f P-\-dÂ
F-UzmÀ-tUm (Eduardo)s\
Np-a-X-e GÂ-¸n-¨n-cn-¡-
bm-Wv. C-hÀ-¡p ap-¼v {]-kn-
Uâ n-sâ C-S-s]-S-en {]-Xn-tj-
[n-¨v \o-Xn-\ym-b-h-Ip-¸n-se a-{´n
tam-tdm-bpw cm-Pn-sh-¨n-cp-¶p.
Cu `-c-W ssh-cp-[y-§Ä-¡n-S-
bn-em-Wv {_-ko-en sIm-tdm-
Wm ssh-d-kv I-¯n-¡-b-dp-¶-Xv.
6 Pq¬ 2020
kw A-t±-lw tbm-K-¯n A-dn-bn-¨p. Xp-SÀ-¶v
]-IÀ-¨-hym-[n X-S-bm-\pw \n-b-{´n-¡m-\p-ap-Å
B-dv A-Sn-b-´-c D-¶-X-X-e tbm-K-§Ä 40 Zn-
h-k-§Ä-¡p-Ån hn-fn-¨p tNÀ-¯p. tI-{µ
an-en-ä-dn I-½o-j-sâ A-[y-£³ Iq-Sn-bm-b
{]-kn-Uâ v ko Pn³-]n-Mv 1400 ssk-\n-I sa-
Un-¡Â D-tZym-K-Ø-sc hp-lm-\n-se lyp-sj³-
jm³ (Huoshenshan) B-ip-]-{Xn-bn-te-¡v
tcm-Kn-I-sf ]-cn-N-cn-¡m³ s^-{_p-h-cn 3\v
\n-tbm-Kn-¨p. A-Xp t]m-sc-¶p I@v 2600 ssk-
\n-I-þ-B-tcm-Ky {]-hÀ-¯-I-sc-bpw A-h-sc
k-lm-bn-¡m-\-b-¨p. cm-Py-¯n-sâ a-äp `m-K-§-
fn \n-¶m-bn 40000 B-tcm-Ky {]-hÀ-¯-I-sc
lp-s_ kw-Øm-\-t¯-¡p \n-tbm-Kn-¨p.
C-Xn-s\m-s¡ ]p-d-sa hp-lm-\n tI-{µo-I-
cn-¨v Cu {]-Xn-tcm-[ {]-hÀ-¯-\-§-sf G-tIm-
]n-¸n-¡m³ ssN-\o-kv `-c-W-¯-e-h-·m-cnÂ
c@m-a-\m-b {]-[m-\-a-{´n en sI-Izn-bm-Mn (Li
Keqiang)s\ A-b-¨p. kn Pn³-]n-Mv _o-Pnw-
Mn tIm-hn-Uv-þ19 X-S-bp-¶-Xn-\pw \n-b-{´n-¡p-
¶-Xn-\p-ap-Å {]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä t\-cn ]-cn-
tim-[n-¨p. tIm-hn-Uv-þ19\v F-Xn-cm-b bp-²w
hn-P-bn-¡m-\p-Å Xm-t¡m hp-lm-\m-Wv. hp-
6 Pq¬ 2020
lm³ P-bn-¨m lp-s_ P-bn-¡pw. lp-s_
P-bn-¨m cm-Py-am-sI hn-P-bn-¡pw. A-t±-lw
_o-Pn-Mn-se an-en-ä-dn sa-Un-¡Â k-b³-k-kpw
{]-kn-² A-¡m-Z-an-I ]-Wv-Un-X³ sN³-ho
(Chenvei) bp-sS t\-Xr-Xz-¯n-ep-Å K-th-j-W
So-an-s\-bpw I@p kw-km-cn-¨p. A-Xn-th-Kw
tIm-hn-Un-s\-Xn-cm-b hm-Iv-kn³ I-s@¯p-¶-
Xn-\p-Å {]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä Xp-S-cm³ B-h-iy-s¸-
«p. K-th-j-W-¯n kp-{]-[m-\-am-b t\-«-§Ä
ssI-h-cn-¨p I-gn-sª-¶pw A-Xn-th-Kw tIm-hn-
Uv-þ19\p-Å hm-Iv-kn³ ¢n-\n-¡Â D-]-tbm-K-¯n-
\v X-§Ä \Â-Ip-sa-¶pw K-th-j-I-kw-Lw
D-d-¸p-\Â-In.
sIm-tdm-Wm a-lm-am-cn B-tcm-Ky-{]-iv-\w
am-{X-a-sÃ-¶v ko Pn³-]n-Mv Nq@n-¡m-«n. k-aq-
l-¯n-epw km-¼-¯n-I A-h-Ø-bn-epw {]-Xym-
Lm-X-§Ä Kp-cp-X-c-am-Wv. ssN-\-bp-sS hn-I-
k- \ w ZoÀ- L - I m- e Im- g v - N - ¸ m- t Sm- s S- b pw
_r-l-¯pw ssh-cp-[ym-ß-I-am-bpw Im-tW@
Xp-s@¶v {]-kn-Uâ v ko Pn³-]n-Mv hy-à-am-
¡n. ]n-¶o-Sv hp-lm³ k-µÀ-in-¨ {]-kn-Uâ v
ko F-Ãm hn-`m-Kw {]-hÀ-¯-I-cp-am-bpw NÀ-¨
\-S-¯n. ]-IÀ-¨-hym-[n X-S-bp-¶-tXm-sSm-¸w cm-
Py-¯n-sâ DÂ-]m-Z-\w hÀ-[n-¸n-t¡@Xp-s@¶v
t_m-[y-s¸-Sp-¯n. \mw hn-izm-k-t¯m-sS H-¶n-
¨p {]-hÀ-¯n-¡p-I-bpw hy-à-am-b \-b-§Ä
im-kv-{Xo-b-am-bn \-S-¸m-¡p-I-bpw sN-bv-XmÂ
a-lm-am-cn X-S-bm³ I-gn-bpw. A-Xn-s\-Xn-sc \
mw hn-P-bn-¡p-I X-s¶ sN-¿pw. ko B-hÀ-¯n-
¨p ]-d-ªp.
2800 e-£w tUm-fÀ sN-e-hp-sN-bv-Xv hp-lm³
\-K-c-¯n-se H-cp tIm-Sn-tbm-fw h-cp-¶ \n-hm-
kn-I-sf sIm-tdm-Wm ]-cn-tim-[-\-bv-¡v hn-t[-
b-am-¡m³ ssN-\o-kv A-[n-Ir-XÀ-¡p I-gn-ªp.
A-h-cn 206 t]À-¡v am-{X-am-Wv tcm-K-e-£-W-
§Ä I-s@¯n-b-Xv. A-Xm-I-s« a-äp-Å-h-cn-te-
¡v ]-I-cp-¶ e-£-W-§-f-sÃ-¶pw t_m-[y-s¸-
«p.
76 Zn-h-k-s¯ A-S-¨p-]q-«-en-\p-ti-jw Xp-d-
¶p {]-hÀ-¯n-¨ hp-lm³ \-K-c-¯n Nn-eÀ-¡v
tcm-K-_m-[ I@n-cp-¶p. c@m-a-Xpw tcm-K-hym-
]-\w s]m-«n-¸p-d-s¸-Sp-I-bm-tWm F-¶ P-\-§-
fp-sS `o-Xn C-Ãm-Xm-¡m-\m-Wv In-S-¸p-tcm-Kn-I-f-
S-¡w Hm-tcm-cp-¯-sc-bpw sS-Ìn-\p hn-t[-b-am-
¡n-b-Xv. sIm-tdm-W-bv-s¡-Xn-sc a-säm-cp cm-Py-
¯pw sN-¿m³ I-gn-bm-¯ ]-cn-tim-[-\-bm-Wv
hp-lm³ \nÀ-h-ln-¨-Xv.
cm-jv-{So-b {]-Xn-_-²-X-bp-sS-bpw km-t¦-Xn-I
hn-Zy-bp-sS an-I-hn-sâ-bpw k-½n-{i ^-e-sa-¶m-
Wv tem-Im-tcm-Ky hn-Z-Kv-[À Cu t\-«-s¯ hn-
ti-jn-¸n-¨-Xv. ssN-\-sb tem-I-¯v hy-Xy-kv-X-
am-¡p-¶-Xpw C-Xp-X-s¶.
C- X m- W v sIm- t dm- W m a- l m- a m- c n- b p- s S
{]-`-h-tI-{µ-am-bn-cp-¶ ssN-\-bp-sS `-c-W-t\-
Xr-Xzw kzo-I-cn-¨ h-gn-bpw C-t¸mÄ sIm-tdm-Wm
a-lm-am-cn-bp-sS {]-`-h-tI-{µ-am-bn XoÀ-¶n-«p-Å
{_-ko-en-sâ `-c-W am-Xr-I-bpw X-½n-ep-Å hy-
Xym-kw.
71
 IhnX

{]Zo]v cma\m«pIc

ImapI³
Hcp \nanjwt]mepw
AhÄ
shdpsXbncn¡p¶nÃ.
X¡w ]mÀs¯mcmÄ
Im¯ncn¸ps@¶v
Adnbp¶Xpt]mse...

{]mÀ°n¨psIm@v
Fgpt¶Â¡p¶Xn\m tPymXn A\q]v

IhnX
Dd¡¯n\pw DWÀhn\panSbnÂ
Hcn©p Øewt]mepanÃ

ASp¡fbnÂ

\S¶p
ASp¸nt\mSpw ]m{X§tfmSpw
Ieln¨p XpS§nbm ]ns¶
t\m¡@
Nmb, ]elmcw, tNmdv

t]mIp¶p
ho@pw Nmb, ho@pw ]elmcw, ho@pwtNmdv
ho@pw... ho@pw... ho@pw...
AXn\nSbnÂ
`À¯mhns\ kvt\ln¡p¶p
tPmen¡v t]mIp¶p
Ip«nIsfbq«p¶p.
N¡ ]dn¡p¶p
skÂ^nsbSp¡p¶p
P\me XpS¡p¶p
Hcp IhnX \S¶pt]mIp¶p
ap¶neqsS.....!
apäaSn¡p¶p I®n Iůcw ]SÀ¶ \oena
Irjn sN¿p¶p DÅn {]Wbw \ndª {]im´X
hmSvkm¸n Nmäp¶p A[ctimWnabn Npw_\¯nWÀ¸v
t^kv _p¡n sse¡p¶p... _p²abqcn ]q¼mäbmbv
]qhn³ sNSnbn ]d¶nd§n
Nmªpw sNcnªpw t\m¡n CSnsh«n¸q \ndbpw t]mse
Hcmfncn¸ps@¶ \nd§sfÃmw hmcn¯qIn
a\Ênsâ t_mK¬ hnà ImSpIÄ tXSn
Dd¸nemWtÃm AhÄ Hcp IhnX \S¶p t]mIp¶p....!
icocan§s\
kab¯n\v
apdn¨psImSp¡p¶Xv.

72 6 Pq¬ 2020 6 Pq¬ 2020

73
APnXv ]n.Fkv IY
Nn{Xo-I-cWw: kPohv Iog-cnbqÀ
Xn ®¸cn]mSn F¶hm¡nsâ
AÀ°adnbm³ sNs¶¯nbXv
knwl¯nsâ aSbnÂ. s{]m^.
AeIvkmt{Um {KnKdn ]pjvIn³
{]`mXkhmcn¡v ImÂkcmbnbpw
tIm¸pambn Cd§nb thfbnemWv sN¶v
s]«Xv.
""Xn®anSp¡v F¶v ]dbntÃ, AXv
Xs¶.. Xn®bn InS¶v N«¼n¯cw
ImWn¡p¶Xpw aäpw..''
kµÀ`w hniZoIcn¨v Bibw
hyàam¡nb Kabn ]pjvIn³ Imep
Ih¨v \SXpS§n. D¯c¯nÂ
Xncp¸XnbmImsX Xncn¨nd§n
tdmUvapdn¨vIS¶v tkmasâ X«pISbo¶v
Nmb IpSn¨p. Xn®bn Iq«wIqSnbmÂ
s]meokv ]nSn¡pw¶v ]dªv IqSn\n¶
hjf·mÀ Zqsc \o§nb hmtd tkma³ ]
dªp:
""A¸p¡p«tâw Hmat\tSw aI³
]pcpjphmbncp¶p. ]{Xmkv h¶m¸ns¶
Kkän sImSp¯v t]cv amänbXmWv.''
Xncnªpt\m¡nb¸w DÅXpw Xs¶..
knwl¯nsâ aS \s¨eosS hmgnt]mse
Npcp§n ImWs¸«p.
74
""s{]m^kÀamtcmSv tNmZn¡p¶
kab¯v hà Cd¨nsh«pImct\mSpw
tNmZn¨m Ffp¸w ]Tn¡mw kmtd.''
¶v X«pIS¡mc³ ]dªt¸m shÅnSn
sh«n. Im«mf\mb hym[s\ HmÀah¶p.
]@v]@v {InkvXphn\v F{Xtbm BC
ap³]v bphtImaf\mb kw\ymkn
hShr£¨ph«nencp¶v [ym\n¡pIbpw
Snbmsâ Xebn Im¡ XqdpIbpw £n{]
tIm]nbmb Snbm³ X]iànbmÀ¶
I®pIfm Imt¡sS t\À¡v tekÀ
sseäSn¡pIbpw 11 K V bn ImäSn¨
t]mse Im¡ sh´v Idp¯pt]mhpIbpw
D@mbXv HmÀah¶p.
]@s¯ kw\ymknamÀ
]£nIsft¸mse hnXbv¡pItbm
sIm¿pItbm If¸pcIfnÂ
tiJcn¡pItbm sN¿mdnÃ. hÃh\pw
\«phfÀ¯nbXv At§m«v t]mbn
Xn¶pItbbpÅq. (C¶msW¦nÂ
B{ia¯n Ccp¶m aXn. ]qhv, Ahnev,
]gw, {Zhyw, kzÀ®w, aZyw, a[pcm£n
FÃmw At§m«v sN¶v tIdns¡mSp¡pw.
If¸pc \ndªpIhnªv kznkv_m¦v
hscsb¯pw.)
bphtImaf\mb ap\n IyXyw H¶p
6 Pq¬ 2020 6 Pq¬ 2020
75
]¯n\v [ym\¯n \n¶pWÀ¶v
""`n£mwtZln'' F¶v DZocWw sNbvXv
sXm«Sp¯ A½nWosS ho«nÂ
sNs¶¦nepw ]pÅn¡mcn sI«ntbm\v
tNmdpw I¸bpw IcphmSpw ap«s]mcn¨Xpw
sImSp¡p¶ Xnc¡n 20 an\n«v IgnªmWv
DZocWt¯mSv {]XnIcn¨Xv. tNmdpw
]¸Shpw ]pfntÈcnbpw D¸nen«Xpambn
hcm³ sshInbXv tImaf\v £ ]nSn¨nÃ.
Xn¶pIfbpw F¶ `mh¯n A½nWosS
IrjvWaWnbnte¡v BKvt\bmkv{Xw
sXmSp¯p.
""\n§fv t\m¡nbm Icnªpt]mIm³
Rm³ Im¡sbm¶paÃ.''
A½nWn \mKmkv{Xab¨p. A´ntbmfw
Gembn¡nS¶v Du¸mSpw ]X¸mSpw h¶
A[zm\n¡v sImSp¯n«v kabw In«p¼tg
]WnIgnªv IÅvjm¸v, AhnS¶v
hvfm¯¦c caWnsS hoSv, ]ns¶
kz´w hoSv (ssZh¯n\pÅXv
ssZh¯n\pw kokdn\pÅXv
kokdn\pw) AXmWv Xsâ kvssäÂ
F¶pw hÃXpw ]Tn¡Wsa¦n ]
WnØe¯v AknÌâmbn IqsS
\nÂt¡@XmsW¶pw hym[³
Adnbn¨p. HuNnXy¡mc\v Bh
iyanÃtÃm ¶pÅ alXv hN\w
HmÀ¯v kw\ymkn k½Xw aqfn.
\ns¶t¸mepÅ "hmbnt¸mbn'¡v Xcq.
thWsa¦n Nmdn ap¡n \¡nbm aXn.
A½nWn IenXpÅn. ]n¡me¯v
temIkpµcnbmsW¶pw sshZyimkv{X
`mjbn Reproductive Agems¶¶pw
sXän²cn¨phimb 90 Ignª InfhnIÄ
fbbn CSm\ncn¡p¶ t]mse ""là ]
ns¶'' Fs¶mcv B«pw.
amap\n InSpInSm hnd¨p. Im¡bpsS
IcnbÀ clkyw Úm\ZrãnbnÂI@
A½nWn Úmt\izcnbmb
hmIvtZhnbpsS AhXmcamsW¶v \n\¨v
ASnbs\ injy\m¡Wsa¶v tIWp.
]Tn¸ocv \½psS Dept. Asöpw TTC
bpw BEdDw Ignªn«pw B ]Wn¡v
t]mtI@ KXntISv h¶n«nsöpw
Adnbn¨ A½nWn A{X hminbmsW¦nÂ
hS¡v hnÚm\]pc¯pÅ hym[³ F¶p
76
t]cmb ]qÀhImapIs\
Kpcphm¡mhp¶XmsW¶pw ]dªv
IXIS¨v ]nÞwsh¨p.
hSt¡m«pÅ BZys¯ h@nIbdn
hnÚm\]pcw PObnse¯n t]mÌvam\v
]¯p cq] sImSp¯v hnemkw a\Ênem¡n
B \m«n hym[³ F¶ t]cpÅ GI
hyànXz¯n\p ap¼n ]mªSns¨¯n.
XpWnbpcnª \nebn tKmamXmhnt\bpw
sI«nbht\bpw I¼nbn Xq¡nbn«v
ae¸pdw I¯nbpambn ]pfnap«n X_e
hmbn¡p¶ Cd¨nsh«pImcs\ I@v
tKmLv\\msb¯nb kw\ymkn¡v Hm¡m\
hpw hfnbpw h¶p.
Cd¨osS ]cn]mSn Ignªv sshIp
t¶cw Ipfow tXhmtcmw Ignªv
kÔym\ma¯n\ncn¡p¼w \ap¡v C¯ncn
{SnItWmsa{Sn ¢msÊSp¡mtam¶v
kw\ymkn Bcmªp.
]WnIgnªv IÅvjm¸v, AhnS¶v
hvfm¯¦c caWnsS hoSv, ]ns¶ kz´w
hoSv (ssZh¯n\pÅXv ssZh¯n\pw
kokdn\pÅXv kokdn\pw) AXmWv Xsâ
kvssä F¶pw hÃXpw ]Tn¡Wsa¦nÂ
]WnØe¯v AknÌâmbn IqsS
\nÂt¡@XmsW¶pw hym[³ Adnbn¨p.
HuNnXy¡mc\v BhiyanÃtÃm ¶pÅ
alXv hN\w HmÀ¯v kw\ymkn k½Xw
aqfn.
Ichmfm Im«pt]m¯ns\ I_
Ôam¡p¶Xp I@v Icphmfn¨ IÀatbmKn
""Kptcm Alnwk ]m]atÃ.''¶v Icªp.
""sIm¶m ]m]w Xn¶m Xocpw'' ¶v
Kpcp.
cmPm¡·mcpw ]ptcmlnX·mcpw Xn¶m³
th@nbÃmsX F{X t]tcbmWv sIm¶v
XÅnbXv?
F¶v adpIc¨n Icªp.
""\mw izkn¡pt¼mÄ tImSm\ptImSn
kq£vaPohnIÄ aq¡nepw hmbnepw IqsS
Ibdn hbänse¯n sslt{Umt¢mdnIv
BknUn hoWv hbdp s]m«n
N¯p t]mIp¶ntÃ?''
adp]Snbnsöv I@v ASp¯
tNmZysadnªp.
""\mw \S¶p t]mIpt¼mÄ F{Xtbm
Ipªp{]mWnIsf Nhn«ns¡mÃp¶p.
sX§nsâ {`qWs¯btà \mw
tX§sb¶pw ]dªv NX¨v
F®bm¡p¶Xv?''
injy³ ^vfmämsb¶v I@ Kpcp I¯n
Xmsgsh¨v sX§nsâ a@bnencn¡p¶
IgpIs\ sNIªv t\m¡nbtijw
samgnªp;
""AXnPoh\w lnwkmßIamWv injym''
Cu ]©v UbtemtKmsS {SnItWmsa{Sn
]qÀ¯nbm¡n ssk³ Xoäbpw tImkv
Xoäbpw Ignªv tImgn¯oä Xn¶p¶
Ip¡pS¯nsâ Igp¯v sRcn¨p.
6 Pq¬ 2020 6 Pq¬ 2020
77
 NmbIpSn¨v XoÀ¶ apdbv¡v »m¡v
Bâ v sshäv ^vfmjv_m¡n \n¶pw
Xncp¼n h¶ Rm³ X«pIS tkma\v
]¯pcq] sImSp¯v _m¡n ]ns¶ aXo¶v
]dªv tat¡m«v \S¶p. (kz]v\¯nÂ
I@ hym[³ alm`mcX¯nsehnsStbm
"hym[KoX' FgpXnbn«ps@¶v FtXm
kmdv Ft¶m ]dª HmÀabn ]pcmWnIv
F³sskt¢m]oUnb sXcsª¦nepw
I@nÃ. sh«wamWo¶v ]dbp¶ alm\v
hnZzms\ th@{X ]cnNbansöv
tXm¶p¶p.)
Xn®¸cn]mSnbpsS AÀ°w tXSn\S¶v
ImepIg¨v j«À ]mXnbS¨ \nebnÂ
ImWs¸« At´mWosS
Acn¡S¯n®bn Ip¯ncn¡m\mªXpw
At´mWn XSp¯p.
""Ccn¡tà kmtd C¶se Hcp {`m´³
h¶v 1000 cq] tNmZn¨p. sImSp¡m¯Xn\v
Ah³ cm{Xn Xn®apgph³ Xqdnsh¨n«v
C\n e£yw ImWmsX Fhns-
Sbpw Ccns¡@¶pd¸n¨v Nm\
ephmcw \qsc \S¶v Iep¦v
Xncnªv Ipgn¸Åt¯m«v NmSn
Cd¨nsh«pImc³ aWn¨sâ
ho«nse¯n. hmäpNmcm-
bap@m¡m³ Ipf¯nÂ
sI«n¯m¯nbncp¶ tImS
FIvsskkpImÀ s]m¡nbXnsâ
hyk\¯n aWn¨³ ho«nÂ
Xs¶ Ccn¸p@mbncp¶p.
t]mbn. Rm³ Hcp aWn¡qdmbn
NIncow temj\pambn IgpIns¡m
@ncn¡phm... IgpthdosS tam³!''
C\n e£yw ImWmsX FhnsSbpw
Ccns¡@¶pd¸n¨v Nm\ephmcw \qsc
\S¶v Iep¦v Xncnªv Ipgn¸Åt¯m«v
NmSn Cd¨nsh«pImc³ aWn¨sâ
ho«nse¯n. hmäpNmcmbap@m¡m³
Ipf¯n sI«n¯m¯nbncp¶ tImS
FIvsskkpImÀ s]m¡nbXnsâ
hyk\¯n aWn¨³ ho«n Xs¶
Ccn¸p@mbncp¶p.
""Ght\m HänbXm kmtd ...
Xn®¸cn]mSn ImWn¡m³ FIvssk
kvImcv ]t@ anSp¡·mcm....
C¶msfmcv saUn¡Â d¸nt\mSv ss\
78
{Smsk¸mw KpfnI In«ptam¶v
tNmZn¡WtI«p.''
""AhÀs¡´n\m ss\{Smsk¸mw''
""]dbmw kmtd ss\{Smsk]mw
cs@®w hngp§nbm \meSn¨ Xcn¸v
In«pw..Pbn¸pÅnIsf ImWm³ t]mW
Iq«pImÀ s]mSn ]nÅIÄ IpSn¡W
c@pcqt]sS kn¸¸nsâ Iq«n\I¯v
]¯ncp]Xv KpfnIbn«v dºÀ _mân«v
sI«n aeZzmc¯n sh¨v sIm@vsImSp
¡pw.''
""AXpicn.. ]t£
FIvsskkpImÀs¡´n\m ss\{Sm
sk]mw?''
""shÅaSn¨v hgo¡nS¡W GsX¦nepw
A¸mhosS t]m¡än KpfnIsh¨v
Ahsâ¶v ]nSns¨¶pw ]dªv
tIskSp¡pw. {]tamj\pw saUepw
In«pw!''
""CXns\bmtWmtS Xn®¸cn]mSo¶v
]dbp¶Xv?''
""]n¶ÃmsX, Du¡³ Xn®¸cn
]mSnIftà tNmc IpSnb·mÀ sN¿p¶Xv!''
""Rms\mcp Imcyw ]dªm \o
Nncn¡pthm?''
""]d kmtd ]d, Cu hdpXn¡me¯v
Nncn¡m¼äym ]pWytÃ?''
""Rm³ Xn®¸cn]mSn F¶ hm¡nsâ
AÀ°w ]Tn¡m³ Cd§nbXmWv.''
""F¶m hmkmtd.. \ap¡v
Im«nt¸mhmw.''
""Im«nt¸mbn«v F´n\m?''
""ImSpw ImWmw ]Tnt¡w sN¿mw..
`mKyaps@¦n Ihn AtimI³
adbqcnt\w ]cnNbs¸Smw.''
\S¶p \S¶v Im«nse¯n. Hcp
GdpamS¯n henªpIbdn ss_
t\m¡peÀ ^näv sNbvXp. Zqsc cmPmhmb
knwlw ]md¸pd¯ncp¶v
almamcnsb¡pdn¨v Im«pPohnItfmSv
hniZoIcn¡bmWv.
""Bcpw ImSphn«v ]pd¯v t]mIcpXv.
a\pjy·mcv Xn§n\ndª Øe§fnÂ
GtXm IqXd AWp ]SÀ¶v ]nSn¨ncn
¡bmWv. eh³amscÃmw ]pgp¡sf
t¸mse N¯p ae¡pIbmWv.
A¨mb·mÀ I¸ \«nS¯v t]mbn¡f
bmsa¶v FsX¦nepw s]cp¨mgn
IcpXp¶ps@¦n Ahsc Im«pamÀPmc
s]meokv th@hn[w ssIImcyw sN¿pw.
\n§Ä¡v th@ I¸ a{´n ISph¨mÀ
\n§fpsS amf§fn F¯n¡p¶XmWv.
\m«nse ]pgbn shÅw IpSn¡mdpÅ
B\IÄ¡v th@ shÅw Im«cphnbnÂ
\n¶v e`yam¡p¶p@v. \m«o¶v
]d¶ph¶ IgpI·msc {]tXyIw
ASbmfs¸Sp¯nb acs¡m¼n 14
Znhkw ]mÀ¸n¡p¶XmWv.''
6 Pq¬ 2020 6 Pq¬ 2020
79
 tX³, hndIv, I©mhv CXymZn
ASn¨pamäm³ \m«n \n¶p h¶v
Im«nÂs¸«pt]mb a\pjyÀ¡v th@
klmbw sN¿m³ AhcpsS `mj a\
Ênemhp¶ hm\cssk\y¯n\v cq]w
sImSp¯n«p@v.
CsXms¡ tI«v FÃm arK§fpw
I¿Sn¡pIbpw I®oÀ hmÀ¡pIbpw
sNbvXp. Akqbbpw Ipip¼pw aq¯
No¦®n s]m«¡nWän InS¶v
sNfnshÅw sXdn¸n¡pIbpw ]¶n¯o«w
hmcn ]md¸pdt¯bv¡v FdnbpIbpw
sNbvXp.
Iim¸pImc³ aWn¨³ Fs¶ H¶p
am´n.
""It@m It@m B ]¶n sN¿p¶

Acn¡tSsS Xn®bn B {`m´³

sNbvXXpw Xn®¸cn]mSnbmbncp
¶tÃmt¶mÀ¯v ImSnd§nh¶v
aWn¨sâ ho«n\Sps¯¯nbt¸mÄ
s]mcnª ]Åphnfn. aWn¨sâ
s]m@m«n kpawKe apSnbpw
ap@pagn¨v AgnªmSp¶p. sIm-
Sp§Ãqsc {]kmZw H«pw IpdbnÃ.
aWn¨s\ I@Xpw AhÀ Hcp ap«
DbÀ¯n¡m«n;

It@m .. CXns\bmWv Xn®¸cn]mSn F¶v

]dbp¶Xv.''
Acn¡tSsS Xn®bn B {`m´³
sNbvXXpw Xn®¸cn]mSnbmbncp
¶tÃmt¶mÀ¯v ImSnd§nh¶v aWn¨sâ
ho«n\Sps¯¯nbt¸mÄ s]mcnª ]
Åphnfn. aWn¨sâ s]m@m«n kpawKe
apSnbpw ap@pagn¨v AgnªmSp¶p.
sImSp§Ãqsc {]kmZw H«pw IpdbnÃ.
aWn¨s\ I@Xpw AhÀ Hcp ap«
DbÀ¯n¡m«n;
""I@m aWn¨m®m Cu AdphmWn
hmk´n sam«bnev sImt«sS ]tSmw hc¨v
F´tcm Ip\pIp\m FgpXn¨v \½psS
shfbn Ipgn¨nt«¨v t]mbn.. ChfpsS
Xn®¸cn]mSn C¶t¯msS Rm³ XoÀ¡pw.
Cd§nhmSo ... sStamtf..!

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81
 sse{_dn
agb¯v tXmcm\n«Xv Ac§v
{ioP thWptKm]m PbcmPv am\§¯v
sskIXw _pIvkv, {]`mXv _pIvlukv,
tImXawKew Xncph\´]pcw
hne: 100 cq] hne: 240 cq]
emfnXyw sIm@pw \mSI Ac§pIfnÂ
BhnjvImc¯nsâ an¶n¯nf§p¶ s{]m^
A\mbmkX sIm@pw jWÂ \So\S·mcpsS
{it²bamb IYIÄ. PohnX¯nte¡v {]Imiw
IhÀ: {Inkv {Km^nIvkv sNmcnbp¶ t\mhÂ.
IhÀ: cmtPjv Iaep

InfnIÄ ]mdp¶ hgn c@¯mWn¡mcsâ

Nndbn³Iogv cm[mIrjvW³ HmÀa¡pdn¸pIÄ
Henhv ]»nt¡j³kv tUm. lwk A©pap¡nÂ
hne: 75 cq] ag¯pÅn ]»nt¡j³kv,
hÀWNmcpXbmÀ¶ \hy ae¸pdw
kµÀ`§fpsS IhnXIÄ. hne: 120 cq]
IhÀ: \njm³ ]n¶n« PohnX hgnIfnte¡v
Hcp Xncnªpt\m«w \
S¯p¶ IrXn.
IhÀ: AjvIÀ \pkvdn

AtUmÄ^v lnäveÀ ZeaÀ½cw

cmP³ XpÆmc tXmakv t]mÄ
]qÀW ]»nt¡j³kv, sbkv{]kv _pIvkv, s]
tImgnt¡mSv cp¼mhqÀ
hne: 220 cq] hne: 50 cq]
temIP\X `bt¯msS arZphpw kpKÔ]qcnXhpamb
Bcm[n¨ lnävedpsS Imhy§Ä.
\madnbm¯ clky§Ä. IhÀ: kpPnXv N{µ³
IhÀ: tXUv sF

Xn¦fmgvN ]dbmw hncÂs¨mcp¡v

Achnµm£³ sIm¶¡Â Aiz\n.F.]n
abqcw ]»nt¡j³kv, ag¯pÅn ]»nt¡j³kv,
tImgnt¡mSv ae¸pdw
hne: 60 cq] hne: 50 cq]
an\n¡YIfpsS KW¯n {]Wb¯nsâbpw
Ccn¸nSw t\Sp¶ IYIfpsS kzmX{´y¯nsâbpw
kamlmcw. dn¸»n¡pIÄ hn`mh\w
IhÀ: C³kv]ntdj³kv sN¿p¶ IhnXIÄ.
IhÀ: A\n hchnf

Printed and Published by P.K.K Bava for The Muslim Printing and Publishing Co. Ltd., Kozhikode at Chandrika Press, Y.M.C.A. Road, Kozhikode - 673 001.
Editor: C.P. Saidalavi. (Editor Responsible for selection of contents under PRB Act)

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