Design of an Earth Retaining Structure using EC7

Type of retaining wall = Front face inclined cantilever

Height of backfill to be retained = 3.33 m
Allowable bearing pressure of soil = 163 kN/m2
Surcharge load = 10 kN/m2
Unit weight of concrete = 25 kN/m3
Assume water table is at H/3 distance from the base of the retaining wall.
Ignore any passive resistance from the soil in front of the wall.

Soil parameters
Back fill
3
Saturated unit weight ( gsat ) = 20 kN/m
Effective cohesion ( C' ) = 0 kPa
Effective angle of internal friction ( f' ) = 32

Existing soil (For Navg = 14.67)

3
Saturated unit weight ( gsat ) = 20 kN/m
Effective cohesion ( C' ) = 15 kPa
Effective angle of internal friction ( f' ) = 31.8

Assumed dimensions of the retaining wall

a = 0.3 m

h=3m
H = 3.33 m

c = 0.4 m
b = 0.6 m d=1m

t = 0.33 m

B=2m
According to Rankine's theory,

GW1 GW3 PA PD

+ +
H/3 PB
GW2 PC PE

PF

According to EC7,
a) GEO limit state - Overturning check

Design approach 1 - Combination 1 (A1 + M1 + R1)

g G,dst = 1.35 g G,stb = 1.0
g Q,dst = 1.5 g f' = 1.0
g C' = 1.0

Design materials properties

f'd = tan-1(tanf'k/gf')
C'd = C'k/g'c

For backfill,
f'd = tan-1(tan /1.0)
= 32 °
C'd = 0 kPa

For existing soil,

tan (tan /1.0)
-1
f'd =
= 31.8 °
C'd = 15 kPa

For concrete cast against soil, design value of wall fricion, dd = 1.0 x fcv,d

From Fig. C1.1 (Annex C of EC7 1997-1): Coefficient Ka of active earth pressure
with horizontal retained surface (β=0)
For backfill,
Ka = 0.25

Design actions

Self weight of the wall (G,stb)

Gw1,d = (0.5x(0.3+0.4)x3)x25x1.0
= 26.250 kN/m
Gw2,d = (2x0.33)x25x1.0 = 16.500 kN/m
Soil on heel (G,stb)
Gw3,d = (1x3)x20x1.0 = 60.000 kN/m

Thrust from active lateral earth pressure (G,dstb)

PA,d = 0.5x(0.25x20x3.33)x3.33x(4/9)x1.35
= 16.633 kN/m
PB,d = 0.25x(20-9.81)x(2/3)x3.33x(3.33/3)x1.35
= 8.475 kN/m
PC,d = 0.5x0.25x(20-9.81)x1.11x1.11x1.35
= 2.119 kN/m

Lateral thrust from surcharge (Q,dstb)

PD,d = (0.25x3.33x10)x1.5
= 12.488 kN/m

Water pressure and uplift forces (G,dstrb)

PE,d = 0.5x(9.81x1.11)x1.11x1.35
= 8.159 kN/m
PF,d = 0.5x(9.81x1.11)x2x1.35
= 14.700 kN/m

Design effect of actions and design resistance

Magnitude Lever arm Moment

Action
(kN/m) (m) (kNm)/m
Stabilizing
Gw1,d 26.250 0.824 21.630
Gw2,d 16.500 1.000 16.500
Gw3,d 60.000 1.500 90.000
Total stabilizing moment 128.130
Destabilizing
PA,d 16.633 1.850 30.772
PB,d 8.475 0.555 4.703
PC,d 2.119 0.370 0.784
PD,d 12.488 1.665 20.792
 PE,d 8.159 0.370 3.019
PF,d 14.700 1.333 19.600
Total destabilizing moment 79.670

Overdesign factor (t) = Mstb

Mdstb
= 128.130
79.670
= 1.608 > 1

Hence the design is okay for Overturning under DA1 C1.

Design approach 1 - Combination 2 (A2 + M2 + R1)

g G,dst = 1.0 g G,stb = 1.0
g Q,dst = 1.3 g f' = 1.25
g C' = 1.25

Design materials properties

f'd = tan-1(tanf'k/gf')
C'd = C'k/g'c

For backfill,
f'd = tan-1(tan /1.25)
= 
C'd = 0 kPa

For existing soil,

f'd = tan-1(tan /1.25)
= 
C'd = 12 kPa

For backfill,
Ka = 0.31

Design actions

Self weight of the wall (G,stb)

Gw1,d = (0.5x(0.3+0.4)x3)x25x1.0
= 26.250 kN/m
Gw2,d = (2x0.33)x25x1.0 = 16.500 kN/m
Soil on heel (G,stb)
Gw3,d = (1x3)x20x1.0 = 60.000 kN/m

Thrust from active lateral earth pressure (G,dstb)

PA,d = 0.5x0.31x20x(4/9)x3.33x3.33
= 15.278 kN/m
PB,d = 0.31x(20-9.81)x(2/3)x3.33x(3.33/3)
 = 7.784 kN/m
PC,d = 0.5x0.31x(20-9.81)x1.11x1.11
= 1.946 kN/m

Lateral thrust from surcharge (Q,dstb)

PD,d = (0.31x3.33x10)x1.3
= 13.420 kN/m

Water pressure and uplift forces (G,dstb)

PE,d = 0.5x(9.81x1.11)x3.33
= 6.043 kN/m
PF,d = 0.5x(9.81x1.11)x2
= 10.889 kN/m

Design effect of actions and design resistance

Magnitude Lever arm Moment

Action
(kN/m) (m) (kNm)/m
Stabilizing
Gw1,d 26.250 0.824 21.630
Gw2,d 16.500 1.000 16.500
Gw3,d 60.000 1.500 90.000
Total stabilizing moment 128.130
Destabilizing
PA,d 15.278 1.850 28.264
PB,d 7.784 0.555 4.320
PC,d 1.946 0.370 0.720
PD,d 13.420 1.665 22.344
PE,d 6.043 0.370 2.236
PF,d 10.889 1.333 14.519
Total destabilizing moment 72.404

Overdesign factor (t) = Mstb

Mdstb

= 128.130
72.404
= 1.770 > 1

Hence the design is okay for Overturning using DA1 C2.

b) GEO limit state - Sliding

Design approach 1 - Combination 1 (A1 + M1 + R1)

As previuosly found,
For backfill,
f'd = 32 °
 C'd = 0 kPa
Ka = 0.25
For existing soil,
f'd = 31.8 °
C'd = 20 kPa

Design actions

Self weight of the wall (G,stb)

Gw1,d = (0.5x(0.4+0.3)x3)x25x1.0
= 26.250 kN/m
Gw2,d = (2x0.33)x25x1.0 = 16.500 kN/m
Soil on heel (G,stb)
Gw3,d = (1x3)x20x1.0 = 60.000 kN/m

Thrust from active lateral earth pressure (G,dstb)

PA,d = 0.5x(0.25x20x3.33)x3.33x(4/9)x1.35
= 16.633 kN/m
PB,d = 0.25x(20-9.81)x(2/3)x3.33x(3.33/3)x1.35
= 8.475 kN/m
PC,d = 0.5x0.25x(20-9.81)x1.11x1.11x1.35
= 2.119 kN/m

Lateral thrust from surcharge (Q,dstb)

PD,d = (0.25x3.33x10)x1.5
= 12.488 kN/m

Water pressure and uplift forces (G,dstrb)

PE,d = 0.5x(9.81x1.11)x1.11x1.35
= 8.159 kN/m
PF,d = 0.5x(9.81x1.11)x2x1.35
= 14.700 kN/m

Total horizontal thrust = PA,d + PB,d + PC,d + PD,d + PE,d

= 47.873 kN/m

Design resistance = a + Rv,d x tan d

For concrete cast against soil, design value of wall fricion, dd = 1.0 x fcv,d = 31.8
a = C'd x B

EN 1997-1 , 6.5.3 (10),

Any effective cohesion c' should be neglected.
Hence,
a = 0
Design resistance = Rv,d x tan d
 Rv,d = (Gw1,d + Gw2,d + Gw3,d) - PF,d
= 88.050 kN/m

Overdesign factor (t) = Design resistance

Total horizontal thrust
= 1.140 > 1

Hence the design is okay for Sliding under DA1 C1.

Design approach 1 - Combination 2 (A2 + M2 + R1)

As previuosly found,
For backfill,
f'd = tan-1(tan /1.25)
=  °
C'd = 0 kPa

For existing soil,

f'd = tan-1(tan /1.25)
=  °
C'd = 12 kPa

Design actions

Self weight of the wall (G,stb)

Gw1,d = (0.5x(0.3+0.4)x3)x25x1.0
= 26.250 kN/m
Gw2,d = (2x0.33)x25x1.0 = 16.500 kN/m
Soil on heel (G,stb)
Gw3,d = (1x3)x20x1.0 = 60.000 kN/m

Thrust from active lateral earth pressure (G,dstb)

PA,d = 0.5x0.31x20x(4/9)x3.33x3.33
= 15.278 kN/m
PB,d = 0.31x(20-9.81)x(2/3)x3.33x(3.33/3)
= 7.784 kN/m
PC,d = 0.5x0.31x(20-9.81)x1.11x1.11
= 1.946 kN/m

Lateral thrust from surcharge (Q,dstb)

PD,d = (0.31x3.33x10)x1.3
= 13.420 kN/m

Water pressure and uplift forces (G,dstb)

PE,d = 0.5x(9.81x1.11)x3.33
= 6.043 kN/m
PF,d = 0.5x(9.81x1.11)x2
= 10.889 kN/m
Total horizontal thrust = PA,d + PB,d + PC,d + PD,d + PE,d
= 44.472 kN/m

Rv,d = (Gw1,d + Gw2,d + Gw3,d) - PF,d

= 91.861 kN/m

Overdesign factor (t) = Design resistance

Total horizontal thrust
= 1.024 > 1

Hence the design is okay for Sliding under DA1 C2.

c) GEO limit state - Bearing

Design approach 1 - Combination 1 (A1 + M1 + R1)

Magnitude Lever arm Moment

(kN/m) (m) (kNm)/m
M1,d 26.250 0.824 21.630
M2,d 16.500 1.000 16.500
M3,d 60.000 1.500 90.000
MA,d 15.278 1.850 28.264
MB,d 7.784 0.555 4.320
MC,d 1.946 0.370 0.720
MD,d 10.323 1.665 17.188
ME,d 6.043 0.370 2.236
MF,d 10.889 1.333 14.519

Destabilizing moment
M1 = (MA,d + MB,d + MC,d + MD,d + MF,d) x gG.dstb +
ME,d x gQ.dstb
= 91.119 kNm

The weight of the wall is now considered as an unfavourable action and includes the
surcharge acting on the soil on the heel as well.

Stabilizing moment
 M2 = (M1,d + M2,d + M3,d) x gG.dstb + (q x B'' x d) x gQ.dstb
= 195.476 kNm

Rv,d = (26.250+16.50+60-10.889) x 1.35 + 10 x1.0x 1.5

= 139.012 kN/m

Rv,d
e
x'

B=2m

Lever arm of Rv,d, X' = M2 - M1

Rv.d
= 0.751 m
e = -0.249 m < B/6 = 0.333 m

Hence, the middle third rule is satisfied.

Resultant moment about the center (Mc)

Mc = Rv,d x e
= 34.656 kNm

Total stress = Direct stress (sV) + Bending stress (sB)

1m
B=2m

I = (1/12) x 1 x 23
4
= 0.667 m

sB = Mc x y
I
2
= 51.984 kN/m

smax = Rv,d + Rv,d x e x B/2

3
Bx1 1/12 x 1 x B
= Rv,d
( 1+ 6e/B)
B
2
= 121.490 kN/m
For Navg = 14.67,
sall = 163 kN/m2 > smax Satisfied

smin = Rv,d
( 1- 6e/B)
B
2
= 17.522 kN/m > 0 Satisfied

Overdesign factor (t) = sall

smax
= 163
121.490
= 1.342 > 1.0

Hence the bearing check is satisfied under DA1 C1.

Design approach 1 - Combination 2 (A2 + M2 + R1)

Destabilizing moment
M1 = 67.918 kNm

Stabilizing moment
M2 = 147.630 kNm

Rv,d = (26.250+16.5+60-10.889) x 1.0 + 10 x1.0x 1.3

= 115.750 kN/m
Lever arm of Rv,d, X' = M2 - M1
Rv.d
= 0.689 m
e = -0.311 m < B/6 = 0.333 m

Mc = Rv,d x e
= 36.038 kNm

smax = Rv,d
( 1+ 6e/B)
B
2
= 111.932 kN/m < sall Satisfied

smin = Rv,d
( 1- 6e/B)
B
2
= 3.818 kN/m > 0 Satisfied

Overdesign factor (t) = sall

smax
= 163
111.932
= 1.456 > 1.0
Hence the bearing check is satisfied under DA1 C2.

Dimensions of the final retaining wall design

a = 0.3 m

h=3m
H = 3.33 m

c = 0.4 m
b = 0.6 m d=1m

t = 0.33 m

B = 2m

Design of r/f to Earth Retaining Structure using EC2

(1) Cantilever wall slab

(a) Bending design

At ULS using gQ = 1.5, moment at the base of the cantilever wall,

M = ((0.5x11.1x2.22x1.52)+(0.78x11.1x0.39)+(0.5x1.987
x0.78x0.26)+(0.5x7.65x0.78x0.26)+(1.5x3x2.5))x1.5
MEd = 51.498 kNm/m

Assume cover to r/f = 40 mm and bar diameter = 16 mm

Effective depth, d = 300 - 40 - 8

= 252 mm

k = MEd
bd2fck
 = (51.5 x 106)/(1000 x 2522 x30)
= 0.027

EC2 page 86,

Area of tensile r/f,
fyd = fyk = 500/1.15
gs
= 434.8 MPa

Z/d = 0.5(1+(1-3.53k)0.5)
= 0.5(1+(1-3.53 x 0.027)0.5)
= 0.976
But, Z  0.95d
Therefore, Z = 0.95 x 252 = 239.4 mm

As1 = MEd
fyd.Z
= 51.5/(434.8 x 239.4)
2
= 494.74 mm /m
EC2 page 76, 12.6.1,
No of bars required = 494.74 / (π x 82) = 3 bars
Bar spacing = 1000/3 = 333 mm
Max. bar spacing = min (3h , 400 mm) = 400 mm

Therefore, provide 16 mm bars at 300 mm.

2
Asprov = 670.2 mm /m
EC2 page 68,
Asmin = 0.26 (fctm/fyk) ≥ 0.0013
btd
= 0.26(2.9/500)
= 0.0015
Asmin = 0.0015 x 1000 x 252 = 380.02 mm2/m

Therefore the provided steel area is satisfied.

Steel stress at SLS = (MSLS/MULS) x (As,req/As,prov) x fyd

= (1/1.5) x (494.74/670.2) x 434.8
= 213.98 MPa

EC2 Table 7.2N, 7.3N,

Alternative requirement to control crack width of 0.3 mm,
Max. bar diameter = 20 mm
Max. bar spacing = 225 mm

Provided steel area doesn't satisfy these conditions.

Therefore, provide 16 mm bars at 225 mm.
2
Asprov,new = 893.61 mm /m
(b) Curtailment of flexural steel

Depth, z from top where spacing of 16 mm bars can be doubled to 450 mm,
2
As(450 mm) = 446.39 mm /m
Corresponding moment of resistance is approximately,
M = 0.5 x 51.498
= 25.75 kNm/m
Considering moments about the top, by trial and error,
z = 2.38 m

6 2
k = (25.75 x 10 )/(1000 x 252 x30)
= 0.0135

As1 = MEd
fyd.Z
= 25.75/(434.8 x 239.4)
2
= 247.38 mm /m
Asmin = 0.0015 x 1000 x 252
2
= 380.02 mm /m > As1
2
Therefore, Asreq = 380.02 mm /m
2
Asprov = 446.39 mm /m

For fck = 30 MPa and bar diameter (f) < 32 mm,

Anchorage length required (lbd,req)
= 36f
= 36 x 16
= 576 mm

Length of alternate bars including anchorage,

= 3000 - 2380 + 576
= 1196
 1200 mm
(c) Shear check

At SLS,
Horizontal pressure at 'd=252 mm' from the base,
= 0.25 x [10+(20x2.22)+(10.19x0.526)] + (9.81x0.526)
2
= 20.1 kN/m
At the top, = 0.25 x 10
2
= 2.5 kN/m

Pavg = (20.10 + 2.5) x 0.5

2
= 11.3 kN/m

At ULS, VEd = 11.3 x (3-0.252) x 1.5

 = 46.58 kN/m
EC2 page 40, 41,
vEd = VEd / bwd
= 46.58 / 252
= 0.185 MPa

rl = As1 / bwd  0.02

= 894/(1000 x 252)
= 0.0035
EC2 page 41, Table 7.1,
VRd,c = 0.53 MPa

But, VRd,c,min = 0.035k1.5fck0.5bwd

= 0.035 x 1.891.5 x 300.5 x 1 x 0.252
= 0.13 MPa < VRd,c

VRd,c > vEd

Hence, the shear is satisfactory.

(d) Distribution steel

EC2 9.3.1.1(2),
2
20% x Asprov = 20% x 894 = 178.8 mm /m

Assume bar diameter = 10 mm

No of bars required = 178.8 / (π x 52) = 3 bars
Bar spacing = 1000/3 = 333 mm
Max. bar spacing = min (3.5h , 400 mm) = 400 mm

Therefore, provide 10 mm bars at 300 mm.

2
Asprov = 262 mm /m

For outer face

For crack control provide 10 mm bars at 200 mm each way.

2
Asprov = 393 mm /m
(2) Inner footing (Heel slab)
(a)
Load factors used for the effect of,
Weight of earth and stucture gG,fav = 1
Weight of surcharge load gQ,fav = 0
Lateral earth pressure and uplift gG,unf = 1.35
Lateral surcharge pressure gQ,unf = 1.5

Vertical load on the base = 26.25+16.5+60+(10x1.0)x0-10.889x1.35

= 88.05 kN/m
Moment about toe = 108.53 kNm (clockwise)

Centroid of the base pressure due to gravity, from toe L,

L = 108.53/88.05
= 1.233 mm

Eccentricity, e = (2.0/2)-L = -0.233 mm

Rv
e

B=2m

Moment about the center due to the vertical load acting on the base,
M = 88.05 x 0.233
= 20.48 kNm/m (clockwise)

Moment on the base due to the horizontal pressure

= 73.76 kNm/m (anti-clockwise)

Bearing pressure at toe and heel

P1 = Rv + 6Mc
B B2
2
= (88.05/2) + [6 x (20.48-73.76)]/2
2
= -35.90 kN/m

P2 = Rv - 6Mc
B B2
2
= (88.05/2) - [6 x (20.48-73.76)]/2
2
= 123.95 kN/m

Bearing pressures acting on the base slab,

1.55 m

-35.90

123.95

At ULS,
Bearing pressure at the junction of heel slab and cantilever,
= 123.95 x ((1.55-1)/1.55)
2
= 43.98 kN/m
Vertical load on the heel = (1.0x0.33x25)x1.0+(3x1.0x20)x1.0
= 68.25 kN/m

Considering moments about the face of the wall for the vertical loads and the bearing
pressures,
MEd = 68.25x1.0/2-0.5x43.98x(0.552/3)
= 31.91 kNm/m

k = MEd
bd2fck
6 2
= (31.91 x 10 )/(1000 x 252 x30)
= 0.017

0.5
Z/d = 0.5(1+(1-3.53k) )
0.5
= 0.5(1+(1-3.53 x 0.017) )
= 0.985
But, Z  0.95d
Therefore, Z = 0.95 x 252 = 239.4 mm

EC2 page 86,

As1 = MEd
fyd.Z
= 31.91/(434.8 x 239.4)
2
= 306.54 mm /m

2
No of bars required = 306.54 / (π x 8 ) = 2 bars
Bar spacing = 1000/2 = 500 mm
Max. bar spacing = min (3h , 400 mm) = 400 mm

Therefore, provide 16 mm bars at 300 mm.

2
Asprov = 670.2 mm /m
EC2 page 68,
Asmin = 0.26 (fctm/fyk) ≥ 0.0013
btd
= 0.26(2.9/500)
= 0.0015
2
Asmin = 0.0015 x 1000 x 252 = 380.02 mm /m

Therefore the provided steel area is satisfied.

At SLS,
Vertical load on the base = 101.861 kN/m
Moment about toe = 113.611 kNm/m
L = 1.115 m
e = -0.115 m
Moment about the center due to the vertical load acting on the base, (clockwise)
M = 11.75 kNm/m

Moment on the base due to the horizontal pressure (anti-clockwise)

= 52.728 kNm/m

Bearing pressure at toe and heel

2
P1 = -10.537 kN/m
2
P2 = 112.398 kN/m

Bearing pressures acting on the base slab,

1.83 m

-10.54
112.40

Bearing pressure at the junction of heel slab and cantilever,

2
= 50.98 kN/m
Vertical load on the heel = 78.25 kN/m

Considering moments about the face at the wall for the vertical loads and the bearing
pressures,
2
MEd = 78.25x1/2-0.5x(50.98)x0.83 /3
= 32.056 kNm/m

Steel stress at SLS = (MSLS/MULS) x (As,req/As,prov) x fyd

= (32.056/31.91) x (380.02/670.2) x 434.8
= 247.67 MPa
EC2 Table 7.2N, 7.3N,
Alternative requirement to control crack width of 0.3 mm,
Max. bar diameter = 16 mm
Max. bar spacing = 200 mm

Therefore, provide 16 mm bars at 200 mm.

2
Asprov = 1005.3 mm /m

(b) Shear check

At ULS, base pressure at the junction of the heel slab and cantilever,
2
= 43.98 kN/m
Shear force at the junction of the heel slab and cantilever,
VEd = 68.25-0.5x43.98x0.55
= 56.16 kN/m
EC2 page 40,41,
vEd = VEd / bwd
 = 56.16 / 252
= 0.223 MPa

rl = As1 / bwd  0.02

= 1005.3/(1000 x 252)
= 0.004
EC2 Table 7.1,
VRd,c = 0.54 MPa

But, VRd,c,min = 0.035k1.5fck0.5bwd

= 0.035 x 1.891.5 x 300.5 x 1 x 0.252
= 0.126 MPa < VRd,c

VRd,c > vEd

Hence, the shear is satisfactory.

(c) Distribution steel

2
20% x Asprov = 20% x 1005.3 = 201.06 mm /m

Assume bar diameter = 10 mm

2
No of bars required = 201.06 / (π x 5 ) = 3 bars
Bar spacing = 1000/3 = 333 mm
Max. bar spacing = min (3.5h , 400 mm) = 400 mm

Therefore, provide 10 mm bars at 300 mm.

2
Asprov = 262 mm /m

For outer face

For crack control provide 10 mm bars at 200 mm each way.

2
Asprov = 393 mm /m

(3) Outer footing (Toe slab)

At ULS
Bearing pressure at the junction of toe slab and cantilever,
2
= 75.97 kN/m

Vertical load on the toe = 4.95 kN/m

Considering moments about the face at the wall for the vertical loads and the bearing
pressures,
MEd = 0.5x(123.95-75.97)x2x0.62/3+75.97x0.62/2-4.95x0.3
= 17.95 kNm/m

Reinforcement from the wall which is designed for a moment of 51.5 kNm/m will be
anchored in the toe slab and will provide the moment steel here, where the anchorage
length is 576 mm.

(b) Shear check

Shear force at the junction of the heel slab and cantilever,

VEd = 0.5x(123.95+75.97)x0.6-4.95
= 55.03 kN/m
EC2 page 40,41,
vEd = VEd / bwd
= 55.03 / 252
= 0.218 MPa

rl = As1 / bwd  0.02

= 894/(1000 x 252)
= 0.0035
EC2 Table 7.1,
VRd,c = 0.53 MPa

But, VRd,c,min = 0.035k1.5fck0.5bwd

= 0.035 x 1.891.5 x 300.5 x 1 x 0.252
= 0.13 MPa < VRd,c

VRd,c > vEd

Hence, the shear is satisfactory.

(c) Distribution steel

Provide 10 mm bars at 300 mm. (same as for the wall section)

Summary
Length of the retaining wall = 56m
Concreting volume
Wall 59 m3 Total
Base 37 m3 96

Formwork
Base 38 m2 Total
Wall 338 m2 376

Reinforcement

Wall
No. of Total
Length / m
bars length / m
Main 124 1.8 224 16mm
124 4.2 523 16mm
Secondary 18 56 1008 10mm
Outer 280 3.6 1008 10mm
18 56 1008 10mm

Heel
No. of Total
Length / m
bars length / m
Main 280 2 560 16mm
Secondary 10 56 560 10mm
Outer 280 1.6 448 10mm
8 56 448 10mm

Total r/f requirement

10 mm = 4480 m = 2762.02 kg
16 mm = 1307 m = 2062.31 kg
 Lever arms
H = 3.33 m 1
B = 2 m 2
t = 0.33 m 3
a = 0.3 m A
b = 0.6 m B
c = 0.4 m C
d = 1 m D
h = 3 m E

F
 Lever arms
H = 3.33 m 1 =
B = 2m 2 =
t = 0.33 m 3 =
a = 0.3 m A =
b = 0.6 m B =
c = 0.4 m C =
d = 1m D =
h = 3m E =
F =
t = 1.608
OK!

Lever arms
H = 3.33 m 1 =
B = 2 m 2 =
t = 0.33 m 3 =
a = 0.3 m A =
b = 0.6 m B =
c = 0.4 m C =
 d = 1m D =
h = 3m E =
F =

t = 1.770
OK!
 Lever arms
H = 3.33 m 1 =
B = 2m 2 =
t = 0.33 m 3 =
a = 0.3 m A =
b = 0.6 m B =
c = 0.4 m C =
d = 1m D =
h = 3m E =
F =
t = 1.140
OK!

Lever arms
H = 3.33 m 1 =
B = 2 m 2 =
t = 0.33 m 3 =
a = 0.3 m A =
b = 0.6 m B =
c = 0.4 m C =
d = 1m D =
h = 3m E =
F =
t = 1.024
OK!

88.0497
125.711

52.728
t = 1.342
OK!

t = 1.456
OK!
 MEd =
51.498
kNm/m
Lever arms
H = 3.33 m 1
B = 2 m 2
t = 0.33 m 3
a = 0.3 m A
b = 0.6 m B
c = 0.4 m C
d = 1m D
 h = 3m E
F

Wall slab

Main r/f
D = 16mm
S = 225mm

Asprov =
894mm2/m
Distribution
steel
D = 10mm
S = 300mm

Asprov =
262 mm2/m

Outer face
D = 10mm
S = 200mm

101.861
113.611

1.11536

-0.01036

23.2193

56.89

11.646

94.373

56.946
 78.25

54.7529

48.8532
Heel slab

Main r/f
D = 16mm
S = 200mm
 178.8

Distribution
steel
D = 10mm
S = 300mm

Outer face
D = 10mm
S = 200mm

51.5
 576

Toe slab

Distribution
steel
D = 10mm
S = 300mm
Lever arms
= 0.947
= 1.000
= 1.500
= 1.850
= 0.555
= 0.370
= 1.665
= 0.370

= 1.333
 0.824
1.000
1.500
1.850
0.555
0.370
1.665
0.370
1.33333
0.824
1.000
1.500
1.850
0.555
0.370
 1.665
0.370
1.33333
 0.824
1.000
1.500
1.850
0.555
0.370
1.665
0.370
1.33333
0.824
1.000
1.500
1.850
0.555
0.370
1.665
0.370
1.333
Lever arms
= 0.824
= 1.000
= 1.500
= 1.850
= 0.555
= 0.370
= 1.665
= 0.370
= 1.333