Exercise 3A

1a 5 a The graph crosses the y-axis when

x = 0.
y = 30
So y = 1
The graph crosses the y-axis at (0, 1).
Asymptote is at y = 0.

b Where
= y 4, x ≈ 2.6

2a

b The graph is a vertical stretch by scale

factor 2.
The graph crosses the y-axis when
x = 0.
y = 2 × 30
So y = 2
b Where=
y 2, x ≈ −1.4 The graph crosses the y-axis at (0, 2).
Asymptote is at y = 0.
3

4 a True because, when x = 0, a0 = 1 when

a is positive

b False. For example, when a = 12 , the

function f(x) = ax is not an increasing
function.

c True because, when a is positive, ax > 0

for all values of x.

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5 c The graph is a translation by the 7 a As x increases, y decreases
0
vector   .
 −4 
The graph crosses the y-axis when
x = 0.
y = 30 − 4
So y = −3
The graph crosses the y-axis at (0, −3).
Asymptote is at y = −4.

b Substitute the coordinates into y = pqx.

150 = pq−3 (equation 1)
0.048 = pq2 (equation 2)
Solve simultaneously, divide equation
2 by equation 1.
pq 2
0.048 ÷ 150 =
pq −3
q5 = 0.00032
d The graph is a horizontal stretch by q = 0.2
scale factor 2. p = 0.048 ÷ 0.22 = 1.2
The graph crosses the y-axis when p = 1.2, q = 0.2
x = 0.
1 × 0 Challenge
y = 32
So y = 1
To draw the graph, note that it is a translation of
The graph crosses the y-axis at (0, 1).
Asymptote is at y = 0.  2
the graph y = 2x by the vector   .
5
The graph crosses the y-axis when x = 0,
so y = 20 − 2 + 5
y = 5.25
The graph crosses the y-axis at (0, 5.25).
Asymptote is at y = 5.

6 Substitute the coordinates into y = kax.

6 = ka1 (equation 1)
48 = ka4 (equation 2)
Solve simultaneously: divide equation 2 by
equation 1,
ka 4
48 ÷ 6 =
ka
a3 = 8
a = 2, k = 3

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