Exercise 5D

1 a 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + (8 terms) 1
1 e 729 − 243 + 81 −  −
In this series =
a 1,=r 2,=n 8. 3
a (r n − 1) −243 1
As | r | > 1 use S n = . Here, a = 729, r = = −
r −1 729 3
a (r 8 − 1) 1 × (28 − 1) 1
=S8 = and the nth term is − .
r −1 2 −1 3
= 256 − =
1 255 Using nth term = ar n −1

n−1
1  1
b 32 + 16 + 8 + (10 terms) − = 729 ×  − 
3  3
1 n−1
In this series= a 32,
= r = , n 10. 1  1
2 − =− 
2187  3 
a (1 − r n )
As | r | < 1 use S n = . 7 n−1
1− r  1  1
−  = − 
a (1 − r10 )  3  3
S10 = So n − 1 = 7
1− r
32 1 − ( 12 )
= =
( 10

63.938 (3 d.p.)
) ⇒n = 8
There are 8 terms in the series.
1 − 12 a (1 − r n )
As | r | < 1 use S n = with
1− r
2 2 1
c a= ,r= ,n=8 a = 729, r = − and n = 8 .
3 5 3
2 2  ( )
8
729 1 − ( − 13 )
8
1 −    2
3 5  =S8 = 546
S8 =  1 − ( − 13 ) 3
2
1−
5 5 1
= 1.110 f a = − , r = − , n = 15
2 2
5  1 
15
d 4 − 12 + 36 − 108 +  (6 terms)
− 1 −  −  
In this series a =
4, r =
−3, n =
6. 2   2  
S15 =
a (r n − 1) 1
As | r | > 1 use S n = . 1+
r −1 2
= −1.67
a (r 6 − 1) 4 ( (−3) − 1)
6

S6 = = = −728
r −1 −3 − 1 2 a = 3, r = 0.4, n = 10
3 (1 − 0.410 )
S10 =
1 − 0.4
= 4.9995

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 2 6 5 + 4.5 + 4.05 + … is a geometric
3 a = 5, r = ,n=8
3 4.5
series with a = 5 and r = = 0.9.
  2 8  5
5 1 −   
 3  a (1 − r n ) 5 (1 − 0.9n )
S8 =   Using
= Sn =
2 1− r 1 − 0.9
1−
3 = 50 (1 − 0.9 ) n

= 14.4147
We want S n > 45
4 Let the common ratio be r. 50 (1 − 0.9n ) > 45
The first three terms are 8, 8r and 8r2.
45
Given that the first three terms add up (1 − 0.9 ) > 50
n

to 30.5,
r 2 30.5 (×2 )
8 + 8r + 8= 1 − 0.9n > 0.9

16 + 16r + 16r 2 =
61 0.9n < 0.1

16r 2 + 16r − 45 =
0
log ( 0.9 ) < log ( 0.1)
n

( 4r − 5)( 4r + 9 ) = 0
5 −9 n log ( 0.9 ) < log ( 0.1)
r= ,
4 4 log ( 0.1)
5 −9 n>
Possible values of r are and . log ( 0.9 )
4 4
n > 21.85
5 3 + 6 + 12 + 24 + … is a geometric So n = 22
series with a = 3, r = 2.
a ( r n − 1) 3 ( 2n − 1) 7 a a = 25, r =
3
, Sk > 61
So= Sn = = 3 ( 2n − 1) 5
r −1 2 −1
We want S n > 1.5 million   3 k 
25 1 −   
 5 
S n > 1500 000   > 61
3
3 ( 2n − 1) > 1500 000 1−
5
2n − 1 > 500 000 (
25 1 − 0.6k )
> 61
2n > 500 001 0.4
log 2n > log 500 001 25(1 − 0.6k) > 24.4
n log 2 > log 500 001 1 − 0.6k > 0.976
0.6k > 0.024
log 500 001
n> k log(0.6) > log(0.024)
log 2 log(0.024)
k>
n > 18.9 log(0.6)
Least value of n is 19.
b k > 7.301
k=8

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2
 8 S2
=
(
a 1− r2
= 4.48
) 10 First series:
a = a, r = 2
1− r
a ( 24 − 1)
a (1 − r =
2
) 4.48(1 − r ) S4 =
2 −1
4.48(1 − r )
a= S 4 = 15a
1− r2
Second series:
=
a 1− r4
S 4 = 5.1968
( ) a = b, r = 3
1− r b ( 34 − 1)
a (1 − =
r ) 5.1968(1 − r )
4 S4 =
3 −1
5.1968(1 − r ) S 4 = 40b
a=
1− r4 15a = 40b
4.48(1 − r ) 5.1968(1 − r ) 8
= a= b
1− r2 1− r4 3
1 1.16
=
1− r 2
1− r4 2k + 5 k
11 a =
1 1.16 k k −6
2
= (2k + 5)(k − 6) = k2
1− r (1 − r 2 )(1 + r 2 )
1.16 2k2 + 7k − 30 = k2
1= k2 + 7k − 30 = 0
(1 + r 2 )
1+ r2 = 1.16 b (k + 3)(k − 10) = 0
2
r = 0.16 k = −3 or k = 10
r = ±0.4 As k > 0, k = 10

9 a = a, r = 3 10 5
c r= = = 2.5

S10 =
a ( 10
3 −1 ) 10 − 6 2

3 −1
d S10 =
(
4 2.510 − 1 )
a ( 243 − 1) ( 3 + 1) 2.5 − 1
= = 25 429
( 3 − 1)( 3 + 1)
242a ( 3 + 1)
=
3 −1
= 121a ( 3 + 1)

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3