t

'f
f Ontario Functions of Mathematics 11 CHAPTER 6 - SEQUENCES AND SERIES 177
t
~I 6.3 Arithmetic Series
rI
f
The sum of the tenns of an arithmetic sequence is called an arithmetic series. We use Sn to denote
the sum of n tenns and we use t11 to detennine a tenn number.
I (j
I~ Examples:
1i Arithmetic Sequence Arithmetic Series
-
I t,, ti, t3, f.4, ... = 3, 6, 9, 12, ... ------. Sn = 3 + 6 + 9 + 12 + ...

a t,' t2, t3, f.4, ... = -11, -1, 9' 19 ----r Sn = -11 + (-1) + 9 + 19

•• Let's write the arithmetic sequence from the last section as an arithmetic series and look for a pattern.

S1 = 5 + 8 + 11 + 14 + 17 + 20 + 23 In this example, t1 = 5, h = 23 and d = 3.

• Next we will write S1 twice, once in ascending order and then in descending order.

S1 = 5 + 8 + 11 + 14 + 17 + 20 + 23

•• + S1 = 23 + 20 + 17 + 14 + 11 + 8 + 5
2(S1) = 28 + 28 + 28 + 28 + 28 + 28 + 28
Sum the two equations.

••
2(S1) = 7 • 28 Simplify.
7•28 Solve for S1.
S1 = --=7•14=98
2

•• Notice that we could have solved for S1 by

adding the first and last tenns, multiplying by 7
and dividing by 2.
(5 + 23) • 7 = 98

••
2

The general fonnula to find the sum of "n" terms of an arithmetic series is

ti• (a+ l)n

Sn= - - - or Sn=
t1 +t
--n, where Sn= sum oftenns, a or t1 = first tenn,
11

•• 2 2
I or to= last tenn, and n = number of tenns.

•• Examples with Solutions

•• 1. Find the sum of the arithmetic series. t1 = 7, tn= 37, and n = 6

. sn = -t,+t,,
-n

••
••
7 + 13 + 19 + 25 + 31 + 37 2
7 +37
S6=--•6=44x3=132
2

•
(j

' It is unlawful to photocopy or reproduce content without permission from Dynamic Classroom Inc.
This guide is licensed to the end user for PERSONAL use only. All rights reserved.

,'
 178
-
Ontario Functions of Mathematics 11 CHAPTER 6 - SEQUENCES AND SERIES

2. Find the sum of the arithmetic series. t1 =-16, tn=61, d=-9-(-16)=7

First find n by using tn = t1 + (n - l)d.
-16+-9+-2+5+ ... +61 61 =-16 + (n-1)7; 77 = 7n-7; and 84 = 7n
:. n = 12
Sn= t, + t,, n
2
S12 = -l 6 +6 1 .12 =45 x 6 = 270
2

3. Find the sum of the first 13 tenns of the n = 13, t1 = -7, d = -11-(-7) = -4
arithmetic series. First find tn by using tn = t1 + (n - 1)d.
t13 =-7 + (13 -1)(-4) =-7 + 12(-4) = -7-48
(-7) + (-11) + (-15) + (-19) + ... :. t13 = -55
ti + t,,
Sn=--n
2
S13= -7+(-55)13= -62•13 =-31 •13=-403
2 2

4. Find the sum of an arithmetic series if n = 20 First find tn by using tn = t1 + (n - 1)d.

t1 = 10 and d = 4. ' tn= 10+(20-1)4= 10+76=86
Sn= +t,, n
t1
2
1
S20 = o+86 • 20 = 48 • 20 = 960
2

5. The sum of the first 5 tenns of an arithmetic series is 110 and the sum of the first 6 tenns is 14 7.
Find the first four terms.

Step 1
Since S6 = 147 and Ss = 110
S6-Ss= 147-110=37
:. The 6th tennis 37.

Step 2 Step 3
Remember S6 = 147, n = 6, t6 = 37 and that Remember t6 = 37, t1 = 12, n = 6.
Sn =t,+t,,
-'----'-'-n•
tn = t1 + (n - l )d
2 37 = 12 + (6 - 1)d
S6 = t, +t6 • 6 25 = 5d
2 5=d
147 = t, +37 •6 :. t, = 12, t2 = 12 + 5 = 17, t3 = 17 + 5 = 22,
2 ti= 22 + 5 = 27
147 = 3(t1 + 37); 147 = 3t1 + 111;
and 36 = 3t1 :. The arithmetic sequence is 12, 17, 22, 27, ...
:. 12 = t1

It is unlawful to photocopy or reproduce content without permission from Dynamic Classroom Inc.
This guide is licensed to the end user for PERSONAL use only. All rights reserved.
 '
I
'' Ontario Functions of Mathematics 11 CHAPTER 6 - SEQUENCES AND SERIES 179

• Exercises 6.3

•
• 1. Find the sum of each arithmetic series.
a. 3+ 10+ 17+24 +31 +38+4 5 b. 19+22 +25+2 8+31 +34+3 7+40

C. -10-1 5-20- 25-30 -35-4 0-45

2. Find the sum of the first 50 terms of each arithmetic series.

a. 5 + 9 + 13 + 17 + ... b. -4+-6+ -8+-10 + ...

C. 7 + 11 + 15 + 19 + ...

,,
,, 3. Find the indicated sum for each arithmetic series.
,, b. for -5 - 6 - 7 - 8 ...
a. Sis for 4 + 8 + 12 + ... S30
11
II
4'
4'
4I c. S23 for 6 + 10 + 14 + 18 ...
4I
fI
I

I
4. Find the sum for each arithmetic series.
a. 5 + 14 + 23 + 32 + ... + 383 b. -7-12 -17-2 2- ... -187
t(
I

C. 2.4+2. 7+3.0+ 3.3+ ... +18.6

Dynamic Classroom Inc.

It is unlawful to photocop y or reproduce content without permission from
This guide is licensed to the end user for PERSONAL use only. All rights reserved.
Ontario Functions of Mathematics 11 CHAPTER 6 - SEQUENCES AND SERIES 180

5. Find the sum of each arithmetic series, given the first and last terms.
b. t1 = -9, t10 = -37

C. t1 = 42, t11 = 96

6. Find the sum of each arithmetic series, given the following.

a. n = 200, t1 = 8, d = 4 b. n = 80, t1 = 30, d = -5

c. n = 60, t1 = 18.6, d = 0.6

7. A movie theatre has 20 seats in the first row and 22 seats in the second row, 24 seats in the third
row, etc. If the theatre has 32 rows in all, how many seats does it have?

8. A rubber ball is dropped from a very high tower and it takes 8 seconds to hit the ground. The ball '
falls 3.9 min the first second, 13.7 min the second, 23.5 min the third second and so on. How '
tall is this tower? '
'

It is unlawful to photocopy or reproduce content without permission from Dynamic Classroom Inc.
This guide is licensed to the end user for PERSONAL use only. All rights reserved.
·•·~ Ontario Functions of Mathematics 11 CHAPTER 6 - SEQUENCES AND SERIES 181

•.•,
9. On opening day of her new ice cream store, Jana sold 150 cones for $1.50 each. For the next l 0
days she sold 25 more cones than on each of the days before. Given this pattern answer the
following questions .
a. How many cones did she sell on the 7th day?

• b. How many cones in total did she sell by the end of the 10 days?
s
•• c. What was the value of all the cones that she sold during the first 4 days?

••
•• 10. Find the sum of the multiples of 4 between 7 and 315 .

••
•• 11. The first tenn in an arithmetic sequence is 12 and the sixth term is -0.5. What is the common

•• difference?

••
•• 12. Find the sum of each series .
a. 3x + 5x + 7x + ... + 23x

••
•• b. (2x -y) + (3x - 2y) + (4x - 3y) + ... + (12x - lly)

••
•• MORE QUESTIONS

•• www.Math-Help.ca
ON OUR WEBSITE

•• It is unlawful to photocopy or reproduce content without permission from Dynamic Classroom Inc.

••
This guide is licensed to the end user for PERSONAL use only. All rights reserved .

fl