The history of human rights originated in the Western world (Europe).

A 17th-
century English philosopher, John Locke, formulated the existence of natural rights (natural
rights) inherent in every human being, namely the right to life, freedom of rights, and
property rights. At that time, rights were still limited to the civil and political fields. The
history of human rights development is marked by three important events in the Western
world, namely the Magna Charta, Declaration Of Independence, and The French Revolution.

The idea of human rights is characterized by the emergence of the concept of rights
natural rights theory where in ancient times the philosophy of philosophy was up to modern
times with the writings of natural law Thomas Aquinas, Hugo de Groot and later in the post-
Reinaisans era, John Locke proposed thinking about natural law so that it underlies the
emergence of revolutions in England, United States and France in the 17th and 18th
centuries.

1. Magna Charta (1215)

The charter of agreement between King John of England and the nobles was called
the Magna Charta. Its contents are the guarantee of several rights by the king to the nobles
and their descendants, such as the right not to be imprisoned without a court examination.
The guarantee was given in return for assistance with government fees given by the nobles.
Since then, the guarantee of that right has developed and become part of the British
constitutional system.

History has noted that the British guaranteed the nobles and their descendants not to
imprison them before going through the court process. The guarantee was given not without
reason, but because the nobles had been instrumental in financing the kingdom, as a form of
reciprocity, the kingdom provided a guarantee, called magnha charta liberium. The guarantee
or agreement was made during the time of King Jhon in 1215 AD.

It was not surprising at that time, the nobles asked for guarantees or arguably law
enforcement, because most kings of antiquity acted at will, making their own laws while the
king was immune to the law. Almost all the rules that are made benefit the king. Although the
Maghna Charta does not apply to all, or in the sense that it is only for nobles, we cannot deny
that the Maghna Charta is an early milestone in the development of human rights in the
world.
2. Declaration of Independence (1776)

The war of independence of the people of the United States against British rule was
called the American Revolution. The Declaration of Independence and the United States
becoming an independent state on July 4, 1776 were the results of this revolution. The
American Revolution in 1776 was an American war against the British invaders. The result
of this revolution was American independence in 1776 from England. In the same year
America made history by upholding Human Rights, which included the incorporation of
human rights rules into state legislation.

Human rights in America are more complex in their development than human rights in
Britain. Even human rights continue to be addressed to date by both the government and the
people.

3. France Revolution (1789)

The French Revolution was a form of resistance of the French people to their own
king (Louis XVI) who had acted arbitrarily and absolutely. The declaration of the droits de
I’homme et du citoyen (Statement of Human Rights and Citizens) was produced by the
French Revolution. This statement contains three things: rights to liberty, equality, and
brotherhood (fraternite). The French people do this on the grounds that the king is acting
arbitrarily against the people and has absolute character.

4. Bill of Rights (1789)

The Bill of Rights is a name for ten amendments made by the United States.
Amendments were made with the aim of protecting the original rights of property and
freedom. Declaration of rights contains the guarantee of freedom of personal rights over the
law, and gives authority to the state and the people.

Actually the first time the declaration of rights was only carried out for a federal
state, but eventually applied to the state. The amendments were introduced by James Madison
at the first United States congress in 1789. However, they were eventually adopted by the US
House of Representatives. Thedeclaration of rights succeeded in giving equal protection to
every citizen of the United States.
5. African Charter on Human and People Rights (1981)

June 7, 1981 is the history of Human Rights for the people of Africa, because on
this date the countries belonging to the African states held a conference on Human Rights.
Every country in the conference stated firmly committed to eradicating all forms of
colonialism from African lands. This was done by the African people in the form of creating
a better life for the African community. Of course this is part of the history of human rights
that has been carried out for African society, because they realize that the act of colonialism
has taken away human rights.

6. Cairo Declration on Human Rights In Islam (1990)

The Cairo declaration has become part of the history of human rights, especially in
Islamic countries. At that time Islamic countries affirmed that one source was Islamic sharia.
This declaration was carried out in 1990 in Egypt and aimed at guiding OIC members in
Human Rights.

7. UN Declaration Or Declaration Wina (1993)

The UN declaration was universal and signed by all UN members. The Declaration
held in the capital city of Astria, Vienna successfully declared third-generation human rights,
namely about development rights. The Vienna Declaration is part of the history of human
rights carried out by the United Nations, to uphold human rights in every country.

8. BANGKOK DECLARATION (1993)

The Bangkok Declaration was carried out in 1993 and attended by Asian countries.
In this conference every country present has committed to upholding the principles of the
United Nations on Human Rights. They declare interdependence and must implement
universal human rights, objectivity and selectivity.