Professional Documents
Culture Documents
July, 2015
Mekelle
1. INTRODUCTION
Education nowadays is becoming more complex and challenging making it very demanding for
the professionals in the field to carry out their responsibilities in an effective manner. Due to this,
it has become evident that professionals need to upgrade their educational levels in specialized
fields of study for a more effective professional practice. The department of Teacher Education
in the Institute of Pedagogical sciences, Mekelle University, also felt this need to upgrade
education professionals at school, wereda and regional education Bureau at master’s level. With
this in mind it identified five study areas where this training could be initiated. Considering the
limited capacity of the department it decided to start with one program and conducted a needs
assessment to determine the preferred field of study.
The result of the needs assessment showed that the majority of respondents preferred to upgrade
their education in the field of curriculum and instruction, followed by instructional leadership
and supervision. In addition, the committee entrusted with the task of developing the program
examined the duties and responsibilities of the educational professionals at different levels of the
education system. Based on the results of the needs assessment and the examination of
documents of duties and responsibilities, the committee ultimately decided on a program that
blends elements of curriculum, instruction and instructional supervision.
This program is designed to equip the candidates with the necessary knowledge, skills and
attitudes in the areas of curriculum and instruction, educational assessment, instructional
leadership and supervision, and research skills. It is hoped that the program will provide
advanced study to prepare graduates to be effective school and woreda level curriculum and
instructional leaders, teacher educators, and other personnel who play a supervisory role in the
professional development of others.
The curriculum of the program is organized on a modular approach. It started with the
identification of the major competencies required of the graduates, which were then organized
into themes and modules. The curriculum is generally organized into five modules.
2. BACKGROUND
The institute of pedagogical science is among the pioneer academic programs in the Mekelle
University. It was established with the name SPSU (Social and Pedagogical Science Unit) in
1996 Ec. to provide pedagogy, psychology, educational management and civics and ethical
education courses to the students under the then faculty of education. By then, the SPSU had
pedagogy, psychology, sport sciences and civics and ethical education sub-units. Nonetheless,
with the dramatic expansion of the Mekelle University, the civics and ethical education and
lately the psychology sub-units were split from the SPSU and form the department of civics and
ethical education and psychology departments, respectively.
However, with the introduction of the Business Process Re-Engineering (BPR), the former
Social and Pedagogical Sciences Unit (SPSU) has been organized as the Institute of Pedagogical
Sciences (IPS). This in part has been done with the intention to recognize the research and
scholarly efforts of the institute’s staff and the students. The Institute currently includes two
departments – Educational Planning and Management and Teacher Education. The Teacher
Education Department has been engaged in the preparation of secondary school teachers at a
post-graduate diploma level. In addition, it gives pedagogy and curriculum related courses in
other departments at BSc and masters levels. This department has now realized the need to
launch new programs at master’s levels, the first of which is the Master of Education in
Curriculum and Instructional Supervision.
3. PROGRAM RATIONALE
In view of this, Mekelle University, Institute of Pedagogical Sciences have decided to introduce
a two years modular Master’s program in curriculum and instruction supervision , the first of its
kind in the country in its design and delivery. The programme aims to provide academic and
professional competencies for students to design, align, deliver, supervise and evaluate
curriculum and instruction through the development of core and generic competencies the world
of work deserves. The programme has been developed in response to the national and local
demands to improve the quality of the general education, and it is informed by the core principle
of modular education which is the development of knowledge economy that fuels the
implementation of the second Growth and Transformation Plan of the country.
The program is designed to have three mode of delivery, regular, summer and extension to be
accessible for potential candidates with varied nature of work. The curriculum contains five
competency based modules, namely curriculum and instruction, instructional supervision and
leadership, assessment, emerging issues and research and thesis in education. It is hoped that
both public and private sectors engaged in education and training services provide the graduates
enjoyable career opportunities.
Therefore, the decision to launch the program in Mekelle University was based on:
The high demand for these professionals in the Ethiopian general education system
The capacity Mekelle University in terms of the professionals to run the program,
The potential candidates' preference to enrol in the program,
The availability of departments in the university to give the necessary professionals and
material supports necessary to run the program,
The existence of a supportive Education Bureau to collaborate in running the program
4. PROGRAM PROFILE
This program is aimed at producing capable scholars who can provide their expertise for the
school community to maintain conducive school and classroom environment. Conducive
environment in the school and classroom will contribute for the better learning of students. This
program is, therefore, focused on producing citizens with the needed quality to perform and
support the teaching and learning process in schools. The program has five modules which are
design to be studied by the Scholars enrolled in the program:
1) Curriculum and instruction- develop knowledge and skills need to participate in
curriculum development activities at different levels, contextualize and assess curriculum
alignment; and evaluate the curriculum continually,
2) Instructional supervision and leadership
3) Educational Assessment that help teachers to identify gaps in their students and the way
to maintain the gaps
4) Research and thesis- this module is designed scholars to develop basic knowledge and
skills in action research and basic researches in order to conduct both action and basic
research in solving problems of the school.
5) Contemporary issues in curriculum and instructional supervision that includes selected
topics from multicultural education, inclusive education, report writing an Instructional
technology.
The modules are classified as core and supportive modules. Core modules are supposed to
develop basic knowledge, skills and attitudes required to fulfil the demands of current Ethiopian
schools. Core modules include curriculum and instruction, instructional supervision and
leadership, educational assessment and research and thesis. Whereas crosscutting issues are
considered as supportive module.
5. PROGRAM LEARNING OUTCOMES
Admission will be made on merit basis for the available seats, i.e.
The duration for the program shall normally take two-year full time regular study. When this
program is offered through extension, summer and distance combination, it will take 2-3 years. If
a student fails to complete the program within this period, he/she may be allowed to continue for
one additional year for accepted reasons by the graduate committee of the institute.
A student who meets and fulfils at least the minimum requirements laid down in the regulations
and whose research work and examination results are judged to be sufficient merit shall be
recommended by the graduate committee of the graduate program to the office of the Registrar
and Alumni for approval of graduation by University Senate and the award of the degree of
Master of Education Degree in Curriculum and Instructional Supervision.
To complete the study in the program and to be eligible for graduation, the student should:
a. Earn a total of 68 ECTS (European Credit Transfer System (56 ECTS in the course work
and 12 credit hours in the thesis work).
b. Pass in all courses and obtain a minimum of CGPA 3.00 for the course work
c. Complete and successfully defend thesis work.
d. Satisfy other university wide requirements.
If a student fails to obtain this minimum grade, he/she is entitled to repeat the courses for which
he/she has obtained ‘C’. Repeated courses shall have grades not exceeding ‘B’.
8.5 Degree Nomenclature
The type of Master of Degree conferred shall be
MASTER OF EDUCATION DEGREE IN CURRICULUM AND INSTRUCTIONAL
SUPERVISION
It shall also be named in Amharic as
የትምህርት ማስተርስ ዲግሪ በስርዓተ ትምህርትና ኢንስትራክሽናል ሱፐርቪዥን
9. PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
9.1 Modes of Delivery
The delivery methods of the program/modules will include classroom lectures, seminars, project
works, field work, individual and group assignments and reflections and presentations for regular
program. On the other hand tutorial support, independent learning and project work will be
employed for the evening and summer distance modules.
9.3 Assessment
In line with current trends and envelopments in assessment, the program will utilize competency
based assessment strategies that involves both formative and summative continuous assessments.
Hence, students will be assessed in every module in continuous fashion to better reflect their
achievement of module learning outcomes. They will also be assessed in the defence of their
thesis by a board that incorporates both internal and external examiners to assure that the
graduates fulfil the minimum competence required by the graduate program. The graduate
program of the institute will conduct tracer study of its graduates to monitor the relevance of the
knowledge, skills and practice of its graduates and track their professional and personal progress.
9.4 Quality Assurance
It is recognized that it is very difficult to define quality in higher education. Often it means
different things to different audiences. It is also a concept that is continuously changing. In the
recent past, most quality assurance agencies in the world consider quality of an institution from
two standpoints: fitness for purpose, and fitness of purpose. Fitness for purpose considers
whether an institution is successfully achieving its own stated mission and objectives. Fitness of
purpose verifies the responsiveness of an institution to national socio-economic needs. This
criterion is more difficult to assess, but the idea here is to see whether the institution has in place
adequate mechanisms to respond to national requirements, and that it not functioning in a
vacuum. For this program, both concepts apply in striving to enhance, ensure and maintain the
quality of this M.Ed. program. The department attempts to ensure the quality of its program
through working collaboratively with the Institutional Quality Assurance Directorate Office,
Quality Assurance of IPS, Course and Research teams of the department. All these bodies are
responsible to follow-up, maintain and enhance the quality of this program through examining
need, relevance and quality of a program, curricula review and approval and enhancement of
teaching-learning processes.
The university has a Quality Assurance Policy which is meant for monitoring and evaluating
programs, teaching-learning and assessments. In addition, the university has an assessment
policy and procedures and the criteria to ensure that students are graded fairly and that standards
are appropriate and applied consistently. Internally, the Department of Teacher Education and
the Institute’s Quality Assurance Office sets in place a series of procedures and systems in line
with the University’s Quality Assurance and Institutional Transformation Directorate
recommendations and guidelines to promote, coordinate and maintain its internal quality
assurance system. These include, properly documenting all the teaching, learning and assessment
processes, creating instruments to obtain feedback from customers and stakeholders, and
ensuring transparency and accountability in all the transactions. The Department and the Quality
Assurance Office of IPS ensures that assessment methods for each course are balanced (e.g.
between continuous and end of course, formative and summative, diagnostic and attainment), are
matched to the learning outcomes and are applied appropriately. Besides, the department and the
Institute will carry out curriculum reviews every three years to update the quality and relevance
of the graduate curriculum to the contemporary needs of the country. Such curriculum reviews
will include both in-house and external reviewers to maintain reliability of the program. In
addition to this, the department has one assistant professor and two more staff members who are
on their way to finalize their terminal PhD degree who can teach in the master’s program.
Furthermore, it has two members who are on study to get their terminal PhD degrees in the near
future. The completion of these candidates will strengthen the graduate program greatly.
Moreover, teaching staff in the graduate program will be required to conduct relevant research
and produce publications in their areas of specialization. They will be encouraged to participate
their graduate students in the research and publication process. This will also advance the quality
of the graduate program.
External quality assurance, often referred to as academic auditing, is usually carried out by a
national Higher Education Relevance and Quality Agency (HERQA). This form of quality
assurance mechanism is undertaken at University level. However, the department will carry out
peer review with more experienced Institutions and Colleges as part of its external quality
assurance mechanisms to supply the University with required data. To achieve this, the following
procedures will be carried out in an external peer review audit:
The department prepares a portfolio based on a self-assessment of its internal quality
assurance system.
The portfolio is examined by an independent audit panel made up of academic peers
selected from well-experienced Universities and Institutions.
A visit to the institution will be undertaken by the audit panel to obtain first-hand
confirmation of the information provided in the portfolio.
The audit panel then submits its report containing commendations and recommendations
to the department and
Discussion will be held at the department on the audit report and improvements,
adjustments and remedies on the program will be taken accordingly.
Good practice will be benchmarked and disseminated in order to enhance quality of the
program.
9.5 Academic Staff Profile
The Department of Teacher Education has currently the following professors and instructors who
are eligible to teach in the graduate program as principal professors and co-instructors. They
have adequate experience for teaching graduate students.
Moreover, there are three more experienced assistant professors and other staff in the
department of Educational Planning and Management of the Institute of Pedagogical Sciences.
Meanwhile, expatriates (doctors and professors in the field) will be employed and senior staff
from Addis Ababa University will be invited to involve in teaching where necessary.
The thesis shall be a specialized study, under the guidance of an advisor, focusing upon
Educational topics that are of particular interest to the student. The thesis is a partial fulfilment of
the requirements of the master’s degree program. The procedures of conducting the thesis shall
follow the following steps:
a) The student shall select a topic (three to five topics) and submit to the department
committee.
b) The department committee shall approve a topic and assign a supervisor/advisor to the
student.
c) Approved topic can be modified by the student in consultation with the advisor.
d) The submission date of the thesis shall be determined by the Department in each
academic year. The student must submit five copies of the final version of the thesis.
e) Thesis presentation is open for all interested and chaired by a specialist (internal
examiner) appointed by the graduate committee of the institute.
f) The examining board of the thesis shall constitute the supervisor, an external examiner,
and a chair person (the internal examiner).
g) The examining board shall decide either to accept or reject the thesis after the student’s
presentation of his thesis (defence).
1) The work does not reflect scientific way of treating the problem raised or a thesis
that is judged with a grade of “poor”, or
2) The work is plagiarized, or
3) The work is not original and has been already used to obtain a degree from any
university or college.
A thesis must have an abstract with not more than 500 words.
The grading practices policy falls under the general framework of Mekelle University’s grading
system. Accordingly,
1. Grades are to be determined on the basis of the instructor’s best judgment as stated by the
evaluation procedures established in the course. Assigning grades is solely the
instructor’s prerogative. When a dispute over an academic or procedural matters relating
to a grade between a student and an instructor arises and yet it is not resolved, the student
may make an appeal to the Department Graduate Committee within two days after the
grade is posted. If the appeal is not made within this time limit, the assigned grade
becomes a final grade
2. The grading system for course work has a classification of : A, B+, B, C+, C, D and F
where,
A= 4:00
B+= 3.50
B= 3:00
C+= 2.50
C= 2.00
D= 1:00, and
F= 0
3. The grading system for the completed master’s thesis is demonstrated as follows:
a) Excellent Pass: For original work that shows thorough knowledge of concepts and
techniques, very well organized and expressed, sound critical evaluations, clear
command of techniques and principles of the discipline, etc.
b) Very Good: For thorough knowledge of concepts and/or techniques together with a
fairly high degree of skill in the use of those concepts and techniques.
c) Good: For better grasp of the topics, accurate knowledge, some evidence of critical
evaluation, ability to synthesize and to discriminate relevant issues, etc.
d) Competent - Acceptable level of knowledge of concepts and/or techniques together
with considerable skill in using them to satisfy the requirements of a course
e) Satisfactory: For good grasp of the topics, good level of knowledge and critical
evaluation, but lacks the ability to properly synthesize and to discriminate relevant
issues and proper treatment of the data
f) Passing - Slightly better than minimal knowledge of required concepts and/or
techniques together with some ability to use them in satisfying the requirements of a
piece of work or course.
g) Poor: For glaring inaccuracy and confusion, little or no grasp of techniques and
principles, trivial and irrelevant treatment of topics in general, a failure to
demonstrate the minimal knowledge and skills for effective work in the discipline.
12.PROGRAM COST AND BUDGET
13.3 Break down of modules/courses by year and semester for Regular Program
YEAR I SEMESTER I
Name of the Module Courses in Modules Course Course Delivery
Module Number Code ECTS Type
Curriculum and 01 Curriculum Design, CAIE 6 Block
Instruction Development and Planning 511
Curriculum Adaptation and CAIE 4 Block
Alignment 512
Curriculum Implementation and CAIE 4 Block
Change 513
Curriculum Evaluation CAIE 4 Block
514
Instructional 02 Foundation of instructional INSU 3 Block
Supervision and supervision 501
Leadership Developmental Supervision INSU 3 Block
502
Instructional Planning INSU 2 Block
522
Instructional leadership and INSU 2 Block
management 521
Total 28
YEAR I SEMESTER II
Name of the Module Courses in Modules Course Course Delivery
Module Number Code ECTS Type
Assessment in 03 Development of Learning ASIE 3 Block
Education Competencies 531
Assessment: Concepts, ASIE 4 Block
Principles and Strategies 532
Test construction and Test ASIE 5 Block
analysis 533
Research and 04 Quantitative Methods in QRME 3 Block
Thesis in Education 552 and
Education Parallel
Qualitative Methods in QRME 3 Block
Education 522
Action Research in Education ARME 2 Block
532 and
Parallel
Total 20
YEAR II SEMESTER I
Name of the Module Courses in Modules Course Course Delivery
Module Number Code ECTS Type
Contemporary 05 Inclusion of persons with CIIE 2 Block
issues in disabilities 601
Education Gender issues in Education CIIE 2 Block
602
Multicultural Education CIIE 2 Block
603
Instructional Technology CIIE 2 Block
604
Total 8
YEAR II SEMESTER II
Name of the Module Courses in Modules Course Course Delivery
Module Number Code ECTS Type
Research and 04 Thesis EDUC 12 Parallel
Thesis in 631
Education
Total 12
YEAR I SUMMER I
YEAR I DISTANCE I
Name of the Module Courses in Modules Course Course Delivery
Module Number Code ECTS Type
Contemporary 05 Inclusion of persons with CIIE 2 Distance
issues in disabilities 601
Education Gender issues in Education CIIE 2 Distance
602
Multicultural Education CIIE 2 Distance
603
Instructional Technology CIIE 2 Distance
604
Total 8
YEAR II SUMMER II
YEAR I SEMESTER I
Name of the Module Courses in Modules Course Course Mode of
Module Number Code ECTS Delivery
Curriculum and 01 Curriculum Design, CAIE 6 Block
Instruction Development and Planning 511
Curriculum Adaptation and CAIE 4 Block
Alignment 512
Curriculum Implementation and CAIE 4 Block
Change 513
Curriculum Evaluation CAIE 4 Block
514
Total 18
YEAR I SEMESTER II
YEAR I SUMMER I
YEAR II SEMESTER II
Name of the Module Courses in Modules Course Course Delivery
Module Number Code ECTS Type
Research and 04 Quantitative Methods in QRME 3 Block
Thesis in Education 512
Education Qualitative Methods in QRME 3 Block
Education 522
Action Research in Education ARME 2 Block
532
Total 8
CMIN 1042
Research in Education and Thesis
Module Booklet
Please contact us with any specific academic related queries. E-mails are checked on a regular basis and
are normally the best way to contact us.
The administration team are the first port of call for administrative information, e.g., dates & times of
modules, notifying changes in your contact details, etc. You can also get in touch with the team if you
experience difficulty in contacting a tutor or the course leader.
III) Module MAP
Module Title Research and Thesis in Education
Module Code CMIN1042
Module Leader
Credit Points 20 ECTS
Module Type Core
Pre-requisite None
Co-requisite None
Notes
V) Module Descriptor
Mekelle University
Module This module comprises 420 student learning hours (56weeks) which
Duration include 46 lecture hours, 25 hours for collaborative learning, 156
hours for professional practice (field work), 176library/home based
study hours, 17hours for presentations and examinations.
Module Delivery This module will be delivered through gapped lecture, small and large
group discussion, panel discussions, individual and group assignment
and project works, article review, conducting research and
presentations and seminars. The delivery of the module will also
include illustration of educational slides, diagrams, photographs,
movies and fieldwork using LCD and video conferencing.
Module Each module course and the units may have special and different
Assessment assessment techniques depending on the nature of theme learning
outcomes. Generally, in this module the following assessment
strategies will be used:
Group assignments / term papers /case studies report
Individual assignments / term papers /case studies report
Article review and presentation
Action research project presentation
Final examinations
Thesis defence
Teacher’s Role Responsibility of Module leader and Tutors of this module are:
Create a conducive teaching and learning environment to
achieve the major module competencies successfully.
Inform students about the learning outcomes of the module.
Organize the contents of the module appropriately.
Be punctual and starts instruction on time throughout the
module
Appropriately utilize the allocated time for each theme and
major activities included in the module.
Treat every components of the module seriously and
respectfully.
Maintain balance in assisting students achieve the module
competencies while keeping the pace of the lesson effectively.
Plan daily tasks to help students realize the intended module
learning outcomes effectively.
Maintain a highly interactive instructional pattern and involve
all students in the instructional activities.
Utilize various instructional technologies and strategies to
address various students learning needs and preferences in all
tasks.
Provide several alternative routes to task completion and
promote a collaborative working culture in the instructional
activities
Students’ Students are responsible for both their success and failure. Hence,
Responsibility they need to:
Be active to work individually and in group.
Cooperate to learn with colleagues.
Share group tasks, experiences and presentations.
Handle all tasks through independent study and cooperative
learning.
Take accountability for all tasks.
Use time wisely.
Accomplish assignments with in the specified time frame.
Be creative, critical and original in their writing, reporting and
presentations of various tasks and learning activities.
Be active to collect additional information about the module
and record it systematically for their task.
Be attentive while engaged in lecture and discussion sessions.
High degree of participation should be maintained.
Indicative In addition to the resources listed below, study supervisors will
resources provide support for individual programmes, relevant to the subject of
the enquiry.
Core text:
Mekelle University
Course Duration This course comprises 63 student learning hours (6 weeks) which
include 20 lecture hours, 10 hours for collaborative learning, 18 hours
for individual practice on statistical software (computer lab),
10library/home based study hours, 5hours for presentation and
examinations.
Course Sub Contents
syllabus( Topic,
schedule) 1. Introduction to Research
1.1 The concept of Research
1.2 The Process of Conducting Research
1.3 Approaches and Paradigm of Research
2. Quantitative Research Methods
2.1 Survey Research Design
2.2 Experimental Research Design
2.3 Quasi Experimental Research Design
3. Variables, Measurements and Scale
4. Normal Distribution
5. Sampling, Probability and Sampling Distributions
6. Hypothesis Testing (Conceptual)
6.1 Type I and Type II Error
6.2 Power in Statistics
7. Descriptive and Inferential Analysis
8. Test of the Mean
8.1 One-sample t-test
8.2 Two-sample independent groups
8.3 Two-sample dependent groups
8.4 Correlation
8.5 Simple and Multiple Linear Regression
8.6 Chi-square tests for nominal data
8.7 ANOVA and Factorial ANOVA
8.8 One- and Two- Factor Chi Square
9. Writing a Quantitative Data Analysis Report
Course Delivery This course will be delivered through gapped lecture, small and large
group discussion, individual and group assignment and project works,
The delivery of the course will also include illustration of slides using
LCD, teacher-assisted hands-on exercises with data drawn from
educational science databases to enable students conduct statistical data
analysis using primary statistical software such as MS Excel and SPSS.
Course For this course, the following assessment strategies will be used:
Assessment Individual assignments --------20%
Group assignments ------------30%
Practical Examination----------20%
Final examinations -------------30%
Students In the Ethiopian context 1ECTS is equivalent to 21 students working
workload hours. Allotment of work load is governed by the nature of delivery and
assessment strategies. The overall course delivery and assessment
strategies can be categorized into interactive, individual tasks and
practice and collaborative works. Hence, as total ECTS allotted to the
course is 5ECTS, the allotment of student workload for the three
categories is proposed as follows:
A= 4:00
B+= 3.50
B= 3:00
C+= 2.50
C= 2.00
D= 1:00, and
F= 0
Indicative In addition to the resources listed below, the instructor will provide
resources additional supportive materials for each sub contents as deemed
necessary.
Core text:
1. Agresti, A., & Finlay, B. (1986). Statistical methods for the
social sciences (2nd ed.). San Francisco: Dellen.
2. Corbin, Juliet and Anselm Strauss. 2008. The Basics of
Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for
Developing Grounded Theory. 3rd Edition. Thousand Oaks, CA:
Sage.
3. Field, A. P. (2009). Discovering statistics using SPSS (3rd ed.).
London: Sage.
4. Glass, G. V. & Hopkins, K. D. (1984). Statistical methods in
education and psychology (2nd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ:
Prentice-Hall.
5. Hinkle, D. E., Wiersma, W., & Jurs, S. G. (2003). Applied
statistics for the behavioral sciences, (5th ed.). Boston, MA:
Houghton Mifflin.
Mekelle University
Course Duration This course comprises 63 student learning hours (6 weeks) which
include 20 lecture hours, 10 hours for collaborative learning, 18 hours
for individual article review, 10library/home based study hours, 5hours
for presentation and examinations.
Course Sub Contents
syllabus( Topic,
schedule) 1. Basic concepts in qualitative research methods
2. Characteristics of and tensions within qualitative research:
historical perspectives
3. Subjectivity, reflexivity, and positionality in qualitative research
4. Major types of qualitative research methods
4.1 Ethnography
4.2 Case Study
4.3 Grounded Theory
4.4 Phenomenological Inquiry
4.5 Narrative Research
4.6 Critical Research, Critical Race Theory
4.7 Postmodern/Poststructuralist Research
5. Data analysis, presentations and reporting findings
Course Delivery This course will be delivered through gapped lecture, small and large
group discussion, individual and group assignment and project works
(article analysis), The delivery of the course will also include illustration
of slides using LCD, various articles drawn from educational science
databases to enable students conduct critical evaluation of articles
written based on qualitative research.
Course For this theme the following assessment strategies will be used:
Assessment Group assignments ------------25%
Individual Article reviews-----30%
Quizzes --------------------------15%
Final examinations -------------30%
Students In the Ethiopian context 1ECTS is equivalent to 21 students working
workload hours. Allotment of work load is governed by the nature of delivery and
assessment strategies. The overall course delivery and assessment
strategies can be categorized into interactive, individual tasks and
practice and collaborative works. Hence, as total ECTS allotted to the
course is 5ECTS, the allotment of student workload for the three
categories is proposed as follows:
A= 4:00
B+= 3.50
B= 3:00
C+= 2.50
C= 2.00
D= 1:00, and
F= 0
Indicative In addition to the resources listed below, the instructor will provide
resources additional supportive materials for each sub contents as deemed
necessary.
Core text:
Course Duration This theme comprises 42 student learning hours (4 weeks) which
include 6 lecture hours, 5 hours for collaborative learning, 20hours for
action research project work, 8 library/home based study hours, 3hours
for presentation and examinations.
Course Sub contents
syllabus( Topic, 1. Meanings and nature of Action research
schedule) 2. Purposes of conducting Action research
3. Paradigms, traditions and models of Action research
4. Reflection in Action research
5. Types of Action research
6. Processes of Action research
7. Using the literature in Action research
8. Validity and ethical issues in Action research
Course Delivery This course will be delivered through gapped lecture, small and large
group discussion, individual and group assignment and project works
(conducting action research in schools), The delivery of the course will
also include illustration of slides using LCD, various sample action
research projects drawn from educational science databases to enable
students conduct critical evaluation of articles written based on action
research.
Course For this course the following assessment strategies will be used:
Assessment Final Examination-------------30%
Action research project-------70%
Students In the Ethiopian context 1ECTS is equivalent to 21 students working
workload hours. Allotment of work load is governed by the nature of delivery and
assessment strategies. The overall course delivery and assessment
strategies can be categorized into interactive, individual tasks and
practice and collaborative works. Hence, as total ECTS allotted to the
course is 4 ECTS, the allotment of student workload for the three
categories is proposed as follows:
A= 4:00
B+= 3.50
B= 3:00
C+= 2.50
C= 2.00
D= 1:00, and
F= 0
Indicative In addition to the resources listed below, the instructor will provide
resources additional supportive materials for each sub contents as deemed
necessary.
Core text:
Course Duration This course comprises 252 student learning hours (40weeks) which
include 30for writing a research proposal, 60 hours for reviewing
literature, 40 hours for developing data collection instrument, 88 hours
for data organizing, coding, analyzing and presenting data, 30 hours for
writing summary, conclusion and recommendation, and 4hours for
presentation and defense.
Course Sub contents
syllabus( Topic,
schedule) 1. Selecting of research topic
2. Developing a thesis proposal
3. Defending a thesis proposal
4. Writing literature review
5. Developing research methods, designs and procedures
6. Developing and validating data collecting instruments
7. Organizing analyzing and presenting data
8. Writing summary, conclusions, recommendation/implications
9. Presenting and defending thesis work
Course Delivery This course will be delivered through providing individualized, ongoing
and extensive supervision, support and feedback from problem
formulation all the way to the presentation of findings, conclusions and
recommendations.
Course For this course the following assessment strategies will be used:
Assessment Research proposal-------------------------15%
Final thesis report-------------------------50%
Public examination and defence--------35%
Teacher’s Role Responsibility of thesis advisor are:
Create a conducive support and advising environment to achieve
the major course learning outcomes.
Organize the course major activities appropriately.
Be punctual provides feedback on time throughout the thesis
Appropriately utilize the allocated time for individualized
supervision and follow-up of major activities included in the
theme.
Treat every components of the theme seriously and respectfully.
Maintain balance in assisting students achieve the theme
learning outcomes while keeping the pace of the thesis work
effectively.
Plan every supervisory activity to help students realize the
intended theme learning outcomes effectively.
Maintain a highly interactive, welcoming and supportive ways of
handling students concerns and faced problem during thesis
work.
Show various national and international databases, journals and
online resources to address various students learning needs and
preferences in all thesis work.
Provide several alternative routes to task completion and
promote a healthy working culture
Work tirelessly to avoid any form of plagiarism and academic
dishonesty on the part of the learners
Students’ Students are responsible for both their success and failure. Hence, they
Responsibility need to:
Be active to work individually and in group.
Cooperate to learn with colleagues.
Share group tasks, experiences and presentations.
Handle all tasks through independent study and cooperative
learning.
Take accountability for all tasks.
Use time wisely.
Accomplish assignments with in the specified time frame.
Be creative, critical and original in their writing, reporting and
presentations of various tasks and learning activities.
Be active to collect additional information about the course and
record it systematically for their task.
Be attentive while engaged in seminar/workshops and discussion
sessions.
Grading policy The grading system for the thesis work will follow the University
grading policy stated for Master’s Thesis. Hence, it has a classification
of the following:
CMIN 1011
Curriculum and Instruction
Module Booklet
Curriculum and Instruction Module Booklet (EDUC 1011)
Welcome Letter
Tutor Contact List
Course Map
Module Descriptor
Please contact us with any specific academic related queries. E-mails are checked on a regular
basis and are normally the best way to contact us.
The administration team are the first port of call for administrative information, e.g., dates &
times of modules, notifying changes in your contact details, etc. You can also get in touch with
the team if you experience difficulty in contacting a tutor or the course leader.
III) Module MAP
Mekelle University
Module rational Current Ethiopian schools demand qualified human resources in different
fields that could provide different services for students in order to obtain
comparable quality education at all levels. Particularly, those who tied
their service with students learning and achievement need to have a
required competency to satisfy students with varied interests. Therefore,
schools need to have school leaders and teachers with deep knowledge and
skills on issues related to curriculum in order to address the different
demands of students. The knowledge on curriculum orientations and
foundations will help school leaders and teachers to organize the school
environment, instructional practices, resources and the classroom
management to attain the educational goals of the country. Besides, the
knowledge and skill on curriculum design, development and planning will
also helps school leaders and teachers to up-date and contextualize the
already existing curriculum even at school and classroom level.
Implementing curriculum as it is may not be effective in attaining the
desired educational goals in all contexts equally. Therefore, adapting the
curriculum to the context; enriching the curriculum after identifying the
gap observed in it and developing skills to assess curriculum alignment are
highly required by both school and instructional leaders for better learning
of their students. Furthermore, knowledge, skills and positive attitude
towards curriculum evaluation are also currently required competencies’
for better student learning.
Module This module deals with curriculum design, development and planning;
Description curriculum adaptation and alignment; curriculum implementation and
change, and curriculum evaluation as four basic themes of the module.
Curriculum design, development and planning theme includes curriculum
views from different philosophical perspectives, major curriculum
foundations, the curriculum design, development and planning process.
Examples of curriculum development models and the curriculum
development principles and steps will be discussed in detail manner. The
module also includes curriculum adaptation and alignment as a theme
aimed at developing skills that help scholars to contextualize and enrich
the already existing curriculum and contents that are important to assess
the general alignment of the curriculum whether it facilitates the teachers
teaching and students learning activities or not. This module also deals on
the concepts of curriculum implementation and change, curriculum
implementation models and issues related to curriculum change. Besides,
this module includes curriculum evaluation which covers Meaning of
curriculum Evaluation, The purpose of curriculum Evaluation, curriculum
Evaluation Procedures, Types of Evaluation, and criteria for Curriculum
Evaluation as contents in the theme.
Module After successful completion of this Module, the scholars will be able to:
Learning Explain the term curriculum under various contextual views and
Outcomes/ situations
Terminal Identify the expected roles of curriculum experts in relation to the
Competencies of views and the educational goals to be attained at different
the module educational levels
Recognize the differences between curriculum development and
curriculum planning
Identify the steps involved in curriculum development and
curriculum planning process
Participate in curriculum development and planning process
organized at different levels
Adapt the endorsed curriculum to their school context
Enrich the endorsed curriculum by identifying the gap it has in
collaboration with others
Assess the alignment of the endorsed and contextualized curriculum
Explain about the nature and process of curriculum implementation
Identify the possible factors that facilitate or hinder the effective
implementation of school curriculum
Elaborate the major approaches and models of curriculum
implementation
Analyze the causes, dimensions and types of curriculum change
and relate to the Ethiopian secondary school conditions
Outline the factors of resistance and mechanisms of increasing
receptivity
Develops effective classroom organization that suits to the school
context and to the topic under discussion
Introduces efficient classroom management that supports teaching
learning process in schools
Share experiences on effective classroom organization and
management to the school community
Module This module will have the following time distribution for the major five
Duration common activities of the students:
Time for interactive students activity ________ 15%
Module Delivery This module will be delivered through gapped lecture, collaborative works,
small and large group discussion, panel discussions, individual and group
assignment and project works, article review and presentations and
seminars. The delivery of the module will also include illustration of
educational slides, diagrams, photographs, movies and fieldwork using
LCD
Module Each module theme and the units may have special and different
Assessment assessment techniques depending on the nature of theme learning
outcomes. Generally, in this module the following assessment strategies
will be used:
Group assignments / term papers /case studies report
Individual assignments / term papers /case studies report
Article review and presentation
Action research project presentation
Final examinations
Teacher’s Role Responsibility of Module leader and Tutors of this module are:
Create conducive teaching and learning environment to achieve the
major module competencies successfully.
Inform students about the learning outcomes of the module.
Organize the contents of the module appropriately.
Begin on time and punctuality throughout the module
Allocate the time appropriately to master the lesson and to
accomplish it successfully.
Emphasize time devotion to academics.
Treat the course or module seriously and respectfully.
Maintain a quick lesson pace.
Plan daily tasks at helping students reach the realistic goals.
Maintain a highly interactive instructional pattern and involve all
students in the instructional activities.
Support students to approach all tasks.
Provide several alternative routes to task completion and involve
all students in the instructional activities
Students’ Students are responsible for both their success and failure. Hence, they
Responsibility need to:
Be active to work individually and in group.
Cooperate to learn with colleagues.
Share group tasks, experiences and presentations.
Handle all tasks through independents study and cooperative
learning.
Take accountability for all tasks.
Use time wisely.
Accomplish assignments of the allocated time.
Be creative in your tasks and learning activities.
Be active to collect additional information about the course/or
module and record it systematically for your task.
Get attention while lecturing and discussion.
High degree of participation should be maintained.
Indicative In addition to the resources listed below, study supervisors will provide
resources support for individual programmes, relevant to the subject of the enquiry.
Core text:
VI) Course Catalogue
Mekelle University
Course This theme comprises 126 student learning hours (4 weeks) which
Duration include 19 lecture hours, 44 hours for collaborative learning, 25 hours
for professional practice (field work), 25 home based study hours,13
hours for presentation.
Course 2. 1 conceptualizing curriculum
syllabus( Top .2.1.1. Meaning, scope, and discipline of curriculum
ic, schedule) 2.1.2. Meaning of ‘curriculum development’ ‘curriculum design’ and
curriculum planning
.2.1.2 Curriculum planning process
1.2.3.1 Need assessment
1.2.3.2 Formulation of objectives
1.2.3.3. Selection of contents and learning experiences
1.2.3.4 Organization of contents and learning experiences
2.1.3. Foundations of curriculum and curricular views
.2.1.4 Curriculum development models
2.1.5. Curriculum and the teacher
Course This module will be delivered through gap lecture, group discussion
Delivery and doing group assignment using 1 to 5 collaborative learning net
working, brainstorming, group discussion and reading assignments.
The delivery of the module will also include illustration slides,
diagrams, photographs, movies and fieldwork.
-oral questioning
-assessment of individual and collaborative tasks
-assessment of individual projects
-short tests
-final exam
Individual works= 20% of the total work load, ie, 20 X168/ 100=
25 hours
A= 4:00
B+= 3.50
B= 3:00
C+= 2.50
C= 2.00
D= 1:00, and
F= 0
Indicative In addition to the resources listed below, study supervisors will provide
resources support for individual programmes, relevant to the subject of the
enquiry.
Core text:
Aggarwal, J.C. (1996). Principles, Methods and Techniques of
Teaching. New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House Pvt.
Ltd.
Berhane Girmay and Haile G. (2005).Module: General Methods of
Teaching. Mekelle University (unpublished).
Berhane Girmay and Ahunim Gedif (2006).Module: Curriculum
Studies. Mekelle University (unpublished)
Borich,Carry,D.(1988).Effective Teaching Methods. London:
Macmillan publishing company.
Briggs, L.J and et al (1981). Hand book of Procedures for the Design
of Instruction, (2nd ed). New Jersey: Educational Technology
Publications. .
Callahan, J.F. and Clark, L.H., (1988). Teaching in the Middle and
Secondary Schools: Planning for Competence (3rd ed.,
New York: Macmillan Publishing company
Derebsa Dufera (2004).Fundamentals of Curriculum Development.
Addis Ababa: Addis Ababa University press.
Elliott, J. (1998). The Curriculum Experiment: Meeting the Challenge
of Social Change. Open University press, Buckinghan,
Philadelphia
Farrant, J.S. (1980). Principles and Practices of Education. (2nd ed).
London: Longman, Groups UK Ltd.
Fullan,M.E. (1991).The New Meaning of Educational Change. London:
Cassel Educational Ltd.
Kasambira,K.P.(1993).Lesson Planning and Class Management.
London: Longman limited.
Marsh ,J. C. (2004). Key Concepts for Understanding Curriculum (3rd
ed). London: Routledge flamer
McNeil,JohnD.(1990). Curriculum: A Comprehensive Introduction (4th
ed.) USA: Harper Collins publishers.
Ornstein, C. A. and Hunkins, P. F. (2004). Curriculum foundation,
Principles and issues (4th ed.). Boston PEARSON
Print,Murray (1987). Curriculum Development and Design. New
York: Macmillan publishing company
Ronald, C. D. (1992). Curriculum Improvement. Decision making and
process (8th ed.). Boston:Allyn and Bacon.
Mekelle University
Course This module will be delivered through gap lecture, group discussion
Delivery and doing group assignment using 1 to 5 collaborative learning net
working, brainstorming, group discussion and reading assignments.
The delivery of the module will also include illustration slides,
diagrams, photographs, movies and fieldwork.
Course For this course, the following assessment strategies will be used:
Assessment Individual assignments --------20%
Group assignments ------------30%
Practical Examination----------20%
Final examinations -------------30%
Individual works= 20% of the total work load, ie, 20 X 84/ 100=
17 hours
Mekelle University
Course For this course, the following assessment strategies will be used:
Assessment Individual assignments --------20%
Group assignments ------------30%
Practical Examination----------20%
Final examinations -------------30%
Individual works= 20% of the total work load, ie, 20 X 84/ 100=
17 hours
Mekelle University
Course This module comprises 105 student learning hours ( 5 weeks) which
Duration include 16 lecture hours, 37 hours for collaborative learning, 21 hours for
professional practice (field work), 21 home based study hours,10 hours
for presentation.
Course Theme 4: Curriculum Evaluation
syllabus( Top 4.1Meaning of Curriculum Evaluation
ic, schedule) 4.2The Purpose of Curriculum Evaluation
4.3 Curriculum Evaluation Models
4.4 Principles of Curriculum Evaluation
4.5 Curriculum Evaluation Procedures
4.6 Types of Evaluation
4.7 Criteria for Curriculum Evaluation
Course This module will be delivered through gap lecture, group discussion and
Delivery doing group assignment using 1 to 5 collaborative learning net working,
brainstorming, group discussion and reading assignments. The delivery of
the module will also include illustration slides, diagrams, photographs
and fieldwork.
The course will be delivered through instructional strategies that help the
development of higher order thinking students through an in-depth
understanding, application, analysis, evaluation and creative thinking. To
help this, the following instructional strategies are proposed:
-informal lecture
-individual reading assignments
-collaborative learning strategies
-presentations on individual reading assignments
-school observations and report writing
Course For this course, the following assessment strategies will be used:
Assessment Individual assignments --------20%
Group assignments ------------30%
Practical Examination----------20%
Final examinations -------------30%
Interactive = 15% of the total work load, ie, 15X 105/100= 16 hours
Individual works= 20% of the total work load, ie, 20 X105/ 100= 21
hours
Mekelle University
Institute of Pedagogical Sciences
Department of Teacher Education
M
M od
od ul
ule e
Y Se T
E qu Y
PE
A en
ce
R
CMIN 1031
Assessment in Education
Module Booklet
Welcome Letter
Tutor Contact List
Course Map
Module Descriptor
Please contact us with any specific academic related queries. E-mails are checked on a regular
basis and are normally the best way to contact us.
The administration team are the first port of call for administrative information, e.g., dates &
times of modules, notifying changes in your contact details, etc. You can also get in touch with
the team if you experience difficulty in contacting a tutor or the course leader.
V) Module Descriptor
Mekelle University
Mekelle University
Course Duration This theme comprises 38 student learning hours (3 weeks) which include 10
lecture hours, 8 hours for collaborative learning, 16 library/home based
study hours, 4 hours for presentation and examinations.
Course syllabus Sub Themes
(Topic, schedule) 9.1 Key concepts and definitions
9.2 Learning competencies: characteristics and importance
9.3 Developing learning competencies
9.4 Learning competencies and assessment
Course Delivery This theme will be delivered through the following methods:
gapped lecture,
small and large group discussion,
individual and group assignment, and
project works.
Course For this theme the following assessment strategies will be used:
Assessment Individual assignments
Group assignments
Quizzes
Students The total ECTS allotted to the theme is 2ECTS, the allotment of student
workload workload for the three categories is proposed as follows:
interactive= 35% of the total workload i.e 35x42/100=15 hours
individual tasks= 50% of the total workload i.e 50x42/100=21 hours
collaborative tasks=15% of the total workload i.e 15x42/100=6
hours
Teacher’s Role Responsibility of theme instructor are:
Create a conducive teaching and learning environment to achieve
the major theme learning outcomes.
Organize the theme contents appropriately.
Be punctual and start instruction on time throughout the theme
Appropriately utilize the allocated time for each sub-theme and
major activities included in the theme.
Treat every components of the theme seriously and respectfully.
Maintain balance in assisting students achieve the theme learning
outcomes while keeping the pace of the lesson effectively.
Plan daily tasks to help students realize the intended theme learning
outcomes effectively.
Maintain a highly interactive instructional pattern and involve all
students in the instructional activities.
Utilize various instructional technologies to address various students
learning needs and preferences in all tasks.
Provide several alternative routes to task completion and promote a
collaborative working culture in the instructional activities
Students’ Students are responsible for both their success and failure. Hence, they need
Responsibility to:
Be active to work individually and in groups.
Cooperate to learn with colleagues.
Share group tasks, experiences and presentations.
Handle all tasks through independent study and cooperative
learning.
Take accountability for all tasks.
Use time wisely.
Accomplish assignments with in the specified time frame.
Be creative, critical and original in their writing, reporting and
presentations of various tasks and learning activities.
Be active to collect additional information about the theme and
record it systematically for their task.
Be attentive while engaged in lecture and discussion sessions.
maintain high degree of participation.
Use computer lab to conduct various statistical analysis.
Grading policy The grading system for this theme will follow the University grading policy
stated for postgraduate students. Hence, it has a classification of : A, B+, B,
C+, C, D and F where,
A= 4:00
B+= 3.50
B= 3:00
C+= 2.50
C= 2.00
D= 1:00, and
F= 0
Indicative List of Reading Materials
resources The following are possible reading materials suggested for the different
themes covered in the module.
Course Delivery This theme deals with conceptualization of the different terms used to
indicate assessment and evaluation of learning. Hence, the following
methods are recommended:
A. Discussion - it is recommended to use discussions to integrate
students' experience based understandings with the scientific
explanations.
B. Investigation - the instructor can use investigation to relate
concepts with policy ideas.
C. Lecture – the instructor is supposed to deliver explanations
about different definitions and concepts of assessment and evaluation
of learning.
D. Problem solving method – present actual assessment problems
and ask students to come up with solutions.
Course To get information on student learning and improve instruction
Assessment accordingly, the following techniques of assessment should be used:
Observation while students are discussing;
Presentation of group work results to know their level of
understanding, to give feedback and to provide comments;
Review of policy documents such as the Ethiopian National Teacher
Professional Competence Development assurance package
quiz
Students The total ECTS allotted to the theme is 4ECTS, the allotment of student
workload workload for the three categories is proposed as follows:
interactive= 30% of the total workload i.e 30x84/100=25 hours
individual tasks= 40% of the total workload i.e 40x84/100=34 hours
collaborative tasks=30% of the total workload i.e 30x84/100=25
hours
A= 4:00
B+= 3.50
B= 3:00
C+= 2.50
C= 2.00
D= 1:00, and
F= 0
Indicative List of Reading Materials
resources
1. Angelo, T.A. & Cross, K.P (1993). Classroom Assessment
Techniques; A Handbook for College Teachers. 2 nd Ed. San
Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
2. Braun, H., Kanjee, A., Bettinger, E., and Kremer. M. (2006).
Improving Education through Assessment, Innovation, and
Evaluation. American Academy of Arts and Sciences
3. Educational Testing Services. Linking Classroom Assessment with
Student Learning.
4. Ellis, V. (Ed). (2007). Learning and Teaching in Secondary
Schools. 3rd ed. Learning Matters Ltd
5. McDonald E. S. & Hershman D. M. (2010). Classrooms that Spark!
Recharge and Revive Your Teaching. 2nd Ed. San Francisco: Jossey-
Bass Publishers.
6. Phye, G. D. (ed). (1997). Handbook of Classroom Assessment
Learning, Achievement, and Adjustment. San Diago: Academic
Press.
7. Spiller, D. (2009). Assessment: Feedback to promote student
learning. Teaching Development| Wāhanga Whakapakari Ako
8. Western and Northern Canadian Protocol for Collaboration in
Education. (2006). Rethinking Classroom Assessment with Purpose
in Mind: Assessment for Learning, Assessment as Learning, and
Assessment of Learning
Mekelle University
CMIN 1052
Contemporary Issues in Education
Module Booklet
Contemporary Issues in Education Module Booklet (CMIN1052)
Welcome Letter
Tutor Contact List
Course Map
Module Descriptor
Please contact us with any specific academic related queries. E-mails are checked on a regular
basis and are normally the best way to contact us.
The administration team are the first port of call for administrative information, e.g., dates &
times of modules, notifying changes in your contact details, etc. You can also get in touch with
the team if you experience difficulty in contacting a tutor or the course leader.
III) Module MAP
Module Title Contemporary Issues in Education
Module Code CMIN 1052
Module Leader
Credit Points 8 ECTS
Module Type Supportive
Pre-requisite None
Co-requisite None
Notes
V) Module description
Mekelle University
Institute of Pedagogical Sciences
Teacher Education Department
Program
MEd in Curriculum and Instructional Supervision
Module Title
Contemporary Issues in Education
Module Code
CMIN-1052
Module ECTS
8 ECTS
Module Type
Supportive
Pre-requisite
None
Co-requisite
None
Module Leader
TBA
Module
Description The purpose of this module is to equip trainees with the basic and necessary
theoretical concepts and practically working principles of contemporary
issues in education in the 21st century. As matter of fact these days all
educational professionals particularly curriculum experts and supervisors are
expected to have the knowledge, skills, and develop a sense of positive
affective in contemporary issues in education. As a result, it is very essential
for curriculum experts and supervisors to take the course to have the
expected qualities to date. Taking this course will enable the trainee to
develop and understand the necessary qualities in developing, implementing,
and evaluating the curriculum in relation to the contemporary issues in
education, and it would be very supportive for supervisors to guide their end
over efforts. The general course contents will include education of persons
with special educational needs particularly education of persons with
disabilities, gender issues in education, Instructional technology (IT), and
multicultural education. Having knowledge and skills on this areas will help
trainee in professional practice to support lower level experts and the whole
school system effectively.
Module Up on the completion of the module all students should:
Learning
Outcomes/ Understand about the education of persons with disabilities, gender
Terminal issues in education, multicultural education, and the contribution of IT to
Competencies of quality education.
the module
Develop skills in how to develop, implement, evaluate and supervise
disability issues, gender issues, multicultural issues, and instructional
technology in a curriculum.
Module This module comprises 168 student learning hours (5 weeks) which include
Duration 40 lecture hours, 40 hours for collaborative learning, 40 hours for
professional practice (field work), 28 home based study and library reading
hours, 20 hours for presentation.
Module Delivery This module will be delivered through gap lecture, group discussion and
doing group assignment supported by presentation, group discussion, field
work, demonstration and reading assignments. The delivery of the module
will also include illustration slides, diagrams, movies, case studies and
fieldwork.
Module Depending on the nature of the course objectives this module of each course
Assessment will involves:
Group assignments and Individual assignment / term papers /case
studies --------20%
Presentation -------20%
Field Report --------20%
Final examination -------40%
Teacher’s Role Responsibility of Module leader and Tutors of this module are:
Inform students about the realistic objectives of the course.
Align each contents and sub-contents to the context of curriculum
and instructional supervision
Organize the contents of the course or module appropriately.
Begin on time and punctuality throughout the module
Use time appropriately to master the lesson and to accomplish it
successfully.
Treat the course or module seriously and respectfully.
Maintain a quick lesson pace.
Plan daily tasks at helping students reach the realistic goals.
Maintain a highly interactive instructional pattern and involve all
students in the instructional activities.
Support students to approach all tasks.
Provide several alternative routes to task completion and involve all
students in the instructional activities
Assess students appropriately
Students’ Students are responsible for their success and failure. Hence, they need to:
Responsibility Be active to work individually and in group.
Cooperate to learn with colleagues.
Share group tasks, experiences and presentations.
Handle all tasks through independents study and cooperative
learning.
Take accountability for all tasks.
Use time wisely.
Accomplish assignments with in the allocated time.
Be creative in your tasks and learning activities.
Be active to collect additional information about the course/or
module and record it systematically for your task.
Get attention while lecturing and discussion.
High degree of participation should be maintained.
Indicative Heward, W., and Orlansky, M. (1988). Exceptional Children: An
resources Introductory Survey of Special Education. Columbus: Merrill
publishing company.
Paul Martin 2007, Inclusion of Students with Special Educational Needs:
Post-Primary Guidelines Department of Education and Science.
Printed by Brunswick Press Ltd. Dublin.
Tirussew, T. (2005). Disability in Ethiopia: Issues, Insights, and
Implications. A.A.U Printing Press
UNESCO, (1994), “The Salamanca Statement and Framework For Action on
Special Needs Education”
Ysseldyke, J. E., and Algozzine, B. (1995). Special Education: A
practical Approach for Teachers: Houghton Mifflin, Boston
Boston, Jane, et al. “Classroom Technology and its Global connections”
Media and methods (Febrauary 1991); 48-49
Brown, JW, et al. 1985. AV Instruction, Technology, Media and Methods,
6thed.NY: McGraw-Hall.Inc.
Brown,JW,et al. 1985. AV Instruction, Technology, Media and Methods, 6 th
ed. NY: McGraw-Hill Book Company
Dale, Edgar.1969.Audiovisiual Methods in Teaching,3rd ed. N.Y: Dryden
Press
Deutsch, Williams. ‘Teaching Machines, Programming, Computers, and
Instructional Technology:. Performance and Instruction 31 (February
1992); 14-20
Gibbons, Andrew, “the Future of Computer managed Instruction”
Educational Technology 33 (1993)7-11
Heinich R, et al. 1996. Instructional Media &Technologies for learning. New
Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc.
Robby, MD,et al. 1997 integrating Educational Technology into Teaching.
New: Prentice-Hall inc.
Wedman, John F. “increase in the use of Media in the schools”
Educational Technology (October 1988; 26-31
Mekelle University
Institute of Pedagogical Sciences
Teacher Education Department
Program
MEd in Curriculum and Instructional Supervision
Course Title
Inclusive Education
Course Code
CIIE-601
Course ECTS
2 ECTS
Instructor
Name TBA
Instructor’s Office Number ______________________________
Contact Mobile _____________________________________
Information E-mail _____________________________________
Course This course tries to discuss the education of persons with disabilities,
Description particularly the past and current trends of education of persons with
disabilities in Ethiopia, models of disability, inclusion of persons with
disability in regular classrooms, and the international and national legal
provisions of persons with disabilities. Therefore, this course provides basic
knowledge and concept for trainees on how to help students with special
needs, design curriculum, implement, evaluate, and supervise school
practices in relation to the education of persons with disabilities.
1.3.2. Components
1.3.3. Benefits
1.3.4. Challenges
1.3.5. Opportunities
1.4.2. National
Course This module will be delivered through gap lecture, group discussion and
Delivery doing group assignment supported by presentation, group discussion, field
work, demonstration and reading assignments. The delivery of the module
will also include illustration slides, diagrams, movies, case studies and
fieldwork.
Course Learning Up on the completion of the course all students should have:
objectives Understand the fundamental nature of gender
Know different gender theories
Understand the contribution of gender education to
development
Appreciate for gender sensitive pedagogy
Incorporate gender issue in the curriculum components
Understand the ways how gender violence occurs and their
ways of prevention.
Course Duration This module comprises 42 student learning hours which include 10
lecture hours, 10 hours for collaborative learning, 10 hours for
professional practice (field work), 7 home based study and library
reading hours, 5 hours for presentation.
Course Delivery This module will be delivered through gap lecture, group discussion and
doing group assignment supported by presentation, group discussion,
field work, demonstration and reading assignments. The delivery of the
module will also include illustration slides, diagrams, movies, case
studies and fieldwork.
Course This course will involves:
Assessment Group assignments and Individual assignment / term papers
/case studies --------20%
Presentation -------20%
Field Report --------20%
Final examination -------40%
Students In the Ethiopian context 1ECTS is equivalent to 21 students working
workload hours. Allotment of work load is governed by the nature of delivery and
assessment strategies. The overall course delivery and assessment
strategies can be categorized into interactive, individual tasks and
practice and collaborative works. Hence, as total ECTS allotted to the
course is 4 ECTS, the allotment of student workload for the three
categories is proposed as follows:
Mekelle University
Institute of Pedagogical Sciences
Teacher Education Department
Program
MEd in Curriculum and Instructional Supervision
Course Title
Multicultural Education
Course Code
CIIE-103
Course ECTS
2 ECTS
Instructor Name
TBA
Instructor’s Office Number ______________________________
Contact Mobile _____________________________________
Information E-mail _____________________________________
Course This will tries to discuss basic concepts of multicultural education,
Description dimensions of multicultural education, cultural responsive pedagogy,
multicultural education in the context of Ethiopia, and multicultural
education for enriching students learning. So, taking this course will
enable trainee to understand the issue of multicultural education that
would be helpful to promote faire professional practice. Having this
concept will enable the curriculum experts to be fair in culture issues
and incorporate diversified cultural issues in designing, implementing
and evaluating their curriculum, as well provide necessary supports for
lower level experts during supervisory practice.
Course Learning Up on the completion of the course all students should have:
objectives Understand the fundamental nature of multicultural
education
Know different dimensions of multicultural education
Understand the contribution of culture to enrich students
learning
Appreciate diversified culture as an opportunity for better
leaning
Incorporate cultural issues in the curriculum components
Understand the ways how to entertain diversified cultures
Course Duration This module comprises 42 student learning hours which include 10
lecture hours, 10 hours for collaborative learning, 10 hours for
professional practice (field work), 7 home based study and library
reading hours, 5 hours for presentation.
Course Delivery This module will be delivered through gap lecture, group discussion and
doing group assignment supported by presentation, group discussion,
field work, demonstration and reading assignments. The delivery of the
module will also include illustration slides, diagrams, movies, case
studies and fieldwork.
Mekelle University
Institute of Pedagogical Sciences
Teacher Education Department
Program
MEd in Curriculum and Instructional Supervision
Course Title
Instructional Technology
Course Code
CIIE-104
Course ECTS
2 ECTs
Instructor
Name TBA
Instructor’s Office Number ______________________________
Contact Mobile _____________________________________
Information E-mail _____________________________________
Course This will tries to discuss basic concepts and nature of instructional
Description technology, technology for instructional purpose, digital learning
environment, technology for educational data management and
utilization, classification of instructional technology, and educational
Informatics. So, this course will help trainees to understand the holistic
nature and basic educational applications of technology. Particularly the
curriculum experts will have understanding and the basic necessary
skills with the hard ware and digital learning technologies.
Course Up on the completion of the course all students should have:
Learning Understand the fundamental nature of instructional
objectives technology
Know the types of digital learning technologies
Understand the contribution of technology for students
learning
Demonstrate to use technology for educational data
management and utilization
Understand what educational informatics is about.
Use technology during development, implementation, and
evaluation of curriculum.
Course This module will be delivered through gap lecture, group discussion and
Delivery doing group assignment supported by presentation, group discussion,
field work, demonstration and reading assignments. The delivery of the
module will also include illustration slides, diagrams, movies, case
studies and fieldwork.
EDUC1021
Instructional Supervision and Leadership
Module Booklet
Please contact us with any specific academic related queries. E-mails are checked on a regular basis and
are normally the best way to contact us.
The administration team are the first port of call for administrative information, e.g., dates & times of
modules, notifying changes in your contact details, etc. You can also get in touch with the team if you
experience difficulty in contacting a tutor or the course leader.
IX) Module MAP
Module Title Instructional supervision and leadership
Module Code EDUC1021
Module Leader Tadesse K
Credit Points 10 ECTS
Module Type Core
Pre-requisite None
Co-requisite None
Notes
X) Theme Map
Thematic Frames Theme code Credit
points(ECTS)
Module As has been clearly mentioned in the rationale of the module, the
Descriptions ultimate aim of curriculum and instructional supervision is improving
students learning through improvements of teacher’s teaching through
effective instructional supervision and leadership. To meet this
purpose the module introduces students with the foundations of
supervision, developmental supervision, instructional planning and
instructional leadership and management.
Module With a successful completion of this course, the students will be
Learning able to:
Outcomes/ -explain the global and national historical developments of
Terminal supervision.
Competencies of
the module -summarize the purpose of instructional supervision.
-compare and contrast the supervisory practices of Ethiopia at
different periods.
-produce a report on the current supervisory practices in Ethiopia.
-explain the link between supervisory intervention and improvement
of students learning.
-interpret the role of a supervisor for CPD and ISP
-oral questioning
-assessment of individual and collaborative tasks
-assessment of individual projects
-short tests
-final exam
Teacher’s Role Responsibility of Module leader and Tutors of this module are:
Create a conducive teaching and learning environment to
achieve the major module competencies successfully.
Inform students about the learning outcomes of the module.
Organize the contents of the module appropriately.
Be punctual and starts instruction on time throughout the
module
Appropriately utilize the allocated time for each theme and
major activities included in the module.
Treat every components of the module seriously and
respectfully.
Maintain balance in assisting students achieve the module
competencies while keeping the pace of the lesson effectively.
Plan daily tasks to help students realize the intended module
learning outcomes effectively.
Maintain a highly interactive instructional pattern and involve
all students in the instructional activities.
Utilize various instructional technologies and strategies to
address various students learning needs and preferences in all
tasks.
Provide several alternative routes to task completion and
promote a collaborative working culture in the instructional
activities
Students’ Students are responsible for both their success and failure. Hence,
Responsibility they need to:
Be active to work individually and in group.
Cooperate to learn with colleagues.
Share group tasks, experiences and presentations.
Handle all tasks through independent study and cooperative
learning.
Take accountability for all tasks.
Use time wisely.
Accomplish assignments with in the specified time frame.
Be creative, critical and original in their writing, reporting and
presentations of various tasks and learning activities.
Be active to collect additional information about the module
and record it systematically for their task.
Be attentive while engaged in lecture and discussion sessions.
High degree of participation should be maintained.
Indicative 1. Burke, P.J. & Krey, R.D., 2004, Supervision: a guide to
resources instructional leadership, Charles c Thomas publisher ltd,
Illinois.
2. Bush, T., 2011, Theories of educational leadership and
management, sage company, London.
3. Horsford, S.D. (ed), 2010, New perspectives in educational
leadership: exposing social, political, community contexts and
meaning.
4. MoE, 1994, The Ethiopian education and training policy,
Addis Ababa.
5. MoE, year, Guideline for educational supervision, Addis
Ababa
6. MoE., 2013, Ethiopian Teaching Profession Standards,
7. MoE, 2013, Ethiopian Teachers Performance Assessment
Guideline, Addis Ababa.
8. Price, K., & Nelson, K., 2013, planning effective instruction:
diversity responsive methods and management, CENGAGE
learning, London.
9. Sullivan, S. & Glanz, J., 2009, supervision that improves
teaching and learning: strategies and techniques, sage
company, India.
10. Stompson, P., Lopez-real, F., Bunton, D., Chan, D.W., Sivan,
A., & Williams, M., 2000, Better supervision better teaching,
Hong Kong University press, Hong Kong.
11. Waite, D., 1995, Rethinking instructional supervision: notes
on its language and culture, The Falmer press, London.
XII) Course Catalogue
Mekelle University
Course As has been clearly mentioned in the rationale of the course, the
Description ultimate aim of instructional supervision is improving students learning
through improvements of teacher’s teaching through effective
instructional supervision and leadership. To meet this purpose the
course introduces students with the global and national historical trends
of supervision in general and instructional supervision in particular, the
purpose of instructional supervision, the theories and principles guiding
supervisory support, the link between instructional supervision and
teachers continuous professional development and school improvement
programs.
Course learning With a successful completion of this course, the students will be able
outcomes to:
-explain the global and national historical developments of supervision.
-summarize the purpose of instructional supervision.
-compare and contrast the supervisory practices of Ethiopia at different
periods.
-produce a report on the current supervisory practices in Ethiopia.
-explain the link between supervisory intervention and improvement of
students learning.
-interpret the role of a supervisor for CPD and ISP
Course Delivery The course will be delivered through instructional strategies that help
the development of higher order thinking students through an in-depth
understanding, application, analysis, evaluation and creative thinking.
To help this, the following instructional strategies are proposed:
-informal lecture
-individual reading assignments
-collaborative learning strategies
-presentations on individual reading assignments
-school observations and report writing
-oral questioning
-assessment of individual and collaborative tasks
-assessment of individual projects
-short tests
-final exam
Teacher’s Role Responsibility of course instructor are:
Create a conducive teaching and learning environment to
achieve the major course learning outcomes.
Organize the theme contents and computer lab appropriately.
Be punctual and starts instruction on time throughout the theme
Appropriately utilize the allocated time for each subtheme and
major activities included in the theme.
Treat every components of the course seriously and respectfully.
Maintain balance in assisting students achieve the theme
learning outcomes while keeping the pace of the lesson
effectively.
Plan daily tasks to help students realize the intended theme
learning outcomes effectively.
Maintain a highly interactive instructional pattern and involve all
students in the instructional activities.
Utilize various instructional technologies including software,
databases and online learning exercises to address various
students learning needs and preferences in all tasks.
Provide several alternative routes to task completion and
promote a collaborative working culture in the instructional
activities
Students’ Students are responsible for both their success and failure. Hence, they
Responsibility need to:
Be active to work individually and in group.
Cooperate to learn with colleagues.
Share group tasks, experiences and presentations.
Handle all tasks through independent study and cooperative
learning.
Take accountability for all tasks.
Use time wisely.
Accomplish assignments with in the specified time frame.
Be creative, critical and original in their writing, reporting and
presentations of various tasks and learning activities.
Be active to collect additional information about the theme and
record it systematically for their task.
Be attentive while engaged in lecture and discussion sessions.
High degree of participation should be maintained.
Use computer lab to conduct various statistical analysis.
Grading policy The grading system for this course will follow the University grading
policy stated for postgraduate students. Hence, it has a classification of :
A, B+, B, C+, C, D and F where,
A= 4:00
B+= 3.50
B= 3:00
C+= 2.50
C= 2.00
D= 1:00, and
F= 0
Indicative 1. Burke, P.J. & Krey, R.D., 2004, Supervision: a guide to
resources instructional leadership, Charles c Thomas publisher ltd, Illinois.
2. Bush, T., 2011, Theories of educational leadership and
management, sage company, London.
3. Horsford, S.D. (ed), 2010, New perspectives in educational
leadership: exposing social, political, community contexts and
meaning.
4. MoE, 1994, The Ethiopian education and training policy, Addis
Ababa.
5. MoE, year, Guideline for educational supervision, Addis Ababa
6. MoE., 2013, Ethiopian Teaching Profession Standards,
7. MoE, 2013, Ethiopian Teachers Performance Assessment
Guideline, Addis Ababa.
8. Sullivan, S. & Glanz, J., 2009, supervision that improves
teaching and learning: strategies and techniques, sage company,
India.
9. Stompson, P., Lopez-real, F., Bunton, D., Chan, D.W., Sivan,
A., & Williams, M., 2000, Better supervision better teaching,
Hong Kong University press, Hong Kong.
10. Waite, D., 1995, Rethinking instructional supervision: notes on
its language and culture, The Falmer press, London.
Mekelle University
Course learning With a successful completion of this course, the students will be able
outcomes to:
-explain the role of supervision to SIP
-summarize
-compare and contrast Coaching and mentoring
-produce a report on classroom observation using observation tools
-explain the link between supervision, professional development and
teacher education
-interpret the role of developmental supervision to improve students’
learning
-oral questioning
-assessment of individual and collaborative tasks
-assessment of individual projects
-short tests
-final exam
Teacher’s Role Responsibility of course instructor are:
Create a conducive teaching and learning environment to
achieve the major course learning outcomes.
Organize the theme contents and computer lab appropriately.
Be punctual and starts instruction on time throughout the theme
Appropriately utilize the allocated time for each subtheme and
major activities included in the theme.
Treat every components of the course seriously and respectfully.
Maintain balance in assisting students achieve the theme
learning outcomes while keeping the pace of the lesson
effectively.
Plan daily tasks to help students realize the intended theme
learning outcomes effectively.
Maintain a highly interactive instructional pattern and involve all
students in the instructional activities.
Utilize various instructional technologies including software,
databases and online learning exercises to address various
students learning needs and preferences in all tasks.
Provide several alternative routes to task completion and
promote a collaborative working culture in the instructional
activities
Students’ Students are responsible for both their success and failure. Hence, they
Responsibility need to:
Be active to work individually and in group.
Cooperate to learn with colleagues.
Share group tasks, experiences and presentations.
Handle all tasks through independent study and cooperative
learning.
Take accountability for all tasks.
Use time wisely.
Accomplish assignments with in the specified time frame.
Be creative, critical and original in their writing, reporting and
presentations of various tasks and learning activities.
Be active to collect additional information about the theme and
record it systematically for their task.
Be attentive while engaged in lecture and discussion sessions.
High degree of participation should be maintained.
Use computer lab to conduct various statistical analysis.
Grading policy The grading system for this course will follow the University grading
policy stated for postgraduate students. Hence, it has a classification of :
A, B+, B, C+, C, D and F where,
A= 4:00
B+= 3.50
B= 3:00
C+= 2.50
C= 2.00
D= 1:00, and
F= 0
Indicative 1. Burke, P.J. & Krey, R.D., 2004, Supervision: a guide to
resources instructional leadership, Charles c Thomas publisher ltd, Illinois.
2. Bush, T., 2011, Theories of educational leadership and
management, sage company, London.
3. Horsford, S.D. (ed), 2010, New perspectives in educational
leadership: exposing social, political, community contexts and
meaning.
4. MoE, 1994, The Ethiopian education and training policy, Addis
Ababa.
5. MoE, year, Guideline for educational supervision, Addis Ababa
6. MoE., 2013, Ethiopian Teaching Profession Standards,
7. MoE, 2013, Ethiopian Teachers Performance Assessment
Guideline, Addis Ababa.
8. Sullivan, S. & Glanz, J., 2009, supervision that improves
teaching and learning: strategies and techniques, sage company,
India.
9. Stompson, P., Lopez-real, F., Bunton, D., Chan, D.W., Sivan,
A., & Williams, M., 2000, Better supervision better teaching,
Hong Kong University press, Hong Kong.
10. Waite, D., 1995, Rethinking instructional supervision: notes on
its language and culture, The Falmer press, London.
Mekelle University
Course learning With a successful completion of this course, the students will be able
outcomes to:
- Explain the purpose of planning.
-Compare and contrast educational and instructional planning.
-Prepare instructional planning that aligns all its components.
-Give examples of instructional plans from both models of instructional
planning
Course Delivery The course will be delivered through instructional strategies that help
the development of higher order thinking students through an in-depth
understanding, application, analysis, evaluation and creative thinking.
To help this, the following instructional strategies are proposed:
-informal lecture
-individual reading assignments
-collaborative learning strategies
-presentations on individual reading assignments
-debate on pros and cons of the two models of instructional planning
-produce and report instructional plans that align its components
-oral questioning
-assessment of individual and collaborative tasks
-assessment of individual projects on educational and instructional plans
-short tests
-final exam
Teacher’s Role Responsibility of course instructor are:
Create a conducive teaching and learning environment to
achieve the major course learning outcomes.
Organize the theme contents and computer lab appropriately.
Be punctual and starts instruction on time throughout the theme
Appropriately utilize the allocated time for each subtheme and
major activities included in the theme.
Treat every components of the course seriously and respectfully.
Maintain balance in assisting students achieve the theme
learning outcomes while keeping the pace of the lesson
effectively.
Plan daily tasks to help students realize the intended theme
learning outcomes effectively.
Maintain a highly interactive instructional pattern and involve all
students in the instructional activities.
Utilize various instructional technologies including software,
databases and online learning exercises to address various
students learning needs and preferences in all tasks.
Provide several alternative routes to task completion and
promote a collaborative working culture in the instructional
activities
Students’ Students are responsible for both their success and failure. Hence, they
Responsibility need to:
Be active to work individually and in group.
Cooperate to learn with colleagues.
Share group tasks, experiences and presentations.
Handle all tasks through independent study and cooperative
learning.
Take accountability for all tasks.
Use time wisely.
Accomplish assignments with in the specified time frame.
Be creative, critical and original in their writing, reporting and
presentations of various tasks and learning activities.
Be active to collect additional information about the theme and
record it systematically for their task.
Be attentive while engaged in lecture and discussion sessions.
High degree of participation should be maintained.
Use computer lab to conduct various statistical analysis.
Grading policy The grading system for this course will follow the University grading
policy stated for postgraduate students. Hence, it has a classification of :
A, B+, B, C+, C, D and F where,
A= 4:00
B+= 3.50
B= 3:00
C+= 2.50
C= 2.00
D= 1:00, and
F= 0
Indicative 1. MoE, 1994, The Ethiopian education and training policy, Addis
resources Ababa.
2. Price, K., & Nelson, K., 2013, planning effective instruction:
diversity responsive methods and management, CENGAGE
learning, London.
3. Tyler, R. W., 1949, Basic Principles of Curriculum and
Instruction, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Mekelle University
Course learning With a successful completion of this course, the students will be able
outcomes to:
Define what leadership & management is
-Explain the difference and similarities between leadership and
management
-Analyze what happens without the skills of the other
-Explain why we need to focus on school leadership & management
-Describe the management and leadership functions, skills and styles
Students work In the Ethiopian context 1ECTS is equivalent to 21 students working
load hours. Allotment of work load is governed by the nature of delivery and
assessment strategies; the delivery and assessment strategies can be
categorized into interactive, individual tasks and collaborative tasks.
Hence, as the total ECTS allotted to the course is 2 ECTS, the allotment
of student workload for the three categories is proposed as follows:
-interactive= 25% of the total workload i.e 25x42/100= 11 hours
-individual tasks= 50% of the total workload i.e 50x42/100= 21 hours
Course Delivery The course will be delivered through instructional strategies that help
the development of higher order thinking students through an in-depth
understanding, application, analysis, evaluation and creative thinking.
To help this, the following instructional strategies are proposed:
-informal lecture
-individual reading assignments
-collaborative learning strategies
-presentations on individual reading assignments
-oral questioning
-assessment of individual and collaborative tasks
-assessment of individual projects
-short tests
-final exam
Teacher’s Role Responsibility of course instructor are:
Create a conducive teaching and learning environment to
achieve the major course learning outcomes.
Organize the theme contents and computer lab appropriately.
Be punctual and starts instruction on time throughout the theme
Appropriately utilize the allocated time for each subtheme and
major activities included in the theme.
Treat every components of the course seriously and respectfully.
Maintain balance in assisting students achieve the theme
learning outcomes while keeping the pace of the lesson
effectively.
Plan daily tasks to help students realize the intended theme
learning outcomes effectively.
Maintain a highly interactive instructional pattern and involve all
students in the instructional activities.
Utilize various instructional technologies including software,
databases and online learning exercises to address various
students learning needs and preferences in all tasks.
Provide several alternative routes to task completion and
promote a collaborative working culture in the instructional
activities
Students’ Students are responsible for both their success and failure. Hence, they
Responsibility need to:
Be active to work individually and in group.
Cooperate to learn with colleagues.
Share group tasks, experiences and presentations.
Handle all tasks through independent study and cooperative
learning.
Take accountability for all tasks.
Use time wisely.
Accomplish assignments with in the specified time frame.
Be creative, critical and original in their writing, reporting and
presentations of various tasks and learning activities.
Be active to collect additional information about the theme and
record it systematically for their task.
Be attentive while engaged in lecture and discussion sessions.
High degree of participation should be maintained.
Use computer lab to conduct various statistical analysis.
Grading policy The grading system for this course will follow the University grading
policy stated for postgraduate students. Hence, it has a classification of :
A, B+, B, C+, C, D and F where,
A= 4:00
B+= 3.50
B= 3:00
C+= 2.50
C= 2.00
D= 1:00, and
F= 0
Indicative 1. Burke, P.J. & Krey, R.D., 2004, Supervision: a guide to
resources instructional leadership, Charles c Thomas publisher ltd, Illinois.
2. Bush, T., 2011, Theories of educational leadership and
management, sage company, London.
3. Glickman, C. D., Gordon, S. P., & Gordon-Ross, J. M., 2001,
Supervision and instructional leadership: A developmental
approach (5th ed.), Allyn and Bacon, Needham Heights, MA.
4. Horsford, S.D. (ed), 2010, New perspectives in educational
leadership: exposing social, political, community contexts and
meaning, Petter Lang publishing, inc, New York.