Earthing Strip Calculation PDF

5/9/2019 Calculate Numbers of Plate/Pipe/Strip Earthings (Part-1) | Electrical Notes & Articles
Electrical Notes & Articles
Sharing Abstracts,Notes on various Electrical Engineering Topics.
Calculate Numbers of Plate/Pipe/Strip

Earthings (Part-1)
MARCH 8, 2013 58 COMMENTS

(HTTPS://ELECTRICALNOTES.WORDPRESS.COM/2013/03/08/CALCULATE-NUMBERS-OF-
PLATEPIPESTRIP-EARTHING-FOR-SYSTEM/#COMMENTS)
Introduction:
Number of Earthing Electrode and Earthing Resistance depends on the resistivity of soil and time
for fault Current to pass through (1 sec or 3 sec). If we divide the area for earthing required by the
area of one earth plate gives the no of Earth pits required.
There is no general rule to calculate the exact no of earth Pits and Size of Earthing Strip, But
discharging of leakage current is certainly dependent on the cross section area of the material so
for any equipment the earth strip size is calculated on the current to be carried by that strip.
First the leakage current to be carried is calculated and then size of the strip is determined.
For most of the Electrical equipments like Transformer, DG set etc., the General concept is to have
4 no earth pits.2 no’s for body earthing With 2 separate strips with the pits shorted and 2 nos for
Neutral with 2 separate strips with the pits shorted.
The Size of Neutral Earthing Strip should be Capable to carry neutral current of that
equipment.
The Size of Body Earthing should be capable to carry half of neutral Current.
For example for 100kVA transformer, the full load Current is around 140A.The strip connected
should be Capable to carry at least 70A (neutral current) which means a Strip of GI 25x3mm
should be enough to carry the current And for body a strip of 25×3 will do the needful.
Normally we consider the strip size that is generally used as Standards. However a strip with
lesser size which can carry a current of 35A can be used for body earthing. The reason for using 2
earth pits for each body and neutral and then shorting them is to serve as back up. If one strip gets
Corroded and cuts the continuity is broken and the other Leakage current flows through the other
run thery by completing the circuit. Similarly for panels the no of pits should be 2 nos. The size
can be decided on the main incomer Breaker.
For example if main incomer to breaker is 400A, then Body earthing for panel can have a strip size
of 25×6 mm Which can easily carry 100A.
Number of earth pits is decided by considering the total Fault current to be dissipated to the
ground in case of Fault and the current that can be dissipated by each earth Pit.
Normally the density of current for GI strip can be roughly 200 amps per square cam. Based on
the length and dia of the Pipe used the Number of Earthing Pits can be finalized.
https://electricalnotes.wordpress.com/2013/03/08/calculate-numbers-of-platepipestrip-earthing-for-system/ 1/14
(1) Calculate Numbers of Pipe Earthing:
(A) Earthing Resistance & No of Rod for Isolated Earth Pit

(Without Buried Earthing Strip):
The Earth Resistance of Single Rod or Pipe electrode is calculated as per BS 7430:
R=ρ/2×3.14xL (loge (8xL/d)-1)
Where ρ=Resistivity of Soil (Ω Meter),

L=Length of Electrode (Meter),
D=Diameter of Electrode (Meter)
Example:
Calculate Isolated Earthing Rod Resistance. The Earthing Rod is 4 Meter Long and having 12.2mm
Diameter, Soil Resistivity 500 Ω Meter.
R=500/ (2×3.14×4) x (Loge (8×4/0.0125)-1) =156.19 Ω.
The Earth Resistance of Single Rod or Pipe electrode is calculated as per IS 3040:
R=100xρ/2×3.14xL (loge(4xL/d))
Where ρ=Resistivity of Soil (Ω Meter),

L=Length of Electrode (cm),
D=Diameter of Electrode (cm)
Example:
Calculate Number of CI Earthing Pipe of 100mm diameter, 3 Meter length. System has Fault
current 50KA for 1 Sec and Soil Resistivity is 72.44 Ω-Meters.
Current Density At The Surface of Earth Electrode (As per IS 3043):
Max. Allowable Current Density I = 7.57×1000/(√ρxt) A/m2
Max. Allowable Current Density = 7.57×1000/(√72.44X1)=889.419 A/m2
Surface area of one 100mm dia. 3 meter Pipe= 2 x 3.14 x r x L=2 x 3.14 x 0.05 x3 = 0.942 m2
Max. current dissipated by one Earthing Pipe = Current Density x Surface area of electrode
Max. current dissipated by one Earthing Pipe = 889.419x 0.942 = 837.83 A say 838 Amps
Number of Earthing Pipe required =Fault Current / Max.current dissipated by one Earthing Pipe.
Number of Earthing Pipe required= 50000/838 =59.66 Say 60 No’s.
Total Number of Earthing Pipe required = 60 No’s.
Resistance of Earthing Pipe (Isolated) R=100xρ/2×3.14xLx(loge (4XL/d))
Resistance of Earthing Pipe (Isolated) R=100×72.44/2×3.14x300x(loge (4X300/10))=7.99 Ω/Pipe
Overall resistance of 60 No of Earthing Pipe=7.99/60=0.133 Ω.
(B) Earthing Resistance & No of Rod for Isolated Earth Pit

(With Buried Earthing Strip):
Resistance of Earth Strip(R) As per IS 3043
R=ρ/2×3.14xLx (loge (2xLxL/wt)).
Example:
Calculate GI Strip having width of 12mm , length of 2200 Meter buried in ground at depth of
200mm,Soil Resistivity is 72.44 Ω-Meter
Resistance of Earth Strip(Re)=72.44/2×3.14x2200x(loge (2x2200x2200/.2x.012))= 0.050 Ω
From above Calculation Overall resistance of 60 No of Earthing Pipe (Rp) = 0.133 Ω. And it
connected to bury Earthing Strip. Here Net Earthing Resistance =(RpxRe)/(Rp+Re)
Net Earthing Resistance= =(0.133×0.05)/(0.133+0.05)= 0.036 Ω
(C) Total Earthing Resistance & No of Electrode for Group of

Electrode (Parallel):
In cases where a single electrode is not sufficient to provide the desired earth resistance, more
than one electrode shall be used. The separation of the electrodes shall be about 4 M.
The combined resistance of parallel electrodes is a complex function of several factors, such as the
number and configuration of electrode the array.
The Total Resistance of Group of Electrode in different configurations as per BS 7430:
Ra=R (1+λa/n) Where a= ρ/2X3.14XRXS
Where S= Distance between adjustment Rod (Meter),

λ =Factor Given in Table,
n= Number of Electrode,
ρ=Resistivity of Soil (Ω Meter),
R=Resistance of Single Rod in Isolation (Ω)
Factors for parallel electrodes in line (BS 7430)

Number of electrodes (n) Factor (λ)
2 1.0
3 1.66
4 2.15
5 2.54
6 2.87
7 3.15
8 3.39
9 3.61
10 3.8
For electrodes equally spaced around a hollow square, e.g. around the perimeter of a building,
the equations given above are used with a value of λ taken from following Table.
For three rods placed in an equilateral triangle, or in an L formation, a value of λ = 1.66 may be
assumed.
Factors for electrodes in a hollow square (BS 7430)

Number of electrodes (n) Factor (λ)
2 2.71
3 4.51
4 5.48
5 6.13
6 6.63
7 7.03
8 7.36
9 7.65
10 7.9
12 8.3
14 8.6
16 8.9
18 9.2
20 9.4
For Hollow Square Total Number of Electrode (N) = (4n-1).

The rule of thumb is that rods in parallel should be spaced at least twice their length to utilize the
full benefit of the additional rods.
If the separation of the electrodes is much larger than their lengths and only a few electrodes are
in parallel, then the resultant earth resistance can be calculated using the ordinary equation for
resistances in parallel.
In practice, the effective earth resistance will usually be higher than Calculation. Typically, a 4
spike array may provide an improvement 2.5 to 3 times. An 8 spike array will typically give an
improvement of maybe 5 to 6 times.
The Resistance of Original Earthing Rod will be lowered by Total of 40% for Second Rod, 60% for
third Rod,66% for forth Rod
Example:
Calculate Total Earthing Rod Resistance of 200 Number arranges in Parallel having 4 Meter Space
of each and if it connects in Hollow Square arrangement. The Earthing Rod is 4 Meter Long and
having 12.2mm Diameter, Soil Resistivity 500 Ω.
First Calculate Single Earthing Rod Resistance
R=500/ (2×3.14×4) x (Loge (8×4/0.0125)-1) =136.23 Ω.
Now Calculate Total Resistance of Earthing Rod of 200 Number in Parallel condition.
a=500/(2×3.14x136x4)=0.146
Ra (Parallel in Line) =136.23x (1+10×0.146/200) =1.67 Ω.
If Earthing Rod is connected in Hollow Square than Rod in Each side of Square is 200=(4n-1) so
n=49 No.
Ra (In Hollow Square) =136.23x (1+9.4×0.146/200) =1.61 Ω.
FILED UNDER UNCATEGORIZED
About Jignesh.Parmar
Jignesh Parmar has completed M.Tech (Power System Control), B.E(Electrical). He is member of
Institution of Engineers (MIE) and CEng,India. Membership No:M-1473586.He has more than 16
years experience in Transmission -Distribution-Electrical Energy theft detection-Electrical
Maintenance-Electrical Projects (Planning-Designing-Technical Review-coordination -Execution). He
is Presently associate with one of the leading business group as a Deputy Manager at
Ahmedabad,India. He has published numbers of Technical Articles in “Electrical Mirror”, “Electrical
India”, “Lighting India”,”Smart Energy”, “Industrial Electrix”(Australian Power Publications)
Magazines. He is Freelancer Programmer of Advance Excel and design useful Excel base Electrical
Programs as per IS, NEC, IEC,IEEE codes. He is Technical Blogger and Familiar with English, Hindi,
Gujarati, French languages. He wants to Share his experience & Knowledge and help technical
enthusiasts to find suitable solutions and updating themselves on various Engineering Topics.
58 Responses to Calculate Numbers of Plate/Pipe/Strip

Earthings (Part-1)
sravanthi says:
March 9, 2013 at 6:02 am
HI Sir,
Thank you for the valuable info.. can u please forward documents required for IES exam.
Rgds,
Sravanthi.D
Reply
Rahul says:
March 13, 2013 at 7:37 am
Dear Sir,
My question is not related to the topic.
It is related to cable sizing
How will we choose the cable size in sqmm if only the ampere is given ,with out the help of any
charts
i mean like a thumb rule.
i did’nt see any provision to ask questions in the website that is why i put my query here.
I hope you will give me the answer.
Thanks
Rahul
Reply
Jignesh.Parmar says:
March 13, 2013 at 2:55 pm
=For selection of cable is totally depends on Distance,Load,Type of media.
You can not choose cable without considering above factors.
Ex. If you have load of 10KW at 10 meter Distance and Same Load at 200 meter Distance in
both case Size of Cable is different.
= without any chart you can not decide size of cable however as a thumb rule we can say that
(1) for Copper wire (Up to 30 sq.mm) Amp capacity of Wire = 6Xsq.mm.
Ex. for 1.5 Sq.mm Wire, Amp Capacity =6X1.5 =App 9 Amp
(2) For Cable, Amp Capacity of Cable = 4X Size of Cable (Sq.mm).
Ex. 2.5 Sq.mm Cable = 4X2.5=10 Amp
Reply
Numair says:
March 17, 2013 at 4:45 am
Mr. Jignesh Kumar,
Thank you so much for keeping such a helpful blog active.
Reply
Aravind says:
March 26, 2013 at 7:24 am
Hi Sir
How to calculate the grounding rods which is copper clad material. And I many doubts in
Earthing. How can I convey that to you sir!
Reply
prashant says:
April 6, 2013 at 6:13 am

Hi sir,
I am very much confusing about ba ery calculation required for solar power plant, please suggest
ideal ba ery calculation. Also is it possible to keep system voltage and ba ery voltage different
Reply
Paul Lo says:
April 7, 2013 at 11:27 pm
The calculation seems no applicable to MEN earthing system.
The most critical earth fault path is on the MEN link between the earth bar with the main earthing
conductor and the neutral bar of the Main Switchboard.
Reply
April 11, 2013 at 2:48 pm
Not ge ing your Point.
This is for TT Type Power Distribution System
Reply
Paul Lo says:
April 17, 2013 at 4:14 am
You are right the calculation is limited to TT type but suitable for MEN earthing system.
parthipan says:
May 12, 2013 at 3:23 pm
dear sir, earth pit different size using flow chart 100kva , 200kva , 500kva ,,,,
Reply
Srini says:
May 13, 2013 at 8:47 am
Thanks a lot sir, for your information.
Reply
hitesh says:
May 16, 2013 at 12:22 pm
sir can u tell me plzz
how many earth pits are required for HT panel body and neutral?
Reply
May 16, 2013 at 4:07 pm
It is already given in Blog for Panel Body earthing 2 Nos GI and for Neutral (TC) 2 Nos
Copper..Please use “search” option of this Blog
Reply
Rakesh Sharma says:
May 21, 2013 at 9:25 am
Dear sir ,
My question is how to calculate earthing strip size for DG and transformer…..
Reply
May 21, 2013 at 2:17 pm
Already given Excel Sheet and Calculation method with example in this Blog..
Reply
Rahul Goel says:
May 22, 2013 at 5:23 am
Dear Jignesh, I was just browing for some data for earthing pits and fortunately I got the reference
of this blog. I am very much impressed about the the way you are sharing knowledge and keeping
time to help others.
Sir, I have one query at this moment..I was reading “Calculate Numbers of Plate/Pipe/Strip
Earthings (Part-1)” which are unequivocally explicit. but please tell me how to calculate ‘FAULT
Current’…Regards, Rahul Goel (Faridabad)
Reply
Anil Raina says:
May 24, 2013 at 1:26 am
Can I have common earth pits two nos. for body of DG set and body of transformer . For neutrals
I will have seperate earth pits .
Reply
May 26, 2013 at 3:36 am
You can make grid of Body earthing of any Equipments.
Reply
Ajaya Kumar Sahu. says:
June 18, 2013 at 4:34 pm
Sir, I want Know about fundametal requirments Tan / Delta Testing, limitation Value, Before to
value, on meachine, is there any aspected Calculation regarding the mechine (Tansformer, Motor,
Generator) or any IS, IEC, IEA.referance.
Reply
Sathya Narayana says:
August 2, 2013 at 5:11 pm
Dear Sir, i just want to know is there any formula for calculating specific resistance of soil or it is
taken from the table.
Reply
Saravanan Selvaraj says:
October 11, 2013 at 4:40 pm
Thank you, Sir i like to know testing methods of Current transformer. In my past experience i
used primary injection method with loading transformer setup and Omicron. how omicron used
to determine Vk, Imag, ISF, ALF etc., Provide any document available.
Reply
Sri says:
January 29, 2014 at 1:28 pm
Mr Jignesh, Why are we considering the short circuit current rather than the Earth fault current
for the sizing of earthing strip ?
Secondly, is it not necessary to verify the step and touch potential? why?
Reply
Kane says:
March 13, 2014 at 4:57 am
Sir,
Please let me the best brand ; quality wise available. A typical Dia is 88 mm and the length is 3
meter.
Regards
Kane
Reply
syed says:
April 17, 2014 at 12:30 pm
Dear sir,
i have a query kindly help me, i have installed a mechanical equipment with motor of 15kw and
have given connection through a panel, i have given earthing strip of gi to the panel from the
mechanical equipment through cable tray, won’t the leakage of current pass through the cable
tray where i have laid the gi strip? I am a student of different stream so kindly help me with this
Reply
Rohit says:
August 29, 2014 at 10:56 am
Max. Allowable Current Density I = 7.57×1000/(√ρxt) A/m2 . In this formula what is “7.57” factor?
what will be the formula for Copper & G.I earthing plate? How do you calculate Max. allowable
current density of Cu or G.I strip or plate??
Reply
Naeem Khan says:
October 13, 2014 at 8:43 am
Dear Parmar
Really appreciated stuff, direct would like you to please give some detail on your blog or direct to
my mail that what will be the consideration for Solar PV Plants
Reply
HABEEB says:
November 5, 2014 at 4:07 am
Dear sir,
Thanks for your posts & blog.

Frankly its helping me a lot.
Can you please help me to determine the earthing system & no. of earth pits required for field
cable trays,considering the trays are used for the power cables.
Kindly do the favor..sir
Reply
GANESH KORUPROLU says:
December 19, 2014 at 7:06 pm
Dear sir,
Thank you so much for keeping such a helpful blog active. sir i just want to know is there any
formulas for calculating earthing system and lighting Arrester.
Rgds,
GANESH.K
Reply
5/9/2019py Calculate Numbers of Plate/Pipe/Strip Earthings (Part-1) | Electrical Notes & Articles
Sadasivam says:
December 24, 2014 at 7:01 am
Please suggest for HARMONIC FILTER for a FURNACE industry with 750KW Furnace
inductotherm,suppliers telling that ACTIVE and PASSIVE or HYBRID,Which will be the best
solution,please suggest
Reply
Rafique says:
January 9, 2015 at 7:12 am
Dear Sir,
Could you please help me out with the earthing design for a solar power plant of capacity 1 kw on
grid system.
Warm Regards,
Rafique
Reply
Kanwal Preet Singh says:
January 30, 2015 at 6:50 pm
Can u pl confirm GI strip for neutral link of 500kva transformer where expected load will be about
400 Amp to 500 Amps.
Reply
bishwas baral says:
February 8, 2015 at 7:37 am
Dear Sir,
I want to ask question a bit out of this particular topic.Is there any criteria how much salt and
charcoal is to added for pipe type of earthing having 75mm diam and 3 m long rod.
Warm Regards,
Bishwas
Reply
nelsondas says:
March 12, 2015 at 10:49 am
DEAR SIR
How to find the corrosion factor when we r calculating the GI pipe for eathing
Reply
naresh kumar says:
June 21, 2015 at 8:15 am
naresh kumar a
Dear sir
How to find gi 25×3 is sufficient for 1000V and 182.36 Amp system
Reply
madhu.c says:
July 28, 2015 at 5:39 pm
How will we can chose neutrul earth flat of 2500 kva transformer
Incoming voltage:13.8kv
Out put v:415v.
Reply
mathan says:
August 19, 2015 at 9:34 am
Dear sir, client requested us to make 4 no’s of earth pit with the achievement of 1ohm, but i have
no idea how to calculate the rods per pit.can u give me some idea.
Reply
Karthikeyan.G says:
How to calculate earth strip size & pit requirement for lift. Lift machine room is single with
19.5Kw each machine total 8 numbers.. Distance from the LMR ( lift machine room ) and the pit
250 mtr ). Presently we have provided 25×6 2 runs is this sufficient for all 8 lifts and provided 4
Nos GI pipe earth pit grouped . Please do needful.
Reply
ARVIND JAGGI says:
February 13, 2016 at 8:21 am
Dear sir,
our client to install a d.g.set of 125 kva, pl suggest size of electrode 7 size of strip(G.I./CU)
Reply
paritosh kumar says:
March 2, 2016 at 8:52 am
Sir
if we use various size of earthing strip entire plant area (50×6, 25×3) with n nuber of earthing pit
than how can we calculate the final earthing is less than 1ohm. here i am a aching our calculation
pls suggest.
Reply
Imtiaz Aslam says:
March 28, 2016 at 4:24 pm
Dear Mr. Jignesh
To calculate the Earth resistance of multiple rods around the structure which formula i have to
use? Hollow square formula or aligned rods formula? Please confirm here and by email?
I am using hollow square formula but many engineers are not convinced. so please clarify.
Reply
sandy says:
June 21, 2016 at 4:12 pm
Hi,
Dear sir,
My question is one five spike with 1m copper rod lighting arrestor how many round area covered.
please guide.
Reply
ravi modi says:
June 29, 2016 at 11:15 am
sir in section (B) what is the meaning of wt????????? plz reply fast
Reply
ravi modi says:
June 29, 2016 at 11:27 am
sir in section (B) what is the meaning of wt???????? plz reply fast as possible
Reply
sanjay Behera says:
July 15, 2016 at 6:47 am
Dear sir,
Can you plz tell me if the DT rating is 250kVA /400kVA, the earthing type is Chemical Pipe
earthing (with strip size 40X6) then what is the flat size that can be used from DT neutral to
Chemical pipe, DT Body to Chemical pipe & LA to chemical pipe earthing…..Project-RAPDRP
Reply
Krishnakumar says:
July 22, 2016 at 6:20 am
sir pl explain briefly about selection of GI pipe for water supply for G+^ multistory bldgs s
Reply
atish says:
September 2, 2016 at 9:23 am
please tell me how much type of standard earthing pit is present now and why they are accepted
and any body make patent for it or not
Reply
Milind Kulkarni says:
Dear Sir,
Pl tell me how to calculate number of earthing pits required for a MCC panel having connected
load of 1000 A.
Reply
Mohd Haseeb says:
April 14, 2017 at 4:47 am
Please suggest how to decide a earth pit for X-Ray machine as it needs 100 A earth pit. X-ray
machine load is 16 Amp 230Volts AC.
Reply
ashutosh verma says:
April 22, 2017 at 10:15 am
Sir
I always confuse connection of capacitor on 3 wire & 4 wire single phase motor please suggest
wiring
Reply
sanjeev kumar says:
July 25, 2017 at 7:21 am
hi,
Plz. tell me when we make heat shrink cable joint in HT cable why we remove black part of
internal cable
Reply
Myokokooo says:
August 10, 2017 at 5:20 am
Thank you very much
Reply
peter says:
i have one store 30x30m size with aswitch board 630amps,400v, 50ka ,3sec . soil resistivity is
300ohm m.How many earth pits required for the same .client is asking for calculation . what is the
simple calculation based on fault current and soil resistivity.
Reply
dhanraj sansare says:
Do we have sample table which can help us for selection of earthing rod as per the connected load
. In market we are ge ing diffract type of earth electrodes . my self is doing yearly 400 earth pits
for different application viz for lifts ,meter room ,panels ,ups . plz advice which product we can
select .
Reply
Ranjeet Patel says:
May 16, 2018 at 4:48 am
Dear sir,
I want to know how to calculate no of earthing In the 100Kwp Solar power plant with the strip
size & length of the electrode.
Reply
virang says:
June 25, 2018 at 7:49 am
hello,
what shall be the earth cable sq mm for given generator equipment
1) 2000 kVA, 415 V, Full load amp 2782

2) 2000 kVA, 11000V, Full load amp 105 Amp,
Alternator vendor catalogue has mentioned as alternator can withstand up to 3 time of full load
current for 10 sec
Reply
kaviya says:
September 5, 2018 at 6:06 am
HELLO,
for 11kv transformer 250sq.mm cu cable neutral flat is sufficient
Reply
Nurbekjon says:
Hello! Is it possible that to connect a sheild of the Instrument cable to bus bar tighting with cable
itself?
Reply
Prakash Parmar says:
November 20, 2018 at 11:22 am

Please provide calculation formula for how many connection to be connected to 1 earthpit
Reply
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5/9/2019 Calculate Numbers of Plate/Pipe/Strip Earthings (Part-1) | Electrical Notes & Articles

Electrical Notes & Articles

Sharing Abstracts,Notes on various Electrical Engineering Topics.

Calculate Numbers of Plate/Pipe/Strip

MARCH 8, 2013 58 COMMENTS

(1) Calculate Numbers of Pipe Earthing:

(A) Earthing Resistance & No of Rod for Isolated Earth Pit

R=ρ/2×3.14xL (loge (8xL/d)-1)

Where ρ=Resistivity of Soil (Ω Meter),

Where ρ=Resistivity of Soil (Ω Meter),

(B) Earthing Resistance & No of Rod for Isolated Earth Pit

Resistance of Earth Strip(R) As per IS 3043

R=ρ/2×3.14xLx (loge (2xLxL/wt)).

(C) Total Earthing Resistance & No of Electrode for Group of

Ra=R (1+λa/n) Where a= ρ/2X3.14XRXS

Where S= Distance between adjustment Rod (Meter),

Factors for parallel electrodes in line (BS 7430)

Factors for electrodes in a hollow square (BS 7430)

For Hollow Square Total Number of Electrode (N) = (4n-1).

FILED UNDER UNCATEGORIZED

58 Responses to Calculate Numbers of Plate/Pipe/Strip

My question is not related to the topic.

It is related to cable sizing

Thank you so much for keeping such a helpful blog active.

April 6, 2013 at 6:13 am

Thanks for your posts & blog.

Kindly do the favor..sir

what shall be the earth cable sq mm for given generator equipment

1) 2000 kVA, 415 V, Full load amp 2782

November 20, 2018 at 11:22 am

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