MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS

Free Vibration of Single-Degree-of-

 Fixed-Base Harmonic Excitation:
Freedom Systems:
F (t )  F0 cos t
 Equation of Motion: mx  cx  kx  0 x(t )  X cos(t   )
Where,
k   c
n  F0  c 
d   n 1   , 2
m, cc , X ;   tan 1  2 
 k  m 2   (c )2
2
 k  m 
cc  2mn , d  n 1   2
 Force Transmissibility:
 Underdamped Response: 1

a1  x0 ; a2  v0  n x0  2
FT  k 2  (c ) 2 

F0   k  m 2  2  (c ) 2 
 v0  n x0 
2
  x0d 
2  
A
d2 Harmonic Excitation due to Base Motion:

x0d  Displacement Transmissibility:

  tan 1
v0  n x0 X k 2  (c) 2

 Critically Damped Response:
Y  k  m  2 2
 ( c) 2
 Force Transmissibility:
x(t )   a1  a2t  e nt
1
 2 2
FT     k 2  (c ) 2
Where, a1  x0 ; a2  v0  n x0   
kY  n    k  m 2  2  (c ) 2 
 Overdamped Response:  
Harmonic Excitation due to Rotating
n t   n 
 2 1 t   
 2 1 t 
x(t )  e a e
n

 a1e 2  Unbalance:
 
x(t )  X cos(t   )
v0  (    1)n x02
a1  Where,
2n  2  1
me 2  c 
X ;   tan  I  2 
v0  (    1)n x0 2
 k  M 
 k  M  2   (c )2
2
a2 
2n  2  1
 Logarithmic Decrement:  Force Transmissibility:
1
1 X
  ln 1   2
n X n 1 FT  k 2  (c )2 

 me 2   k  M  2  2  (c )2 
   
4 2   2
Lagrange’s Equation:
Harmonically Excited Vibration:
d  T  T D V 2
 n  1   2 (1   ) 1
      Qj      4 (1   ) 2  2 2 (1  
dt  q j  q j q j q j  a  2 2
2 2
Where,
Vibrations of Continuous Systems:
m  ka k
 Wave Equation Solution:   a ,   a , a  and  p 
m p ma m
  x   x 
y ( x, t )   A sin    B cos    (C sin t  D cos t )
  c   c 
 Transverse Vibration of Strings or
Cables:
Boundary Conditions:
T
y ( x, t )  0; c 
Fixed 
 Longitudinal Vibration of Bars:
Boundary Conditions:
Fixed
u ( x, t ) E
u ( x, t )  0; Free  0; c 
x 
 Torsional Vibration of Shafts:
Boundary Conditions:
 ( x, t ) G
Fixed  ( x, t )  0; Free  0; c 
x 
 Lateral Vibration of Beams:
General Solution:
y ( x, t )  A cosh  x  B sinh  x  C cos  x  D sin  x
Undamped Natural Frequencies:
EI
n    n l 
2

l 4

Vibration Control:
 Amplitude of Primary Mass:

X
 ka  ma 2  F0
 k  ka  m 2   ka  ma 2   ka2
 Amplitude of Absorber Mass:
ka F0
Xa 
 k  ka  m 2   ka  ma 2   ka2
 Natural Frequencies: