 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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‫א‬‫א‬  
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
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 
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 
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 
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-9‐
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L1
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L2
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬L3
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L4
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L5
 K‫א‬
 ٪90‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE12FW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K (Data show) J

 W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬{ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- 10 ‐
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L1
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬L2
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L3
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L4
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬L5
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L6
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬L7
K‫א‬‫א‬ L8
‫א‬  ‫א‬      ‫א‬    L9
 K
K‫א‬ ‫א‬L10
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L11

- 11 ‐
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L1
‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L2
K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L3
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L4
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬L5
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L6
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L7
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L8
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L9
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L10
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L11
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫{א‬‫א‬‫א‬L12
 K‫א‬

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
TROUBLESHOOTIN W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،Semiconductor Devices‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

- 13 ‐
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 E1F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
14LL
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 14LL ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬      ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 KEPNF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  1

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

2
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 0.6V‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 3

0.6v‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
4
 E1 J1F‫א‬0.35
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
5
KE60W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 6

 

- 14 ‐
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬
‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
. ‫أﺗﺒﻊْ ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ اﻷﻣﻦ واﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ‬
.‫ اﺳﺘﺨﺪمْ أﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﻘﻴﺎس ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬‫א‬
.‫ ﺗﺄآﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﻬﺪ وﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﻣﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﻔﺤﺺ‬‫א‬

W‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬

- 15 ‐
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬ 
 KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬ J
 

 Short circuit  ‫א‬ L1

 Open circuit ‫א‬‫א‬ L2
 Grounding   ‫א‬ L3
 Mechanical faults ‫א‬‫א‬ L4
 
 

- 16 ‐
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 W

 W‫א‬ 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬ J
 Blown fuse ‫א‬ J1
 Increased heat ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J2
 Low voltage  ‫א‬‫ א‬J3
 High amperage ‫א‬‫ א‬J4
Smoke   J5

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K EF‫א‬
‫א‬،W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 W‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Shocks‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  W‫א‬ J
 

  Blow fuse   ‫א‬

 Fault reading voltage  ‫א‬
 Abnormal resistance reading  ‫א‬
 Shocks  ‫א‬‫א‬
 Abnormal circuit performance  ‫א‬
 Tripped ground-faultinterrupters  ‫א‬‫א‬
 Periodic blown fuses or interrupters   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 

 W‫א‬‫ א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Chassis‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬ J

 Noisy operation  ‫א‬ J1

 Abnormal operation   J2
 Visual clues    J3
 Circuit failure  ‫א‬‫א‬  J4
 Troubleshooting essentials: ‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L1
‫א‬‫א‬Circuit Diagrams‫א‬‫ א‬L2
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L3
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ L4
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L5
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L6
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬L7
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L8
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
follow these steps to determine the mistakes.
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ,‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J1
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J2
 K‫א‬‫א‬
   J3
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J4
 K‫א‬‫א‬ESIGNAL-TRACINGF‫א‬
‫א‬{ J5
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ J6
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ J7
Troubleshooting MethodsW‫א‬EF‫א‬W ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J1
KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬FSignal Tracing‫א‬ J2
KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J3
KE‫א‬F‫א‬ J4
KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ J5
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Examine by looking at the device W‫א‬‫א‬ J
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E2 J1F‫א‬K
،‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

- 20 ‐
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،EShortF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،Integrated Circuits‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 15W‫א‬
 KE‫א‬F
 

 
 
  
 ‫א‬

 
 
 ‫א‬
 
 

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E2 J1F‫א‬
 SIGNAL TRACINGWE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ J

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬EF
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ POWER SUPPLIES‫א‬‫א‬
 E3 J1F‫א‬

  TRANSFORMER‫א‬EF  J1

RECTIFIERE‫א‬F‫א‬  J2

FILTERE‫א‬F‫א‬  J3

 REGULATOR‫א‬ J  J4

 
 E3 J1F‫א‬
- 22 ‐
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E4 J1F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬AUDIO AMPLIFIER
 FMESUPER HETRODYNEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 
 E3 J1F
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 AF  ‫א‬‫א‬ RF ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
S.P  E‫א‬F‫א‬ LO  ‫א‬
 AGC  ‫א‬ IF  ‫א‬‫א‬
P.S  ‫א‬‫א‬ DET  ‫א‬
 MIXER  ‫א‬‫ א‬ANTENNA  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
- 23 ‐
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 
 

 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E4 J1F‫א‬TEST POINTS ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

specificationsWE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J
 W J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J1
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J2

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 

 
- 24 ‐
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 

ReplaceW‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 STATSTICSWE‫א‬F‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
Avoiding lay putting jumperW‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 


W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E1F
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬E2F
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬E3F
 ‫א‬L
 ‫א‬L
 ‫א‬L
 ‫א‬L
 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E5F
 WE6F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬ ‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ECFE√FE7F
 EFK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E1
 EFK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2
 EFK‫א‬‫א‬E3
 EFK‫א‬‫א‬E4
 
 

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 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 E1F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
14LL
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 14LL ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 1

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 2

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 3

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 4

 K‫א‬‫א‬ 5

K‫א‬‫א‬ 6

K‫א‬‫א‬ 7

 
 

- 27 ‐
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
‫א‬

 W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

. ‫أﺗﺒﻊْ ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ اﻷﻣﻦ واﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ‬

. ‫ اﺳﺘﺨﺪمْ أﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﻘﻴﺎس ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬‫א‬
‫ ﺗﺄآﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﻬﺪ وﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﻣﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﻔﺤﺺ‬‫א‬

W‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬

 
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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 

 

‫א‬‫ א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ {‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E 
K‫א‬‫א‬
 EK‫א‬‫א‬FW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ 
     

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K1
       
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K2
       
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬K3
       
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K4
       
 K‫א‬
         K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K5
        K6
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬????‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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