Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics 19th Editioncurins PDF

Nelson T E X T B O O K OF
PEDIATRICS
Richard E. Behrman, MD
Executive Chair
Federation of Pediatric Organizations, Inc.
Pediatric Education Steering Committee
Palo Alto, California
and
Clinical Professor of Pediatrics
Stanford University School of Medicine
University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine
Robert M. Kliegman, MD
Professor and Chair
Department of Pediatrics
Medical College of Wisconsin
Pediatrician in Chief
Pam and Les Muma Chair in Pediatrics
Children's Hospital of Wisconsin
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Hal B. Jenson, MD
Professor and Chair, Department of Pediatrics
Director, Center for Pediatric Research
Eastern Virginia Medical School and Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters
Senior Vice President for Academic Affairs
Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters
Norfolk, Virginia
17th Edition
SAUNDERS
An Imprint of Elsevier Science
Contents
Chapter 18 Psychiatric Considerations of Central

«Part I The Field of Pediatrics 1 Nervous System Injury 71
Jorge H. Daruna, Marc A. Forman, and Neil W. Boris
Chapter 1 Overview of Pediatrics 1 Chapter 19 Psychosomatic Illness 72

Richard E. Behrman Alessandra N. Kazura, Neil W. Boris, and Richard Dalton
Chapter 2 Ethics in Pediatric Care 6 Chapter 20 Vegetative Disorders 73

Robert M. Nelson and Norman Fast 20.1 Rumination Disorder 73
Neil W. Boris and Richard Dalton
Chapter 3 Cultural Issues in Pediatric Care 10 20.2 Pica 73
JillE.Korbin Neil W. Boris and Richard Dalton
Chapter 4 Child Health in the Developing World 12 20.3 Enuresis (Bed-wetting) 74
Kristine Torjesen and Karen Olness
20.4 Encopresis 75
Chapter 5 Preventive Pediatrics 14 Neil W. Boris and Richard Dalton
Theodore C. Sectish 20.5 Sleep Disorders 75
Judith A. Owens
Chapter 6 The Well Child 20
Paul L. McCarthy Chapter 21 Habit Disorders 80
Chapter 22 Anxiety Disorders 81

Part II Growth and Development 23 Brian Stafford, Neil W. Boris, and Richard Dalton
Robert D. Needlman Chapter 23 Mood Disorders 84
Neil W. Boris, Richard Dalton, and Marc A. Forman
Chapter 7 Overview and Assessment of 23.1 Major Depression 84
Variability 23 23.2 Dysthymic Disorder 85
Chapter 8 Fetal Growth and Development 27 23.3 Bipolar Disorder 85
Chapter 9 The Newborn 30 Chapter 24 Suicide and Attempted Suicide 86

Chapter 10 The First Year 31
Chapter 25 Disruptive Behavioral Disorders 88
Chapter 11 TheSecondYear 38 Neil W. Boris and Richard Dalton
Chapter 12 PreschoolYears 44 Chapter 26 Sexual Behavior and Its Variations 90

Richard Dalton
Chapter 13 Middle Childhood 51
26.1 Gender Identity Disorder 91
Chapter 14 Adolescence 53 26.2 Homosexuality 91
Chapter 15 Assessment of Growth 58 Chapter 27 Pervasive Developmental Disorders and

Childhood Psychosis 93
Chapter 16 Developmental Assessment 62 Richard Dalton, Marc A. Forman, and Neil W. Boris
27.1 Autistic Disorder 93
Part-Ill Psychologic Disorders 67 27.2 Asperger Disorder 94
27.3 Childhood Disintegrative Disorder 94
27.4 Rett Disorder 94
Chapter 17 Assessment and Interviewing 67 27.5 Childhood Schizophrenia 94
17.1 The Clinical Interview (History) 67
Neil W.'Boris, Marc A. Forman, and Jorge H. Daruna Chapter 28 Psychologic Treatment of Children and
17.2 Psychosocial Problems 70 Adolescents 95
Richard Dalton and Marc A. Forman Richard Dalton
xxiii
XXIV Contents
• 28.1 Illness and Death 95

28.2 Psychopharmacology 96 Part VI Nutrition 153
28.3 Psychotherapy 100
28.4 Psychiatric Hospitalization 100 Chapter 40 Nutritional Requirements 153
William C. Heird
Chapter 29 Neurodevelopmental Dysfunction in the
School-Aged Child 100 Chapter 41 The Feeding of Infants and
29.1 Patterns of Development and Function 100 Children 157
Desmond P. Kelly William C. Heird
29.2 Attention-Defidt/Hyperactivity Disorder 107
Mark D. Simms Chapter 42 Food Insecurity, Hunger, and
29.3 Specific Reading Disability (Dyslexia) 110 Undernutrition 167
G. ReidLyon, Sally E. Shaywitz, and Bennett A. Shaywitz William C. Heird
Chapter 43 Obesity 173

Patricia A. Donohoue
Part IV Social Issues 113
Chapter 44 Vitamin Deficiencies and Excesses 177
William C. Heird
Chapter 30 Adoption 113
Mark D. Simms andMadelyn Freundlich
Chapter 31 Foster Care 114
Mark D. Simms and Madelyn Freundlich . Part VII Pathophysiology of Body Fluids and
Chapter 32 Child Care 115
; Fluid Therapy 191
Paul H. Dworkin
Larry A. Greenbaum
Chapter 33 Separation, Loss, and
Bereavement 116 Chapter 45 Electrolyte and Acid-Base
33.1 Separation and Loss 116 Disorders 191
Richard Dalton 45.1 Composition of Body Fluids 191
33.2 Grief and Bereavement 117 45.2 Regulation of Osmolality and Volume 193
Linda Sayler Gudas and Gerald P. Koocher 45.3 Sodium 196
45.4 Potassium 202
Chapter 34 Impact of Violence on Children 120 45.5 Calcium 208
Marilyn Augustyn and Barry Zuckerman 45.6 Magnesium 217
Chapter 35 Abuse and Neglect of Children 121 45.7 Phosphorus 219
Charles F. Johnson 45.8 Acid-Base Balance 223
35.1 Sexual Abuse 126 Chapter 46 Maintenance and Replacement
35.2 Nonorganic Failure to Thrive 129 Therapy 242
35.3 Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy (MSBP) 130
Chapter 47 DeficitTherapy 245
Chapter 48 Fluids and Electrolyte Treatment of
Part V Children with Special Health Specific Disorders 249
48.1 Acute Diarrhea and Oral Rehydration 249
Needs 133 48.2 Diarrhea in Chronically Malnourished Children 250
48.3 Pyloric Stenosis 251
Chapter 36 Failure toThrive 133 48.4 Perioperative Fluids 251
Howard Bauchner
Chapter 37 Developmental Disabilities and Chronic
Illness 134
James M. Perrin
PartVili The Acutely III Child 253
37.1 Chronic Illness in Childhood 135
James M. Perrin Chapter 49 Evaluation of the Sick Child in the Office
37.2 Mental Retardation 138 and Clinic 253
Bruce K. Shapiro and Mark L. Batshaw Paul L. McCarthy
Chapter 38 Pediatric Palliative Care:The Care of Chapter 50 Injury Control 256
Children with Life-Limiting Illness 143 Frederick P. Rivara and David Grossman
Stephen Liben
Chapter 51 Emergency Medical Services for
Chapter 39 Children at Special Risk 148 Children 263
Richard E. Behrman M. Denise Dowd and Frederick P. Rivara
Contents XXV
Chapter 52 Pediatric Critical Care: Chapter 66 Pediatric Pain Management 358

An Overview 268 Brenda Bursch and Lonnie K. Zeltzer
Lorry R. Frankel
Chapter 53 InterfacilityTransfer of the Critically III Part IX Human Genetics 367

Infant and Child 269
Lorry R. Frankel
Chapter 67 The Molecular Basis of Genetic
Chapter 54 Effective Communication with Families Disorders 367
inthePICU 270 H. Eugene Hoyme
Lawrence H. Mathers and Lorry R. Frankel
Chapter 68 Molecular Diagnosis of Genetic
Chapter 55 MonitoringTechniques for the Critically Diseases 371
III Infant and Child 272 H. Eugene Hoyme
Lorry R. Frankel
Chapter 69 Patterns of Inheritance 376
Chapter 56 Scoring Systems and Predictors of H. Eugene Hoyme
Mortality 277
Chapter 70 Chromosomal Clinical Abnormalities 382
Joseph V. DiCarlo and Lorry R. Frankel
Judith G. Hall
Chapter 57 Stabilization of the Critically III
Chapter 71 GeneTherapy 391
Child 279 Mark A. Kay
57.1 Pediatric Emergencies and Resuscitation 279
Lawrence H. Mathers and Lorry R. Frankel Chapter 72 Genetic Counseling 395
57.2 Shock 296 Judith G. Hall
Lorry R. Frankel and Lawrence H.Mathers
57.3 Respiratory Distress and Failure 301
Lorry R. Frankel PartX Metabolic Diseases 397
57.4 Mechanical Ventilation 303
Lorry R. Frankel
57.5 Renal Stabilization 306 Chapter 73 An Approach to Inborn Errors of
Joseph V. DiCarlo Metabolism 397
57.6 Nutritional Stabilization 307 Iraj Rezvani
Joseph V. DiCarlo
57.7 Neurologic Stabilization 308
Chapter 74 Defects in Metabolism of
Joseph V. DiCarlo and Lorry R. Frankel , Amino Acids 398
57.8 Acute Care of the Multiple Trauma Victim 312 74.1 Phenylalanine 398
Peter S. Dayan and Bruce L. Klein Iraj Rezvani
74.2 Tyrosine 402
Chapter 58 Acute (Adult) Respiratory Distress Iraj Rezvani „
Syndrome (ARDS) 316 74.3 Methionine 405
Lorry R. Frankel and Joseph V. DiCarlo Iraj Rezvani and David S. Rosenblatt
74.4 Cysteine/Cystine 407
Chapter 59 Continuous Hemofiltration 317 Iraj Rezvani
Joseph V. DiCarlo 74.5 Tryptophan 408
Iraj Rezvani
Chapter 60 Transplantation Issues in
74.6 Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine, and Related Organic
thePICU 318 Acidemias 409
Lawrence H. Mathers and Lorry R. Frankel Iraj Rezvani and David S. Rosenblatt
Chapter 61 Drowning and Near-Drowning 321 74.7 Glycine 418
Harry J. Kallas Iraj Rezvani
74.8 Serine 421
Chapter 62 Burn Injuries 330 Iraj Rezvani
Alia Y. Antoon and Mary K. Donovan 74.9 Proline and Hydroxyproline 421
Iraj Rezvani
Chapter 63 Cold Injuries 338 74.10 GlutamicAdd 422
Alia Y. Antoon and Mary K. Donovan Iraj Rezvani
74.11 Urea Cycle and Hyperammonemia (Arginine,
Chapter 64 Withdrawal or Withholding of Life Citrulline, Omithine) 424
Support, Brain Death, and Organ Iraj Rezvani
Procurement 340 74.12 Histidine 429
Lorry R. Frankel and Lawrence H. Mathers Iraj Rezvani
74.13 Lysine 429
Chapter 65 Anesthesia and Perioperative Iraj Rezvani
Care 342 74.14 Aspartic Acid (Canavan Disease) 430
Randall C. Wetzel Reuben K. Matalon
XXVi Contents
Chapter 75 Defects in Metabolism of Lipids 433 Chapter 84 High-Risk Pregnancies 532

75.1 Disorders of Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Barbara J. Stoll and Robert M. Kliegman
Oxidation 433
Charles P. Venditti and Charles A. Stanley Chapter 85 The Fetus 536
75.2 Disorders of Very Long Chain Fatty Acids 437 Barbara J. Stoll and Robert M. Kliegman
Hugo W. Moser 85.1 Fetal Growth and Maturity 536
75.3 Disorders of Lipoprotein Metabolism and 85.2 Fetal Distress 536
Transport 445 85.3 Maternal Disease and the Fetus 539
Andrew M. Tershakovec and Daniel J. Rader 85.4 Maternal Medication and Toxin Exposure and the
75.4 Lipidoses 459 Fetus 540
Margaret M. McGovern and Robert J. Desnick 85.5 Teratogens 542
75.5 Mucolipidoses 467 85.6 Radiation 542
Margaret M. McGovern and Robert J. Desnick 85.7 Intrauterine Diagnosis of Fetal Disease 542
85.8 Treatment and Prevention of Fetal Disease 545
Chapter 76 Defects in Metabolism of
Carbohydrates 468 Chapter 86 The High-Risk Infant 547
76.1 Glycogen Storage Diseases 469 Barbara J. Stoll and Robert M. Kliegman
Yuan-Tsong Chen 86.1 Multiple Pregnancies 548
76.2 Defects in Galactose Metabolism 475 86.2 Prematurity and Intrauterine Growth
Yuan-Tsong Chen Retardation 550
76.3 Defects in Fructose Metabolism 476 86.3 Post-Term Infants 558
Yuan-Tsong Chen 86.4 Large for Gestational Age 558
Id A Defects in Intermediary Carbohydrate Metabolism 86.5 Infant Transport 559
Associated with Lactic Acidosis 477
Yuan-Tsong Chen Chapter 87 Clinical Manifestations of Diseases
76.5 Deficiency of Xylulose Dehydrogenase (Essential in the Newborn Period 559
Benign Pentosuria) 480 Barbara J. Stoll and Robert M. Kliegman
Yuan-Tsong Chen
76.6 Disorders of Glycoprotein Degradation and Chapter 88 Nervous System Disorders 561
Structure 480 Barbara J. Stoll and Robert M. Kliegman
Margaret M. McGovern and Robert J. Desnick
88.1 The Cranium 562
Chapter 77 Mucopolysaccharidoses 482 88.2 Intracranial-Intraventricular Hemorrhage and
Robert M. Kliegman and Joseph L. Muenzer Periventricular Leukomalacia 562
88.3 Spine and Spinal Cord 564
Chapter 78 Disorders of Purine and Pyrimidine 88.4 Peripheral Nerve Injuries 565
Metabolism 486 88.5 Hypoxia-Ischemia 566
James C. Harris 88.6 Intrauterine Infection 568
Chapter 79 Progeria 494 Chapter 89 Delivery Room Emergencies 569
W. Ted Brown Barbara J. Stoll and Robert M. Kliegman
Chapter 80 The Porphyrias 495 Chapter 90 Respiratory Tract Disorders 573
Shigeru Sassa Barbara J. Stoll and Robert M. Kliegman
Chapter 81 Hypoglycemia 505 90.1 Transition to Pulmonary Respiration 573
Mark A. Sperling 90.2 Apnea 573
90.3 Hyaline Membrane Disease (Respiratory Distress
Syndrome) 575
90.4 Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn 583
90.5 Aspiration of Foreign Material (Fetal Aspiration
Part XI The Fetus and the Neonatal Infant 519 Syndrome, Aspiration Pneumonia) 583
90.6 Meconium Aspiration 583
Section 1: Noninfectious Disorders 519 90.7 Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of
the Newborn (Persistent Fetal
Chapter 82 Overview of Mortality and Circulation) 584
Morbidity 519 90.8 Extrapulmonary Extravasation of Air
Barbara J. Stoll and Robert M. Kliegman (Pneumothorax, Pneumomediastinum,
Pulmonary Interstitial Emphysema) 586
Chapter 83 The Newborn Infant 523 90.9 Pulmonary Hemorrhage 587
Barbara J. Stoll and Robert M. Kliegman
83.1 History in Neonatal Pediatrics 523 Chapter 91 Digestive System Disorders 588
83.2 Physical Examination of the Newborn Infant 524 Barbara J. Stoll and Robert M. Kliegman
83.3 Routine Delivery Room Care 527 91.1 Meconium Ileus in Cystic Fibrosis 589
83.4 Nursery Care 529 91.2 Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis
83.5 Parent-Infant Bonding 529 (NEC) 590
Contents XXVII
91.3 Jaundice and Hyperbilirubinemia in the Chapter 102 Suicide 648

Newborn ,592 Renee R. Jenkins
91.4 Kernicterus 596
Chapter 103 Violent Behavior 649
Chapter 92 Blood Disorders 599 Renee R. Jenkins
Chapter 104 Anorexia Nervosa and
92.1 Anemia in the Newborn Infant 599
Bulimia 652
92.2 Hemolytic Disease of theNewborn
(Erythroblastosis Fetalis) 601 IrisF.Litt
92.3 Plethora in the Newborn Infant (Polycythemia) 606 Chapter 105 Substance Abuse 653
92.4 Hemorrhage in the Newborn Infant 606 Renee R. Jenkins
Chapter 93 Genitourinary System 608 105.1 Alcohol 657
Barbara J. Stoll and Robert M. Kliegman 105.2 Marijuana 657
105.3 Tobacco 658
Chapter 94 The Umbilicus 608 105.4 Volatile Substances 658
Barbara J. Stoll and Robert M. Kliegman 105.5 Hallucinogens 659
105.6 Cocaine 660
Chapter 95 Metabolic Disturbances 609
105.7 Amphetamines 660
105.8 Opiates 660
Chapter 96 The Endocrine System 613 105.9 Anabolic Steroids 661
Chapter 106 The Breast 662
96.1 Infants of Diabetic Mothers 613 Renee R. Jenkins
96.2 Hypoglycemia 614
Chapter 107 Menstrual Problems 663
Chapter 97 Dysmorphology 616 Renee R. Jenkins
Kenneth Lyons Jones
107.1 Amenorrhea 664
Section 2: Infections of the Neonatal Infant 623 107.2 Abnormal Uterine Bleeding 665
107.3 Dysmenorrhea 666
Barbara J. Stoll
107.4 Premenstrual Syndrome 667
Chapter 98 Pathogenesis and Chapter 108 Contraception 667
Epidemiology 623 Renee R. Jenkins
98.1 Modes of Transmission and Pathogenesis 623 108.1 Barrier Methods 668
98.2 Immunity 625 108.2 Spermicides 668
98.3 Etiology of Fetal and Neonatal Infection 626 108.3 Combination Methods 668
98.4 Epidemiology of Early- and Late-Onset Neonatal 108.4 Hormonal Methods 668
Infections 627 108.5 Emergency Contraception 671
98.5 Clinical Manifestations of Transplacental 108.6 Intrauterine Devices 671
Intrauterine Infections 630
98.6 Diagnosis 633 Chapter 109 Pregnancy 671
98.7 Treatment 636 Renee R. Jenkins
98.8 Complications and Prognosis 638
Chapter 110 SexuallyTransmitted
98.9 Prevention 638
Diseases 673
Renee R. Jenkins
Chapter 111 Chronic Fatigue Syndrome 677

Special Health Problems During Hal B. Jenson _ ,
Adolescence 64i
Chapter 99 The Epidemiology of Adolescent

Health Problems 641 PartXIII The Immunologic System and
Renee R. Jenkins Disorders 681
Chapter 100 Delivery of Health Care to
Section 1: Evaluation of the Immune System 681
Adolescents 643
Renee R. Jenkins Rebecca H. Buckley
100.1 Legal Issues 644
Chapter 112 Evaluation of Suspected
100.2 Screening Procedures 645
Immunodeficiency 681
100.3 Health Enhancement 646
Chapter 101 Depression 646 Section 2: The T-, B-, and NK-Cell Systems 683
Renee R. Jenkins Rebecca H. Buckley
XXViii Contents
Chapter 113 T Lymphocytes, B Lymphocytes, and

Natural Killer Cells 683 Part XIV Allergic Disorders 743
Chapter 114 Primary Defects of Antibody Chapter 130 Allergy and the Immunologic Basis of
Production 689 Atopic Disease 743
114.1 Treatment of B-Cell Defects 693 Donald Y. M. Leung
Chapter 115 Primary Defects of Cellular Chapter 131 Diagnosis of Allergic Disease 747
Immunity 693 Dan Atkins and Donald Y. M. Leung
Chapter 116 Primary Combined Antibody and Chapter 132 Principles of Treatment of Allergic
Cellular Immunodeficiencies 695 Disease 752
116.1 Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) 695 Dan Atkins and Donald Y. M. Leung
116.2 Combined Immunodeficiency (CID) 697
116.3 Treatment of Cellular or Combined Chapter 133 Allergic Rhinitis 759
Immunodeficiency 700 Henry Milgrom and Donald Y. M. Leung
Section 3: The Phagocytic System 701 Chapter 134 Childhood Asthma 760
Andrew H. Liu, Joseph D. Spahn, and Donald Y. M. Leung
Chapter 117 Neutrophils 701
Laurence A. Boxer Chapter 135 Atopic Dermatitis (Atopic
Eczema) 774
Chapter 118 Monocytesand Macrophages 707 Donald Y. M. Leung
Richard B. Johnston, Jr.
Chapter 136 Urticaria and Angioedema
Chapter 119 Eosinophils 709 (Hives) 778
Laurence A. Boxer Donald Y. M. Leung
Chapter 120 Disorders of Phagocyte Function 710 Chapter 137 Anaphylaxis 781
Laurence A. Boxer Hugh A. Sampson and Donald Y. M. Leung
Chapter 121 Leukopenia 717 Chapter 138 Serum Sickness 782
Laurence A. Boxer Scott H. Sicherer and Donald Y. M. Leung .
Chapter 122 Leukocytosis 723 Chapter 139 Adverse Reactions to Drugs 783
Laurence A. Boxer Mark Boguniewicz
Section 4: The Complement System 725 Chapter 140 Insect Allergy 786
Scott H. Sicherer and Donald Y. M. Leung
Richard B. Johnston, Jr.
Chapter 141 Ocular Allergies 788
Chapter 123 The Complement System 725 Mark Boguniewicz
Chapter 124 Disorders of the Complement
Chapter 142 Adverse Reactions to Foods 789
System 728
Hugh A. Sampson and Donald Y. M. Leung
124.1 Evaluation 728
124.2 Primary Deficiencies of Complement
Components 728
124.3 Deficiencies of Plasma, Membrane, or Serosal Rheumatic Diseases of Childhood
Complement Control Proteins 730
124.4 Secondary Disorders of Complement 730 (Connective Tissue Diseases,
124.5 Treatment of Complement Disorders 731 Collagen Vascular Diseases) 793
Section 5: Hematopoietic Stem Cell
Transplantation 732 Chapter 143 Evaluation of Suspected Rheumatic
Disease 793
Kent A. Robertson
Michael L. Miller
Chapter 125 Clinical Indications 732 Chapter 144 Treatment of Rheumatic
Chapter 126 Matching and Rejection 737 Diseases 795
Daniel J. Lovell, Michael L. Miller, and James T. Cassidy
Chapter 127 Graft versus Host Disease (GVHD) 738
Chapter 145 Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis 799
Chapter 128 Principles of Immuno- Michael L. Miller and James T. Cassidy
suppression 740
Chapter 146 Ankylosing Spondylitis and Other
Chapter 129 Late Effects of Stem Cell Spondyloarthropathies 805
Transplantation 741 Michael L. Miller and Ross E. Petty
Contents xxix
Chapter 147 Postinfectious Arthritis and Related Chapter 164 Infections in Immunocompromised
Conditions 808 Persons 851
Michael L. Miller and James T. Cassidy Marian G. Michaels and Michael Green
Chapter 148 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 809 Chapter 165 Infection Associated with Medical
Marisa S. Klein-Gitelman and Michael L. Miller Devices 858
148.1 Neonatal Lupus , 813 Patricia M. Flynn and Fred F. Barrett
Chapter 149 Juvenile Dermatomyositis 813 Section 2: Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections 861
Lauren M. Pachman
Chapter 166 Staphylococcus 861
Chapter 150 Scleroderma 816
James K. Todd
Michael L. Miller
166.1 Staphylococcus aureus 861
Chapter 151 Behqet Disease 819 166.2 Toxic Shock Syndrome 865
Abraham Gedalia 166.3 Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci 866
Chapter 152 Sjogren Syndrome 820 Chapter 167 Streptococcus pneumoniae
Abraham Gedalia (Pneumococcus) 867
Jon S. Abramson and Gary D. Overturf
Chapter 153 Familial Mediterranean Fever 821
Abraham Gedalia Chapter 168 Group A Streptococcus 870
Michael A. Gerber
Chapter 154 Amyloidosis 822
Abraham Gedalia 168.1 Rheumatic Fever 874
Chapter 155 Sarcoidosis 822 Chapter 169 Group B Streptococcus 879

Margaret W. Leigh Catherine S. Lachenauer and Michael R. Wessels
Chapter 156 Kawasaki Disease 823 Chapter 170 Non-GroupAor B

Anne H. Rowley and Stanford T. Shulman Streptococci 883
Michael A. Gerber
Chapter 157 Vasculitis Syndromes ~ 826
Michael L. Miller and Lauren M. Pachman Chapter 171 Enterococcus 884
David B. Haslam
157.1 Henoch-SchonleinPurpura 826
157.2 Takayasu Arteritis 828 Chapter 172 Diphtheria (Corynebacterium
157.3 Polyarteritis Nodosa 829 diphtheriae) 886
157.4 Wegener Granulomatosis 830 Sarah S. Long
157.5 Other Vasculitic Syndromes 831
Chapter 173 Listeria monocytogenes 890
Chapter 158 Musculoskeletal Pain Robert S. Baltimore
Syndromes 831
Michael L. Miller Chapter 174 Actinomyces 892
158.1 Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 832 Richard F. Jacobs and Gordon E. Schutze
158.2 Erythromelalgia 832 Chapter 175 Nocardia 894
Chapter 159 Miscellaneous Conditions Associated Richard F. Jacobs and Gordon E. Schutze
with Arthritis 832
Section 3: Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections 896
Michael L. Miller
Chapter 176 Neisseria meningitidis
(Meningococcus) 896
Charles R. Woods
Infectious Diseases 835 Chapter 177 Neisseria gonorrhoeae
(Gonococcus) 899
Section 1: General Considerations 835 Toni Darville
Chapter 160 Diagnostic Microbiology 835 Chapter 178 Haemophilus influenzae 904
Anita K. M. Zaidi and Donald A. Goldmann
Robert S. Daum
Chapter 161 Fever 839 Chapter 179 Chancroid
Keith R.Powell
(Haemophilus ducreyi) 908
Chapter 162 FeverWithout a Focus 841 Parvin Azimi
Keith R. Powell
Chapter 180 Pertussis [Bordetella pertussis and ;
Chapter 163 Sepsis and Shock 846 B. parapertussis) 908
Anne Stormorken and Keith R. Powell Sarah S. Long <*
XXX Contents
Chapter 181 Salmonella 912 Chapter 196 Other Anaerobic Infections 954
Thomas G. Cleary Margaret C. Fisher
181.1 Nontyphoidal Salmonellosis 912
181.2 Enteric Fever 916 Section 5: Mycobacterial Infections 958
Chapter 182 Shigella 919 Chapter 197 Tuberculosis (Mycobacterium

Thomas G. Cleary tuberculosis) 958
Flor M. Munoz and Jeffrey R. Starke
Chapter 183 Escherichia coli 921
Theresa J. Ochoa and Thomas G. Cleary Chapter 198 Hansen Disease (Mycobacterium
leprae) 972
Chapter 184 Cholera (Vibrio cholerae) 924 Dwight A.Powell
Gloria P. Heresi and James R. Murphy
Chapter 199 Nontuberculous Mycobacteria 975
Chapter 185 Campylobacter 926
Gloria P. Heresi and James R. Murphy Dwight A. Powell
Chapter 186 Yersinia 929 Section 6: Spirochetal Infections 978

James R. Murphy and Gloria P. Heresi
186.1 Yersinia enterocolitica 929
Chapter 200 Syphilis (Treponemapallidum) 978
186.2 Yersinia pseudotuberculosis 930 Parvin Azimi
186.3 Plague (Yersiniapestis) 930 Chapter 201 NonvenerealTreponemal
Infections 982
Chapter 187 Aeromonas and Plesiomonas 932 Parvin Azimi
James R. Murphy and Gloria P. Heresi 201.1 Yaws (Treponemapertenue) 982
187.1 Aeromonas 932 201.2 Bejel (Endemic Syphilis) (Treponemapallidum
187.2 Plesiomonas shigelloides 933 subsp. endemicum) 983
201.3 Pinta (Treponema carateum) 983
Chapter 188 Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, and
Stenotrophomonas 933 Chapter 202 Leptospira 983
Robert S. Baltimore Parvin Azimi
188.1 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 934 Chapter 203 Relapsing Fever (Borrelia) 985
188.2 Burkholderia 936 Parvin Azimi
188.3 Stenotrophomonas 936
Chapter 204 Lyme Disease
Chapter 189 Tularemia {Francisella (Borrelia burgdorferi) 986
tularensis) 937 Eugene D. Shapiro
Gordon E. Schutze and Richard F. Jacobs
Section 7: Mycoplasmal Infections 990
Chapter 190 Brucella 939
Gordon E. Schutze and Richard F. Jacobs Dwight A. Powell
Chapter 191 Legionella 941 Chapter 205 Mycoplasma pneumoniae 990
Lucy Tompkins Chapter 206 Genital Mycoplasmas (Mycoplasma
Chapter 192 Bartonella 943 hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum) 992
Barbara W. Stechenberg
Section 8: Chlamydial Infections 994
192.1 Bartonellosis {Bartonella bacilliformis) 943
192.2 Cat-Scratch Disease (Bartonella henselae) 944 Margaret R. Hammerschlag
192.3 Trench Fever (Bartonella quintana) 946
192.4 Bacillary Angiomatosis and Bacillary
Chapter 207 Chlamydia pneumoniae 994
Peliosis Hepatis (Bartonella henselae and Chapter 208 Chlamydia trachomatis 995
Bartonella quintana) 946 208.1 Trachoma 995
208.2 Genital Tract Infections 996
Section 4: Anaerobic Bacterial Infections 947 208.3 Conjunctivitis and Pneumonia in Newborns 997
208.4 Lymphogranuloma Venereum (LGV) 998
Chapter 193 Botulism (Clostridium
Chapter 209 Psittacosis (Chlamydia psittaci) 998
botulinum) 947
Robert Schechter and Stephen S. Arnon Section 9: Rickettsial Infections 999
Chapter 194 Tetanus (Clostridium tetani) 951 J. Stephen Dumler
Stephen S. Arnon
Chapter 210 Spotted Fever Group
Chapter 195 Clostridium difficile-Assodated Rickettsioses 999
Diarrhea 953 210.1 Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Margaret C. Fisher (Rickettsia rickettsii) 999
Contents XXXI
210.2 Mediterranean Spotted Fever or Boutonneuse Chapter 227 Mumps 1035

Fever (Rickettsia conorii) 1003 Yvonne Maldonado
210.3 Rickettsialpox (Rickettsia akari) 1003
Chapter 228 Polioviruses 1036
Chapter 211 ScrubTyphus Eric A. F. Simoes
(Orientia tsutsugamushf) 1004
Chapter 229 Nonpolio Enteroviruses 1042
Chapter 212 Typhus Group Rickettsioses 1005 Mark J. Abzug
212.1 Murine Typhus (Rickettsia typhi) 1005
Chapter 230 Parvovirus B19 1048
212.2 Epidemic Typhus (Rickettsia prowazekii) 1006
William C. Koch
Chapter 213 Ehrlichiosisand Anaplasmosis 1006
Chapter 231 Herpes SimplexVirus 1051
Chapter 214 Q Fever (Coxiella burnetii) 1009 Steve Kohl
Section 10: Mycotic Infections 1011 Chapter 232 Varicella-ZosterVirus 1057

Martin G. Myers, Lawrence R. Stanberry, and Jane F. Seward
Chapter 215 Candida 1011
Martin E. Weisse and Stephen C. Aronoff Chapter 233 Epstein-BarrVirus 1062
215.1 Neonatal Infections 1012 Hal B. Jenson
215.2 Infections in Immunocompetent Children and Chapter 234 Cytomegalovirus 1066
Adolescents 1013 Sergio Stagno
215.3 Infections in Immunocompromised Children and
Adolescents 1013 Chapter 235 Roseola (Human Herpesviruses
215.4 Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis 1014 6 and 7) 1069
Charles T. Leach
Chapter 216 Cryptococcus neoformans 1014
Stephen C. Aronoff Chapter 236 Human Herpesvirus8 1072
Charles T. Leach
Chapter 217 Malassezia 1016
Martin E. Weisse Chapter 237 Influenza Viruses 1072
Peter Wright
Chapter 218 Aspergillus 1016
Stephen C. Aronoff Chapter 238 Parainfluenza Viruses 1075
218.1 Hypersensitivity Syndromes 1016 Peter Wright
218.2 Saprophytic (Noninvasive) Syndromes 1017
218.3 Invasive Disease 1017. Chapter 239 Respiratory Syncytial Virus 1076
Kenneth Mclntosh
Chapter 219 Histoplasmosis (Histoplasma
capsulatum) 1018 Chapter 240 Adenoviruses 1079
Stephen C. Aronoff Kenneth Mclntosh
Chapter 220 Blastomycosis (Blastomyces Chapter 241 Rhinoviruses 1080
dermatitidis) 1020 Kenneth Mclntosh
Robin B. Churchill and Stephen C. Aronoff
Chapter 242 Rotavirus and Other Agents of Viral
Chapter 221 Coccidioidomycosis (Coccidioides Gastroenteritis 1081
immitis) 1021 Dorsey M. Bass
Demosthenes Pappagianis
Chapter 243 Human Papillomaviruses 1084
Chapter 222 Paracoccidioides Anna-Barbara Moscicki
brasiliensis 1023
Robin B. Churchill and Stephen C. Aronoff Chapter 244 Arboviral Encephalitis in
North America 1086
Chapter 223 Sporotrichosis Scott B. Halstead
(Sporothrix schenckii) 1024
Robin B. Churchill and Stephen C. Aronoff Chapter 245 Arboviral Encephalitis Outside
North America 1089
Chapter 224 Zygomycosis 1025 Scott B. Halstead
Robin B. Churchill and Stephen C. Aronoff 245.1 Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis 1089
Section 11: Viral Infections 1026 245.2 Japanese Encephalitis 1090
245.3 Tick-Borne Encephalitis 1091
Chapter 225 Measles 1026
Yvonne Mdldonado Chapter 246 Dengue Fever and Dengue
225.1 Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis 1030 Hemorrhagic Fever 1092
Scott B. Halstead
Chapter 226 Rubella 1032
Yvonne Maldonado Chapter 247 Yellow Fever 1095
226.1 Progressive Rubella Panencephalitis 1034 Scott B. Halstead
X) XXXII Contents
Cl Chapter 248 OtherViral Hemorrhagic Fevers 1096 Chapter 266 Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma
Scott B. Halstead gondii) 1144
Rima McLeod and Jack S. Remington
Chapter 249 Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis
Virus 1099 Chapter 267 Pneumocystis carinii 1154
Cl Hal B. Jenson Walter T. Hughes
Chapter 250 Hantaviruses 1100 Section 13: Helminthic Diseases 1155

Cl Scott B. Halstead
Chapter 268 Ascariasis (Ascaris
Chapter 251 Rabies 1101 lumbricoides) 1155
Cl William G. Adams Sheral S. Patel and James W. Kazura
Chapter 252 Polyomaviruses 1105 Chapter 269 Hookworms (Ancylostoma and

Cl Hal B. Jenson Necator americanus) 1156
Peter Hotez
Chapter 253 Transmissible Spongiform
269.1 Cutaneous Larva Migrans 1158
Cl Encephalopathies 1105
David M. Asher Chapter 270 Trichuriasis (Trichuris trichiura) 1158
Sheral S. Patel and James W. Kazura
Chapter 254 Acquired Immunodeficiency
Syndrome (Human Immunodeficiency Chapter 271 Enterobiasis (Enterobius
Virus) 1109 vermicularis) 1159
Cl Ram Yogev and Ellen Gould Chadwick Sheral S. Patel and James W. Kazura
Chapter 255 HumanT-Cell LymphotropicViruses Chapter 272 Strongyloidiasis (Strongyloides

Types I and II 1121 stereo ra Iis) 1160
Hal B. Jenson Sheral S. Patel and James W. Kazura
Cl
Section 12: Protozoan Diseases 1122 Chapter 273 Lymphatic Filariasis (Brugia malayi,
Brugia timori, and Wuchereria bancrofti) 1161
Chapter 256 Primary Amebic Sheral S. Patel and James W. Kazura
, Meningoencephalitis 1122
Martin E. Weisse and Stephen C. Aronoff Chapter 274 Other Tissue Nematodes 1162
Chapter 257 Amebiasis 1123
Cl Chandy C. John and Robert A. Salata Chapter 275 Toxocariasis (Visceral and Ocular
Larva Migrans) 1164
Chapter 258 Giardiasis and Balantidiasis 1125
Larry K. Pickering
Cl 258.1 Giardia lamblia 1125 Chapter 276 Trichinosis (Trichinella spiralis) 1166
258.2 Balantidiasis 1127 Sheral S. Patel and James W. Kazura
Cl Chapter 259 Spore-Forming Intestinal Chapter 277 Schistosomiasis (Schistosoma) 1161

Protozoa 1128 Charles H. King
Patricia M. Flynn
Cl Chapter 278 Flukes (Liver, Lung, and
Chapter 260 Trichomoniasis (Trichomonas Intestinal) 1168
vagina I is) . 1129 Charles H. King
Chandy C. John and Robert A. Salata
Chapter 279 Adult Tapeworm Infections 1169
Chapter 261 Leishmaniasis (Leishmania) 1130 Ronald Blanton
Peter C. Melby
Chapter 280 Cysticercosis 1171
Chapter 262 AfricanTrypanosomiasis Ronald Blanton
(Sleeping Sickness; Trypanosoma brucei
5. complex) 1134 Chapter 281 Echinococcosis (Echinococcus
Robert A. Bonomo and Robert A. Salata
granulosusand E. multilocularis) 1173
Cl Ronald Blanton
Chapter 263 AmericanTrypanosomiasis (Chagas
Disease; Trypanosoma cruzi) 1136 Section 14: Preventive Measures 1174
Robert A. Bonomo and Robert A. Salata
Cl Chapter 282 Immunization Practices 1174
Chapter 264 Malaria (Plasmodium) 1139 Georges Peter ,
Peter J. Krause
Cl Chapter 283 Infection Control and
Chapter 265 Babesiosis (Babesia) 1143 Prophylaxis 1184
Peter J. Krause Margaret C. Fisher
Contents XXXIII
Chapter 284 Child Care and Communicable Chapter 301 Obstructing and Motility Disorders of
Diseases 1187 the Esophagus 1220
Larry K. Pickering
Chapter 302 Dysmotility 1220
Chapter 285 Health Advice for ChildrenTraveling
Internationally 1189 Chapter 303 Hiatal Hernia 1221
Chandy C. John and Robert A. Salata Chapter 304 Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
(GERD) 1222
304.1 Complications of GERD 1224
Part XVII The Digestive System 1197 Chapter 305 Non-GERDEsophagitis 1224
Section 1: Clinical Manifestations of Gastrointestinal Chapter 306 Esophageal Perforation 1225

Disease 1197 Chapter 307 Esophageal Varices 1225
Robert Wyllie
Chapter 308 Ingestions 1225
Chapter 286 Normal DigestiveTract 308.1 Foreign Bodies in the Esophagus 1225
Phenomena 1197 308.2 Caustic Ingestions 1226
Section 4: Stomach and Intestines 1228
Chapter 287 Major Symptoms and Signs of
DigestiveTract Disorders 1198 Chapter 309 Normal Development, Structure, and
Function 1228
Section 2: The Oral Cavity 1204 Robert Wyllie
Norman Tinanoff
Chapter 310 Pyloric Stenosis and Congenital
Chapter 288 Development and Developmental Anomalies of the Stomach 1229
Anomalies of theTeeth 1204 Robert Wyllie
310.1 Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis 1229
Chapter 289 Disorders of the Oral Cavity Associated 310.2 Congenital Gastric Outlet Obstruction 1231
with Other Conditions 1206 310.3 Gastric Duplication 1231
310.4 Gastric Volvulus 1231
Chapter 290 Malocclusion 1206 310.5 Hypertrophic Gastropathy 1231
Chapter 291 Cleft Lip and Palate 1207 Chapter 311 Intestinal Atresia, Stenosis, and
Chapter 292 Syndromes with Oral Malrotation 1232
Manifestations 1209 Robert Wyllie
311.1 Duodenal Obstruction 1233
Chapter 293 Dental Caries 1209 311.2 Jejunal and Heal Atresia and Obstruction 1234
311.3 Malrotation 1235
Chapter 294 Periodontal Diseases 1212
Chapter 312 Intestinal Duplications, Meckel
Chapter 295 DentalTrauma 1213 Diverticulum, and Other Remnants of the
Chapter 296 Common Lesions of the Oral Soft Omphalomesenteric Duct 1236
Tissues 1214 Robert Wyllie
312.1 Intestinal Duplication 1236
Chapter 297 Diseases of the Salivary Glands and 312.2 Meckel Diverticulum and Other Remnants
Jaws 1215 of the Omphalomesenteric Duct 1236
Chapter 298 Diagnostic Radiology in Dental Chapter 313 Motility Disorders and Hirschsprung
Assessment 1216 Disease 1237
Robert Wyllie
Section 3: The Esophagus 1217 313.1 Chronic Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction 1237
Susan Orenstein, John Peters, Seema Khan, Nader Youssef, and 313.2 Functional Constipation 1238
Sunny Zaheed Hussain 313.3 C ongenital Aganglionic Megacolon
(Hirschsprung Disease) 1239
Chapter 299 Embryology, Anatomy, and Function of 313.4 Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome (Wilkie
the Esophagus 1217 Syndrome, Cast Syndrome, Arteriomesenteric
299.1 Common Clinical Manifestations and Duodenal Compression Syndrome) 1241
Diagnostic Aids 1218
Chapter 314 Ileus, Adhesions, Intussusception, and
Chapter 300 Congenital Anomalies: Esophageal Closed-Loop Obstructions 1241
Atresia and Tracheoesophageal Fistula 1219 Robert Wyllie \
300.1 Congenital Anomalies: Laryngotracheoesophageal 314.1 Ileus 1241 C
Clefts 1220 314.2 Adhesions 1241 •*
xxxiv Contents
314.3 Intussusception 1242 325.5 Rectal Prolapse 1289

314.4 Closed-Loop Obstructions 1243 325.6 Pilonidal Sinus and Abscess 1289
Chapter 315 Foreign Bodies and Bezoars 1244 Chapter 326 Tumors of the DigestiveTract 1289
Robert Wyllie Joel Shilyansky
315.1 Foreign Bodies in the Stomach and Intestine 1244 326.1 Diarrhea from Hormone-Secreting Tumors 1292
315.2 Bezoars 1244
Chapter 327 Inguinal Hernias 1293
Chapter 316 Peptic Ulcer Disease 1244 John J. Aiken
Francisco A. Sylvester
316.1 Secondary or Stress (Peptic) Ulcer Disease 1246 Section 5: Exocrine Pancreas 1298
316.2 Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome 1247 Steven L. Werlin
Chapter 317 Inflammatory Bowel Disease 1248 Chapter 328 Embryology, Anatomy, and
Jeffrey Hyams Physiology 1298
317.1 Chronic Ulcerative Colitis 1249 328.1 Anatomic Abnormalities 1298
317.2 Crohn Disease (Regional Enteritis, 328.2 Physiology 1298
Regional lleitis, Granulomatous Colitis) 1252
317.3 Behcet Syndrome 1255 Chapter 329 Pancreatic FunctionTests 1299
Chapter 318 Food Allergy (Food Chapter 330 Disorders of the Exocrine
Hypersensitivity) 1255 Pancreas 1299
Jeffrey Hyams
Chapter 331 Treatment of Pancreatic
Chapter 319 Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis 1257 Insufficiency 1300
Jeffrey Hyams
Chapter 332 Pancreatitis 1300
Chapter 320 Malabsorptive Disorders 1257 332.1 Acute Pancreatitis 1300
Manuel Garda-Careaga and John A. Kerner 332.2 Chronic Pancreatitis 1302
320.1 Evaluation of Children with Suspected Intestinal
Malabsorption 1257 Chapter 333 Pseudocyst of the Pancreas 1303
320.2 Chronic Malnutrition 1261
320.3 Liver and Biliary Disorders 1261 Chapter 334 PancreaticTumors 1303
320.4 Intestinal Infections 1261 Section 6: The Liver and Biliary System 1304
320.5 Immunodeficiency 1262
320.6 Stagnant Loop Syndrome (Blind Loop Syndrome: Chapter 335 Development and Function of the Liver
Bacterial Overgrowth Syndrome) 1262 and Biliary System 1304
320.7 Short Bowel Syndrome 1262 Michael D. Bates and William F. Balistreri
320.8 Gluten-Sensitive Enteropathy (Celiac Disease,
Celiac Sprue) 1264 Chapter 336 Manifestations of Liver Disease 1308
320.9 Immunoproliferative Small Intestinal Vicky Lee Ng and William F. Balistreri
Disease 1266 336.1 Evaluation of Patients with Possible Liver
320.10 Other Malabsorptive Snydromes 1266 Dysfunction 1312
320.11 Enzyme Deficiencies 1267 Chapter 337 Cholestasis 1314
320.12 Defects of Absorption or Transport 1268 Hassan H. A-Kaderand William F. Balistreri
Chapter 321 Gastroenteritis 1272 337.1 Neonatal Cholestasis 1314
Larry K. Pickering and John D. Snyder 337.2 Cholestasis in the Older Child 1319
Chapter 322 Chronic Diarrhea 1276 Chapter 338 Metabolic Diseases of the Liver 1319
Fayez K. Ghishan Jeffrey A. Rudolph and William F. Balistreri
338.1 Inherited Deficient Conjugation of Bilirubin
Chapter 323 Recurrent Abdominal Pain of (Familial Nonhemolytic Unconjugated
Childhood 1281 Hyperbilirubinemia) 1320
Robert Wyllie 338.2 Wilson Disease 1321
Chapter 324 Acute Appendicitis 1283 338.3 Hepatic Copper Overload Syndrome 1323
Gary E. Hartman
338.4 Indian Childhood Cirrhosis 1323
338.5 Neonatal Iron Storage Disease (NISD) 132 3
Chapter 325 Surgical Conditions of the Anus, 338.6 Miscellaneous Metabolic Diseases of the Liver 1323
Rectum, and Colon 1285 Chapter 339 Viral Hepatitis 1324
Alberto Pena
John D. Snyder and Larry K. Pickering
325.1 Anorectal Malformations 1285 339.1 Hepatitis in Neonates 1331
325.2 Anal Fissure 1288
325.3 Perianal Abscess and Fistula 1288 Chapter 340 Liver Abscess 1332
325.4 Hemorrhoids 1289 Jeffrey Schwimmer and William F. Balistreri
Contents XXXV
Chapter 341 Liver Disease Associated with Systemic Chapter 356 Regulation of Respiration 1359
Disorders 1333 Gabriel G. Haddad
Jeffrey Schwimmer and William F. Balistreri
Chapter 357 Respiratory Pathophysiology 1362
Chapter 342 Reye Syndrome and the Mitochondrial J. Julio Perez Fontdn and Gabriel G. Haddad
Hepatopathies 1335 357.1 Respiratory Failure 1370
Jeffrey A. Rudolph and William F. Balistreri J. Julio Perez Fontdn and Gabriel G. Haddad
357.2 Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome
Chapter 343 Autoimmune (Chronic) Hepatitis 1337 (Ondine Curse) 1372
Benjamin L. Shneider and Frederick J. Suchy Gabriel G. Haddad
Chapter 344 Drug- andToxin-lnduced Liver Chapter 358 Defense Mechanisms and Metabolic
Injury 1339 Functions of the Lung 1373
Frederick J. Suchy Gabriel G. Haddad and J. Julio Perez Fontdn
358.1 Defense Mechanisms 1373
Chapter 345 Fulminant Hepatic Failure 1341 358.2 Metabolic Functions 1375
Frederick J. Suchy
Chapter 359 Diagnostic Approach to Respiratory
Chapter 346 Cystic Diseases of the Biliary Tract and
Disease 1375
Liver 1343 Gabriel G. Haddad and Regina M. Palazzo
Frederick J. Suchy
Chapter 360 Sudden Infant Death Syndrome 1380
Chapter 347 Diseases of the Gallbladder 1345 Carl E. Hunt and Fern R. Hauck
Frederick J. Suchy
Section 2: Upper Respiratory Tract 1386
Chapter 348 Portal Hypertension and
Varices 1346 Chapter 361 Congenital Disorders of the
Frederick J. Suchy Nose 1386
Joseph Haddad Jr.
Chapter 349 Liver Transplantation 1349
Kenneth L. Cox Chapter 362 Acquired Disorders of the
Nose 1387
Section 7: Peritoneum 1351
Joseph Haddad Jr.
Chapter 350 Malformations 1351 362.1 Foreign Body 1387
Jeffrey S: Hyams 362.2 Epistaxis 1387
Chapter 351 Ascites 1351 Chapter 363 Nasal Polyps 1388

Jeffrey S. Hyams Joseph Haddad Jr.
351.1 Chylous Ascites 1351 Chapter 364 The Common Cold 1389
Chapter 352 Peritonitis 1351 Ronald B. Turner and Gregory F. Hayden
Jeffrey S. Hyams Chapter 365 Sinusitis 1391
352.1 Acute Primary Peritonitis 1352 Diane E. Poppas and J. Owen Hendley
352.2 Acute Secondary Peritonitis 1352
352.3 Acute S econdary Localized Peritonitis Chapter 366 Acute Pharyngitis 1393
(Peritoneal Abscess) 1353 Gregory F. Hayden and Ronald B. Turner
Chapter 353 Diaphragmatic Hernia 1353 Chapter 367 Retropharyngeal Abscess, Lateral
Gary E. Hartman Pharyngeal (Parapharyngeal) Abscess, and
353.1 Foramen of Morgagni Hernia 1355 Peritonsillar Cellulitis/Abscess 1394
353.2 Paraesophageal Hernia 1355 Diane E. Poppas and J. Owen Hendley
353.3 Eventration 1355
Chapter 368 Tonsils and Adenoids 1396
Chapter 354 Epigastric Hernia 1355 Ralph F. Wetmore
Gary E. Hartman
354.1 Incisional Hernia 1356 Chapter 369 Obstructive Sleep Apnea and
Hypoventilation 1397
Carol L. Rosen, Lewis J. Kass, and Gabriel G. Haddad
: XVIII: The Respiratory System 1357 Section 3: Disorders of the Lungs and Lower
Airways 1401
Section 1: Development and Function 1357 Thomas P. Green and Susanna A. McColley
Chapter 355 Development of the Respiratory Chapter 370 Chronic or Recurrent Respiratory,
System 1357 Symptoms 1401 '•
Gabriel G. Haddad and J. Julio Perez Fontdn Thomas F. Boat '
XXXVI Contents
Chapter 371 Acute Inflammatory Upper Airway Chapter 381 o^-Antitrypsin Deficiency and
Obstruction 1405 Emphysema 1421
Genie E. Roosevelt Glenna B. Winnie and Steven Boas
371 :i Infectious Upper Airway Obstruction 1405
371.2 Bacterial Tracheitis 1409 Chapter 382 Other Distal Airway Diseases 1422
Steven Boas
Chapter 372 Congenital Anomalies of the 382.1 Bronciolitis Obliterans 1422
Larynx 1409 382.2 Follicular Bronchitis 1422
Lauren D. Holinger 382.3 Pulmonary Alveolar Microlithiasis 1422
372.1 Laryngomalacia 1409
Chapter 383 Congenital Disorders of the
372.2 Congenital Subglottic Stenosis 1409
372.3 Vocal Cord Paralysis 1410 Lung 1423
Thomas P. Green and Jonathan D. Finder
372.4 Congenital Laryngeal Webs and Atresia 1410
372.5 Congenital SubglotticHemangioma 1410 383.1 Pulmonary Agenesis and Aplasia 1423
372.6 Laryngoceles and Saccular Cysts 1410 383.2 Pulmonary Hypoplasia 1423
372.7 Posterior Laryngeal Cleft and 383.3 Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation 1424
Laryngotracheoesophageal Cleft 1410 383.4 Pulmonary Sequestration 1424
383.5 Bronchogenic Cysts 1425
Chapter 373 Foreign Bodies of the Airway 1410 383.6 Congenital Pulmonary Lymphangiectasia 1425
Lauren D. Holinger 383.7 Lung Hernia 1425
373.1 Laryngeal Foreign B odies 1411 383.8 Other Congenital Malformations of
373.2 Tracheal Foreign Bodies 1411 the Lung 1425
373.3 Bronchial Foreign Bodies 1411
Chapter 384 Pulmonary Edema 1426
Chapter 374 Laryngotracheal Stenosis, Subglottic Robert Mazor and Thomas P. Green
Stenosis 1412
Lauren D. Holinger
Chapter 385 Aspiration Syndromes 1427
John L. Colombo
374.1 Congenital Subglottic Stenosis 1412
374.2 AcquiredXaryngotracheal Stenosis 1412 Chapter 386 Chronic Recurrent Aspiration 1428
John L. Colombo
Chapter 375 Congenital Anomalies of theTrachea
and Bronchi 1412 Chapter 387 Gastroesophageal Reflux and
Lauren D. Holinger Respiratory Disorders 1430
375.1 Vascular and Cardiac Anomalies 1412 John L. Colombo
375.2 Trachea] Stenoses, Webs, and Atresia 1412
375.3 Foregut Cysts 1413 Chapter 388 Parenchymal Disease with Prominent
Hypersensitivity, Eosinophilic Infiltration, or
Chapter 376 Bronchomalacia and Toxin-Mediated Injury 1430
Tracheomalacia 1413 Oren Lakser
Jonathan D. Finder 388.1 Hypersensitivity to Inhaled Materials 1430
Chapter 377 Neoplasms of the Larynx,Trachea, and 388.2 Silo Filler Disease 1431
Bronchi 1413 388.3 Paraquat Lung 1431
388.4 Eosinophilic Lung Disease (Formerly Loffler
Lauren D. Holinger
Syndrome) 1432
377.1 Vocal Nodules 1413
377.2 Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis Chapter 389 Pneumonia 1432
(RRP) 1413 Theodore C. Sectish and Charles G. Prober
377.3 Congenital Subglottic Hemangioma 1414
377.4 Vascular Anomalies . 1414 Chapter 390 Slowly Resolving Pneumonia 1435
377.5 Other Laryngeal Neoplasms 1414 Oren Lakser
377.6 Tracheal Neoplasms 1414
Chapter 391 Bronchiectasis 1436
377.7 Bronchial Tumors 1414
Oren Lakser
Chapter 378 Inflammatory Disorders of the Small
Chapter 392 Pulmonary Abscess 1437
Airways 1414 Oren Lakser
Denise Goodman
378.1 Bronchitis 1414 Chapter 393 Cystic Fibrosis 1437
378.2 Bronchiolitis 1415 Thomas F. Boat
Chapter 379 Wheezing in Infants 1417 Chapter 394 Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (Immotile
Marzena Krawiec and Robert F. Lemanske, Jr. Cilia Syndrome) 1450
Gabriel G. Haddad
Chapter 380 .Emphysema and
Overinflation 1419 Chapter 395 Interstitial Lung Diseases 1451
Steven Boas and Glenna B. Winnie Michelle S. Howenstine
\
Contents XXXVil
Chapter 396 Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis 1453

Aaron Hamvas, Lawrence M. Nogee, and F. Sessions Cole Part XIX The Cardiovascular System 1475
Chapter 397 Inherited Disorders of Surfactant Section V. Developmental Biology of the Cardiovascular
Protein Metabolism 1454 System 1475
Aaron Hamvas, Lawrence M. Nogee, andF. Sessions Cole
Daniel Bernstein
Chapter 398 Pulmonary Hemosiderosis 1455
Dorr G. Dearborn Chapter 413 Cardiac Development 1475
413.1 Early Cardiac Morphogenesis 1475
Chapter 399 Pulmonary Hemorrhage, Embolism, 413.2 Cardiac Looping 1475
and Infarction 1457 413.3 Cardiac Septation 1475
Daniel Sloniewsky and Thomas P. Green 413.4 Aortic Arch Development 1477
399.1 Pulmonary Embolism and Infarction 1457 413.5 Cardiac Differentiation 1478
399.2 Hemoptysis 1458 413.6 Developmental Changes in Cardiac Function 1478
Chapter 400 Atelectasis 1459 Chapter 414 The Fetal-to-Neonatal Circulatory
Ranna A. Rozenfeld Transition 1479
414.1 The Fetal Circulation 1479
Chapter 401 Pulmonary Tumors 1461
414.2 The Transitional Circulation 1479
Susanna A. McColley and Paul R. Haut
414.3 The Neonatal Circulation 1479
Chapter 402 Pleurisy 1461 414.4 Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the
Glenna B. Winnie Neonate (Persistence of Fetal Circulatory
402.1 Dry or Plastic Pleurisy 1461 Pathways) 1481
402.2 Serofibrinous Pleurisy 1462
402.3 Purulent Pleurisy (Empyema) 1462 Section 2: Evaluation of the Cardiovascular System 1481
Chapter 403 Pneumothorax 1463 Daniel Bernstein
Glenna B. Winnie Chapter 415 History and Physical
Chapter 404 Pneumomediastinum 1465 Examination 1481
Glenna B. Winnie
Chapter 416 Laboratory Evaluation 1488
Chapter 405 Hydrothorax 1465 416.1 Radiologic Assessment 1488
Glenna B. Winnie 416.2 Electrocardiography 1489
416.3 Hematologic Data 1493
Chapter 406 Hemothorax 1465 416.4 Echocardiography 1493
Glenna B. Winnie 416.5 Exercise Testing 1495
Chapter 407 Chylothorax 1466 416.6 MRI, Electron Beam CT, and Radionuclide
Glenna B. Winnie Studies 1496
416.7 Cardiac Catheterization 1496
Chapter 408 Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia 1466
Steven Lestrud Section 3: Congenital Heart Disease 1499
Chapter 409 Skeletal Diseases Influencing Daniel Bernstein
Pulmonary Function 1467
Chapter 417 Epidemiology and Genetic Basis of
Steven Boas
Congenital Heart Disease 1499
409.1 Pectus Excavatum (Funnel Chest) 1467
409.2 Pectus Carinatum and Fissuri Sterni 1468 Chapter 418 Evaluation of the Infant or Child with
409.3 Asphyxiating Thoracic Dystrophy Congenital Heart Disease 1502
(Thoracic-Pelvic-Phalangeal Dystrophy) 1468
409.4 Achondroplasia 1468 Chapter 419 Acyanotic Congenital Heart Disease:
409.5 Kyphoscoliosis: Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis and The Left-to-Right Shunt Lesions 1503
Congential Scoliosis 1469 419.1 Atrial Septal Defect 1503
409.6 Congenital Rib Anomalies 1469 419.2 Ostium Secundum Defect 1504
419.3 Sinus Venosus Atrial Septal Defect 1505
Chapter 410 Neuromuscular Diseases with 419.4 Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous
Pulmonary Consequences 1469 Return 1505
David Gozal 419.5 Atrioventricular Septal Defects (Ostium Primum and
Chapter 411 Extrapulmonary Diseases with Atrioventricular Canal or Endocardial Cushion
Pulmonary Manifestations 1471 Defects) 1506
Susanna A. McColley 419.6 Ventricular Septal Defect 1508
419.7 Supracristal Ventricular Septal Defect with Aortic
Chapter 412 Chronic Severe Respiratory Insufficiency 1510 t,
Insufficiency 1472 419.8 Patent Ductus Arteriosus 1510 ',"»
Zehava Noah and Cynthia Budek 419.9 Aorticopulmonary Window Defect 1512 .'-\
xxxviii Contents
419.10 Coronary-Arteriovenous Fistula 424.8 Truncus Arteriosus 1540
(Coronary-Cameral Fistula) 1512 424.9 Single Ventricle (Double-Inlet Ventricle,
419.11 Ruptured Sinus of Valsalva Aneurysm 1512 Univentricular Heart) 1541
424.10 Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome 1541
Chapter 420 Acyanotic Congenital Heart Disease: 424.11 Abnormal Positions of the Heart and the
The Obstructive Lesions 1513 Heterotaxy Syndromes (Asplenia,
420.1 Pulmonary Valve Stenosis with Intact Ventricular Polysplenia) 1544
Septum 1513
420.2 Infundibular Pulmonary Stenosis and Double- Chapter 425 Other Congenital Heart and Vascular
Chamber Right Ventricle 1515 Malformations 1545
420.3 Pulmonary Stenosis in Combination with an 42 5.1 Anomalies of the Aortic Arch 1545
Intracardiac Shunt 1515 42 5.2 Anomalous Origin of the Coronary Arteries 1545
420.4 Peripheral Pulmonary Stenosis 1515 42 5.3 Pulmonary Arteriovenous Fistula 1547
420.5 Aortic Stenosis 1516 425.4 Ectopia Cordis 1548
420.6 Coarctation of the Aorta 1518 42 5.5 Diverticulum of the Left Ventricle 1548
420.7 Coarctation with Ventricular Septal Defect 1520
420.8 Coarctation with Other Cardiac Anomalies and Chapter 426 Pulmonary Hypertension 1548
Interrupted Aortic Arch 1520 426.1 Primary Pulmonary Hypertension 1548
420.9 Congenital Mitral Stenosis 1520 426.2 Pulmonary Vascular Disease (Eisenmenger
42 0.10 Pulmonary Venous Hypertension 1521 Syndrome) 1549
Chapter 421 Acyanotic Congenital Heart Disease: Chapter 427 General Principles of Treatment of
Regurgitant Lesions 1522 Congenital Heart Disease 1551
421.1 Pulmonary Valvular Insufficiency and Congenital Section 4: Cardiac Arrhythmias 1554
Absence of the Pulmonary Valve 1522
421.2 Congenital Mitral Insufficiency 1522 Anne Dubin
421.3 Mitral Valve Prolapse 1522 Chapter 428 Disturbances of Rate and Rhythm
421.4 Tricuspid Regurgitation 1523
of the Heart 1554
Chapter 422 Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease: 428.1 Sinus Arrhythmias and Extrasystoles 1554
Evaluation of the Critically III Neonate with 428.2 Supraventricular Tachycardia 1559
Cyanosis and Respiratory Distress 1523 428.3 Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias 1561
428.4 Long Q-T Syndrome 1562
Chapter 423 Cyanotic Congenital Heart Lesions: 428.5 Bradyarrhythmias 1562
Lesions Associated with Decreased Pulmonary 428.6 Sick Sinus Syndrome 1563
Blood Flow 1524 428.7 Sudden Death 1563
423.1 Tetralogy of Fallot 1524
42 3.2 Pulmonary Atresia with Ventricular Section 5:AcquiredHeartDisease 1565
Septal Defect 1528 Daniel Bernstein
423.3 Pulmonary Atresia with Intact Ventricular
Septum 1529 Chapter 429 Infective Endocarditis 1565
423.4 Tricuspid Atresia 1530 Chapter 430 Rheumatic Heart Disease 1570
423.5 Double-Outlet Right Ventricle with Pulmonary
Stenosis 1532 Section 6: Diseases of the Myocardium and
42 3.6 Transposition of the Great Arteries with Ventricular Pericardium 1572
Septal Defect and Pulmonary Stenosis 1532 Daniel Bernstein
423.7 Ebstein Anomaly of the Tricuspid Valve 1532
Chapter 431 Diseases of the Myocardium 1572
Chapter 424 Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease: 431.1 Dilated Cardiomyopathy 15 72
Lesions Associated with Increased Pulmonary 431.2 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy 1575
Blood Flow 1534 431.3 Restrictive Cardiomyopathy 1576
424.1 d-Transposition of the Great Arteries 1534 431.4 Myocarditis 1576
424.2 d-Transposition of the Great Arteries with Intact 431.5 Nonviral Causes of Myocarditis 1577
Ventricular Septum 1535 431.6 Endocardial Fibroelastosis 1578
424.3 Transposition of the Great Arteries with Ventricular
Septal Defect 1536 Chapter 432 Diseases of the Pericardium 1579
424.4 1-Transposition of the Great Arteries (Corrected 432.1 Constrictive Pericarditis 1581 , :
^ Transposition) 1537 Chapter 433 Tumorsof the Heart 1581
424.5 Double-Outlet Right Ventricle Without Pulmonary
Stenosis 1538 Section 7: Cardiac Therapeutics 1582
424.6 Double-Outlet Right Ventricle with
Daniel Bernstein
Transposition of the Great Arteries (Taussig-Bing
Anomaly) 1538 Chapter 434 Heart Failure 1582
424.7 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return 1538 434.1 Cardiogenic Shock 1586
Contents XXXJX
Chapter 435 Pediatric Heart and Heart-Lung Chapter 451 Hereditary Elliptocytosis 1622
Transplantation 1587 George B. Segel
435.1 Pediatric Heart Transplantation 1587
Chapter 452 Hereditary Stomatocytosis 1622
435.2 Heart-Lung and Lung Transplantation 1590
George B. Segel
Section 8: Diseases of the Peripheral Vascular Chapter 453 Other Membrane Defects 1622
System 1591 George B. Segel
Daniel Bernstein
Chapter 454 Hemoglobin Disorders 1623
Chapter 436 Disease of the Blood Vessels Keith Quircdo and Elliott Vichinsky
(Aneurysms and Fistulas) 1591 454.1 Sickle Cell Disease 1624
436.1 Kawasaki Disease 1591 454.2 Sickle Cell Trait (Hemoglobin AS) 1628
436.2 Arteriovenous Fistulas 1591 454.3 Other Hemoglobinopathies 1629
454.4 Unstable Hemoglobin Disorders 1629
Chapter 437 Systemic Hypertension 1592 454.5 Abnormal Hemoglobins with Increased Oxygen
Affinity 1629
454.6 Abnormal Hemoglobins Causing
Cyanosis 1629
Diseases of the Blood 1599 454.7 Hereditary Methemoglobinemia 1629
454.8 Syndromes of Hereditary Persistence of Fetal
Section 1: The Hematopoietic System 1599
Hemoglobin (HPFH) 1630
454.9 Thalassemia Syndromes 1630
Chapter 438 Development of the Hematopoietic
System 1599 Chapter 455 Enzymatic Defects 1635
George B. Segel
Robin K. Ohls and Robert D. Christensen
455.1 Pyruvate Kinase (PK) Deficiency 1635
Chapter 439 The Anemias 1604 455.2 Other Glycolytic Enzyme Deficiencies 1636
Bertil Glader 455.3 Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) and
Related Deficiencies 1636
Section 2: Anemias of Inadequate Production 1606
Chapter 456 Hemolytic Anemias Resulting from
Bertil Glader Extracellular Factors 1638
Chapter 440 Congenital Hypoplastic Anemia George B. Segel
(Diamond-Blackfan Anemia) 1606 Chapter 457 Hemolytic Anemias Secondary to Other
Chapter 441 Pearson Marrow-Pancreas Extracellular Factors 1640
George B. Segel
Syndrome 1607
Chapter 442 Acquired Pure Red Blood Cell Section 4: Polycythemia (Erythrocytosis) 1641
Anemias 1608 Bruce M. Camitta
Chapter 443 Anemia of Chronic Disorders Chapter 458 Primary Polycythemia (Polycythemia
(ACD) and Renal Disease 1609 RubraVera) 1641
Chapter 444 Congenital Dyserythropoietic Chapter 459 Secondary Polycythemia 1641
Anemias (CDA) 1609
Section 5: The Pancytopenias 1642
Chapter 445 Physiologic Anemia of Infancy 1610
Chapter 460 The Constitutional
Chapter 446 Megaloblastic Anemias 1611 Pancytopenias 1642
446.1 Folic Acid Deficiency 1611 Alan D. D'Andrea
446.2 Vitamin B 12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency 1612
Chapter 461 The Acquired Pancytopenias 1644
446.3 Other Rare Megaloblastic Anemias 1613 Jeffrey D. Hard
Chapter 447 Iron-Deficiency Anemia 1614 Section 6: Risks of Blood Component

Chapter 448 Other Microcytic Anemias 1616 Transfusions 1646
Ronald G. Strauss
Section 3: Hemolytic Anemias 1617
Chapter 462 Red Blood Cell Transfusions and
Chapter 449 Definitions and Classification of ErythropoietinTherapy 1646
Hemolytic Anemias 1617
George B. Segel Chapter 463 Platelet Transfusions 1647
Chapter 450 Hereditary Spherocytosis 1620 Chapter 464 Neutrophil (Granulocyte)
George B. Segel Transfusions 1648 A
xl Contents
Chapter 465 Fresh Frozen Plasma Section 8: The Spleen 1675

Transfusions 1649 James French and Bruce M. Camitta
Chapter 466 Risks of BloodTransfusions 1650 Chapter 477 Anatomy and Function of the
Spleen 1675
Section 7: Hemorrhagic and Thrombotic Diseases 1651
Robert R. Montgomery and J. Paul Scott Chapter 478 Splenomegaly 1675
Chapter 467 Hemostasis 1651 Chapter 479 Hyposplenism, Splenic Trauma, and
467.1 Hemostatic Mechanism 1651 Splenectomy 1676
467.2 The Clinical and Laboratory Evaluation 1653
Section 9: The Lymphatic System 1677
Chapter 468 Hereditary Clotting Factor Deficiencies Bruce M. Camitta
(Bleeding Disorders) 1657
468.1 Factor VIII or Factor IX Deficiency Chapter 480 Anatomy and Function of the
(Hemophilia A or B) 1657 Lymphatic System 1677
468.2 Factor XI Deficiency (HemophiliaC) 1660
468.3 Deficiencies of the Contact Factors Chapter 481 Abnormalities of Lymphatic
(Nonbleeding Disorders) 1660 Vessels 1677
468.4 Factor VII Deficiency 1661
Chapter 482 Lymphadenopathy 1677
468.5 Factor X Deficiency 1661
468.6 Prothrombin (Factor II) Deficiency 1661
468.7 Factor V Deficiency 1661
468.8 Combined Deficiency of Factors V and VIII 1661 Part XXI Cancer and Benign Tumors 1679
468.9. Fibrinogen Deficiency 1661
468.10 Factor XIII Deficiency (Fibrin-Stabilizing Factor or
Transglutaminase Deficiency) 1661 Chapter 483 Epidemiology of Childhood and
468.11 Antiplasmin or Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Adolescent Cancer 1679
(PAI) Deficiency 1662 James G. Gurney and Melissa L. Bondy
Chapter 469 von Willebrand Disease 1662 Chapter 484 Molecular and Cellular Biology of
Cancer 1681
Chapter 470 Hereditary Predisposition to Laura L. Worth
Thrombosis 1664
Chapter 485 Principles of Diagnosis 1684
Chapter 471 Acquired Thrombotic Disorders 1665 Archie Bleyer
471.1 Anticoagulant and Thrombolytic Therapy 1666
Chapter 486 Principles of Treatment 1688
Chapter 472 Postneonatal Vitamin K Archie Bleyer
Deficiency 1668
Chapter 487 The Leukemias 1694
Chapter 473 Liver Disease 1668 David G. Tubergen and Archie Bleyer
487.1 Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia 1694
Chapter 474 Acquired Inhibitors of 487.2 Acute Myelogenous Leukemia 1696
Coagulation 1668 487.3 Down Syndrome and Acute Leukemia and
Chapter 475 Disseminated Intravascular Myeloproliferation 1697
Coagulation (Consumptive Coagulopathy) 1669 487.4 Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia 1697
487.5 Juvenile Chronic Myelogenous
Chapter 476 Platelet and Blood Vessel Leukemia 1698
Disorders 1670 487.6 Infant Leukemia 1698
476.1 Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura 1670
Chapter 488 Lymphoma 1698
476.2 Drug-Induced Thrombocytopenia 1671
GeraldS. Gilchrist
476.3 Nonimmune Platelet Destruction 1671
488.1 Hodgkin Disease 1698
476.4 Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome (HUS) 1671
488.2 Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma 1701
476.5 Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) 1672
476.6 Kasabach-Merritt Syndrome 1672 Chapter 489 BrainTumors in Childhood 1702
476.7 Sequestration 1672 John F. Kuttesch, Jr. and Joann L. Ater
476.8 Congenital Thrombocytopenic Syndromes 1672
476.9 Neonatal Thrombocytopenia 1672 Chapter 490 Neuroblastoma 1709
476.10 Thrombocytopenia Due to Acquired Disorders Joann L. Ater
Causing Decreased Production 1673 Chapter 491 Neoplasms of the Kidney 1711
476.11 Platelet Function Disorders 1673 Norman Jaffe and Vicki Huff
476.12 Acquired Disorders of Platelet Function 1673
476.13 Congenital Abnormalities of Platelet Function 1673 Chapter 492 SoftTissue Sarcomas 1714
476.14 Disorders of the Blood Vessels 1674 Carola A. S. Arndt
Contents xli
Chapter 493 Neoplasms of Bone 1717 Chapter 507 Henoch-Schonlein Purpura

CarolaA. S.Arndt Nephritis 1744
49 3.1 Malignant Tumors of B one 1717
493.2 Benign Tumors and Tumor-like Processes of Chapter 508 Rapidly Progressive (Crescentic)
Bone 1720 Glomerulonephritis 1745
Chapter 494 Retinoblastoma 1722 Chapter 509 Goodpasture Disease 1745
Cynthia E. Herzog
Chapter 510 Hemolytic-Uremic
Chapter 495 Gonadal and Germ Cell Syndrome 1746
Neoplasms 1723
Cynthia E. Herzog
Chapter 511 Upper Urinary Tract Causes of
Hematuria 1747
Chapter 496 Neoplasms of the Liver 1725 511.1 Interstitial Nephritis 1747
Cynthia E. Herzog 511.2 Toxic Nephropathy 1747
511.3 Cortical Necrosis 1747
Chapter 497 Benign VascularTumors 1726 511.4 Pyelonephritis 1747
Cynthia E. Herzog
511.5 Nephrocalcinosis 1747
Chapter 498 Rare Tumors 1726 511.6 Vascular Abnormalities 1747
Cynthia E. Herzog 511.7 Renal Vein Thrombosis 1747
511.8 Idiopathic Hypercalciuria 1748
Chapter 499 Histiocytosis Syndromes of
Childhood 1727 Chapter 512 Hematologic Diseases Causing
Stephan Ladisch Hematuria 1748
512.1 Sickle Cell Nephropathy 1748
512.2 Coagulopathies and
Thrombocytopenia 1749
Part XXII Nephrology 1731 Chapter 513 AnatomicAbnormalitiesAssociated
with Hematuria 1749
Section 1:Glomerular Disease 1731
513.1 Congenital Anomalies 1749
Ira D. Davis and Ellis D. Avner 513.2 Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney
Chapter 500 Introduction to Glomerular Disease 1749
513.3 Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney
Diseases 1731
Disease 1750
500.1 Anatomy of the Glomerulus 1731
513.4 Trauma 1750
500.2 Glomerular Filtration 1732 513.5 Renal Tumors 1750
500.3 Glomerular Diseases 1734
Chapter 514 Lower Urinary Tract Causes of
Section 2: Conditions Particularly Associated with Hematuria 1751
Hematuria 1735 514.1 Infectious Causes of Cystitis and
Ira D. Davis and Ellis D. Avner Urethritis 1751
514.2 Hemorrhagic Cystitis 1751
Chapter 501 Clinical Evaluation of the Child with 514.3 Heavy Exercise 1751
Hematuria 1735 514.4 Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy 1751
Chapter 502 Isolated Glomerular Diseases with Section 3: Conditions Particularly Associated with
Recurrent Gross Hematuria 1737 Proteinuria 1751
502.1 IgA Nephropathy (BergerNephropathy) 1737
Beth A. Vogt and Ellis D. Avner
502.2 Alport Syndrome 1738
502.3 Thin Glomerular Basement Membrane Chapter 515 Introduction to the Child with
Disease 1739 Proteinuria 1751
Chapter 503 Glomerulonephritis Associated with Chapter 516 Transient Proteinuria 1752
Infections 1740
503.1 Acute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis 1740 Chapter 517 Orthostatic (Postural)
503.2 Other Chronic Infections 1741 Proteinuria 1752
Chapter 504 Membranous Glomerulopathy Chapter 518 Fixed Proteinuria 1752
(Glomerulonephritis) 1741 518.1 Glomerular Proteinuria 1752
518.2 Tubular Proteinuria 1753
Chapter 505 Membranoproliferative
(Mesangiocapillary) Glomerulonephritis 1742 Chapter 519 Nephrotic Syndrome 1753
519.1 Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome 1755
Chapter 506 Glomerulonephritis Associated with 519.2 Secondary Nephrotic Syndrome 1757
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 1743 519.3 Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome 1757
Xlii Contents
Section 4: Tubular Disorders 1758 Chapter 535 Voiding Dysfunction 1808

Chapter 520 Tubular Function 1758 Chapter 536 Anomalies of the Penis and
Katherine MacRae Dell and Ellis D. Avner Urethra 1812
Chapter 521 RenalTubularAcidosis 1758 Chapter 537 Disorders and Anomalies of the Scrotal
521.1 Proximal (Type II) Renal Tubular Acidosis 1759 Contents 1817
Katherine MacRae Dell and Ellis D. Avner
521.2 Distal (Type I) Renal Tubular Acidosis 1760 Chapter 538 Trauma to the Genitourinary
Katherine MacRae Dell and Ellis D. Avner Tract 1821
521.3 Hyperkalemic (Type IV) Renal Tubular
Chapter 539 Urinary Lithiasis 1822
Acidosis 1761
521.4 Rickets Associated with Renal Tubular
Acidosis 1762 Part XXIV Gynecologic Problems of
Russell W. Chesney
Childhood 1827
Chapter 522 Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus 1762
Katherine MacRae Dell and Ellis D. Avner Joseph S. Sanfilippo
Chapter 523 Bartter/Gitelman Syndromes and Other Chapter 540 History and Physical
InheritedTubularTransport Abnormalities 1763 Examination 1827
523.1 Banter Syndrome 1763 Chapter 541 Vulvovaginitis 1828
523.2 Gitelman Syndrome 1764 •
Chapter 542 Bleeding 1833
523.3 Other Inherited Tubular Transport
Abnormalities 1764 Chapter 543 Breast Disorders 1833
Chapter 524 Tubulointerstitial Nephritis 1764 Chapter 544 Hirsutism and Polycystic Ovarian
Katherine MacRae Dell and Ellis D. Avner Syndrome 1835
SectionS: Toxic Nephropathies—Renal Failure 1766 Chapter 545 Neoplasms 1837
Chapter 525 Toxic Nephropathy 1766 Chapter 546 Vulvovaginal and Mullerian
Beth A. Vogt and Ellis D. Avner Anomalies 1839
Chapter 526 Cortical Necrosis 1767 Chapter 547 Athletic Gynecologic Problems 1842
Beth A. Vogt and Ellis D. Avner
Chapter 548 Special Gynecologic Needs 1843
Chapter 527 Renal Failure 1767
Beth A. Vogt and Ellis D. Avner Chapter 549 Gynecologic Imaging 1843
527.1 Acute Renal Failure 1767
527.2 Chronic Renal Failure 1771
527.3 End-Stage Renal Disease 1774
Part XXV The Endocrine System 1845
Chapter 528 RenalTransplantation 1775
Rodrigo E. Urizar Section 1: Disorders of the Hypothalamus and Pituitary
Gland 1845
Chapter 550 Hormones of the Hypothalamus and
Part XXI11 Urologic Disorders in Infants and Pituitary 1845
John S. Parks
Children 1783
Chapter 551 Hypopituitarism 1847
Jack S. Elder John S. Parks
Chapter 529 Congenital Anomalies and Dysgenesis Chapter 552 Diabetes Insipidus 1853
of the Kidneys 1783 David T. Breault and Joseph A. Majzoub
552.1 Causes of Hypernatremia 1854
Chapter 530 Urinary Tract Infections 1785
Chapter 553 Other Abnormalities of Arginine
Chapter 531 Vesicoureteral Reflux 1790 Vasopressin Metabolism and Action 1855
David T. Breault and Joseph A. Majzoub
Chapter 532 Obstructions of the Urinary Tract 1794
Chapter 554 Hyperpituitarism,Tall Stature, and
Chapter 533 Anomalies of the Bladder 1804
Overgrowth Syndromes 1857
Chapter 534 Neuropathic Bladder 1806 Pinchas Cohen
Contents xliii
Chapter 555 Physiology of Puberty 1862 Section 4: Disorders of the Adrenal Glands 1898
Luigi Garibaldi Lenore S. Levine and Perrin C. White
Chapter 556 Disorders of Pubertal Chapter 568 The Physiology of the Adrenal
Development 1863 Gland 1898
Luigi Garibaldi
568.1 Histology and Embryology 1898
556.1 Gonadotropin-Dependent Precocious 568.2 Adrenal Steroid Biosynthesis 1899
Puberty 1863 568.3 Regulation of the Adrenal Cortex 1900
556.2 Precocious Puberty Resulting from Organic Brain 568.4 Adrenal Steroid Hormone Actions 1901
Lesions 1865 568.5 Adrenal Medulla 1904
556.3 Precocious Puberty Following Irradiation of the
Brain 1866 Chapter 569 Adrenocortical Insufficiency 1904
556.4 Syndrome of Precocious Puberty and 569.1 Primary Adrenal Insufficiency 1904
Hypothyroidism 1866 569.2 Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency 1908
556.5 Gonadotropin-Secreting Tumors 1867
556.6 McCune-Albright Syndrome (Precocious Puberty Chapter 570 Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia and
with Polyostotic Fibrous Dysplasia and Abnormal Related Disorders 1909
Pigmentation) 1867 570.1 Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia due to
556.7 Familial Male Gonadotropin-Independent 21 -Hydroxylase Deficiency 1909
Precocious Puberty 1868 570.2 Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia due to
556.8 Incomplete (Partial) Precocious 11 P-Hydroxylase Deficiency 1913
Development 1868 570.3 Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia due to 3(3-
556.9 Medicational Precocity 1869 Hydroxysteriod Dehydrogenase Deficiency 1913
570.4 Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia due to
Section 2: Disorders of the Thyroid Gland 1870 17-Hydroxylase Deficiency 1914
Stephen LaFranchi 570.5 Lipoid Adrenal Hyperplasia 1914
570.6 Aldosterone Synthase Deficiency 1915
Chapter 557 Thyroid Development and 570.7 Glucocorticoid-Suppressible
Physiology 1870 Hyperaldosteronism 1915
557.1 Thyroid Hormone Studies 1871
Chapter 571 Cushing Syndrome 1916
Chapter 558 Defects of Thyroxine-Binding
Chapter 572 Primary Aldosteronism 1918
Globulin 1872
Chapter 573 AdrenalTumors 1918
Chapter 559 Hypothyroidism 1872
573.1 Virilizing Adrenocortical Tumors 1918
Chapter 560 Thyroiditis 1879
573.2 Feminizing Adrenal Tumors 1919
Chapter 561 Goiter 1881
Chapter 574 Pheochromocytoma 1919
561.1 Congenital Goiter 1881
561.2 Endemic Goiter and Cretinism 1882 Chapter 575 Adrenal Masses 1920
561.3 Sporadic Goiter 1883 575.1 Adrenal Incidentaloma 1920
561.4 Intratracheal Goiter 1883 575.2 Adrenal Calcification 1921
Chapter 562 Hyperthyroidism 1884 Section 5: Disorders of the Gonads 1921
562.1 Graves Disease 1884 Robert Rapaport
562.2 Congenital Hyperthyroidism 1886
Chapter 576 Development and Function of the
Chapter 563 Carcinoma of the
Gonads 1921
Thyroid 1887 '
563.1 Solitary Thyroid Nodule 1888 Chapter 577 Hypofunction of theTestes 1924
563.2 Medullary Carcinoma 1889 577.1 Hypergonadotropic Hypogonadism in the Male
(Primary Hypogonadism) 1924
Section 3: Disorders of the Parathyroid 1890 5 77.2 Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism in the Male
Daniel A. Doyle and Angelo M. DiGeorge (Secondary Hypogonadism) 1927
Chapter 564 Hormones and Peptides of Chapter 578 Pseudoprecocity Resulting from
Calcium Homeostasis and Bone Tumors of theTestes 1930
Metabolism 1890 Chapter 579 Gynecomastia 1930
Chapter 565 Hypoparathyroidism 1892 Chapter 580 Hypofunction of the Ovaries 1931
Chapter 566 Pseudohypoparathyroidism 580.1 Hypergonadotropic Hypogonadism in the Female •
(Albright Hereditary Osteodystrophy) 1894 (Primary Hypogonadism) 1931 ,
580.2 Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism in the Female
Chapter 567 Hyperparathyroidism 1895 (Secondary Hypogonadism) 1935
xliv Contents
Chapter 581 Pseudoprecocity Due to Lesions of the 589.3 Sturge-Weber Disease 2017
Ovary 1937 589.4 von Hippel-Lindau Disease 2019
589.5 Linear Nevus Syndrome 2019
Chapter 582 Intersex 1939 589.6 PHACE Syndrome 2019
582.1 46,XX Intersex (46,XX with Virilization) 1940
582.2 46,XYIntersex (46,XY with Undervirilization) 1940 Chapter 590 Movement Disorders 2019
582.3 True Gonadal Intersex 1945 Michael V. Johnston
590.1 Ataxias 2019
Section 6: Diabetes Mellitus in Children 1947 590.2 Chorea, Athetosis, Tremor 2020
Ramin Alemzadeh and David T. Wyatt 590.3 Dystonia 2022
590.4 Tics 2023
Chapter 583 Diabetes Mellitus 1947
583.1 Introduction and Classification 1947 Chapter 591 Encephalopathies 2023
583.2 Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (Immune Michael V. Johnston
Mediated) 1948 591.1 Cerebral Palsy 2024
583.3 Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 1967 591.2 MitochondrialEncephalomyopathies 2025
583.4 Other Specific Types of Diabetes 1968 591.3 Other Encephalopathies 2027
Chapter 592 Neurodegenerative Disorders of
Childhood 2029
Part XXVI The Nervous System 1973 Michael V. Johnston
592.1 Sphingolipidoses 2029
Chapter 584 Neurologic Evaluation 1973 592.2 Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses 2032
Robert H. A. Haslam
592.3 Adrenoleukodystrophy 2032
592.4 Sialidosis 2033
Chapter 585 Congenital Anomalies of the Central 592.5 Miscellaneous Disorders 2033
Nervous System 1983
Chapter 593 Acute Stroke Syndromes 2035
Michael V. Johnston and Stephen Kinsman
Michael V. Johnston
585.1 Neural Tube Defects (Dysraphism) 1983
593.1 Arterial Thrombosis/Embolism 2035
585.2 Spina Bifida Occulta 1983
593.2 Venous Thrombosis 2036
585.3 Meningocele 1983
593.3 Intracranial Hemorrhage 2036
585.4 Myelomeningocele 1984
593.4 Differential Diagnosis of Strokelike
585.5 Encephalocele 1985
Events 2037
585.6 Anencephaly 1986
585.7 Disorders of Neuronal Migration 1986 Chapter 594 Central Nervous System
585.8 Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum 1987 Infections 2038
585.9 Agenesis of the Cranial Nerves 1988 Charles G. Prober
585.10 Microcephaly 1988 594.1 Acute Bacterial Meningitis Beyond the Neonatal
585.11 Hydrocephalus 1989 Period 2038
585.12 Craniosynostosis 1992 594.2 Viral Meningoencephalitis 2044
Chapter 586 Seizures in Childhood 1993 594.3 Eosinophilic Meningitis 2046
Michael V. Johnston Chapter 595 Brain Abscess 2047
586.1 Febrile Seizures 1994 Robert H. A. Haslam
586.2 Unprovoked Seizures 1994
586.3 Partial Seizures 1995 Chapter 596 Pseudotumor Cerebri 2048
586.4 Generalized Seizures 1997 Robert H. A. Haslam
586.5 Mechanisms of Seizures 1999
Chapter 597 Spinal Cord Disorders 2049
586.6 Treatment of Epilepsy 1999
Robert H. A. Haslam
586.7 Neonatal Seizures 2005
597.1 Spinal Cord Tumors 2049
586.8 Status Epilepticus 2007
597.2 Spinal Cord Trauma 2050
Chapter 587 Conditions that Mimic Seizures 2009 597.3 Tethered Cord 2050
Michael V. Johnston 597.4 Diastematomyelia 2051
597.5 Syringomyelia 2051
Chapter 588 Headaches 2012 597.6 Transverse Myelitis 2051
Robert H. A. Haslam 597.7 Arteriovenous Malformation 2052
588.1 Migraine 2012
588.2 Organic Headaches 2014
588.3 Tension or Stress Headaches 2015
Part XXVII Neuromuscular Disorders 2053
Chapter 589 Neurocutaneous Syndromes 2015
Robert H. A. Haslam Harvey B. Sarnat
589.1 Neurofibromatosis 2015
589.2 Tuberous Sclerosis 2017 Chapter 598 Evaluation and Investigation 2053
Contents xlv
Chapter 599 Developmental Disorders of

Muscle 2055 PartXXVIII Disorders of the Eye 2083
599.1 Myotubular Myopathy 2056
599.2 Congenital Muscle Fiber-Type Disproportion Scott E. Olitsky and Leonard B. Nelson
(CMFTD) 2057
599.3 Nemaline Rod Myopathy 2058 Chapter 609 Growth and Development 2083
599.4 Central Core Disease 2059 Chapter 610 Examination of the Eye 2084
599.5 Brain Malformations and Muscle
Development 2059 Chapter 611 Abnormalities of Refraction and
599.6 Amyoplasia 2059 Accommodation 2086
599.7 Muscular Dysgenesis (Proteus Syndrome
Myopathy) 2059 Chapter 612 Disorders of Vision 2087
599.8 Benign Congenital Hypotonia 2059 Chapter 613 Abnormalities of Pupil and Iris 2089
599.9 Arthrogryposis 2059
Chapter 614 Disorders of Eye Movement and
Chapter 600 Muscular Dystrophies 2060
Alignment 2092
600.1 Duchenne and Becker Muscular
Dystrophies -2060 Chapter 615 Abnormalities of the Lids 2097
600.2 Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy 2064
600.3 Myotonic Muscular Dystrophy 2064 Chapter 616 Disorders of the Lacrimal
600.4 Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy 2066 System 2099
600.5 Facioscapulohumeral Muscular
Chapter 617 Disorders of the Conjunctiva 2099
Dystrophy • 2067
600.6 Congenital Muscular Dystrophy 2067 Chapter 618 Abnormalities of the Cornea 2103
Chapter 601 Endocrine Myopathies 2069 Chapter 619 Abnormalities of the Lens 2105
Chapter 602 Metabolic Myopathies 2070 Chapter 620 Disorders of the UvealTract 2111
602.1 Periodic Paralyses (Potassium-Related) 2070
602.2 Malignant Hyperthermia -2070 Chapter 621 Disorders of the Retina and
602.3 Glycogenoses 2070 Vitreous 2113
602.4 Mitochondrial Myopathies 2071
602.5 Lipid Myopathies 2072 Chapter 622 Abnormalities of the Optic
602.6 Vitamin E Deficiency Myopathy 2072 Nerve 2119
Chapter 603 Disorders of Neuromuscular Chapter 623 Childhood Glaucoma 2122

Transmission and of Motor Neurons 2072 Chapter 624 Orbital Abnormalities 2123
603.1 Myasthenia Gravis 2072
603.2 Spinal Muscular Atrophies 2075 Chapter 625 Injuries to the Eye 2124
603.3 Other Motor Neuron Diseases 2076
Chapter 604 Hereditary Motor-Sensory
Neuropathies 2076 Part XXIX The Ear 2127
604.1 Peroneal Muscular Atrophy (Charcot-Marie-Tooth
Disease; HMSN Type I) 2076 Chapter 626 Clinical Manifestations 2127
604.2 Peroneal Muscular Atrophy Joseph Haddad Jr.
(Axonal Type) 2077
604.3 Dejerine-Sottas Disease (HMSN Type III) 2077 Chapter 627 Hearing Loss 2129
604.4 Roussy-Levy Syndrome 2077 Joseph Haddad Jr.
604.5 Refsum Disease 2077
604.6 Fabry Disease 2077 Chapter 628 Congenital Malformations 2135
604.7 Giant Axonal Neuropathy 2078 Joseph Haddad Jr.
604.8 Congenital Hypomyelinating Chapter 629 Diseases of the External Ear 2136
Neuropathy 2078 Joseph Haddad Jr.
604.9 Tomaculous Neuropathy 2078
604.10 Leukodystrophies 2078 Chapter 630 Otitis Media 2138
Jack L. Paradise
Chapter 605 Toxic Neuropathies 2078
Chapter 631 The Inner Ear and Diseases of the Bony
Chapter 606 Autonomic Neuropathies 2079 Labyrinth 2149 i
606.1 Familial Dysautonomia 2079 Joseph Haddad Jr. \
606.2 Other Autonomic Neuropathies 2079
Chapter 632 Traumatic Injuries of the Ear and ,
Chapter 607 Guillain-Barre Syndrome 2080 Temporal Bone 2150
Joseph Haddad Jr.
Chapter 608 Bell Palsy 2081
xlvi Contents
Chapter 633 Tumors of the Ear andTemporal

Bone 2151 Part XXXI Bone and Joint Disorders 2251
Joseph Haddad Jr.
Section 1: Orthopedic Problems 2251
Chapter 662 Growth and Development 2251
The Skin 2153 George H. Thompson
Chapter 663 Evaluation of the Child 2251

Gary L. Darmstadt and Robert Sidbury George H. Thompson
Chapter 634 Morphology of the Skin 2153 Chapter 664 The Foot and Toes 2254
Chapter 635 Evaluation of the Patient 2154 George H. Thompson
664.1 Metatarsus Adductus 2255
635.1 Cutaneous Manifestations of Systemic
664.2 Calcaneovalgus Feet 2255
Diseases 2155
664.3 Talipes Equinovarus (Clubfoot) 2256
Chapter 636 Principles of Therapy 2159 664.4 Congenital Vertical Talus 2256
664.5 Hypermobile Pes Planus (Flexible Flatfeet) 2257
Chapter 637 Diseases of the Neonate 2161 664.6 Tarsal Coalition 2257
Chapter 638 Cutaneous Defects 2164 664.7 CavusFeet 2257
664.8 Osteochondroses 2257
Chapter 639 Ectodermal Dysplasias 2166 664.9 Puncture Wounds of the Foot 2258
664.10 Toe Deformities 2258
Chapter 640 Vascular Disorders 2167 664.11 Painful Foot 2260
Chapter 641 Cutaneous Nevi 2172 664.12 Shoes 2260
Chapter 642 Hyperpigmented Lesions 2176 Chapter 665 Torsional and Angular
Deformities 2261
Chapter 643 Hypopigmented Lesions 2178 George H. Thompson
665.1 Normal Developmental Alignment 2261
Chapter 644 Vesiculobullous Disorders 2181
665.2 Internal Femoral Torsion 2262
Chapter 645 Eczematous Disorders 2188 665.3 Internal Tibial Torsion 2263
665.4 External Femoral Torsion 2263
Chapter 646 Photosensitivity 2191 665.5 External Tibial Torsion 2264
665.6 Genu Varum (Bowlegs) 2264
Chapter 647 Diseases of the Epidermis 2195
665.7 Genu Valgum (Knock-Knees) 2266
Chapter 648 Disorders of Keratinization 2200 665.8 Congenital Angular Deformities of the Tibia and
Fibula 2269
Chapter 649 Diseases of the Dermis 2204
Chapter 666 Leg-Length Discrepancy 2270
Chapter 650 Diseases of Subcutaneous George H. Thompson
Tissue 2210
Chapter 667 The Knee 2271
Chapter 651 Disorders of the Sweat George H. Thompson
Glands 2213 667.1 Discoid Lateral Meniscus 2272
Chapter 652 Disorders of Hair 2215 667.2 Popliteal Cyst 2272
667.3 Osteochondritis Dissecans 2272
Chapter 653 Disorders of the Nails 2219 667.4 Osgood-Schlatter Disease 2272
667.5 Idiopathic Adolescent Anterior Knee Pain
Chapter 654 Disorders of the Mucous Syndrome 2272
Membranes 2220 667.6 Patella Subluxation and Dislocation 2273
Chapter 655 Cutaneous Bacterial Chapter 668 The Hip 2273
Infections 2222 George H. Thompson
668.1 Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip 2273
Chapter 656 Cutaneous Fungal Infections 2230
668.2 Transient Monoarticular Synovitis 2276
Chapter 657 Cutaneous Viral Infections 2235 668.3 Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease 2276
668.4 Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis 2278
Chapter 658 Arthropod Bites and i
Infestations 2237 Chapter 669 The Spine 2280 \
George H. Thompson i
Chapter 659 Acne 2242
669.1 Idiopathic Scoliosis 2280 »
Chapter 660 Tumors of the Skin 2246 669.2 Congenital Scoliosis 2282
669.3 Neuromuscular Scoliosis, Genetic Syndromes, and
Chapter 661 Nutritional Dermatoses 2248 Compensatory Scoliosis 2283
Contents xlvii
669.4 Kyphosis (Round-Back) 2284 Chapter 677 Head and Neck Injuries 2313
669.5 Back Pain in Children 2285
669.6 Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis 2285 Chapter 678 Heat Injuries 2314
669.7 Disk Space Infection 2286 Chapter 679 Female Athletes: Menstrual Problems
669.8 Intervertebral Disk Herniation 2287
and the Risk for Osteopenia 2315
669.9 Tumors 2287
Chapter 680 ErgogenicAids 2316
Chapter 670 The Neck 2288
George H. Thompson Chapter 681 Specific Sports and Associated
670.1 Torticollis 2288 Injuries 2316
670.2 Klippel-Feil Syndrome 2289
670.3 Atlantoaxial Instability 2289 Section 3: The Skeletal Dysplasias 2320
Chapter 671 The Upper Limb 2290 Chapter 682 General Considerations 2320
George H. Thompson William A. Horton and Jacqueline T. Hecht
671.1 Sprengel Deformity 2290
671.2 Shoulder Dislocation 2290 Chapter 683 Disorders Involving Cartilage Matrix
671.3 Nursemaid's Elbow 2290 Proteins 2324
671.4 Panner Disease 2291 William A. Horton and Jacqueline T. Hecht
671.5 Ganglion 2291
671.6 Radial Clubhand 2291 Chapter 684 Disorders InvolvingTransmembrane
671.7 Polydactyly 2292 Receptors 2328
671.8 Syndactyly' 2292 William A. Horton and Jacqueline T. Hecht
671.9 Congenital Trigger Thumb and Finger 2292 Chapter 685 Disorders Involving lonTransporter 2330
Chapter 672 Arthrogryposis 2292 William A. Horton and Jacqueline T. Hecht
George H. Thompson
Chapter 686 Disorders InvolvingTranscription
672.1 Amyoplasia 2292
Factors 2332
Chapter 673 Common Fractures 2294 William A. Horton and Jacqueline T. Hecht
George H. Thompson
673.1 Pediatric Fracture Patterns 2294 Chapter 687 Disorders Involving Defective Bone
673.2 Clavicular Fractures 2295 Resorption 2333
673.3 Proximal Humerus Fractures 2295 William A. Horton and Jacqueline T. Hecht
672.4 Distal Humerus Fractures 2295 Chapter 688 Disorders for Which Defects Are Poorly
673.5 Distal Radius and Ulna Fractures 2296
Understood or Unknown 2334
673.6 Phalangeal Fractures 2296
William A. Horton and Jacqueline T. Hecht
673.7 Toddler Fracture 2296
673.8 Lateral Malleolar Fractures 2296 Chapter 689 Osteogenesis Imperfecta 2336
673.9 Metatarsal Fractures 2296 John C. Marini
673.10 Toe Phalangeal Fractures 2296
673.11 Operative Treatment 2297 Chapter 690 Marfan Syndrome 2338
Luther K. Robinson
Chapter 674 Osteomyelitis and Suppurative
Arthritis 2297 Section 4: Metabolic Bone Disease 2341
Richard M. Lampe Russell W. Chesney
Section 2: Sports Medicine 2302 Chapter 691 Bone Structure, Growth, and Hormonal
Albert C. Hergenroed'er and Joseph N. Chorley Regulation 2341
Chapter 675 Epidemiology and Chapter 692 Primary Chondrodystrophy
Prevention of Injuries 2302 (Metaphyseal Dysplasia) 2343
Chapter 676 Management of Musculoskeletal Chapter 693 Idiopathic Hypercalcemia 2343
Injury 2306
676.1 Growth Plate Injuries 2307 Chapter 694 Hypophosphatasia 2344
676.2 Shoulder Injuries 2308 Chapter 695 Hyperphosphatasia 2344
676.3 Elbow Injuries 2308
676.4 Back Injuries 2309 Chapter 696 Familial Hypophosphatemia
676.5 Hip and Pelvis Injuries 2310 (Vitamin D-Resistant Rickets, X-Linked *
676.6 Knee Injuries 2310 Hypophosphatemia) 2345 [
676.7 Shin Splints and Stress Fractures of the
Lower Leg 2312 Chapter 697 Vitamin D-Dependent Rickets \
676.8 Ankle Injuries 2312 (Pseudovitamin D Deficiency, Hypocalcemic
676.9 Foot Injuries 2313 Vitamin D-Resistant Rickets) 2346
xlviii Contents
Chapter 698 Oncogenous Rickets (Primary Chapter 705 Nonbacterial Food Poisoning 2375
Hypophosphatemic Rickets Associated with DeniseA. Salerno and Stephen C. Aronoff
Tumor) 2346 705.1 Mushroom Poisoning 2375
705.2 Solanine Poisoning 2376
Chapter 699 Osteoporosis 2347 705.3 Seafood Poisoning 2377
Chapter 706 Biologic and ChemicalTerrorism 2378
Theodore J. Cieslak and Fred M. Henretig
Part XXXII Environmental Health Chapter 707 Animal and Human Bites 2385
Hazards 2349 Charles M. Ginsburg
Chapter 708 Envenomations 2387

Chapter 700 Pediatric Radiation Injuries 2349 Steve Holve
Fred A. Mettler, Jr. and Madelyn M. Stazzone
Chapter 701 Chemical Pollutants 2353

Philip J. Landrigan and Joel A. Forman
Laboratory Medicine, Drug
Chapter 702 Heavy Metal Intoxication 2355 Therapy, and Reference
Collin S. Goto
Tables 2393
Chapter 703 Lead Poisoning 2358
Morri Markowitz Chapter 709 Laboratory Testing in Infants and
Chapter 704 Poisonings: Drugs, Chemicals, and Children 2393
Plants 2362 John F. Nicholson and Michael A. Pesce
George C. Rodgers, Jr. and Nancy J. Matyunas Chapter 710 Reference Ranges for Laboratory Tests
704.1 Epidemiology and Approach to
and Procedures 2396
Management 2362
John F. Nicholson and Michael A. Pesce
704.2 Acetaminophen 2366
704.3 Salicylates 2367 Chapter 711 Principles of DrugTherapy 2427
704.4 Ibuprofen 2368 Michael D. Reed and Peter Gal
704.5 Antidepressants 2368
704.6 Clonidine 2369 Chapter 712 Medications 2432
704.7 Calcium Channel Blockers 2370 Peter Gal and Michael D. Reed
704.8 Iron 2370
Chapter 713 Herbal Medicines 2502
704.9 Caustics 2371
Kathi J. Kemper and Paula Gardiner
704.10 Methanol and Ethylene Glycol 2371
704.11 Hydrocarbons 2372
704.12 Cholinesterase-Inhibiting Insecticides 2373
704.13 Toxic Gases 2374 Index 2507
704.14 Plants 2374

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Nelson T E X T B O O K OF

Chapter 18 Psychiatric Considerations of Central

Chapter 1 Overview of Pediatrics 1 Chapter 19 Psychosomatic Illness 72

Chapter 2 Ethics in Pediatric Care 6 Chapter 20 Vegetative Disorders 73

Chapter 22 Anxiety Disorders 81

Chapter 9 The Newborn 30 Chapter 24 Suicide and Attempted Suicide 86

Chapter 12 PreschoolYears 44 Chapter 26 Sexual Behavior and Its Variations 90

Chapter 15 Assessment of Growth 58 Chapter 27 Pervasive Developmental Disorders and

• 28.1 Illness and Death 95

Chapter 43 Obesity 173

Chapter 52 Pediatric Critical Care: Chapter 66 Pediatric Pain Management 358

Chapter 53 InterfacilityTransfer of the Critically III Part IX Human Genetics 367

Chapter 75 Defects in Metabolism of Lipids 433 Chapter 84 High-Risk Pregnancies 532

91.3 Jaundice and Hyperbilirubinemia in the Chapter 102 Suicide 648

Chapter 111 Chronic Fatigue Syndrome 677

Chapter 99 The Epidemiology of Adolescent

Chapter 113 T Lymphocytes, B Lymphocytes, and

Chapter 155 Sarcoidosis 822 Chapter 169 Group B Streptococcus 879

Chapter 156 Kawasaki Disease 823 Chapter 170 Non-GroupAor B

Chapter 182 Shigella 919 Chapter 197 Tuberculosis (Mycobacterium

Chapter 186 Yersinia 929 Section 6: Spirochetal Infections 978

210.2 Mediterranean Spotted Fever or Boutonneuse Chapter 227 Mumps 1035

Section 10: Mycotic Infections 1011 Chapter 232 Varicella-ZosterVirus 1057

Chapter 250 Hantaviruses 1100 Section 13: Helminthic Diseases 1155

Chapter 252 Polyomaviruses 1105 Chapter 269 Hookworms (Ancylostoma and

Chapter 255 HumanT-Cell LymphotropicViruses Chapter 272 Strongyloidiasis (Strongyloides

Cl Chapter 259 Spore-Forming Intestinal Chapter 277 Schistosomiasis (Schistosoma) 1161

Section 1: Clinical Manifestations of Gastrointestinal Chapter 306 Esophageal Perforation 1225

314.3 Intussusception 1242 325.5 Rectal Prolapse 1289

Chapter 351 Ascites 1351 Chapter 363 Nasal Polyps 1388

Chapter 396 Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis 1453

Chapter 447 Iron-Deficiency Anemia 1614 Section 6: Risks of Blood Component

Chapter 465 Fresh Frozen Plasma Section 8: The Spleen 1675

Chapter 493 Neoplasms of Bone 1717 Chapter 507 Henoch-Schonlein Purpura

Section 4: Tubular Disorders 1758 Chapter 535 Voiding Dysfunction 1808

Chapter 599 Developmental Disorders of

Chapter 603 Disorders of Neuromuscular Chapter 623 Childhood Glaucoma 2122

Chapter 633 Tumors of the Ear andTemporal

Chapter 663 Evaluation of the Child 2251

Chapter 708 Envenomations 2387

Chapter 701 Chemical Pollutants 2353

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