‫ ﻣﺤﺎﻛﺎة وﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ ﻣﻜﺜﻒ ذي أﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ ﻣﺰﻋﻨﻔﺔ ﻣﺒﺮد ﺑﺎﻟﮭﻮاء ﯾ ُﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺘﺜﻠﯿﺞ اﻻﻣﺘﺼﺎﺻﯿﺔ‬:‫أﻟﺨﯿﺎط‬

‫ﻣﺤﺎﻛﺎة وﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ ﻣﻜﺜﻒ ذي أﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ ﻣﺰﻋﻨﻔﺔ ﻣﺒﺮد ﺑﺎﻟﮭﻮاء ﯾُﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺘﺜﻠﯿﺞ‬
‫اﻻﻣﺘﺼﺎﺻﯿﺔ‬
‫ ﻣﺎﺟﺴﺘﯿﺮ ھﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﻣﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬/
‫ﻓﺮاس ﺻﻼح ﯾﺤﯿﻰ اﻟﺨﯿﺎط‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻞ‬/‫ﻛﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺰراﻋﺔ واﻟﻐﺎﺑﺎت‬/‫ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﺋﻦ واﻵﻻت اﻟﺰراﻋﯿﺔ‬

‫اﻟﺨﻼﺻﺔ‬
،‫ﺗﻘﻠﻞ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺘﺜﻠﯿﺞ اﻻﻣﺘﺼﺎﺻﯿﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﻠﻜﺔ ﻗﯿﺎﺳﺎ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺜﯿﻼﺗﮭﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺘﺜﻠﯿﺞ اﻻﻧﻀﻐﺎطﯿﺔ‬
‫ﺣﯿﺚ ﺗﺤﺘﺎج أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﺜﻠﯿﺞ اﻻﻣﺘﺼﺎﺻﯿﺔ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارﯾﺔ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﮭﺎ واﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻮﻓﯿﺮھﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺎدر ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ وﺑﺪﯾﻠﺔ ﻛﺎﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬
‫ وﻋﻠﯿﮫ ﻓﻼ ﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام أﻧﻈﻤﺔ‬.‫ اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﻀﺎﺋﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺎت اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﯿﺔ او ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺎدر اﺧﺮى‬،‫اﻟﺸﻤﺴﯿﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺜﻠﯿﺞ اﻻﻣﺘﺼﺎﺻﯿﺔ اﻟﺼﻐﯿﺮة ﻻﻏﺮاض ﺗﻜﯿﯿﻒ اﻟﮭﻮاء ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺎزل او اﻻﺑﻨﯿﺔ اﻟﺼﻐﯿﺮة واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻣﻜﺜﻔﺎت ﻣﺒﺮدة ﺑﺎﻟﮭﻮاء ﺑﺪل‬
‫ ﻟﮭﺬا ﺗﻢ ﻓﻲ ھﺬا اﻟﺒﺤﺚ طﺮح ﻧﻤﻮذج ﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ ﻣﺒﺮد ﺑﺎﻟﮭﻮاء ﯾﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ اﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ‬،‫اﻟﻤﺎء وذﻟﻚ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﻐﻨﺎء ﻋﻦ ﺑﺮج اﻟﺘﺒﺮﯾﺪ‬
‫ ﺳﯿﺘﻢ دراﺳﺔ ھﺬا اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺤﺎﻛﺎﺗﮫ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل‬.‫اﺳﻄﻮاﻧﯿﺔ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺜﻠﺜﻲ وﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ زﻋﺎﻧﻒ ﻗﻄﺮﯾﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻄﯿﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ‬
‫ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﺑﯿﻦ‬،‫ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت اﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻟﺤﺮارة وﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﻤﺆﺛﺮة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻداء ﻣﻦ ﺣﯿﺚ ﻋﺪد اﻻﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ واﺑﻌﺎدھﺎ‬
‫ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺗﻢ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﻞ ﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻻت‬.‫ درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة ھﻮاء اﻟﺘﺒﺮﯾﺪ ودرﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ‬،‫ ﻋﺪد اﻟﺰﻋﺎﻧﻒ‬،‫اﻻﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ طﻮﻟﯿﺎ وﻋﺮﺿﯿﺎ‬
‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻤﯿﺔ ﻟﻜﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﻤﻄﺮوﺣﺔ اﻟﻰ اﻟﺠﻮ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺜﻒ اﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮح اﻟﺬي ﯾﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﮫ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺘﺜﻠﯿﺞ اﻻﻣﺘﺼﺎﺻﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ‬
.(‫ﻣﺎء‬-‫ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺑـ )ﻣﺎء – ﻟﯿﺜﯿﻮم ﺑﺮوﻣﺎﯾﺪ( او)اﻣﻮﻧﯿﺎ‬
‫ اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ اﻟﻤﺰﻋﻨﻒ‬،‫ ﻣﺤﺎﻛﺎة‬،‫ اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ اﻟﻤﺒﺮد ﺑﺎﻟﮭﻮاء‬،‫ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﺘﺜﻠﯿﺞ اﻻﻣﺘﺼﺎﺻﯿﺔ‬:‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎﺣﯿﺔ‬

Simulation and Design of a Finned tube air cooled condenser used in

absorption refrigeration systems
Firas Salah Yahia Al-Khayatt
Dept. of Agricultural Machines and Equipment/College of Agr. and forestry/Mosul University

Abstract
Absorption refrigeration systems(ARS) reduce the consumed energy comparing with
the compression refrigeration systems. The (ARS) need the thermal energy for its work which
can be provided from alternate and different sources such as solar energy, waste heat from
industrial processes or from other resources. So one must focus on the small (ARS) for the
purposes of air conditioning for houses and small buildings which use air-cooled condensers
instead of water cooled condensers to eliminating the cooling tower. Thus, in this study a new
model of an air cooled condenser is suggested which consisting of cylindrical tubes in
staggered triangular arrangement with radial fins of rectangular profile. In this study, a model
is proposed using the equations of heat transfer and considering factors affecting the
performance of the condenser such as number and dimension of tubes, transverse and
longitudinal distances between tubes, number of fins, temperature of cooling air and
temperature of the condenser. Also the study will include the design correlations for the
amount of rejected heat from a condenser to an atmosphere. This model can be used in (ARS)
working with (Water-Lithium Bromide) or (Ammonia-Water).

8 -5 -2011 :‫ﻗﺒل‬ 11 -1-2011 :‫ﺃﺴﺘﻠﻡ‬

89
‫‪Al-Rafidain Engineering‬‬ ‫‪Vol.19‬‬ ‫‪No.4‬‬ ‫‪August 2011‬‬

‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ اﻟﺮﻣﻮز‬
‫اﻟﺮﻣﻮز اﻟﺴﻔﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻣﻮز اﻟﺪﻟﯿﻠﯿﺔ‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫ھﻮاء‬ ‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪m‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬
‫زﻋﺎﻧﻒ اﻻﻧﺒﻮب اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ‬ ‫‪af‬‬ ‫‪mm‬‬ ‫طﻮل اﻟﺰﻋﻨﻔﺔ‬ ‫‪b‬‬
‫اﻟﺠﻮ)اﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﯿﻄﺔ(‬ ‫‪amb‬‬ ‫‪kJ/kg.K‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارﯾﺔ اﻟﻨﻮﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫‪Cp‬‬
‫ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺰﻋﺎﻧﻒ‬ ‫‪BF‬‬ ‫ـــ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻌﺮﻓﮫ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪(20‬‬ ‫‪Ch‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺰﻋﻨﻔﺔ‬ ‫‪b‬‬ ‫‪m‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻄﺮ‬ ‫‪D‬‬
‫ﻣﻜﺜﻒ‬ ‫‪c‬‬ ‫ـــ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﯿﺢ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎدل اﻟﺤﺮاري‬ ‫‪F‬‬
‫ﻗﯿﻤﺔ ﻣﻤﯿﺰة‬ ‫‪ch‬‬ ‫ـــ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻌﺮﻓﮫ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪(15‬‬ ‫‪f‬‬
‫ﻗﻄﺮي‬ ‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪kg/m2.s‬‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ‬ ‫‪G‬‬
‫زﻋﻨﻔﺔ‬ ‫‪f‬‬ ‫‪m/s2‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺠﯿﻞ اﻻرﺿﻲ‬ ‫‪g‬‬
‫اﻻﺗﺴﺎخ اﻟﺴﻄﺤﻲ ﻟﻼﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ‬ ‫‪fou.‬‬ ‫‪W/m2.K‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻟﺤﺮارة‬ ‫‪h‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺤﺮة ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫‪h fg‬‬
‫‪fs‬‬ ‫‪kJ/kg‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮى اﻟﺤﺮاري اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺰﻋﺎﻧﻒ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻮع اﻻول ﻟﺪاﻟﺔ ﺑﯿﺰل)‪(Bessel‬‬ ‫‪I‬‬
‫ھﯿﺪروﻟﯿﻜﻲ‬ ‫‪h‬‬ ‫ـــ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻟﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻮع اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻟﺪاﻟﺔ ﺑﯿﺰل)‪(Bessel‬‬ ‫‪K‬‬
‫داﺧﻠﻲ‬ ‫‪i‬‬ ‫ـــ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻟﺔ‬
‫اﻟﮭﻮاء اﻟﺪاﺧﻞ‬ ‫‪ia‬‬ ‫‪W/m.K‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺻﯿﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارﯾﺔ‬ ‫‪k‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﻄﺢ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ‬ ‫‪is‬‬ ‫‪m‬‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻮل‬ ‫‪L‬‬
‫طﻮل اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺴﻄﺤﯿﺔ اﻟﺤﺮة‬ ‫‪l‬‬
‫طﻮﻟﻲ‬ ‫‪L‬‬ ‫‪m‬‬
‫ﻟﻼﻧﺒﻮب‬
‫ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ‬ ‫‪o‬‬ ‫‪kg/s‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺪل ﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ‬ ‫‪m‬‬
‫اﻟﮭﻮاء اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ‬ ‫‪oa‬‬ ‫ـــ‬ ‫ﻋﺪد اﻻﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ او اﻟﺰﻋﺎﻧﻒ‬ ‫‪N‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﺘﺒﺮﯾﺪ‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪1/m‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪد اﻟﺰﻋﺎﻧﻒ ﻟﻜﻞ وﺣﺪة طﻮل‬ ‫‪n‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﺘﺒﺮﯾﺪ ﺑﺤﺎﻟﺘﮫ اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬ ‫‪R. l‬‬ ‫‪kW‬‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮارة‬ ‫‪Q‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﺘﺒﺮﯾﺪ ﺑﺤﺎﻟﺘﮫ اﻟﻐﺎزﯾﺔ‬ ‫‪R.v‬‬ ‫‪m.K/W‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارﯾﺔ‬ ‫‪R‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻄﺮوﺣﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺠﻮ‬ ‫‪rej‬‬ ‫‪m‬‬ ‫ﻧﺼﻒ اﻟﻘﻄﺮ‬ ‫‪r‬‬
‫‪o‬‬ ‫‪T‬‬
‫اﻧﺒﻮب‬ ‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬ ‫درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺮض‬ ‫‪tr‬‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫‪C‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﻟﻔﺮق ﻓﻲ درﺟﺎت اﻟﺤﺮارة‬ ‫‪DTm‬‬
‫اﻟﻠﻮﻏﺎرﺗﻤﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺔ داﻟﺔ ﺑﯿﺰل اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻟﺔ‬ ‫‪1, 0‬‬ ‫‪W/m2.K‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻻﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫‪U‬‬
‫‪mm‬‬ ‫ﻋﺮض اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ‬ ‫‪W‬‬
‫‪mm‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫‪X‬‬
‫طﻮل اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻋﺪد اﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ‬ ‫‪x , y, z‬‬
‫‪mm‬‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬
‫ـــ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻌﺮﻓﮫ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪(18‬‬ ‫‪Z‬‬
‫‪mm‬‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻚ اﻟﺰﻋﻨﻔﺔ‬ ‫‪d‬‬
‫‪N.s/m2‬‬ ‫اﻟﻠﺰوﺟﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫‪m‬‬
‫‪kg/m3‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫‪r‬‬

‫‪90‬‬
 ‫أﻟﺨﯿﺎط‪ :‬ﻣﺤﺎﻛﺎة وﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ ﻣﻜﺜﻒ ذي أﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ ﻣﺰﻋﻨﻔﺔ ﻣﺒﺮد ﺑﺎﻟﮭﻮاء ﯾ ُﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺘﺜﻠﯿﺞ اﻻﻣﺘﺼﺎﺻﯿﺔ‬

‫اﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻤﻞ أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﺜﻠﯿﺞ اﻻﻣﺘﺼﺎﺻﯿﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارﯾﺔ واﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼ ﺎدر ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔ ﺔ ﻛﺤ ﺮق اﻟﻮﻗ ﻮد‬
‫اﻟﺘﻘﻠﯿﺪي‪ ،‬اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺸﻤﺴﯿﺔ‪ ،‬اﻟﻄﺎﻗ ﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارﯾ ﺔ اﻟﻀ ﺎﺋﻌﺔ ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿ ﺎت اﻟﺼ ﻨﺎﻋﯿﺔ‪ ،‬اﻟﻄﺎﻗ ﺔ ﻣ ﻦ ﻋ ﻮادم اﻟﻤﺤﺮﻛ ﺎت او اﻟﺘﻮرﺑﯿﻨ ﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻐﺎزﯾﺔ وﻏﯿﺮھﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺎدر اﻟﺤﺮارﯾﺔ‪ .‬إن إﻧﺸ ﺎء أﻧﻈﻤ ﺔ اﻟﺘﻜﯿﯿ ﻒ اﻻﻣﺘﺼﺎﺻ ﯿﺔ اﻟﺼ ﻐﯿﺮة ﻟﻠﻤﻨ ﺎزل واﻟﻤﻜﺎﺗ ﺐ وﺟﻌﻠﮭ ﺎ ﺗﻌﻤ ﻞ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺼﺎدر ﺑﺪﯾﻠﺔ ﻛﺎﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺸﻤﺴﯿﺔ ﻣﺜﻼ ﯾﺴﮭﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻘﻠﯿﻞ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﯿﺮة اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻟﺘﺪوﯾﺮ ﺿ ﺎﻏﻄﺎت اﻧﻈﻤ ﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺜﻠ ﯿﺞ اﻻﻧﻀ ﻐﺎطﯿﺔ ﻣ ﻦ ﺟﮭ ﺔ‪ ،‬وﯾﻘﻠ ﻞ ﻣ ﻦ ظ ﺎھﺮة اﻻﺣﺘﺒ ﺎس اﻟﺤ ﺮاري ﻟ ﻼرض ﻣ ﻦ ﺟﮭ ﺔ أﺧ ﺮى‪ .‬إن ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣ ﺎت اﻟﺘﻜﯿﯿ ﻒ‬
‫اﻟﺼ ﻐﯿﺮة ﺳ ﻮاء ﻛﺎﻧ ﺖ اﻧﻀ ﻐﺎطﯿﺔ ام اﻣﺘﺼﺎﺻ ﯿﺔ ﻣ ﻦ اﻻﻓﻀ ﻞ أن ﯾﺒ ﺮد اﻟﻤﻜﺜ ﻒ ﻓﯿﮭ ﺎ ﺑ ﺎﻟﮭﻮاء ﺑ ﺪل اﻟﻤ ﺎء وذﻟ ﻚ ﻟﺘﻘﯿ ﻞ ﺣﺠ ﻢ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺘﻐﻨﺎء ﻋﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺑﺮج اﻟﺘﺒﺮﯾﺪ وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺗﻘﻞ اﻟﻜﻠﻔﺔ‪.‬‬

‫رﻛﺰت ﻛﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺘﺜﻠ ﯿﺞ اﻻﻣﺘﺼﺎﺻ ﯿﺔ اﻟﺘ ﻲ ﺗﺴ ﺘﺨﺪم ﻣﻜﺜﻔ ﺎت ﻣﺒ ﺮدة ﺑﺎﻟﻤ ﺎء ﻛﻤ ﺎ ﺟ ﺎء ﻓ ﻲ‬
‫دراﺳﺔ ]‪ [1‬ﻟﻤﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ ﺗﺜﻠﯿﺞ اﻣﺘﺼﺎﺻﯿﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎ ﻣﺰودة ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارﯾﺔ ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﻄﺎﻗ ﺔ اﻟﺸﻤﺴ ﯿﺔ وﻛﺎﻧ ﺖ اﻟﺪراﺳ ﺔ ﻟﻤﻨﻈﻮﻣ ﺔ ﻣﻨﺸ ﺄة‬
‫ﻓ ﻲ اﺷ ﺒﯿﻠﯿﺔ‪/‬اﺳ ﺒﺎﻧﯿﺎ‪ ،‬ﺣﯿ ﺚ اﺳ ﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤ ﺎء‪ -‬ﻟﯿﺜﯿ ﻮم ﺑﺮوﻣﺎﯾ ﺪ ﻛﻤ ﺎﺋﻊ ﺗﺜﻠ ﯿﺞ وﻛﺎﻧ ﺖ ﺳ ﻌﺔ اﻟﺘﺒﺮﯾ ﺪ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻈﻮﻣ ﺔ ھ ﻲ ‪ 174‬ﻛﯿﻠ ﻮواط‬
‫واﺳﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﯿﮭﺎ ﻣﻜﺜﻒ ﻣﺒﺮد ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎء‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ وﺿﻊ ]‪ [2‬ﻧﻤﻮذج رﯾﺎﺿﻲ ﻟﻤﻨﻈﻮﻣ ﺔ اﻣﺘﺼﺎﺻ ﯿﺔ اﺣﺎدﯾ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠ ﺔ ﻟﺘﺨﻤ ﯿﻦ اداءھ ﺎ ﻣ ﻦ‬
‫ﺧﻼل ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮب ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮا أن اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ ﻣﺒﺮدا ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎء واﺳﺘﺨﺪم ﻣﻮاﺋﻊ اﻟﻌﻤ ﻞ اﻟﺘﻘﻠﯿﺪﯾ ﺔ وﺑﻌ ﺾ اﻟﺒ ﺪاﺋﻞ‪ ،‬وﻗ ﺪ ﻗ ﺎم اﯾﻀ ﺎ‬
‫]‪ [3‬ﺑﻤﺤﺎﻛﺎة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮب ﻟﻤﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ ﺗﺜﻠﯿﺞ اﻣﺘﺼﺎﺻﯿﺔ ﺗﺒﺮد اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﻤﺎص واﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎء واﺧﺘﺒﺮ اداء اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻮﻣ ﺔ ﺑﺎﺳ ﺘﺨﺪام‬
‫ﻣ ﺎﺋﻌﯿﻦ ﻟﻠﻌﻤ ﻞ ﻣ ﺎء – ﻟﯿﺜﯿ ﻮم ﺑﺮوﻣﺎﯾ ﺪ واﻣﻮﻧﯿ ﺎ‪ -‬ﻣ ﺎء‪ ،‬وﺗ ﻢ ﻣﺤﺎﻛ ﺎة ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣ ﺔ ﺗﺜﻠ ﯿﺞ اﻣﺘﺼﺎﺻ ﯿﺔ ﺑﺴ ﯿﻄﺔ]‪ [4‬وﻛ ﺎن ﻣ ﺎﺋﻊ اﻟﻌﻤ ﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻣﺎء – ﻟﯿﺜﯿﻮم ﺑﺮوﻣﺎﯾﺪ وﺗﻢ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪا ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﯿ ﻞ اﻟﺜﺮﻣﻮدﯾﻨ ﺎﻣﯿﻜﻲ واﻋﺘﺒ ﺮ أن اﻟﻤﻜﺜ ﻒ ﻣﺒ ﺮد ﺑﺎﻟﻤ ﺎء‪،‬‬
‫اﻣﺎ ]‪ [5‬ﻓﻘﺎم ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺸ ﻒ ﻋ ﻦ اداء ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣ ﺔ ﺗﺜﻠ ﯿﺞ اﻣﺘﺼﺎﺻ ﯿﺔ ﺗﺴ ﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﺤ ﺮارة اﻟﻤﻌ ﺎدة ﻣ ﻦ ﻋ ﺎدم ﻣﺤﻄ ﺔ ﻗ ﺪرة ﺗﻌﻤ ﻞ ﺑ ﺎﻟﺘﻮرﺑﯿﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻐﺎزي وﻛﺎن اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻣﺒﺮد ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎء‪ .‬ﻗﺪم ]‪ [6‬دراﺳﺔ ﻧﻈﺮﯾﺔ ﻟﻤﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ ﺗﺜﻠﯿﺞ اﻣﺘﺼﺎﺻﯿﺔ ﻣ ﺰودة ﺑ ﺎﻟﺤﺮارة ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﻄﺎﻗ ﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺸﻤﺴﯿﺔ واﺳﺘﻌﻤﻞ اﻻﻣﻮﻧﯿﺎ – اﻟﻤﺎء ﻛﻤﺎﺋﻊ ﻋﻤﻞ واﻋﺘﻤﺪ ﻓﻲ ھﺬه اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻟﺜﺮﻣﻮدﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﻜﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ وﻗﺎم ]‪ [7‬ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺤﺜﮫ ﺑﻌﺮض ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﻘﺪم اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻠﻮﺟﻲ ﻻﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﺜﻠ ﯿﺞ اﻻﻣﺘﺼﺎﺻ ﯿﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠ ﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻗ ﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارﯾ ﺔ اﻟﻤﻤﺘﺼ ﺔ ﻣ ﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﺣﯿﺚ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺟﻤﯿﻊ اﻻﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﻮاردة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻣﻜﺜﻔﺎت ﻣﺒﺮدة ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎء وﺗﺤﺘﺎج ﻓﯿﮭﺎ اﻟﻰ اﺑﺮاج ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ھﻨﺎك اﻟﻌﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت ﺣﻮل اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ اﻟﻤﺒﺮد ﺑﺎﻟﮭﻮاء اﻟﺬي ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺘﺒﺮﯾﺪ اﻻﻧﻀ ﻐﺎطﯿﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤ ﺎ ﺟ ﺎء‬
‫ﻓﻲ دراﺳﺔ ]‪ [8‬ﺣﯿﺚ وﺿﻊ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻤﻲ ﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ ذو اﻧﺎﺑﯿ ﺐ ﻣﺰﻋﻨﻔ ﺔ ﯾﺴ ﺘﺨﺪم ﻓ ﻲ ﻣﻜﯿﻔ ﺎت اﻟﮭ ﻮاء اﻻﻧﻀ ﻐﺎطﯿﺔ اﻟﺘ ﻲ ﺗﻌﻤ ﻞ‬
‫ﺑﻤﺎﺋﻊ ‪ ،R22‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎم ]‪ [9‬ﺑﺪراﺳﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ ﻣﺒ ﺮد ﺑ ﺎﻟﮭﻮاء ﯾﻌﻤ ﻞ ﺑﻤ ﺎﺋﻊ ﺗﺜﻠ ﯿﺞ )‪ (R407C‬ﯾﺴ ﺘﺨﺪم ﻓ ﻲ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣ ﺎت اﻟﺘﺜﻠ ﯿﺞ‬
‫اﻻﻧﻀﻐﺎطﯿﺔ‪ .‬وﺑﻨﺎ ًء ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﻓﺎن ﻣﻌﻈﻢ أﻧﻈﻤ ﺔ اﻟﺘﺜﻠ ﯿﺞ اﻻﻣﺘﺼﺎﺻ ﯿﺔ ﻛﺒﯿ ﺮة اﻟﺤﺠ ﻢ وﺗﺴ ﺘﺨﺪم ﻣﻜﺜﻔ ﺎت ﻣﺒ ﺮدة ﺑﺎﻟﻤ ﺎء‪ ،‬وان‬
‫اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻔ ﺎت اﻟﻤﺒ ﺮدة ﺑ ﺎﻟﮭﻮاء اﻟﺘ ﻲ ﺗﺴ ﺘﺨﺪم ﻓ ﻲ اﻧﻈﻤ ﺔ اﻟﺘﺜﻠ ﯿﺞ اﻻﻧﻀ ﻐﺎطﯿﺔ ﯾﺘ ﺪﻓﻖ ﻓﯿﮭ ﺎ ﻣ ﺎﺋﻊ اﻟﺘﺜﻠ ﯿﺞ ﺑﺘ ﺪﻓﻖ ﻗﺴ ﺮي ﻧﺘﯿﺠ ﺔ ﻟ ﺪﻓﻊ‬
‫اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ اﻟﺬي ﯾﻨﻌﺪم وﺟﻮده ﻓﻲ اﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﺜﻠﯿﺞ اﻻﻣﺘﺼﺎﺻﯿﺔ‪ .‬ﻟﮭﺬا ﺳ ﯿﺘﻢ ﻓ ﻲ ھ ﺬه اﻟﺪراﺳ ﺔ اﻗﺘ ﺮاح وﻣﺤﺎﻛ ﺎة واﻟﻜﺸ ﻒ ﻋ ﻦ اداء‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮذج ﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ ﻣﺒﺮد ﺑﺎﻟﮭﻮاء ﯾﻤﻜﻦ أن ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﺘﺜﻠﯿﺞ اﻻﻣﺘﺼﺎﺻﯿﺔ ذات اﻟﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺘﺒﺮﯾﺪ اﻟﺼﻐﯿﺮة واﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻣﻮﻧﯿﺎ‪-‬‬
‫ﻣﺎء او ﻣﺎء – ﻟﯿﺜﯿﻮم ﺑﺮوﻣﺎﯾﺪ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﺼﻔﺎت اﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮﺣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺜﻒ‬

‫ﯾﺒ ﺮد اﻟﻤﻜﺜ ﻒ اﻟﻤﻘﺘ ﺮح ﺑ ﺎﻟﮭﻮاء وﯾﺘﻜ ﻮن ﻣ ﻦ اﻧﺎﺑﯿ ﺐ اﺳ ﻄﻮاﻧﯿﺔ ﻣﻮﺿ ﻮﻋﺔ ﺷ ﺎﻗﻮﻟﯿﺎ وﻣﺮﺗﺒ ﺔ ﺑﺸ ﻜﻞ ﻣﺜﻠﺜ ﻲ وﻣﺰﻋﻨﻔ ﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺰﻋﺎﻧﻒ ﺣﻠﻘﯿﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻄﯿﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ وﻛﻤﺎ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ)‪ ،(1‬ﻓﯿﺪﺧﻞ ﺑﺨﺎر ﻣﺎﺋﻊ اﻟﺘﺜﻠﯿﺞ ﻣ ﻦ اﻻﻋﻠ ﻰ ﻟﯿﺘﻜﺜ ﻒ داﺧ ﻞ ھ ﺬه اﻻﻧﺎﺑﯿ ﺐ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺒﺮدة ﺑﺎﻟﮭﻮاء ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺎرج ﺛﻢ ﯾﺨﺮج ﻣ ﻦ اﺳ ﻔﻞ اﻟﻤﻜﺜ ﻒ ﻣﺎﺋﻊ اﻟﺘﺜﻠ ﯿﺞ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺷ ﻜﻞ ﺳﺎﺋﻞ‪ .‬ﯾﺴ ﺘﺨﺪم ھ ﺬا اﻟﻤﻜﺜ ﻒ ﻓ ﻲ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣ ﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺘﺜﻠﯿﺞ اﻻﻣﺘﺼﺎﺻﯿﺔ ﺣﯿ ﺚ ﯾ ﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﺒﺨ ﺎر اﻟﺨ ﺎرج ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﻤﻮﻟ ﺪ ﺑﺪرﺟ ﺔ ﺣ ﺮارة اﻟﺘﺸ ﺒﻊ وﺑﮭ ﺬا ﺗﺘ ﺄﻟﻒ ﻋﻤﻠﯿ ﺔ اﻟﺘﻜﺜﯿ ﻒ ﻣ ﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠ ﺔ‬
‫واﺣ ﺪة ھ ﻲ اﻟﺘﻜﺜﯿ ﻒ ﻓﻘ ﻂ )‪ (Condensation‬دون وﺟ ﻮد ازاﻟ ﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻤ ﯿﺺ )‪ (Desuperheating‬او ﻓ ﺮط اﻟﺘﺒﺮﯾ ﺪ ) ‪Sub‬‬
‫‪ (cooling‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ اﻟﻤﺒﺮد ﺑﺎﻟﮭﻮاء ﻟﻤﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﺘﺜﻠﯿﺞ اﻻﻧﻀﻐﺎطﯿﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀﻼ ﻋﻦ ذﻟﻚ ﻓﺎن ﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﺒﺨﺎر إﻟ ﻰ داﺧ ﻞ اﻟﻤﻜﺜ ﻒ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮح ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﺳﯿﻜﻮن ﻛﺠﺮﯾﺎن ﻏﯿﺮ ﻓﻌﺎل )‪ (Passive flow‬وذﻟﻚ ﻻن ﻋﻤﻠﯿ ﺔ اﻟﺘﻜﺜﯿ ﻒ داﺧ ﻞ اﻟﻤﻜﺜ ﻒ ﺗﺨﻠﺨ ﻞ اﻟﻀ ﻐﻂ‬
‫ﻓﯿ ﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﻧﻮﻋ ﺎ ﻣ ﺎ ﻟﯿﺘ ﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﺒﺨ ﺎر ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﻤﻮﻟ ﺪ إﻟ ﻰ اﻟﻤﻜﺜ ﻒ وﺑﮭ ﺬا ﺳ ﻮف ﻻ ﯾﻜ ﻮن ھﻨ ﺎك ﺗ ﺪﻓﻖ ﻗﺴ ﺮي)‪ (Active flow‬ﻟﻤ ﺎﺋﻊ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺜﻠﯿﺞ ﻛﻤﺎ ﯾﺤﺪث ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ اﻟﻤﺒ ﺮد ﺑ ﺎﻟﮭﻮاء ﻟﻤﻨﻈﻮﻣ ﺔ اﻟﺘﺜﻠ ﯿﺞ اﻻﻧﻀ ﻐﺎطﯿﺔ اﻟﺘ ﻲ ﺗﺤﺘ ﻮي ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺿ ﺎﻏﻂ ﯾﺤ ﺮك ﻣ ﺎﺋﻊ اﻟﺘﺜﻠ ﯿﺞ‪،‬‬
‫وھﺬا ﻣﺎ ﯾﻤﯿﺰ اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ اﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮح‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻢ اﺧﺘﯿﺎر ﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ اﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮح ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﯾﺆھﻠﮭﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻔﯿﺬ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻈﻮﻣﺎت اﻻﻣﺘﺼﺎﺻﯿﺔ ذات ﺳﻌﺔ ﺗﺜﻠﯿﺞ ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ‪،‬‬
‫وﺑﻨﻤﻮذﺟﯿﻦ اﻻول ﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﺎء ھﻮ ﻣﺎﺋﻊ اﻟﺘﺜﻠﯿﺞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺑـ )ﻣﺎء – ﻟﯿﺜﯿﻮم ﺑﺮوﻣﺎﯾﺪ(‪ ،‬واﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﯾﻜﻮن اﻻﻣﻮﻧﯿﺎ ﻓﯿﮫ‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎﺋﻊ ﺗﺜﻠﯿﺞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ اﻻﻣﺘﺼﺎﺻﯿﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺑـ )اﻣﻮﻧﯿﺎ ‪ -‬ﻣﺎء(‪ ،‬ﺣﯿﺚ ﯾﺘﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻓﻲ ھﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع اﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ ﺣﺪﯾﺪﯾﺔ وﻟﯿﺴﺖ‬
‫ﻧﺤﺎﺳﯿﺔ ﻻن اﻻﻣﻮﻧﯿﺎ ﺷﺪﯾﺪة اﻟﺘﺄﻛﻞ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻨﺤﺎس‪ ،‬واﻟﺠﺪول )‪ (1‬ﯾﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﺼﻔﺎت اﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮﺣﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻤﻮذﺟﯿﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ اﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮح‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪Al-Rafidain Engineering‬‬ ‫‪Vol.19‬‬ ‫‪No.4‬‬ ‫‪August 2011‬‬

‫ﺑﺨﺎر ﻣﺎﺋﻊ اﻟﺘﺜﻠﯿﺞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪ‬

‫‪Xd‬‬

‫‪Do‬‬
‫‪Xtr‬‬
‫ھﻮاء اﻟﺘﺒﺮﯾﺪ‬

‫‪Df‬‬

‫‪XL‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﺎﺋﻊ اﻟﺘﺜﻠﯿﺞ اﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺒﺨﺮ‬

‫‪ -‬ب‪-‬‬ ‫‪ -‬أ‪-‬‬
‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ (1‬أ‪ -‬ﯾﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ اﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮح اﻟﻤﺒﺮد ﺑﺎﻟﮭﻮاء‪ .‬ب – ﯾﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﺘﺮﺗﯿﺐ اﻟﻤﺜﻠﺜﻲ ﻟﻼﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ‬
‫ﺟﺪول )‪ (1‬ﺻﻔﺎت ﻧﻤﻮذﺟﯿﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ اﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮح‬
‫‪Di‬‬ ‫‪Do‬‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺋﻊ‬
‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪b‬‬ ‫‪ kt‬ﻧﻮع ﻣﺎدة‬
‫‪kf‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎدة‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺜﻠﯿﺞ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬
‫)‪(mm‬‬ ‫)‪(mm‬‬ ‫)‪ [11] (mm) (mm‬اﻟﺰﻋﺎﻧﻒ‬
‫]‪[10‬‬ ‫]‪[10‬‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺒﻮب‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ‬
‫‪0.5‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪ 372‬أﻟﻮﻣﻨﯿﻮم ‪237‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﺎس ‪22.22‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎء‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮذج)‪(1‬‬
‫‪0.5‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪ 61‬أﻟﻮﻣﻨﯿﻮم ‪237‬‬ ‫‪20.9‬‬ ‫‪26.7‬‬ ‫ﺣﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫اﻣﻮﻧﯿﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮذج)‪(2‬‬

‫اﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺣﯿﺚ اﺑﻌﺎد اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ ﻓﺘﻜﻮن ﺣﺴﺐ طﻮل اﻻﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ اﻟﻤﺴ ﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ھ ﺬا ﻣ ﺎ ﯾﺨ ﺺ اﻻرﺗﻔ ﺎع اﻣ ﺎ اﻟﻄ ﻮل واﻟﻌ ﺮض‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺜﻒ ﻓﯿﺤﺪدھﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ اﻻﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ وﻋﺪد اﻟﺼﻔﻮف وﻋﺪد اﻻﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ واﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻄﻮﻟﯿﺔ واﻟﻌﺮﺿ ﯿﺔ ﺑ ﯿﻦ اﻻﻧﺎﺑﯿ ﺐ ‪ ،‬ﺣﯿ ﺚ‬
‫ﺳﯿﺘﻢ اﻗﺘﺮاح ﺛﻼث ﺻﻔﻮف ﻷﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ اﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮح‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج اﻟﺮﯾﺎﺿﻲ وﻣﺤﺎﻛﺎة اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ اﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮح‬

‫ﯾ ﺘﻢ اﻟ ﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﺤ ﺮارة ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻤﻜﺜ ﻒ ﻓﯿﺘﺤ ﻮل اﻟﺒﺨ ﺎر اﻟ ﻰ ﺳ ﺎﺋﻞ ‪ ،‬ﺣﯿ ﺚ أن ﻋﻤﻠﯿ ﺔ اﻧﺘﻘ ﺎل اﻟﺤ ﺮارة ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻤﻜﺜ ﻒ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮح ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ اﻻﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ اﻟﺸﺎﻗﻮﻟﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺰﻋﻨﻔﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺠﺰء ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤ ﺮارة اﻟﻜﻠﯿ ﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﻘﻠ ﺔ ﺗﻜ ﻮن ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﻤﺴ ﺎﺣﺎت اﻟﺤ ﺮة ﻟﻼﻧﺎﺑﯿ ﺐ أي‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴ ﺎﺣﺎت ﺑ ﯿﻦ اﻟﺰﻋ ﺎﻧﻒ واﻟﺠ ﺰء اﻻﺧ ﺮ ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﺤ ﺮارة ﯾﻨﺘﻘ ﻞ ﻋ ﻦ طﺮﯾ ﻖ اﻟﺰﻋ ﺎﻧﻒ وﺑﮭ ﺬا ﺗﻤﺜ ﻞ اﻟﺤ ﺮارة اﻟﻜﻠﯿ ﺔ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟ ﺔ ﻣ ﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻻﺗﯿﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪Q rej = (Qfs + Q af ) * N t‬‬ ‫)‪………………………………..…………….(1‬‬
‫وﺗﻤﺜﻞ اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﻤﻨﺘﻘﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻻﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﺤﺮة ﻟﻼﻧﺒﻮب اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ ھﻲ]‪:[12‬‬
‫‪Q fs = U o A o F DTm‬‬ ‫)‪………………….…………..…………….(2‬‬
‫ﺣﯿﺚ أن ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﯿﺢ ‪ F‬ﻗﯿﻤﺘﮭﺎ واﺣﺪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻔﺎت واﻟﻤﺒﺨﺮات‪ ،‬اﻣﺎ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺴﻄﺤﯿﺔ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﯿﺔ اﻻﻧﺒﻮب ﻓﮭﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪Ao = p Do l‬‬ ‫)‪…………………………………..…………….(3‬‬
‫ﺣﯿﺚ ‪ l‬ﺗﻤﺜﻞ طﻮل اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺴﻄﺤﯿﺔ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﯿﺔ اﻟﺤﺮة ﻟﻼﻧﺒﻮب وﺗﻤﺜﻞ ﻛﺎﻻﺗﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪l = L - d Nf‬‬ ‫)‪……………………………..…..…………….(4‬‬
‫وﯾﻤﺜﻞ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﻟﻔﺮق ﻓﻲ درﺟﺎت اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﻠﻮﻏﺎرﺗﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ اﻻﺗﯿﺔ]‪:[12‬‬

‫= ‪DTm‬‬
‫) ‪(Toa - Tia‬‬ ‫)‪…………………………………..…………….(5‬‬
‫‪ln‬‬
‫(‬‫) ‪Tc - Tia‬‬
‫) ‪(Tc - Toa‬‬
‫اﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺣﯿﺚ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻻﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺜﻒ ﻓﺘﻮﺻﻔﮫ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ اﻻﺗﯿﺔ]‪:[12‬‬

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 ‫أﻟﺨﯿﺎط‪ :‬ﻣﺤﺎﻛﺎة وﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ ﻣﻜﺜﻒ ذي أﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ ﻣﺰﻋﻨﻔﺔ ﻣﺒﺮد ﺑﺎﻟﮭﻮاء ﯾ ُﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺘﺜﻠﯿﺞ اﻻﻣﺘﺼﺎﺻﯿﺔ‬

‫‪-1‬‬
‫‪é D‬‬ ‫‪D ln (D o D i ) 1‬‬ ‫‪ù‬‬
‫‪Uo = ê o + o‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+ R fou . ú‬‬ ‫)‪…………..…………….(6‬‬
‫‪ë Di h i‬‬ ‫‪2*kt‬‬ ‫‪ho‬‬ ‫‪û‬‬
‫ﺗﺤﺪث ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻜﺜﯿﻒ داﺧﻞ اﻻﻧﺒﻮب اﻟﺸﺎﻗﻮﻟﻲ ﻓﺘﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺗﻜﺜﯿﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺷﺎﻗﻮﻟﻲ وﻋﻠﯿﮫ ﯾﻤﺜﻞ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻟﺤ ﺮارة‬
‫اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ ﻟﻼﻧﺒﻮب ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ اﻻﺗﯿﺔ]‪:[12‬‬

‫(‬ ‫) ()‬ ‫‪1/ 4‬‬

‫‪é rR . l rR . l - r R.v g h fg k 3R . l ù‬‬
‫‪h i = 0.943ê‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪ú‬‬ ‫)‪.….………..…………….(7‬‬
‫‪ê‬‬ ‫) ‪L m R. l (Tc - Tis‬‬ ‫‪ú‬‬
‫‪ë‬‬ ‫‪û‬‬
‫ﻛﻞ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﺎﺋﻊ اﻟﺘﺜﻠﯿﺞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ)‪ (7‬ﺗﺤﺴﺐ ﻋﻨﺪ درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﻐﺸﺎﺋﯿﺔ )‪:(film temperature‬‬
‫‪T + Tis‬‬
‫‪Tfilm = c‬‬ ‫)‪……...…………..…………….(8‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ وﺗﻮﺻﻒ درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﺴﻄﺢ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ ﻟﻼﻧﺒﻮب ﻣﻦ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻟﺤﺮارة ﻟﻼﻧﺒﻮب اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ وھﻲ]‪:[12‬‬
‫) ‪Q t = h i A i (Tc - Tis‬‬ ‫)‪……………………………………(9‬‬
‫ﺣﯿﺚ أن اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﻤﻨﺘﻘﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ اﻧﺒﻮب ھﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪Q t = Qfs + Qaf‬‬ ‫)‪…...………………………………………………(10‬‬
‫وﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﻜﻮن درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﺴﻄﺢ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ ﻟﻼﻧﺒﻮب ھﻲ‪:‬‬

‫‪Tis = Tc -‬‬
‫) ‪(Q fs + Qaf‬‬ ‫)‪………………………………………………(11‬‬
‫‪h i p Di L‬‬
‫وﺑﻤ ﺎ أن اﻟﻤﻜﺜ ﻒ ﯾﺒ ﺮد ﺗﺒﺮﯾ ﺪ ھ ﻮاﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻌﺎﻣ ﻞ اﻧﺘﻘ ﺎل اﻟﺤ ﺮارة ﻟﻠﮭ ﻮاء اﻟﻤ ﺎر ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ ﻣ ﻦ اﻻﻧﺎﺑﯿ ﺐ اﻟﻤﺰﻋﻨﻔ ﺔ ﺗﻮﺻ ﻔﮫ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻻﺗﯿﺔ]‪:[13‬‬
‫‪2/3‬‬ ‫‪1 / 3 0.6‬‬
‫‪C k Cp G‬‬
‫‪h o = h a0.266 a 0.4 a‬‬ ‫)‪.......………………………………………(12‬‬
‫‪ma‬‬ ‫‪Dh‬‬
‫ﺣﯿﺚ أن ‪ G‬ﺗﻤﺜﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻻﺗﯿﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ma‬‬
‫= ‪Ga‬‬ ‫)‪……..…………………………………………(13‬‬
‫‪A min‬‬
‫اﻣﺎ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻞ ‪ Ch‬ﻓﯿﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻻت اﻻﺗﯿﺔ]‪:[13‬‬
‫) ‪D ch = D o + f (D f - D o‬‬ ‫)‪….…………………………………………(14‬‬
‫‪é 3 - X BF (mm ) ù‬‬
‫‪f = 1.35 - 0.183 X BF (mm ) - ê‬‬ ‫‪ú‬‬ ‫)‪.……………………(15‬‬
‫‪ë X BF (mm ) + 8.57 û‬‬
‫ﺣﯿﺚ أن ‪ f‬داﺋﻤﺎ اﻛﺒﺮ او ﺗﺴﺎوي ﺻﻔﺮا‪ ،‬واذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﺮ ﺗﺆﺧﺬ ﺻﻔﺮ أي أن اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺰﻋﺎﻧﻒ ﻟ ﯿﺲ ﻟﮭ ﺎ‬
‫ﺗ ﺄﺛﯿﺮ]‪ ،[13‬وﺑ ﺬﻟﻚ ﯾﻜ ﻮن اﻟﻘﻄ ﺮ اﻟﻤﻤﯿ ﺰ ﻣﺴ ﺎوي ﻟﻘﻄ ﺮ اﻻﻧﺒ ﻮب اﻟﺨ ﺎرﺟﻲ ) ‪ ( D ch = D o‬ﻛﻤ ﺎ ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟ ﺔ )‪ ،(14‬وﯾ ﺘﻢ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻘﻄﺮ اﻟﮭﯿﺪروﻟﯿﻜﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻻﺗﯿﺔ]‪:[13‬‬
‫‪4[(X min - D o ) - (D f - D o )n d]X L‬‬
‫= ‪Dh‬‬ ‫)‪…………………………(16‬‬
‫‪é‬‬
‫‪ë‬‬
‫(‬ ‫)‬ ‫(‬
‫‪1 2‬‬
‫‪p êD o 1 - n d + D f (n d) + D f - D o n ú‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪2 ù‬‬
‫)‬‫‪û‬‬
‫ﺣﯿﺚ أن ‪ X min‬ھﻲ اﻗ ﻞ ﺑﻌ ﺪ ﻣ ﻦ ﺑ ﯿﻦ اﻟﺒﻌ ﺪ اﻟﻤﺴ ﺘﻌﺮض )‪ (Xtr‬او اﻟﺒﻌ ﺪ اﻟﻘﻄ ﺮي )‪ ،(Xd‬ﻛﻤ ﺎ ﺗﻮﺻ ﻒ )‪ (Xd‬ﻣ ﻦ‬
‫ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻓﯿﺜﺎﻏﻮرس وھﻲ]‪:[13‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪æX ö‬‬
‫= ‪Xd‬‬ ‫‪X 2L‬‬ ‫÷ ‪+ ç tr‬‬ ‫)‪…………………………………………(17‬‬
‫‪è 2 ø‬‬

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‫‪æD‬‬ ‫‪öé‬‬ ‫‪p‬‬ ‫‪ù‬‬

‫‪Z = çç h‬‬ ‫‪÷÷ ê‬‬ ‫‪ú‬‬ ‫)‪..…………………………………………(18‬‬
‫‪è D ch‬‬ ‫‪ø ë 4(0.866) û‬‬
‫‪æ X tr ö‬‬ ‫‪1 + (Z + 1)1 / 2‬‬
‫‪çç‬‬ ‫= ÷÷‬ ‫)‪.…………………………………………(19‬‬
‫‪è Dt øD‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪é‬‬ ‫‪æX ö ù‬‬
‫‪0.08263ê1.2 - çç tr ÷÷ ú‬‬
‫‪æX ö‬‬ ‫‪êë‬‬ ‫‪è D t ø D úû‬‬
‫÷÷ ‪C h = 0.2818çç tr‬‬ ‫‪- 0.1282 -‬‬ ‫)‪………………(20‬‬
‫‪è Dt øD‬‬ ‫‪éæ X tr ö‬‬ ‫‪ù‬‬
‫‪êçç‬‬ ‫‪÷÷ - 0.8924ú‬‬
‫‪êëè D t ø D‬‬ ‫‪úû‬‬
‫اﻣﺎ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺰﻋﺎﻧﻒ ﻓﻨﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ اﻻﺗﯿﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪L(mm ) - d(mm )N f‬‬
‫= ) ‪X BF (mm‬‬ ‫)‪….…………………………………(21‬‬
‫‪Nf + 1‬‬
‫وﺟﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪ (12‬ﺗﺤﺴﺐ ﻋﻨﺪ درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﻈﺎھﺮﯾﺔ )‪ (Bulk temperature‬وھﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪T + Toa‬‬
‫‪Tbulk = ia‬‬ ‫)‪…..………………………………………(22‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫ﺣﯿﺚ ‪ Toa‬ﺗﻮﺻﻒ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻻﺗﯿﺔ‪:‬‬
‫) ‪Q rej = ma Cp a (Toa - Tia‬‬ ‫)‪…...……………………………………(23‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ وان ‪ Qrej‬ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪ (1‬ﻓﺘﺼﺒﺢ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﮭﻮاء اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ ھﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪(Q + Qaf ) N t‬‬
‫‪Toa = Tia + fs‬‬ ‫)‪….………………………………………(24‬‬
‫‪ma Cp a‬‬
‫ﻓﻀﻼ ﻋﻤﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﻓﺎن اﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻟﺤﺮارة ﯾﻜﻮن اﯾﻀﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﺰﻋﺎﻧﻒ‪ ،‬وﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﯾﻤﺜﻞ اﻧﺘﻘ ﺎل اﻟﺤ ﺮارة ﻣ ﻦ ﺧ ﻼل زﻋﻨﻔ ﺔ‬
‫واﺣﺪة ﺣﻠﻘﯿﺔ وﻣﺴﺘﻄﯿﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻵﺗﯿﺔ]‪:[11‬‬
‫‪é I (M rf )K1 (M ro ) - K1 (M rf ) I1 (Mro ) ù‬‬
‫‪Q f = 2p ro k f M d (Tb - Tbulk )ê 1‬‬ ‫‪ú‬‬ ‫)‪..(25‬‬
‫‪ë I 0 (M ro )K1 (M ro ) + K 0 (M ro ) I1 (Mrf ) û‬‬
‫اﻣﺎ اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﻤﻨﺘﻘﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﺰﻋﺎﻧﻒ اﻟﻤﺜﺒﺘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ اﻧﺒﻮب ﻓﮭﻲ ﺗﻤﺜﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻵﺗﯿﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪Q af = Q f N af‬‬ ‫)‪…………………………………………(26‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ وﯾﻮﺻﻒ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﺰﻋﻨﻔﺔ ‪ M‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﯾﺄﺗﻲ]‪:[11‬‬
‫‪1/ 2‬‬
‫‪æ 2h ö‬‬
‫÷÷ ‪M = çç o‬‬ ‫)‪…………………………………………(27‬‬
‫‪è kf d ø‬‬
‫وﺗﻤﺜﻞ درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺰﻋﻨﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻟﺤﺮارة ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ اﻧﺒﻮب اﻟﺘﻲ ھﻲ]‪:[12‬‬
‫) ‪2 p k t L (Tis - Tb‬‬
‫= ‪Qt‬‬ ‫)‪…………………………………………(28‬‬
‫‪æD ö‬‬
‫÷÷ ‪lnçç o‬‬
‫‪è Di ø‬‬
‫ﺗﻤﺜﻞ أﯾﻀﺎ اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﻤﻨﺘﻘﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ اﻧﺒﻮب ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪ ،(10‬وﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺰﻋﻨﻔﺔ ﺑﮭﺬه اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪Tb = Tis - fs‬‬

‫) ‪(Q + Q af ) ln(Do Di‬‬ ‫)‪………………………………(29‬‬
‫‪2 pkt L‬‬
‫وﻟﻤﺤﺎﻛ ﺎة اﻟﻤﻜﺜ ﻒ ﺑﺎﺳ ﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﻌ ﺎدﻻت اﻟﺘ ﻲ ذﻛ ﺮت‪ ،‬ا ُﺳ ﺘﺨﺪم ﺑﺮﻧ ﺎﻣﺞ ‪ MATLAB‬اﺻ ﺪار)‪ (2010Ra‬ﻟﻌﻤ ﻞ‬
‫ﺐ‬ ‫ﻮﯾﺾ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗ‬ ‫ﺔ اﻟﺘﻌ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺪﻣﺖ طﺮﯾﻘ‬ ‫ﺎدﻻت واﺳ‬ ‫ﺬه اﻟﻤﻌ‬ ‫ﮫھ‬ ‫ﺎﻣﺞ اﺳﺎﺳ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧ‬
‫)‪ [14](Successive substitution‬ﻟﻐﺮض اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻛﺎة ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ‪.‬‬

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 ‫أﻟﺨﯿﺎط‪ :‬ﻣﺤﺎﻛﺎة وﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ ﻣﻜﺜﻒ ذي أﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ ﻣﺰﻋﻨﻔﺔ ﻣﺒﺮد ﺑﺎﻟﮭﻮاء ﯾ ُﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺘﺜﻠﯿﺞ اﻻﻣﺘﺼﺎﺻﯿﺔ‬

‫اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ واﻟﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﮭﻢ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارﯾﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﻄﺮﺣﮭﺎ اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ اﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮح ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻋ ﺪة ﻋﻮاﻣ ﻞ ﺗﺼ ﻤﯿﻤﯿﺔ وﺗﺸ ﻐﯿﻠﯿﺔ وھ ﺬه‬
‫اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ ھﻲ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻄﻮﻟﯿﺔ واﻟﻌﺮﺿﯿﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻻﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ‪ ،‬ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ‪ ،‬ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ درﺟ ﺔ ﺣ ﺮارة ھ ﻮاء اﻟﺘﺒﺮﯾ ﺪ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺜﻒ‪ ،‬ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻋﺪد اﻻﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ‪ ،‬ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ط ﻮل اﻻﻧﺎﺑﯿ ﺐ‪ ،‬واﺧﯿ ﺮا ﺗﻐﯿﯿ ﺮ ﻋ ﺪد اﻟﺰﻋ ﺎﻧﻒ اﻟﻤﺜﺒﺘ ﺔ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻻﻧﺎﺑﯿ ﺐ‪ ،‬أﺧ ﺬت اﻟﻨﺘ ﺎﺋﺞ ﻣ ﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮﺑﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ وﻟﻨﻤﻮذﺟﯿﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺜﻒ اﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮح اﻻول ﯾﺤﻮي اﻟﻤﺎء ﻛﻤﺎﺋﻊ ﺗﺜﻠﯿﺞ واﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﯾﺤﻮي اﻣﻮﻧﯿ ﺎ‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎﺋﻊ ﺗﺜﻠﯿﺞ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج اﻷول اﺧﺬ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺿﯿﺔ ﻷﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ )‪ (55 ،50 ،45‬ﻣﻠﻢ أي ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ زﻋﺎﻧﻒ‬
‫اﻧﺒﻮب واﺧﺮ )‪ (12.5 ،7.5 ،2.5‬ﻣﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ وﺑﺎزدﯾﺎد اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻄﻮﻟﯿﺔ ﺣﻘﻖ اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ اﻋﻠﻰ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻟﻠﺤﺮارة ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺮﺿﯿﺔ ‪ 45‬ﻣﻠﻢ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ)‪ ،(2‬وﺑﺰﯾﺎدة اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺿﯿﺔ ﯾﻘﻞ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻟﺤﺮارة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ‪ ،‬ﺣﯿﺚ ﯾﺘﻀﺢ أن ﺗﻘﻠﯿﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺿﯿﺔ )ﺗﻘﻠﯿﻞ ﯾﻤﻨﻊ ﺣﺪوث اﻧﺴﺪاد ﻟﻤﺠﺮى اﻟﮭﻮاء( ﺗﺰﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ھﻮاء اﻟﺘﺒﺮﯾﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻻﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ ﻓﺘﺮﻓﻊ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ وﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﺰﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﻄﺮﺣﮭﺎ اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ‪ ،‬اﻣﺎ زﯾﺎدة اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻄﻮﻟﯿﺔ ﺗﺰﯾﺪ اﯾﻀﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺪل طﺮح اﻟﺤﺮارة وذﻟﻚ ﻻن اﻟﮭﻮاء ﯾﺨﺮج ﻣﻦ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ اﻟﺼﻒ اﻻول ﻓﯿﻨﺘﻈﻢ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻟﯿﻼﻣﺲ اﺳﻄﺢ اﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ‬
‫اﻟﺼﻒ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻦ زﯾﺎدة اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻄﻮﻟﯿﺔ ﯾﺠﺐ أن ﺗﺤﺪد ﺑﺤﯿﺚ ﯾﻜﻮن ﻋﺮض اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻟﯿﻜﻮن ﻣﻜﺜﻒ ﻣﺪﻣﺞ ﻻﯾﺄﺧﺬ‬
‫ﺣﯿﺰا ﻛﺒﯿﺮا وﻋﻠﯿﮫ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ طﻮﻟﯿﺔ ‪ 45‬ﻣﻠﻢ وﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻋﺮﺿﯿﺔ ‪ 45‬ﻣﻠﻢ ﻟﻠﻨﻤﻮذج اﻻول ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺜﻒ اﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮح‪ .‬اﻣﺎ ﻣﺎ ﯾﺨﺺ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺜﻒ اﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮح ﺗﻢ اﺧﺬ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺿﯿﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻻﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ )‪ (60 ،55 ،50‬ﻣﻠﻢ اﻋﺘﻤﺎدا ﻋﻠﻰ اﻗﻄﺎر اﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ ھﺬا‬
‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‪ ،‬ﻓﺒﯿﻨﺖ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻛﺎة ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﺴﻠﻮك اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج اﻻول ﻛﻤﺎ ﻣﺒﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ)‪ (3‬واﻟﺬي ﯾﺒﺘﺪئ ﻓﯿﮫ اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ طﻮﻟﯿﺔ اﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪ 40‬ﻣﻠﻢ وذﻟﻚ ﻟﻜﺒﺮ ﻗﻄﺮ اﻧﺒﻮب اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ وﺗﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻄﻮﻟﯿﺔ ‪ 50‬ﻣﻠﻢ واﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺮﺿﯿﺔ ‪ 50‬ﻣﻠﻢ ﻛﺎﺑﻌﺎد ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻤﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻤﻮذج اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺜﻒ اﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮح‪ .‬وﺑﮭﺬا ﺗﻜﻮن اﻻﺑﻌﺎد اﻟﺘﺼﻤﯿﻤﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻤﻮذج اﻻول واﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺜﻒ اﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮح ﻣﻮﺿﺤﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺪول)‪ (2‬وﻋﻨﺪ ﺛﻼث ﻣﺠﺎﻣﯿﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻋﺪاد اﻻﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ )‪ (53 ،44 ،32‬واﻟﺸﻜﻞ)‪ (4‬ﯾﺒﯿﻦ ﻣﺴﻘﻂ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺜﻒ اﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮح وﺻﻔﻮف وﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ اﻷﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ‪.‬‬

‫‪9.75‬‬ ‫‪9.75‬‬
‫‪Xtr=50‬‬ ‫‪Xtr=45‬‬

‫‪Xtr=55‬‬ ‫‪Xtr=50‬‬
‫‪9.50‬‬ ‫‪9.50‬‬
‫‪Xtr=60‬‬ ‫‪Xtr=55‬‬
‫)‪Qrej (kW‬‬

‫)‪Qrej (kW‬‬

‫‪9.25‬‬ ‫‪9.25‬‬

‫‪9.00‬‬ ‫‪9.00‬‬

‫‪8.75‬‬ ‫‪8.75‬‬
‫‪40‬‬ ‫‪45‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪55‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬ ‫‪45‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪55‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬
‫‪XL‬‬ ‫‪XL‬‬
‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ (3‬اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻜﺜﻒ اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ (2‬اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻜﺜﻒ اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻄﻮﻟﯿﺔ واﻟﻌﺮﺿﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻷول ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻄﻮﻟﯿﺔ واﻟﻌﺮﺿﯿﺔ‬

‫ﺟﺪول )‪ (2‬ﯾﺒﯿﻦ اﻻﺑﻌﺎد اﻟﺘﺼﻤﯿﻤﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻤﻮذج اﻻول واﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺜﻒ اﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮح‬

‫)‪z (mm‬‬ ‫)‪y (mm‬‬ ‫)‪x (mm‬‬ ‫)‪W (mm‬‬ ‫)‪XL (mm‬‬ ‫)‪Xtr(mm‬‬
‫‪Nt=53‬‬ ‫‪Nt=44‬‬ ‫‪Nt=32‬‬
‫‪810‬‬ ‫‪675‬‬ ‫‪495‬‬ ‫‪133.22‬‬ ‫‪45‬‬ ‫‪45‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج اﻻول‬
‫‪900‬‬ ‫‪750‬‬ ‫‪550‬‬ ‫‪146.7‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬

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 ‫‪Al-Rafidain Engineering‬‬ ‫‪Vol.19‬‬ ‫‪No.4‬‬ ‫‪August 2011‬‬

‫‪z‬‬
‫‪y‬‬
‫‪x‬‬

‫‪W‬‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ (4‬ﻣﺴﻘﻂ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺜﻒ اﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮح وﺻﻔﻮف وﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ اﻻﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ)ﺑﺪون ﻣﻘﯿﺎس رﺳﻢ(‬

‫ﺳﻮف ﻻ ﯾﻜﻮن ھﻨﺎك ﻓﺮق ﻓﻲ ﺳﻠﻮك اﻟﻨﻤﻮذﺟﯿﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺜﻒ اﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮح ﻣﻦ ﺣﯿﺚ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻟﺤﺮارة ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﯿﻤﯿﺔ واﻟﺘﺸﻐﯿﻠﯿﺔ اﻻﺧﺮى )‪ ،(Nf ، Lt ، Nt ، Ta ، Tc‬اﻻ ﻓﺮق ﺑﺴ ﯿﻂ ﻓ ﻲ ﻣﻘ ﺪار اﻟﺤ ﺮارة اﻟﻤﻔﻘ ﻮدة ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﻨﻤ ﻮذج اﻻول‬
‫وھ ﻲ اﻛﺒ ﺮ ﻣ ﻦ ﻛﻤﯿ ﺔ اﻟﺤ ﺮارة اﻟﻤﻔﻘ ﻮدة ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﻨﻤ ﻮذج اﻟﺜ ﺎﻧﻲ وذﻟ ﻚ ﻻن ﻧ ﻮع ﻣ ﺎدة اﻻﻧﺒ ﻮب ﻟﻠﻨﻤ ﻮذج اﻻول ھ ﻮ اﻟﻨﺤ ﺎس اﻛﺒ ﺮ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻼ ﻟﻠﺤﺮارة ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎدة اﻧﺒﻮب اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ وھﻮ اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺪ وﻋﻠﯿﮫ ﺳﯿﺘﻢ ﻋﺮض ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻛﺎة ﻟﻠﻨﻤﻮذج اﻻول ﻓﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺆﺛﺮ درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﺨﺎرﺟ ﺔ ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﻤﻜﺜ ﻒ ﺣﯿ ﺚ ان ازدﯾﺎد درﺟ ﺔ ﺣ ﺮارة اﻟﻤﻜﺜ ﻒ ﺗﺰﯾ ﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺪل ﻓﻘﺪان اﻟﺤﺮارة وھﺬا ﯾﻮﺿﺤﮫ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ (5‬ﻓﺘﻢ اﻋﺘﺒﺎر درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﺠﻮ)ھﻮاء اﻟﺘﺒﺮﯾﺪ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺜﻒ( ‪o 35‬م وھ ﺬه اﻟﺰﯾ ﺎدة‬
‫ﻓ ﻲ ﻓﻘ ﺪان اﻟﻤﻜﺜ ﻒ ﻟﻠﺤ ﺮارة ﯾﺮﺟ ﻊ اﻟ ﻰ زﯾ ﺎدة اﻟﻔ ﺮق ﻓ ﻲ درﺟ ﺔ ﺣ ﺮارة اﻟﻤﻜﺜ ﻒ ﻣ ﻊ ھ ﻮاء اﻟﺘﺒﺮﯾ ﺪ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺜ ﻒ ﻓﯿﺰﯾ ﺪ ﻣ ﻦ ﻓﻘ ﺪان‬
‫اﻟﺤﺮارة‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ وان ﻋﻨﺪ ﻧﻔﺲ درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ ﯾﺰداد ﻓﻘﺪان اﻟﺤﺮارة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ ﺑﺰﯾﺎدة ﻣﻌﺪل ﺗﺪﻓﻖ ھﻮاء اﻟﺘﺒﺮﯾ ﺪ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺜ ﻒ‪.‬‬
‫وﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺪل ﻓﻘﺪان اﻟﺤﺮارة ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﻤﻜﺜ ﻒ ھ ﻮ درﺟ ﺔ ﺣ ﺮارة اﻟﺠ ﻮ ﺣﯿ ﺚ اﻧ ﮫ ﻛﻠﻤ ﺎ زادت درﺟ ﺔ ﺣ ﺮارة‬
‫ھﻮاء اﻟﺘﺒﺮﯾﺪ ﻗﻞ ﻣﻌﺪل ﻓﻘﺪان اﻟﺤﺮارة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ )ﻋﻨﺪ ﺛﺒﻮت درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ ‪ (Tc‬وﻛﻤﺎ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ)‪ (6‬وذﻟ ﻚ ﻻن‬
‫زﯾﺎدة درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة ھﻮاء اﻟﺘﺒﺮﯾﺪ ﺗﻘﻠﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺮق ﻓﻲ درﺟﺎت اﻟﺤﺮارة ﺑﯿﻦ درﺟﺔ ﺣ ﺮارة اﻟﻤﻜﺜ ﻒ ودرﺟ ﺔ ﺣ ﺮارة اﻟﮭ ﻮاء ﻓﯿﻘ ﻞ‬
‫ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﻌﺪل ﻓﻘﺪان اﻟﺤﺮارة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ‪.‬‬

‫‪40‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬
‫‪36‬‬ ‫‪Tair=25‬‬ ‫‪36‬‬ ‫‪Tc=50‬‬
‫‪32‬‬ ‫‪Tair=35‬‬ ‫‪32‬‬ ‫‪Tc=47‬‬
‫‪28‬‬ ‫‪Tair=45‬‬ ‫‪28‬‬ ‫‪Tc=44‬‬
‫)‪Qrej (kW‬‬

‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬
‫)‪Qrej (kW‬‬

‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬
‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0.25‬‬ ‫‪0.50‬‬ ‫‪0.75 1.00‬‬ ‫‪1.25‬‬ ‫‪1.50‬‬ ‫‪0.25‬‬ ‫‪0.50‬‬ ‫‪0.75 1.00‬‬ ‫‪1.25‬‬ ‫‪1.50‬‬
‫)‪ma (kg/s‬‬ ‫)‪ma (kg/s‬‬
‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ (6‬اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻜﺜﻒ اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ (5‬اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻜﺜﻒ اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬
‫اﻻول ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة ھﻮاء اﻟﺘﺒﺮﯾﺪ‬ ‫اﻷول ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ‬

‫اﻣﺎ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ (7‬ﻓﯿﻮﺿﺢ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺤﺎﻛﺎة اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ اﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮح ان زﯾ ﺎدة ﻋ ﺪد اﻻﻧﺎﺑﯿ ﺐ ﻣ ﻦ ‪ 32‬اﻟ ﻰ ‪ 44‬ﺛ ﻢ اﻟ ﻰ ‪ 53‬ﺗﺰﯾ ﺪ ﻣ ﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻌ ﺪل ﻓﻘ ﺪان اﻟﺤ ﺮارة ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﻤﻜﺜ ﻒ ﻋﻨ ﺪ ﻋ ﺪد زﻋ ﺎﻧﻒ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ ﻟﻜ ﻞ اﻧﺒ ﻮب )‪ (332‬ﻋﻨ ﺪ ط ﻮل ‪ 0.5‬م‪ ،‬وذﻟ ﻚ ﻻزدﯾ ﺎد اﻟﻤﺴ ﺎﺣﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻄﺤﯿﺔ ﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻟﺤﺮارة ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﺎﺋﻊ اﻟﺘﺜﻠﯿﺞ وھﻮاء اﻟﺘﺒﺮﯾﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ وﯾﻤﻜﻦ زﯾﺎدة اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺴ ﻄﺤﯿﺔ ﻻﻧﺘﻘ ﺎل اﻟﺤ ﺮارة وذﻟ ﻚ ﺑﺰﯾ ﺎدة‬
‫طﻮل اﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ ﺣﯿﺚ ان زﯾﺎدة طﻮل اﻻﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ ﻓﻀﻼ ﻋﻦ ازدﯾﺎد اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺴﻄﺤﯿﺔ ﻟﻼﻧﺒ ﻮب ﺗ ﺰداد اﯾﻀ ﺎ ﻛﻤﯿ ﺔ اﻟﺰﻋ ﺎﻧﻒ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺜﺒﺘﺔ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ وﺑﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺰﻋﺎﻧﻒ ھﻲ ‪ 1‬ﻣﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺬﻟﻚ ﯾﻮﺿﺤﮫ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ (8‬ﻓﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﯿﺎر طﻮل اﻧﺒﻮب اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ )‪، 0.6 ، 0.5‬‬
‫‪ (1 ، 0.7‬م‪ ،‬ﺣﯿﺚ ﻧﻼﺣﻆ ان اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ ﺑﻄﻮل اﻧﺒﻮب ‪ 1‬م ﯾﻔﻘﺪ ﺣﺮارة اﻛﺜﺮ‪ .‬اﻣ ﺎ ﻋﻨ ﺪ ﺗﺜﺒﯿ ﺖ ط ﻮل اﻻﻧﺒ ﻮب وﻋ ﺪد اﻻﻧﺎﺑﯿ ﺐ ﻓ ﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ وﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺰﻋﺎﻧﻒ ﺳﻮف ﯾﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﻋﺪد اﻟﺰﻋﺎﻧﻒ اﻟﻤﺜﺒﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ اﻧﺒﻮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ ‪ ،‬ﺣﯿﺚ ﺗﻢ اﺧﺘﯿﺎر وﻛﻤ ﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ)‪ (9‬ﻓﺮاﻏﺎت ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺰﻋﺎﻧﻒ ﻣﻦ ‪ 1‬ﻣﻠﻢ اﻟﻰ ‪ 4‬ﻣﻠﻢ وﺗﻐﯿﺮت ﺗﺒﻌﺎ ﻟﮭﺬه اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﻋﺪد اﻟﺰﻋﺎﻧﻒ اﻟﻤﺜﺒﺘﺔ ﻓﻨﺠﺪ ان‬

‫‪96‬‬
 ‫أﻟﺨﯿﺎط‪ :‬ﻣﺤﺎﻛﺎة وﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ ﻣﻜﺜﻒ ذي أﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ ﻣﺰﻋﻨﻔﺔ ﻣﺒﺮد ﺑﺎﻟﮭﻮاء ﯾ ُﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺘﺜﻠﯿﺞ اﻻﻣﺘﺼﺎﺻﯿﺔ‬

‫‪40‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬
‫‪36‬‬ ‫)‪L=0.5 m (Nf=332‬‬ ‫‪36‬‬ ‫‪Nt=32‬‬
‫)‪L=0.6 m (Nf=399‬‬
‫‪32‬‬ ‫‪32‬‬ ‫‪Nt=44‬‬
‫)‪L=0.7 m (Nf=466‬‬
‫‪28‬‬ ‫)‪L=1 m (Nf=666‬‬
‫‪28‬‬ ‫‪Nt=53‬‬
‫‪24‬‬
‫)‪Qrej (kW‬‬

‫‪24‬‬

‫)‪Qrej (kW‬‬
‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬
‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0.25‬‬ ‫‪0.50‬‬ ‫‪0.75 1.00‬‬ ‫‪1.25‬‬ ‫‪1.50‬‬ ‫‪0.25‬‬ ‫‪0.50‬‬ ‫‪0.75 1.00‬‬ ‫‪1.25‬‬ ‫‪1.50‬‬
‫)‪ma (kg/s‬‬ ‫)‪ma (kg/s‬‬
‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ (8‬اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻜﺜﻒ اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ (7‬اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻜﺜﻒ اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬
‫اﻻول ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ طﻮل اﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ‬ ‫اﻷول ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻋﺪد اﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ‬

‫اﻗﻞ ﻓﻘﺪان ﻟﻠﺤﺮارة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ ﻛﺎن ﻋﻨﺪ ﻋﺪد زﻋﺎﻧﻒ )‪ (110‬وﺑﻔﺮاﻏﺎت ﺑ ﯿﻦ اﻟﺰﻋ ﺎﻧﻒ ھ ﻮ ‪ 4‬ﻣﻠ ﻢ وذﻟ ﻚ ﻻن زﯾ ﺎدة‬
‫ﻋﺪد اﻟﺰﻋﺎﻧﻒ ﺗﺰﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺴﻄﺤﯿﺔ اﻟﻨﺎﻗﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺮارة‪.‬‬

‫‪40‬‬
‫‪36‬‬ ‫)‪Nf=332 (SBF=1mm‬‬
‫)‪Nf=249 (SBF=1.5mm‬‬
‫‪32‬‬ ‫)‪Nf=199 (SBF=2mm‬‬

‫‪28‬‬ ‫)‪Nf=142 (SBF=3mm‬‬

‫)‪Nf=110 (SBF=4mm‬‬
‫‪24‬‬
‫)‪Qrej (kW‬‬

‫‪20‬‬
‫‪16‬‬
‫‪12‬‬
‫‪8‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0.25‬‬ ‫‪0.50‬‬ ‫‪0.75 1.00‬‬ ‫‪1.25‬‬ ‫‪1.50‬‬
‫)‪ma (kg/s‬‬
‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ (9‬اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻜﺜﻒ اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬
‫اﻷول ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻋﺪد زﻋﺎﻧﻒ ﻛﻞ اﻧﺒﻮب‬

‫اﻻﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎﺟﺎت‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻛﺎة ﺗﻢ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﻞ اﻟﻰ ﻣﺎﯾﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ان اﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ طﻮﻟﯿﺔ ‪ 45‬ﻣﻠﻢ وﻋﺮﺿﯿﺔ ‪ 45‬ﻣﻠﻢ ﻟﻠﻨﻤﻮذج اﻻول ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺜ ﻒ اﻟﻤﻘﺘ ﺮح‪ ،‬وﻣﺴ ﺎﻓﺔ طﻮﻟﯿ ﺔ ‪ 50‬ﻣﻠ ﻢ وﻋﺮﺿ ﯿﺔ‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪ 50‬ﻣﻠﻢ ﻟﻠﻨﻤﻮذج اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺜﻒ اﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮح‪.‬‬
‫ان درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﯿﻤﯿﺔ ﯾﺠﺐ ان ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻌﺔ ﻻﻣﻜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ ﻓﻲ اﺟﻮاء ذات درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻌﺔ‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﺮارة‬ ‫ﺔﺣ‬ ‫ﻰ درﺟ‬ ‫ﻒ ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﻤﻢ اﻟﻤﻜﺜ‬ ‫ﮫ ﯾﺼ‬ ‫ﻰ ‪o 45‬م وﻋﻠﯿ‬ ‫ﻞ اﻟ‬ ‫ﺪ ﺗﺼ‬ ‫ﻗ‬
‫‪o 50‬م ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤ ﺎ ان درﺟ ﺔ اﻟﺤ ﺮارة اﻟﻌﺎﻟﯿ ﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺜ ﻒ ﺗﺰﯾ ﺪ ﻣ ﻦ ﻣﻌ ﺪل اﻧﺘﻘ ﺎل اﻟﺤ ﺮارة وذﻟ ﻚ ﺑﺰﯾ ﺎدة اﻟﻔ ﺮق ﻓ ﻲ درﺟ ﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺤﺮارة ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ واﻟﺠﻮ)‪ (Tc-Tamb‬وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺗﻘﻠﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ اﻟﻼزم ﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻟﺤﺮارة‪.‬‬
‫اﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺣﯿﺚ زﯾﺎدة ﻋﺪد وطﻮل اﻻﻧﺎﺑﯿ ﺐ اﻟﻤﺴ ﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻘ ﺪ ﺗﺰﯾ ﺪ ﻣ ﻦ ﻓﻘ ﺪان اﻟﺤ ﺮارة وﻟﻜ ﻦ ﯾﺠ ﺐ ان ﯾﺤ ﺪد اﻟﻤﺼ ﻤﻢ ﺑﺎﺑﻌ ﺎد‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﺪدة ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺜﻒ اﻟﻤﺮاد ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ وان زﯾﺎدة ﻋ ﺪد اﻟﺰﻋ ﺎﻧﻒ ﺗﺮﻓ ﻊ ﻣ ﻦ ﻣﻌ ﺪل ﻓﻘ ﺪان اﻟﺤ ﺮارة ﺣﯿ ﺚ ان اﻟﻔﺮاﻏ ﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﯿﻤﯿﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺰﻋﺎﻧﻒ ‪ 1‬ﻣﻠﻢ ﺗﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﻤﻢ ﺑﺰﯾﺎدة إﻣﻜﺎﻧﯿﺔ طﺮح اﻟﺤﺮارة ﺑﺤﺠﻢ ﻣﻜﺜﻒ ﻣﺪﻣﺞ واﺻﻐﺮ‪.‬‬

‫‪97‬‬
 Al-Rafidain Engineering Vol.19 No.4 August 2011

‫ وﺿﻌﺖ ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻤﯿﺔ ﯾﺘﻢ ﻣﻦ‬،‫ﻟﺘﺴﮭﯿﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﯿﻢ ﻟﻠﻤﺼﻤﻤﯿﻦ وﻟﻼﺳﺘﻔﺎدة ﻣﻦ ﻧﻤﻮذج اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻛﺎة ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺜﻒ اﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮح‬ -
‫ ﺣﯿﺚ اﻋﺘﻤﺪ ﻓﻲ ھﺬه اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻻت درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة‬،‫ﺧﻼﻟﮭﺎ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﻄﺮﺣﮭﺎ اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ اﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮح‬
‫ ﻓﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج اﻷول‬،‫ ﻣﻠﻢ‬1 ‫م واﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺰﻋﺎﻧﻒ ھﻲ‬o 35‫م ودرﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﺠﻮ‬o 50 ‫اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﯿﻤﯿﺔ‬
:‫ ﻟﯿﺜﯿﻮم ﺑﺮوﻣﺎﯾﺪ وﯾﻜﻮن ﻣﺎﺋﻊ اﻟﺘﺜﻠﯿﺞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ ھﻮ اﻟﻤﺎء ھﻲ‬-‫ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺜﻒ اﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮح اﻟﺬي ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺎت ﻣﺎء‬
-

Q rej = -15.96 + 13.5 m0a.9 + 9.6 L0t.9 + 0.5 N 0t.9 R2=0.9955 ………. (30)
‫اﻣ ﺎ اﻟﻨﻤ ﻮذج اﻟﺜ ﺎﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺜ ﻒ اﻟﻤﻘﺘ ﺮح اﻟ ﺬي ﯾُﺴ ﺘﺨﺪم ﻓ ﻲ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣ ﺎت ﺗﺤﺘ ﻮي اﻣﻮﻧﯿ ﺎ – ﻣ ﺎء وﯾﻜ ﻮن ﻣ ﺎﺋﻊ اﻟﺘﺜﻠ ﯿﺞ ﻓ ﻲ‬
:‫اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ اﻻﻣﻮﻧﯿﺎ واﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ﻟﮭﺬا اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ ھﻲ‬
Q rej = -12 + 12.487 m0a.9 + 8 L0t.9 + 0.4 N 0t.9 R2=0.9955 ………. (31)

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‫ﺗﻢ اﺟﺮاء اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻠﯿﺔ أﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳﺔ = ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ أﻟﻤﻮﺻﻞ‬

98