مذكرة الإختبارات الكهربائية - م محمد كمال الجويني - Electrical Engineering Community

‫ﺑﺴﻢ اﷲ اﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ اﻟﺮﺣﯿﻢ‬
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‫اﻟﺤﻤﺪﷲ اﻟﺬى ﻣﻦّ ﻋﻠﯿﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻀﻠﮫ ﺑﮭﺬا اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ووﻓﻘﻨﺎ إﻟﻰ ﺗﺪوﯾﻨﮫ وﺗﺠﮭﯿﺰه ﺑﮭﺬه اﻟﺼﻮرة‬
‫ﻟﯿﻜﻮن ﻧﺎﻓﻌﺎ ﻟﻨﺎ وﻟﻐﯿﺮﻧﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫وأدﻋﻮ اﷲ ﻋﺰوﺟﻞ ﺑﺄن ﯾﺠﻌﻞ ھﺬا اﻟﻌﻠﻢ وھﺬا اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺧﺎﻟﺼﺎ إﻟﻰ ﻟﻮﺟﮭﮫ وﻓﻰ ﻣﯿﺰان‬
‫ﺣﺴﻨﺎﺗﻲ ﯾﻮم اﻟﻌﺮض ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ‪.‬‬
‫وأدﻋﻮ اﷲ اﻟﻌﻠﻰ اﻟﻘﺪﯾﺮ ﺑﺄن ﯾﺠﻌﻞ ھﺬا اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻧﺎﻓﻌﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫و أﺗﻘﺪم ﺑﺨﺎﻟﺺ اﻟﺸﻜﺮ واﻟﺘﻘﺪﯾﺮ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻤﻨﺎ ﺣﺮﻓﺎ وﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎن ﺳﺒﺒﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻞ ھﺬا‬
‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ وﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺎﻋﺪﻧﺎ ﻓﻰ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ھﺬه اﻟﻤﺬﻛﺮة وأن ﯾﺠﻌﻞ اﷲ ﻋﺰوﺟﻞ ذﻟﻚ ﻓﻰ ﻣﯿﺰان‬
‫ﺣﺴﻨﺎﺗﮭﻢ ﺟﻤﯿﻌﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫إھﺪاء‬
‫إھﺪاء إﻟﻰ أﺳﺮﺗﻰ وﻋﺎﺋﻠﺘﻰ وزﻣﻼﺋﻰ وﻛﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﯿﻦ‪.‬‬
‫‪www.facebook.com/Electrical.engineering.community2050‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﮭﺮس‬
‫رﻗﻢ اﻟﺼﻔﺤﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع‬ ‫م‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎرات اﻟﻤﺤﻮﻻت اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪42‬‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎرات اﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪات اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪43‬‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎرات ﻣﻔﺎﺗﯿﺢ اﻟﺠﮭﺪ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪56‬‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎرات ﻛﺎﺑﻼت اﻟﺠﮭﺪ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪64‬‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻻرﺿﻰ‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫]م‪ .‬ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻛﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﻮﯾﻨﻰ [‬ ‫] اﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﮫ [‬
‫‪**Introduction:‬‬
‫‪*Installation steps for electrical power plant‬‬
‫** اﻟﻤﺮاﺣﻞ اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﻤﺮ ﺑﮭﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺒﺎت ﻣﺤﻄﺎت ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﯿﺔ‪-:‬‬
‫‪1. Studying‬‬ ‫اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت‬

‫‪2. Tendering‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘﻮد واﻟﺘﻌﺎﻗﺪ‬
‫‪3. Design‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬
‫‪4. Procurement‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮﯾﺎت‬
‫‪5. Installation‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺐ‬
‫‪6. Testing‬‬ ‫اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎرات‬
‫‪7. Commissioning‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮﻛﯿﻞ)اﻟﺘﻔﻮﯾﺾ(‬
‫‪8. First Start‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺸﻐﯿﻞ اﻷوﻟﻰ‬
‫‪9. Reliability‬‬ ‫اﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎدﯾﺔ‬
‫‪10. Warranty‬‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻤﺎن‬
‫‪*Main‬‬ ‫‪equipments for Generation power plant:‬‬

‫** اﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﯿﺔ ﻟﻤﺤﻄﺎت ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﯿﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪1. Generators‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪات‬
‫‪2. Transformers‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻮﻻت‬
‫‪3. Motors‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺮﻛﺎت‬
‫‪4. Circuit breakers‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎح اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﻰ‬
‫‪5. GIS‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻔﺮﯾﻊ اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﻰ اﻟﻤﻌﺰول‬
‫‪6. Switch yard‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻔﺮﯾﻊ اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﻰ اﻟﮭﻮاﺋﻰ‬
‫‪7. Switchgear‬‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺣﺎت اﻟﺘﻮزﯾﻊ‬
‫‪*Types for electrical transformers:‬‬

‫** أﻧﻮاع اﻟﻤﺤﻮﻻت اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﯿﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ Power transformer‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻮﻻت اﻟﻘﺪرة اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬
‫)‪ Current transformer (CT‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻮﻻت اﻟﺘﯿﺎر‬
‫)‪ Voltage transformer(VT‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻮﻻت اﻟﺠﮭﺪ‬
‫** وﺳﻮف ﻧﺘﻨﺎول ﻓﻰ ھﺬه اﻟﻤﺬﻛﺮة اﻹﺧﺘﺒﺎرات اﻟﺨﺎﺻﮫ ﺑﺒﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﯿﺔ ﻟﻤﺤﻄﺎت‬
‫ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﯿﺔ أﺛﻨﺎء ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﺗﻨﻔﯿﺬ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع ‪:‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫]م‪ .‬ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻛﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﻮﯾﻨﻰ[‬ ‫)اﺧﺘﺒﺎرات ﻣﺤﻮﻻت اﻟﻘﺪرة اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿﺔ (‬
‫‪2‬‬
[‫ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻛﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﻮﯾﻨﻰ‬.‫]م‬ ( ‫)اﺧﺘﺒﺎرات ﻣﺤﻮﻻت اﻟﻘﺪرة اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬
Testing for power transformer:

1. Transformer turns ratio
2. Winding resistance
3. Insulation resistance (megger test)
4. Calibration of winding and oil temperature sensors
5. Oil breaker down voltage (B D V)
6. Magnetizing current test (No load test)
7. Vector group test
8. Secondary current injection for winding temperature indicator
9. Functional check
10. Cooling system check
11. Tan δ test
12. Pushing test
13. Impedance test
14. Zero impedance test
15. On load tap changer test (OLTC)
16. Pressure test
17. Magnetic unbalance test.
1 – Transformer turns ratio:
‫ﯾﺘﻢ إﺟﺮاء ھﺬا اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺤﻮل ﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻮﯾﻞ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻃﺮﻓﯿﮫ وﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﺨﻄﺄ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻘﯿﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﯿﻤﯿﺔ واﻟﻘﯿﻤﺔ‬
Tap ‫( وﯾﺘﻢ إﺟﺮاء اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻤﯿﻊ ﻧﻘﺎط‬I) excitation current ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻠﯿﺔ وﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬
±0. 5 :‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﺨﻄﺎ اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻮح ﺑﮭﺎ‬
◙Instrument device:- megger three phase TTR
‫ﻃﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬
‫ وذﻟﻚ‬80V ‫ أو‬40V ‫ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﺠﮭﺎز وھﻮ ﯾﺤﺘﻮى ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﯿﻤﺘﯿﻦ ﯾﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﯿﺎر إﺣﺪاھﻤﺎ‬HV ‫ﯾﺘﻢ ﺣﻘﻦ ﺟﮭﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﮭﺔ‬
. HV Side ‫ ( اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬R, S, T, N) ‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻛﺎﺑﻞ اﻟﺤﻘﻦ و ﯾﺤﺘﻮى ﻋﻠﻰ أرﺑﻌﺔ أﻃﺮاف‬
( R, S, T, N) ‫ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻛﺎﺑﻞ أﺧﺮ ﺧﺎص ﺑﺎﻟﻘﯿﺎس ﯾﺤﺘﻮى ﻋﻠﻰ أرﺑﻊ أﻃﺮاف‬L V Side ‫ﻗﯿﺎس اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
. LV Side ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
. ‫ ( اﻟﻤﺮﻓﻘﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺠﮭﺎز‬V G) ‫( ﻟﻠﻤﺤﻮل ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺧﺮﯾﻄﺔ‬Vector group ) ‫أدﺧﻞ ﻟﻠﺠﮭﺎز رﻗﻢ‬
. (tap changer ) ‫ ( وﻣﻘﺪار ﺟﮭﺪ اﻟﺨﻄﻮة‬tap changer) ‫أدﺧﻞ ﻋﺪد ﻧﻘﺎط‬

3
.(Normal taping ) ‫ ( ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﮭﺘﯿﻦ ورﻗﻢ‬rated voltage ) ‫أدﺧﺎل‬
: ‫ﻃﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ‬
R 1 2 Transformer
Power 3 4 5 ……. N r Megger three phase TTR
s
S HV cable
t
L V cable
T
1 2 3 4 5 ……. N n
Taping
: ‫ﺟﮭﺎز اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬
: ‫ﺟﺪول اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬
RATIO & MAGNETIZING CURRENT TESTS

MEASURED RATIO (R) MEASURED RATIO(Y) MEASURED RATIO (B)
Calc. Ratio
Tap
Ratio
Iexc.(mA)
Iexc.(mA)
Iexc.(mA)
Dev. (%)
Dev. (%)
Dev.(%)
No.
Ratio
Ratio
1 10.592 10.502 -0.19 2.09 10.504 -0.17 1.74 10.51 -0.07 3.22
2 10.386 10.367 -0.18 2.12 10373 -0.13 1.85 5
10.37 -0.07 3.30
8
…
…
…
9 9.4285 9.4195 -0.09 2.50 9.4243 -0.04 2.16 9.428 0.0 3.84
10 9.2917 9.2859 9
-0.06 2.56 9.2871 -0.05 2.19 5
9.296 0.05 3.91
3
….
….
….
….
….
….
….
….
….
….
….
20 7.9243 7.9359 0.15 3.28 7.9367 0.16 2.87 7.945 0.27 5.10
21 7.7876 7.8016 0.18 3.40 7.8022 0.19 2.98 8
7.809 0.28 5.25
7
± 0.5% ‫ أﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ‬Dev % ‫ﯾﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻗﯿﻤﺔ‬
‫( وإذا أﻋﻄﻰ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﯾﺘﻢ‬TTR) ‫ ﯾﺠﺐ إﻋﺎدة اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﺑﺠﮭﺎز أﺧﺮ‬± 0.5% ‫وﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ وﺟﻮد اﻟﻘﯿﻤﮫ أﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ‬
. ‫رﻓﺾ اﻟﻤﺤﻮل‬
measured .ratio  specified _ ratio

% Dev  * 100
Specified _ ratio
. ‫ ﺗﻘﺮأ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﮭﺎزوﻻ ﺗﺤﺘﺎج اﻟﻰ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺎت‬dev% ‫وﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬
2 – Winding Resistance test
‫ وﻋﻨﺪ‬L V side ‫ وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ‬H V side ‫ﯾﺘﻢ إﺟﺮاء اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎت اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة داﺧﻞ اﻟﻤﺤﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ال‬
‫ وذﻟﻚ ﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻗﯿﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ واﻟﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎت وﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﺰﯾﺖ‬tap changer ‫ﺟﻤﯿﻊ ﻧﻘﺎط‬
◙Instrument device:-Transformer winding resistance Kit – AVO or multi amp

(transformer ohmmeter)
‫ﻃﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر ‪:‬‬
‫ﯾﺘﻢ ﺣﻘﻦ ﺗﯿﺎر وﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ ﻗﯿﻤﺔ ھﺬا اﻟﺘﯿﺎر ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﮭﺎز ﺑﺎﺧﺘﯿﺎر ﻗﯿﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ارﺑﻌﺔ وھﻰ‬
‫) ‪ (5A,500mA,50mA,5mA‬وﯾﻘﻮم اﻟﺠﮭﺎز ﺑﺤﻘﻦ ھﺬة اﻟﻘﯿﻤﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺪرﯾﺞ ﺣﺘﻰ ﯾﺼﻞ اﻟﻰ ‪ 100%‬ﻣﻦ ھﺬة اﻟﻘﯿﻤﺔ‬
‫وﻗﯿﺎس اﻟﺠﮭﺪ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻟﺪ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ ﺛﻢ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻗﯿﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﺠﮭﺪ واﻟﺘﯿﺎروﺗﻈﮭﺮ ھﺬة اﻟﻘﯿﻤﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‬
‫وﺑﺠﻮارھﺎ ﻟﻤﺒﺔ )‪ (led‬وﺗﻌﻄﻰ اﻟﻮﺣﺪة ‪ 0 mΩ, 0 Ω‬وﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻈﮭﺮ ﻏﯿﺮ واﺿﺤﺔ ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ‪ range‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل‬
‫ﻣﺆﺷﺮ اﻟﻘﯿﺎس وﯾﺤﺘﻮى اﻟﺠﮭﺎز ﻋﻠﻰ وﺣﺪﺗﯿﻦ ﻗﯿﺎس ‪resistance A, B‬‬
‫ﯾﺘﻢ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻗﯿﻤﺔ ‪ R‬ﻋﻨﺪ درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة ‪ 75 °C‬درﺟﺔ وذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ‬
‫( =℃ ‪R 75‬‬ ‫‪) * Rm‬‬
‫‪Tm = temperature during measurement‬‬
‫‪Rm = measured value of resistance‬‬
‫ﻃﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ ‪:‬‬
‫‪KIT -AVO‬‬
‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪1 2 Transformer‬‬
‫‪Power‬‬ ‫‪3 4 5 ……. N‬‬ ‫‪r‬‬ ‫‪Potential input‬‬ ‫‪Test current Potential input‬‬
‫)‪30 VDC (A‬‬ ‫‪output‬‬ ‫)‪30 VDC (B‬‬
‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪s‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪T‬‬ ‫‪1 2‬‬ ‫‪3 4 5 ……. N‬‬
‫‪n‬‬
‫‪Taping‬‬
‫‪6‬‬
-: ‫ﺟﮭﺎز اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬
MEASUREMENT OF DC RESISTANCE
WINDING: H.V TEPM: ……… C

TAP TERMINAL TERMINAL TERMINAL Averag Rec/ph Winding
eRec/ph
1U-1N 1V-1N 1W-1N @Amb.Temp 75 °C Connection
(Ω)
1 0.520 0.519 0.520 0.5196 0.6195 STAR
2 0.511 0.510 0.510 0.5103 0.6084 STAR

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10 0.438 0.437 0.436 0.4370 0.5210 STAR
11 0.427 0.427 0.426 0.4266 0.5086 STAR

...
...
...
...
...
...
...
20 0.511 0.510 0.510 0.5103 0.6084 STAR
21 0.520 0.519 0.519 0.5193 0.6191 STAR
‫‪L.V.WINDING‬‬ ‫‪TEPM: ……... C‬‬
‫‪TAP TERMINAL TERMINAL TERMINAL Average‬‬ ‫‪Rec/ph Winding‬‬
‫‪2U1-2U2‬‬ ‫‪2V1-2V2‬‬ ‫‪2W1-2W2‬‬ ‫‪Rec/ph‬‬ ‫‪75 °C‬‬ ‫‪Connection‬‬

‫‪@Amb.Temp‬‬ ‫)‪(Ω‬‬
‫‪---‬‬ ‫‪3.65‬‬ ‫‪3.60‬‬ ‫‪3.62‬‬ ‫‪3.623‬‬ ‫‪4.319‬‬ ‫‪STAR‬‬
‫‪3 – Insulation resistance test of transformer winding (megger test):-‬‬
‫ﯾﺘﻢ إﺟﺮاء اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ‪ megger test‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺤﻮل وذﻟﻚ ﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺷﺪة اﻟﻌﺰل ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻔﺎت ﺑﯿﻨﮭﺎ وﺑﯿﻦ ﺑﻌﻀﮭﺎ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ وﺑﯿﻨﮭﺎ‬
‫وﺑﯿﻦ ﺟﺴﻢ اﻟﻤﺤﻮل )اﻟﻘﻠﺐ اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺪى( وھﻞ ﯾﻮﺟﺪ ﻗﺼﺮ أم ﻻ ‪.‬‬
‫)‪◙Instrument device:- megger (250 V : 5000 V‬‬
‫ﯾﺘﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻗﺼﺮ ‪ short‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻠﻔﺎت ‪ L V , H V‬ﺛﻢ ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻞ ﻣﻠﻔﺎت ‪ L V‬ﻣﻊ اﻻرض )‪ (L V + ground‬وﯾﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻞ ﺟﮭﺎز )‪(+‬‬
‫‪ megger‬ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ H V‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﮭﺪ ‪ 5 KV‬إذا ﻛﺎن أﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ او ﻓﻰ ﺣﺪود ذﻟﻚ ‪ 5 KV‬و )‪(-‬ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ground‬‬
‫واﻟﺤﻘﻦ ﻟﻤﺪة دﻗﯿﻘﺔ إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻘﯿﻤﺔ أﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪ 1 GΩ‬ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﻘﺒﻮﻟﺔ ﺛﻢ ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﻜﺮار ذﻟﻚ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻋﻠﻰ ‪L V side‬ﺑـــ‬
‫‪ 1 KV‬ﺛﻢ ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻞ )‪ (+‬ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ H V‬و )‪ (-‬ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ L V‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﮭﺪ ‪. 5 KV‬‬
‫وﯾﺠﺐ ﻋﻨﺪ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﻌﺰل أﺧﺬ ﻗﺮاءة اﻟﻌﺰل ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺪﻗﯿﻘﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﺛﻢ أﺧﺬ ﻗﺮاءة اﻟﻌﺰل ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺪﻗﯿﻘﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮة وﺣﺴﺎب‬
‫‪ polarization index‬ﻟﻠﻌﺰل وﯾﺠﺐ أن ﯾﻜﻮن أﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ )‪ (1.3‬وﯾﺠﺐ أن ﺗﺰﯾﺪ ﻗﯿﻤﺔ اﻟﻌﺰل ﻣﻊ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ‬
‫= ‪Polarization index = PI‬‬
‫‪Criteria PI > 1.3‬‬
‫‪8‬‬
‫‪Core megger test‬‬

‫ﯾﺘﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ ‪ megger‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻘﻠﺐ اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺪي ﻟﻠﻤﺤﻮل‪ .‬ﯾﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺤﻮﻻت اﻟﻜﺒﯿﺮة ﺗﺄرﯾﺾ ﻟﻠﻘﻠﺐ اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺪي )‪(core‬وذﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ‪ PUSHING‬اﺧﺘﺮاق ﻟﺠﺴﻢ اﻟﻤﺤﻮل ﻣﻦ أﻋﻠﻰ وﻣﺆرض ﻣﻊ ﺟﺴﻢ اﻟﻤﺤﻮل ‪.‬‬
‫‪Pushing‬‬ ‫ﻓﻚ وﺻﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﺄرﯾﺾ وﺣﻘﻦ ﺟﮭﺪ ‪1KV‬‬
‫‪Earthing‬‬
‫‪MEGGER‬‬
‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪1 2 Transformer‬‬

‫‪Power‬‬ ‫‪3 4 5 ……. N‬‬ ‫‪r‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪E‬‬
‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪s‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪T‬‬ ‫‪1 2‬‬ ‫‪3 4 5 ……. N‬‬
‫‪n‬‬
‫‪Taping‬‬
‫‪LV‬‬ ‫‪HV‬‬
‫‪HV‬‬ ‫‪LV‬‬
‫‪1KV‬‬ ‫‪1KV‬‬ ‫‪5KV‬‬
‫‪9‬‬
: ‫ﺟﮭﺎز اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬
Test Insulation resistance POLARIZATION

Measurements Voltage INDEX ( PI)
at TEMP. 30°C
(V) 1 min 10min
HV -(LV+ GND) 5000
LV-(HV+) 1000
HV-LV 5000
CORE- GND 1000
4– Calibration of winding and oil temperature sensors:-
‫ﯾﺘﻢ إﺟﺮاء ھﺬا اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻮﻗﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺤﻮﻻت ﻟﻠﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮭﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺢ وھﻲ ﻣﺤﺴﺎت درﺟﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺮارة ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻠﻔﺎت اﻟﻤﺤﻮل وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﺤﺲ درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﺰﯾﺖ‬
◙Instrument device:- Ω omega and boiler
10
‫ﻃﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر‪:‬‬
‫ﯾﺘﻢ ﻓﻚ ‪ sensor‬اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﺪرﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﺰﯾﺖ او اﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎت ووﺿﻌﮫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺠﻮﯾﻒ اﻟﻤﺨﺼﺺ ﻟﮫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻐﻼﯾﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ‬
‫ﺣﺠﻤﮫ ‪.‬ﺛﻢ ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻞ ھﺬه اﻟﻐﻼﯾﺔ ﺑﺠﮭﺎز اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﻐﻼﯾﺔ )‪ (omega‬واﺧﺬ ﻗﺮاءة اﻟﻌﺪاد وﻟﺘﻜﻦ ‪40‬‬
‫درﺟﺔ وﯾﺘﻢ ﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﺠﮭﺎز ﻋﻠﻰ درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة وﻟﺘﻜﻦ ‪ 50‬درﺟﺔ واﻻﻧﺘﻈﺎر ﺣﺘﻰ ﺗﺼﻞ اﻟﻐﻼﯾﺔ ﻟﮭﺬه اﻟﻘﯿﻤﺔ واﺧﺬ ﻗﺮاءة‬
‫اﻟﻌﺪاد وﻟﯿﻜﻦ ‪ 49‬درﺟﺔ وﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﺨﻄﺄ ‪ .‬وﺗﻜﺮار اﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻘﯿﻢ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ ℃ ‪ 120 ℃ ، 100 ℃ ، 80‬و‬
‫℃ ‪140‬‬
‫ﻃﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ ‪-:‬‬

‫‪Ammeter‬‬ ‫‪Sensor‬‬
‫‪Control cable‬‬
‫‪Remove‬‬
‫‪Transformer‬‬
‫‪°C‬‬ ‫‪Sensor‬‬
‫‪Omega‬‬ ‫‪Boiler‬‬
‫‪B Roman‬‬
‫ﺟﮭﺎز اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر ‪:‬‬
‫ﺟﺪول اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‪:‬‬
‫‪CALIBRATION OF TEMP. INDICATORS:‬‬

‫‪11‬‬
‫‪REF. TEMP°C‬‬ ‫‪70‬‬ ‫‪80‬‬ ‫‪90‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪110‬‬ ‫‪120‬‬
‫‪WTI LV °C‬‬ ‫‪68‬‬ ‫‪78‬‬ ‫‪88‬‬ ‫‪97‬‬ ‫‪108‬‬ ‫‪118‬‬
‫‪OTI‬‬ ‫‪°C‬‬ ‫‪70‬‬ ‫‪80‬‬ ‫‪90‬‬ ‫‪98‬‬ ‫‪109‬‬ ‫‪119‬‬
‫‪WTI HV °C‬‬ ‫‪69‬‬ ‫‪79‬‬ ‫‪88‬‬ ‫‪98‬‬ ‫‪108‬‬ ‫‪118‬‬
‫وﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﯾﻜﻮن ﻣﺤﺲ ‪ sensor‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎت ﻣﻦ ﺟﮭﺔ ‪ LV side‬إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻤﺤﻮﻻت ﺻﻐﯿﺮة وﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻮﻻت‬
‫اﻟﻜﺒﯿﺮة ﯾﻜﻮن ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ‪ LV‬و ‪HV‬‬
‫‪5– Oil breaker down voltage (BDV) :-‬‬
‫ﯾﺘﻢ ھﺬا اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻟﺘﺤﺪﯾﺪ ﻗﯿﻤﺔ ﺷﺪة ﻋﺰل اﻟﺰﯾﺖ داﺧﻞ اﻟﻤﺤﻮل وﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ھﺬة اﻟﻘﯿﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺪود اﻟﻤﻘﺒﻮﻟﺔ أم ﻻ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺰﯾﺖ اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪ ﯾﻜﻮن أﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪ 50 KV‬وﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺰﯾﺖ اﻟﻘﺪﯾﻢ ﯾﻜﻮن أﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪40 KV‬‬
‫‪◙Instrument device:- Oil tester‬‬
‫ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﺠﻔﯿﻒ ﺑﻮﺗﻘﺔ اﻟﺠﮭﺎز وﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﺠﮭﺎز ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﻘﺪارھﺎ )‪ (2.5 mm‬واﺧﺬ ﻋﯿﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺤﻮل ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﮭﺮﯾﺐ ﺟﺰء‬
‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺰﯾﺖ أوﻻ ﺛﻢ أﺧﺬ ﻋﯿﻨﺔ اﻟﺰﯾﺖ ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ ووﺿﻌﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻮﺗﻘﺔ اﻟﺠﮭﺎز واﻹﻧﺘﻈﺎر ﻟﻤﺪة ‪ 5‬دﻗﺎﺋﻖ ﻟﺘﺮﺳﯿﺐ اﻟﺰﯾﺖ ﺛﻢ‬
‫ﺑﺪء اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر وأﺧﺬ ‪ 6‬ﻗﺮاءات وﺑﯿﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻗﺮاءة واﻷﺧﺮى ﻣﺪة دﻗﯿﻘﺘﯿﻦ وﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ھﺬه اﻟﻘﺮاءات‬
‫‪Process‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪Open sample valve‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪Remove same oil and then take a sample‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪Put this sample in the tester‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪Adjust distance between two pool 2.5 mm‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪Wait 5 minute until completing oil filtration‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪Start testing‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪Take one Broke, wait two minute this automatic in the device take 2,3,4,5,6‬‬
‫‪and calculate average .‬‬
‫‪New oil up 50 KV is ok and old oil up 40 KV is ok‬‬
‫ﺟﮭﺎز اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر‪:‬‬
‫‪12‬‬
:‫ﺟﺪول اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬
OIL DIELECTRIC STRENGTH:

ELECTRODE FORM: SPHERE (0 12.5 / 13 MM)
DISTANCE 2.5 MM IEC
MINIMUM STRENGTH 50 KV
13
‫‪BREAKDOWNV‬‬ ‫‪BREAKDOWN‬‬
‫‪SAMPLE LOCATION‬‬ ‫‪TEST‬‬
‫)‪OLTAGE (kV‬‬ ‫)‪VOLTAGE (kV‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪71.7‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪88.8‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪77.2‬‬ ‫‪76.7‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪78.7‬‬
‫‪TRANSFORMER TOP‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪70.6‬‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪72.9‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪77.1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪76.8‬‬
‫‪TRANSFORMER‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪65.8‬‬ ‫‪70.7‬‬
‫‪BOTTOM‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪74.0‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪66.4‬‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪63.8‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪72.9‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪69.7‬‬
‫‪O. L. T. C‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪73.4‬‬ ‫‪64.1‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪56.5‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪43.2‬‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪69.1‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪49.0‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪60.5‬‬
‫‪CONSERVATOR‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪60.9‬‬ ‫‪60.2‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪59.4‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪67.3‬‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪64.1‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪CABLE BOX‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫ﯾﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﻌﺰل إذا ﻛﺎن أﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪50 KV‬‬
‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺔ ‪ :‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺤﻮﻻت اﻟﻜﺒﯿﺮة ﯾﺘﻢ أﺧﺬ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻋﯿﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻨﻚ اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﻲ ‪،‬ﺗﻨﻚ اﻟﺘﻤﺪد وﺗﻨﻚ ‪tapping‬‬
‫وأﺣﯿﺎﻧﺎ ﯾﺆﺧﺬ ﻋﯿﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ أﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻨﻚ وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ أﺳﻔﻞ اﻟﺘﻨﻚ‪.‬‬
‫أﻣﺎﻛﻦ أﺧﺬ اﻟﻌﯿﻨﺎت‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬أﺳﻔﻞ اﻟﺘﻨﻚ اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﻲ‬

‫‪ .2‬أﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻨﻚ اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﻲ‬
‫‪14‬‬
OLTC ‫ﻣﻦ‬ .3
‫ اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻨﻚ اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﻲ‬conservator ‫ﺗﻨﻚ‬ .4
OLTC ‫ اﻟﺨﺎص‬conservator ‫ﺗﻨﻚ‬ .5
cable box ‫ اﻟﺨﺎص‬conservator ‫ﺗﻨﻚ‬ .6
6 – Magnetizing current test (No load current test)
‫( وھﺬا ﯾﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﺔ اﻟﻘﻠﺐ‬Iron loss ) ‫ﯾﺘﻢ ھﺬا اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﺑﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﻔﺎﻗﯿﺪ اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺪﯾﺔ ﻟﻘﻠﺐ اﻟﻤﺤﻮل‬
.‫اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺪي )ﺷﺮاﺋﺢ اﻟﺼﻠﺐ اﻟﺴﯿﻠﻜﻮﻧﻲ( وﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺪى اﻟﻌﺰل ﻟﮫ وﺿﻐﻄﺔ‬
Power loss=Wi +Wcu=no load power+I^².R= constant + variable
WI=No load power =IRONLOSS
◙Instrument device:- No device. Only power supply, voltammeter and

ammeter (clamp meter)
: (3ф) ‫ﻃﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ‬

U
U
Power
supply N
V OPEN
380V
AC 3ф v V
w W
A
‫ ﻣﻔﺘﻮح وﻗﯿﺎس اﻟﺘﯿﺎر‬LV ‫ وﺗﺮك‬HV ‫( ﻋﻠﻰ‬3∅) ‫ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﺤﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺼﺪر ﺟﮭﺪ‬
 Three phase voltage applied on HV side, by keeping LV side open.

 Current measurement carried at HV terminals.
15
For example ‫∆ ـــ‬/Y 13.8 KV/480 V 5 – taps
Tap no Applied voltage at primary winding Magnetizing current in mA at primary

winding
U-V V–W W–U IU IV IW
1 367.9 353.4 363.1 18.5 12.3 12.9
3 367.2 353.4 363.3 18.9 12.9 13.3
5 376.8 353.6 363.6 20.8 14.4 14.3
Criteria value <± 5 % between test and factory test report FAT
: (1ф) ‫ﻃﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ‬

U
U
Power
supply N
V OPEN
380V
AC 3ф v V
w W
A
. ‫ وﻗﯿﺎس اﻟﺘﯿﺎر اﻟﺬى ﯾﻤﺮ ﻓﻰ ھﺬا اﻟﺤﻘﻦ‬2U1,2U2 ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬220V single phase ‫ﯾﺘﻢ ﺣﻘﻦ ﺟﮭﺪ‬
WI = I*V Per phase
WI=√3 (I*V)
Measurement of single phase no load current at 380 V, 60HZ
Applied 2U1-2U2 2V1-2V2 2W1-2W2

Voltage 379.0 380 380
Current 135mA 86.97mA 170 mA
16
‫‪7- Vector group test :‬‬
‫ﯾﺘﻢ إﺟﺮاء ھﺬا اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻟﺘﺤﺪﯾﺪ زاوﯾﺔ اﻹزاﺣﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎت اﻻﺑﺘﺪاﺋﯿﺔ واﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎت اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮﯾﺔ ‪ vector group‬ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺤﻮﻻت وذﻟﻚ ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ واﻟﺪﺧﻮل ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪◙Instrument device:- No device:3∅ power supply ,C.B 3∅ , terminals , plate and‬‬

‫‪multimeter‬‬
‫ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﺠﮭﯿﺰ ﻣﺼﺪر ﺟﮭﺪ ‪ three phase‬ﺑﺄي ﻗﯿﻤﺔ ‪ 220 v ,380 v,480 v‬وﺗﻮﺻﯿﻠﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ )‪ (3∅ -C.B‬ﺛﻢ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ terminal‬ﺛﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ HV side‬وﻋﻤﻞ ‪ short circuit‬ﻋﻠﻰ ‪phase R in HV and LV‬‬
‫)‪(1U&2U‬ورﺟﻮع ﺑﻜﺎﺑﻼت ﻣﻦ ‪LV‬ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ terminal‬ﻟﻠﻘﯿﺎس ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫‪2N‬‬ ‫‪2U‬‬ ‫‪2V‬‬ ‫‪2W‬‬

‫‪LV‬‬ ‫‪Transformer‬‬
‫‪3ф Power supply‬‬
‫‪1U‬‬ ‫‪1V‬‬ ‫‪1W‬‬ ‫‪HV‬‬
‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪T N‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪T‬‬ ‫‪N‬‬

‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪T N‬‬
‫‪17‬‬
: ‫ﺟﺪول اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺢ‬
VECTOR GROUP CHECK:

SHORT PHASE 1U (HV) AND PHASE 2U (LV)
SUPPLY VOLTS (HV.V)
1U-1V
1V-1W
1W-1U
1U-1N
MEASURE: (VOLTS)
TERMINAL VOLTAGE (V) TERMINAL VOLTAGE (V) TERMINAL VOLTAGE (V)
1U-2U 1U-1N 1V-2W

1U-2V 1V-2U 1V-1N
1U-2W 1V-2V 1W-2U
1W-2V 1W-2W 1W-1N
SKETCH FROM MEASUREMENTS:

1. Dyn1
1W-2W = 1W-2V=1V-2V < 1V-2W 2U,1U
2W
N
2V 1V
1W
18
2. Dyn11
1W-2W = 1V-2W=1V-2V < 1W-2V 1U, 2U
2V
2W
1W
1V
3. Dyn5
1W-2W = 1V-2V=1V-2W > 1W-2V 2W
2V
1U
2U
1V
1W
4. YNd1
1W-2V = 1W-2W=1V-2V< 1V-2W

2U, 1U
2W
2V
1V
1W
5. YNd11
1U, 2U
19
2V
2W
1V-2V = 1V-2W=1W-2W < 1W-2V
6. YNd5
1V-2V = 1V-2W=1W-2W > 1W-2V 2W

2V
2U, 1U
1V
1W
7. DNy7
2V
1V-2V = 1W-2V=1W-2W > 1V-2W
2W
2U, 1U
2V
1W
8. Dyn7
2V
20
2U, 1U 2W
‫‪1V-2V = 1W-2V=1W-2W > 1V-2‬‬
‫‪8 – secondary current injection for winding temperature indication:‬‬
‫ﯾﺘﻢ إﺟﺮاء ھﺬا اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻟﻠﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ارﺗﻔﺎع درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﻤﺒﯿﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ زﯾﺎدة اﻟﺘﯿﺎر اﻟﻤﺎر ﻓﯿﮫ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ‪current‬‬
‫‪. transformer‬‬
‫ﯾﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻗﯿﻤﺔ درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة أﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺒﯿﻦ اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﺨﺎص ‪ winding‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﺒﯿﻦ درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﺰﯾﺖ‪ .‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫ﯾﺠﺐ وﺿﻊ ﻣﺸﻐﻞ ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺘﺒﺮﯾﺪ )اﻟﻤﺮاوح ‪ ( fans‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺒﯿﻦ ‪winding temperature‬‬
‫)‪◙Instrument device:- SVERKER(760‬‬
‫ﯾﺘﻢ ﺣﻘﻦ ﺗﯿﺎر ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ secondary injection for winding temperature indication‬وأﺧﺬ درﺟﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺮارة ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺤﻘﻦ ﺛﻢ ﻛﻞ ‪ 5‬دﻗﺎﺋﻖ ﯾﺘﻢ أﺧﺬ اﻟﻘﺮاءة ﺣﺘﻰ ﯾﺼﻞ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ اﻟﻰ ‪ 45‬دﻗﯿﻘﺔ وﯾﻼﺣﻆ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺪاﯾﺔ ﻛﻮن اﻟﺰﯾﺎدة‬
‫ﻛﺒﯿﺮة ﺛﻢ ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﺗﻘﻞ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺗﺼﻞ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺜﺒﺎت وﻻ ﺗﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻣﻊ زﯾﺎدة اﻟﺰﻣﻦ‪.‬‬
‫وﯾﺘﻢ اﻟﺤﻘﻦ ﺑﻘﯿﻤﺔ ‪ 1A,2A,5A rated value for sec‬ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺤﻮل اﻟﺘﯿﺎر‬
‫‪21‬‬
: ‫ﻃﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ‬
Terminal
HV side
LV side
Transformer
Plan
Transformer
Indicator
0 1
SVERKER760
Elevation
:‫ﺟﮭﺎز اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬
22
Reading
Time (min) Temp. reading lv2
0 44
5 54
10 63
15 67
20 70
25 70,5
30 70,5
35 71
40 71
45 71
Oil temp. at start (A) 44

Oil temp. at end (B) 46
Winding temp. before current injection (C) 44
Winding temp. after 45 min (D) 71
Simulated temp. rise measured: ((D-C)-(B-A)) 25
9 - Function checks :
‫ﯾﺘﻢ إﺟﺮاء ھﺬا اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻟﻠﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻻﺟﮭﺰة اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺤﻮل ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺟﯿﺪا واﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻼت ﺑﯿﻨﮭﺎ وﺑﯿﻦ‬
. ‫ﺧﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺟﯿﺪة وﻣﻮﺻﻠﺔ وﺳﻠﯿﻤﺔ‬
◙Instrument device:- Digital Multimeter
: ‫ﻃﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬
1-Buchholz relay
:‫ ﻟﻠﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮫ ﺑﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ ﺻﺤﯿﺤﺔ وﯾﺘﻢ ھﺬا ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬BR ‫ﯾﺘﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬
23
‫‪ (1‬اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻮﺳﺘﺔ اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﺔ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺿﻐﻄﺔ واﻟﻘﯿﺎس ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ‪ alarm‬ھﻞ أﺻﺒﺤﺖ ‪ close‬أم ﻣﺎ زاﻟﺖ‬
‫‪ (buzz) open‬وﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ‪ close‬ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻻوﻟﻰ )‪(ok‬‬
‫‪ (2‬اﺳﺘﻜﻤﺎل اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﻮﺳﺘﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ اﻟﻨﮭﺎﯾﺔ واﻟﻘﯿﺎس ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ‪ trip‬وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ‪ alarm‬ھﻞ أﺻﺒﺤﺖ ‪ close‬أم‬
‫ﻻ وﺣﺎﻟﺔ ‪ close‬ﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﺠﮭﺎز ﯾﻌﻤﻞ ﺟﯿﺪا ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺔ ‪ :‬ﻓﺘﺢ اﻟﻐﻄﺎء اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮد ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﻮﺳﺘﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ ﯾﺘﻢ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﺛﻢ ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺒﺔ ﻣﺮة أﺧﺮى وﻛﺬﻟﻚ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ اﻟﻰ اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﯿﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪2-Pressure relief device‬‬
‫ﯾﻮﺟﺪ ‪ limit switch‬ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ diaphragm‬ﯾﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻮﺳﺘﺔ إﺣﺪاھﻤﺎ ‪ trip‬واﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ‪ rest‬ﻟﮫ ‪.‬‬
‫‪3-Oil level gauge‬‬

‫‪24‬‬
‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻟﻌﺪاد ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﺰﯾﺖ ﻣﻊ اﻧﺨﻔﺎض اﻟﺰﯾﺖ ﯾﻌﻄﻲ ‪ alarm‬وﻣﻊ زﯾﺎدة اﻻﻧﺨﻔﺎض ﯾﻌﻄﻲ ‪ trip‬وﯾﺘﻢ ھﺬا‬
‫اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ (1‬ﻓﻚ اﻟﻌﺪاد وﻟﻔﮫ وھﻮ ﻣﻼﺻﻖ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة ﺣﺘﻰ ﯾﻠﻒ اﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮ اﻟﻰ اﻟﻘﯿﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ ﺛﻢ اﺳﺘﻜﻤﺎل اﻟﻠﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪trip‬‬
‫رﺳـــــﻢ ﻣـــﺆﺷﺮ ‪close‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ﻓﻚ اﻟﻐﻄﺎء اﻟﺰﺟﺎﺟﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﺪاد وﺗﺤﺮﯾﻚ اﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮ ﻻﺳﻔﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﯿﺪ ﺣﺘﻰ ‪A,T‬‬
‫‪4-Oil temp IND‬‬

‫‪5-Winding temp IND‬‬
‫ﯾﺘﻢ ﻓﻚ اﻟﻐﻄﺎء اﻟﺰﺟﺎﺟﻲ وﺗﺤﺮﯾﻚ اﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮ ﻓﻲ إﺗﺠﺎه زﯾﺎدة اﻟﺤﺮارة ﺣﺘﻰ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ‪ alarm‬ﺗﻐﻠﻖ ﺛﻢ اﻟﺰﯾﺎدة ﻓﻲ اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع‬
‫ﺣﺘﻰ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ‪ trip‬ﺗﻐﻠﻖ‪.‬‬
‫وﯾﻤﻜﻦ إﺟﺮاء ھﺬا اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻣﻊ ‪ calibration of winding or oil‬وﻗﯿﺎس اﻟﻨﻘﺎط ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻮﺻﻮل اﻟﻰ ﺣﺪود ‪A,T‬‬
‫ﯾﺘﻢ إﺟﺮاء اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ‪ megger‬ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ terminal‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪25‬‬
AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT:
IR 500V (M  ) FUNCTION
TERMINALS CONTACT WIRING
DESCRIPTION ACROSS TO
CONTACTS EARTH
1. OIL LEVEL INDC. MIN. X13;6,36
TRAFO. MAX-.X13;7,39
2. OIL LEVEL INDC. MIN-.X13;8,37
OLTC MAX-.X13;9,40
MIN.X13;10,38
.3 OIL LEVEL INDC.
CA BLE BOX MAX.X13;11,41
4- BUCHHLZ ELAY ALARM X13;1,31
MAIN TANK TRIP X13;16,46
5. PRESSURE RELIEF TRIP X13;19,49

X13;20,50
VENT TRAFO
6. PRESSURE RELIEF TRIP-X13;21,51
VENT OLTC
ALARM -13.13,43
7. OIL TEMPERATURE
INDICATOR ASJK TRIP

X13.27,57
ALARM X13;15,45
8. WINDING TEMP. LV
TRIP- X13;29,59
26
ALARM -13;14,44
9. WINDING TEMP. HV
TRIP -X13;28,58
10. RAPID PRESSURE TRIP- X13;18,48

RISE RELAY
STAGE 1:
Fan Start: 80° C
11. WINDING TEMP STAGE 2:
INDICATOR HV Fan Start: 90 ° C
ALARM :105° C
TRIP:120° C
STAGE 1:
Fan Start: 80° C

12. WINDING TEMP
INDICATOR LV STAGE 2:
MAN: Fan Start: 90° C
TYPE:
ALARM :105° C
SERIAL #:
TRIP:120° C
STAGE 1:
Fan Start: 70° C

13. OIL TEMP INDICATOR Fan Stop:60° C
STAGE 2:
Fan Start: 80° C

Fan Stop:70 ° C
ALARM :90° C
TRIP: 105° C
14.PROTECTIVE RELAY TRIP

OLTC X;13,17,47
27
ALARM
15 BUCHHOLZ RELAY
X13;2,32
CABLE BOX HV1
TRIP X13;22,52
ALARM
16 BUCHHOLZ RELAY
X13;3,33
CABLE BOX HV2
TRIP X13;23,53
ALARM
17 BUCHHOLZ RELAY
X13;4,34
CABLE BOX HV3
TRIP X13;24,54
ALARM
18 BUCHHOLZ RELAY
X13;5,35
CABLE BOX HV4
TRIP X13;25,55
10- Cooling system check
‫ وﺟﻤﯿﻊ‬manual ‫ و‬auto ‫ﯾﺘﻢ إﺟﺮاء ھﺬا اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻟﻠﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ان ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺘﺒﺮﯾﺪ ﯾﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺻﺤﯿﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ وﺿﻊ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮواح ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺳﻠﯿﻢ‬
◙Instrument device:- megger, multimeter, clap meter, stopwatch
28
‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﻗﯿﺎس اﻟﻌﺰل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﻤﺮواح ‪megger test winding +ground‬‬
‫ﺗﺸﻐﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﺮواح وﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ إﺗﺠﺎه اﻟﺪوران ‪+ve sequence‬‬
‫ﺗﺸﻐﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﺮوﺣﮫ وﻗﯿﺎس ﺗﯿﺎر اﻟﺒﺪء وﺗﯿﺎر اﻟﺘﺸﻐﯿﻞ ﺿﺒﻂ ‪over current‬‬
‫ﻓﻚ أﺣﺪ أﻃﺮاف اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ وﺗﺸﻐﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﻮﺗﻮر واﻟﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ ‪ trip‬وﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺗﯿﺎر اﻟﻔﺼﻞ وزﻣﻨﮫ ﯾﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ 2ф‬ﻓﻘﻂ‬
‫وذﻟﻚ ﯾﺘﻌﺪى ﺗﯿﺎر ‪ over load‬وﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﺘﯿﺎر ﻓﻰ ھﺬه اﻟﺤﺎﻟﮫ ‪2‬ﺗﯿﺎر اﻟﺘﺸﻐﯿﻞ‪ 2IR‬وﻻﯾﺪور اﻟﻤﻮﺗﻮر و ﯾﺠﺐ أن ﯾﻜﻮن‬
‫زﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ أﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ‪ 60‬ﺛﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬
‫‪COOLING SYSTEM:‬‬ ‫ﻓﺤﺺ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺮﻛﺎت واﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻼت و‪contactor‬‬

‫‪MANUF.‬‬ ‫‪TYPE‬‬ ‫‪POWER‬‬ ‫‪CURRENT‬‬
‫‪MOTOR‬‬ ‫‪KRENZ‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪.5 HP‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪OVERLOAD‬‬ ‫‪TELEMECANQUE‬‬ ‫‪GV2MO6‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪1.6A‬‬
‫‪FAN3#‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬

‫‪SERIAL#‬‬ ‫‪3.61008‬‬ ‫‪3.61018‬‬ ‫‪3.61013‬‬ ‫‪3.61010‬‬ ‫‪3.61006‬‬ ‫‪3.61009‬‬ ‫‪3.61014‬‬
‫)‪IR 1000V(G‬‬ ‫‪21.6‬‬ ‫‪24.74‬‬ ‫‪27.5‬‬ ‫‪24.9‬‬ ‫‪31.0‬‬ ‫‪38.2‬‬ ‫‪18.5‬‬
‫‪STARTING CURRENT‬‬ ‫‪4.91‬‬ ‫‪4.74‬‬ ‫‪4.86‬‬ ‫‪4.94‬‬ ‫‪4.84‬‬ ‫‪4.70‬‬ ‫‪4.94‬‬
‫)‪(AMP‬‬
‫‪RUNNING CURRENT‬‬ ‫‪0.86‬‬ ‫‪0.84‬‬ ‫‪0.86‬‬ ‫‪0.86‬‬ ‫‪0.84‬‬ ‫‪0,90‬‬ ‫‪0.91‬‬
‫)‪(AMP‬‬
‫‪ROTATION‬‬ ‫‪OK‬‬ ‫‪OK‬‬ ‫‪OK‬‬ ‫‪OK‬‬ ‫‪OK‬‬ ‫‪OK‬‬ ‫‪OK‬‬
‫‪OVERLOAD‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫)‪CURRENT SET (AMP‬‬
‫‪TIME TO TRIP WITH‬‬ ‫‪1.33/9‬‬ ‫‪1.32/10‬‬ ‫‪1.31/10‬‬ ‫‪1.31/10‬‬ ‫‪1.31/9‬‬ ‫‪1.30/10‬‬ ‫‪1.30/10‬‬
‫‪1PHASE OUT‬‬
‫)‪(AMP/SEC‬‬
‫‪29‬‬
11-TAN δ TEST (POWER FACTOR TEST)
capacitance‫ﯾﺘﻢ إﺟﺮاء اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺷﺪة ﻋﺰل اﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺤﻮل وذﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻗﯿﺎس‬
tanδ=cosδ ‫وﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬
Instrument device: DELTA-2000
: ‫ﻃﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬
HV‫ واﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﮫ‬control ‫ﺟﮭﺎز اﻟﻘﯿﺎس ﯾﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ وﺣﺪﺗﯿﻦ إﺣﺪاھﻤﺎ‬
LV ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻃﺮاف‬short circuit ‫ﯾﺘﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ‬
Neutral ‫ وﯾﺘﻢ ﻓﺼﻞ اﻷرﺿﻲ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮف‬HV‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬short circuit ‫ﯾﺘﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ‬
10KV ‫ﺟﮭﺪ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬
: ‫اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻻول‬
RED CABLE ‫ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬LV SIDE ‫ واﻟﻘﯿﺎس ﻣﻦ‬HV SIDE ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻃﺮاف‬HV‫ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻞ اﻟﺠﮭﺪ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬
‫وإﺟﺮاء ﺛﻼث اﺧﺘﺒﺎرات‬
1-GST (ground specimen test) GROUND
Measure for (CHG+CHL)
2-GST (ground specimen test) GUARD
Measure for (CHG)
1-UST (ungrounded specimen test)
Measure for (CHL)
Check test (test 1= test 2+ test 3)
: ‫اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ‬
HV side ‫ و اﻟﻘﯿﺎس ﻣﻦ‬LV side ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬10KV ‫ﻧﻔﺲ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ وﻟﻜﻦ ﯾﺘﻢ ﺣﻘﻦ‬
30
‫رﺳﻢ اﻟﺠﮭﺎز‪:‬‬
‫‪31‬‬
‫‪32‬‬
I
Ic
HV Lead CHG 33
Delta – 2000 CHL
test set δ
Lv lead
Calculate tan δ
Tan =
Sin = ∅
→ ≅0
∅ →≅ 90
∅
cos ≅ 1, tan∅ = , COS∅ =
∅
∅ ∅
Tan = = = cos∅.
: ‫ﻃﺮﯾﻘﺔ ﺗﺸﻐﯿﻞ اﻟﺠﮭﺎز‬
1. power on
2. push new test key
3. select test ( UST,GST ug , GST)
4. start test with two safety key in cable pushed
5. increasing voltage slowly reach to 10KV
6. push measuring key and wait out resulted
7. decreasing voltage to zero
8. Power off.
34
Equivalent to
% Power
10KV
CAPACITANCE C (PF)
Insulation Tested Test Connections Factor
(windings) Equivalent to
Test Mode 2.5KV
Test
Test
Measured
20˚C PF
WATTS
C.F
mA
EN GND GAR US
G T
0.120
1 CHG+ GST H L T 10 11776.0 44.63 0.815
CHL
GND
2 CHG GST H L,T 10 0.160 14.38
3 CHL UST H 10 0.113 30.12
4 CHL - Test 1 Minus Test 2
5 CLG+ GST 10 0.154 60.59

CHL
GND
6 CLG GST 10 0.194 18.14
7 CHL UST 10 0.134
8 CHL - Test 5 Minus Test 6
9 CHG - CGH Minus High Bush.
10 CLG - CLG Minus Low Bush.
35
12-TANδ TEST POWER FACTOR for pushing transformer
HV ‫ ﻓﻘﻂ‬pushing ‫ھﻮ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ‬

Device
‫( ﻓﻘﻂ‬UST ) : ‫ﻃﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬
Test
Red
PUSHING TESTS
Equivalent to
Pushing .NO.SER O.
% Power Factor 10 KV
Test CAPACITA
Test Test Equivalent to
No. NCE
2.5KV
Mode KV
C (PF)
Measu 20˚C
C.F mA Watts
red %PF
11 UST 10 303 0.20% 1.142 0.022
12 UST 10 301.1 0.20% 1.135 0.022

HI .KV
13 UST 10 292.97 0.20% 1.104 0.021
14 UST 10 245.72 0.19% 0.925 0.0176
15 UST
16 UST
17 UST
LO .KV
18 UST
19 UST
20 UST
36
‫ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻞ )‪ (HV‬أﻋﻠﻰ ‪ pushing‬ﻓﻚ ﻏﻄﺎء ‪ ( test ) earthing pin‬وﺗﻮﺻﯿﻞ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ‪measuring‬‬

‫)‪ ، (red‬ﺛﻢ ﺣﻘﻦ‪ 10 KV‬ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ pushing‬وﻗﯿﺎس )‪ (c1,pf‬ﺛﻢ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ و اﻟﺤﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ pin‬و اﻟﻘﯿﺎس‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ pushing‬ﻣﻦ أﻋﻠﻰ وذﻟﻚ ﻗﯿﺎس )‪ (c2,pf‬وﻟﻜﻦ ھﺬا اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﯾﻜﻮن ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻊ ﻓﻘﻂ وﻻ ﯾﻨﻔﺬ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﺪول اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺔ ‪ :‬ﯾﺠﺐ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﺠﮭﺎز و اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ 2KV‬ﻓﻘﻂ أوﻻ ﺛﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ )‪.(10kv‬‬
‫‪13- Impedance test:‬‬
‫‪13-A-single phase impedance test‬‬
‫‪U‬‬
‫‪U‬‬ ‫‪Power‬‬
‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪supply‬‬
‫‪Short‬‬ ‫‪220V‬‬
‫‪N‬‬
‫‪AC 1ф‬‬
‫‪v‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬
‫‪w‬‬ ‫‪W‬‬
‫‪HV‬‬ ‫‪LV‬‬
‫ﯾﺘﻢ ﺣﻘﻦ ﻓﻮﻟﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ HV‬وﻋﻤﻞ ‪ short‬ﻋﻤﻞ ‪ short‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ ﺛﻢ ﻗﯿﺎس اﻟﺘﯿﺎر واﻟﺠﮭﺪ وﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ‪R‬‬
‫وﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﻤﻌﺎوﻗﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن‪.‬‬
‫‪%‬‬ ‫∗‬
‫=‪Z%‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪x100=Z% per phase‬‬
‫‪%‬‬ ‫∗‬
‫أو اﻟﻌﻜﺲ ﻣﻦ ‪ LV‬وﻋﻤﻞ‪ SHORT‬ﻋﻠﻰ ‪HV‬‬
‫‪Z% Main =√3*Z% per phase‬‬
‫‪Z+=Z-‬‬
‫‪MEASUREMENT OF SINGLE PHASE IMPEDENCE‬‬
‫‪37‬‬
Tap Supply 1U-1N Short Supply 1V-1N Short Supply 1W-1N Short
2U1-2U2 2V1-2V2 2W1-2W2
U(V) I(A) Z% V(V) I(A) Z% W(V) I(A) Z%
13-B-Three phase impedance test
U
U A
V Power
supply
N
380V
v V AC 3ф
w W
HV LV
14-zero impedance test:
star ‫ وذﻟﻚ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﯾﺘﻢ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻠﺔ‬zero ‫ﯾﺘﻢ إﺟﺮاء اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻗﯿﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺎوﻗﮫ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬
U
A
Power
N V supply
V 220V
W AC 1ф
38
‫‪ Short R, Y and B on HV side.‬‬
‫‪ Single phase voltage applied on HV side ,by keeping LV side OPEN‬‬
‫‪ Measure the voltage & current on HV side‬‬
‫‪Zero sequence impedance‬‬

‫‪measurement‬‬
‫‪TAP.NO‬‬ ‫‪Zo%‬‬
‫)‪Voltage (V‬‬ ‫)‪Current (A‬‬
‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪225.7‬‬ ‫‪46.7‬‬ ‫‪12.4822‬‬
‫‪3V / I‬‬
‫‪Zo % ‬‬ ‫‪* 100‬‬
‫‪rated , voltage / rated , current‬‬
‫‪15-On load tap changer test (OLTC):‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﯾﺘﻢ وﺿﻊ ﯾﺪ اﻟﺘﺪوﯾﺮ )اﻟﺘﻐﯿﺮ( ﯾﺪوﯾﺎ وﻣﺤﺎوﻟﺔ اﻟﺮﻓﻊ واﻟﺨﻔﺾ ﻛﮭﺮﺑﯿﺎ وﯾﺠﺐ اﻻ ﯾﺴﺘﺠﯿﺐ إﻟﻰ اﻷﻣﺮ‬
‫ﻛﮭﺮﺑﻰ‬
‫‪ ‬ﯾﺠﺐ اﻟﻮﺻﻮل اﻟﻰ ‪ tap.No1‬وإﻋﻄﺎء أﻣﺮ ﺧﻔﺾ ﻓﯿﺠﺐ اﻻ ﯾﺴﺘﺠﯿﺐ ﻛﮭﺮﺑﯿﺎ‬
‫‪ ‬ﯾﺠﺐ اﻟﻮﺻﻮل اﻟﻰ اﺧﺮ ‪ tap No‬وإﻋﻄﺎء أﻣﺮ رﻓﻊ ﺑﻌﺪھﺎ ﻓﯿﺠﺐ اﻻ ﯾﺴﺘﺠﯿﺐ ﻛﮭﺮﺑﯿﺎ‬
‫‪ ‬ﯾﺠﺐ اﻟﻮﺻﻮل اﻟﻰ ‪ tap.No1‬واﻟﺘﺪوﯾﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﯿﺪ ﻟﻠﺨﻔﺾ ﻓﺘﺪور اﻟﯿﺪ ﻋﺪة ﻣﺮات ﺛﻢ ﺗﻘﻒ‬
‫‪ ‬ﯾﺠﺐ اﻟﻮﺻﻮل اﻟﻰ آﺧﺮ ‪ tap No‬واﻟﺘﺪوﯾﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﯿﺪ ﻟﻠﺮﻓﻊ ﻓﺘﺪور اﻟﯿﺪ ﻋﺪة ﻣﺮات ﺛﻢ ﺗﻘﻒ‬
‫‪ ‬ﯾﺠﺐ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺪوران ﺑﺎﻟﯿﺪ أن ﯾﻔﺼﻞ ﻣﻔﺘﺎح ‪ main CB‬اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﺘﺸﻐﯿﻠﮫ أوﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﯿﻜﯿﺎ‬
‫‪ ‬ﯾﺠﺐ أن ﯾﻌﻤﻞ ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﻔﻠﺘﺮة ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﻐﯿﺮ ﻛﻞ ‪ tap‬إذا ﻛﺎن ھﺬا اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺤﻮل‬
‫‪39‬‬
TAP CHANGER DRIVING MECHANISM: 
MANUFACTURER
_________________________________________________
TYPE ______________________SERIAL
NO.____________________________
MOTOR VOLTAGE_________________RATING
________________________
SERIAL NO.____________________________
REVOLUTIONS REQ’D TO CHANGE TAP_____________________________
(MANUAL OPERATION)
TAP CHANGER SELECTOR AND DIVERTER SWITCH
MANUFACTURER__________________________YEAR
__________________
TYPE ______________________ SERIAL NO.
___________________________
NO. OF TAPS_________________NORMAL
TAP_________________________
VOLTAGE
RANGE__________________________________________________
1 CHECK THE MECHANICL OPERATION
2 CHECK INSULATION RESISTANCE

(500V) OF POWER CIRCUIT
3 CHECK FEEDING VOLTAGE AND

PHASE ROTATION
4 CHECK STEP BY STEP FUNCTION
5 CHECK ELECTRIC END POSITION

LOCKING
6 CHECK ENERGY STOP SWITCH

FUNCTION
40
‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪MEASURE MOTOR RUNNING CURRENT‬‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪THERMAL OVERLOAD SETTING‬‬
‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪TIME TO TRIP WITH 1 PHASE‬‬

‫‪REMOVED‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪TEST SAFE GUARD AGAINST WRONG‬‬

‫‪ROTATING FIELD.‬‬
‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪TAP POSITION INDICATOR‬‬
‫‪16- Pressure test:‬‬
‫ﯾﻮﺟﺪ ﻃﺮﯾﻘﺘﯿﻦ ﻹﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺤﻮل‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻻوﻟﻰ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﻗﯿﺎس ﻗﯿﻤﺔ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻨﺪ أﺳﻔﻞ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺤﻮل‪ .‬ﺛﻢ ﺣﻘﻦ ﻧﯿﺘﺮوﺟﯿﻦ أﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻮاﻣﺔ ﺗﻨﻚ اﻟﺘﻤﺪد‬
‫‪ conservator‬ﺣﺘﻰ ﯾﺼﻞ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ أﺳﻔﻞ اﻟﻤﺤﻮل إﻟﻰ ‪ 1.25 %‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﯿﻤﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻰ زﯾﺎدة‬
‫‪ 25%‬ﺛﻢ ﺗﺮك اﻟﻤﺤﻮل ﻟﻤﺪة ‪ 24‬ﺳﺎﻋﺔ وﯾﺘﻢ اﻟﻔﺤﺺ ﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﺎ إذا ﻛﺎن ھﻨﺎك ﺗﺴﺮﯾﺐ أوﺗﻨﻔﯿﺲ ﻣﻦ‬
‫أى ﻣﻜﺎن وﯾﺘﻢ اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺰ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻔﺤﺺ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﻮاﻧﺎت واﻟﻔﻼﻧﺸﺎت وﯾﻨﻈﺮ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺒﯿﻦ إذا ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻗﻞ أم ﻣﺎزال ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺎ‪ ،‬وﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺜﺒﺎت ﯾﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﻤﺤﻮل ‪،‬وﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻏﯿﺮ ذﻟﻚ ﯾﺮﻓﺾ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر وﻣﺨﺎﻃﺒﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻌﮫ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ أو اﻟﺮﻓﺾ اﻟﻜﻠﻰ ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﯾﺘﻢ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﺑﻤﻘﺪار ‪ 0.35 bar‬ﻋﻠﻰ أﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻨﻚ اﻟﺘﻤﺪد‪ conservator‬ﺛﻢ ﯾﺘﺮك ﻟﻤﺪة ‪ 24‬ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﺛﻢ ﯾﻔﺤﺺ‬
‫ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‬
‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ‪ 0.35‬ﯾﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻚ وﻓﻰ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻻﺣﯿﺎن ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﻦ‪ 0.2‬ﻓﺼﺎﻋﺪ‬
‫وﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ھﺬا اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻟﻠﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻮدة اﻟﺘﺼﻨﯿﻊ واﻟﻌﺰل واﻟﺘﺮﺑﯿﻂ وﻹﻛﺘﺸﺎف ﻧﻘﺎط اﻟﻀﻌﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺤﻮل وإذا‬
‫ﻓﺸﻞ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﯾﺮﻓﺾ اﻟﻤﺤﻮل‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺤﻘﻦ ﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﺤﻘﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﺘﻨﻜﺎت اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮده ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺤﻮل ‪ conservator‬ﺑﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ ﻣﺸﺘﺮك‬
‫واﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﻢ ﺟﻤﯿﻌﺎ ﻓﻰ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ وﺑﻨﻔﺲ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ‪ ،‬وﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﺤﻘﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻜﺎن ‪ silica jell‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻧﺰوﻟﮫ ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺎﺳﻮره‪.‬‬
‫‪41‬‬
‫‪17- Magnetic unbalance test:‬‬
‫ﯾﺘﻢ إﺟﺮاء ھﺬا اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻟﻠﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﺧﻄﻮط اﻟﻔﯿﺾ اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﯿﺴﻲ واﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﺪاﻓﻌﺔ اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﯿﺔ داﺧﻞ اﻟﻘﻠﺐ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺪي وﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﺒﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﯿﺴﻲ‬
‫‪U‬‬
‫‪U‬‬ ‫‪Power‬‬
‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪supply‬‬
‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪N‬‬ ‫‪220V‬‬
‫‪V‬‬
‫‪AC 1ф‬‬
‫‪v‬‬ ‫‪V V‬‬
‫‪V w‬‬ ‫‪W‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬
‫‪1U1‬‬ ‫‪1W1‬‬
‫‪1V1‬‬
‫‪2U1‬‬ ‫‪2W1‬‬
‫‪2V1‬‬
‫‪2U2‬‬ ‫‪2V2‬‬ ‫‪2W2‬‬

‫‪1V2‬‬ ‫‪1W2‬‬
‫‪1U2‬‬
‫ﯾﺘﻢ ﺣﻘﻦ ﺟﮭﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﺣﺪ اﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎت ) ‪ (1Φ 220 v‬وﻗﯿﺎس اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻠﻔﯿﻦ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﯿﻦ ﻓﯿﺠﺐ أن ﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﺠﮭﺪ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺤﻘﻮن ﻋﻠﯿﺔ ﯾﺴﺎوي ﻣﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﺠﮭﺪﯾﻦ اﻻﺧﺮﯾﻦ وﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﺠﮭﺪ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻒ اﻟﻤﺤﻘﻮن ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮي‬
‫ﯾﺴﺎوي ﻣﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﺠﮭﺪﯾﻦ اﻻﺧﺮﯾﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮي‬
‫‪Primary‬‬ ‫‪v1=v2+v3‬‬
‫‪Secondary‬‬ ‫‪v1=v2+v3‬‬
‫‪42‬‬
! !!! !!!!! !!! !! !!!!!! ] [ ‫]اﺧﺘﺒﺎرات اﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪ اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﻰ‬
GENERATOR TESTS :
 Megger test for armature by 5KV.
 Megger test for field by 500V.
 Winding resistance for armature test.
 Winding resistance for field test.
 Earthing resistance test.( measure resistance by multimeter)
 Earthing transformer test ( ratio, megger and resistance )
. ‫ﻗﺪ ﺗﻢ ﺷﺮح ھﺬه اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎرات ﻓﻰ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‬
42
[‫ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻛﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﻮﯾﻨﻰ‬.‫]م‬ [ ‫]اﺧﺘﺒﺎرات ﻣﻔﺎﺗﯿﺢ اﻟﺠﮭﺪ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬
43
Types Test for Circuit breaker:
1. Timing test
2. Contact resistance
3. Megger test
4. Highpot test
1. Timing test for C.B
‫ وزﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﻠﻖ ﺛﻢ اﻟﻔﺘﺢ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة‬CB ‫ وزﻣﻦ ﻓﺘﺢ‬CB ‫ﯾﺘﻢ إﺟﺮاء ھﺬا اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻟﺘﺤﺪﯾﺪ زﻣﻦ ﻏﻠﻖ‬
◙Instrument device: - timing tester
-:‫ﻃﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ‬
Short
GCB
R S T
CC TC1 TC2
+Ve -Ve
R
Close
S
Jumper Trip
Timing tester
44
-: ‫ﺟﮭﺎز اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬
Operation and print

Operation
The Tests Types:
1) <c> close
2) <o> open
3) <co> close open
4) <oc> open close
5) <coc>close open close
6) <oco> open close open
‫ ﻟﻜﻞ اﻟﺴﻜﺎﻛﯿﻦ اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻛﮭﺮﺑﯿﺎ وذﻟﻚ ﺑﻀﺒﻂ اﻟﺠﮭﺎز أﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ‬timing ‫** ﯾﺠﺐ ﻋﻤﻞ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬
stop watch ‫ وإذا ﻟﻢ ﻧﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﯾﺘﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر وﻗﯿﺎس اﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﺑـ‬. sheet ‫زﻣﻦ ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬
45
:‫ﻃﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬
. ‫ وﺗﻮﺻﯿﻠﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﮭﺎز‬CB ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﮭﺎز ﻛﻤﺎ ھﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﻣﻊ ﻓﺼﻞ اﻟﻄﺮف اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬CB ‫ﺗﻮﺻﻞ أﻃﺮاف‬
‫ وﻋﻤﻞ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻋﻠﻰ‬. close ‫ واﻟﻐﻠﻖ‬open [ TC1 ,TC2] ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻠﻔﺎﺗﮫ‬- ve ، ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﮭﺎز‬+ve DC ‫ﺗﺤﻀﯿﺮ‬
. CC,CT2 ‫ ﺛﻢ ﻋﻤﻠﮫ ﻣﺮة أﺧﺮى‬CC,TC1
Timing test for trip coil 1
Operation PH - R PH - Y PH - B
Close 44.5 m.s 44.1 m.s 44.0 m.s
Open 78.7 m.s 79.2 m.s 79.2 m.s
Close - open 177.5 m.s 177.8 m.s 177.8 m.s
Timing test for trip coil 2
Operation PH - R PH - Y PH - B
Close 44.4 m.s 44.0 m.s 44.0 m.s
Open 76.1 m.s 76.5 m.s 76.5 m.s
Close - open 174.4 m.s 174.7 m.s 174.9 m.s
46
‫]م‪ .‬ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻛﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﻮﯾﻨﻰ[‬ ‫]اﺧﺘﺒﺎرات ﻣﻔﺎﺗﯿﺢ اﻟﺠﮭﺪ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻰ [‬
‫‪2. Contact resistance‬‬
‫ﯾﺘﻢ إﺟﺮاء ھﺬا اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻟﺘﺤﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ )اﻟﺘﻼﻣﺲ( داﺧﻞ ‪CB‬‬
‫‪◙Instrument device: Megger DLRO600‬‬

‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪T‬‬
‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪P1‬‬ ‫‪P2‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬
‫‪Meger DLRO 600‬‬

‫ﺟﮭﺎز اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر‪-:‬‬
‫‪47‬‬
‫‪R = V/I‬‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ ﺣﻘﻦ ﺗﯿﺎر ﻣﻘﺪارة ‪ 100 A‬وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﯾﺘﻢ ﻗﯿﺎس اﻟﺠﮭﺪ وﻣﻨﮭﻢ ﯾﺘﻢ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻗﯿﻤﺔ )‪(R‬‬
‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺔ‪ :‬ﯾﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻗﯿﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ أﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ‪ 20 MΩ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ CB‬ﻓﻘﻂ وﺗﻜﻮن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺪﺧﻞ واﻟﺨﺮج ﻣﻦ ‪Bus bar‬‬
‫ﯾﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ‪ 40 MΩ‬وذﻟﻚ ﻟﺪﺧﻮل اﻟﻜﻠﺴﺘﺮ )ﻧﻘﺎط اﻟﺘﻌﺸﯿﻖ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻃﺮﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻼﻣﺲ ( ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﯿﺎس‪.‬‬
‫ﯾﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ‪ contact resistance‬اﻟﻰ )‪ (CB‬أﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ‪20 MΩ‬‬
‫ﺟﺪول اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‪:‬‬
‫‪Breaker contact resistance‬‬
‫‪Connection‬‬ ‫‪phase‬‬ ‫‪Resistance‬‬

‫‪Point between‬‬
‫‪Breaker‬‬ ‫‪Micro OAM‬‬ ‫‪Remarks‬‬
‫‪terminals‬‬
‫‪@100ADC‬‬
‫‪From earth two‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪214‬‬ ‫‪OK‬‬

‫‪isolator‬‬ ‫‪Y‬‬ ‫‪198‬‬ ‫‪OK‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪204‬‬ ‫‪OK‬‬
‫** اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ‪anti pump‬‬
‫‪ .1‬وﺿﻊ اﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎح ﻋﻠﻰ وﺿﻊ ‪ off‬ﺛﻢ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ contactor‬اﻟﻐﻠﻖ ﻓﯿﺤﺪث ‪ close‬ﺛﻢ ‪open‬‬
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة وﯾﻜﻮن ‪ CB‬ﻓﻲ وﺿﻊ ‪ OFF‬ﻗﺒﻞ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬
‫‪ .2‬وﺿﻊ اﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎح ﻋﻠﻰ وﺿﻊ ‪ ON‬ﺛﻢ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ contactor‬اﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻓﯿﺤﺪث اﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻓﻘﻂ وﻻ ﯾﺤﺪث‬
‫ﻏﻠﻖ وﯾﻜﻮن ‪ CB‬ﻓﻲ وﺿﻊ ‪ ON‬ﻗﺒﻞ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬
‫‪48‬‬
3. Megger test
‫ﺗﻢ ﺷﺮح ھﺬا اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺎ‬
Insulation test
Voltage applied = 5 k v
Time = 60 sec measured value with ohm
Closed position Closed position

Bay R-E Y-E B-E R-E Y-E B-E
C.B for 3.18 2.88 2.94 6.55 5.98 7.02

G.C.B T.ohm T.ohm T.ohm T.ohm T.ohm T.ohm
C.B ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬
rated v ‫ ﻣﻦ ﺟﮭﺪ‬110 % ‫ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺟﮭﺪ‬close ‫ واﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬open ‫( ﯾﺠﺐ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬1
Example: 125 V DC 1.1 * 125 =137.5 V DC
‫ وﯾﻔﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ھﺬا اﻟﺠﮭﺪ‬70 % ‫ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺟﮭﺪ‬open ‫( ﯾﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬2

‫وﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ھﺬا اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﯾﺘﻢ‬. ‫ وﯾﻮﺻﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ھﺬا اﻟﺠﮭﺪ‬85 % ‫ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺟﮭﺪ‬close ‫( ﯾﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬3
‫ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ‬CB ‫ او‬coils ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬
‫ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺟﮭﺪ اﻟﺘﺸﻐﯿﻞ اﻟﻌﺎدي‬timing for open, Close ‫( ﻋﻤﻞ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬4
open, close
total time- close, (criteria) ‫اﻟﺰﻣﻦ‬

open
‫اﻻول‬+ (‫اﻟﺰﻣﻦ =)اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ – اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬ open, close, open
‫داﺋﻤﺎ زﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ أﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ زﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ‬
coil1,coil2 ‫ ﻣﻦ‬manual , trip ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬
close coil ‫ ﻣﻦ‬manual ,trip ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬
49
‫‪4. High pot test:-‬‬
‫ﯾﺘﻢ إﺟﺮاء ھﺬا اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﺳﺎﺳًﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼت ‪ . Bus bar , Main CB‬وذﻟﻚ ﻟﻠﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﻋﻨﺪ زﯾﺎدة‬
‫اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ ﻷي ﺳﺒﺐ و ﺻﺎﻋﻘﺔ ﺟﻮﯾﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪◙Instrument device: - high voltage AC dielectric test‬‬
‫ﯾﺘﻢ ﺣﻘﻦ ﺟﮭﺪ ﻣﻘﺪاره ‪ 80 %‬ﻣﻦ ﺟﮭﺪ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻊ ‪ .‬وﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﺪم ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺟﮭﺪ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻊ ﯾﺘﻢ ﺣﻘﻦ ﺟﮭﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪاره ‪(V rated/ph)*3+1‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪*3 +1 = 24KV‬‬
‫√‬
‫وﯾﻮﺟﺪ ﺛﻼث اﻧﻮاع اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ‪high voltage test‬‬
‫‪ DC voltage‬ﯾﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼت )ﯾﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻊ‪ RDC‬ﻓﻘﻂ (‬ ‫‪.1‬‬

‫‪ AC voltage low frequency .2‬أﻓﻀﻞ ‪0.01 HZ‬‬
‫‪AC voltage normal frequency .3‬‬
‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت ھﺎﻣﺔ ﺟﺪا ﻋﻞ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ‪high pot‬‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺟﻤﯿﻊ ﻣﺤﻮﻻت اﻟﺠﮭﺪ‬ ‫‪.1‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺟﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻔﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة‬ ‫‪.2‬‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺟﻤﯿﻊ ﻣﻮاﻧﻊ اﻟﺼﻮاﻋﻖ ‪surge arrestors‬‬ ‫‪.3‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ ‪ short circuit‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻤﯿﻊ ﻣﺤﻮﻻت اﻟﺘﯿﺎر إذا ﻟﻢ ﺗﻜﻦ دواﺋﺮھﺎ ﻣﻐﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫‪.4‬‬
‫ﻃﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪High voltage‬‬
‫‪C.B‬‬
‫‪Short‬‬
‫‪Output‬‬ ‫‪Control‬‬
‫‪50‬‬
‫أﺟﮭﺰة اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر‪:‬‬
‫‪51‬‬
‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺟﮭﺎز ﺣﻘﻦ )‪ (HV‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼت )‪ (HV‬ﯾﻘﻮم ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻓﻰ ﻗﯿﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﺮدد ‪ frequency‬ﺣﺘﻰ ﯾﺼﻞ اﻟﻰ داﺋﺮة اﻟﺮﻧﯿﻦ‬
‫‪XL=XC‬‬ ‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﯾﻜﻮن وﺣﺪة ﻣﻜﺜﻒ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺨﺮج ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﮭﺎز‬
‫‪Z=R‬‬
‫‪ -2‬وﯾﺘﻢ اﻟﺤﻘﻦ ﺑﮭﺬا اﻟﺘﺮدد‪:‬‬
‫‪∗ 2 = 152‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪار ﺟﮭﺪ اﻟﺤﻘﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻞ‬

‫√‬
‫‪ -3‬ﻣﺪة اﻟﺤﻘﻦ )ﺳﺎﻋﺔ(‪:‬‬

‫‪ -4‬ﯾﺘﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ‪ megger‬ﻗﺒﻞ وﺑﻌﺪ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ‪Highpot test‬‬
‫‪5 k v dc megger between Ph – G for 1min‬‬
‫‪Ph‬‬ ‫‪insulation‬‬
‫‪R – GND‬‬ ‫‪1.1 T OHM‬‬
‫‪Y – GND‬‬ ‫‪1.83 T OHM‬‬
‫‪B – GND‬‬ ‫‪1.73 T OHM‬‬
‫‪(PD) patch discharge test :‬‬
‫ھﺬا اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﯾﺘﻢ ﻋﻤﻠﮫ ﺑﻌﺪ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ‪ HV‬ﻋﻠﻰ )‪ (GIS‬وﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ھﺬا اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻟﻠﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻮدة اﻟﺘﺼﻨﯿﻊ ﻟﻠﻌﻮازل‬
‫داﺧﻞ ‪ GIS‬وﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد ﻓﻘﺎﻋﺎت داﺧﻞ اﻟﻌﻮازل‬
‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ھﺬا اﻟﻘﯿﺎس ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ اﻟﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻗﯿﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﺮدد )‪frequency (HZ‬‬
‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺟﮭﺎز ‪ PD‬وﯾﻮﺻﻞ ﺑﺤﺴﺎس )‪ (sensor‬ﻣﻊ ﺟﮭﺎز )‪ (high pot‬واﻟﻘﯿﺎس ﻣﻨﮫ وﯾﺠﺐ ﻋﻨﺪ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ھﺬا‬
‫اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد ‪ noise‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻜﺎن ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺠﻮال وﻏﯿﺮة ‪.‬‬
‫اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر ‪:‬‬
‫)‪Injection High voltage test per phase (Highpot‬‬
‫*‪1. 1.3 VN/ph =1.3‬‬

‫√‬
‫‪Measure (PC) peak Colum at this value‬‬
‫*‪2. 1.1 VN/ph =1.1‬‬
‫√‬
‫‪Measure (PC) for this value‬‬
‫‪(PD)by PC actual = PD1 – PD2 = ……≤ 10 PC‬‬
‫‪52‬‬
High voltage test for (GIS) switch gear (132 KV)
53
: ‫ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬
HV TEST
U TEST = 0.8 X 38 K V = 30 K V AC
SECTION PH PH U DURATION LEAKAGE

GROUNDED TEST GRRRENT
“ma”
BBFROM R Y+B 5
GENERATOR
Y R+B 30 KV 1 MIN 5
B R+Y 5
Procedure for Highpot test for GIS 132 KV.
1) Test number #1 10 KV check with VT

2) Test number #2 normal voltage = (V/P)= 76kv with
√
VT
3) Test number #3 1.5 *(Vn/P)= 114 KV with VT
4) Test number #4 (Vn/P) = 76kv without VT & 15 min
5) Test number #5 (Vn/L) = 132 KV without VT & 3 min
6) Test number #6 220 KV &1 min
(10KV) ‫( وذﻟﻚ ﻟﻠﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻮازل ﺳﻜﺎﻛﯿﻦ اﻷرﺿﻲ وھﻲ ﺗﺘﺤﻤﻞ‬10KV) ‫ﯾﺘﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻷول ﻋﻨﺪ ﺟﮭﺪ‬
. ‫ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ‬short ‫ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ اﻟـ‬close ‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﻜﻮن ﺟﻤﯿﻊ ﺳﻜﺎﻛﯿﻦ اﻷرﺿﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬
All earthing switch (open) VT ‫اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ واﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﻌﺰل ﻟﻠـ‬
All earthing open VT bus bar ‫ وﻋﻮازل اﻟـ‬bus bar ‫اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ واﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ واﻟﺴﺎدس ﻟﻠـ‬
Isolator open
54
Existing Link
open
cable
Link
open End End
Injection high
voltage
device
55
[‫ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻛﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﻮﯾﻨﻰ‬.‫] م‬ [ ‫]اﺧﺘﺒﺎرات ﻛﺎﺑﻼت اﻟﺠﮭﺪ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬
56
1-High voltage cable test:
1. Megger for cable 5KV

2. High pot 10 KV for earthing sheath
3. High pot 152 KV /phase at cable normal voltage 132/√3 per phase (2VnP)
4. Injection 3Ф100A at this cable and measure leakage in the earthing cable must be
≤ 3% maximum 3A at injection 100A
5. Measure positive impedance Z+ AND negative Impedance Z- Z+=Z-
6. Measure zero impedance Z0
7. Measure dc resistance RDC
8. Contact resistance for earth joint
9. Megger test for(SVL)
transpose ‫ﻃﺮﯾﻘﺔ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻞ اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻞ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ وﺟﻮد‬
Pushing Pushing
Joint
R
Earthing box
57
‫] م‪ .‬ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻛﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﻮﯾﻨﻰ[‬ ‫]اﺧﺘﺒﺎرات ﻛﺎﺑﻼت اﻟﺠﮭﺪ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻰ [‬
‫‪2-High pot 10 KV for Earthing sheath :‬‬
‫ﯾﺘﻢ ﺣﻘﻦ ﺟﮭﺪ ﻣﻘﺪاره ‪ 10 KV‬ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ sheath‬وﻗﯿﺎس ‪leakage current‬‬
‫‪HI TESTER‬‬ ‫‪Open link‬‬
‫‪Remove‬‬
‫ﯾﺘﻢ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺟﻤﯿﻊ وﺻﻼت اﻟﺘﺄرﯾﺾ ﻓﻰ ‪ Earthing box‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻮل ﻣﺴﺎر اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻞ وذﻟﻚ ﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﻌﺰل اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻰ ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﻣﺮاﻋﺎة ﻋﺪم ﺣﺪوث ﺟﮭﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﺎزل)‪ (SVL‬وذﻟﻚ ﺑﺈزاﻟﺔ اﻟﻮﺻﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﺑﯿﻨﮫ وﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺘﺠﻤﯿﻊ ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺑﻼت‬
‫‪3-High pot 152 KV per PHASE with rated voltage 132KV:‬‬
‫ﯾﺘﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺳﯿﺎرة )‪ (HV‬اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﻢ ﺷﺮﺣﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ أن ھﺬا اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﯾﺤﺪث ﻋﻨﺪ داﺋﺮة اﻟﺮﻧﯿﻦ‬
‫)‪ (resonance‬وذﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام وﺣﺪة ﻣﻜﺜﻒ ﺗﻮﺿﻊ ﻓﻰ ﺧﺮج اﻟﺤﻘﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﯿﺎرة وﻟﻜﻦ داﺧﻞ اﻟﺴﯿﺎرة ﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬
‫‪ XL = XC‬وذﻟﻚ ﯾﻜﻮن ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺣﺘﻰ ﯾﺼﻞ اﻟﻰ ھﺬه اﻟﺤﺎﻟﮫ وﺑﻌﺪھﺎ ﯾﺒﺪأ اﻟﺤﻘﻦ ﻟﻤﺪة ﺳﺎﻋﺔ وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﯾﺘﻢ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ‪ short‬ﻋﻠﻰ) ‪ (SVL‬ﻓﻰ ‪ junction box‬ﺣﺘﻰ ﻻﯾﺤﺪث ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ﺟﮭﺪ وﯾﺘﻢ ﻛﺴﺮه‬
‫‪Cable‬‬
‫‪Short‬‬
‫‪SVL‬‬
‫)‪Result : (R) (Y) (B‬‬
‫‪U set = 152 v‬‬
‫‪U act = 152v‬‬
‫‪F reso(HZ) = 123.99HZ‬‬
‫‪Time = 1 h‬‬
‫‪Status = 0k‬‬
‫‪58‬‬
‫‪4-Leakage current test :‬‬
‫ﯾﺘﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ھﺬا اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﻔﺎﻗﺪ ﻓﻰ ‪ sheath‬ﺣﻮل اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻞ وھﻞ ھﻮ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺤﺪود اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻮح ﺑﮭﺎ أم ﻻ‬
‫وھﻰ )‪ (3%‬وإذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﯿﺔ ﯾﺘﻢ اﻟﺘﻌﺪﯾﻞ ﻓﯿﮭﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺗﻐﯿﺮ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻼت ﺑﯿﻦ ‪ inner‬و‪ outer‬ﻓﻰ‬
‫‪ junction box‬ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻰ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﻮﺻﻼت وﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﺘﺒﺎدﯾﻞ واﻟﺘﻮاﻓﯿﻖ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻮل ﻣﺴﺎر اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻞ‬
‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر‪:‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼت وﻗﯿﺎس اﻟﺘﯿﺎرات ﻋﻠﻰ وﺻﻼت اﻟﺮﺑﻂ واﻟﻮﺻﻞ ‪ 100 A 3Ф‬ﯾﺘﻢ ﺣﻘﻦ ﺗﯿﺎر ﻣﻘﺪاره‬
‫ﻗﯿﺎس اﻟﺘﯿﺎر ﻣﻦ‬

‫ھﺬه اﻻﻣﺎﻛﻦ‬
‫‪SVL‬‬
‫ﯾﺘﻢ اﻟﺤﻘﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺟﮭﺎز )‪(primary injection 3Ф‬‬
‫وﯾﺘﻢ اﻷﺧﺬ ﻓﻲ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر إذا ﻛﺎن ﯾﻮﺟﺪ ﻛﺎﺑﻞ آﺧﺮ ﻗﺮﯾﺐ ﻣﻨﮫ وﻋﻠﯿﮫ ﺟﮭﺪ ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ أﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ‬
‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪short‬‬
‫‪59‬‬
5-Positive and negative impedance test:
1. Positive sequence impedance Z1:
‫ وﻗﯿﺎس اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻃﺮاف ﻣﻊ وﺟﻮد ﻗﺼﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‬100 A ‫ﯾﺘﻢ ﺣﻘﻦ ﺗﯿﺎر ﻣﻘﺪاره‬
Z= |Z |= |Z | Z+ = positive sequence
For example value:
(R) U0 = 14.2, Iph = 80.5, cos Φ = 0.99, Z+= = 5.66
(S) U0 = 4.42, Iph = 58.1, cos Φ = 0.45, Z+= = 13.144
(T) U0 = 79.8, Iph = 21, cos Φ = 0.72, Z+= = 3.8
Cos Φ = 0.72 Φ = 43.945 |Z |= 7.53
R : ‫ﻃﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ‬
A
Injection S
current A V
T
Phases Volt(v) Current(A) Phase(0) Phase

impedances
Red +Yellow 1.8 38.5 48.0 Red

(forward) 0.02+j0.02 Ω
2.0 38.5 49.0
(reverse)
Yellow +blue 1.6 38.7 53.6 Yellow

(forward) 0.01 + j0.02Ω
1.6 38.7 53.4
(reverse)
Blue +red 1.8 38.5 44.0 Blue

(forward) 0.01 + j0.02Ω
2.0 38.4 45.3
(reverse)
60
Check value Z1+Z0:
(Inject current in yellow phase return via same paths as Z0 measurement)
VOLT(V) CURRENT(A)
forward 1.8 38.5
reverse 2.1 38.3
Z=3V/I 0.15 Ohms(1)
IZI+IZ0I 0.15 Ohms(2)
(1)&(2) should be similar values.
2. ZERO SEQUENCE IMPEDENCE Z0
Z= R +JXL = 2 cos Φ + J sin Φ ohm
Z= cosΦ + j sinΦ ohm/km
R : ‫ﻃﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ‬
S
A
T
A
V
Injection
current
Phases Volt(v) Current(A) Phase(0) Phase

impedances
(forward) 1.4 38.7 57.3

0.06+j0.09 Ω
(reverse) 1.4 38.9 55.2
61
Example:
Z0 = V0 = 7.46 Iph = 64.6, cosΦ = 0.91
cosΦ = 0.91 Φ = 24.494
sinΦ = 0.414 Z0 = = 22.38
|Z0 | = 2.88
3. DC resistance (RDC):
◙Instrument device: - YOKO GAWA Z769 portable double bridge
R20 ċ = R t ċ * . ( )
ohm
‫( ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎزات‬R,S,T) RDC‫ﯾﺘﻢ ﻗﯿﺎس‬
: ‫ﻃﺮﯾﻘﺔ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻞ اﻟﺠﮭﺎز‬
current R
A V
Voltage
C P CP P
Yoka Gawa
: ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت‬
: transpose ‫ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﮫ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺄرﯾﺾ ﻋﻨﺪ وﺻﻠﺔ اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻞ أوﻣﻊ‬Junction box ‫** ﺷﻜﻞ‬
SVL
Inner
outer
Coaxial cable
R S T
62
‫**ﻓﻰ اﻟﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﻰ ﻻﯾﻤﺮ ﺗﯿﺎر ﻓﻰ ھﺬه اﻟﻮﺻﻠﺔ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺣﺪوث ﻛﺴﺮ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻌﺎزل ﯾﻤﺮ ﺗﯿﺎر ﻓﻰ ھﺬه اﻟﻮﺻﻠﺔ‬
‫وﯾﺼﻞ إﻟﻰ اﻻرض‬
‫**)‪ (SVL‬ﯾﻮﺿﻊ ھﺬا اﻟﻌﺎزل ﻟﺘﺤﺪﯾﺪ اﻟﻌﻄﻞ إذا ﺣﺪث ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻞ‪.‬‬
‫واﻟﻌﻄﻞ ﯾﺤﺪث ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ وﺟﻮد ﻗﺼﺮﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻊ ‪ sheath‬وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ ﯾﻨﺘﻘﻞ اﻟﺠﮭﺪ اﻟﻰ ‪ sheath‬و ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ أﯾﻀﺎ‬
‫ﯾﺤﺪث ﻛﺴﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ھﺬا اﻟﻌﺎزل‪.‬‬
‫وﯾﺤﺪد ھﺬا اﻟﻜﺴﺮ ﻣﻦ أى ﺟﮭﺔ )اﻟﺪاﺧﻞ أو اﻟﺨﺎرج ( ﻓﯿﺤﺪد اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻮﺻﻠﺔ أم ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪھﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫وﻛﺬﻟﻚ إذا ﺣﺪﺛﺖ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ junction‬ﻓﯿﺤﺪد ﻣﻜﺎن اﻟﻌﻄﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻟﮭﺎ‪.‬‬
‫**ﻣﻮاﺻﻔﺎت)‪3.6KV&5KA(SVL‬‬
‫‪63‬‬
[‫ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻛﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﻮﯾﻨﻰ‬.‫]م‬ [ ‫]اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻻرﺿﻰ‬
64
‫]م‪ .‬ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻛﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﻮﯾﻨﻰ[‬ ‫]اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻻرﺿﻰ [‬
‫‪Earthing resistance:‬‬
‫ﯾﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ اﻷرﺿﻰ ﻟﻠﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺤﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﺄرﯾﺾ وﯾﺘﻢ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻓﻰ أﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة ﻓﻰ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬
‫وﯾﻮﺿﻊ أﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﻟﮭﺬه اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎرات ﻣﺜﻞ ‪earth bit‬‬
‫ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﺻﻐﯿﺮة ﺗﻜﻮن ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﺄرﯾﺾ ﺟﯿﺪة‬
‫اﻟﺤﺪ اﻻﻗﺼﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻮح ﺑﮫ ﻓﻰ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎء اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﯾﺔ )‪(1Ω‬وﻟﻜﻦ ﻓﻰ أﻣﺎﻛﻦ أﺧﺮى ﯾﻜﻮن ﻣﺴﻤﻮح ﺑﺤﺪ أﻗﺼﻰ‬
‫)‪ (5Ω‬ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ اﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻓﯿﮭﺎ اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ أى ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺪود اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻮح ﺑﮫ وﯾﺘﻢ اﻟﺘﺰوﯾﺪ ﺑﺄﻗﻄﺎب ﺗﺄرﯾﺾ) ‪(earth‬‬
‫‪ rod‬أو ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﻓﻰ ھﺬه اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻠﺢ وﻣﺎء وﻓﺤﻢ‬
‫‪◙Instrument device: -:HIOKI 3151earth HI Tester‬‬
‫‪5– 10 m‬‬ ‫‪New rod‬‬ ‫‪Existing‬‬

‫‪earth bit‬‬
‫‪10 – 15 m‬‬
‫‪Black‬‬
‫‪E‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬
‫‪Device rod‬‬
‫‪65‬‬
[‫ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻛﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﻮﯾﻨﻰ‬.‫]م‬ [ ‫]اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻻرﺿﻰ‬
: ‫ﺷﻜﻞ اﻟﺠﮭﺎز‬
66
‫]م‪ .‬ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻛﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﻮﯾﻨﻰ[‬ ‫]اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻻرﺿﻰ [‬
‫‪ -1‬ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻞ اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻞ اﻷﺳﻮد ﻓﻰ ) ‪ (E‬واﻟﻄﺮف اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ ﻓﻰ ‪ Rod‬اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ اﻟﻤﺮاد اﺧﺘﺒﺎرھﺎ‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻞ ‪ p, s‬ﻓﻰ ‪ device rod‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺪ ‪ 10 m‬وھﺬا ھﻮ اﻷﺳﺎس‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻞ )‪ (c‬ﻓﻰ ‪ device rod‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺪ ‪ 15 m‬ﻓﻰ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻹﺗﺠﺎه اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻓﻰ ﺟﮭﺔ واﺣﺪة ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﮭﺎز وھﺬا‬
‫ھﻮ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﻔﺤﺺ ﻟﻠﺠﮭﺎز واﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ‬
‫‪ ‬اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ press on‬ﻣﻊ اﺧﺘﯿﺎر‪ selector‬ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ BATT‬ﯾﺘﺤﺮك اﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮ اﻟﻰ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ أﻗﺼﻰ‬
‫اﻟﯿﺴﺎر‬
‫‪ ‬اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ press on‬ﻣﻊ اﺧﺘﯿﺎر‪ selector‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ P‬ﯾﺘﺤﺮك اﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮ اﻟﻰ ‪ P,C Chock‬ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﺪم‬
‫اﻟﺘﺤﺮك ﯾﻜﻮن ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻞ )‪ rod (p‬ﻏﯿﺮ ﺻﺤﯿﺢ‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﺨﻄﻮة رﻗﻢ )‪ ( 2‬ﻣﻊ )‪(c‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام )‪ 2 Rod ( c , p‬ﯾﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﯿﺎر )‪terminals (3a ,3b‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام )‪ 1 Rod ( p‬ﯾﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﯿﺎر )‪terminals (2a,2b‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ﯾﺘﻢ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ )‪ (press on‬ﻓﯿﺘﻢ ﻗﺮاءة اﻟﺠﮭﺪ وﯾﺠﺐ ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ ‪ . (X1Ω , X10Ω , X100Ω) Range‬ﺛﻢ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮ اﻷﯾﻤﻦ ﺣﺘﻰ ﯾﻌﻮد اﻟﺠﮭﺪ اﻟﻰ اﻟﺼﻔﺮ ﺛﻢ أﺧﺬ ھﺬه اﻟﻘﺮاءة وﺿﺮﺑﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ ‪ scale‬اﻟﻤﺤﺪد ﺳﺎﺑﻘًﺎ‬
‫وإذا ﻟﻢ ﯾﻨﺰل اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﯾﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﯿﺎر ‪ scale‬أﻋﻠﻰ ﺛﻢ اﻟﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻣﺮة أﺧﺮى ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺮوءة ھﺬه ﺑــ )‪. (Ω‬‬
‫‪67‬‬
‫]م‪ .‬ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻛﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﻮﯾﻨﻰ[‬ ‫]ﺟﮭﺎز ﺗﻔﺮﯾﻊ ﺷﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺎت[‬
‫‪Battery discharge test:‬‬
‫) ‪◙Instrument device: - TORKEL 860 ( LOAD BANK‬‬
‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ھﺬا اﻟﺠﮭﺎز ﻓﻰ ﺗﻔﺮﯾﻎ ﺷﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺎت ﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺗﻨﺸﯿﻂ ﻟﮭﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ اﻟﺠﮭﺎز ‪:‬‬
‫‪68‬‬

مذكرة الإختبارات الكهربائية - م محمد كمال الجويني - Electrical Engineering Community

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مذكرة الإختبارات الكهربائية - م محمد كمال الجويني - Electrical Engineering Community

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‫ﺑﺴﻢ اﷲ اﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ اﻟﺮﺣﯿﻢ‬

‫رﻗﻢ اﻟﺼﻔﺤﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع‬ ‫م‬

‫‪1. Studying‬‬ ‫اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت‬

‫‪*Main‬‬ ‫‪equipments for Generation power plant:‬‬

‫‪*Types for electrical transformers:‬‬

Testing for power transformer:

1 – Transformer turns ratio:

±0. 5 :‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﺨﻄﺎ اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻮح ﺑﮭﺎ‬

◙Instrument device:- megger three phase TTR

. ‫ ( اﻟﻤﺮﻓﻘﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺠﮭﺎز‬V G) ‫( ﻟﻠﻤﺤﻮل ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺧﺮﯾﻄﺔ‬Vector group ) ‫أدﺧﻞ ﻟﻠﺠﮭﺎز رﻗﻢ‬

. (tap changer ) ‫ ( وﻣﻘﺪار ﺟﮭﺪ اﻟﺨﻄﻮة‬tap changer) ‫أدﺧﻞ ﻋﺪد ﻧﻘﺎط‬

.(Normal taping ) ‫ ( ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﮭﺘﯿﻦ ورﻗﻢ‬rated voltage ) ‫أدﺧﺎل‬

RATIO & MAGNETIZING CURRENT TESTS

measured .ratio  specified _ ratio

. ‫ ﺗﻘﺮأ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﮭﺎزوﻻ ﺗﺤﺘﺎج اﻟﻰ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺎت‬dev% ‫وﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬

2 – Winding Resistance test

◙Instrument device:-Transformer winding resistance Kit – AVO or multi amp

‫ﻃﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر ‪:‬‬

‫( =℃ ‪R 75‬‬ ‫‪) * Rm‬‬

‫‪Tm = temperature during measurement‬‬

‫‪Rm = measured value of resistance‬‬

‫ﻃﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ ‪:‬‬

WINDING: H.V TEPM: ……… C

1 0.520 0.519 0.520 0.5196 0.6195 STAR

2 0.511 0.510 0.510 0.5103 0.6084 STAR

10 0.438 0.437 0.436 0.4370 0.5210 STAR

11 0.427 0.427 0.426 0.4266 0.5086 STAR

20 0.511 0.510 0.510 0.5103 0.6084 STAR

21 0.520 0.519 0.519 0.5193 0.6191 STAR

‫‪L.V.WINDING‬‬ ‫‪TEPM: ……... C‬‬

‫‪TAP TERMINAL TERMINAL TERMINAL Average‬‬ ‫‪Rec/ph Winding‬‬

‫‪2U1-2U2‬‬ ‫‪2V1-2V2‬‬ ‫‪2W1-2W2‬‬ ‫‪Rec/ph‬‬ ‫‪75 °C‬‬ ‫‪Connection‬‬

‫‪---‬‬ ‫‪3.65‬‬ ‫‪3.60‬‬ ‫‪3.62‬‬ ‫‪3.623‬‬ ‫‪4.319‬‬ ‫‪STAR‬‬

‫‪3 – Insulation resistance test of transformer winding (megger test):-‬‬

‫)‪◙Instrument device:- megger (250 V : 5000 V‬‬

‫ﻃﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر ‪:‬‬

‫= ‪Polarization index = PI‬‬

‫‪Criteria PI > 1.3‬‬

‫‪Core megger test‬‬

‫ﻃﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ ‪:‬‬

‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪1 2 Transformer‬‬

‫‪1KV‬‬ ‫‪1KV‬‬ ‫‪5KV‬‬

Test Insulation resistance POLARIZATION

HV -(LV+ GND) 5000

CORE- GND 1000

4– Calibration of winding and oil temperature sensors:-

◙Instrument device:- Ω omega and boiler

‫ﻃﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ ‪-:‬‬

‫‪CALIBRATION OF TEMP. INDICATORS:‬‬

‫‪REF. TEMP°C‬‬ ‫‪70‬‬ ‫‪80‬‬ ‫‪90‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪110‬‬ ‫‪120‬‬

‫‪WTI LV °C‬‬ ‫‪68‬‬ ‫‪78‬‬ ‫‪88‬‬ ‫‪97‬‬ ‫‪108‬‬ ‫‪118‬‬

‫‪OTI‬‬ ‫‪°C‬‬ ‫‪70‬‬ ‫‪80‬‬ ‫‪90‬‬ ‫‪98‬‬ ‫‪109‬‬ ‫‪119‬‬

‫‪WTI HV °C‬‬ ‫‪69‬‬ ‫‪79‬‬ ‫‪88‬‬ ‫‪98‬‬ ‫‪108‬‬ ‫‪118‬‬

‫‪5– Oil breaker down voltage (BDV) :-‬‬

‫‪◙Instrument device:- Oil tester‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪Open sample valve‬‬

‫‪New oil up 50 KV is ok and old oil up 40 KV is ok‬‬

OIL DIELECTRIC STRENGTH:

DISTANCE 2.5 MM IEC

‫وأﺣﯿﺎﻧﺎ ﯾﺆﺧﺬ ﻋﯿﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ أﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻨﻚ وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ أﺳﻔﻞ اﻟﺘﻨﻚ‪.‬‬

‫أﻣﺎﻛﻦ أﺧﺬ اﻟﻌﯿﻨﺎت‪:‬‬

‫‪ .1‬أﺳﻔﻞ اﻟﺘﻨﻚ اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﻲ‬