Muscles of Mastication

and
Temporomandibular Joint
(TMJ)

Dr. Mangala M Pai

Professor and Head
Department of Anatomy
Kasturba Medical College
Mangalore
Objectives of the session:

At the end of the session the participants will

Describe & demonstrate attachments, direction of fibres, nerve

supply and actions of muscles of mastication

Describe & demonstrate articulating surface, type &

movements of temporomandibular joint
Muscles of Mastication

Masseter, temporalis, Medial pterygoid and lateral pterygoid

Innervated by Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

Acts on temporomandibular joint

 Masseter
Origin:
➢ Superficial layer
➢ Deep layer

Insertion: ramus of
mandible

Actions:
Elevation and protrusion
of mandible
M
 Temporalis
Origin:
Inferior temporal
line
Temporal fossa
T
Insertion:
Coronoid process
of mandible

Actions:
Elevation and
retraction of mandible
Lateral pterygoid muscle: Key muscle of the fossa

Origin: 2 heads
➢ Upper head -
sphenoid
➢ Lower head -
lateral pterygoid
plate
LP
Insertion: pterygoid
fovea, capsule &
articular disc of TMJ

Actions:
Depression of mandible
Protrusion of mandible
Side- side chewing
movements
RELATIONS
 Medial Pterygoid:
Origin: 2 heads
➢ Superficial: tuberosity
of maxilla & pyramidal MP
process of palatine bone
➢ Deep: lateral pterygoid
plate

Insertion: medial surface of

ramus & angle of mandible

MP
Actions:
Elevation of mandible
Protrusion
Side to side chewing movements
Temporomandibular Joint
TMJ
Type

-- Synovial (atypical)
-- Bicondylar

Articular Bones

-Head of the mandible

( condyle)

-Mandibular fossa
& articular eminence
▪ Articular surface Articular disc
is covered with
white fibro-
cartilage

▪ Divided into 2
compartments by
intra-articular
disc

▪ Upper- Menisco-
temporal

▪ Lower- Menisco-
mandibular
Ligaments
▪ Capsular ligament

▪ Lateral or temporo-
mandibular ligament

▪ Accessory
ligaments-
❖ Sphenomandibular

❖ Stylomandibular
Fibrous capsule
▪ Above- Articular Tubercle,
Mandibular Fossa,
squamotympanic fissure
▪ Below- Neck Of Mandible

Synovial membrane

Temporomandibular
( lateral ) ligament
Strengthens lateral part of
fibrous capsule
Sphenomandibular ligament
Spine of sphenoid to lingula

Stylomandibular ligament
Styloid process to angle of
mandible
RELATIONS
 Blood Supply: Superficial Temporal, Maxillary.

 Nerve Supply: Auriculotemporal, Masseteric

 ▪ Protraction- forward movement of mandible

Movements ▪ Retraction- backward movement of mandible

▪ Depression- as in opening the mouth

▪ Elevation- as in closing the mouth

▪ Side-to-side chewing movements

▪ Menisco-temporal comp- gliding / translatory movts

[ protraction, retraction]

▪ Menisco-mandibular comp- rotation

▪ Transverse axis- in elevation, depression

▪ Vertical axis- side–to-side movts

 Muscles producing movement

Side-to-side chewing movts

Lateral pterygoid & medial pterygoid of both
Lateral pterygoid sides acting alternately.
Assisted by digastric,
geniohyoid, mylohyoid,
gravity.
TMJ dislocation
Manual reduction of dislocated TMJ
TMJ Syndrome