ICS 77.140.

75
H 48

National Standard of the People's Republic of China

GB/T 8162—2018
Replace GB/T 8162-2008

Seamless steel tubes for structural purposes

(结构用无缝钢管)

（English Translation）

Issued date：2018-05-14 Implementation date：2019-02-01

Issued by State Administration for Market Regulation
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China
Contents
Foreword ............................................................................. I
1 Scope ............................................................................. 1
2 Normative references .............................................................. 1
3 Ordering information .............................................................. 3
4 Dimension, shape and mass ......................................................... 3
4.1 Outside diameter and wall thickness ............................................ 3
4.2 Tolerances on outside diameter and wall thickness .............................. 3
4.3 Length ......................................................................... 4
4.4 Straightness ................................................................... 5
4.5 Out-of-roundness and wall thickness non-uniform ................................ 5
4.6 End shape ...................................................................... 5
4.7 Weight ......................................................................... 5
5. Technical requirements ............................................................ 6
5.1 Designation and chemical composition of steel .................................. 6
5.2 Manufacturing method ........................................................... 8
5.3 Delivery conditions ............................................................ 8
5.4 Mechanical properties .......................................................... 8
5.5 Processing properties .......................................................... 9
5.6 Surface quality ................................................................ 9
5.7 Non-destructive testing ........................................................ 9
5.8 Galvanized coating ............................................................ 10
6 Test method ....................................................................... 10
7 Rules for inspection ............................................................. 10
7.1 Inspection and acceptance ..................................................... 10
7.2 Rules for batch setting ....................................................... 11
7.3 Sampling quantities ........................................................... 11
7.4 Rules for re-inspection and determination ..................................... 11
8 Packing, marking and quality certificate .......................................... 11
Appendix A (annex normative) Galvanized coating ................................... 12
 GB/T 8162—2018

Foreword
SAC/TC 183 is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the contents
of English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.

This standard is drafted in accordance with the rules given in the GB/T 1.1—2009 Directives
for standardization-Part 1: Structure and drafting of standards.

This standard replaces GB/T 8162-2008 seamless steel tubes for structural purposes in whole,
In addition to a number of editorial changes, the following technical deviations have been
made with respect to the GB/T 8162-2008(the previous edition).

--Revise the permissible deviations of outside diameter and wall thickness of cold-drawn
(rolled) seamless steel tube (see 4.2.1 and 4.2.3 of 2008 Edition);

--Revise the permissible deviations of general length range and cut-length of steel tube (see
4.3.1 and 4.3.3 of 2008 Edition);

--Cancel designations of Q235, Q275, Q295, 12CrMo, 15CrMo, 12CrMoV and 12Cr1MoV as well as
relevant technical requirements (see 5.1.2, 5.1.3 and 5.4.1, 5.1.1 and 5.4.1 of 2008 Edition);

--Add designation, chemical compositions and carbon equivalent of low-alloy high-strength

structural steels (see 5.1.2);

--Add the designations of Q500, Q550, Q620 and Q690 low-alloy high-strength structural steels
and relevant technical requirements (see 5.1.2 and 5.4.1);

--Cancel the hot extrusion manufacturing method of steel tube (see 5.2.3 of 2008 Edition);

--Add the requirement for flattening test of Q390 steel tube (see 5.5.1);

--Add galvanized coating and related technical requirements (see 5.8 and Appendix A).

This standard was proposed by China Iron and Steel Association.

This standard was prepared by SAC/TC 183 (Technical Committee on Steel of Standardization
Committee of China).

The previous editions of this standard are as follows: GB/T 8162—1987, GB/T 8162—1999, GB/T
8162—2008.

I
 GB/T 8162—2018

Seamless steel tubes for structural purposes

1 Scope

This standard specifies the ordering information, dimension, shape, mass, technical
requirements, test methods, inspection rules, packaging, marking and certificate of quality
of the seamless steel tubes for structural purposes.

This standard is applicable to seamless steel tubes for mechanical structures and general
engineering structures.

2 Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for application of this document. For
dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

GB/T 222 Permissible tolerances for chemical composition of steel products

GB/T 223.5 Steel and iron—Determination of acid-soluble silicon and total silicon content
—Reduced molybdosilicate spectrophotometric method
GB/T 223.9 Iron, steel and alloy —Determination of aluminium content —Chrome azurol S
photometric method
GB/T 223.11 Iron, steel and alloy - Determination of chromium content - Visual titration or
potentiometric titration method
GB/T 223.12 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy—The sodium carbonate
separation—diphenyl carbazide photometric method for the determination of chromium content
GB/T 223.14 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy - The N-benzoy
N-phenylhydroxylamine extraction photometric method for the determination of vanadium content
GB/T 223.19 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy — The
neocuproine-chloroform extraction photometric method for the determination of copper content
GB/T 223.23 Iron, steel and alloy—Determination of nickel content—The dimethylglyoxime
spectrophotometric method
GB/T 223.26 Iron, steel and alloy - Determination of molybdenum content – The thiocyanate
spectrophotometric method
GB/T 223.37 Methods for chemical analysis of iron， steel and alloy—The indophenol blue
photometric method for the determination of nitrogen content after distillation separation
GB/T 223.40 Iron, steel and alloy - Determination of niobium content - Sulfochlorophenol S
Photometric method
GB/T 223.59 Iron, steel and alloy - Determination of phosphorus content - Bismuth
phosphomolybdate blue spectrophotometric method and antimony phosphomomoiybdate blue
spectrophotometric method
GB/T 223.60 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy - The perchloric acid
dehydration gravimetric method for the determination of silicon content

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 GB/T 8162—2018

GB/T 223.62 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy —The butyl acetate
extraction photometric method for the determination of phosphorus content
GB/T 223.63 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy—The sodium (potassium)
periodate photometric method for the determination of manganese content

GB/T 223.68 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy - The potassium iodate
titration method after combustion in the pipe furnace for the determination of sulfur content
GB/T 223.78 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy – Curcumin
spectrophotometric method for the determination of boron content
GB/T 223.84 Iron, steel and alloy - Determination of titanium content - Diantipyrylmethane
spectrophotometric method
GB/T 223.86 Iron, steel and alloy - Determination of total carbon content – Infrared
absorption method after combustion in induction furnace
GB/T 228.1 Metallic materials-Tensile testing-Part 1: Method of test at room temperature

GB/T 229 Metallic materials-Charpy pendulum impact test method

GB/T 231.1 Metallic materials – Brinell hardness test – Part 1: Test method

GB/T 244 Metallic materials-tube - Bend test

GB/T 246 Metal materials - Tube - Flattening test

GB/T 699 Quality carbon structural steels

GB/T 2102 Acceptance, packaging, marking and quality certification of steel pipe

GB/T 2975 Steel and steel products—Location and preparation of test pieces for mechanical
testing

GB/T 3077 Alloy structure steels

GB/T 4336 Carbon and low-alloy steel - Determination of multi-element contents -Spark
discharge atomic emission spectrometric method (routine method)
GB/T 5777-2008 Seamless steel pipe and tubing methods for ultrasonic testing

GB/T 7735-2016 Automated eddy current testing of seamless and welded (Except submerged
arc-welded) steel tubes for the detection of imperfections
GB/T 12606-2016 Automated full peripheral flux leakage testing of seamless and welded (except
submerged arc-welded) ferromagnetic steel tubes for the detection of longitudinal and/or
transverse imperfections
GB/T 17395 Dimensions, shapes, masses and tolerances of seamless steel tubes

GB/T 20066 Steel and iron-sampling and preparation of samples for the determination of
chemical composition

GB/T 20123 Steel and iron —Determination of total carbon and sulfur content—Infrared
absorption method after combustion in an induction furnace (routine method)

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 GB/T 8162—2018

GB/T 20124 Steel and iron - Determination of nitrogen content - Thermal conductimetric method
after fusion in a current of inert gas (routine method)
GB/T 20125 Low-alloy steel—Determination of multi-element contents—Inductively coupled
plasma atomic emission spectrometric method
YB/T 4149 Continuously cast round billet for seamless steel tube rolling

YB/T 5221 Alloy structure steel round tube blank hot rolled and forged for making seamless
tube
YB/T 5222 Quality hot rolled and forged carbon structural steel round billet

3 Ordering information

The contract or order according to this standard should include the following information:
a) standard number;

b) name of product;

c) designation of steel, and level of quality if provided;

d) dimension;

e) order quantity (total weight or total length);

f) delivery condition;

g) special requirements.

4 Dimension, shape and mass

4.1 Outside diameter and wall thickness+

The nominal diameter (D) and nominal wall thickness (S) of the steel tube shall meet the
requirements of GB/T 17395. According to the requirement of the purchaser, tubes with other
outside diameter and wall thickness can be supplied.

4.2 Tolerances on Outside Diameter and Wall Thickness

4.2.1 The tolerance on outside diameter of the steel tubes shall comply with the requirements
in Table 1.

Table 1 Tolerance on outside diameter of tubes Unit: mm

Type of steel tube Tolerance on outside diameter
Hot rolled (expanded) steel tube ±1%D or ±0.5, whichever is higher
Cold drawn (rolled) steel tube ±0.75%D or ±0.3, whichever is higher

4.2.2 The tolerance on wall thickness of the hot rolled (expanded) steel tubes shall comply
with the requirements in Table 2.

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 GB/T 8162—2018

Table 2 Tolerance on wall thickness of the hot rolled (expanded) steel tubes Unit: mm
Nominal outside diameter (D) of steel
Type of Steel Tube S/D Tolerance on wall thickness
tube
±12.5%S or ±0.4, whichever is
≤102 —
higher
±15%S or ±0.4, whichever is
≤0.05
higher
Hot rolled steel tube
＞0.05～ ±12.5%S or ±0.4, whichever is
＞102
0.10 higher
+12.5%S
＞0.10
-10%S
Hot expanded steel
— ±15%S
tube

4.2.3 The tolerance on wall thickness of the cold drawn (rolled) steel tubes shall comply with
the requirements in Table 3.

Table 3 Tolerance on wall thickness of the cold drawn (rolled) steel tubes Unit: mm
Nominal wall thickness S of steel
Type of Steel Tube Tolerance on wall thickness
tube
+15%S, -10%S or ±0.15, whichever is
≤3
higher
Cold drawn (rolled) steel
+12.5%S
tube ＞3～10
-10%S
＞10 ±10%S

4.2.4 If required by the purchaser and specified in the contract after negotiation, steel tubes
with the tolerance of dimension not list in the requirement of Tables 1, 2 and 3 can be supplied.

4.3 Length

4.3.1 Normal length

The normal length of steel tube is 3000mm to 12000mm. If required by the purchaser,steel tube
beyond the normal length can be supplied after negotiation between the supplier and the
purchaser.

4.3.2 Length range

If required by the purchaser and specified in the contract after negotiation, steel tube can
be supplied with given length range.

4.3.3 Cut-length and multiple Length

4.3.3.1 If required by the purchaser and specified in the contract after negotiation, steel
tube can be supplied by cut-length or multiple lengths.

4.3.3.2 When the steel tube is delivered with cut-length or multiple lengths, the tolerance
of length shall meet the following requirements:
a) The tolerance is +30/-0 mm when the cut-length or multiple length is not larger 6,000mm.

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 GB/T 8162—2018

b) The tolerance is +50/-0 mm when the cut-length or multiple length is large than 6,000mm.

4.3.3.3 When the steel tube is delivered with multiple lengths, each multiple length shall
have the notching allowance reserved as per the following requirements:
a) For D≤159mm, the notching allowance is 5 mm to 10 mm;

b) For D>159mm, the notching allowance is 10 mm to 15 mm.

The steel tube with other notching allowance can be supplied through negotiation between the
supplier and the purchaser.

4.4 Straightness

4.4.1 The straightness per meter of the steel tube shall comply with the requirements in Table
4.

Table 4 Straightness of Steel Tubes

Nominal wall thickness (S/mm) of steel tube Straightness per meter (mm/m)
≤15 ≤1.5
＞15～30 ≤2.0
＞30 or D≥351 ≤3.0

4.4.2 The full length curvature of the steel tube shall not exceed 0.15% of the total length
of the steel tube.

4.5 Out-of-Roundness and Wall Thickness Non-uniform

If required by the purchaser and specified in the contract after negotiation, the
out-of-roundness and wall thickness non-uniformity of the steel tube shall not exceed 80% of
the nominal outside diameter tolerance and the nominal wall thickness tolerance respectively,
as specified in the contract.

4.6 End shape

4.6.1 For the steel tube with a nominal diameter of not more than 60mm, its end chamfering
shall not exceed 1.5mm; for the steel tube with the nominal outside diameter of greater than
60mm, its end chamfering shall not exceed 2.5% of the nominal diameter of the tube, but the
maximum value shall not more than 6mm. Chamfering of steel tube is shown in Fig. 1.

90°

Chamfering

Fig. 1 Chamfering

4.6.2 The end of steel tube shall be burred.

4.7 Weight

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 GB/T 8162—2018

4.7.1 Steel tube can be delivered by either actual weight or theoretical weight. The theoretical
weight of the steel tube shall be calculated according to the provisions of GB/T 17395 with
3
the density of steel taken as 7.85 kg/dm .

4.7.2 If required by the purchaser and specified in the contract after negotiation, the
deviation between the theoretical weight and the actual weight of the steel tubes delivered
shall meet the following requirements:
a) Single steel tube: ±10%;

b) Steel tubes with a minimum mass of 10t per batch: ±7.5%.

5. Technical Requirements

5.1 Designation and Chemical Composition of Steel

5.1.1 The designations and chemical composition (heat analysis) of the high-quality carbon
structural steel shall meet the requirements of GB/T 699.

5.1.2 The designations and chemical composition (heat analysis) of low-alloy high-strength
structural steel shall meet the requirements of Table 5. Except for quality grade A, the carbon
equivalent of all designations shall meet the requirements of Table 6. The carbon equivalent
(CEV) shall be calculated based on the heat analysis composition according to formula (1).

CEV=C+Mn/6+(Cr+Mo+V)/5+(Ni+Cu)/15…………………………………………(1)

5.1.3 The designations and chemical composition (heat analysis) of the structural alloy steel
shall meet the requirements of GB/T 3077.

5.1.4 If required by the purchaser and specified in the contract after negotiation, the steel
tubes of other designations or chemical composition can be supplied.

5.1.5 The requirement by the Purchaser, product analysis shall be specified in the contract.
The permissible deviation of the chemical composition of the steel tubes shall comply with
the provisions of GB/T 222.

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GB/T 8162—2018

Table 5 Designations and Chemical Composition of Low-alloy High-strength Structural Steel

a, b, c
Chemical composition (mass fraction) /%
d e
Designation Number Quality grade C Si Mn P S Nb V Ti Cr Ni Cu N Mo B Als
Not more than Not less than
A 0.035 0.035
— — — —
B 0.20 0.035 0.035
Q345 C 0.50 1.70 0.030 0.030 0.30 0.50 0.20 0.012 0.10 —
D 0.030 0.025 0.07 0.15 0.20 0.015
0.18
E 0.025 0.020
A 0.035 0.035
—
B 0.035 0.035
Q390 C 0.20 0.50 1.70 0.030 0.030 0.07 0.20 0.20 0.30 0.50 0.20 0.015 0.10 —
D 0.030 0.025 0.015
E 0.025 0.020
A 0.035 0.035
—
B 0.035 0.035
Q420 C 0.20 0.50 1.70 0.030 0.030 0.07 0.20 0.20 0.30 0.80 0.20 0.015 0.20 —
D 0.030 0.025 0.015
E 0.025 0.020
C 0.030 0.030
Q460 D 0.20 0.60 1.80 0.030 0.025 0.11 0.20 0.20 0.30 0.80 0.20 0.015 0.20 0.005 0.015
E 0.025 0.020
C 0.025 0.020
Q500 D 0.18 0.60 1.80 0.025 0.015 0.11 0.20 0.20 0.60 0.80 0.20 0.015 0.20 0.005 0.015
E 0.020 0.010
C 0.025 0.020
Q550 D 0.18 0.60 2.00 0.025 0.015 0.11 0.20 0.20 0.80 0.80 0.20 0.015 0.30 0.005 0.015
E 0.020 0.010

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 GB/T 8162—2018

Table 5 (Cont.)
a, b, c
Chemical composition (mass fraction) /%
d e
Designation Quality C Si Mn P S Nb V Ti Cr Ni Cu N Mo B Als
Number grade Not less
Not more than
than
C 0.025 0.020
Q620 D 0.18 0.60 2.00 0.025 0.015 0.11 0.20 0.20 1.00 0.80 0.20 0.015 0.30 0.005 0.015
E 0.020 0.010
C 0.025 0.020
Q690 D 0.18 0.60 2.00 0.025 0.015 0.11 0.20 0.20 1.00 0.80 0.20 0.015 0.30 0.005 0.015
E 0.020 0.010
a
Except for Q345A and Q345B, the steel of other designations shall contain at least one of grain refining elements Al, Nb, V and Ti. As required, the supplier can
add one or more grain refining elements, and the maximum contend shall comply with the requirements in the table. When adding in the combination, the total content
of Nb, V and Ti shall be not more than 0.22%.
b
For designations of Q345, Q390, Q420 and Q460,the content of Mo+Cr shall be not more than 0.30%.
c
When Cr and Ni are residual elements of steel, the content of Cr or Ni shall be not more than 0.30%. When it is necessary to add Cr or Ni, its content shall be
subject to the requirement in table or negotiation between the purchaser and the supplier.
d
If the supplier can guarantee that the nitrogen content meets the requirements in the table, nitrogen content analysis is not necessary. If the alloy elements
that can fix nitrogen such as Al, Nb, V or Ti are added to the steel, the nitrogen content are not limited, and the content of nitrogen fixing elements shall be
noted in the certificate of quality.
e
For the all-aluminum steel, the total content of aluminum Alt shall be not less than 0.020%.

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GB/T 8162—2018

Table 6 Carbon Equivalent

CEV (Mass Fraction)/%
Nominal wall thickness S≤16 Nominal wall thickness S>16 mm
Designation Nominal wall thickness S>30mm
mm ~ 30 mm
Number
Hot rolling or Quenching + Hot rolling or Quenching + Hot rolling or Quenching +
normalizing tempering normalizing tempering normalizing tempering
Q345 ≤0.45 — ≤0.47 — ≤0.48 —
Q390 ≤0.46 — ≤0.48 — ≤0.49 —
Q420 ≤0.48 — ≤0.50 ≤0.48 ≤0.52 ≤0.48
Q460 ≤0.53 ≤0.48 ≤0.55 ≤0.50 ≤0.55 ≤0.50
Q500 — ≤0.48 — ≤0.50 — ≤0.50
Q550 — ≤0.48 — ≤0.50 — ≤0.50
Q620 — ≤0.50 — ≤0.52 — ≤0.52
Q690 — ≤0.50 — ≤0.52 — ≤0.52

5.2 Manufacturing Method

5.2.1 Steel-making process

The steel shall be made by electric arc furnace and external refining or oxygen converter and
external refining. When agreed by the supplier and the purchaser, other steel-making methods
with higher requirements can also be used. If a certain melting method is required by the
Purchaser, it shall be specified in the contract.

5.2.2 Tube Billet Making Method

5.2.2.1 Tube billet can be made by continuous casting, mould casting or hot rolling (forging).

5.2.2.2 The continuous casting tube billet shall meet the requirements of YB/T 4149; the hot
rolled (forged) tube billet shall meet the requirements of YB/T 5221 or YB/T 5222; the mould
cast tube billet may follow the requirements for the hot rolled (forged) tube billet.

5.2.3 Steel Tube Making Method

The steel tube shall be made by hot rolling (expansion) or cold drawing (rolling) into seamless
steel tube. The requirements of the purchaser for specific steel tube making method shall be
indicated in the contract.

5.3 Delivery Conditions

5.3.1 The hot rolled (expanded) steel tubes can be delivered in the condition of hot rolling
(expansion) or heat treatment. The requirements of the purchaser for delivery in the status
of hot treatment shall be indicated in the contract.

5.3.2 The cold drawn (rolled) steel tubes shall be delivered in the condition of annealing
or high-temperature tempering. If required by the purchaser and specified in the contract after
negotiation, the cold drawn (rolled) steel tube can be delivered in the state of cold drawing
(rolling) or other heat treatments.

5.4 Mechanical Properties

5.4.1 Tensile Property

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GB/T 8162—2018

5.4.1.1 For high-quality carbon structural steel tubes and low-alloy high-strength structural
steel tubes, the tensile properties in delivery status shall comply with requirements in Table
7.

5.4.1.2 The tensile properties of samples made from alloy structural steel tube blanks after
heat treatment using the recommended heat treatment process in Table 8 shall meet the
requirements of Table 8.

5.4.1.3 The mechanical properties of the delivered steel tubes under the cold-drawn
(cold-rolled) status shall be determined by both the supplier and the purchaser.

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 GB/T 8162—2018

Table 7 Mechanical Properties of High-quality Carbon Structural Steel and Low-alloy

High-strength Structural Steel Tubes
Lower yield strength
Impact test
ReLa/MPa Elongation after
b
Tensile Nominal wall breaking Energy
Designation Quality
strength thickness S/mm A/% absorbed
Number grade
Rm/MPa ≤16 ＞16～30 ＞30 Temperature/°C KV2/J
Not less
Not less than
than
10 — ≥335 205 195 185 24 — —
15 — ≥375 225 215 205 22 — —
20 — ≥410 245 235 225 20 — —
25 — ≥450 275 265 255 18 — —
35 — ≥510 305 295 285 17 — —
45 — ≥590 335 325 315 14 — —
20Mn — ≥450 275 265 255 20 — —
25Mn — ≥490 295 285 275 18 — —
A — —
20
B +20
Q345 C 470～630 345 325 295 0 34
D 21 -20
E -40 27
A — —
18
B +20
Q390 C 490～650 390 370 350 0 34
D 19 -20
E -40 27
A — —
18
B +20
Q420 C 520～680 420 400 380 0 34
D 19 -20
E -40 27
C 0
34
Q460 D 550～720 460 440 420 17 -20
E -40 27
C 0 55
Q500 D 610～770 500 480 440 17 -20 47
E -40 31
C 0 55
Q550 D 670～830 550 530 490 16 -20 47
E -40 31
C 0 55
Q620 D 710～880 620 590 550 15 -20 47
E -40 31
C 0 55
Q690 D 770～940 690 660 620 14 -20 47
E -40 31
a
In the tensile test, if the ReL cannot be measured, Rp0.2 shall be measured instead.
b
If there are no special provisions in the contract, samples for tensile test may be taken along the longitudinal
or transverse direction of the steel tube.
In case of disagreement, the sample taken along the longitudinal direction of the steel tube shall be used
as an arbitration sample for the tensile test.

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 GB/T 8162—2018

Table 8 Mechanical Properties of Alloy Steel Tubes

Recommended Heat Treatment Process Tensile Properties Brinell
Quenching Hardness (HBW)
Tempering
(normalizing) of Steel Tubes
Elongati under
Tensile Lower yield
g on after Annealing or
No Designati strengt strength ReLM
Temperature/ breaking High-temperatu
. on Number Temperatur h RmMPa Pa
°C Coolan Coolan A% re Tempering
e/
t t Delivery
℃
status
First Secon
Not less than Not more than
time d time
Water, Water,
1 40Mn2 840 — 540 885 735 12 217
oil oil
Water, Water,
2 45Mn2 840 — 550 885 735 10 217
oil oil
Water,
3 27SiMn 920 — Water 450 980 835 12 217
oil
c Water,
4 40MnB 850 — Oil 500 980 785 10 207
oil
c Water,
5 45MnB 840 — Oil 500 1030 835 9 217
oil
c, f Water,
6 20Mn2B 880 — Oil 200 980 785 10 187
air
d, f Water, Water, 835 540 10 179
7 20Cr 880 800 200
oil air 785 490 10 179
Oil Water,
8 30Cr 860 — 500 885 685 11 187
oil
Oil Water,
9 35Cr 860 — 500 930 735 11 207
oil
Oil Water,
10 40Cr 850 — 520 980 785 9 207
oil
Oil Water,
11 45Cr 840 — 520 1 030 835 9 217
oil
Oil Water,
12 50Cr 830 — 520 1 080 930 9 229
oil
38CrSi Oil Water,
13 900 — 600 980 835 12 255
oil
d, f — Water, Water, 885 685 11 197
14 20CrMo 880 500
— oil oil 845 635 12 197
35CrMo Water,
15 850 — Oil 550 980 835 12 229
oil
42CrMo Water,
16 850 — Oil 560 1 080 930 12 217
oil
d — Water, Water, 980 835 12 229
17 38CrMoAl 940 640
— oil oil 930 785 14 229
50CrVA Water,
18 860 — Oil 500 1 275 1 130 10 255
oil
20CrMn Water,
19 850 — Oil 200 930 735 10 187
air
f
20CrMnSi Water,
20 880 — Oil 480 785 635 12 207
oil
f Water, 1 080 885 8 229
21 30CrMnSi 880 — Oil 520
oil 980 835 10 229
22 35CrMnSiA 880 — Oil 230 Water, 1 620 — 9 229

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 GB/T 8162—2018
f
air
e,
23 20CrMnTi 880 870 Oil 200 Water, 1 080 835 10 217
f
air
e,
24 30CrMnTi 880 850 Oil 200 Water, 1 470 — 9 229
f
air
25 12CrNi2 860 780 Water, 200 Water, 785 590 12 207
oil air
26 12CrNi3 860 780 Oil 200 Water, 930 685 11 217
air

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 GB/T 8162—2018

Table 8 (Cont.)
Recommended Heat Treatment System Tensile Properties Brinell
Quenching Hardness (HBW)
Tempering
(normalizing) of Steel Tubes
Elongati
Tensile Lower yield under
g on after
No Designati strengt strength ReLM Annealing or
Temperature/ breaking
. on Number h RmMPa Pa High-temperatu
°C Coolan Temperatu Coolan A%
re Tempering
t re (°C) t
Supply Status
First Secon
Not less than Not more than
time d time
12Cr2Ni4 Water,
27 860 780 Oil 200 1 080 835 10 269
air
40CrNiMoA Water,
28 850 — Oil 600 980 835 12 269
oil
45CrNiMoV
29 860 — Oil 460 Oil 1 470 1325 7 269
A
a
The allowable adjustment range of heat treatment temperatures listed in the table is: ±15°C for quenching, ±20°C
for low-temperature tempering and ±50°C for high-temperature tempering.
b
For tensile tests, transverse or longitudinal samples may be taken. In case of any objection, longitudinal samples
shall be used as arbitration basis.
c
Boron-containing steels can be normalized before being quenched and the normalizing temperature shall not be higher
than their quenching temperature.
d
The delivery shall be made according to a set of data specified by the purchaser, if not specified, the delivery
may be made according to any set of the data.
e
The first quenching of steels containing chromium, manganese and titanium can be replaced by normalizing.
f
Isothermal quenching at 280°C ~ 320°C.
g
In the tensile test, if the ReL cannot be measured, Rp0.2 can be measured instead.

5.4.2 Hardness

The brinell hardness of alloy structural steel tubes that are delivered at annealed or
high-temperature tempered condition, with a wall thickness of not less than 5 mm, shall comply
with Table 8.

5.4.3 Impact

5.4.3.1 For low-alloy high-strength structural steel tube with outside diameter not less than
70mm, and the wall thickness is not less than 6.5mm, the longitudinal impact test shall be
carried out. The test temperature and the impact absorbed energy of the Charpy V-notch impact
test shall comply with Table 7. The impact absorbed energy is calculated from the arithmetic
average of three samples per group, allowing the value of one sample to be less than the
specified value, but not less than 70% of the specified value.

5.4.3.2 In Table 7, the impact absorbed energy is the required absorbed energy in the Charpy
V-notch impact test of standard test specimens. If limited by the wall thickness of the steel
tube, the standard test specimens cannot be prepared, smaller sub-size specimen can be prepared
instead. If sub-size specimens is used, the minimum required absorbed energy in the Charpy
V-notch impact test shall be the required absorbed energy of standard specimens multiplied
by the decline factor in Table 9. The larger specimens dimensions shall be preferred for impact
test.

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GB/T 8162—2018

Table 9 Decline Factors of Impact Absorbed Energy of Sub-Size Sample

Sample specification Sample size (height×width)/mm Decline factor
Standard size 10×10 1.00
Smaller sample 10×7.5 0.75
Smaller sample 10×5 0.50

5.4.3.3 If required by the purchaser and specified in the contract after negotiation, the Charpy
V-notch impact test can also be conducted for the steel tube of other designations, The test
temperature, sample size, and impact absorbed energy shall be determined by the two parties.

5.5 Processing Properties

5.5.1 Flattening Test

The flattening test shall be conducted for steel tubes with designations of 10, 15, 20, 25,
20Mn, 25Mn, Q345 and Q390, nominal diameter D>22 mm to 600 mm, and the ratio of wall thickness
to outside diameter being not more than 10%.The distance between flattening plates of
flattening test shall comply with Table 10. After the flattening, the samples shall be free
of fissures or cracks.

Table 10 Distance between Plates for Flattening Test

a
Designation Number Distance between Plates for Flattening Test H /mm
10, 15, 20, 25 D×2/3
Q345, Q390, 20Mn, 25Mn D×7/8
a
The minimum distance (H) between plates for the flattening test shall be 5 times of the wall thickness of
the steel tubes.

5.5.2 Bending

If required by the purchaser and specified in the contract after negotiation, the bending test
may be carried out for the steel tube with the outside diameter of not more than 22mm, The
bending angle shall be 90°, the radius of the bending mandrel shall be 6 times the outside
diameter of the steel tube, and no fissure or crack is allowed after sample bending.

5.6 Surface quality

There shall be no visible cracks, folding, scarring, rolled pucker and delamination of the
internal and external surfaces of the steel tubes. These defects shall be completely removed,
and the removal depth shall not exceed the lower deviation of the nominal wall thickness. The
actual wall thickness at the treatment location shall be not less than the allowable minimum
of wall thickness. Other partial defects that do not exceed the lower deviation of wall
thickness are allowed.

5.7 Non-Destructive testing

If required by the purchaser and specified in the contract after negotiation, the steel tubes
can be nondestructively tested using one or more of the following methods:
a) Ultrasonic testing shall be carried out according to the provisions of GB/T 5777-2008 to contrast
the depth level of sample tube groove: cold-drawn (rolled) tube is L3 and hot-rolled (expanded)
steel tube is L4;

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GB/T 8162—2018

b) Eddy current testing shall be carried out according to the provisions of GB/T 7735-2016, and
it shall conform to the requirements of acceptance level E4H or E4;

c) Magnetic flux leakage testing shall be carried out according to the provisions of GB/T 12606-2016,
and it shall conform to the requirements of acceptance level F4.

5.8 Galvanized coating

If required by the purchaser and specified in the contract after negotiation, the steel tube
can be galvanized for delivery, To deliver the galvanized steel tube, the relevant requirements
of the galvanized coating shall comply with Appendix A.

6 Test method

6.1 The analytical sampling of the chemical composition of the steel tubes shall comply with
GB/T 20066. Chemical component analysis shall be usually conducted according to GB/T 4336,
GB/T 20123, GB/T 20124, GB/T 20125 or other general methods, and the arbitration shall be
conducted according to the provisions of GB/T 223.5, GB/T 223.9, GB/T 223.11, GB/T 223.12,
GB/T 223.14, GB/T 223.19, GB/T 223.23, GB/T 223.26, GB/T 223.37, GB/T 223.40, GB/T 223.59,
GB/T 223.60, GB/T 223.62, GB/T 223.63, GB/T 223.68, GB/T 223.78, GB/T 223.84, GB/T 223.86 and
GB/T 20125.

6.2 The size and shape of the steel tube shall be measured by measuring tools that meet the
requirements for accuracy.

6.3 The internal and external surfaces of the steel tubes shall be visually inspected under
sufficient illumination.

6.4 The sampling method and test method for other inspection items of the steel tube shall
comply with Table 11.

Table 11 Test Items, Sampling Quantities, Sampling Methods and Test Methods for Steel Tubes
Sampling
No. Test Items Sampling quantities Test method
method
1 Chemical composition One sample from each furnace GB/T 20066 See 6.1
2 Tensile test One sample from two pieces of steel tube per batch GB/T 2975 GB/T 228.1
3 Hardness One sample from two pieces of steel tube per batch GB/T 231.1 GB/T 231.1
Three sample from two pieces of steel tube per
4 Impact test GB/T 2975 GB/T 229
batch
5 Flattening test One sample from two pieces of steel tube per batch GB/T 246 GB/T 246
6 Bending test One sample from two pieces of steel tube per batch GB/T 244 GB/T 244
7 Ultrasonic testing One by one — GB/T 5777—2008
8 Eddy current testing One by one — GB/T 7735—2016
Magnetic flux leakage GB/T
9 One by one —
testing 12606—2016
10 Galvanized coating See Appendix A

7 Rules for inspection

7.1 Inspection and Acceptance

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GB/T 8162—2018

The inspection and acceptance of the steel tube shall be carried out by the supplier's quality
and technical supervision department.

7.2 Rules for batch setting

7.2.1 Steel tube shall be checked and accepted by batches.

7.2.2 If heat-treatment is not carried out on the steel pipe cut into a single piece, all
sections of the pipes rolled from the same billet shall be regarded as one piece.

7.2.3 The steel tubes in one batch shall have the same designation, the same furnace number,
the same specification and the same heat treatment system (melting time). The quantity of each
batch of steel tubes shall not exceed the following requirements:
a) The outside diameter not greater than 76mm and the wall thickness not greater than 3mm: 400
pieces.

b) The outside diameter more than 351mm: 50 pieces;

c) Other size: 200 pieces.

d) If the quantity of remaining steel tubes is not less than 50% of the above specifications, they
shall be separately grouped into a batch; if the quantity of remaining steel tubes is less than
50% of the above specifications, they shall be included into the adjacent batch with the same
designation, the same furnace number, and the same specification.

7.3 Sampling quantities

The sampling quantities for different test items of the steel tube shall comply with Table
11.

7.4 Rules for re-inspection and determination

The rules for re-inspection and determination of the steel tubes shall comply with GB/T 2102.

8 Packing, marking and quality certificate

The packing, marking and quality certificate of the steel tubes shall comply with GB/T 2102.

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GB/T 8162—2018

Appendix A
(annex normative)
Galvanized Coating

A.1 Scope

This appendix specifies the technical requirements for hot-dip galvanized coatings of seamless
steel tube for structural purposes.

A.2 Manufacturing method

If required by the purchaser and specified in the contract after negotiation, high-quality
carbon structural steels and low-alloy high-strength structural steel tubes with a minimum
specified yield strength of not more than Q460 can be galvanized on the inner and outer surfaces
of steel tubes by hot-dip galvanizing.

A.3 Theoretical weight of galvanized steel tube

The theoretical weight per unit length of galvanized steel tubes with a wall thickness of common
specifications shall be calculated according to formula (A.1). The theoretical weight per unit
length of the galvanized steel tubes with a wall thickness of other specifications shall be
determined by both the Supplier and the Purchaser through negotiation and specified in the
contract.

Wˊ=cW ………………………………(A.1)

Wherein:

Wˊ – theoretical weight per unit length of steel tubes after galvanizing, in kilograms per
meter (kg/m);

W – theoretical weight per unit length of steel tubes before galvanizing, in kilograms per
meter (kg/m);

c – weight coefficient of the galvanized coating, see Table A.1, Table A.2.
2
Table A.1 Weight Coefficient of 300 g/m Galvanized Coating
Nominal wall thickness/mm 2.0 2.2 2.5 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0
Coefficient c 1.038 1.035 1.031 1.027 1.025 1.024 1.022 1.019 1.017 1.015
Nominal wall thickness/mm 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0 9.5 10
Coefficient c 1.014 1.013 1.012 1.011 1.010 1.010 1.009 1.008 1.008 1.008
Nominal wall thickness/mm 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Coefficient c 1.007 1.006 1.006 1.005 1.005 1.005 1.004 1.004 1.004 1.004

2
Table A.2 Weight Coefficient of 500 g/m Galvanized Coating
Nominal wall thickness/mm 2.0 2.2 2.5 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0
Coefficient c 1.064 1.058 1.051 1.045 1.042 1.040 1.036 1.032 1.028 1.025
Nominal wall thickness/mm 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0 9.5 10
Coefficient c 1.023 1.021 1.020 1.018 1.017 1.016 1.015 1.014 1.013 1.013
Nominal wall thickness/mm 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Coefficient c 1.012 1.011 1.010 1.009 1.008 1.008 1.007 1.007 1.007 1.006

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GB/T 8162—2018

A.4 Weight of galvanized coating

A.4.1 The weight of galvanized coating from hot-dip galvanizing method shall be measured
according to the requirements of A.5. The total weight per unit area of galvanized coating
2
inside and outside the steel tube shall be not less than 300 g/m .

A.4.2 If required by the purchaser and specified in the contract after negotiation, the
2
galvanized steel tube with a total weight of less than 500 g/m per unit area of the internal
and external galvanized coating may be supplied. To deliver the steel tube with the total weight
2
per unit area of the galvanized coating of 500 g/m , it is allowed that total weight per unit
2
area of the internal and external galvanized coating of one sample is less than 500 g/m , but
2
not less than 480 g/m .

A.5 Method for measurement of weight of galvanized coating (Antimony chloride)

A.5.1 Preparation of sample

The weight of galvanized costing shall be measured after galvanizing steel tube. Take A 30mm
to 60mm (subject to the specification and size) segment from one end of two steel tubes in
each batch shall be taken as samples. The surface of the sample shall be free of roughness
and zinc tumor. The surface of the samples shall be cleaned with pure solvent such as benzene,
petroleum benzene, trichloroethylene or carbon tetrachloride, then rinsed with ethanol and
washed with clean water, before applying varnish (phenol) on the end face of the samples and
drying it thoroughly.

A.5.2 Preparation of test solution

Dissolve 32g antimony butter (SbCl3) or 20g antimony trioxide (Sb2O3) in 1,000mL hydrochloric
3
acid with a density of 1.18kg/dm or more to prepare original solution. Before testing, add
3
5mL original solution into 100mL hydrochloric acid with a density of 1.18 kg/dm or above to
prepare test solution.

A.5.3 Test procedures

A.5.3.1 Weigh the sample with the balance,round to proximal 0.01g.

A.5.3.2 Immerse the sample in the test solution, one sample at a time and the liquid level
above the sample. The temperature of the solution shall not be higher than 38°C during the
measurement.

A.5.3.3 If less hydrogen is generated when the sample is immersed in the solution and the
galvanized coating has disappeared, take out the sample. Rinse the sample with clean water
and dry it with cotton or clean cloth. After being completely dried, weigh it on the balance,
round to proximal 0.01g.

A.5.3.4 After the galvanized coating of sample strips, measure the outside diameter and inner
diameter in two perpendicular directions at the ends of the sample, and take the average value
as the actual outside diameter and inner diameter, round to proximal 0.01mm.

A.5.3.5 The test solution can be reused when it is still able to easily remove the galvanized
coating.

A.5.4 Calculation of Test Results

A.5.4.1 The surface area of the sample is calculated by Formula (A.2):

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GB/T 8162—2018

A＝π(D＋d)h …………………………(A.2)
Wherein:

A - the surface area of the sample after the galvanized coating strips (m2);
π - the ratio of the circumference, assume as 3.1416;
D - the outside diameter of the sample after the galvanized coating strips (m);
d - the inner diameter of the sample after the galvanized coating strips (m);
h - the length of sample (m).
A.5.4.2 The reduced weight according to the second weighing is to be calculated by Formula
(A.3):

△m＝m1－m2 …………………………(A.3)

Wherein:

△m - the reduced weight according to the second weighing (g);

m1 - the weight of the sample before the galvanized coating strips (g);
m2 - the weight of the sample after the galvanized coating strips (g);
A.5.4.3 The weight of the galvanized coating is to be calculated by Formula (A.4):

mA＝Δm／A …………………………(A.4)
Wherein:

mA - the weight of the galvanized coating (g/m2);

△m - the reduced weight according to the second weighing (g);

A - the surface area of the sample after the galvanized coating strips (m2).
A.5.4.4 The thickness (approximate) of the galvanized coating of galvanized pipe is to be
calculated by Formula (A.5).

e＝mA／7.14 …………………………(A.5)
Wherein:

e - the approximate value of thickness of the galvanized coating (µm);

mA - the weight of the galvanized coating (g/m2);
A.6 Homogeneity of Galvanized Coating

Galvanized steel tube shall be tested for homogeneity of galvanized coating by the method
provided in A.7. During the test, sample (except for welds) shall not become red (plated copper
color) after continuously impregnated in copper sulfate solution for 5 times.

A.7 Test Method for Homogeneity of Galvanized Coating (Impregnated in Copper Sulphate)

A.7.1 Preparation of sample

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GB/T 8162—2018

The homogeneity of galvanized coating shall be measured after galvanizing steel tube. Take
a 150mm (at least) segment from one end of two steel tubes in each batch as sample. The oil
stain on the surface of the sample shall be removed first before cleaning the surface with
a clean soft cloth.

A.7.2 Preparation of test solution

Dissolve 33g copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4·5H2O) or about 36g industrial copper sulfate
in 100mL distilled water, and add the excessive powdery copper hydroxide [Cu(OH)2] or alkaline
copper carbonate (chemically pure) [CuCO3-Cu(OH)2] to neutralize the free acid. To add copper
hydroxide, about 10g per 10L solution; to add alkaline copper carbonate, about 12g per 10L
solution. To judge whether it is excessive or not by observing precipitate at the bottom of
the container. At the same time, stir well, and 24h later, filter it. If powdered copper oxide
(CuO) is used instead of cupric hydroxide, about 8g per 10L solution, but filter after 48h.
3
The density of the prepared test solution is 1.170 kg/dm under 15℃.

A.7.3 Test container

A.7.3.1 Test containers shall be made of materials relatively inert to copper sulfate.

A.7.3.2 The internal dimensions of the container must be appropriate to ensure that the immersed
sample in the solution has clearance of at least 25 mm from any wall of the container.

A.7.4 Test procedures

A.7.4.1 The sample shall have the cut end down and the length immersed in the solution shall
be not less than 100mm, continuously impregnated 5 times in copper sulfate solution. During
the test, the temperature of the sample and solution shall be kept at 15℃~21℃, and no stirring
is allowed. The sample shall be continuously immersed for 1min each time. After taking out,
the sample shall be cleaned immediately in the flowing water, and the black precipitate shall
be cleaned up with the soft brush before being dried with soft cloth.

A.7.4.2 Except for the final impregnation, the sample shall be immersed in the solution
immediately.

A.7.4.3 The test solution shall be discarded, no longer used, after 20 times of impregnation.

A.7.5 Determination of Test Results

After 5 times of successive impregnation and final cleaning and drying, no red color (plated
copper color) shall be observed. However, it is acceptable that red metallic copper precipitate
appear within 25mm from the end of the sample and 10mm from the liquid level.

For any red metallic copper precipitate on the sample, the adhesion property can be determined
by the following method: after immersed in 1:10 hydrochloric acid solution for 15s and
immediately wash in the flowing water, and if the galvanized coating appear again on the bottom
surface, the sample is acceptable.

When there is a doubt about the existence of the galvanized coating on the bottom of the red
metallic copper precipitate, scrap away the red metallic copper precipitate, and drip one or
a few drops of diluted hydrochloric acid here. If there is galvanized coating, there will be
reactive hydrogen produced. In addition, it can be determined by the qualitative test of zinc,
that is to collect the dripping acid solution with the small filter paper or the pipette and
neutralize it with ammonium hydroxide to make it faintly acid. Inject hydrogen sulfide into
the solution to see whether there is white zinc sulfide precipitate.
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GB/T 8162—2018

A.8 Adhesion of galvanized coating

After the steel tube with an outside diameter not greater than 60.3mm is galvanized, the bending
test shall be carried out to test the adhesion of the galvanized coating. During the test,
the bending test sample shall contain no filling, the bending radius shall be 8 times the outside
diameter of the steel tube, and the bending angle shall be 90°. After test, there shall be
no stripping of galvanized coating on the sample.

If required by the purchaser and specified in the contract after negotiation, the flattening
test can be carried out to test the adhesion of galvanized steel tube with a diameter of more
than 60.3mm. The length of the flattening test sample shall be not less than 64mm. During the
test, when the distance between the two plates is 3/4 of the outside diameter of the steel
tube, there shall be no stripping of galvanized coating on the sample.

A.9 Surface quality of galvanized coating

The galvanized coating on the internal and external surfaces of the steel tube shall be intact,
without black spots and bubbles, allowing for small rough surface and some zinc tumors.

The surface of galvanized steel tube can be passivated.

A.10 Inspection before galvanizing

The size, shape, surface, mechanical properties and technological properties of the steel tube
shall be inspected before galvanizing.

A.11 Test method

A.11.1 The internal and external surfaces of the steel tube galvanized coating shall be visually
inspected under sufficient illumination.

A.11.2 The sampling method and test method for other inspection items of the steel tube
galvanized coating shall comply with Table A.3.

Table A.3 Sampling quantities, sampling method and test method for steel tube galvanized
coating
Sampling
No. Test Items Sampling quantities Test method
method
Measurement of Weight of Take a longitudinal sample from each of two steel
1 See A.5 See A.5
Galvanized Coating tubes from each batch.
Homogeneity Test of Galvanized Take a longitudinal sample from each of two steel
2 See A.7 See A.7
Coating tubes from each batch.
Inspection of Adhesion of GB/T 244 GB/T GB/T 244 GB/T
3 One per batch
Galvanized Coating 246 246

A.12 Rules for batch setting

Each batch of galvanized steel tube is made up of the steel tube in the same batch before
galvanizing and with the same weight level of galvanized coating.

18