a TART FANT a at cearg gprs SI AfeirT-aEMT IL. 8. 8 Whom the Sages, the Makers of Hymns, the Wise Ones, And the Gods also, sought with Fervour and with Effort, Her, the Divine Speech, with this offering we pray, May She vouchsafe Welfare unto the World. |Wana: Test your understanding, English translation and exercises on page 28. then — afer are forge: — gfet tra! atyad qr 7? aan — any ad, ad eter eT AH Bat Hepa aTCH HGH Geeta ‘frere: — ear 24 aire — ary ard 8 fren: — Sa: Breu | ee: TA Fay 6 that — (wet rey ea, aa aes 77 angi — 4H are angi frere: — wat ATH, Gat ar ate: Fieg: AH a P them — sane, sae | ra eT apsTTATeT 710 fara: — PATER HH TTS are Cane whey ee Pree: A 7" sargit — Prez, aniaterar gti! fren: — arf, ag dep sath | sire — ard, way ferent aig afore forry aren: way afta tt farerap: — erm oft 2 arene, 2 Toa, 7/5 wpe — 5 fier emcee) ore fed 1 warner free: — wea a sreeeRT7 stat — sd, aaa reg seer oT fae a etfs fara: — raft, cre sree afer wea afe a ee, A Sars |? tha — ad, war wer aT 7-0 freee: — a: TT wera P! afrem — a: aRer 2? fveyape — were rere Ee fe) camera] TER AA 223 areet — sary are, carafe 2 9 fern: — ary) et oT Her ate a aTshewaPeTPs arg — sepyfranfin aehseg, ard 126 frre: — area yada P7fedrarara: Fill in the blanks with any of the following words given within brackets. English translation, answers and exercises on page 29. [orar, fren, AeaesR:, Tavis, TET |] Lm) a. aft ste am, aT até... afer afta er? oe... a (@) wa... mae. 4, He. wt... afa? areata, ae... a avast 2 at a wera ? a... are Oo) saat... afew... afer? ae are: after 2 art area. cafes ? sraeia| ota apis. . . afta 2 [oten, tae, There, arore:, festa:, ade: i] % Ba! wa. .? SET HEA... ST A: Sr aa ‘mer srmfteatar 2 aa fas wary rey eee arf wera 7 ; aeerag | arenhry A ore aT Be TH YET, aT laa waa: ATA ? AAA... a a ea, HH Qe raf weg Sahrenth SPARE: | Urere: Make sentences as shown in the third column. Word-meanings on page 35. ee 2 3 (&) | frares, sre, Cae, fiarere, oftaee, waren, | stera: areafa Seem, sean, aera, sates, seer, | ares: greater [7 [2]: 1 a af i area : arr T— we we |e ane Trent F: aR ae FH are TAR ar afereT | ey al aferant Tafa . er ; ore ae: fr ara are: arate eiaafeer || | ge fe aati war wary rafal vat [7 wet raftEnglish translation and answers on page 35. wife cafe 2 oe. warn eR, arpa, afta, farm, eee] wa ei Taft 2 ae... verfiny [Rind vey, A SH, BSA, ASA, BY, sTATY|] wi aidan vale ? ad... venfhi [umarn, free, fray, agate, Tear] wi pa welt 2 ad... cern [frere4, serene, feat’, erarara, 721] wd whet vote 2 et. . verhy [ward, Teme, STATS, ATES, TH, erat] qe Re aren 2 ah. re) fe, oes, a, ah, wT, Erie] aera... wer) [terres vers, tee, Te, TEI] ae fer are? ae. are) [eT ardlecy, aad sae TAT apt eet GR are) (aT, waar, freroreraal, Fea GARNI] qe fered eres at. ere) [Stareroa, eareqera, qenfrarer |]WSTaTa: English translation and answers on page 43. fantigant — secre fsa Gai ?! ata: — al, ue: eerfiy fepisa arate ofa 2 folie — vind 2fe aa agra: afenft aa 8 ag — ard, HH afer eet fatirat — aa afar ga? ea qa el — arf © fairs — apa: qae-afsai a erie 27 Sal — oro Shen are | array 6 fofaeet — sec: afaeat a wenftn ce: afsaty ante? iit: — ari, ag afc syta aaa) war arf fester to Serres — Tay rare er ae |) Ceetafe fefarent — aver apraaifarnt satin (omer afer) eae afta |2 aa — aq ar 13 foliar — afaiva: peareed oan wisft are erat” ofa teria 214 afta, — a, a were: Geary wa fas ra 21S fatten — vfsiet pre: quran argfere 6 cafiafiney — fiawaty arf 17 Referer — sree arrest ae !® safety, — apftenta 9 foftren — arr va ged a yeenfin eevee Ch: eee safe fae at a 720 oor — 44 9 ari?! farfirenr — aeisfi atts ye anf 722 frenra: —ae arf sry 124 fatten — wh: fret ea - dh ai wear e4 frera: — qafaentae> Farfirert — ary 26 APM, CAA TET — OTe Ye Ps 2 TST YS Ha ? cM: Ye Ba ? Aaa: yx pHa? sfrhna: ye qa? Eh pe a 7 eh pe apa 2 eres en ae 2 sage: Rae we 2 eco: fe am 2 Bere: ferent ae? safnforr: fircmt a: ? Tae fleet ame 2 ees fire ae 2 7eT fa - wa 7: am] ea? ae sat: ‘fren ae 2 Table | > NGAI THT ? Pair, a vas fiery? a & a ae et fren Table 2 > WAI afar waa a dq Me [=r GHD mw war (ae) a wait + Te TS Table 3 > at an wea afta, a 7 q “H+ FT = A AST + at = aga 8Table 4 > Table 5 > frerd fer fim trae ? faa FEI aa vata | arm aaat | + afer safe tl fants pe ‘ae + 5 = WA we oO Se ey, a ae, aa at cat a a S94 SoH, SLI Fes, TE Wan eae a aa, A aT fee HAT? ret qed ret we, st A Bhs, A Fe PA, ETL TT, AL A: A TE ART Ta TST TT: A ATH eI We eae, eT eT, B: Gs athe) foamy yeahs ? of aa afer Tem, sary seta ata Additional material on pp, 62 and 63. 9AT ANaTe: English translation and answers on page 47. arr TTT eT — &. eG: daft 2 aa Pay? u, wa wey, sesh 2 & taf Tet &. ofeeaa ? 3, ae aft gata 9. aS) ‘6. aa wash Ter GR, OG, 4, #8, WH, ae, WH, we, FR, ‘ Te, AC, TS, AY, BA, UF, 1, a, TH, OFF! m) TOI, TSA, AA, TAF, ANT, TI, YA, HET, aiea, aria, aera, Area, wera, ae, TT, ana, aaa, sare, frets, oota, =ets, sins, ATT, TA, Ws, HG, FT, EY, Wa, Weal @ wea, ale, ye, wea, ta, fers, ea, 6. Sa ATS wT | &. Gh a: aed 2 a fy? 2 aft srs) 3. ae aft ama Ve, FS, FS, WY, WA, Ge, 5, a4, , Sh! wey, ofa, To, war, wre, Peas, oe, atea, an, dor, Aa, Ares, are, FT, UG, VS, Wa, BH, WH, WIS, Ts, wR, Fe, %, aa wast svar 4, Bi: SL TTS: 2 % ER... 2 aa eq? @ as. 2 weqafa... 4. Fa TITY. 4... AISA, CAA, Wes, BA, ARG, ENA, 14, WereSEAMS: Corresponding slokas on page 48. WPM TIT! TT — 316 a 2 wel oe: 2 ae ar ee Hr? Se Hh: 2 Ta? ard ae 2 Se a? aE Aa Tie! sé everett! ad ae ad ter af ae wer ae mA camber cet saeet: anPa ? we: cer: TPT? ated wecet: anPRT 2 wet aT PS? aT eT feet 7 Fa ar aa? “yer TS | Table 1 > arerant Tare) aT — ani pai on wi path d aa Gotan ad oi asi Gof ey ei a poh way wai wits peofa ae of ei eat ae at ret Geena ore ea fa ea sem gai ena qearfint Table 2 >NOTE: ‘The suffixes a1, 4, ar, amy are added to the words ending in #1. Hence remove {and add the remainder when you have feminine words ending in %, ¥, 3, ®, e.g., salam CHAT) = TTT eet = wae aria = wre rita = TTT Similarly 71, 3, +:, ft are added to neuter words ending in ¥ and 3, e.g., afern, safer, after: aftat, srr, arg’, args:;, argh Hence remove 7 and add the remainder to AOR, €.g., WA (AIA) = Vea ae = TET aR = AeA Tey = wafer In fact, this remainder is added to the words where no suffix is specified, e.g., TY A = AT TS = Ta = TR YE = PR ST = TA, SRA er = a RT +e = STRAT TTT! Fe — aT Be TY Feats 2 ate eT Te TT Peo ate BF Te (aren eA) aE Ta Perea ae wen afer Cairns) ae TE reef are vee Craet-sT) Ae TH Seo Ae Ta (TIT ST) Te TT Fea Table 3 > Use @feqa, wfaqn, siefiqy in place of 74, e erm ae Sieg serine on -oe wig eof 2 ne en ae wi sented wa Te arefigy seaft 2 até cer ae arefiqy yanth wan ae Gfegy pee ? are 12aPMPL TTA AAT — wi tet fort cafe ae qed fed cae) ae we arenes fers cerfin are ae aiferar’ frert cathy ae wack Created) front cart are sett (reese) frert warfa Table 4 > SET TIT! TAT — we oe ats Tae Te aera ore Te aT ae are TEM: safersHTAT: wt afeenit sé waren: (Wades) oe afeentn ae soe: Crass) Wt afeenfa way 1 Fa Say? Table 5 >APRN TFT Table 6 > RMP TIA) TE — ofa uafea: afer cafe Qevfes: safe afer ate (aresee) Serf: safe wea afearat teaefes: afer ware (racism) @erafers: safer afer Crrass) aver: safe Table 7 >ATA: Answers on page 49. air, wh & attr seat wa az, wa Hea eM (3) WeRTeRT Breet wateRT agéa vaqa tea wae SUN aefernfe: fara: rare, seenftert, Taree, frac ori: wat: It AeA sree: (sre: raf), wafererey (ra: + firey), wrereentterey (wa: eM), FATT, wante:, arate, sarafer: (ra sate:) | aafaeter: Cag: Pirie), aa erere (ag: + fer), aqaenfted (aq: rented), ager, Aqae:, aqarafer, aqtafa: (aq: Tafa)! wafanfer, refer, recente, Weer, weahe, eae, wera arian, Caareifen (eam arate.) are (Fes Tver), aaa (Bs area), epee (ae arate), arene: Casi), Teva: (grain), Tarif: Create), sreritfe: Gres sreifer), wratts 15RANT: English translation and answers on page 50. farsrey-fartrrot-waim: warm! we eet wa fey’ wR: are ‘Usp: veo P wer: fear: 8 Tort area Te afar 6 wet fafa: vary va — aa 3 ta, ya, wee|!0 wae — THic:, stony, afta t6 aha — ye: va, gatl!! Ae — aren, sere, aet!? Ta — Tag, vee, war? Po > He: Say, Ws We 5 2e:, wea, afters wes — site, yor, fora? @4 > art, war, srqorql4 frre ae, at, YEH 20 ‘ayia —> area, arfere, faarls mir > Hr, anh, wi?! Waa | Aguas: | ves, Be, ar, SA, ayy, Reta, faerea! ere: [arseet_[ ee wwf wae aay, | ere, ire, Geta, Arh, fey, sora or, firae:, faeree:, steam, fra, dae 4rary, Th: A Ta aT wh TTL | & eet t wet 2 wa ware: fire: are: Afr Ten 1 were & age: at sent aru aay a eat ae eh afer oe: | ye 7 qeth 7a a feat ar ane are wit ph a et ot waa wa ue wee a eae * meant ure: sf aft Hen THTWHS: English translation and answers on page 50. 4. fee aqwafa 2? oH fm? x. ad wash sq ee Siar 3, asf aquatar 4, Raa rufa weats 2 ¢. aque ars area 3, are of aquaria &. Tay opulent 2 ) Treas, TA, Fe, Te, flrs, 77, fers, Fore, fara, ye, ers, 4, foa, am, Fer, BR, o, Tt, Wa, BM, Fe! ™ aun, aie, eafafer es, 7H, 7G, WR, fers, ar, fers, fore, fies, ye, era, | % Be, fora, SM, Fra, SH, 9, Bt, Wa, EM, Few afin, wom, vir, sufi, fae, sea, fr, | arte, sate) aur, 2, alatesSIesara: English translation and answers on page 52. qa th pad & 2 qa oe: ? ad oe AH 2 oe we: 2 ? ST: Gee: 7 ae Py alice frame atrraqada/ferra: | Ta aPararoa antec aha avatar qaca: fra: | aera: afpayarercpr are, afer: erera | ay Savaet: aa MTHTaT: | For sandihi rules see page 56. GY =U AS AY AS wITE | afar ae: = afar ae=arfareyeas st aaa!) frais frases: =fira sas at=frera: 7 | ar at wa aeH a ¥ canftsent a afr Tablel > (2 _|*? w +3R a |? Bole t—— or —— war se, | Safat vet “act | gate lave: | faq at er Ee Pe ae aa eerste ars: ere: | a4 Fae: STA: | ae ager: afer yaaa: Pewra: | ae wah: Yes at | TTT ame, arta | ya | sreary 88, aires Table2— | |, 3 lara, ofa, fir, wg [etre + | eer, art anferent, gate, aft, vadt | ert aren + : apr, Fa, +mTable 3 > Table 4 > “BIER + TH: = ATE: See foot-note on page 27. 20Table 5 > Table 6 >Table 7 > “ATER + WY = ITY! Sce foot-note on page 27. TT, aa oa 3 a: ee: Qa Sar ar a Fay SAE squat: ote: &: one: aft: anf: gery sere er: ae: we se aT ae sree ae: ae: We: sara: QaRY eT FT AAPL Ta ATTA AE Wary Ferg Ay rg Oy oy % fir wey: A WY a Gua ae... * qatenfrerentitinat:, arenes wer arer: ofa aha eat vate Additional material on p. 63. 22Fae: English wanslation and answers on page 54. aT TTT) Te 8. aM, ata arta: 2. Gat 3 arta: 2 3.4 fe art! x. fee ay safe a arta 2 4. aa wish arta dad at a arta: 6, UA AT ary Aaa SA a A sre :, eat ania... 2 aA... 3.4 fe ard! «fe gay afta... ? [4 at ais. ach ara 6, UF AY Gary aa. © BRM TTT) TAT ad, ee da aparar 2. arany aft a aera 3. fend gai 3 orartiay ? ‘. fe yay ofa 4 stains ? 4, Soa at, wt wash 3 ara 6. URL TY) aH aa Sa wa: Ae eT: | we TT TTATS: English translation and answers on page 54. arent Trt) ae — 2. wae: Baa 2 aa fe? 4, ot Sf sarees 2 2 aft Sat &, ri afrera ? 3, Fe aft 33) a aaa “ad wasft Game 6. area aR oer = ay, se, Fer, aren, Fee, ea, Te, ART, ere, yen, =, BT, oe Perle? % a am, oH, faren, arqene, Wen, weiter, 3 aftr @ . sree af area rt ash » A eft woh, ER Hh eh | TD HER? =m aa.. ? we, ' 6... ™ Fen, FET, Poem, ows, wea, STOTT, | occa) at A cera, wrae, frre, FT eo & tad 2 a5 fer? 2 asf ate 3. weg aft anv. ae waste amamfer 4. wm: wy eae: 2 erat, Fen, 0, BT, FTarray TIT! Te — a. am, ara 3 Sera sf gay aft a aad ? 2. Fat 1 Bat? 4. od wast Saree | has Ta Aaa 3a fe arf! &. Use A TY! Gary atte Aaa wa: A Sere . ad, sat 4 a ea, are, Ser, fer, argr, aa, | 5 (#) oem, Fen, Weta, SEERA aed) fe yy aft. ? ts aaa, ada, aad, wa, Ter, gat wish. aa da. i, Fea, TEA &, Ue A ANY! Fay aes. 2. at, a aha sae xs, fe gay aft = ataeay? 2 arany aft + stearate 4. TT, ard, aa Sasha a orearater 3. ferret gai A arate ? &, Use AF SG) ay aeys Bae UH: A STeeT: | ee Sar, WN, Ber, Fare, ART, TAT, 2 say afta... wan, Te, WaT, ATHAM a. fad gata. x. fe gay aft 7 4, aay aah, at Base. 8. UR NY BE Ty. ) ® Swe, Fed, FETT! Page 61, No. 2 aa -wifta: aa Gay, Where there is peace, there is happiness. w4a everywhere. wa in one place, Far ra aft cer are 4 aarftn set ane aan ae ei a -ag1 When you speak, I don’t. When I speak, you keep quiet. WI, 741 always. THI once upon a time. oH, fem, S17 or. A never. FT in olden days. frat day. fret without, wen fren wer ya: Like father, like son. freq lie, x¢ wien stacy This is altogether false. wea all of a sudden. a4 then, used for an auspicious beginning. fé, ag indeed. ¥4 like. af wy afer afé er qe If you have money then give it in charity. J on the other hand. @, fq, 74 but. w is used for emphasis. ea waa! ef is used for completing the quotation, depd qater were wae He AAT Heaala “The Sanskrit ought to be the national language of India”, says the Mother. %@ here. uff to, towards, 74 above. waft now. 25ageraet Examples on page 55, INSTRUCTIONS: L. "a changes to'’ (Perf), eg. a ery ave: GiTs+q). gw: aH aE! Row No, 4, 2. Inthe column ‘fafiryefersy if the suffix has already an“v’ do not add another. e.g., 2441 ‘fairies G2a* (9e+ea). Row No. 2. & fang aay? Row No. 7. Foot-note on p. 27. 263. In Row No. 2 the ‘#’ in the suffixes change to 4 if the subject is 7, ¢.g., OTT Vor) a ag wiser sind, wel rene 2 wr: eer arrearage oda 4. In Row No. 2 join both the suffixes to the #17474 roots, e.g., 31a sTai emma (Ta aro Rats Sarai efter (are gers sera +B)" 1 sare, sara aver (was aaraeB) 2 we savas srararae Grea ara+feyi sarat fafinghé arkafe cara+qsfy* | Replace @ by 7 if the subject is 74, e.g., ote ae amen | a: ah saftey | sare, act revere 2 a aa, seararafee |e fate ef 3. In Row No. 4 there is no suffix in the column ‘#44’, e.g., #1 931 6. From Row No. 3 onwards use ‘Wi: 44 atv: instead of ‘sf’, e.g. qi vam ee SRT TE TY we AG ae GS ee A ae 7. The preceding suffix follows the empty blocks, e.g., In Row No. 3 a 4aq ast (asst). a fafinphe wang: aay arerrer qe fairs Tem In Row No. 4 a fafingteh we: | ct fafizqetas safer: In Row No, 6 =: fafingdtes sae a: fafineias arte In Row No. 7: # arveary th Pafioghs cdr w: at artery In Row No. 8 a: 3a seaH Fat fafinghas wSaqu w: Gay sera (ai faire wa: you should read properly, Actually fafiaqdary means ‘as per rules prescribed in the Shastras’.) 8. Ignore the bracketed words and you have a song: TTT aa a: art @: fafa anf orf om am, TE TI ara: aa ara wa, & & fe fee waa, a aq wa faa, 2 = oa sait ath... fag a 8, A aT WLS, Ta TN was. A AY ah, Us Ta] Cara aq ry gam, Wa Tay aE a a... 9. Add the above suffixes to : 4%, 43, 74, Bei (TAT) vary, fired, Ga (smile), BE Gump). Great) “sa abate: 9 nee: oer care’ sf cefimnitr: feed oper aareufa wert’ sft ars sant warert ated eraren feeregfi: fagefirs 27WaaTars: 1, Good morning, Sir ! 2. Good morning, Geeta ! Is everything ok ? 3.Yes Sir, everything is ok. Here is my friend who wants to speak Sanskrit. 4, Is itso 75. Yes, Sir !6. A good idea. What is hername ? 7. (To her friend) Tell, tell your name. 8. My name is Madhuri. 9. A sweet name, anice name. I think, her father’s name is Saroj. 10. Yes, Sir. How did you know ? 11. By facial resemblance. He was my classmate. (To Madhuri) Where is your residence ? 12, Near-by, half a kilometre away. 13. Madhuri, you do speak Sanskrit ! 14, Sir, she has studied two years in the school. But she is afraid. 15. Afraid ? Of what ? Of speaking ? 16. No, Sir. I am afraid of grammar. I can't mug up. 17. Mugging up is not necessary. 18. Sir, that is what I told her, She does not believe it. 19, Madhuri, you see our method, If you don’t like it, don’t come. 20. Sir, when should she come ? 21. She can come tomorrow. 22. Tomorrow when ? 23. At7 inthe morning. (To Madhuri) Can you come ? 24. Yes, Sir. I will come. 25. Good. Don’t be afraid. [ won't hit you. 26. Thank you, Sir. 27. See you again. The underlined words in the dialogue will change if ‘en, farara:, arya and wis: are replaced by 7, fart, |: and 2a or by Bernt, fafive, werar, and ‘gafe:, Rewrite the dialogue by selecting the correct words from below: fee masc. HF fern. HEF masc. BNF fem. [@] arf (&] at eT aan [2] ats, wert, [8] a Wa Wem: a [2] ga fag: ar: [2] ch, wore, [2] Safer wferary, Far afscadh, veri we ut apyettister arpyetanten weet venta wera, way war eh Wer, Tear ate The following sloka contains the vocative form of different words: @ aftr ray ta fre: are Be ay fe at afeSts Aha ore at sree Ga [4355 |] Add far to the names ending in &, ¥ and 3 if they are used as subjects, e.g., U4: Bis! a Fig: ary athe oe: ae re arg ar eas war gee finer: are, ees | Wa: TEL IRE APH TE ear VawN | TT AeA ATT SRT 28BA? @..., TI SPRS! ... am areata (sarerory, — qtr: Be 2! Vale, a ares itn ey areata eh a7 ze HH, aa aT nf: rar, srreafer ent apa 2 & Ry, oor srrreg efa: any oars a: pa? ea, Harve ne A Seren Ty BPH 7 TOU, eT sarees eee ea srrmafer Rael BI 7 e tafe, aa arrer went, cary areata weafar, ga 2 @ areas, aa aS ATT eT cargaten crete 2 & are, a3 seree) wen ary seater wren pa? & wre, aT Tas fren wary areata) 1. Where is Suresh ? 2. O Suresh, come here. Meera is calling you. ‘WITT good morning. Fa good evening. qufs: good night. fedranara: 2 Use the word wears: in the gaps, e.g. (ae) @ were: 7! ei wei were: 7? am, ore wore: P afe ei Bera: af et sin, a ane amerepre: after § entrant aerttr ? or aftr crete % ore aera: afar 7 1. Are you an artist ? [The verb sfa (are) is understood in the original sentence.] 2. Are you really an artist ? 3. Yes, | am an artist. 4. Then you are an artist, 5. Yes, yes. Lam an artist. 6. How many times should I say ? 7. | am an artist. Exercises : . 1, Use Baran, arerar:, eters and rat: in place of weTATE! 2, Repeat the exercise using the nouns in the feminine gender, c.g., Feren ? et Wea eTeaTe ? a, ae eT afk ed eT af a, aU ae werent af frat aeriry ? or wafer erat ? org aserenrét afer 3. Repeat the exercise using faart, argent, ar fe wa ae Tete arg were ? wang A arena Fa ars Bl AA Ey TSA SaeM: 5TH? a ae fac a Aa aes, Fa TESST BAe org afrenti| TATE: | © Se aaa: |! a TH ten re FAT ae arefigy yea? pea. weet) Fea: Ste Aer a: Vere Beary ee Werf 7 sae Gear 79 ern d Haag — ae ye gemercrrday afer an qearTaeT Wea xueie tt 1. Good morning. Ashram Press. 2. My name is Suresh. 1 would like to speak to Sukant. Please... 3. Let me see. I think he is not here at present. Can he call you later? What is your phone number ? 4, Please tell him that I will be at home till 12 o'clock. My phone number is 2234567. Ifa girl makes a phone call to another girl then change the underlined words, €.g4 2. ara, tet ae! 3. a, wae 4. af @ gat! we aele ? Gara: 7! aay eat arg a wreraifir 22 PY ore ore arrears SET aR oS A aT: 73 ag tere spre faq prewar yy we cai vfs Prat gray sreeray) wferart eargfa-saftr: aa: 4 33aerTy) aetste war ae AariA steals Gr den frees Fa: APTA! BP] ara ard eae aS A | ae a: eH are BE aaa aed A Watery wa 6 wearey wrt Bari 27 a weer 8 1, Hello ! Who is speaking ? Sukant ? 2. Yes, Can’! you recognise by my voice ? 3. Listen. Today at 9.30 I called you. Where were you ? 4. Thad been to Post Office. But I called you thrice before 12. Every time the phone was engaged. 5. Sorry. Somebody was speaking to me for a long time. Then a call came from the school. Listen. You must come to my house this evening at 7. It is my brother's birthday. Mother insists that you come, 6, Then I must go. 7, Can you make it at 7 o'clock ? 8. Surely. If a gir] makes a phone caJ] to another girl then change the underlined words, 8. 1, as, ter? 5. anf, wften:, fae get dr Answer the following ca ae y areca 2! ca are fem 7? Hew: / wiseH 3 er are fay oe i ch a 25 cer ars Fae 76 ATT / ol aT? aeM: ATA fa 8 aa a: oe / Bisa we 9 ares res ATA fap 210 Hi: Aer: Be / oH: Tavera: 2! ey arerarey ATH faa 212 an afer al oa a afesepr 213 pen: afeenran: arg faery 214 Sar ch ? at wary 25 gaa: ATH fey 216 sya eer 2 at ware 217 were: Air fa 218 1, Who are you ? 2. What is your name ? 3. Who am 1? 4. What is my name ? 5. Who is he ? 6. What is his name ? 7. Who is she ? 8. What is her name ? 9. Who is this person ? 10, Whar is this person's name ? 11, Who is that boy ? 12. What is that boy’s name ? 13. Who is that girl ? 14, What is that girl's name ? 15. Who are you [Sir] ? 16, What is your name [Sir] ? 17. Who are you [Madam] ? 18. What is your tame {Madar} ? 34@ (a) ) (a) qerareare: fevers: finarafit! The teacher teaches. (# is replaced by afe). qaraft worships, aaa drives, aeaft protects. areata plays (instrument), araafa accomplishes, goes, Tah counts. Harafe eats. arrafa reads. ateraf joins, adds. wETHA publishes. dzinafa corrects, HeTeafa edits. fravafa thinks. sri procreates, T72f cooks. fastest destroys, sfavafs serves (food). vareafa propagates. seca produces, starraft teaches. a-aafa searches, sétaafa discusses. 7@iTaft announces. daft sends. ‘seareaft opens, inaugurates. aiam: mfa! The singer sings, (% is replaced by fa), #te%: Frets The player plays. zaft protects. af eats. Wf plays. Fafa ploughs. Frefa blames. sretefit attacks, aretft drags, attracts. wie praises. wef tours. F=TAT swims. Wes: Taft! The reader reads. (#1 is removed and ® is replaced by fa). 74 takes. wafa cooks, zefa burns. weafa prattles, arate plunders. a7aefa translates, Hort saves. Pats gets angry. Saft covets. Furs gets angry. gufa becomes hostile, fagats revolts. et takes f, stakes sf and the rest take f, e.g., 54 aftr) a7 enfin e: arere: rafa an afore arate) ard aterm: Tafa ga afore arate) var arate vat orafa 35aa, Giearsdie, Tareeryacars, Bava, Paretysrarin, JOamaais, Srehyete, Parascyarse, Batra, Myra, Saad, Sérraae, area, Hemrg, afrar, Osraafead, larry, Rem, OAR 1. slowly. 2. correctly. 3. incorrectly. 4. well. 5. badly. 6, clearly. 7. not clearly. 8. silently. 9. loudly. 10. in a low voice. 11. with faith. 12. quietly. 13, attentively. 14. with concentration. 15. out of tune, 16, without punctuating. 17. very fast 18. too leisurely. 19. in a spiritless manner. 20. very loudly, 21. in a very low voice. 22. non-stop. 23. effortlessly. 24. with fear. 25. with enthusiasm. 26. with excitement. 27, carefully. 28. hastily, 29. with surprise. 30. angrily. 31. with joy. 32, gladly. 33. without distortion. 34, like a parrot, 35, as itis. 36. like you. 37. like him/her. 38. properly. 39. overstressing, 40. slurring over letters. 41. raucously. 42. harshly. 43. sweetly. ed afta Taft ? How many times do you read ? Ie WAR Tatty I read once. earn, Arar, Pagatey, deere, Sugary, Saran, aay, Seay, PSA, lowererana, Ugrerara, Orderary, Sagérang, Megcrara, Setserare, logan, Taerena, Baafeaftrarn, Paanfrarey, Omnearay, Jlagaryartnare, artarel, are STA| 1. twice. 2. thrice. 3. four times. 4. five times. 5. six times. 6, seven times. 7. cight times. 8. nine times. 9. ten times. 10, eleven times. 11, twelve times. 12. thirteen times. 13. fourteen times. 14. fifteen times. 15, sixteen times. 16, seventeen times 17, eighteen times. 18. ninetcen times. 19. twenty times. 20. twenty-one times. 21. many times. 22. again and again. 23. innumerable times. ai Ha Woe ? Where do you study ? sé faerer’ Tart I study in the school lyerftrare, 2faafrerea, serra, 4721 1. in acollege, 2. in a university. 3. in a hostel. 4, at home. ed eT Wate ? When do you study ? a7 WaT Ter! I study in the morning. grerreraere eT, Zero, Sarre, Here Te Tae, Sera eahraaTe, eer, Tarrant, trpeat, (gear, Ona, ywant, etre, Goats tear, isgqqre-rgares, Serd-wgarey, 'Ouanfirerregares, | Temnfbrarargare, | Sfergrcatiren- Tears, Srafigafrn-veare, Coria-weares, 2teetereares, rare, Bearer wa, rare Tf 7, Sarat earner srerTe, osnfereyengel fer, 27 or, Sap geMaa, 2ufraaeH, Ouferara, Sigfeadq, 32eftrea,, afew, ufraran, 3Sufrenty, 3eufreromyatrger, Safran, 8m, 3revrder 361. in the morning. 2. at noon. 3. in the afternoon. 4. in the evening. 5, at night. 6. on Sunday. 7. on Monday. 8. on Tuesday. 9. on Wednesday. 10. on Thursday. 11. on Friday, 12, on Saturday. 13. at 6 am. 14. at 6.15. 15. at 6.30, 16, at 6.05. 17. at 6.10. 18. at 6.20, 19. at 6.25. 20. at 5.45. 21. at 5.50, 22. at 5.55. 23. after 6. 24, not before 6. 25, day and night. 26. whole day. 27. today. 28. now. 29. every week. 30. every month. 31. every year. 32, every night. 33. every morning. 34, every evening. 35. each class. 36, every moment. 37. every Monday. 38. daily 39. always. Make sentences using the following timings, ¢.g., #€ Wa: SzaTe4 afer or ae Wea: WeaTey Teal wah | we: «6.00 sfirefiy s greareari ara! 1 get up. » 6.05 wrart srath / gat wef I pray to God. . 6.10 WreTed aH I goto the toilet. » 6.15 TTaR waft I brush my teeth. ” 6.20 Mt waft! | take my bath. ” 6.25 weal axif T take my breakfast. » 6.30 faa ert I study science. 6.35 aftr vert! I study mathematics. ” 640 depa vert [study Sanskrit. » 645 Jerrare wef! I do my homework. ” 6.50 frerert treenft! 1 go to school. ” 6.35 faced wreitfit 1 arrive at the school. One person asks and another person replies, €.2., oa er sftete / oi afters feats 2 até ardcwares steer wa ag wearer wate / ci apftaret grearcart ate ? ae ardrgarey weareart artftn wa ure: wgarey fer ortte 2 ate ore: TeaTes Tepe Tart at fe Grea ? What do you [in plural] eat? @4 sect TET We cat rice, lofera, eae, Seniq, tan, Scatien, reer, Taian, Saveq, Sgt, Ogre, Utter, aha, Sifeq, argon, Smo, Oday, ake, |e, Sarkar, Caraggany, 2]arapy, ache, Sora, ferry, Sire, raza, Teehfesy, Sire, frre, Cady 1 lentils (pulses). 2. vegetables (cooked). 3. fried vegetable. 4. pickles. 5. rasagulla. 6, fish. 7, meat. 8. egg. 9. puri. 10. payas. 11. bread. 12. chapati. 13. papad. 37Ro. 14. banana. 15. fruit. 16. apple. 17. cucumber (big size). 18. carrot. 19, coconut. 20. cashew-nut, 21, orange. 22. date. 23. grape. 24. a sweet. 25, toffee. 26. Jaddu. 27. ice- cream. 28. cake. 29. biscuit. 30. all. ‘4a GA Ge ? Where do you eat ? wa aATea GET: 1 We eat in the Dining Room. ‘gerard, sae, 378, aap, agqeye, Saree, Teuerae 1. in the hostel. 2. in a hotel. 3. at home. 4. in our friend's house. 5. in our uncle's house. 6. in a canteen. 7. in a restaurant. aa ferred, area ? How much do you eat ? FH SatGk TET! We eat to our fill laniiery, arerrdevordany, uhfiem, dara anaes ore, Sueraeyea, Corea ferfa, Tafierr, Sarerery, Parcaftrar 1. half stomach. 2. up to the throat. 3. moderately. 4. whatever is necessary. 5. this much. 6. a little. 7. more. 8. very little. 9. too much. at et GEA ? How do you eat ? 4 WATAAA GTA: | We eat peacefully. faa, fete freee, sara, safer, Simrad, fefsearae, waa, waded, Saeed, aca, 8S, aes, Cees, oR saa, ay amy, Batrern, fat, qe, Sarees, |e, Sefer 1, with a pure mind. 2. with greed. 3, as we feel. 4, like a bird. 5. like Bhima, Hidimba, Rakshasa, Rakshasi. 6. like him/her. 7. like you. 8. with greed. 9. forcefully. 10. with irritation. 11. out of vital excitement. 12. while roaming. 13. unwillingly. 14. regularly. 15. with happiness. 16. with joy. 17. with spoon. 18. with right hand. ag fare Glee ? Why do you eat ? Tt ASAIN GET: | We eat for living. laren, aprParorvanfge, seater, 4eiciteons, Ssaqat, orien, Tagan, Ssraraamd, Paper, Cugfrarme, aapeara 1. for getting health. 2. to quench our hunger. 3. to quench our appetite. 4. to nourish our body. 5. for the pleasure of the palate. 6. to maintain the body. 7. for the pleasure of company. 8. out of habit. 9. on account of bad company. 10. out of instinct. 11. for the satisfaction of friends. 38AEH Grammar acarrare: Present Tense QRaaTy singular agaa7q plural Fe Tana wa var wi ToT aa Tse Sravrarysadht Tet Tae: TERT To get the future tense insert g51 between the root and the suffix, e.g., T+ 3 + anftt = feet oe a: afeenfi I shall read tomorrow. a4 a: WiseMe we a: Uferaie ya a: wiser ea sarysad a: ofeeate | eat Tae: a: Osea Taare: < & fie waft 2 What is he doing ? & 74 Bafa! He is singing. tart, 2eqT, Sam, {farrs, Sosa, Sateen, Tareas, Sarqenro, Sarqates, srr, llepres, Rafa, Barr, Manin, Sarge, Sarria, ama, Baran, Varian, Sarrenr, 2 safe, tarde, Samer, anaes, Secure, lear, Tagan, arta, Waits, Wada, Slaves, Rams, Sanh, Mocs, Sere, 368m, Saas, ra, Seas, Oech, sHfeam, 428e4, Borers, Hogs, Sara, Masta, Sasa, Sana, Ode, Casa, tera, 2am, Strain, MPataer, Stes, 6freares, Toe, Sonrern, Suftaenr, gare, Shyer, 62inr, Cares, Cua, Oueds, OOo, OTe, Sane, Ota, Orme, naa, rst, Bada, Mire, Santa, tea, en, Serr, ea, Oompa, Slog, Sever, Soar, Maer, Saver, 8qum, saa, aa, Sache, Wards, fees, 92err7, S3fgran, Meiners, etree, Sarr, Pasir, Sans, Sena, Oger, Ohya, lear, Osa, erate, Seite, gaz, Fee * Add 7 to all the words. (He is} 1. giving. 2. meditating. 3. bathing. 4. thinking. 5. reading. 6. studying. 7. teaching. 8, imitating. 9. approving. 10. searching. 11. researching. 12. greeting. 13. descending. 14. offering. 15. following. 16. attracting. 17. inviting. 18. smelling 19. joining. 20 climbing. 21. embracing. 22. reporting. 23. calling. 24. invoking. 25. opening. 26. pronouncing. 27. flying. 28. cutting. 29. singing the glory. 30. jumping. 31. itching. 32. shaking. 33. dragging. 34. crying. 35. washing. 36, throwing. 37. digging. 38. roaring. 39. choosing. 40. chewing. 41. drawing. 42. cutting. 43. prattling. 44. typing. 45. swimming. 46. threatening, 47. hitting. 48, subduing, 49. stinging. 50, seeing. 51. running. 52. inviting. 53. building. 3954, extinguishing. $5. requesting. 56. expelling. 57. running away. 58. reading a scripture from end to end. 59. serving (food). 60. washing. 61. departing. 62. sending. 63. binding. 64, adoring. 65. scolding. 66. eating. 67. frying. 68. lecturing. 69. taking food. 70, churning. 71. thinking. 72. diving. 73. massaging. 74. mixing. 75. rubbing. 76. meeting. 77. repeating. 78. protecting. 79. crying. 80. jumping. 81. crossing. 82. plundering. 83. writing. 84. licking. 85. distributing. 86. sowing. 87. vomiting. 88. weaving. 89. quitting. 90. increasing. 91. abandoning. 92. sleeping. 93. teaching. 94. decorating. 95. drying. 96. hearing, 97. correcting. 98. supporting. 99, giving a solution, 100. finishing. 101. editing. 102. remembering. 103. tolerating. 104. holding a meeting. 105. addressing. 106. killing. 107, stealing. & foe Gada ? What are they doing? # fire af They are acting. lenarg*, 2am, Sarr, 4fafarea, Sergera, Soraya, TaremTeR, Safire, Sora, logea, Naga, Pare, Bargie, Marre, Ssrere, Seraran, \srrm, Bafa, Samer, Osgetes, Zia, area, Bare, Merey, Sara, sadter, 2 anahh, Samitalte, 9 oren-<, Osnfres, 3] rege, Zane, Serre, Menara, Sarat, Sareea, 37anfrwar, Sarat, 9a, Ogee, +E, Qaear, Saura, “omen, Severe, ‘snare, Varaver, Bsr, ste, oscrm, Siam, Qaim, Sada, Sam, Saree, Sore, Tater, Saray, Pareur, Oaty, Sige, Sepfe, Carter, Satter, Sait, arm, Oawe, OS, 6nfe, Ard, Tre, Daprt, Seren, Maver, Stas, fem, fae, arte, ‘19%, 808r4, 8 gra, 82farg, Share, Marre, SSearn, Sova, 87, 88aey, Sea, Mare, Ul eeraar, eT, Sagar, Met, Sefer, Sysars, Man, Frets, era, area, WOlara, 2 Pray, 1O3Fgy, ler, lOSuftera, OSahraaT, Outen, 'OSusfie, "Oda, |Oqrs, Wig, Wagregha, Wat, Manes, USqfen, M6qore, Ten, Sqr, US gafqor, 2g, lye, yea, 123qRe, Safar, Sateen, ome, 27a, Sgrae, Qqat, Opera, larg, eq, Sufea, Fim, Shien, BoreaqE, Bighegg, Boar, BRT, Mann, Mors, Hafe, Matera, Mean, Meer, Megan, Tee, M8drq, Mare, S0are, Slarcr, afore, Semen, Serr, Spree, 56a, Sara, S8fasare, 9g, \Oarrery, '6lfarite, \62fater, State, itor, \6Sfrare, \6Oframe, 167yraq, Sarg, erg, Oza, lam, agra, gaara, qaqa, Sate, Mire, rere, 78ers, Perera, 'SearTa, Sider, 82aaa, ager, Baga, Saray, Sasi, 8taerk, 8c, ea, 90x, 9 lapef, !92zqHf, 93ea, ! tea, 195ee, !96eT1 * Add 7. to all the words. 1. practice. 2. starting. 3. a help. 4. medical treatment. 3. loud laughter. 6. hunger strike. 7. light refreshment. 8. take possession. 9. doing wrong, giving wrong 40meaning. 10. injustice. 11. a guess. 12, favour. 13, request. 14. translation. 15. offence. 16. atrocity. 17. disregard. 18. pride. 19. insult. 20 shedding tears. 21. insistence, 22. sipping water. 23. hope. 24. order. 25. yogic posture. 26, agitation. 27. repetition. 28. blessing. 29. athletics. 30. hospitality. 31. aspiration. 32. respect. 33. self-surrender. 34. carrying out an order. 35. adoration, 36, laziness. 37. discovery, 38. attachment. 39, tasting. 40. wish. 41. jealousy. 42. treatment. 43. finding a solution, 44, light refreshment. 45. joke. 46. fasting. 47. anxiety. 48. deliverance. 49. neglect. 50. high jump. 51. effort. 52. a work. 53. mention. 54. debt. 55. quarrel. 56. imagination. 57. a big noise. 58. poem. 59. compassion. 60. anger. 61. grace. 62. agriculture, 63. duty. 64. sports. 65. anger. 66. forgiveness 67. breaking into pieces. 68. pride. 69. motion. 70. hole. 71. research. 72. counting. 73. announcement. 74, ringing a bell. 75. picture. 76. thought, worry, 77.amark. 78. mischief. 79. effort. 80. stealing. 81. shadow. 82. hole. 83. repeating a holy name. 84, penance. 85, renunciation. 86. haste, 87. kindness. 88. gymnastics. 89. sorrow. 90. burning. 91. service to the country. 92. brushing the tecth. 93. wickedness, 94, corruption. 95, evil thought. 96. smoking. 97. rule. 98. judge- ment. 99. decision. 100. drama. 101. justice. 102. blame. 103. sleep. 104. dance. 105. joke. 106. cleaning. 107. labour. 108. line. 109. cooking. 110. reading, chanting. 111. walking. 112. repetition. 113. gossip. 114. starting. 115. examination. 116, salutation. 117. worship. 118. effort. 119, circumambulation, 120, application, use. 121. effort. 122. question. 123. entry. 124. reaction. 125. promise. 126. effort 127. spreading. 128. breakfast. 129, prayer. 130. friendship. 131. fear. 132. division, 133. devotion. 134. enjoyment. 135. begging. 136. wrestling. 137. boxing. 138. measurement. 139, telling lies. 140. journey. 141. effort. 142. argument. 143. plan. 144. protection. 145. composition. 146. shyness. 147, aim. 148. disappearance. 149. greed. 150. habitation. 151. salutation. 152. commerce. 153. explanation. 154. business. 155. delay. 156. obstacle. 157. development. 158. rest. 159. growth. 160. use. 161. amusement. 162. opposition. 163. revolt. 164, physical exercise, 165. marriage. 166. belief. 167. sound. 168. faith. 169, a rite performed in honour of departed spirits of dead relatives. 170. grief. 171. labour. 172, shrinking, 173, wasting time. 174, respect. 175. doubt. 176. collection. 177. speaking the truth. 178. preparation. 179. help. 180. welcome. 181. service 182. accumulation. 183. willed decision. 184. indication. 185. torment 186. satisfaction. 187. contact. 188. step. 189. place. 190. love. 191. competition 192. touch. 193. insistence, 194, interference. 195. ploughing. 196. offering to the Fire-God. Antonyms : am income 7 expenditure. fret blame weft praise. wf loss BTF profit. TAR help svertharm. safe uplifiment sf downfall. wa sin 974 virtue. a1 addition feet subtraction. 3% hot vir cold. Frys, secretly wey openly, 4i3B. a fi HATH ? What am | doing ? TY HY FAA! You are straightening. ‘apy, 2eream, Safety, tyohy, Sendy, Oqdratery, agate, Sferdeg, ora, OmaraH, lary, Rye, Baaq, Hanh, Sse, tay, saa, Barrer 1. bending. 2. cleaning. 3. dirtying. 4. completing. 5. doing half. 6. doing one- third. 7. doing one-fourth. 8. slanting. 9. levelling. 10. doing the same thing. 11. wetting. 12. drying. 13. shortening. 14. lengthening. 15. heightening. 16. lowering. 17. heightening. 18. lowering. @: ta HA AT: ? Where were you yesterday ? Oi: AEA AA AMAA! | was here yesterday. wen ae qevafet sq! I was happy here. log 9, Jars, Jaafar em, age, Perea snr isrret ana, Gada, Feat, Saar, CsteTas, 'Ofakecee4, queen, gravest, Bamfeavantea, “reac, Saufervecfern, lsruferarqaitaa, Vereen, Sarasa, !cafaanarat | 1, not here. 2. somewhere else. 3, somewhere else. 4. in my uncle’s house. 5. at school/home/Ashram/dining room/boarding. 6. in the bus. 7. in the train. 8. in the plane. 9. in sports ground. 10. in dispensary. 11. full of joy. 12. sorry, 13. blissful. 14, pleased. 15, present. 16, absent, 17. busy. 18. sick. 19. worried. wi er sept: ? When did you do it? HE GW: AHA! I did it yesterday. FAT Hal BreEee_ 2 When did he/she do it ? FAI Wile: SHA! He/she did it day before yesterday. wet art? When did you do it? ae brennan, rere, Sree, Sree, Sererarena, Orrererat, Taree, Sera, PTeTeTATTERITA, lonmareran, |r, Ornfiant, Baga gaa, area feared yea, fear yan, fren: fen qq, eget: fee qh, ooges: feren ey, veer: fete: eh, |Sraghirarry, !cragniqaran, Onenieregs irene, 2 reepsraqeeary, aterevar, Sara ware, ara Hee, Sara fear sear aaalerriaTy, 2a: aa arian wer aaa, 27a: fear eerereand ge 9, Se Tat aT, 3, Sramperatt fear wares pare rare a agate ase aa, ra wearer BH, SaaS wrareany TAI 421. last week. 2. last month. 3. last year. 4. last morning. 5. last evening. 6. last night. 7. last afternoon. 8. last class. 9. last century. 10. last millennium. 11. last life. 12. last Sunday. 13. 2 days earlier. 14. 3 days earlier. 15. 4 days earlier. 16, 5 days earlier. 17, 6days carlier. 18. last full moon day. 19. last Durga Puja. 20. last summer vacation. 21. fourteenth day of the previous bright fortnight. 22. eleventh day of the previous fortnight. 23. this morning. 24. this noon. 25. today from 10.0'clock to 4 0° clock. 26. last night from 7,30 to 8.45, 27. yesterday not before 10 a.m. 28. last night not after 9 o’clock. 29. last Tuesday at 1/2/3/4/5/ 6a.m. 30. last Tuesday after 1 o'clock. 31, last Tuesday not before 1 o'clock. ei oer sefteafa 2 When you will do it? a a: sftenfi1 I will do it tomorrow. aa wer Hwa ? When he/she will do it? Bal ws: Hes! He/she will do it the day after tomorrow. Tar WaR Hel HAA ? When you will do it ? He... laminae’, feagae wa, grat fant oy, Jarmfiarorearaarg, ‘jaf Renae erEaInys-ats, Sarmty-arant, fear aH, fre: fete: Te, Taged: Fearen: aH, Saapen: fear: 7H, Seger: fee: wey, oreri eevee, |! areai area, afar saa, Bate aera, Marenfa-qitrrary, Serrmft-gniqerm, |Ssrnfa-ageerrt 1. next week/month/year. 2. after 2 days. 3. next morning/night/afternoon. 4. next century/millennium/life. 5. next Monday. 6. after 3 days. 7. after 4 days. 8. after 5 days . 9, after 6 days. 10. in this century. 11. in this millennium. 12. in this life. 13. in this week/month/year. 14. next full moon day. 15. during the next Durga Puja. 16. on the fourteenth day of the next fortnight. Tea: 1. Where is Bhararta’s note-book ? 2. Madam, I am just giving. A little is left. 3. Give it quickly. Shraddha‘s note-book is also not here. 4. Madam, my note-book is lost. 5. Your note-book is lost ? How is it lost ? 6. I don"t know. 7. Why don’t you buy a new note-book ? 8. I shall buy today, Madam. Sorry. 9. 1 don’t see Shanti’s note-book. Ketaki's note-book is also not there. 10. Madam, I have just finished my note-book. | had written only half. 11. Mine is also finished. See, Madam. (Shows her note-book). 12. Buy a new note-book today itself. (To Shanti) You too. 13. Yes, Madam. 14. All of you see Abhijit’s handwriting. Can anybody read his handwriting ? 15. Madam, my handwriting is like that only. What can [ do ? 16. Everyday copy at least one page. 17. Madam, I will copy. 18. Begin today itself. 19. I will do it. 20. I don’t see Ravi's face here. Raghu is not seen for a week. 43‘What has happened to both of them ? 21, We don’t know, 22. Does anybody know their house ? 23. I know, Madam. 24. Inform their parents. They should meet me. 25. | shall inform, 26, All right Table | ye a 2! fre a: 22 agen ar 23 aay fara 24 ore we: 29 sree: ch: 76 after: i: 27 waaga: oh: 28 carey: a: 79 sonfea: op: 210 ae a 21! Tora apr 2/2 vel a 713 aaa ar 214 feral ar 215 fargrrar apr 216 aaret fame 217 aed fen 2!8 arate: ga 2!9 creed a 220 arom: pa 72! ofan: qa 72? waura: chlew: 223 oraeTe airerr: 224 cetrsra: sitem: 225 wee sree, 226 sarereal aitewra, 227 wareeet steer 228 afta sree 229 ae ahrerrey 230 wre feeray 23! ard fara 232 ard fara 253 caret ate 4 age saqe> freé wes 56 frome fed? gra: safe’ gaa: sofa? ama: sofa? aferora: sofas! ar feed? att errs a: 4 a 5 ead apbtfer 86 qeorene, arrest 8? seit: 8 anita A? 1. Where is [Bharata's] house ? 2. Who is [Bharata’s] father ? 3. What is [Bharata's]} mother-tongue ? 4. What is [Bharata's] age ? 5. brother. 6. uncle. 7. identity. 8. postal address. 9. hobby. 10. degree. 11. weight. 12. height. 13. status. 14, qualification. 15, daily routine. 16. speciality. 17. What is [Bharata’s] work ? 18. salary. 19. Where is [Bharata’s] office ? 20. residence. 21. shop. 22. family. 23. How is [Bharata’s] nature ? 24, behaviour. 25. attitude. 26. appearance 27, conduct. 28, health. 29. character. 30. strength. 31. How much is [Bharata’s] wealth ? 32. knowledge. 33. capacity. 34. I welcome [Bharata]. 35. Blessed be [Bharata]. 36. Go near [Bharata]. 37. Stay near [Bharata]. 38. Sit in front of [Bharata]. 39. behind him. 40, to his left. 41. to his right. 42. Give for [Bharata]. 43. Take for [Bharata]. 44. Who is [Bharata] to [Shraddha] ? 45. Who is [Shraddha] to [Bharata]? 46.[Shraddha] welcomes [Bharata]. 47, [Shraddha] is coming from [Bharata]. 48. [Bharata] is (Shraddha’s] subordinate. 49. [Shraddha] is [Bharata’s] subordinate. aeaey YS Pa? erT: TS BT? MITT YS a? Hee YS Ba? aff: TE BAP ye a PH YR Ha? TT: SIM: SH 7 AST TT aT? Pa: STEHT: a? Saad wee: ar ? afafaey eh: ws: ? Tae: caffe: oe 2 wee seer: warre apiifer sgt weer carrer ena: Seen: eared wether! aera ST: warmed wife affine veh: ward afer ey: afar: earrd Hai... eA ASP: TA: AB TET AATTable 2 at faa fae! ace eta cee aed ace afte a ae aftr pe 6 aif Gxt wel Geen Hes anqat He? yeep fee !0 wera are! fas water 212 feraha a wreafa3 af orecatanl4 af ortfit 215 oan attfaverert 2716 ai wayqrreay!? wa atta !§ gerard !9 afta acaryaoadt 2° afes gfe afc 2) srftres wageragt 2 afte SRAM, ST/ST, Wee aen, Gaegten, Taser stir sre SITATe Pe aaa Ta ATA, aTRTERA 2S MAS ETAT ypifa es angiaté wpefa eaeqerenyatecryatery, aire erent 8 fafeoa:, fafeoat 2? aperaia qert:qat Bo 1. Stay away from [Bharata]. 2. Speak after [Bharata]. 3. Don’t speak before [Bharata]. 4. Speak less than [Bharata]. 5. Don't speak more. 6, Do more, 7. Make it more beautiful. 8. Make it more beautiful. 9. Do better. 10. Stay apart. 11. Know it, 12. What are you going to receive ? 13. You won't get anything . 14. You will get everything. 15. Are you afraid of. 16. Are you ashamed of. 17. Save me. 18. [Shraddha] is afraid of [Bharata]. 19. [Shraddha] is running away from [Bharata]. 20. [Bharata] is stronger than [Shraddha]. 21. [Bharata] is more intelligent than [Shraddha]. 22. [Bharata] is more dangerous than [Shraddha]. 23. [Bharata] is more quievestless/fickle, weaker, taller than [Shraddha]. 24. [Bharata] knows more/ less than [Shraddha]. 25. [Bharata’s] age/knowledge/strength/work/salary is more than [Shraddha]. 26. [Bharata] scolds/praises [Shraddha]. 27. [Bharata] takes blessings from [Shraddha]. 28. [Bharata] learns Veda/scripture/literature/ mathematics from [Shraddha]. 29. [Bharata] is separate from [Shraddha] 30. [Bharata] is somehow free from (Shraddha]. scare TERT AT Co) fren frarera ort Tera wf: Tat ofits aes avira care wera (@) a eh aadyy eget dir rey Tey aT sa ae @) re vale ante: eae Safeway afer afearend wreafa i (@) eerer qt ord aed ary quo afacher ae cree Prefseq at ae qertis: eat fren frente: ga: aT! (@) set aa a meres: Get wad! acl wa ale a fareale toa er pt sracagtes ata a erat (a) 23 dtd fee A Bad Fas Th greet Tas seq fafesfate rest (a) aia wate aria Pepsi graf actafeey: waferaf eared waiteqe Fe (m) a Sy ea Ft wot a faProfee ae zeae Ta Tet seats TSAI (@) sa cere 4a ware a agente faisaseren gt fester faasferrrea arate afaran afteran wre gaa aa Gee eh sate Bees area (a) rene free were ward we are welt ETE ary weet ae at wf aferest afer cree seni TARTRATE: aie: @ aaa: 3 = ofreert wafanic:, wah, Terentia, ware, cnet, GRata:, Tatata: | gare: iftere, sracanfterd, araare, arab, grecate:, arrafa: | waferea:, wafeere,, vera far, THIER, vast, arate: carafe: cafeate:, eater, sacar, AAT, Saw: ware, Aaa) srenfaerfe:, serra, srereeenhera, Sera, aerefe:, serrcath:, serrate: | . 49TATA: 1. a hymn of praise. 2. a hymn. 3. a prayer. 4. a poem. 5. a sloka. 6. a poem. 7. one day. 8. one day. 9. one day. 10. white — swan, milk, sugar. 11. green — parrot, leaf, grass. 12, red — traffic signal, blood, china rose. 13. yellow — body, cloth, turmeric. 14. long — way, story, lecture. 15, good-natured —> boy, girl, friend. 16. white > rasagulla, lotus, cheese. 17. blue — sky, lotus, vein. 18. black — hair, umbrella, braided hair. 19. pink — lip, flower, tongue. 20. big — tree, town, house. 21. deep —> well, well (with steps leading to the water-level), hole. Wa: FEA: We: or sta ETA: We:! This is a new lesson. WaT Er Gfwent or ¥4 Fert fsa! This is a new note-book. wae Foard Fy or FE YA A This is an old machine. We: FA: HA: This is an excellent person. Ts: 4e: 97:1 This is the best person. 1. lesson, necklace, road, person, friend, teacher, school. 2. note-book, magazine, story, news, sari, pen, friend. 3. machine, song, book, work, friend, garden. 4. person, teacher, school, boy, idea, servant. 5. madam, girl, school, maid-servant, poem. 6. place, work, music, poem, friend. aad fare: ae: This is a big tree. $ faenen: gam: These are big trees. aiff: a: a religious man. gyi: 8a: a good-natured student, Far7: Tee: an understanding boy. frit: arf: a lonely road. wir afer a good girl. efter Sfaran a poor maid-servant. ef aT an interesting story. Feral weal a costly sari. frat SFr a dear sister. RH HeMLa ripe fruit. a4 yer, a white flower. fli wera sweet fruit. @et ater a torn cloth, tars THA bright jewel. ara: da Ae Bra Tar eee eft: Yew: | Vee Ta afta eal (7) eon Sif arent en Sti rent ponents secrets THAT 50() ce. @) Rare, afrge, seg, FEA, EL, ER, EA, EA, WEA . TRrafs, teafe, afeats, ofeafa, creafs, areata, sareafh, areafs, deaf, areata, wnafa, deaf, dfaafa, dftrata, afrafs, caftata, ufteaty, afterfs, geafa, eueafe, meats | ‘aftrcan, affear, SyCa, Yea, BAT, CET, BET, YET! FOIE, PTT, ATT, TTT, HIG, ATTA FAR, ATES, TH, AVG, AEA! . ath, grata, ReaPa, areqata, aha, aha, Teh, seat, aeaha, cafe, aot ah, zy, Rg, wa, ari, sien, Te, wee, ae, ca, raf age, TER, Ta EPL aT, PL, WT, TPL, FAL, TI, TY ea, Fea, Pre, wey, ae, BACT, eT, HTT, ALA, TET, FT| Gs Be MAA STATAY ST TA SATAY SATS TITY MT AY AN, SRA SLMS AY MATT CY ATTY MT TMT ATTY TTL, 2 Ra ARS Ya... Ble Bs IT, STAY TTY SAY TMT SAT TRY TTY ST TY TOY MITA Serferereyoaerey sere Sehew ey ATE RYy MARTE, ? Re Ble Be SRT ey RL ey APTA ey SLT ATO Cy PTY TTY TOMY SATCY ATA? RT ae sere a MY PTY ARTY AY SITY TAT Y ATG: Fah! 9, Sem af area Saray aay TY SATAY HY ST TY TAY PAY FMY RATA! eh eA repel ey eT STATA SNOT ST AT AAT AT sreafer Ng, Bs CA ea ARPA FMT ATA ST ART AT TTT) RET! ET: ? StSTeeTaTa: qa % ? Who are you ? a4 3% ? Who are we ? qi #7 Who are you ? (in feminine gender). 44 a: ? Who are we ? (in feminine gender). 4% ? Who are they ? a: a: 7 Who are they ? (in feminine gender). $4 area: % ? Who are these boys ? 5H: afer: i: ? Who are these girls ? 74 afryareen:- rata: abraeareestrers: part fren: | We are rich men/boys/girls/sisters/brothers/guests/young ladies/children.4a saParaascarrerers are afte ares APT TTT ARTE: | SRE TTR: PA TERT: TET fener: farere: | eSATA: aR PT BE TL ATT, TOA: | TT: AT: TTA: | TL SAT ATL Fe: | a SAT: afererr: rare: | arf afer), Rereey (Preps), wep Cares ya: (Tact), ‘oftrt:, sachs) afr, var aa 9: area: We TE Fee a: afore ae MH Ser: TTA OP: TEAR: AS TL FST: | a saa: afore: We TPL FESTA | ae ae: area: Fret ea as aNenyaren: aferanren: Fees Ta Tie Tears AR aT aS Vag | A/T TPM qariMrarl sys Yaql wad HRS Taq wad ARS WAG! Ty wey ati aryeatry eae: afer ayarg afeergqatry cafrig erates: safer) varity Serafed: sifer sacq Serefe: safe he, qa ean at ee Bet BPA AAT VET: PSA FE TA, Posey qenfrarenta arate ante: fa gery ? seri eeere cease: Bera | ss yet er EA AA Rea LATTA ANT: Te AE | Te BER, ea aan aT STATUS SAA ATT Fe | Be BST ATT weThA TATA ayerg ata: vreft (m) Fer Tia Pega: Bp aT: RET See Tafa Ta Teta TOA: aT aeen: aan ferera: ada gem: HePat (@) Ferer: qaPa wate so) aepor: eri rata araféer: vata a afer: Ae safer Wer sere a sahara a frhfeen: TS wera, sere, sae ares seh 52agian: yaad da aged cata air: gene ge aaa sear pe a vfeoan: firdl waa ae, seraha au (1) sera weer ped Uk B, Uk Be ef sat) Ceara: fea YE Tea a afreoa| veféert oret pedi ad aoa eet eet: wearer ered fea ase ed | Saget Ged 7a ae yor art aah weryget wrstaen wea aa frache ote faqur: area: aeatt wert afesrat att ear road enfrraat esata erect wens Gears: Uk areata waa Gerieets aa: wena ae! tar fe sqaia Pagatafaerrari anit waft Wea a steree: When wear Wes wre sea gal reise anit arena gaat: won ofret: ep os I ay Sear PTT aa wala: aac ated Prerbredesarae ss aan aft: gee: Ther ar wea PA aT exci Preeti 3 yatta: We mart aad od ae ureter: wedge sfret abr: aa afer aPa aie: afort afer: ata cone of ee qe It qin agaist wesart sya! Tarra ore: eerarger aia: whey use By erage fades qpy wert areal wa weg wedi fad wagers any 4 Tettefrerrgrrra rl 53Tea: sar: Sa 7 ara fay? He serves today ? So what ? Asft at: They too serve. Hey aft a I too serve. a4 wash Aare We all serve. @ Afaq awa ? Do you want to serve ? = Sfaera ? Will you serve ? 4 Aa! You serve. Stren ss SET You will get joy by serving G: & aaa ? 3A fey? He served yesterday ? So what ? dsft seart They too served. arey sift a1 too served, a4 waste aréarafen We all served. wr: cay stam: ? Did you serve yesterday ? (a) va speaks. 2a endeavours. anv disturbs. fie begs. <4a pities. TF shines. wxa doubts, aa competes, Fe4s yawns, ae hurries up. Sara blushes. wa shines. 54(a) 47a forgives. 774 sports. fae is. TRAM pities, Was examines. wits waits, shard expects, (1) 42a salutes, 34a is, 74 tries. Fa jumps. 44F grows. aA begs. FTA coughs. =f turns. #7 trembles, (1) Fas fights. TZs7 flies, frrza wins, THA gets, wea tolerates. #7074 begins. Tera runs away. Waa is bom. frra dies. 7-74 thinks. CO AAPL TR, aa aetnge, vite, weitfergy, orafegT 6, eq, tera, deat, erpaftrerd, vores, wifes, otferera 4, afte, titre, fear, aq, vile, udtew, arte (a) 4 Hage, sasha, PR, Fa, SIgH, aE, Tena, SPE, HA, TA tera 6. Fea, 3e80, fafacs, cea, diem, ares, Tors, SETH, FEN, AAT eS) te cama, ae, aired, araeera, wera, wear, ster Ct) &. Ot: see, sada, saa... (BD) 8. GS: AAG, SASAM, SG, ASG, AEA, ST, JETTA, sara, afirr, aT argeTrftr 1. Coeead) aver ate Gates a: ane aisent ard, re vari ? ee re ave ore fafingehs va areetrrd) arer are art an are arfieed arr, are Th > an ares ater are fafieger eT 2, sa oral Vera: &: sirat ofseara: ard, sare vara? e: Saray srrera | oat fates Tea a set are | a: avatars card, ora saree 2 ee rary srerwrafe sai fairies seafe aa ad vor) a ad ose art, aa gare 2: ae are ord fai TS aad rare’ | a: et freee 1 art, sa sree ? ee: ey sear ad Paling arate Raa reer a el oferta a: AH Sere ee ATH ore | a fafa wo omer ae saree an et strona pe ee wae sere eT Tee a fang are 4. areca wate a: aa oBeafe ad vo on Fe Tee ee eT atte: Id Paine oe: acd ar ae oa afer sree we: Be arr: ea ST oe Pangaea TT . ree aR a: 3 afeeiay a cargo ae sree ge a TTS a fate voy ard et a: 3 ner Farrar wa: as Tee a: 8 TTT a Pah a 6. sre: wah a: a: Vserfan a: Taq ee: FH Tee BE: A: TTA! e: fafirgeee va SD TT a: TS TTT OA are ge ota ee: faye aT 7. sar aad) & A ofsere Ah rsa: we arte Et saa ah Paty sa arr @ arta a: at afirera dh arta ea: ae aren aH aera Hh Paes saa 8. we gat ae a gat afore at Teg) Ta: AH TET we Fa TTS Fal Patras ws ya gai wre ae: gai safer gal waives: aa seen ar: ar sea Zar fabegioh terra 55 wo wvoR TER, Know Your Vowels Do you know that the vowels are 13 in number and they are classified into three groups: a, % 3, Hw (eM) 2 Le, &, 1 era) 3. af, & at 1 Ca-emerafon) Note the order in which these vowels are listed. Do you know that this order is according to Panini which Sri Aurobindo has adopted and explained in his article ‘The Origins of Aryan Speech’ ? See the orderly arrangement of the vowels ! The rules that naturally follow are: Rule No. 1 When a vowel (short or long) is followed by another similar vowel (short or long), the result is a long vowel, ¢.g., T3+safe=qarafte fer-srea=feaes | fac srare=faemeara | fren srea= frees afe+sa= area hit ga frten aeh a aa wader rat est alae qe sft Rule No. 2 When 4 or ais followed by ¥ or §, the result is ¥ ¢.g., 2a+eeg=ag ro FIT Fe SZaAe | Te aT | Rule No. 3 When 4 or 2 is followed by 3 or &, the result is 24, e.g. qisea=qateas Was SAU TET Sea STS Ter STA Rule No. 4 When # or # is followed by & the result is %, ¢.g., G+ GRE Fels aea | Rule No. 5 When 3 or 37 is followed by 3, the result is 34, ¢.g., a+aiaftr—a-tafiz: mere siafiz=atrair *Rule No. 6 When § or § is followed by any dissimilar vowel, the result is 4, This occurs naturally in pronouncing the letters. Repeat and 4 quickly four times and see, Examples: afg+aft=aaft sf snfe=sente | oft see—aege Rule No. 7 When @ or is followed by any dissimilar vowel, the result is 4, This occurs naturally. Repeat ¥ and 3 quickly four times and see. Examples: q+afeat=zafer eats gar q+ area * Note that till now 3 or 37 was the base to which other vowels were being added. Here the rule changes. Henceforth other vowels become the base to which 4 or 31 or any dissimilar vowel is added. 56Rule No. 8 Now do the drill. If 3 becomes % by natural movement of the tongue, then @ will be 37% because is #33, e.g. +S =U a= 4s Gg) aS HH SAS A STA Rule No. 9 If becomes {by natural movement of the tongue, then % will be #74 because @ is 4+U, e.g., Resa Rs pa (+O) THAT THE) HST 7 FR AY RST Rule No.10 If = becomes q by natural movement of the tongue, then 47 will be 274 because Fis 33, €.g., WSs FH Sa START HH TS ETAL Rule No.11 If 3 becomes 4 by natural movement of the tongue, then ot will be sq because 31 is a+ai, e.g., H+ea—quaha—y aah) +a qa Ha+s)+ HS WHS AST | Rule No.12 When % or % is followed by any dissimilar vowel. the result is %,¢.g., frq+3it afr ensfieqsai=fer eq deer dae tert Rule No.13 When a suffix is added to a root or a stem* the vowel undergoes a change which is called 7 or @f&1 See the table and the examples given below. (* Stem is a word without a suffix.) yr | aera | ate Zt q a a aL 35 at Ee at ag, HH RK aR a a @) 4t 3 ufeg— staaia, saggy tt — jets, AU @ £f 3 aq fi - watt — aah () 44 tie tog fa - tea @) t> an — enafa 4h — ara @) 3% aq fa — areaie, ware A — areafe, arm 37@ 35 3 st gy - dfirafe, df gq — deafe, dqq @) 3,53 3414 - weft, sete, efi a — ea @ soa — sha - th @ 3,33 aq 4 — areefe & — ora ® %H > sR - whale q — atest @ Ras — ara | — wea ) A MS — WS aR — WAY — AE — Te! For details see qrarett, THA: 47: under the title ‘weePrafory, Make sentences using the following: 1a S aqa 4 6. faery 7. fae 8.oT 9.8 10. 7e LL. eq SIRT, YS, AAS, wera, wy, TAH, Teh, freee, sam, THAT, siyar, aren, ser, ey, aE, HI ere, Prelayqar, aye, yeaAE army, anism, featrean, aretha, ates, ge, qe faerery Tara We: 3: soar, free, are, aT See:, BTR, Ta: Wer, faa, sorts: Weare: a: Tae, TAT Pret, STTaTe:, HTT, THA, STATE, Ferns, rares:, TappET, AISTAAT, dare: seme, I, ER, wh, faferceres:, Teorey: ee: | Se, AM, TET, BTS: WRVTS:, seERG, Ta, Pe, se, ATT thay, wae: gan, Gah qafees, cera, at TT ROTH: FT, FUR, a, wT, Fe, Tay TytT, ane, fae Fa, A, eR, ey, fe, shee, Tea, seer, Fey, Goer, aa, waar, agai: sage, WM, YP, TEAM, fay, Te, TeMtte:, TeT, TT a:, oe, Ta, eerie, ory, aT, HTT wry, ay, afe:, wie, aie, afea:, wfc: qf, are, Gay, AAAs: 12. 9-94, Tre, fire, deen: whan, donee: ayer 13, FH @,, om, te: Frere, wee:, afar, wh, segre, aTefes:, see! 14, 33-4 FS4, gaa, wa, sor, shes, Sem, sree, WTR, a, eM: 15. 9-Ree, eH, eee, Frere, sen, at, Tee, wT 16, a-4 17, a 18, 9y 19. fry WG, SAH, aaa, Bre arte, ere, FIR, THM, HAM, TAH, MeTEHA, ee, ware, HT, PH, TAT, safe:, STAT, TH, Fee A, Tene, aon: nfeyfaceer:, Ay, Tee, AS, we, TR, TA, eT (a) Fe, ah, Peewee, earere:, area, He, Te, IATA! (b) TIE, SATE, far, ae, ETEY, se, Tere ya, sarenysrreTHy gato 5820. 21.37 22, BRL 23. at 24.4 25. q 26. 9-% (a) her, zefar, qe, saree, ara, Wh, Tae, TAA, TME:, fara, yaehg:, Vda, Fase, TST, AEM: TO, SIMA, Be, TETRA, Tae, ATT: | (b) Fa, ATT, We, AIT, TTA, STAT (c) TTT, SPOTL, TUT, TENET, SAT, arate, Tak, Ae, afta: Fae (a) Tage, ek, wank, Terie, oe, APE, SURE, eR, FA, WAIT, (b) Vahey, wig, capiq, aren, safirena, fiona a, fafa, aig, ag) (a) Were, STH, GR, Wes, STR, TEE, YER, SaUy, ah, YR, THe, vet, arenes, fageny, adie: (b) afafze, arnt, gear, asta, arfeen, avin (a) Pier, aya, gate, weer, Hey, PUT, ae, wre, rea, Yea, gL, WU, Fer, fe, Ty, Ge, waa (b) Bat, sgh, wha (c) Gerwe:, arn, ah, ars, SATE, TE, STORY, see (a) ie, frat) (b) etn, free, a0, frre, syoT, afro, wee (a) URIS: TENE: STS: TTT: ST: | (b) ae &r:, Tea, TSH, TT, feo, ATT (a) ay, fiery, fafercrer:, fier) (b) Sere, veAK, WHO Answers 1-2 No change. Use the words as they are, ¢.g,, a7 Hed aatfini ee: sek: meter ore erat ferent You may change the verbal form in different tenses and moods. You may also change the gender and number of the subject. 3. Replace fart by Wf the word ends in Prt, e.g,, 1 12 anf: No change needed for words ending in 4, e.g., 77 AIT arate: ? 4-18 AsimNo. 3. The verbal forms are ; (4) yeas, (5) "ehh, (6) ferent, (7) ferrari, (8) forte, (9) wer, (10) "perf, (11) geantfiy, (12) seonenfty, (13) eranfty, (14) argent, (15) afirenfi, (16) aerate, (17) atone, (18) areata 19. _ ferenft (a) As in No. 3.(b) No change. Use the words as they are. 20. qearf (a) As in No. 3. (b) fray, A, SRT, SIA, RTH, FAAP! (c) No change. 21. avatf% (a) As in No.3. (b) No change. Use the words as they are. 22, syn (a) As in No. 3. (b) Add 4, e.g., fafierny, ari 23, seat (a-b) As in No. 22. (c) Replace fart and 4 by AM, ¢.g., FETE, TUR 24, (a) tid aranfit afar aenfy | (b) No change. Use the words as they are. 25, rafal (a) Replace fit by % ¢.g., afsere, Te 1(b) No change. 26. sTe@nfini (a) As in No. 3. (b) Replace 4 by 37, e.g., tsrara, sears, wT arr, TL, a ery, — crenfh, ergy gah, ear srrestfin (za) mp ary — arena, wey eerfe, aar arreerfa (aT) (ay arr, — areata, ergy geet, area sarresifin (ara) 59aARAag aD A ayaa agaregd g7a gatas Can) Br — Brett, eT Tea, ATEN SATE CAT) @) ary — erent, ergy sents, ene arrestin cara) (ean erry — arent, easy, fern arrati (ferm) Cy ey — rea, ME Fant, tea rent Che) Con arr — arene, are gears, rear srr Cara) Gn-@) serra — serene, sararar, geome, ere Sarre rTET) 8 an, aft ae arma = (aya) afta wR " ea ” (ea) -aftents ait wer ” cam wa wr » ‘on ag att 7 cram afcrent ar fire : (m= aaron Tea, afer . caper afeoarfts afer sfecat . casfem) Sfeawarler ofegy, fefart . (ffir) Aferatt Roary fife, (aferfera) area yar, (fra arent ar ” qar » @a) feat ic Fare » caftfara) Sea oF frat " crafira) Seer aq rant ret arrath (rey ae fi Ae ” arat ahr) ar er i asa a facet «faferea) erent may, qe aa) aeentiy m7 wer ray sweaty AT, ara 7 (rR) eat Lia at . ce) sarteena ame, oT . (avez) weet we, viaga (afte) saree wee safera eaten) rents a aE cae) wea re Hu erg) sea rt wer » (2) went Tey , 7 : cw TH» TH ” Tm) Feat TL == . om)werent Tey woth yet ares (peta) ferent ag, Ia » mM a ayeirenti aaa awe orm ry cet cacus ” aera ” (4a) Clarifications (7m) > changes to ?L if it is preceded by % or T or 4 even if there are intervening vowels and consonants of ai, wel and &, 4, 3, e.g., 707, eon, Oyo, wir, TIT, Te, farrier, Tae, but 24, GPT, sas, Fry, sey (@) This rule does not apply if the + is the final letter of the word, ¢.g,, 74, HI", Rafe! The following are avyayas. Suffixes are not added to them. B3, FA, FA, 7A, WHA, ATA, WHA, TE, AT, Hel, WaT, BART, TAHA, ge, lea, aT, TAT, HT, FT, fear, fer, wan, an, fren, ade, wear! aa, 4, 4, oe, Ae, atta, fe, arf, ga, afe, afé, g, fara, Wwe, ae, w, sfa, ge, THR, wha, eae changes to azar if it is followed by a consonant. Nowadays scholars make no difference between the words @ and 27m, wm and yar, Umea and 324 meaning ‘this’. Fa, 3A, Ue, za, feH, 72H are used as subjects and objects in neuter gender, c.g.. Uae FT| aA, TRAC TS | TT ST TTT eH a A IE Gehan: The fart is added to the words ending in #, %, 3, & in masculine and feminine gender in the nominative case singular number. ‘aand ty keep their fae if they are followed by a word beginning with # or if they happen to be at the end of a sentence. In all other cases the faerf can be dropped. But in poetry, the #7 being compulsory, # and eH always drop their frer4 if they are followed by a word beginning with any letter other than &. . The din a suffix changes to Vif it is preceded by any vowel other than # or 21, ¢.g., aftg ergy, fey, By, thy, atthe, but vata, wrafa, cere, aang! |. If there is a prefix before a root, the # of the past tense (qT) is placed before the root, not before the prefix. fant - afaeray safemft — rosary = saferery . FH is added to the verbs in the present tense to denote a continuous or repeated action in the past, c.g., 3@ APRA Bepey seas gene er care Pepa A Tee frrere: ni dem waa ore: ae aor sears cee eT . 7 is used in place of ar if the root has a prefix, e.g.. 1 F.-Y > app gy FA, aI aqGEN YS EyeT, faz] free 6lFOR THE TEACHERS 1, The following names with different endings may be used for further practice of lessons 6 (Table A below) and 12 (Table B). A fran, fafae, sara, wre SUS, ST, FAT, SEETT, SAT rs) FH me | Aq, atrag, arg, arg, ay, qT g 2 yay 1g 8g. ge | gh Fare ca Fare Match the authors in Section A to their works given in Section B, ¢.g.. eareea: Se ) wa ares rae 2 oarereas fe afer? sree TT aT? Soa: eT T Tare ai gay Areata: 2 mio igary eremperatot are 2 afore aera erepertoT fee eer? fe gers fap: ce ar 2 enfin srererren: Tafa | yay: aTATATT: vata faeprat carer Tafa A leqrata, 2anferera, Sura, 4sorara, Sarr, Sages, "fesrara, Sara, Sar, Ogres, Uontints, qarq, Sorste, Merrafe, Sugnitaifira, 'frepereat B Cerprate, Saray, Sfrgrranqy Mamarafiag, Gaerarery, araacen, |! sr. art, oar, Sema, Serorarraeny, baie reat, ert irq (fropnty), Vawst (afre)1 623. Thestudents may be asked to use the declined forms of all the pronouns leamt in lessons 6 and 12 as a monologue and dialogues, c.g.,(&) #€ #: 2! gi a arate 22 war ae Hee Ht pee ai aie on ated aq gi fag oe Pred a aor 6 afr af sree are Who am 1? 2. You don't know me ? 3. Don't quarrel with me. 4. Don’t scald me. 5. Stay away from me, Don’t come near me. 7. Fire is burning in me. Be careful. ae a eh eR AS 2 cat FEE He HE Hoe A HE ad TAT aE woe a ati a aa Fe Hore Haha Tel fe a She! ae Geet Mes a cee a aed anfer carte ae at fare are cary i fertile few ae free a ae ae Ta free areata) oa ae Pre? a ares) af aftay seit) erase cafe af waefa 2 cafa wer afer acta 2 pa? exias WR 7 eT ts? oi as 7 Os He HOS HET Te Hee TT HE we mmf ar Bien wet mofes a Sf) cee, FE fers rem: ay fares wer Prep a eS) wer: Pepe res | afer, ata Sefa are Tey aay sae eae ort a 2 ee or 2 ee ena ? sat a eae 2 as ae es OT Ee oe ae ee mr ape are fer a fen are rife on She areere, ai fees orem: ai fag area ae a are) oem: free 3 apres) afer sett) eras rer, af wrefa! aaer (@ i & 2 wd war Way ea A Se? at Gey Bee a ey sre: We HSE THOT Ts Ganhh: we Hes a Gi Gay steal: we HeE Gea TH rena inte a ca aes pened nfs A ear ey eres is seer Gay ater Gi fae ae ger ee fear ay rer ee foe yey areas Pens a aera aa aT freed rere: ae stone Pend a sire TET sia Saeha | ATA TATA afen vrata ? qearg ser afar saote ? aa ? aeiaai TR 2 om: er 2 OS he 2 el a rh 2d Bs ae ere HE aa TP: We HSE F Hoa Fa Hes MiSs aT aS a: es a ea eH: Se ferret ae aT: ai fame ai ai Freed 9 eat a ara Pred 3 reer 3g af seer Bree arg af sae ara Sh 2 Se: Or: 2 Fa Sa a ae 2 ay ee: Ue 2 Gay Uf: we Hed A HET ay aft: He HOES A PET! AA TA: Mes A ST! FIA ANT: fee A Ta LT TEA: gi free ey ae: Bt fase ey wat Freee 4 ares ay ara Peed 3 are ay aia wrote | area arg aay saree) BraaTTH 634. Here are some ways by which the students can be shown to put to practical use the lesson just learnt: Lesson 2 : A student rings up another student. After the customary greetings. he informs the other as to why he will not be able to meet him this evening. Lesson 3 ; Each student introduces himself and his family using the words and phrases learnt in lessons I, 2, 3. Lesson 4 : Each student describes his daily routine. Lesson § : (a) Each student describes what he did last Sunday, using different times, ¢.g., | woke up at 5.45 a.m., | did my homework from 6 a.m. to 7.15 a.m., ete. (b) Each student describes what he plans to do during the coming holidays, Lesson 6 : The teacher collects an object from each student, e.g., a ruler, an eraser, anote-book etc. and places them on his table. He picks up one al random and holds it up. The student to whom it belongs lifts up his hand. His neighbour must say whose it is, e.g., 4 Gta a4 BhararT: Feo Lesson 7 ; Have the students engage in dialogues in which one asks another for advice and the other lists out the do's and don'ts using the imperative mood, ¢.g., feat ar are1 qatcary yay Shaw we: wae! Be! One could vary by using [, we, he, she. my brother, my sister, etc. Lesson 8; The students may be grouped in batches of 3 and made to converse in complete sentences along the following lines : Student A proposes a course of action, Student B accepts and Student C refuses giving reasons, e.g., Student A: fret aeay sueropey aft ae srafegy Sata am: wap reefs 2 Student B : até arf ARR aft eprom ae wa Fafa Student C : art a nfenfin star afoot Pafreet Sera, ae Tf a ERA Lesson 9 : (a) The teacher can ask the students to give the number of different objects in the classroom in complete sentences. (b) The teacher writes two numbers on the board and asks the students to add or subtract them. Lesson 10 : (a) Ask the students to describe someone using adjectives learnt, e.g., the appearance of his brother/sister to his friend who is supposed to receive hinvher at the Railway Station. (b) Describe your best friend’s physical and psychological traits. Lesson 11 : Have the students describe a recent trip or picnic. esson 13 : Have two students enact a dialogue in which one of them had failed to turn up for an appointment on the previous day. The best thing would be to tell them a story, using very simple words and phrases so that they can understand (a little story, short and interesting or amusing), and then afterwards ask them to write down in class what they have heard. MCW 12: 331 The Mother