CHAPTER - III

DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS
OF NAVI MUMBAI

3.1. INTRODUCTION

3.2 DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION

3. 3 DECADAL VARIATION IN POPULATION

3. 4 DENSITY OF POPULATION

3.5 SEX RATIO

3.6 OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE

3.7 LAND UTILISATION

3.8 INDUSTRIES OF NAVI MUMBAI

 CHAPTER-III

DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS
OF NAVI MUMBAI
3.1 INTRODUCTION:

The term demography has been defined as the study of components of

population variation and change. It was applied in French Academic circles to

statistics concerning the life conditions of the people especially those effecting

health and mortality, but in modern usage it has been restricted to the study of
population, i.e., the quantitative analysis of population structure and trend.1

During the last million years new and incredibly thin layer has spread

over large part of the earth’s surface by the contact of air, water and land. This
layer is spread over man and his work.2 Thus, man being a resource, helps

himself for the development of his own society and country or a region. In

view of this, the study of human distribution and working force in the

development of the study area in a particular, state and nation in general is very

essential.

The uneven distribution of population needs proper adjustment of

existing things through special planning in relation with the economic

condition of the region. Such planning only could bring the rise in the standard

of living of the population. So population planning is most important in

resource and development planning, as population is the main element with

reference to which other resources are planned.

The population growth and distribution has attracted increasing attention

from geographer and planners in India from two to three decades to make the

special approach in term to solve the human problem, which is a great task to

72
handle. Here an attempt has been made on demographic dimension and human

resources to examine the pattern of population growth in the study area. The

study includes the spatial and temporal variation and distribution of population

features like growth, trend, rural and urban population, population density, sex

ratio, occupational structure etc.

Navi Mumbai is situated close to Mumbai. The Maharashtra

Government Industrial Promotion Policy enables development of industrial belt

in Navi Mumbai. The different industries have attracted people from different

areas by providing employment opportunities.

Many government and corporate offices have been shifted from Mumbai

to Navi Mumbai to decongest Mumbai. Petrochemical, oil and Processing,

Chemical, Engineering, Pharmaceutical, Textile Processing, Electronics, Paper,

Plastic, Steel and Food Industries in Taloja, IT Sector, SEZ, DAKC and Thane

Belapur Industrial Belt of Navi Mumbai, offer job opportunities of every

conceivable kind from engineers to mechanics and clerks to peons. Due to this,

a large population of middle class and service class people migrated to Navi

Mumbai.

The total population residing in Navi Mumbai in 1961 was 110671. It

was 156031 in the year 1971. Population of Navi Mumbai rose to 250531

during 1981 and in 1991 it was recorded to 535871. It reached its maximum of

1051085 in the year 2001. This indicates that population goes on increasing

because of rapid industrialization and urbanization. The density of population

in Navi Mumbai was 3055 per sq km in 2001.4

73
3.2 DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION:

The latest population of Navi Mumbai is 10,51,085 which accounts for

1.09% of the total population of the state. There has been a continuous increase

in the growth of population in Navi Mumbai since 1961, mainly due to excess

of birth over deaths, decline in the rate of infant mortality and migration of

people from neighbouring and other parts of the country for better

opportunities such as employment, education and business etc.

Table-3.1

Navi Mumbai Total Population 1961-2001

Population
Years
Male Female Total

1961 57224 53447 110671

1971 82045 73986 156031

1981 134010 116521 250531

1991 289272 246599 535871

2001 581869 469216 1051085

TOTAL 1144420 959769 2104189

Source: District Census Hand Books

The table 3.1 reveals the details of total population of Navi Mumbai

during the period from 1961 to 2001. In 1961, Navi Mumbai had only 0.28

percent of the total population of the state. In the later decades, the share of

74
 Navi Mumbai in the total population of the state has shown an increasing trend

due to above said reasons. In the latest year it reached to 1.09%.

Total Population of Navi Mumbai - 1961-2001

1200000
Population

Fig-3.1
Table 3.2 shows the percentage distribution in Navi Mumbai to the total

population of the state during the period from 1961- 2001.

Table-3.2

Growth of Population of Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra and India (1961 -2001)

1 Percentage 1
Navi Mumbai Maharashtra Percentage India

Years Share to Share to

Urban Rural Total Total Total
state country

1961 28359 82312 110671 39553718 0.28 439235082 0.03

1971 39218 116813 156031 50412235 0.31 548159652 0.03

1981 66938 183593 250531 62784171 0.40 683329097 0.04

1991 291297 244574 535871 78937187 0.68 844324222 0.06

2001 932775 118310 1051085 96752247 1.09 1028737436 0.10

Source: District Census Hand Books

75
 Growth of Population of Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra and India (1961 -2001)

1200000000
Population

-♦— Navi Mumbai

— Maharashtra
-±— hdia

Fig.-3.2

Table 3.2 highlights the growth of population in Navi Mumbai,

Maharashtra State and India. It is noticed that there is an increase in population

in India, Maharashtra and the study area in the five decades. It is due to the

development of various types of industries such as chemical, engineering,

textile etc. and infrastructural facilities like medical, engineering, technical

colleges and medical, transport facilities have attracted the villagers to the

urban areas leading to the rapid growth of population in the study area and case

may be the same to India and Maharashtra.

Table 3.3 highlights the taluk-wise population in Navi Mumbai. The

highest population is found in Panvel in all the 5 years and is followed by

Thane and Uran. It is because of Industrial growth in the talukas.

76
 Table-3.3

Taluk-wise Male and Female Distribution of Population (1961-2001)

Total
Name of the
Taluk 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001
Total 54412 70610 101653 158752 261483
Male 27939 36612 53585 84090 140657
Panvel
Female 26473 33998 48068 74662 120826

Total 35495 45358 59272 70610 98330

Male 18658 23843 31664 37014 52110
Uran
Female 16837 21515 27608 33596 46220

Total 20764 40063 89606 306509 691272

Male 10627 21590 48761 168168 389102
Thane
Female 10137 18473 40845 138341 302170

Total 110671 156031 250531 535871 1051085

Source: District Census Handbooks

Taluk-wise Population (1961-2001)

700000

600000

500000
Population

□ Panvel
■ Uran
□ Thane

Fig.-3.3

77
 Panvel taluk Distribution of Population (1961-2001)

Fig.-3.4

Uran taluk Distribution of Population (1961-2001)

Population

Years

Fig.-3„5

78
 Thane taluk Distribution of Population
Population

Fig.-3.6

Significant fluctuations in the percentage distribution to the total

population of Navi Mumbai have been noticed in Panvel and Uran taluks

during the decades from 1961 to 2001. It can also be noticed that among the

three taluks of Navi Mumbai, Panvel had the maximum share of population

(45-49%) from 1961 - 1981. In subsequent decades Thane took the lead

followed by Panvel taluk till 2001. It is due to the above said reasons.

Table- 3.4
Percentage distribution of population in different taluks (1961 - 2001)

Name of Census Years

the Taluk 1961 % 1971 % 1981 % 1991 % 2001 %

Panvel 54412 49.17 70610 45.25 101653 40.58 158752 29.63 261483 24.88

Uran 35495 32.07 45358 29.07 59272 23.66 70610 13.18 98330 9.36

Thane 20764 18.76 40063 25.68 89606 35.77 306509 57.20 691272 65.77

Navi Mumbai 110671 100.00 156031 100.00 250531 100.00 535871 100.00 1051085 100.00

Source: District Census Handbooks.

79
3.3 DECADAL VARIATION IN POPULATION:

Table 3.5 indicates the decadal variation of population in Navi Mumbai

from 1961 to 2001 reveals that in all the years, there is an increase in the

decadal population growth. The decadal variation of population of Navi

Mumbai in 1961-1971 was 45360 persons.

Table-3.5

Decadal Variation of Population in Navi Mumbai (1961-2001)

Census Years Total Population Decadal Variation

1961 110671 -

1971 156031 45360

1981 250531 94500

1991 535871 285340

2001 1051085 515214

2011 1099038 47953

2021 1329105 230067

Source: District Census Handbooks.

This reached its maximum in 1991-2001 with 515214 persons. The

projected population for the year 2011 would be 1099038 persons and for the

year 2021 it will be 1325105. For estimating the population of Navi Mumbai

for the years 2011 and 2021, the Least Square Method is used and the formula

is as follows.

Y = a + bx

80
 Table 3.6 indicates the total population and decadal variation in

population of Navi Mumbai from 1971- 2001.

Table-3.6

Decadal Variation of Population to the Total Population (1961-2001)

Name of the Census (Years)

Taluk
1961 1971 1981 1991 2001

Panvel -
16198 31043 57099 102731

Uran -
9863 13914 11338 27720

Thane -
19299 49543 216903 384763

TOTAL -
45360 94500 285340 515214

Source: District Census Handbooks.

Table 3.6 highlights the decadal variation of population in Navi

Mumbai. In all taluks of Navi Mumbai the decadal population variation to total

population of the taluks has shown an increasing trends in all the years since

1971. However a considerable slow increase in decadal population growth has

taken place in Uran taluk due to the lack of infrastructural facilities (11338)

and increase was observed during the year 2001 (27720).

3.4 DENSITY OF POPULATION:

The density of population is the indicator of human concentration and

gives some indication regarding the extent of population pressure. Density and

growth of population follows the rainfall line, the concept was true in olden

days as well as it is today, but to some extent the concept has changed and it

has followed, apart from the rainfall line, urbanization and industrialization,

81
both having extended their influence on population, density and growth. There

is a distinct spatial variation in the distribution of population. This variation has

been affected by geographic factors5 and also by a number of social, economic

and special processes like industrialization, urbanization and regionalization

linked with distribution of population.6 The economic characteristics of an area

exert a much more direct effect upon its population patterns than its physical

characteristics which play an important role for the over all development of

the area. Hence, it is very interesting to study the density and distribution of

population in the study area.

The density of population of Navi Mumbai has shown an increasing

trend froml961 onwards (See Table-3.7). In 1961 the corresponding figure was

322 persons/ km2. (See Fig.-3.7) The population density of Navi Mumbai

continuously increased during the decades from 1961 to 2001. It exceeded the

1558 persons / km2 mark in 1991.

Table - 3.7
Decade-wise Density of Population-Navi Mumbai (1961 - 2001)

Total Area Density of

Years
Population
Population Sq.kms.

1961 110671 344 322

1971 156031 344 454

1981 250531 344 728

1991 535871 344 1558

2001 1051085 344 3055

Source: District Census Handbooks

82
 The population density of Navi Mumbai increased to a value of 3055

persons / km2 in the year 2001. The density of population during 1991 and 2001

were 1558 persons / km2 and 3055 persons / km2 respectively. This shows that

during the last decade (1991 - 2001) there has been an increase of 1497

persons / km2 in Navi Mumbai. The rate of increase in density of population

during 1981 - 1991 was 830 persons / km2. It is due to immigration of people

from other districts and states of the country, improvement in the infrastructural

facilities, availability of employment opportunities for the skilled and unskilled

labourers etc.

Density of Population-Navi Mumbai (1961 - 2001)

□ 1961 a 1971 D1981 ■ 1991 «2001

Fig. 3.7

83
 Table - 3.8

Taluk-wise density of population of Navi Mumbai (1961-2001)

Name of the Taluk-wise Density of Population (per

Taluk sq. km)

1961 1971 1981 1991 2001

Panvel 365 474 682 1065 1755

Uran 390 498 651 776 1081

Thane 200 385 862 2947 6647

Source: District Census Handbooks

Taluk-wise density of population of Navi Mumbai (1961-2001)

Fig.-3.8

84
85
 Table- 3.8 reveals the taluk-wise density of population of Navi Mumbai

from 1961 - 2001. Since 1961 all the taluks of Navi Mumbai have shown an

increasing trend in densities of population, because of immigration of

population from various regions for employment, education and business. The

density of population of Thane taluk is considerably more than the density of

population for Navi Mumbai as a whole (6647 persons / km2). According to

2001 census, among all the taluks of Navi Mumbai, Uran taluk has the lowest

population (1081 persons / km ) while Thane taluk has the highest density of

population (6647 persons / km2 ) due to large number of industries. It is

followed by Panvel taluk where density of population was 1755 persons km2

(See Fig.-3.9)

3.5 SEX RATIO:

Sex ratio is defined as the number of females per 1000 males in the

population. According to the observation of UN-Population Division, all over

the world, the male population is more than female population i.e. there were

927 females for 1000 males in 1990. The sex ratio of Navi Mumbai is 806

females / 1000 in the year 2001. The sex ratio of Navi Mumbai has shown a

decreasing trend from 1961 census.

The sex ratio of Navi Mumbai in the year 1961 was 934 females / 1000

males (Table 3.9) which decreased to 852 females / 1000 males 1991 and to

806 females in 2001 census respectively.

86
 Table-3.9

Variation of sex ratio of Navi Mumbai from 1961 to 2001

Years Sex Ratio (No. of females /1000 Males)

1961 934
1971 901
1981 869
1991 852
2001 806

Source: District Census Handbooks.

The last decade has witnessed a decrease of 46 females / 1000 males in

Navi Mumbai as compared to only 17 females / 1000 during the previous

decade 1981 - 1991. Navi Mumbai is dominated by large industries, where

male population have migrated in search of good employment and also many

male students have migrated here for educational purposes, thereby increasing

the number of male population.

Sex Ratio (No. of Females /1000 Females)

869

□ 1961 ■ 1971 □ 1981 ■ 1991 D2001

Fig.- 3.10

87
 Sex ratio is considered one of the important demographic factor. That

explains the balance or imbalance between number of female for 1000 male. It

is always required to know the demographic characteristic of a region. Average

sex ratio of India is 933 females for 1000 males in 2001. The Maharashtra state

sex ratio is 922 females for 1000 males. Comparing to the nation and the state,

it is observable from the table 3.10 that the sex ratio of study area indicates far

less number of female for 1000 males. This is an imbalanced sex ratio. The

reason for such imbalance sex ratio is mainly associated with unwillingness of

having female child. Such an attitude can be noticed all over the nation in

Indian women.

Table-3.10

Taluk-wise distribution of sex ratio of Navi Mumbai (1961-2001)

Name of the
1961 1971 1981 1991 2001
Taluka

Panvel 948 929 897 888 859

Uran 902 902 872 908 887

Thane 954 856 838 823 777

Source: District Census Handbooks.

Recently, inspite of rising rate of literacy, the dowry system has become

much more intensified in India. Marriages are becoming much more expensive,

even in middle and lower class society. That is why, the recent discovery of sex

determination test has made it possible to kill the female foetus before birth.

Wide imbalance in sex ratio is creating other serious consequences. When sex

88
raio data from 1961 to 2001 is observed the data obviously indicates the

decreasing trend of female. However, the sex ratio for all three taluks - Panvel,

Uran and Thane (2001), though it is varying, the variation is not much

pronounced. (See Table -3.10)

3.6 OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE:

An economically productive pursuit is conceived here as an occupation

o
and as such there can be many occupations. The composition of working force

of population is of major importance for several economic and social

characteristics of the population, more or less depending on it. Occupational

composition is an important index to throw light upon the composition of

dynamic of health and vigour of a region.9 However, studies concerned with

occupational pattern, especially in India, have attained a greater significance

only in recent time.10

Such studies can give the spatial relationship between various

occupations and the resultant spatial interaction within a regional frame work.

The occupational pattern of population has been classified into three broad

categories, namely, the primary, secondary and tertiary. The operational

structure of occupational pattern is taken as relationship pattern of the above

mentioned three major occupational components of working population as it

forms the core of the economic system of the study area.11

89
 Table-3.11 1,.

Occupational structure of Navi Mumbai (1961-2001)

SI. Census Years

Item
No. 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001
1 Total Population 110671 156031 250531 535871 1051085
Total Workers (Main+
2 47827 48920 90004 148593 391396
marginal)
Worker Participation Rate (%
3 43.21 31.35 35.93 27.73 37.24
workers to total population)
4 Total Non Workers 62844 107111 160527 266354 659689
Percentage Distribution of Non
5 56.74 68.65 64.07 49.70 62.76
Workers
6 Total Main Workers 47827 48920 83125 139134 374053
Decadal increase in Main
7 - 4765 34205 56009 234919
Workers
Percentage Distribution of Main
8 43.18 31.35 33.18 25.96 35.59
Workers
Total Main Workers Engaged in
9 a)Primary Sector 27378 19826 18439 13204 4953
b) Secondary Sector 4983 1083 1803 2023 5624
c) Tertiary Sector 15466 28011 62883 123909 363476
Percentage Distribution of Main
Workers in
10 a)Primary Sector 57.24 40.53 20.49 8.89 1.27
b) Secondary Sector 4.50 0.69 0.72 0.38 0.54
c) Tertiary Sector 13.96 17.95 25.10 23.12 34.58
Source: District Census Handbooks

In the year 1961, out of the total population of 110671 persons 47827

persons were grouped under the category of workers. It accounted for 43.21%

of the total population of the study area. Where as in 2001 census out of the

total population of 1051085 persons, 391396 persons were workers. In other

90
words it is 37.24% of the total population of Navi Mumbai comes under the

category of workers in 2001. In 1971 the total workers were less than one third

of the total population. In 1991, the worker participation rate was the least in

Navi Mumbai and it was only 27.73% of the total population. In 2001, it

increased to 37.24%. However in all the decades from 1961 to 2001, 49% to

62% of the total population were treated as non workers in Navi Mumbai. The

number of main workers in Navi Mumbai has been continuously increasing

since 1961. In 1961 the number total main workers was 47827 persons and it

rose to 374053 in 2001 census.

From the above table it is noticed that, in all the ten categories there is

an increase in occupational structure from 1961 to 1981 and from 1991 to

2001. But in the year 1991 there is increase in all the categories of

occupational structure it is due to the shift of people from primary to secondary

and tertiary activities in the study area. But decrease in secondary and tertiary

activities is mainly due to the out migration of people to the other areas or to

the developing areas of near by districts and states. However, the decreased in

tertiary and secondary activities is not much pronounced in 1991.

It can be noticed from Table 3.12 that there has been a considerable

decline in the proportion of main workers in primary and secondary sector to

the total population since the 1961 to 2001. While in the tertiary sector, it has

been gradually increasing from 1961 to 2001 due to rapid urbanization in the

study area.

91
 Table-3.12

Panvel Taluk Distribution of Total Workers (1961 - 2001)

SI. Census Years

Item
No. 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001

1 Total Population 54412 70610 101653 158752 261483

2 Total Workers (Main + marginal) 22170 21504 36577 56763 90841

Worker Participation Rate (%

3 40.74 30.45 35.98 35.76 34.74
workers to total population)

4 Total Non Workers 32242 49106 65076 101999 170642

Percentage Distribution of Non

5 59.26 69.55 64.02 64.25 65.26
Workers

6 Total Main Workers 22170 21504 33318 52862 79059

7 Decadal increase in Main Workers - -666 11814 19544 26197

Percentage Distribution of Main

8 Workers 40.74 30.45 32.78 33.30 30.23

Total Main Workers Engaged in

9 a)Primary Sector 13086 10347 10022 9639 3266

b) Secondary Sector 1192 327 814 1283 1660

c) Tertiary Sector 7892 10830 22482 41940 74133

Percentage Distribution of Main

Workers in

10 a)Primary Sector 59.03 48.12 27.40 16.98 3.60

b) Secondary Sector 2.19 0.46 0.80 0.81 0.63

c) Tertiary Sector 14.50 15.34 22.12 26.42 28.35

Source: District Census Handbooks.

92
 Panvel taluk has shown an increase in the number of total workers since

1971. In 1961 the total workers in the taluk was 22170 persons out of the total

population 54412 persons. In this taluk, more than one third of the population

is treated as workers in 2001. In 1971 work participation rate was only 30.45%

and the maximum was noticed in 1961 with 40.74%. In 2001 it was only

34.74%. The non-workers percentage has varied between 59% to 69% during

the decades from 1961 to 2001. In Panvel taluk the main workers percentage in

the 1961 census was 55%. The distribution of main workers in the taluk has

been decreased during 1991-2001 while their percentage of distribution was the

least in 2001 with only of 30.23%.

A sharp decline in the primary and secondary sector has been noticed in

the taluk during the period from 1961 to 2001, where as a considerable increase

has been noticed in the tertiary sector in all the years since 1961 to 2001. It was

14.50% in 1961 and it increased to 28.35% by 2001 and it was due to many

reasons.

Uran taluk has shown a decrease in the number of total workers during

the 1961-1971 by 1170 persons. In the subsequent decades the number of total

workers has been increasing gradually. It was 34865 in 2001 as against 15463

in 1961 and 26833 in 1991 respectively.

Table 3.13 shows the distribution of total workers of Uran taluk in Navi

Mumbai during the period from 1961 to 2001 census.

93
 Table-3.13

Uran Taluk Distribution of Total Workers ( 1961 - 2001)

Census Years
SI. No. Item
1961 1971 1981 1991 2001

1 Total Population 35495 45358 59272 70610 98330

2 Total Workers (Main + marginal) 15463 14293 22462 26833 34865

Worker Participation Rate (%

3 workers to total population ) 43.56 31.51 37.90 38.00 35.46

4 Total Non Workers 20032 31065 36810 43777 63465

Percentage Distribution of Non

5 Workers 56.44 68.49 62.10 62.00 64.54

6 Total Main Workers 15463 14293 21333 22293 29304

7 Decadal increase in Main Workers - -1170 7040 960 7011

Percentage Distribution of Main

8 Workers 43.56 31.51 35.99 31.57 29.80

Total Main Workers Engaged in

9 a)Primary Sector 6866 4773 5865 3346 1400

b) Secondary Sector 2477 637 401 440 511

c) Tertiary Sector 6120 8883 15067 18509 27393

Percentage Distribution of Main

Workers in

10 a) Primary Sector 44.40 33.39 26.11 12.47 4.02

b) Secondary Sector 6.98 1.40 0.68 0.62 0.52

c) Tertiary Sector 17.24 19.58 25.42 26.21 27.86

Source: District Census Handbooks

94
 The rate of worker participation in the Uran taluk has shown an increase

since 1971, but in 2001 it has shown a decrease accounting to a total of 35.46%

as against 38% in 1991 and 37.90% in 1981. Uran taluk has shown 43.56% in

1961 and 31.51% in 1971. This percentage share has decreased to 29.80% in

2001 as against that of 31.57% in 1991 and 43.56% in 1961. It is noticed that

Uran taluk has experienced some fluctuations in the number of workers

participation. It is mainly due to some fluctuation or increasing and decreasing

tendencies in creation of employment opportunities.

In the Uran taluk, the percentage distribution of workers in the primary

sector has shown a considerable decline in all the decade census since 1961.

The percentage distribution of main workers in the primary sector was 44.40%

in 1961 and it declined to 4.02% in the latest census. The percentage

distribution of main workers in the secondary sector was 6.98% in 1961 and it

has decreased to 0.52% in 2001. where as in the tertiary sector the distribution

of main workers has increased gradually in all the years since 1961 from

17.24% in 1961 to 27.86% in 2001 census. In Navi Mumbai, tertiary sector is

developing faster.

Table 3.14 shows the distribution of total workers during the period

from 1961 to 2001 census.

95
 Table-3.14

Thane Taluk Distribution of Total Workers (1961-2001)

SI. Census Years

Item
No. 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001
1 Total Population 20764 40063 89606 306509 691272
2 Total Workers (Main + marginal) 10194 13123 30965 64997 265690
3 Worker Participation Rate ( %
49.09 32.76 34.56 21.21 38.43
workers to total population)
4 Total Non Workers 10570 26940 58641 120578 659689
Percentage Distribution of Non
5 Workers 50.91 67.24 65.44 39.34 95.43
6 Total Main Workers 10194 13123 28474 63979 265690
7 Decadal increase in Main Workers - 2929 15351 35505 201711
8 Percentage Distribution of Main
49.09 32.76 31.78 20.87 38.43
Workers
Total Main Workers Engaged in
9 a) Primary Sector 7426 4706 2552 219 287
b) Secondary Sector 1314 119 588 300 3453
c) Tertiary Sector 1454 8298 25334 63460 261950
Percentage Distribution of Main
Workers in
10 a) Primary Sector 72.85 35.86 8.24 0.34 0.11
b) Secondary Sector 6.33 0.30 0.66 0.10 0.50
c) Tertiary Sector 7.00 20.71 28.27 20.70 37.89
Source: District Census Handbooks

The total number of workers in Thane taluk has shown an increase of

200693 reaching 265690 persons in 2001 as against 64997 persons in 1991.

The work participation rate has increased to 17.22% and has been noticed in

the Thane taluk. It was maximum in the year 1961 (49.09%). In 2001 it was

38.43% as against 21.21% in 1991. The percentage distribution of non-workers

varied between 39% in 1961 to 95% in 2001. This was due to high birth rate

96
and low birth rate are natural reasons for this, which is supplemented by

immigrants. The total number of main workers to total population in the taluk

has increased in all the four decades and their percentage share to the total

population of the taluk varied between 20% to 49.09% since 1961.

3.7 LAND UTILIZATION:

Table 3.15 reveals that highest percentage of land use put under

agricultural purpose which constitutes 50% of the land use in the study area

and which is followed by low lying area with 19.20% of the land use. 8.20% of

the land use is put under forest purpose.

Table-3.15

Initial Land use Pattern, 1973

Area
Land use %
(Sq.Km.)

Gaothans 2.91 0.8

Industrial Areas 28.7 8.5

Low Lying Areas 66.94 19.20

Saltpans 16.69 5.63

Forests 28.61 8.20

Hills(>30m) not covered by forests 21.72 6.30

Defence 4.56 1.30

MSEB 0.25 0.07

Cultivable 173.62 50.00

Total 344.00 100.00

Source: CIDCO (1973), Draft Development plan of New Bombay

97
Fig. 3.11

98
 The remaining land use pattern is put under the different catagories

constituting about 22.53%. Least percent of land use is put under MSEB with

0.07%. It has been clearly observed that the land use pattern varies from the

cultivable land to MSEB. The purpose of utilisation of such type of land use is

reflecting the need and functions of that land use. The researcher has made an

attempt to understand the land use for useful to study the existing land use

pattern in the study region. (See Fig.-3.11)

The total geographical area of Navi Mumbai has remained 344 Sq. Km

in the year 1973 and 1992 and the land use pattern for 1973 and 1992 were

dominantly the agricultural region.

Table-3.16
Modified Land Use Pattern -1992

Area
Land use %
(Sq.Km.)
Residential 132.68 38.64
Commercial 5.75 1.67
Industrial 43.14 12.55
Port Areas 22.70 6.60
Wholesale Markets and Warehousing 4.60 1.33
Regional Parks (including woodland corridors) 66.54 19.35
Institutional (Including University) 1.09 0.31
Fishing and Allied 3.44 1.00
Transportation 29.73 8.65
No Development Zone(including Defence Lands) 34.03 9.90
Total 344.00 100.00
Source: CIDCO, Statement showing the comparative Land Use Pattern in
Navi Mumbai

99
 It is observable from the table 3.15 and 3.16 of land use pattern of 1973

and 1992 that commercial area, port area, wholesale market, regional park,

institutional use, fishing activity were totally absent during 1973. It is noticed

that only after 1973 that area under commercial use, area under forest,

wholesale market area, regional park, institutional use and fishing area came

into existence out of all these land uses the maximum area is covered by

regional park i.e. 19.35%.

Commercial area occupied only 1.67% area, institutional 0.31%, port

6.60%, wholesale market 1.33% and fishing occupied 1.00%, transportation

occupied 8.65%. All these land uses together represents the total area of

31.26%. The area put to the residential use was 38.64% of the total

geographical area. The area occupied by the institutional establishments was

1.55% of the geographical area.

No development zone has occupied 9.90% of the total geographical

area. It is quite obvious that the land use pattern of Navi Mumbai has been

drastically transformed during the last three decades. As per the norms of the

land use 42-45% area has to be generally reserved for residential purpose. In

case of Navi Mumbai, the residential area has utilized more than 40% of the

total geographical area. The area still left as no development zone which is

9.90% may be considered for residential as well as industrial and for

commercial purpose. Out of this 9.90% area upto 4 or 5% may be brought

under residential use in future as per requirement. Remaining area may be

100
utilized for industrial purpose, commercial purpose, marketing purpose as well

as for park and playground development.

Table-3.17
Proposed Land use, 1996 to 2011

Land use Area (Sq. Km) %

U1 152.50 39.30
U2 15.42 4.00
Industry 53.13 13.50
Forest 43.30 11.20
Green Zone 58.49 15.00
Quarrying 0.07 -

Coastal Wetland 37.03 9.50

Water body 4.39 1.20
Port / Airport 24.20 6.30
Total 388.53 100.00
Source: MMRDA (1995), Draft Regional Plan for MMR, 1996-2011, p-487

From the year 1972 to 1992 the total geographical area of Navi Mumbai

was remained constant which was 344 Sq. Km. During 1992 about 10%

(34.03 Sq. Km.) was only left utilised. It also may be noted that after 1992

about 44 Sq. Km. area has been newly added to the Navi Mumbai. Thus, a total

of 78% (34.4 + 44.0 Sq. Km.) has to be developed in future for various

purposes. The planning authority (MMRDA) has proposed a land use pattern to

be developed in future that till 2011 out of the total geographical area available

that 78.4 Sq. Km. approximately 40% (39.3%) area has been reserved for the

urbanizable Zone-1 purpose. About 4% of the total available area for new

development is being reserved for commercial activities proposed. For

101
industrial development 13.50% of the total geographical area has been

reserved. Similarly, 11.20% area is reserved for forest development. For Green

Zone Development 15.% are is being reserved. Coastal wetland would

represent 9.50%, water body would represent 1.20% and for port and airport

6.30% area is being reserved. It is noticed that area under quarrying is totally

nil. From the figure mentioned above it may be observed that green zone

development has been given a significant importance. For industrial

development and port and airport development together consists 19.80% in the

total geographical area. However, residential area development has been given

utmost importance reserving an area of approximately 40%. This proposed land

use pattern would be developed before 2011.

3.8 INDUSTRIES OF NAVI MUMBAI:

According to the survey the growth of industries in Trans Thane Creek

started from the mid sixties and the capital investment was of Rs. 174 cores.

The total numbers of units in 1970 was 44, which increased to 3,800 in 2006.

The area has conservation of capital intensive industries.

The present survey covers nearly 5400 plots in Navi Mumbai. The

industrial belt comprises Trans Thane Creek (T.T.C) Taloja, Jawahar, Panvel

and Uran area. (See Fig.3.14) The TTC area spread over 2562 hectors, and the

total number of plots are 3824. Taloja Industrial area 900 hectors.

102
 Table -3.18
Industrial Areas of Navi Mumbi

Area No of
Sl.No. Industrial Areas No. of plots
(Ha) Industries

01 TTC (Trans Thane Creek) 2562 3824 2881

02 Taloja Industrial Estate 900 1200 841

03 Jawahar Co-operative 28 248 115

Industrial

04 Panvel Industrial 12 103 87

Co-operative

05 Other Areas -Uran - - 4

Total 3502 5375 3928

With 1,200 plots. Jawahar Co-operative industrial Estate and Panvel

Industrial Cooperative Estate Ltd., stretched on 28 hectors and 12 hectors with

total number of 248 and 103 plots respectively. The following table 3.18

reveals the industrial area number of plots and number of Industries.

The total number of Industrial units is 3928. Number of Industrial units

is less than the number of plots because some of the plots are clubbed together.

TTC area has the maximum Industries with 2,881 units that is 73% it is

because of the favoruable factor such as availability of row material, labour,

transports facilities, market etc. have influenced the congregation of major and

allied Industries, and it is followed by Taloja, with 841 units (21%), Jawahar

with 115 units (3%), Panvel with 87 units (2%) and Uran with 4 units (<1%).

103
Size of Industries:

Beginning with a small base, the mid 60 experienced an increasing pace

of industrial growth. The chemical and fibers of India established their man

made fiber plant in 1965, which was followed by the setting up a number of

manufacturing plants. Industries were grouped into three classes based on

investment in plants and machinery. Small scale Industries (SSI)have

investment less than Rs.l crore, Medium scale industries (MSI)have

investment in plants and machinery between Rs.l crore to Rs.10 crores and

large skill Industries (LSI)have investment in plants and machinery more than

Rs 10 crores.

Year wise establishment of Industries in Navi Mumbai:

Up to 1980 the total number of the industries was 6 %. the growth of

industries during 1981-1991 was 17%, in 1991-95,19% of the industries were

established and next five years, that is 1996-2000, 25% of the industries were

added . From 2001-2006, the growth of industries increased by 35 %.

Year-wise Establishment of Industries in Navi Mumbai

Fig.- 3.12

104
Status of Industries:

Out of the total number of industrial units (3928), the working unites

are 2292 (58.3%) and the closed industrial units are 686 (17.21%). (See Plate -

3.2) As compared to 1990 the total number of industrial units were 2121, which

shows a growth of 85% in 15 years.

Table -3.19
Industrial Units

Industrial Units No. %

Working units 2292 58.34%
Closed Units 686 17.21%
No response 408 10.39%
Under construction 265 6.74%
Vacant plots 277 7.05%
Total 3928 100.00

Industrial Units
e
P ercen tag e
8

Fig.-3.13

105
Types of Industries:

The industries have been classified into 14 groups. These groups include

engineering 47 %, Chemical 20% Fabrication 8%, Pharmaceuticals and food

processing 4% Electronics and Garments 3% each, packaging and printing

about 2% each, Ice factories 1.2% and stationary 0.4% and others such as

Electrical, computers, oil, Automobile etc 6%. (See Plate 3.1)

Types of Industries
o o io c n o c n o a io c n o

FYinting

Other
Stationary
Packaging
Garments
Chemical

Ice factories
Fabrication

Electronics
Food processing
Engineering

Pharmaceuticals

oro’

u>
h-
-
■

106
 I Industrial Areas

Fig. 3.15

107
 Plate - 3.1

Chemical processing industry : Growing scene of the chemical industries

might cause sleep less nights to the people

Plate - 3.2

Sick industry : A picture showing the sign of impending doom of

saturating industry

108
 REFERENCES

1 Encyclopedia Britanica (1768): Vol.7, P. 227.

2 Dicken, S.N. and Pills F.R. (1970) : “Introduction to Cultural
Geography”, Toronto, P. 33.

3 Singh, R.L., (1968) (ed.): “Population Planning and Resource Appraisal”,

“Applied Geography”, B.H.U., P. 91.

4 Environmental Status Report 2007 and 2008 and Census Book of Thane
and Raigad districts from 1961, 1971, 1981, 1991 and
2001.

5 Taher, M.C., (1976): “The Geo-economic Basins of Population

Distribution in Mongolidia subdivision Assam. The
North Eastern Geographer, Vol. viii, No. 122.

6 Mokhopadyaya, P.K., (1978): The Regional Frame of Population

Redistribution in India 1961- 1971, Geography Rev. of
India, Vol. 40, No. 2. P.113.

7 Zalinsky, W., (1966): A Prologue to Population Geographer Englewood

Cliff N.J., P.34.
8 Vijay Raj, N.C., (1974): “Urbanisation in Tungabhadra Basin”,
Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, K.U. Dharwad, P. 298.

9 Singh, H.P., (1979): “Resource Appraisal and Planning in India”, a case

study of backward region, New Delhi, P. 67.

10 Gosal, G.S.I., (1958): “The Occupational Structure of India’s Rural

Population: A Regional Analysis”, The National
Geographical Journal of India - 4, P. 137.

11 Vijay Raj, N.C., (1974): “Op. Cit., P. 228.

12 cidcoindia.com.

109