Psychological egoism

This theory tackles about the way that people behave. It states that individuals like us will act only for
our own interest. This means that every action that we are going to take will always end up for the
benefit of ourselves only.
For instance, our parents sacrifice a lot of things to raised us. I asked my parents “why would you strive
for your children?” they responded, “its for your own good to ensure your bright future and of course
someday you would return the investment and somehow youll take care of us, your parents when we
grow old too.” this scenario made me think that a psychological egoist would claim that when people
does works for others, they are actually doing it for themselves, either to make themselves feel good or
they are after some recognition or return to get from doing good.

Even though people may act altruistically, they are actually doing it for their own self-interest.
Whatever their motives be, all of it are only for self-benefits.

Ethical Egoism

Is a moral position which claims that it is always right to do what would benefit you the most.

A theory based on self—interest . It is morally good to do whatever will give the best outcome for you.
Ethical egoism differs from Psychological egoism in a way that ethical egoism is a normative theory that
describes how people should behave and the things to do , while the latter describes how people
actually behave. . But we should be careful not to confuse with the idea of self-interest and selfishness.
Self-interest, which is the foundation of this theory, is an action or option resulting the decision-maker
receiving the net benefits,. While selfishness, is the lack of concern for others and does not care to
other’s feelings and fairness.

For example, looking back on my high school years, during art classes I used to own a set of coloring and
painting materials , unfortunately my classmate could not provide the materials so she asked me to
share with mine. If I was acting selfish , I wouldn’t care about her feelings and letting her fail but
because of my self-interest knowing I wasn’t that good with art and my classmate is actually really
talented, I agreed to share my materials because I was thinking she could help me with my project in
return. My self- interest results other good benefits like valuing our friendship. It interesting to know
that we all are egoist in some ways.

Cultural relativism

Refers to not judging a culture to our own standards of what is right or wrong, instead we should try to
understand cultural practices of other groups on its own cultural context. Different cultures varies on
ethical standards or codes, so we cannot say that our actions based on what we stand to believe is the
right action compared to others.
In our municipality there’s one barangay, called Canguhob living there are indigenous people. We often
see them in the market or public place wearing a tiny clothing wrap around their waist almost showing
nakedness. Others may see it as not decent and question their way of clothing , living and practices but
for them it is normal and ethical because it is the culture they stand to believe. The truth about
relativism is relative, it couldn’t be actually be true.