USN 1 P E

PESIT Bangalore South Campus

Hosur road, 1km before Electronic City, Bengaluru -100
Department of Mechanical engineering

INTERNAL ASSESSMENT TEST – 1 SOLUTION

Date : 18-08-2016 Max Marks: 50
Subject :Non-conventional Energy Sources
Code :10ME754 Section: A, B&C
Name of faculty : Syed Sharin / Yogendra kumar T H Time : 90 min

Note: Answer any five full Questions selecting atleast TWO questions from each part.

PART - A

1) Discuss with recent statistics India’s production and Reserves of Commercial Energy sources. (10)
Ans)Energy sources can be divided into 3 types
1.Primary energy sources – Net supply of energy (Ex. Coal, natural gas, oil, nuclear)
2.Secondary energy- Partial net energy( Solar, wind, water, geothermal and ocean etc)
3.Supplementary Energy sources- Net energy yield is Zero.
Energy consumption as a measure of prosperity
-Energy is important in all sectors.
-Standard of living per capita energy consumption
-Energy crisis is due to the two reasons , Population and standard of living.
-Per capita energy consumption is a measure of the per capita income or the per capita energy consumption
is a measure of the prosperity of nation.
Country Electricity Consumption per capita in (Kwhr)
Worlds average 2970
China 2480
Germany 7530
USA 14600
Canada 19100
India 630
Commercial or Conventional Energy sources
Coal-32.5% ; Oil-38.3% ; Gas-19.0% ; Uranium-0.13% ; hydro-2.0% ; Wood-6.6% ; Dung-1.2% ;Waste-0.3%

2) a.Briefly discuss the need for Non-conventional / Renewable energy sources. (05)
Ans)1.The demand of energy is increasing due to rapid industrialization and population growth and hence the
conventional resources are not sufficient to meet growing demand.
2.The conventional resources are limited and will be exhausted one day so to sustain energy supply for
generation non conventional resources are required.
3.Conventional sources fossil fuels cause pollution and their usage degrades the environment so by using
renewable sources there are no environmental issues such as acid rain , green house effect, toxic life hazards.
4.Harnessing renewable sources rural energy crisis can be managed.
5.Renewable sources are available free of cost and takes less construction time compared to conventional
plants.
6.It is politically economically and environmentally secure.
 b. Write short notes on oil shales and Tarsands. (05)
Ans)Tarsands or Oil shales is an expression used to describe porous sand stone deposits impregnated with
heavy viscous oils called bitumen. The sands obtained from surface mining are first passed through
conditioning drum where water, steam and caustic soda are added and a slurry is formed the slurry passes
into a separation tank where the coarse sand settles at the bottom and a froth of bitumen , water and fine
mineral matter forms on the top . the froth is dilute d with naptha and subjected to centrifugal action . as a
result fine mineral matter and water is removed and recycled and the bitumen obtained is subjected to
hydro processing and desulphurization to produce synthetic crude oil.

3) a. What are the conventional and non-conventional energy sources. (05)

Ans)Conventional sources are finite and do not get replenished after their consumption quickly and get
exhausted . eg fossil fuels , uranium etc
Non-conventional energy sources are derived from nature and used directly without passing through a
commercial outlet eg, wood , animal dung cake, crop residue etc.
b. List the advantages and limitations of renewable energy sources. (05)
Ans)Advantages.1.They produce no or very little pollution . thus they are environmentally friendly .
2.They are inexhaustible.
3.Do not deplete natural resources/
4.Have low gestation period and takes less construction time then compared to non renewable energy
plants.
5.Can sustain energy supply for many generations
6.Some renewable energy plants can be built close to the requirement site and minimize the transmission
costs.
7.Manage rural energy crisis.
Disadvantages.1.continous supply of energy cannot be provided because of intermittent nature of availability
of energy sources such as solar , wind , tidal etc
2.Available in dilute form in nature, although available in large quantities they are concentrated only in
certain regions.
3.Though available freely in nature, cost of harnessing energy is very high
4.High initial cost since advance technologies is required such as solar cells, automatic tracking systems for
solar concentrators etc.
5.Difficulty in transporting such resources.
6.to harness energy from renewable sources depends on various natural phenomenon beyond human
control such as local atmospheric conditions , time of the day etc

4) Explain the working principle of Pyranometer with sketch. List the instruments used to (10)
measure solar energy.
Ans)Pyranometer for measuring global radiation, sunshine recorder, Shading ring arrangement for the
measurement of diffuse radiation.
 PART - B

5) Define the following terms: (10)

(i) Altitude angle (ii) Hour angle (iii) Declination angle (iv) Zenith angle (v) Surface Azimuth angle
Ans)I)Altitude angle : It is the angle between the sun rays and its projection on a horizontal surface is known
as inclination angle. It is denoted by alpha.
ii)Hour angle: The hour angle at any moments is the angle through which the earth must turn to bring the
meridian of the observer directly in line with sun rays. The hour angle is equivalent to 15 degree per hour.
iii)Declination angle: It is the angular displacement of the sun from the plan of the earths equator. It is
positive when measured above equatorial plan in the northern hemisphere.
iv)Zenith angle: It is the angle between the sun rays and the perpendicular (normal) to the horizontal plane.
v)Surface Azimuth angle: It is the angle in the horizontal plane, between the line due south and the
horizontal projection of the normal to the inclined plane surface. It is taken as positive when measured from
south towards west.
6) Calculate the angle made by beam radiation with the normal to a flat collector on December 1st
at 9 AM solar time for location at 28˚ 35’ N. The collector is tilted at an angle of latitude plus 10˚,
with the horizontal and is pointing due south. (10)

7) a. What is standard time or clock time? Find the solar time at 9hrs IST in Hyderabad (05)
(ϕ=17.5˚ N , L=78.5˚E) on FEB 19, given that EOT= -13 minutes.
 b. Write notes on Beam radiation and Diffuse radiation (05)
Ans)The radiation which is received by earth surface without being getting absorbed and scattered in
atmosphere is called as Beam Radiation. The ration of beam radiation flux falling on a tilted surface to that
falling on a horizontal surface is called the tilt factor for the beam radiation.
The radiation received on the earth surface after getting absorbed and scattered in atmosphere is called as
diffused radiation. The tilt factor for diffuse radiation is the ration of the diffuse radiation flux falling on the
tilted surface to that falling on a horizontal surface

8) Explain with neat sketch about the description and the working principle of Liquid flat plate collector. (10)

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B.E/ 7 th sem (PESIT-BSC Internal)