PAINTINGS

Lascaux cave paintings, Paleolithic era

https://www.ancient.eu/uploads/images/8664.jpg?v=1569519390

CHARACTERISTICS
Rock carvings, pictorial imagery, sculptures, and stone arrangements

ANCIENT EGYPT

https://www.livescience.com/54708-nefertiti-missing-no-chambers-in-king-tut-tomb.html
CHARACTERISTICS

GREEK
AMPHORA

https://www.zmescience.com/science/archaeology/greek-amphora-archaeology-18102011/

http://odysseus.culture.gr/h/4/eh431.jsp?obj_id=4585&mm_id=2179
http://www.paestum.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Diver-174.jpg

ROMAN

A room from the Villa of the Farnesina, Rome, early 1st century BCE. Probably used as a
bedroom. The fresco surrounds the whole room and uses trompe-l'oeil effects to create
perspective.

https://www.ancient.eu/uploads/images/1240.jpg?v=1485680431
“Battle of Alexander and Darius at Issus,” detail of the Roman mosaic done in the opus
vermiculatum technique, from the Casa del Fauno, Pompeii, late 2nd century BC.

https://www.ancient.eu/article/498/roman-mosaics/

BYZANTINE

The Virgin and Child mosaic, 9th century CE, Hagia Sophia, Istanbul, Turkey.

https://www.ancient.eu/uploads/images/7973.jpg?v=1569518597

ROMANESQUE
https://arsartisticadventureofmankind.files.wordpress.com/2016/02/79-c3a1bside-de-san-clemente-de-
tahull-donde-se-observa-al-pantocrc3a1tor-rodeado-por-la-mandorla.jpg
GOTHIC
‘Smell’ c1500, from The lady and the unicorn series. wool and silk, 368 x 322 cm Musée de Cluny – Musée national du
Moyen Âge, Paris 

https://theconversation.com/explainer-the-symbolism-of-the-lady-and-the-unicorn-tapestry-cycle-
91325

SCULPTURE
PREHISTORIC

Venus of Berekhat Ram, dated from

230,000 to 500,000 BCE.
The earliest art outside India.

https://www.donsmaps.com/images33/berekhat.jpg
 8
ANCIENT EGYPT

Statue of Nykara and his Family late V Dynasty, 2455-2350 B.C.E.

https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/exhibitions/ancient_egyptian_art

GREEK
Alexandros of Antioch – Venus de Milo, between 130 and 100 BC. Marble, 203 cm (80 in). Louvre
Museum, Paris, France

https://www.widewalls.ch/venus-de-milo/

ROMAN

Augustus of Primaporta, perhaps a copy of a bronze statue of ca. 20 B.C., Early 1st century
Marble, originally colored
79 9/10 in
203 cm
https://www.artsy.net/artwork/roman-rome-italy-augustus-of-primaporta-perhaps-a-copy-of-a-bronze-
statue-of-ca-20-bc
BYZANTINE

BYZANTINE EMPEROR. Panel from the Barberini ivory diptych, first half of 6th
century, showing the triumphal entry of an Emperor of the Byzantine Empire,
probably Justinian I (483-565). The scene below shows barbarians bearing tribute;
above, two winged victories.

https://www.louvre.fr/en/oeuvre-notices/leaf-diptych-emperor-triumphant

ROMANESQUE

The tympanum of the central portal of the Abbey of Sainte-Marie-Madeleine de Vézelay, in northern Burgundy,
France. Ca. 1130.

https://arsartisticadventureofmankind.wordpress.com/tag/french-romanesque-sculpture/
Chief Formal Characteristics of Romanesque Sculpture
http://www.usask.ca/art/a120/rom_scul.htm
1.    Subject matter overwhelmingly religious, although secular themes turn up in surprising
places
2.    Large in size (as opposed to the miniature reliefs and statuettes in ivory and metal of the
Carolingian and Ottonian periods).
3.    The main form of the block is usually left; the block frequently is part of a building: an art of
decorating architectural elements
4.    Emphasis upon volumes which do not leave the stone black; little space either real or
implied
5.    Relief carving is overwhelmingly preferred to carving in the round
6.    Compartmentalization preferred: figures in frames, often round-arched
7.    Depending upon the framed compartment allotted to them, human figures may be elongated
or squat and dumpy
8.    Proportional relationships of one figure to another are arbitrary: the largest = most important
9.    Drapery is usually schematized into an abstract pattern of lines, e.g., the so-called "rope
fold" is popular
10.  Romanesque style is a mixture of:
        a)    Roman Classical   (solidity)
        b)    Byzantine             (severity, solemn frontality)
        c)    Barbaric               (wild animal subject matter; interlace)
        d)    Persian                 (lions, leopards, zoomorphic combinations)

GOTHIC

This thirteenth-century sculpture The Death of the Virgin, at the Strasbourg Cathedral in France
illustrates Christ accepting the Virgin Mary's soul into heaven. The most popular images in
medieval art of Mary's death are the deathbed scene and the coronation in heaven.

http://www.deathreference.com/Sy-Vi/Virgin-Mary-the.html

ARCHITECTURE
PREHISTORIC

Stonehenge, 3000 BC

https://tallbloke.files.wordpress.com/2015/01/stonehenge.png

ANCIENT EGYPT

The Great Pyramid of Giza 2575-2465 BC

https://www.historyextra.com/period/ancient-egypt/facts-great-pyramid-giza-how-built-when/
GREEK

The Temple of Olympian Zeus, Athens. Completed 131 CE.

https://www.ancient.eu/uploads/images/4005.jpg?v=1485681433
DORIC ORDER

https://www.quora.com/What-are-Doric-columns-in-Ancient-Greece

IONIC ORDER

https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ancient-art-civilizations/greek-art/beginners-guide-
greece/a/greek-architectural-orders

CORINTHIAN ORDER
https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ancient-art-civilizations/greek-art/beginners-guide-
greece/a/greek-architectural-orders

ROMAN

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Colosseum

BYZANTINE

Hagia Sophia Istanbul, 53 BC

https://www.planetware.com/istanbul/hagia-sophia-ayasofya-tr-is-iohs.htm

ROMANESQUE
groin vault in the crypt of the cathedral of Bayeux, 11th century, France,

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/Bayeux_cathedrale_Notre-Dame_crypte.jpg

GOTHIC

Chartres Cathedral
Chartres Cathedral, France.

https://www.viator.com/en-ZA/tours/Paris/D-Day-in-Normandy-Tour-13-hours-with-a-roundtrip-
transfer-from-Paris/d479-7817P78