Baba, Mercelita S.

BSA 2C

BASKETBALL

HISTORY

• Basketball was invented in 1891 at Springfield College, Springfield Massachusetts, by Canadian born
Dr. James Naismith.

• The game was invented in an effort to find a sport that could be played indoors during the long cold
winter months.

• in its initial stages the game was played with a soccer ball and peach baskets that were fastened 10
feet above the ground.

• Several years later the baskets were constructed to allow the ball to fall to the floor.

Basketball was invented in 1891 by Dr James Naismith, a Canadian of Scottish descent at Springfield
College Massachusetts. The college was the International YMCA Training School and the game was
invented to provide an indoor activity for trainee YMCA leaders. When the game was first played, peach
baskets were nailed up at each end of the gymnasium as “goals”, hence the origin of the name
“basketball”.

The first set of rules was published and distributed through the YMCA movement in 1892 and this
resulted in the game spreading rapidly throughout Canada and the USA. 1892 also saw the game played
in England for the first time at Birkenhead YMCA after the Club President was the game played whilst on
a business trip to Canada. In 1893 the game was introduced into the Physical Training College in
Hampstead (now Dartford College of PE) by Madame Berman Osterberg. Changes to the game to suit
the girls led to the first rules of netball being published in 1901.

By 1898 a professional league was established in the USA and by 1911 basketball had spread throughout
the UK as a sport. In 1924 it was introduced as a demonstration sport at the Paris Olympic Games and
Great Britain won the title. 1927 saw Abe Saperstein a Londoner from the world famous Harlem
Globetrotters and in 1931 FIBA the International Basketball Federation was formed with a Welshman as
its first secretary.

The England Basketball Association was formed in 1936, 13 years before the NBA was formed in
America, and by 1957 the English Schools Basketball Association was formed. The 1970’s saw the
introduction of both men’s and women’s national leagues in the UK, and by 1999, 219 teams were
entered in the over 16 national leagues with almost 100 competing at under 15 levels. By 1990 there
were 117 member countries in FIBA making basketball the second largest of all the world’s governing
bodies and also the world’s fastest growing and largest participation sport.

Today basketball has grown to become one of the world's most popular sports.

RULES OF THE GAME

• The game of basketball is played by 2 teams of 5 players on a court.

• The object of each team is to score by putting a ball into the opponent's basket and to prevent the
other team from scoring in yours.

• The ball can be advanced only by passing with the hands or by dribbling the ball on the floor.

• The Game: To start the game, an official tosses the ball up (Jump Ball) between two opponents who
stand in the smaller circle.

• All other players may take any position they wish, outside the larger center circle.

• The two opposition players jump to tap the ball to a teammate, then each team tries to advance the
ball toward the opponent’s goal to score by shooting it through their goal.

• A high school game consists of four 8 minute quarters.

 Scoring: A successful goal from the field is worth 2 points. 1 point is awarded for a successful
free throw. 3 points are awarded from the 3-point line. After a score, the ball is put back into
play at the end of the court by the non scoring team.
• Violations: A violation is a minor infraction of the rules, and the penalty is that the ball is given
to the opponents outside the sideline, opposite the spot where the infraction occurred.
Violations occur for:
 Traveling – taking more than one step while in possession of the ball.
 Doubling Dribbling – dribbling the ball, stopping, then dribbling again; or dribbling with two
hands instead of one.
 Out-of-Bounds – causing the ball to go out-of-bounds by stepping on or over the boundary line
while in possession, or passing or knocking the ball out.
 3 Seconds in the Key – offensive player staying in the offensive key for 3 seconds or more while
that team has possession of the ball.
• Fouls
 A personal foul occurs when a player holds, trips, blocks, pushes, kicks, or charges an opponent;
or engages in rough or unsportsmanlike play.
 If a foul occurs while a player is shooting or in his steps toward the basket for a lay-up, the
shooter is awarded a free throw situation. If the shot was successful, the shooter is awarded one
foul shot. If the field goal was missed, two foul shots are awarded. If the second free throw is
successful, the defending team throws the ball into play from outside the endline. If the free
 throw touches the rim but does not go in, play continues. If the ball fails to touch the rim, the
ball is given to the defending team on the sideline.
 5 personal fouls on any one player results in disqualification from the game.
 7 team fouls and the opponents shoot 1 plus a bonus
 10 team fouls and opponents shoot double bonus.

DURATION OF THE GAME

• The playing time is divided into 8 minute quarters for grades 8,9 & 10 and 10 minute quarters for
seniors.

• There is a five minute break at half-time and a one minute break between each quarter.

THREE SECOND RULE

• Offensive players may not remain in their “key” area for more than 3 seconds without someone taking
a shot.

FIVE, TEN, and 30 SECOND VIOLATIONS

• The offensive team is allowed only five seconds to throw the ball in from the sideline and any one
offensive player is allowed only five seconds to hold on to the ball at a time.

• The offensive team is allowed only 10 seconds to advance the ball over the center line.

• The offensive team must attempt a shot within thirty seconds of gaining possession of the ball.

TECHNICAL FOULS

• A foul that is committed by either a coach of any team member on the court or off the court. An
example of a technical foul is the harassing of one of the officials or any other unsportsmanlike conduct.

• A technical foul results in one FREE THROW taken from the foul line by any member of the team not
committing the foul

• ONCE A PLAYER ACCUMULATS 5 PERSONAL FOULD THEY ARE ELIMINATED FROM THE GAME.

FREE THROWS

• When a player is fouled in the act of shooting they are awarded free throw shots. If they sink the
basket and are fouled they receive 1 extra shot. If they miss the basket during their shot then they
receive 2 extra shots. If they are fouled during a 3 point shot then they receive 3 extra shots.

• Players have 10 seconds to release the ball once they receive it from the official.

• Players can not enter the box until the ball has made contact with the rim.

POSITIONS
• Although players are allowed to play in any position, the most common positions of the five players on
a team are:

• point guard (best ball handler),

• shooting guard (best outside shooter),

• small forward (versatile inside and outside player),

• power forward (strong rebounding forward), and

• center (inside scorer, rebounder, and shot blocker).