General Biology Biotechnology Study Guide

VOCAB: Study the following vocab. Place a next to each word when you can define it from memory.
____ Gene ____ Vector
____ Biotechnology ____ GMO (genetically modified organism)
____ Transgenic Organism ____ Gene therapy
____ DNA Ligase ____ DNA fingerprint
____ Restriction Enzyme ____ The Human Genome
____ Recombinant DNA ____ Sticky Ends
____ Plasmid ____ Genetic Engineering
____ Gel Electrophoresis ____ Palindrome

REVIEW QUESTIONS:
1. What is a vector and what are a few examples?
Something used to transfer DNA from one organism into another.
Ex’s- Virus, Bacterial Plasmid, Gene Gun, Microinjection

2. How are the following terms related:

Transgenic Organism
-the ORGANISM that has Recombinant DNA in it.
Recombinant DNA
- The piece of DNA that has nucleotides from more than one organism
Biotechnology
- the process/science of making recombinant DNA and Transgenic Organisms

3. What is a plasmid? How are they useful in biotechnology?

- a circular piece of DNA found naturally in bacteria
- used as a vector

4. What is genetic fingerprinting/gel electrophoresis used for?

-Paternity Test, Forensics (solving crimes), Diagnosing genetic disease

5. What is the role of restriction enzymes in gel electrophoresis?

- Cut the DNA into fragments that we can separate based on size
6. What is the role of restriction enzymes in making recombinant DNA?
-To cut out the gene of interest and cut an opening in the bacterial plasmid so the gene can be
inserted

7. What enzyme is used to attach sticky ends of DNA? DNA Ligase

8. Which of the following DNA sequences would most likely be a restriction enzyme site? Why?
a. CTCTC b. CCGGCC c. GAATTC d. CTGCAG
GAGAG GGCCGG CTTAAG GACGTC

C and D because they read opposite their complementary strand

9. Who’s the daddy of this child? (call the 1st lane “alleged father 1” & the 2nd lane “alleged father 2”)

How do you know?

Alleged father one because he has the same markers as the child

Use the gel to the right to answer the questions.

10. At which of these lettered bands would you find the longest
piece of DNA? How do you know?
A- It didn’t travel very far because
it is too big to move easily through the gel (technically the first band in
lane three is the LONGEST of all, but it doesn’t have a letter)

11. At which of these lettered bands are there many fragments

of that size? How do you know?
A and D because the lines are thicker meaning there is more than one
fragment at that position.
12. Jake and Emma's four children were grown and had families of
their own. Jake was murdered, and the police suspected his oldest child
(#1) as the culprit, who had unexplained scratches on his arms and face.
DNA was extracted from under the victim's fingernails, and that was
compared with those of the other members of the family.

Be a real Sherlock Holmes: was the culprit really the oldest child?

NO he is not the killer, #2 is!