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Summary 2G vs. 3G PDF
Summary 2G vs. 3G PDF
OSS
DESIGN
AIR
INTERFACE
Home Location Register (HLR)
The HLR is a centralized network database that stores and manages all mobile subscriptions belonging to a specific operator. It acts as a
permanent store for a person’s subscription information until that subscription is canceled. The information stored includes:
•Subscriber identity
•Subscriber supplementary services
•Subscriber location information
•Subscriber authentication information
The VLR database contains information about all the mobile subscribers currently located in an MSC service area. Thus, there is one VLR for
each MSC in a network. The VLR temporarily stores subscription information so that the MSC can service all the subscribers currently visiting
that MSC service area. The VLR can be regarded as a distributed HLR as it holds a copy of the HLR information stored about the subscriber.
When a subscriber roams into a new MSC service area, the VLR connected to that MSC requests information about the subscriber from the
subscriber’s HLR. The HLR sends a copy of the information to the VLR and updates its own location information. When the subscriber makes a
call, the VLR will already have the information required for call set-up.
The main function of the AUC is to authenticate the subscribers attempting to use a network. In this way, it is used to protect network operators
against fraud. The AUC is a database connected to the HLR which provides it with the authentication parameters and ciphering keys used to
ensure network security.
The Base Station System (BSS) is responsable for all the radiorelated
functions in the system
Solution Problems
Interleaving
antenna diversity
space diversity
polarization diversity
adaptative equalization
frequency hopping
timing advance
use 63 bittimes (35 Km), with extended
range (70 Km) or (121 Km) using 2 TS
CHANNELS
Logical Channel
Rate (Kbps)
Full rate and EFR Full rate 13
Traffic Channel Half rate 6.5
Half Rate
Enhanced full rate
13(EFR)
Normal
Frequency correction
Burst types Synchronization
Access
Dummy
• Signal strength
• Signal quality
• Time alignment
C/A is greater than -9 dB (ericsson recommend that higher that 3 dBm) F2 = F1 + 200KHz
Combining and distribution unit (CDU) The CDU is the interface between the TRUs an
the 2-way antenna system. The task of the
CDU is to combine signals to be transmitted
from various transceivers and to distribute
received signals to the receivers.
CONCEPTS
Frequency hopping
Frequency hopping
OSS
OSS Tools
1. VALID AREA
It represents the present cellular network that is to say, provides information of the
parameters of the cells that its in the network. Only there is a VALID AREA that
corresponds to each cellular Network and is used to recover information of Values of the
parameters and as a data base for the new creation of Planned Area.
2. PLANNED AREA
It represents changes planned in the Cellular Network. This area Is used to out of line
realise several changes in the network.
3. FALLBACK AREA
It is one snapshot copie of the Valid Area in a specific time and it reflects an historical
one of the network, can be used like back-up before some update in the network. A new
Planned can be created Area to start off a Fallback Area.
PMR
• MTR – mobile traffic recording
– For one or more associate MSC's as well as its BSCs
– Up to 64 IMSI’s (to level MSC)
– Independent measurements by each IMSI
– Maximum duration of 1 week
• MRR
• NCS/NOX Neighbor Optimization
• FAS/FOX Frequency Optimization
Funciones de la BSC
•MRR (Measurement Result Recording)
•mrrfil
•BAR (Broad Cast Control Channel Allocation List
Recording)
•barfil
•RIR (Radio Interference Recording)
•rirfil
WCDMA
Red WCDMA
INTERFASE
DE
AIRE
OPTIMIZACIÓN
DISEÑO
GGSN
Gn
GSM SGSN
WCDMA
Gb SERVER
MSC
Iu PS
MGw
Iu CS
A
A-ter Iur
BSC BSC/TRC RNC RNC
A-bis Iub
Um UE Uu
BTS Node B
Interfaces
Iu interface = The Iu interface connects the UTRAN to the CN and is split in two
parts. The Iucs is the interface between the RNC and the circuit switched domain
of the CN. The Iups interface is the interface between the RNC and the packet
switched domain of the CN.
Iub interface = The Iub interface connects the Node B and the RNC.
Iur interface = This RNC-RNC interface was initially designed in order to provide
inter RNC soft handover, but more features were added during the development.
BASIC CONCEPTS
Radio Access Bearer = Service offered by a network WCDMA
RAB Configuration (Kbps)
Conversación Voz 12.2
64 CS
Streaming 64/64 PS
64/128 PS
64/384 PS
64 HSDPA, 5 CODES PS
Interactivo 57.6 CS
16/64 PS + INTERACTIVE, 8/8 PS
16/128 PS + INTERACTIVE, 8/8 PS
Background 64/64 PS
64/128 PS
64/384 PS
Spreading Factor = it is the process of widening of the signal, with which the bandwidth is
increased bases beyond the bandwidth required by a signal, for himself to
accommodate the information and to pass on to majors speeds
Channel Element = one talks about to the resources required in node B (Hw) to provide
capacity for the services asked for by the users such as voice, data, streaming
etc…
For the calculation of Chanel Elements used in each node B, the following
accountants take care who indicate the number to us of Links Radio
pmNoOfRadioLinksSf128
pmNoOfRadioLinksSf16
pmNoOfRadioLinksSf256
pmNoOfRadioLinksSf32
pmNoOfRadioLinksSf4
pmNoOfRadioLinksSf64
pmNoOfRadioLinksSf8
Ul Dl
Channel Element in: SF # SF #
AMR 12.2 Kbps 64 1 128 1
CS64K 16 4 32 4
PS64K 16 4 32 4
PS128 8 8 16 4
PS384 4 16 8 16
Input data for the design of a network 3G
1. Equipo preliminar (RAN)
2. Naming Convention (RAN)
3. IP ranges (IP)
4. Netwok topology (Tx)
5. Conectividad (Tx)
6. Traffic Model and services to be offered
7. RF nominal plan
8. RF detailled plan
9. CORE network design: SGSN (PS), MGw (CS), OSS
(O&M)
10. Sincronization
Link Budget = Link Budget intends to estimate the system coverage by analyzing the
factors of the propagation of the forward signal and reverse signal, in order to obtain
the maximum propagation loss after certain communications quality is ensured.
KPI´s
Accessibility = Capacity of the user to obtain a RAB
Soft Handover = Several Radio Links active at the same time of different Nodes B. (the EU
changes of different Node B and in the same frequency).
Softer Handover = Special case of Soft handover where the radio links is added or removed on
the same Node B.
Hard Handover = This type of handover works under the concept of which all the Radio Links
assets (old) in the User Equipment are removed before establishing new Radio Link.
Hard Handover can be synchronous or non synchronous. The synchronization in
handover means that handover is not perceivable by user. Actually handover that he
requires a change of frequency (Inter frequency to handover) always is classified like
a Hard Handover.
IRAT Handover = This type of handover is considered like Hard Handover because it realises
between two technologies and it can be realised in both ways 2G-3G and 3G-2G
Blocking Rate = Congestion in the cell.
SIR (signal to interference ratio) Signal Stregth in UL (RSCP) between the signal
and mobile and the perceived interference
(ISCP)
RSCP Received Signal Code Power, is the power of
the signal by code
Dedicated Measurements SIR error Difference between the intensity of signal
measured by the RNC servant and the intensity
UTRA received signal strength indicator (RSSI) It is the intensity of received signal that it
perceives the EU
Channels
Downlink
The AMR speech codec produces a certain number of bits depending on the mode used. The speech
encoder output are put in order according to their subjective importance. This bit ordering can be utilized
for error protection purposes.
Class A contains the bits most sensitive to errors and any error in
these bits would result in a corrupted speech frame which needs
error correction for proper decoding. It may be the only class
protected by a CRC.
Class B Classes B and C contain bits where increasing error
rates gradually reduce the speech quality, but the decoding of an
erroneous frame can be done without significantly degrading the
quality. Class B bits are more sensitive to errors than Class C bits.
Class C
UE Modes and states
•Idle Mode
Action
Monitors an FACH.
Monitors the BCH channel of the
current serving cell
Cell_FACH = No dedicated transport
channel is allocated to the UE., the Transmits uplink control signaling and
small data packets on the RACH.
UE continuously monitors a downlink
FACH channel. Initiates a cell update procedure when
the cell becomes another UTRA cell.
•Monitors the paging time slot based on
the DRX period and receives the paging
Cell_PCH = No dedicated channel is allocated messages transmitted on the PCH.
to the UE, the DRX technology is •Monitors the BCH channel of the
adopted for the UE to monitor the current serving cell
information transmitted on the PCH
channel at a specific paging time •Initiates the cell update procedure when
slot. the cell changes.
Monitored Set = Including all cells being continuously monitored by the UE and
which are not current included in its active set
Detected Set = Including the cells the UE has detected but are neither in the active set
nor in the monitored set
Process
•Measurement Control
•Measurement execution and the result processing
Measurement
•The measurement report
•Mainly accomplished by UE
Intra-frequency events:1A,1B,1C,1D,1F
Inter-frequency events :2D,2F,2B,2C
Execution Events of reporting
Inter-system events :3A,3C
Others:6G,6F
Intra-frequency events
1A A primary pilot channel enters the reporting range. When the active set of UE is full, UE stops reporting 1A
event.
1B A primary pilot channel leavels the reporting range.
1C The primary pilot channel in a non active set is better than the primary pilot channel in an active set
1D The best cell change
1E The measurement value of a primary pilot channel exceeds the absolute threshold
1F The measurement value of a primary pilot channel is lower than the absolute threshold
Inter-frequency events
2B The estimated quality value of the used frequency is lower than a certain threshold, and that of
the non-used frequency is higher than a certain threshold
2C The estimated quality value of the non-used frequency is higher than a certain threshold
2D The estimated quality value of the used frequency is lower than a certain threshold
2F The estimated quality value of the used frequency is higher than a certain threshold
Inter-system events
3A The estimated quality value of the used UTRAN frequency is lower than a certain threshold,
and that of the other system is higher than a certain threshold
3C The estimated quality value of the other system is higher than a certain threshold
Others
6G The time difference between downlink receiving and uplink transmission of the UE is shorter
than an absolute threshold
6F The time difference between downlink receiving and uplink transmission of the UE is bigger
than an absolute threshold
Downlink compressed = Since one receiver only
can work in one frequency, the UE has to stop
working if it is going to measure the signal from
another frequency cell. To ensure the dowlink
service unaffected, the remained data should be
sent in the limited time.
1. Checking warning
2. Checking the state of cell
3. Checking the parameters of radio access network
4. Checking the configuration: SC, Power
configuration, neighbor cell table, handovers
parameters
RF Optimization = Once all the sites in a given area are integrated and verified, RF optimization could
begin
Vs
WCDMA
Technology GSM GSM WCDMA
Frequency 800 MHz 1900 MHz 800 MHz
Frequencies Uplink 890-915 MHz 1850-1910 MHz
Frequencies Downlink 935-960 MHz 1930-1990 MHz
Wavelength 33 cm 16 cm
Bandwidth 25 MHz 60 MHz 5 MHz
Duplex Distance 45 MHZ 80 MHz N/A
Carrier Separation 200 KHz 200 KHz N/A
Radio Channels 125 300
Transmission Rate 270 Kbps 270 Kbps
Band (Telcel) B D,F B
Modulation GSMK GSMK QPSK
Access Method TDMA TDMA WCDMA
Data transmission 64 Kbps 64 Kbps
Release BSC R06B R06B N/A
Release RNC N/A N/A R99 y R5
Nodes MSC (MGw), BSC BTS MSC (MGw), BSC BTS Server (MGw), RNC Node B
Voice data transportes TDM/ATM TDM/ATM TDM/ATM/IP
different time slots are allocated to different time slots are allocated to different users are assigned unique
code and transmitted over the same
Traffic Channels different users different users frequency band
Data GPRS/EDGE GPRS/EDGE HSDPA, HSUPA
STANDAR GSM GSM 3GPP
Time Slot 0.577 ms 0.577 ms N/A
DATA COMPARISON