VOICE - 2020

S¨ tKmXºp C¥y Cd°paXn sNbvXncp∂p

kotdm _P‰v F¶nepw AXv aq∂n¬ H∂v P\Xbv°p am{Xta
XnI™ncp∂p≈p. tIcfØns‚ sXcphpIfn¬

{]IrXn Irjn A∂v apgßnb ap{ZmhmIyamWv ""AcnsbhnsS

XpWnsbhnsS ]dbq ]dbq k¿°mtc''
aq∂pt\cw `£Ww Xs∂ km[yamImØ,
{]mh¿ØnItam? {]XnZn\ {]Xnio¿j `£y [m\yßfpsS e`yX
hfsc Ipdhmbncp∂ Hcp P\Xbmbncp∂p
C¥ybptSXv. C¥ybnse `£y[m\y
Hcp AhtemI\w Cd°paXnbpsS Afhv {Iam\pKXambn
Db¿∂psIm≠ncp∂p. 1946¬ 1.5 sa{SnIv S¨
● tUm. A]¿Æ cm[m-Ir-jvW≥ apX¬, 1950¬ 4 .8 sa{SnIv S¨
tUm. Cμp-teJ hn.-]n.
(A`n-{]m-b-߃ XnI®pw hy‡n-]cw) Ihn™p, 1966¬ 10.4 sa{SnIv S¨ Cd°paXnbn¬
C¥y FØn. PetkN\ kuIcyw
sa®s∏SpØemWv k¿°m¿ BZyambn sNbvXXv.
I ¿jIcpsS Dev]mZ\s®ehv Ipd®p, hcpam\w
Cc´nbm°p∂Xn\p kotdm _P‰v {]IrXn Irjn
F∂m¬ CsXms° Xs∂ Db¿∂psIm≠ncp∂
P\kwJysb `£ykpc£bn¬ FØn®n√.
k¿°m¿ t{]m’mln∏n°psa∂p tI{μ [\a{¥n Aßs\ 1965˛66 ImeL´Øn¬, `t£ymXv∏mZ\w
{ioaXn \n¿ae koXmcma≥ _P‰v 10 sa{SnIv S¨ hsc th≠Xn¬ \n∂v
AhXcn∏n®t∏mƒ {]Jym]n°pIbp≠mbn. Ipd™t∏mƒ A∂sØ {][m\a{¥n {in emev
I¿jIcpsS hcpam\w Cc´nbmIm\mbn CXmtWm _lmZq¿ imkv{Xn P\ßtfmSv HcmgvNbnse Hcp
icnbmb hgn F∂v Nn¥nt°≠nbncn°p∂p. Cu t\csØ `£Wsa¶nepw Dt]£n°m\mbn
Bibhpambn _‘s∏´ AhtemI\amWo Blzm\w sNbvXp.
teJ\w C¥ybnse Irjn GItZiw 11000 lcnX hnπhw
h¿j߃ ]g°ap≈XmWv. £maw Dƒs∏sS
\nch[n {]iv\߃°v km£yw hln® \ΩpsS Im¿jnI Dev]mZ\Øn¬ ]cnh¿Ø\]camb
Irjn, ap≥Imeßfn¬ {][m\ambpw am‰w Im¿jnI kmt¶XnI hnZybneqsS
{]IrXnZØ/ Hm¿Km\nIv coXnbmWv km[yam°nb ImeL´amWv ]n∂oSp≈Xv, lcnX
Ahew_n®Xv. 1960 Ifn¬ 6 apX¬ 10 aney¨ hnπhØnt‚ ImeL´w. s{]m^k¿ t\m¿a≥

T E A C H E R S ’ O R G A N I S A T I O N O F K E R A L A A G R I C U L T U R E U N I V E R S I T Y 25
 VOICE - 2020
s_m¿temMvKns‚ ]co£W imeIfn¬\n∂p {][m\ ImcW߃ F¶nepw B[p\nI
cmkhf߃°p t\sc Db¿∂ tXmXn¬ IrjncoXnIfmWv CXn\p ImcWw F∂
{]XnIcn°p∂ AXypXv∏mZ\ tijnbp≈ Bt£]w XnI®pw A]e]\obamWv. h¿≤n®p
Ip≈≥tKmXºp C\߃ D]tbmKn®p≈ hcp∂ P\kwJybpsS `£ykpc£bvImbn
]co£W߃ C¥y XpSßn. AXypXv∏mZ\ C¥ybpsS `t£ymXv∏mZ\w 2050 HmsS 60
tijnbp≈ hnØn\߃, cmkhfw, PetkN\ iXam\w h¿[n∏nt°≠Xps≠∂p IW°pIƒ
kuIcy߃, Im¿jnI b{¥ßƒ F∂nhbmWv kqNn∏n°ptºmgmWv (F^v F H , 2009) Cu
lcnX hnπhw km[yam°nbXv. lcnX {]iv\Øn\v ]cnlmcambn imkv{Xob
hnπhØneqsS C¥ybpsS `t£ymXv∏mZ\w aqey\n¿Wbw sNømsX ]pcmX\ IrjncoXnIƒ
h¿≤n®psImt≠ Ccp∂p. C¥ybpsS tKmXºv I≠pXpSßp∂Xv. {]IrXnIrjn, thZIrjn,
DXv]mZ\w 1965˛66¬ 10.4 sa{SnIv SÆn¬ \n∂pw AKv\ntlm{XnIrjn, AarXv]m\nIrjn,
1968˛69¬ 18.6 sa{SnIv SÆn¬ FØn, 1970˛71¬ 23.8 tlmantbmIrjn, kotdm_P‰v Irjn,
sa{SnIv S¨ Bbn Db¿Øn. AXpt]mse IR-8 BflobIrjn F∂nhsb√mw Xs∂ ^ew
C¥y ]co£n°pIbpw P\{]nbamIpIbpw sXfnbn°mØ Irjn coXnIfmWv. almcm{„,
sNbvXp. Acnbpev]mZ\w 30.4 sa{SnIv SÆn¬ I¿WmSIw, B{‘m{]tZiv kwÿm\ßfnemWv
\n∂pw 1970˛71¬ 42.2 sa{SnIv S¨ Bbn Db¿∂p. ""kotdm _P‰v {]IrXn Irjn'' imkv{Xobambn
1950 apX¬ 70 h¿j߃ FSpØp t\m°nbm¬, sXfnbn°mØ ^e߃ D≠mbn´pw hfscb[nIw
\ΩpsS P\kwJy 3.5 XhW h¿≤n®t∏mƒ, hym]n°p∂Xv. taev]d™ IrjncoXnIfpsS
`£y DXv]mZ\w 5 aSßp h¿≤n®p. C¥y≥ imkv{XobX hnebncpØnbns√¶n¬
P\kwJysb t]m‰m\p≈ `£y [m\yw am{Xa√, cmPyØn≥sd `£ykpc£sb Xs∂ kmcambn
2,35000 tImSn cq]bpsS DXv]∂߃ C¥y a‰p _m[n°pw.
cmPyßfnte°v Ib‰n Ab°m\pw XpSßn.
lcnX hnπh kmt¶XnIhnZy `£y kpc£bn¬
Aßs\ 1970 se lcnX hnπhw B[p\nI
]cnh¿Ø\]camb am‰ßƒ hcpØnsb¶nepw
imkv{X kmt¶XnI hnZy Irjnbn¬ Dƒs∏SpØn
cmPyØn\v ap∂n¬ ]pXnb sh√phnfnIƒ Db¿∂p.
`£y kpc£bn¬ C¥ysb kzbw-]-cym-]vXX
LSI Dev]mZ\ (Factor production) £aXIpdb¬,
ssI hcn°m≥ klmbn®p. ""lcnXhnπhw'' Hcp
cmkhfßfpsS Aimkv{Xobhpw
hnPbambn F∂v {]Jym]n°s∏´p. CXn\p tijw
A\nb{¥nXhpamb {]tbmKw, PeØns‚bpw
`£y[m\yßfpsS Dev]mZ\Øn¬ 5.6 aSßpw,
t]mjIØns‚bpw D]tbmK£aXbnep≈ Ipdhv,
]®°dnIƒ°pw ]g߃°pw 11.3 aSßpw, ap´bv°v
{]IrXn hn`h߃ C√mXm°¬, tcmKIoSßfpsS
100 aSßpw, ]men\v 9.6 aSßpw, a’yØn\v 14.4
h¿≤\hv, Imemhÿ hyXnbm\sØ
aSßpw h¿≤\hp≠mbn. kmt¶XnI hnZybpsS
{]XnIqeambn _m[n°p∂ `£W {Iaw
ASnÿm\Ønep≈ Im¿jnI hf¿®bpsS
Chsbms°bmWv. C¥ybnse 80 iXam\w hcp∂
hy‡amb DZmlcWßfmWnh. Cu
sNdpInS \maam{X I¿jI¿°v sNehv
AZv`pXIcamb hnPbØn\v ImcWw
em`n°m\pw, IqSpX¬ hcpam\w t\Sm\pw,
Kh¨sa‚ns‚ A\pIqeamb Im¿jnI \b߃,
KpW\nehmcap≈ DXv]∂w \n¿Ωn®p
C¥y≥ imkv{X⁄cpsS KthjW ^e߃
aqeyirwJeIfneqsS hn]WnbnseØn°m\pw
F√mØn\pap]cn C¥y≥ I¿jIcpsS
Ch XS w kr„n°pIbmWv.
ITn\m[zm\hpamWv.
F¥mWv kotdm _P‰v {]IrXn Irjn?
\nehnse sh√phnfnIƒ
I¿jIsc klmbn°p∂ Ipd™ C≥]pSv
lcnX hnπhw Im¿jnI Dev]mZ\£aXbn¬
D]tbmKn®p≈ Imemhÿ {]Xntcm[
t\´ap≠m°nbn´pw, imkv{X kmt¶XnI hnZy
IrjncoXnbmWv kotdm _P‰v {]IrXn Irjn. Cu
C{Xtbsd ]ptcmKan®n´pw, Im¿jntIXc
Irjn coXnbn¬ cmkhkvXp°tfm
taJesb At]£n®p I¿jIcpsS hcpam\w
hnIkn∏ns®SpØ hnØpItfm D]tbmKn°m≥
hfsc IpdhmWv. BtKmfh¬°cWhpw
]mSn√, Ah aÆns‚bpw ]cnÿnXnbpsSbpw
DZmchXvIcWhpw sNdpInS I¿jIsc IqSpX¬
BtcmKysØ ]m¿izambn _m[n°pw F∂mWv
{]Xnk‘nbnem°n. Imemhÿ hyXnbm\w,
hmZw. kotdm _P‰v {]IrXn Irjn \mev
ssPhsshhn[y timjWw, ]mcnÿnXnI XI¿®,
XqWpIsf ASnÿm\am°nbn´p≈XmWv.
am¿°‰v LS-I-ß-fnse {]iv\߃ F∂nhbmWv

26 T E A C H E R S ’ O R G A N I S A T I O N O F K E R A L A A G R I C U L T U R E U N I V E R S I T Y
 VOICE - 2020
(1) PohmarXw : \S≥ ]iphns‚ NmWIØn¬ Irjn k{ºZmbw A\pkcn®p t]mjI߃
\n∂pw aq{XØn¬ \n∂pw D≠m°nbXv sImSptØ aXnbmIq. kotdm _P‰v {]IrXn
Irjn coXnbn¬ aÆn¬ A`mhap≈ aqeI߃
(2) _oPmarXw: hnØv kwk-vIcWw
IrXyambn sImSp°m≥ km[n°n√. AXn\m¬
(3) A®Zm\: ]pXbnS¬ DXv]mZ\£aX Ft∏mgpw hfsc Ipdhmbncn°pw
(4) h^k: aÆns‚ hmbpk©mcw/ Cu¿∏w hnfbpXv]mZ\ £aXbpw kpÿncXbpw
kkykwc£WØn\p ]m¬, shÆ, IpcpapfIv ICAR C≥Ãn‰yq´v Hm^v ^m¿anwKv knÃw dntkcvNv,
s]mSn, th∏n\vIpcp, ]®apfIv F∂nhbpsS tamSn]pcw cmPysØ ]eÿeßfn¬ Bcw`n®
an{inXw D]tbmKn°p∂p (]te°¿, 2016 kotdm ]T\߃ kqNn∏n°p∂Xv Im¿jnIhnfhv kotdm
_P‰v {]IrXn Irjnsb∏‰n ]eXcw _P‰v {]IrXn Irjn coXnhgn KWyambn
AhtemIßfpw A`n{]mbßfpw D≠mbn´p≠v Ipd™p F∂mWv. aq∂ph¿jsØ ]co£W
(tam¨Ã¿ 2018, AK¿hmƒ 2019, cmwIpam¿ & ^e߃ FSpØm¬ tKmXºn¬ 59 %,
A¿Pp≥ 2019). ]e ]{X{]h¿ØIcpw Cu _kpaXnbn¬ 32 %, tkmbm_o≥˛tKmXºv,
IrjncoXnsb∏‰n AhtemI\w \SØn. kotdm \ne°Se˛tkm¿Kw, tNmfw˛ Nn°v]o F∂o
_P‰v F∂ hmIv kqNn∏n°p∂Xpt]mse H∂pw Irjnk{ºZmbØns‚ 30 iXam\hpw, ]cpØn˛
tN¿°msX D≈ Irjn-b√ CXv. ]te°dpsS \ne°Se Irjn k{ºZmbØns‚ 17 iXam\hpw
t^m¿aptej\pIfpsS ]e tNcphIfpw hnfhv Ipd™p F∂v kqNn∏n°p∂p. Chsbms°
hmtß≠Xp≠v . CXv IqSmsX Iqen∏Wn°mcpsS `£ykpc£bv°p KpcpXcamb sh√phnfn°v
thX\w, IpSpw_thebpsS aqeyw, ImcWamIpsa∂pw I¿jIcpsS hcpam\w
DSaÿXbnep≈ `qanbpsS hmSI, ]ip°sf hfscb[nIw Ipdbv°psa∂pw hy‡am°p∂p
]cn]men°p∂Xn\p≈ Nnehv,
sshZypXn]ºpsk‰pIƒ F∂nhsb√mw Xs∂ Dev]∂Øns‚ KpWta∑
kotdm _P‰v {]IrXn Irjnh‡m°ƒ ]cnÿnXn kwc£WsØ Ipdn®pw,
t_m[]q¿hw AhKWn°p∂hbmWv. kpÿncXsb Ipdn®pw BtcmKysØ Ipdn®pw
hnfIfpsS t]mjI Bhiyw Aht_m[nXcmb C∂sØ P\X
\ne\n¿Øm≥ kotdm _P‰v cmkhkvXp°ƒ D]tbmKn®p≈ Irjnbn¬
\n∂pap≈ `£W km[\ItfmSv hnthN\w
{]IrXnIrjn°p Ignbptam? ImWn°mdp≠v. F∂m¬ \mw Adntb≠ hkvXpX
XpS¿®bmbp≈ Irjn aÆns‚ t]mjIkºØp CXmWv. DØa Im¿jnI apdIƒ A\pkcn®mWv
Ipdbv°p∂p. DØaamb Irjn°v aÆn¬ Irjn sNøp∂Xv F¶n¬ IoS Ipanƒ
Bhiyamb kkyt]mjI߃ D≠mbncn°Ww. \min\nIfn¬ \n∂pw cmkhfßfpsS
ZznXob aqeIßfpsSbpw kq£va Awißfn¬ \n∂pw kpc£nXhpw
aqeIßfpsSbpw Ipdhv ImcvjnIhnfhns\ t]mjIkar≤hpamb `£Ww kwtbmPnX
kmcambn _m[n°pw. DZmlcØn\v 10 S¨ t]mjI IoStcmK \nb{¥W coXnIfp]tbmKn®p
Dev]mZ\£aXbp≈ s\√v ˛ tKmXºp ssIhcn°mw. ssPhhfw {]tbmKn®mepw
k{ºZmbØn\v 225 In.{Kmw ss\{SP≥, 100 In.{Kmw cmkhfw {]tbmKn®mepw kky߃ aqeIßsf
t^mkv^dkv, 315 In.{Kmw s]m´mkyw, 40 In.{Kmw AssPhcq]ØnemWv hens®Sp°p∂Xv. ssPh
kƒ^¿, 38 In.{KmwaKv\ojyw F∂nhbpsS AssPh t]mjI߃ XΩn¬ kkyØn\v
Bhiyap≠v. Db¿∂ Dev]mZ\£aXbv°p hyXymksam∂pan√. kotdm _P‰v {]IrXn Irjn
Bhiyamb coXnbn¬ cmkhfØn\p am{Xta hgn D¬]mZn∏n°p∂ DXv]∂߃°v {]oanbw hne
aÆnse t]mjIkºØv \ne\n¿Øm≥ e`n°pw F∂mWv I¿jI¿ IcpXp∂Xv, Cs√¶n¬
km[n°p. 1 In.{Kmw bqdnbbn¬ 46 iXam\w henb kmºØnI \„ap≠mIpw.
ss\{SP≥ D≈t∏mƒ NmWIØn¬ 1
iXam\Øn¬ XmsgbmWv ss\{SP≥
imkv{Xob aqey \n¿WbØns‚ Bhiyw
Ft∂m¿°Ww (IrXyamb iXam\w `mhnXeapdbpsS Bhiy߃°mbn
]dbm\mhn√). Cu kmlNcyØn¬, IrXyamb ]cnÿnXn°p kΩ¿±w sNepØmsX kpÿnchpw
CSthfIfn¬ aÆp]cntim[n®v kkyØn\v imkv{Xobhpamb IrjncoXnIƒ ]n¥pScWw.
Bhiyap≈ A\p]mXØn¬ imkv{Xob IrXyX F¶n¬ am{Xta C\n∏dbp∂ e£y߃

T E A C H E R S ’ O R G A N I S A T I O N O F K E R A L A A G R I C U L T U R E U N I V E R S I T Y 27
 VOICE - 2020
ssIhcn°m\mIp. `£y FÆIƒ (45.2 sa{SnIv \ymbamb imkv{Xob ]n¥pSc¬ kotdm
S¨), ]®°dnIƒ (438.6 sa{SnIv S¨), ]g߃ _P‰v {]IrXn Irjn sNøp∂pt≠m? (http://
(183.4 sa{SnIv S¨), ]m¬ (483.6 sa{SnIv S¨), www.palekarzerobudgetspiritualfarming.org/
]©kmc (58.2 sa{SnIv S¨), amwkw (18.1 sa{SnIv zbnf.aspx)
S¨), ap´ (202.5 _ney¨), a’yw (27.0 sa{SnIv (v). I¿jIcpsS hcpam\w Cc´nbm°m\pw
S¨) C¥ybv°v BhiyamWv (Nμv, 2012). CXn\v ISN{Iw Ahkm\n∏n°m\pw kotdm _P‰v
D¬]mZ\£aXbn¬ \menc´n h¿[\ {]IrXn Irjn klmbn°ptam?
BhiyamWv. tIcfw Hcp D]t`m‡r (vi). kotdm _P‰v {]IrXn Irjn hgn D¬
kaqlamWv. [m\y߃, ]g߃, ]®°dnIƒ ]mZn∏n°p∂ `£Ww KpW\nehmcØn¬
F∂n `£y AhiyhkvXp°ƒ°mbn tIcfw anI®XmtWm?
Xangv\mSv, I¿WmSI, B{‘m{]tZiv F∂o
kwÿm\ßsfbmWv B{ibn°p∂Xv. ]WnapS°v apt∂m´p≈ hgn
t]mep≈ ImcWßfm¬ hnXcWw C¥ybpsS P\kwJy 2050 HmsS 1.7 _ney¨
XS s∏Sptºmsg√mw, kwÿm\Øn\v £maw Bbn temIsØ G‰hpw P\kwJybp≈
A\p`hs∏Sp∂Xv ]XnhmWv. tImhnUv ˛19 \p cmPyambn amdpw. C¥y AXns‚ PnUn]n
tijap≈ {]Xnk‘n apºsØt∏mse hf¿®m\nc°v 8 iXam\w ssIhcn®p
Bbncn°n√. ]m≥sUanIv Im¿jnI D¬ \ne\n¿ØWsa¶n¬ \mw 457 sa{SnIv S¨
]∂ßfpsS e`yXbv°v `ojWnbmbXn\m¬, `£y[m\yw Dev]mZn∏nt°≠Xp≠v (50.3 sa{SnIv
D¬ ]mZ\sØ ]camh[n h¿≤n∏n°p∂Xn\v S¨ ]b¿ h¿£ßƒ Dƒs∏sS). tImhnUv
B[p\nI Im¿jnI coXnIfn¬ {i≤ ]›mØeØn¬ C¥y°p Cu hf¿®m\nc°v
tI{μoIcn°p∂XmWv DØaw. sNdpInS, \maam{X Akw`hyambn sIm≠ncn°pIbmWv `mhnbnse
I¿jIcn¬ ]IpXnbpw ZBNF kzoIcn°p∂psh∂v `£W BhiyIX \ndth‰p∂Xn\v C¥y
IcpXpI (cmPysØ samØw I¿jIcpsS 86% \nch[n am¿K߃ kzoIcnt°≠Xp≠v. IrXyX
hcp∂h¿) CXns‚ `£y D¬]mZ\Øn¬ D≈ Irjn, aqey irwJe ÿm]n°¬,
{]XymLmXw F¥mbncn°pw? CXn\v DØcw
bphm°sf Irjnbnte°p BI¿jn°¬, am¿°‰v
\¬Ip∂Xn\v, C\n∏dbp∂h A`nkwt_m[\
ent¶PpIƒ, `£y kwk-vIcWw, an\na¬
sNtø≠Xp≠v
t{]mk nwKv Aßs\ ]eXpw. h¿[n®phcp∂
tNmZy߃: C¥ybpsS Bhiy߃°v imkv{Xob Irjn
(i). hnfIfpsS t]mjI Bhiy߃ \ndth‰m≥ am{XamWv am¿§w. kotdm _P‰v {]IrXn Irjn
Ignbptam AtXm Xt±iob t]mjIhnXcWw 1950 Ifn¬ 50 sa{SnIv S¨ DXv]mZ\£aXbp≈
(kotdm _P‰v {]IrXn Irjnbn¬ C¥ybpsS ]e Irjn coXnIfn¬ H∂pam{XamWv.
\n¿t±in®ncn°p∂Xpt]mse) aXntbm? imkv{Xob Irjn°v ]Icw hbv°m≥ Hcp
bp‡nbpw kzoImcyXbpw C√mØ Cu
(ii). hfcp∂ P\kwJysb t]mjn∏n°p∂Xn\v IrjncoXnbn¬ ]I¿®hym[n ImcWw hcpam\w
th≠{X D¬]mZn∏n°m\pw hnf hnfhv \„s∏´v P\߃ hebp∂ Cu ImeL´Øn¬
\ne\n¿Øm\pw kotdm _P‰v {]IrXn k¿°m¿ aqe[\w \nt£]n°cpsX∂pw,
Irjn°p Ignbptam? KthjW ASnØd hnIkn∏n®p
(iii) kotdm _P‰v {]IrXn Irjn kmt¶XnIhnZysb IqSpX¬
{]tbmP\s∏SpØp∂Xn\v aXnbmb t{]m’mln∏n°Wsa∂pw \n¿tZin°p∂p.
imkv{Xob sXfnhpIƒ imkv{Xobambn Reference
sXfnbn°s∏´ hnf ]cn]me\ coXnIƒ Agarwal, K. (2019) Zero Budget Natural Farming: Another case of `Raw
F∂nh Dt≠m?? Wisdom’ over Science. Down To Earth. Aug. 07, 2019.

(iv). \nehn¬ anI®Xpw {]k‡hpamb Anonymous (2019) Mirage of Zero Budget Farming: Is zero budget
farming the new demagoguery of the state to camouflage mis-
kmt¶XnIhnZybmbn kotdm _P‰v {]IrXn governance. Economic and Political Weekly. Vol. 54. No. 30 pp. 8.
Irjnsb NARES (The National Agricultural
NAAS 2019. Zero Budget Natural Farming - A Myth or Reality? Policy
Research And Extension Systems)
Paper No. 90, National Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Retrieved
IW°m°p∂pt≠m? C\n∏dbp∂ sh_v from https://www.aesanetwork.org/policy-paper- zero-budget-natural-
ssk‰n¬ \¬Inbncn°p∂Xpt]mse farming-a-myth-or-reality

28 T E A C H E R S ’ O R G A N I S A T I O N O F K E R A L A A G R I C U L T U R E U N I V E R S I T Y