_met_m[kw{Klx

{ioac`KhXv]mZNcWmchnm`ymtam\ax 1
PKZvKpcp {ioic`KhXv]mZcpsS XrmeSnIfn `n
]pccw {]WanpsImv Cu hymJym\w Bcw`npp.
AXoh Kl\amb thZmXz hfsc efnXambn
hntijnpw _mempthn/(_memp t]mepw) a\
nemm Ignbmhp Xcn BNmcy]mZ kw{Klns
gpXnbXmWo {]IcW{Kw. BNmcy XsbmtWm Cu
{Kw cNnXv F Imcyn, Hcp]t A\phmNI\p
kwibw tXmmw. BNmcycpsS XojvW_pn hnfp
{_kq{Xw, D]\njZv `mjy, ChbpsS Kmw`ocyw Cu
sNdnb {Kn ImWpn. kv{Xo_memPtUm] amkv
XzlanXn (`mm`yiw hmZn\x) Fp A\y{X ]cmainp
Ibpw sNpptm AhnSpp. Fm ItTm]\njZv `mjy
n \NntIXns _meyw {]tXyIw FSppImn {]iw
knm\pw aSnpn BNmcy. AXv FpXsbpamIs,
sshZnIkwkvImcs kw_nnStmfw, thZm Xz
sXmnen hpXs av Xmcmp ]mneqsS ]I
p \Inb aZmekmtZhn Hcp Zo]kvXw`wt]mse \apv
Fspw hgnImnbmbn \npp. (BNmcy Xsbpw
hfsc sNdp{]mbnXs (16 hbn\pn) {KcN\
]qnbmn Fpw sFXnlyaptm!)
B[ymhnZym{]t_m[{]Imcw hymJymkymax 2
B[ymhnZybpsS D]tZiw ChnsS hymJym\npp.
A[yms kw_np hnZybmWp A[ymhnZy.
FmWp A[ymw? KoXbn `Khm IrjvW D]tZin
pp,
Acw {_ ]caw kz`mthm A[ymapNytX
`qX`mthmZv`hItcm hnkKx IkwnXx. (`.Ko.8.3)
Hcnepw cw(acWw) kw`hnm, imizXamb B

1
]c{_ns kz`mhamWp A[ymw. Ghpw A[njvTm
\]chpw kIePohPmefptSbpw \ne\nn\p ImcW`qX
hpambnp {_ns hnZybmWo A[ymw.
B[n`uXnIm[nssZhnIm[ymnImZn Xm]{Xbmn
k]vXx kIekm[t\mt]Xx kwkmcmZzncay injyx
kZvKpcpw icWwKXzm kmjvSmwKw {]Wn]Xy hn]vXnw
ItcmXn. 3
B[n`uXnIhpw B[nssZhnIhpw B[ymnIhpw Bb
A\h[n ZpxJfns]v hepw X]npw oWnX\mbn,
XpSv imkvt{Xmamb km[\If\pjvTnv a\pn ssI
hcnv kwkmcN{In\npw hnap\mb Hcph kZvKpcp
hns\ icWw{]m]nv kmjvSmwKw\akvIcnv Xs hnm\
Zmlw Adnbnpp.
As\bp Hcphp am{Xta A[ymhnZy D]tZin
mhq Fpkmcw.
bZm NhZmImiw thjvSbnjyn am\hmx
XZm tZhahnmb ZpxJkymtm `hnjyXn (tiz.D.6.20)
a\pjyv tXmev]mbt]mse BImis NpcpnsbSp
phm km[optm am{Xta ]camm\w IqSmsX
kwkmcZpxJn\v AdpXnbpmhpIbpp.
B ]c{_s AdnbmsX Hcnepw ZpxJv Adp
Xnhcn Fw.
CZw tX \mX]kvImb \m`mb IZmN\
\ Nmipiqjth hmNyw \ N amw tbmf`ykqbXn (`.Ko.18.67)
Cu clkyabamb KotXm]tZiw, X]nnbnmh
t\mSpw `nbnmht\mSpw Kpcpip{iqjsb sNmht\m
Spw Fs \nnpht\mSpw \o Hcnepw ]dbcpXv.
bYm km[I kwkmcPohnXn\npw am\kn
Iambn hncanpIbpw thWw. sshcmKyw AXymt]nXamWv.
Kpcq\lXym ln alm\p`mhm Fp XpSn 4 tmI
fneqsS Xs a\nep kwkmcnI temItmSp ssh
cmKyw Ap\ {]ISnnptmgmWtm `Khm KoX

2
D]tZinpXpXs.
XZznn {]Wn]mtX\ ]cn{]ivt\\ tkhbm
D]tZyn tX m\w m\n\kvXzZin\x(`.Ko.4.34)
F KoXm{]amWw A\pkcnv m\nIfpsS ap]n
sNp hn\b]pccw kmjvSmwK{]amWw sNpXv Hcp D
ainjy Ahiyw sNtp Imcyfn HmIpp. CXp
injymcpsS BNmcamIpp.
t`m kzman! aa kwkmc\nhrnw Ipcp. 4
ChnsS injy bmNnpp Atbm kzmao! Fs
kwkmctimI\nhrn sNbvXmepw Fv.
Kpcpmtc t`mx Fp hntijnnWsav a\p,
t`mxi_vZw IoXtbZt kzky \mavt\mf`nhmZt\
\mav\mw kzcq]`mthm ln t`m`hn Ejn`nx kvarXx (a.kvar.2.124)
A`nhmZ\fn AhchcpsS \man\ptijw t`m
i_vZapcnWw. Ejnam t`m i_vZs \mans kzcq]w
Xssbp ]dbpp.
KpcpcphmN
Atc injy Xh kwkmc\nhrnx mt\\ `hnXhym.5
Kpcp AcpfnsNpp tl injym, \ns timIn\p
]cnlmcw m\neqsS am{Xta kw`hnpIbpp.
m\mtZhXpssIheyw (K.]p., a.kvar.)
\ ln mt\\ kZriw ]hn{Xanl hnZytX
Xzbw tbmKkwknx Imte\m\n hnXn. (`.Ko.4.38)
m\n\p Xpeyambn, ipoIcnp asmv \n
bambpan. hfscmea\pjvTnnp ItbmKwsImv
Hcph kzmmhn Cu m\s t\Spp.
m\w N {ihWa\\\nZn[ymkss\x {_kmm
XvImtcm `hXn. 6
B m\amIs {ihWa\\\nZn[ymk\fneqsS
t\SsSp {_kmmXvImcw XsbmIpp.

3
 ChnsS _rlZmcWytIm]\njnep t{imXthym
athym \nZn[ymknXhyxF amK\ntZiamWp ]cma
insSpXv.
injy DhmN
t`m kzman! {ihWw \ma Inw. a\\w \ma Inw.
\nZn[ymk\w \ma Inw. 7
injys Pnmk DWcpIbm hopw tNmZnpI
bmWv, Atbm kzmao!, Cu temIn ]e {]Imcnep
m\w (Adnhv) Dv. Ahbn Fns {ihWamWv kwkm
c\nhrnp ImcWw. Fns a\\amWv AXn\p D]mbw.
Fns \ncc hnNmcamWv Cu ]dbsnpXv. (\nZn[ym
k\sam hopw hopap hnNmcw)
KpcpcphmN
t`m h! {ihWw \ma thZmhmIym\map ]{Itam]
kwlmcXmXv]cyenwKm\mw km[\mNXpjvSb bpx
k {imhyw. 8
{]nb hm, thZmhmIyfpsS {ihWw BWv Chn
sS {ihWw Fp \ntZinpXv. AXv D]{Iaw D]kwlmcw
{KXmev]cyw kqN\I Fnhsbmw a\nemnbmIp
Ibpw thWw. shdpsX tIpIb km[\mNXpjvSb k
\mbnp thWw thZmhmIy BZyhkm\w KpcpapJ
n\npw tItXv.
CXn\npw hyamIpsXsm tIhew
]pkvXI]T\w sImpam{Xw Hcnepw {_kmmXvImcw
e`npIbn FXmWv. A\ptbmPy\mb Kpcp, thZm hmIy
fn Aeo\amb XmXv]cys DwssIbnse s\n
t]mse ImWnp Xcpp. {ihWw (tIstSXv) tIp
Xs t\SWw. thZm_mlyamb m\w euInIhyhlmc
ns tImWn\np t\mptm F{XXs kp{][m\
amWv Fp hmepw B[ymnIambn AXv _lpXpamWv.
km[\NXpjvSbw Fm \mep kp{][m\ km[\I.
4
Ch NncImew A\pjvTnp ]mIX hcptm am{Xta thZm
m\n\p A[nImcn Bhppp.
ChnsS Hcp tNmZyw tNmZnmhpXmWv. Bmhp kzXx
knamsWncns Fn\mWp km[\mIm\pjvTm\w?
Dcw Bmhp kzXxknw XsbmsWnepw kn
Zm\hpw IneqsS A{]m]yhpamsWnepw Nnw ip
amhm Hcph\p Bmhns kzm`mhnIamb tPymXnp shfn
sSpn. \nccw km[\NXpjvSbw A\pjvTnpXneqsS
Nnw ipw BIpp. Xqew Bmhns tPymXnv {]IS
ambn ImWm Ignbpp.
a\\w \ma {ipXmYky D]]y\p]]n`ymw bpn
`ncmtemN\w a\\w. 9
{ipXnbpsS Acms bpn, D]]n, A\p]]
n XpSnb amKfneqsS ]cymtemN\w sNpXmWp
a\\w. CXn\p D]\njZvkym[ymbw AXymhiyamWv.
thZm hmIyfpsS a\\w sNph ap\n. hmevaoIn
cmambWns BZytmIw t\mpI
X]xkzm[ymb \ncXw X]kzn hmKzZmwhcw
\mcZw ]cn]]r hmaoInap\n]pwKhw. (hm.cm.1.1)
\nZn[ymk\w \ma \nnXmYky XtZI\njvTtXz\
kwibhn]cyb XymtK\ Ahm\w \nZn[ymk\w. 12
{ihWa\\mZnIfm {ipXnbpsS \nbns A
n ZrVXhcpIbpw AXn GI\njvTtbmsS kwibfpw
sXmb[mcWIfpw XyPnp AhbmWv \nZn[ymk\w.
GI\njvT Fm GIm{KX.
KoXbn `Khm ]dbpp,
hyhkmbmnIm _pntctIl Ipcp\\
_lpimJm ly\m _ptbmfhyhkmbn\mw. (`.Ko.2.41)
ItbmKn \nbkzcq]amb _pn Hpam{X
tabpp. Fm \nb_pnbnmhcpsS _pnI

5
]eimJItfmSpIqSnbhbmbpw At\Ifpambncnpp.
Cu {]amWw A\pkcnv kwkmcnIfpsS a\p _lp
imJIfneqsS, AXmbXp `mcy, IpSpw_w, [\w, Krlw, DtZym
Kw, A`nam\w Fns\ A\amb imJIfneqsS Npnn
cnbptm hyhkmbmnIamb AXmbXv {ipXn{]knamb
]c{_n Xs Fmbvtmgpw A`ncanp _pn GI
\njvTtbmsS \opp. CXn\p amKamWp \nZn[ymk\w.
kwibhn]cybXymtK\ kwib Fmw AIn,
Ne Fmw \on.
Am{i[m\ kwibmm hn\iyXn(`.Ko.4.40)
hnthIlo\\pw, `nhnizmkclnX\pw kwib{K
\pambh ]cakXyn\npw {`jvS\mbnocpp.
F KoXm{]amWa\pkcnp kwib\nhmcWw AXy
mt]nXamWv.
k Gh ^enXkmmXvImcx. {ipXnhmIyw {]amWw.
`nZytX lrZb{Knx OnZyt khkwibmx
obt Nmky IamWn XkvanZrjvtS ]cmhtc. 13
{ihWw, a\\w, \nZn[ymk\w Cu amfneqsS Dd
hnizmkwh a\n\p am{Xta BXynI ]pcpjmamb
{_kmmXvImcw ^en hcpphm IgnbpIbpq
ChnsS Kpcp\mY Hcp {ipXnhmIyw {]amWambn Dcnpp.
aptIm]\njZv ]dbpp, Fmn\pw D]cnbmbpw
Fmnepw hyXykvXambpw hnfp AXns\(]c{_
s) t\cnmWp am{Xbn Hcphs Fm lrZb{Kn
Ifpw t`ZnsSpp. Fm kwibfpw tOZnsSpp,
Fm I_fpw Agnbpp.(ap.D.2.2.9)
injyx t`m kzman! km[\NXpjvSbw \ma Inw? 14
injys Pnmk hnpIbm tNmZnpIbmWv,
Atbm kzmao, km[\NXpjvSbw Fm FmWv?
KpcpcphmN \nXym\nXyhkvXphnthIx. Clmap{XmY
^et`mKhncmKx. iamZnjSvIw. apappXm N. 15
6
 Kpcp ]dbpp, \nXyhkvXphpw A\nXyhkvXphpw Xn
hyambn thXncndnbphm\p hnthIw. Cu temInepw
kzKmZn ]ctemIfnepap ^et`mKfnep hncn.
iamZnIfmb Bsdns kmZ\w. tamn\p
B{Klw. ChbmWv km[\NXpjvSbw.
]tcm]Imc{]Zamb AZm\w, s]mXpInW Ipgn
apXembhbpw sshZnIhn[n{]Imcw \ntZinsnp
kymh\w, Antlm{Xw apXembhbpw ASp I
v CjvSm]qw Fpt]cv. Cu I sNptm
Cl]c temIfn \nch[n kpJt`mK A\p`hnm
\p `mKyw knnpp. Fm Chsbmpw Bm\w
t\Sncpn.
bmhm\Y DZ]mt\ khXx kwptXmZtI
Xmhm kthjp thtZjp {_mWky hnPm\Xx. (`.Ko.2.46)
\ndpIhn Pemibw e`n Hcph\v Hcp sNdpIpfw
sImsp]tbmKaptm, A{Xtbbpp {_Xzw {Kln
{_mW\v kakvX thZsImpw.
Cu {]amWa\pkcnv tad Fm IafpsSbpw
^e Xpsap a\nemn Ahbn sshcmKyw hp
]peph {_mW {_kmmXvImcw t\Sphm\
l.
tamn\mbp hyhpw mbnbpambp A`n
hmRvO hnthINqUmaWnbn BNmcykzmanI ]dbppv
Zpe`w {XbtasshXXv ssZhm\p{KltlXpIw
a\pjyXzw apappXzw alm]pcpjkw{ibx (hn.3)
Cu km[\NXpjvSbspdnp ZoLhnhcWw
BNmcykzmanIfpsS ap {Kfn ImWsSpXn\m
{]IcWn\pdw IqSpX hnhcWn\v ChnsS apXncpn.
\nXyamkzcq]w ln ZriyZzn]coXIw. Ghw tbm
\nbx kayIv hnthtImfky \aky ssh. PKha
\nXyw {_ssh \nXyw. 19
ChnsS Kpcp tad km[\NXpjvSbw hnhcnpp.
7
ImWsSp PKXv FmwXs Bt]nIambn A\nXyam
Ipp, Bkzcq]w am{Xtabpp \nXyambnv. CXmWv Xz
akn apXemb {ipXnhmIy DZvtLmjnpXv \nXyhkv
Xp Hpam{XamWv. AXv ]c{_amWv. AXn\p hn]coXambn
ImWsSp Cu PKv Xopw A\nXyamWv. Cs\bp
\nbmIhnthIamWv \nXym\nXyhkvXphnthIw.
A\nXyakpJw temIanaw {]m]y `Pkz amw (`.Ko.9.33)
\mktXm hnZytX `mthm \m`mthm hnZytX kXx
D`tbmc]n ZrjvtSmfkvXz\tbmkvXzZin`nx (`.Ko.2.16)
Clmap{X^et`mK hncmtKm\ma {_mZnmhcmtjp
sshcmKyw hnjtbjz\p. XssYh ImIhnjvTmbmx ssh
cmKyw Xn \naew. Cl]ckpJhnjtbjp sshcmKyw
hncmKmx. 20
C\n sshcmKyns kz`mhw hnhcnpp. {_mhp
apX Iphscbp Cu ImWsSp Fmnt\mSpw hnti
jnv Fm hnjbkpJtfmSpap hncn BWv CXv. F
s\bp sshcmKyw? ImbpsS aent\mSp tXmp t]m
sebp hncn. CutemIpw kzKmXn ]ctemIfnep
ap kpJhnjbfnse hncn.
KoXbn `Khm ]dbpp
tb ln kwkv]iPm t`mKm ZpxJtbm\b Gh tX
BZyhx Iutb \ tXjp catX _p[x (`.Ko.5.22)
temIn ImWsSp hkvXpfpambp k
n \npmIp kpJw thZ\sb am{Xw P\nnph
bmWv. hmkvXhsasm Ahbvsmw Hcp XpShpw
Ahkm\hpw ImWsSppv. Ahsbmw HcpImev \ne
bvphbmWv. Atm Ahbn\npap th]mSv AXy
w thZ\mP\Iambn A\p`hsSpIbpw sNpw. Cu kXyw
Adnbp _pnam Hcnepw Ahbn canpn!
iamZnjSvIw \ma itamZaD]cXnkvXnXnm {imkam[m\w
iamZnjSvIw FXv iaw, Zaw, D]cXn, XnXnm, {i

8
kam[m\w FphbmWv.
itam \makssZh hmk\mXymKx itamfbanXn i_vZnXx. 21
C\n iaw Fm Fm hmk\Isfbpw Dntebvv
ASnhp kz\mbn Ccnp Ah. CXv Hcp am\knI
{]hrn BIpp.
Bcpcptmapt\tbmKw Ia ImcWapNytX
tbmKmcqVky Xsskyh iax ImcWapNytX. (`.Ko.6.3)
m\tbmKs {]m]nm\nnp tbmKnv Ia
tbmKw ImcWambnocppshpw, m\tbmKs {]m]n
B ap\npXs iaw m\]cn]mIn\v ImcWambn
`hnppshpw ]dbsSpp.
Ztam\ma \n{Ktlm _mlyhrn\mw Za CXy`n[obtX. 22
Zaw Fm _mly{]hrnIfn \npw C{nbsf
\nhn. \nccw _mly{]hrnIfn apgpIn Aebp
Hcmv tbmKw Akm[yamIpp.
itam ZakvX]x iuNw mncmPhtah N
m\w hnm\amkvXnIyw {_Ia kz`mhPw. (`.Ko.18.42)
iaw Zaw X]kv iuNw a Ah{IX m\w hnm
\w BkvXnIyw CsXmw kz`mhP\yamb {_mWI
fmIpp.
FmWp `Khm {_mWKpWsf hnpXv.
D]cXn\ma hnjtb`yx ]cmhrnx ]ctam]cXnln km.23
D]cXn Fm hnjbt`mKfn \npw \nhnv
B a\ns\ BcXnbn \npXmWv.
bkvXzmcXntch kymZmXr]vX am\hx
Bt\yh N kpjvSkvXky Imcyw \ hnZytX. (`.Ko.3.17)
tbmfx kptJmfcmcmamtPymXntch bx
(`.Ko.5.24) Fp KoXbn asmcnSp `Khm Acpfnspp.
F{X at\mlcambn, DuPkzeambn, Cu _rlZmcWyI
D]\njn Ejn DZvtLmjnpp Fp ImWpI.

9
...GXtah {]{hmPnt\m temIanx {]{hPn. GX kva
ssh XXv]qth hnZzmwkx {]Pmw \ Imabt Inw {]Pbm
Icnjymtam tbjmw t\mfbammfbw temI CXn tX l kva
]pss{XjWmbm hnssjWmbm temssIjWmbm
hypmbmY `nmNcyw Ncn tbm tlyh ]pss{XjWm km
hnssjWm bm hnssjWm km temssIjtWmt` tlytX
GjtW Gj `hXx... (_r.D.4.4.22)
Cu BtemIw B{KlnpXs ]cn{hmPyw (kym
kw) sNpp. CXpsImpXs \psS ]qnIcmb hnZzm
m kXnIsf B{Klnn Ah BtemNnp.kXnIsf
smp R FpsNm\mWv Cu khym]nbpw kn
Zm\kzcq]hpamb BtemIw Dtm. Cs\ Nnnv
Ah kXypXv]mZ\n \npw ]nhmnbnv `nmN
cyw sImpam{Xw icocs ]penbnv temIsapw A\p
{Klhjw sNbvXp Pohnp. FpsImsm kXypXv
]mZ\w sNphm\p Imaw XsbmWv [\nt\mSp Ima
hpw, AXpXsbmWv ap temIkpJ A\p`hnphm\p
Imahpw. Chsbmw Imans \nch[n hi am{XamIpp.
XnXnm \makl\w khZpxJm\mw XnXnm
ip`maXm. 24
XnXn ZpxJ hcptm Ahsb B_etm
SpIqSn klnpIbmWp XnXn Fp ]dbpXv.
KoXbn `Khm Cs\ ]cmainppv.(`.Ko.2.14)
am{Xmkv]imkvXp Iutb iotXmjvW kpJZpxtJZmx
BKam]mbnt\mf\nXymx XmwkvXnXnkz `mcX.(`.Ko.2.14)
Cu hymJym\n KoXmtmI AhnShnsS Dcn
pXn\p ImcWw cmWvBNmcy]mZ KoXbpsS alzw
tKbw KoXm \makl{kw,`KhZvKoXm InnZ[oX Fn
s\ ]e{]Imcw Bhnppv. `mjyfn kvarXn
]camb {]amWn\v AhnSpv Hpan CSfnepw KoXsb
sbmWv B{ibnpXv. KoXm`mjynepw kIe]pcp

10
jmkm[\w Fns\ hopw hopw {]Ionpp
v BNmcy]mZ. asmv `Khm {ioIrjvWs apJmchn
n \npw Xs AXyw ]hn{XamIpp KoXbnse Hmtcm
tmIhpw.
{im \ma \nKamNmcyhmtIyjp `nx {itXn
hn{ipXm. 25
thZhmIyfnepw BNmcyhN\fnepap DXvS
amb hnizmksbmWv {i Fp]dbpXv.
{imhm e`tX m\w XXv]cx kwbtX{nbx
m\w e_v[zm ]cmw imnaNntcWm[nKXn.(`.Ko.4.39)
PntX{nb\pw km[\m\njvT\pw {imhm\pambh\v
{_m\w e`npp. m\{]m]vXnptijw ImeXma
kwIqSmsX `KhXv{]m]vXnbmIp ]caimntbbpw {]m]n
pp.
ItTm]\njn \NntIXkvF Ipamc\ph {i
{]knamWtm.
kam[m\w \ma NnssIm{Kyw Xp kwety kam[m\
anXn {ipXw. GXXv iamZnjvSIw. 26
kam[m\w Fm a\ns GIm{KX Fw.
Cs\ iamZnjvSIw hnhcnp.
{ioaZv`mKhXw GImZikvIn `Khm IrjvW
DhtcmSv 24 Kpcpmscpdnv hnhcnppv. Chbn
GIm{KXbvp amXrIbmbn DZmlcnpXv Hcp Ap\n
nphs\bmWv. kao]pIqSn cmPmhpw AkwJyw ]cn
hmcfpw hmZytLmjtfmSpIqSn t]mhpIbpmbnpw
Abm tPmenbn ]cn]qambn ebnncnpXpsImv
Hpadnn. AXpt]msebp GIm{KX kam[m\w B[ym
nIXbn AXymt]nXamWv.
apappXmkwkmc_\mpnx IYw kymt IZm hnt[
CXn bmkp ZrVm _pnhhym km apappXm. 27

11
 Cu kwkmckmKcn \npw F\nv FtmgmWp
tamN\w e`npI Fp hymIpeXbmWp apappX.
kpJ ZpxJfnepw em`mem`fnepw Hcpt]mse Cu
hn[nep Nn \ne\nWw. Cs\bp ZrV_pn.
Ghwkm[\NXpjvSbksskyh {_mssIy
mt\ A[nImcx.
BssIhnm\w hnNmtcW hn\m \ PmbtX. hnNmcx
Imcyx. 28
C{]Imcap km[\mNXpjvSbk\mbh\pam{Xta
{_m\n\[nImcw knnppq. Bm\w
\ncchnNmcneqsS km[yamIpp. BhnNmcw {][m\
amIpp.
injy DhmN hnNmtcm\ma? 29
ChnsS injy tNmZnpp: FpXcnep hnNm
camWp thXv, Fv.
KpcpcphmN Alw Ix? CZw khw IYw PmXw? Ip{X
hm ebw KXn? kZm kZv`nx hnNmcx Imcyx. 30
Rm hmkvXhn BcmWv? Cu ImWsSp Bfp
I, hkvXp Fmw FhnsS \npw hp? Ch \inp
tm FhnsS t]mIpp? Fns\bp hnNmcamWp
Ftmgpw kp, AXmbXv km[p A\pjvTntXv.
injy DhmN t`m kzman! Alw Xp hnNmcw \ Pm\man
k Ip{X hm kn?
tIm thZ? Xztah amw IcpWmISmt]mtX\ kwkmchmcnt[x
]mcw Zib Xztah ta KXnx. 31
injy ]dbpp, Atbm kzman, a\ns\ ]nSnp\n
n C{]Imcap hnNmcw sNpXv Fs\ Fp F\np
Adnbphm Ignbpn. ApXs B IcpWm{Zamb
ISmm Fs Cu kwkmcamIp almkmKcn\
12
sc ISnbmepw. Ap am{XamWp F\nv taKXn.
ChnsS HfnpInSp Xzsasm, Ccn
ep, Kpcphnt\mSp icWmKXn Dsn am{Xta ]caamb
m\w t\Sphm IgnbpIbpq.
KoXbn Ap\ bmNnpXp t\mpI
Im]WytZmtjm]lXkz`mhx
]rman Xzmw [akwaqV tNXmx
bt{bx kymnnXw {_qln Xt
injykvtXflw im[n amw Xzmw {]]w. (KoX.2.7)
kz`mhw Am\P\yamb `ocpX F tZmjm
antmbn; _pn [tasXdnbm IgnbmXpambn.
As\bp Rm AtbmSv tNmZnpIbmWv, GXmWv
F\nv Xopw t{ibmbnocpI? AbpsS injy\mWp
Rm. Asb icWw{]m]n Fs D]tZinmepw.
ItTm]\njn \NntIXkv ba[cmPt\mSp ]dbp
Xp t\mpI
tZsshc{Xm]n hnNnInnXw Ine
Xzw N artXym b kptbam
hm Nmky XzmZrKt\ym \ et`ym
\mt\ym hckvXpey GXky InXv.
Ap am{XamWp F\np acWspdnp acWm\
cspdnpw D]tZinp Xcphm Ignhp ]caKpcp.
{ioKpcpcphmN t`m h! ath Xh ZrVm `ntXv
{ipWp. Xzw Xp tZtlm \ `hkn. AXx PUXzmXv
ZriyXzmXv ZriymZt\ym {ZjvtSXn \ymbmXv. AawKf
Xzm. \nXyXzm. khnImcXzm PmX Gh tZlkvXzw
\ `hkn. Xzw Xp ssNX\yam{Xw. 32
Kpcp Ipt, \n\p Fn ZrVamb `n Dsn
tItmfq. Cu tZla \o. FpsImsm, tZlw PU
amWv. tZlw IpIfm ImWsSp Hcp hkvXp am{XamWv.
As\sbn ]cnanXamb Cu tZlhkvXphns\ Ip
sImncnpI, Hcp {ZjvSmhp thWatm. B {ZjvSmhv BWv
13
bYmn \o Xsbpa, Cu tZlw aew, aq{Xw, cw
apXemb hrnsI hkvXpfm \ndbsXmWv. Cs\
bp tZln\p Fs\ NnI \nnm\mIpw? Cu
tZlw Ipdp Imen\pn \inp t]mhpXmbn ImWp
p. Cu tZlw \ncamb amp hnt[bamhpXmbn
ImWsSppapv. AXpsImpw \o Cu tZla. \o ssNX
\ykzcq]amWv Ipt.
injy DhmN t`m kzman! Alw tZtlm \ `hman tNXv
tZlky kpJZpxJw amw _m[tX. AX Gh tZl Ghmlw.
injy kzman, Rm tZla Fp Ap ]dbpp
shnepw tZln\p kw`hnp tISp]mSpI, kpJZpxJ
Fs _m[npphtm. A\p\nanjw Rm B kpJ
ZpxJ A\p`hnpsImncnpp. AXn\m Rm Cu
tZla Fv Fs\ IcpXm\mhpw?
KpcpcphmN tZtlm PUx
Kpcp tZlw PUhkvXp BbXpsImv!
injy DhmN IYw PUx tZlkvXmhXv _meyamc`y
\nXyw h[tX PUky hrn\ kw`hXn. Ghtah
khw.
injy tZlw _meyw, Iuamcw Fns\bp Ah
IfneqsS ]cnh\hnt[bamIpXmbn ImWsSpp.
Hcp PUhkvXphn\v C{]Imcap amw Fs\ kw`hnbvpw?
F\np A\p`hsSp kpJZpxJ Fs\ Hcp PUh
kvXphn Btcm]nphm Ignbpw?
KpcpcphmN t`m injy! tZlXmZmty\ Xh kpJZpxJw
{]Xn`mXn. bYm [\mZnIjvSw tNXv ZpxJ `hXn.
tXss\h {ZhymZnIw kzbw `hXn hm kpJZpxJtbmx
ImcWm`mthf]oXn. bYm em`memt` XmZmty\ kpJ
ZpxtJ `mkXx. XssYh tZlXmZmty\ kpJZpxtJ
{]Xn`mkXx.

14
 Kpcp injym, \n\p A\p`hsSp Cu kpJZpxJ
Fmw \o tZlamWv Fp sXnmcWaqew hp `hnp
XmWv. Hcph\p kmnI\jvSw kw`hnm Ah ZpxJn
pXmbn ImWpptm? Fphv B \jvSs [\w
shdpw{Zhyw am{XamWv FXn kwibantm. AXpt]mse,
Fs\bmtWm a\pjy ]eXcnepap em`\jv S
hcptm ktmjnpIbpw ZpxJnpIbpw sNpXv A
s\ XsbmWv Xm tZlamWv F XmZmyt_m[w aqew
a\pjy ktmjnpIbpw ZpxJnpIbpw sNpXv.
bYm {ZhymZn`yx kzbw `nx XssYh tZlmXv kzbw
`nx. PU Xzw N {ipWptZtlm h[tX CXn IrXzm
tZtlm PtUm \ `hXoXn bZzZkn XZkXv. PUkym]n
hrnZi\mXv . bYm thZnIm ar{Zq]m PUm]n
arntt]W IpSymZncqt]W h[tX. Inw Xmt{XW
ssNX\yw `hXn hm.
\o Fs\bmtWm [\{Zhyfn \npw hyXykvX
\mhpXv, As\Xs tZln \npw `namWv \ns
kzcq]w Fv Xncndnbq. tZln\p hrnb Ds
p ImWsSpXn\m tZlw PUhkvXp BIpn F
\ns A\pam\w icnb. PUhkvXppw h\hpw Cf
hpw DmIpptm. DZmlcWn\p Hcp Hgn knbn
apsImp \ndm AXn\p hentadnbXmbn ImWs
Spphtm. AXpsImpam{Xw knp ssNX\yw Dv
Fp ]dbphm km[nptam?
XssYhmabicocky ]p\x]p\x Aw \nXyw
\ntt]W tZtlm h[tX. AX Gh PUx 33
AXpt]mse Cu AabamIp icocn \nccw
Aw \ndbvpXpsImv Cu tZlhpw hfp hnImkw
{]m]npp. AXn\m Cu tZlhpw knt]mse PUw
am{XamWv.

15
AawKfXzm {ipWp PIme]cmai AawKfw kn
tah. Xh tZlx ZriyXzw IYanXn tNXv aa icotc iyma
KuchXzmZn\m {]Xobamt\ Iri qeXzmZn`n kn
tah. Xzw Xp {ZjvSm. 34
Cu tZlw hrnsIXpamWv P\nptmXs Cu
tZln\p ZriyXztZmjhpapv. \o ]dphtm, Cu tZl
n\p hrnb DmIpXmbn ImWsSpp Fv.
Atm Cu icocns\ ImWp Hcp {ZmjvSmhv Cu icoc
n\pw hyXykvXambn Dsw. B {ZmjvSmhmWp \o.
icocamIp Zriya \o.
A\nXyXzw {ipWp. _me IuamcmZyhmbpXzmXv
khnImcnXzw. Xzw Xp tZlmZyhnImcx. \nXy. tbmflw
_mtey {IoUmkx buht\ hnjbmkx hm[tIy
Nnmbpx XmhmhXv . tkmflanXy\p`hmXv
Xm`nhyhm`nbpky \nXyXzw. Xkvamttlm \
`hkn. Xzw Nnmt{Xmfkn kmo. 35
C\n tZln\p A\nXyXzw Fs\ Fm, tItmfq.
a\pjy _mey Ahbn IfnIfn apgpIn kabw sNe
hgnpp, bu\ Ahbn ]eXcw hnjbkpJfpsS
]nmse t]mIpp, hmIyAhbn ]eXcw NnIfn
apgpIn kabw sNehgnpp. Hmtcmtcm AhIfneqsS
ISpt]mIptmgpw Ahbpambn XmZmyw {]m]np Pohnp
Xn\m Ahsbmsbpw \nXyamWv Fp sXncnp Ign
bpp. AXm\mepw \o Cu tZln\p D]cnbmbn D as
tm HmWv. \o bYmn Fmn\pw kmnbpw Nnm
{Xhpamb BmhmWv.
injy DhmN t`m kzman! Xh {]kmZteimXv tZtlm \
`hmaoXn aa m\w PmXw. XmhXm aa tIm em`x. 36
injy Atbm kzmao, AbpsS {]kmZ m
Rm tZlas m\n F\np ZrVX ssI hp.

16
Fm, B AdnhpsImv F\nsmWv t\w ?
`Khm KoXbn ]dbpp,
CZw icocw Iutb t{XanXy`n[obtX
GXtZym thn Xw {]mlpx t{X CXn XZznZx.(`.Ko.13.1)
Cu icocamIp t{Xs icndnbph\mtcm
Ahs\ almm t{X Fp hntijnnpp.
t{Xt{Xtbmm\w bPvm\w aXw aa. (`.Ko.13.2)
AXn\m, Cu icocspdnpw AXn A[nhkn
p t{X\mIp ]cammhns\pdnpap m\
amIp ]caamb m\w.
KpcpcphmN bZm Xzw ]oIrX]alm`qX ka`h
qeicocw \ `hkn XZm \macq]PmXnhWm{iamZb
kvXh \ kn. GXXv khw qe icocsskyh. 37
Kpcp F{]ImcamtWm \o Cu ]alm`qX fm
(]rYzn, Pew, An, hmbp, BImiw) \nnXamb qe
icocw Atbm AXpt]mseXs \ma,cq],PmXn,hW,
B{iaw XpSnb euInIfmb hntijW Hpw Xs
\n\n. Cu ]dbshsbmw qeicocns KpW
am{XamIpp.
injy DhmNt`m kzman! XzXv {]kmZmXv kXyw. XzZm
bm Alw qetZtlm \ `hman. Xw_mx h
Wm{iaZbx kv{Xo]pw\]pwkImZbx iymaKuchXzmZn
\macq]mZbx aa \ kn. AXx ]can{nbmWylw.
C{ntbjp kp ]iyman {iptWman kv]riman CXymZy
\p`hm C{nbmWyltah. 38
injy Atbm Kpcp\mYm! AbpsS {]kmZ mepw
hniZoIcWmepw Rm Cu qetZlw A F kXyw
F\nv Dsmm Ignbpp. kam\coXnbn
BtemNnp ]w, hWm{iatfm kv{Xo]pcpenwKt`Z
tfm \ndhyXymktfm X\nn Fdnbphm Ignbpp.

17
Fm As\ Nnnm C{nbfpsS kwtjWamWp
Rm Fp hcpnt? C{nbfneqsSbmWtm Rm
_mlyhkvXpsf ImWpXpw tIpXpw kv]inp
Xpw. Cu A\p`h aqew C{nb XsbmIpp Rm.
ChnsS {]kmZw Fpw B Fpw cp hmNI
aqen {]tbmKnncnpXv Kpcphnt\mSp AXoh `n
bmWp ImWnpXv.)
KpcpcphmN t`m h! C{nbmWy]n PUm\n Xzw \
`hkn ]`qXImcyXzmXv. 39
Kpcp\mY ]dbpp, tl hm!, C{nb ]`qX
fm \nnXfmWv. Xqew Ah PUhkvXp am{Xw.
\o Ahbn \npw hyXykvXamWv.
injyx t`m kzman! C{nbmWn PUm\n IYw? `qXIm
cymWn IYw? 40
injy Atbm Kpcp\mYm! C{nbsf Fs\
bmWp PU Fp ]dbm IgnbpXv? Ah Fs\
bmWp ]`qXfm \nnXfmhpXv?
KpcpcphmN tbm h! C{nbmWnBm\w Pm\n ]c
a]n \ Pm\n bYm {]Zo]hXv. t`m t{im{X CZm\ow Xzw
A{X XnjvTkoXypt t`m kzman A{X mkymao
Xn hpakaYw Ghw khmWn IcWm\n AX PUm\n. 41
Kpcp\mY ]dbpp- Ipt, C{nbfneqsSbp
A\p`hw ]cnanXfmWv . Ahsb Hcp hnfnt\mSp
D]anmw. hnfns\ sXfnbnphm asmcp ssNX\yw Bh
iyamWtm. Hcp hnfpw kzXth {]Iminpn. \ns
sNhnItfmSp \n ChnsS {inq Fp \mw ]dm,
Kptcm, Rm ChnsS am{Xw {inmw Fp {]XnIcnm
sNhnIp Ignbpntm. AXpt]mse Xs Fm
C{nbfpw PUhkvXp Xs Fphcpp.

18
`qXImcyw IYanXn {ipWp. tt{imt{X{nbamImiImcyw.
BImim[ymnI KpWi_vZ{KltW km[\w. XzKn
{nbw hmbpImcyw. hmbzm[ymnIKpWkv]i{KltW
km[\w. NpkvtXPx Imcyw. tXP B[ymnIKpW
cq]{KltW km[\w. ckt\{nba]mw Imcyw. Pem[ym
nIKpWck{KltW km[\w. GXm\n mt\{nbm
Wn. ]`qXkzKpWmZpXv]m\n. 42
C\n, Fs\bmWv C{nb ]`qXfm \n
nssXp tItmfq. t{imtX{nbw(tIhnin) BIm
iXznemkv]ZambmWv. BImineqsSbmWtm \apv
tIm km[npXv. AXpt]mse Xzv hmbpXzn
emkv]ZambmWv. Npv, tXPkv F Xzm \nn
XamWv. ck\w (cpNn) PeXznemkv]ZamWv. Cs\
mt\{nb Fmw Xs ]`qXfpsS kzKpW
fm \nnXamWv Fp \ncq]np Ignp.
AY Ita{nbmWn {ipWp.
Itam{nbmWnhmIv BImiImcyw. BImim[ymnI
KpWi_vtZm hZXn. ]mWo{nbw hmbpImcyw. hmbzm[ym
nIKptW\ KrlvWmXn. ]mtZ{nbw tXPx Imcyw. tXP
B[ymnIImcyw Ka\mZnIw ItcmXn. Kptly{nba]mw
Imcyw. Pem[ymnIImcyw aq{XtctXmKmZnIw
ItcmXn. KptZ{nbw ]rYnhoImcyw. ]rYnhym[ymnI
KpWw. ]qcojmZnIw ItcmXn. Ghw Ita{nbmWn ]
`qXctPmKptW`yx DXv]m\n. ]`qXXtamKpWmXv
hnjbm DXv]mx. 43
C\n It{nbsfpdnv tItmfq. hmv BImi
Xzn nXn sNpp. BImineqsSbmWtm
hmpI Dcnm IgnbpXv ssII hmbpXzn
ImepI tXPkvXzn nXn sNpp. Kplyw PeX
znemWp \nesImpXv. KpZw ]rYzoXzn nXn

19
sNpp. Cs\ It{nb ]`qXfpsS ctPm
KpWm \nnXamWv Fp \ncq]np Ignp. CXp
t]mse Xs _mlyhnjbhkvXp CtX ]`qXfpsS
XtamKpWm \nnXamWv.
i_vZkv]icq]ckKmx hN\mZm\Ka\ hnkKm
\mx. GXm\n khmWo{nbmWn ]`qXm[ymnI
ImcymWn PUm\n. 44
i_vZ, kv]i, cq], ck, Kw XpSnb Fm C{nb
fpw ]`qXfm \nanXfmbXn\m Ahsbmw
PUhkvXp XsbmWv.
tad kmcamWp ]p\hnNn\w sNtXv. PU
hkvXpsf As\ Xs Xncndnp Dt]nm am{X
ta Ahbvsmw AXnXambn \nesImp ]cammhns\
A\p`hsSphm IgnbpIbpq.
KoXbnepw `Khm ]dbpp,
alm`qXm\ylmtcm _pnchytah N
C{nbmWn ZssiIw N ] tN{nbtKmNcmx (`.Ko.13.5)
]alm`qX, Almcw, _pn, aqe{]IrXn,
]n{nb, Hcp a\v, ]t{nbp hnjbamb
kv]iw, cq]w, i_vZw, ckw, Kw Fnhbpw..
]`qXfpsS hyXykvX KpWfpsS ke\w \nan
w \Sp temIhym]mcs Xs `Khm asmcnSv
Cs\ hntijnnpp,
Xzhnp alm_mtlm KpWIahn`mKtbmx
KpWm KptWjp hX CXn aXzm \ ktX (`.Ko.3.28)
ChnsS Hcp tNmZyw tNmZnmhpXmWv, C{nb
PUhkvXp am{Xsan Ahbvss\ A{X i
ambn hnjbhkvXpfpsS CSbn {]hnm Ignbpp?
kzkztZhXm\p{KtlW kzkzhnjbm {]Xn hXt. 45
B tNmZyn\pcamWv Hmtcm C{nbhpw X\Xp
tZhXbpsS A\p{KlmemWv hnjbhkvXpfn {]h

20
npXv.
injyx Itky{nbky Inw ssZhXw? 46
ChnsS injy tNmZnpp, Hmtcmtcm C{nbpap
A`nam\nbmb tZhXI GsXmsbmsWp ]dbmtam?
C{nbfpsS {]h\aX AXXp tZhXIfpsS
A\p{KlmemWv Fp t\cs ]dphtm. As\
sbn B tZhXIsf kvXpXn, [ym\w, A\ XpSnb
kmXznI Bcm[\Ifm {]oXnsSpn A\p{Klw t\Sn C{n
bfpsS in hnnmatm. CXpw {_m\hpw
Xn Fp _w FmsWn, \mbamm _elot\\
e`yx FmWtm {ipXn A\pimknpXv. AXn\m
Bbpp \ne\npnStmfw _ewimcocnIambpw
am\knIambpw B[ymnIambpw kmZnWw. _ew _e
]Xmw Nmlw tXPkv tXPkzn\malw. Fv `Khm KoXbn
_es {]iwknppv.
D]\njpIfpsS Hcp imn]mTw Cs\bmWv,
Hmw `{Zw ItW`nx irWpbma tZhmx.
`{Zw ]tiyam`nbP{Xmx.
nssccwssKkvXpjvSphmwkkvX\q`nx.
hytia tZhlnXw bZmbpx
AXpsImv thZm]T\ns\mw Xs _ew h
nnphm\pw \ne\nphm\pw C{nbm`nam\n tZhXIsf
kvXpXnphm\pw {]oXnsSpm\pw adcpsXw.
KpcpcphmN
t{imt{X{nbky ZnK[nssZhXw.
XzKn{nbky hmbpc[nssZhXw.
Npcn{nbky kqtcymf[nssZhXw.
ckt\{nbky hcptWmf[nssZhXw.
{LmtW{bkymizn\otZhXmh[nssZhXw.
hmKn{nbkymnc[nssZhXw.
]mWo{nbky Ct{mf[nssZhXw.
21
]mtZ{nbky hnjvWpc[nssZhXw.
]mbzn{nbky arXypc[nssZhXw.
Kptly{nbky {]Pm]Xnc[nssZhXw. 47
Kpcp D]tZinpp, sNhnIp ZnpIfmWv A[nssZ
hXw, Xzn\p hmbp A[nssZhXw, IpIv kqcy A[n
ssZhXw, \mhn\p (cpNnv) hcpW A[nssZhXw, aqn\p
Aizn\o tZhXI A[nssZhXw, hmn\p An A[nssZh
Xw, ssIIp C{ A[nssZhXw, ]mZp hnjvWp
A[nssZhXw, aeZzmcn\p arXyp A[nssZhXw, aq{Xmib
n\p {]Pm]Xn A[nssZhXw.
C{nbmWma[n`qXw N {ipWp
t{imt{X{nbky t{imXhya[n`qXw.
t\t{X{nbky ZrjvShya[n`qXw.
XzKn{nbky kv]it\mf[n`qXw.
ckt\{nbky ck{KlWa[n`qXw.
{LmtW{nbky K{KlWa[n`qXw.
hmKn{nbky hhya[n`qXw.
]mWo{nbky ZmXhya[n`qXw.
]mtZ{nbky Ka\a[n`qXw.
]mbzn{nbky hnkP\a[n`qXw.
D]t{nbky DP\a[n`qXw.
khmWn IcWm\n kzkztZhXm\p{KlssWh
kzkzhnjbm Pm\n.
AX Gh PUm\n Xm\n Xzw \ `hkn. 48
C\n Cu C{nbfpsS {]h\taJe hWnpp.
t{imt{X{nbn\p tIhn sNhnIfneqsS tIsSpXv
taJe, ImWsSpsXmw t\t{X{nbn\p taJe,
sXmSpsXmw Xzn\v, cpNnmhpsXmw ckt\{nb
n\v, aWmhpsXmw {LmtW{nbn\v, ]dbmhp
sXmw hmKo{nbn\v, sImSpmhpsXmw ssIIv,

22
t]mIphm Ignbp CSsamw ]mZv, hnkPnmhp
sXmw ]mbp (aeZzmc) C{nbn\v, Fns\. Cu Fm
IcWfpw AhbhbpsS tZhXbpsS A\p{KlmemWv
kzhnjbfn {]hnpXv . ChnsS {][m\ambn
AdntbsXsm, Hmtcm C{nbn\pw X\Xp taJ
ebvpdp {]thinphm IgnbpIbn. AXn\m Chsb
mw Xs PUhkvXp am{Xw.
injy DhmN t`m kzman! kXyw. C{nbmWn PUm\oXn
aa m\w PmXw. ]cw a\ Ghmlw. kzt a\kn
]iyman irtWman XZ`mth \ ]iyman \ irtWman AX
Gh a\ Ghmlw. 49
Ctm injy ]dbpp Atbm Kpcp\mYm, C{nb
PU Fp m\w Ctm F\np iambn
t_m[ysp. Fn a\mWp Rm Fp IcpXnqtS.
Fs a\v kzambncnptm Rm ImgvNI ImWp
p tIthsb tIpp. a\v AkzamIptm
Cu {]hnIfnsempw hym]cnphm Ignbpn. AXp
sImp a\p XsbmtWm Rm?
KpcpcphmNt`m h! a\x IYw Xzw `hkn? ta a\x
CZm\ow kam[m\Xbm XnjvTXoXy\p`hmXv a\tkmf]n
`n Gh Xzw a\kvXh Zriyw. a\kkvXzw a\kvXhm
[o\XzmmX Gh at\m \ `hkn. {]mtW ]iyman
irtWman {]mWm`mth \ ]iyman \ {iptWman AX Gh. 50
Kpcp Ipt, \o Fs\ a\mhpw? \o a\p kz
amb Ahsbpdnp ]dphtm? Fs a\p Ctm
kam[m\nemWv Fns\bp NnI FmWp
kqNnnpXv? Fs a\v Fp ]dbWsan, a\n
s\ FtXv Fp ]dbpXpw a\n \np hyXykvXhpamb
astm HmWp \o Ft hyamIpXv?. a\v \n\p
A\p`htbmKyamb hkvXphmIbm \ns A[o\Xbn D

23
Hcp ]cnanXamb Hp am{XamWp a\v. \o a\ns\ Ipdnp
]dsXmw Xs {]mWinpw _m[IamWtm. tZl
n {]mW DXpsImp ImWpp, tIpp, {]mW
CmXmhptm ImWpn, tIpn Fns\.
injy DhmNt`m kzman! kXyw. at\m \ `hman _pym
\nntXftY at\m [mhXn. AX Gh _pntchmlw.
km]yxIcWhrnXzmXv. AX Gh {]mW Gh
Alakvan. 51
Kpcp\mYm, Ctm F\np asmcp kXyw shfnsp.
_pn \nbn Ans ]nmsebmWp a\p kcn
pXv. AXpsImp _pnbmWp Rm. _pnbn A\p
\nanjw AxIcWhrnI \SpXpsImp CXp PU
a. Cu AxIcWhrnIp _pnbn {]tNmZ\w
sImSpp {]mW XsbmIpp Rm.
KpcpcphmN t`m h! {]mWkvXzw \ `hkn PUXzmXv. 52
Kpcp aIt\, Cu {]mW\pw shdpw PUhkvXp am{Xw
AXpsImp \o {]mW\pamIpn.
injyx t`m kzman! {]mtWm PUx IYw?
Kpcpx irWp cm{Xu {]kp]vXky ]pcpjky hkvXq\n
tNmtcm KrlnXzm KXn XZm\ow {]mWmkvXnjvTtXyh.
IYw \mh_p[ytX. AX Gh PUx. 53
injy Kptcm! {]mW Fs\bmWp PUamIpXv?
Kpcp tItmfq. Hcm FImXbn cm{Xn DdnnS
ptm AbmfpsS hkvXp Im A]lcnpsIm
pt]mIpp Fncns. Abm Ddptmgpw {]mW
{]h\aamWtm. Fn FpsImv Abm Dd
n \npw FgptsSpn. AXpsImp {]mW\pw
PUw Xs.
injyx - t`m kzman! {]mtWm PUtXv PUicocw

24
IYw tNjvSbXn PUky tNX\mtbmKmXv. 54
KpcptZhm, {]mW PUamsWn, {]mW\p PUi
cocw Fs\bmWp NenpXv? {]mW DnStmfw Iew
PohnI tNX\bphcmbn ImWsSpptm!
Kpcpx irWp PUkym]n PUNmeIXzw temtI ZrjvS
akvXn bYm NamcpXx Krtlm]cnnXXrWmZo
\`kn {`mabnXzm\y{X ]mXbXn. InmhXm hmbp
ssX\yw `hXn hm. Ghw {]mWkym]n tZltNjvS
IXzw. AX Gh {]mtWmf]n Xzw \ `hkn. 55
Kpcp tItmfq, PUhkvXpfpw Nnetm ssNX\y
aphbmbn ImWsSpw. inbmb Imnsv Hcp Krln
s D]cnXenep s]mSn]Sew A\y{]tZip hogpXp
ImWmdnt? Fphv B inbp Imv ssNX\yapXm
sWp ]dbmdntm. AXpt]msethWw {]mWs NmeIi
ntbbpw ImWphm . AXpsImp \o {]mW\pw A Xs.
ItTm]\njp ]dbpp
\ {]mtW\ \m]mt\\ atXym PohXn I\
CXtcW Xp Pohn bkvantXmhp]m{inXu. (I.D.2.2.5)
Hcp a\pjy\pw {]mWs\smpw A]m\s\smp
a PohnpXv. Chbvp cn\pw B{ibambnp asmcp
ssNX\ywsImmWv PohnpXv.
FpsImmWv C{]Imcw ]p\hnNn\w sNbvX
PUhkvXpsfsbmw Xncndnp ]pdn Bmhns\
AdnbWw Fp ]dbpXv? KoXbn `Khm ]dbpp
hmkmwkn PoWm\n bYm hnlmb
\hm\n KrlvWmXn \tcmf]cmWn
XYm icocmWn hnlmb PoWm
\y\ym\n kwbmXn \hm\n tZlo. (`.Ko.2.22)
Cu Bmhv Hmtcm Imepw [cnncnp tZlw,
{]mW, a\v Fns\bp PUhkvXpsfsbmw
asmcp Imev ]pdsdnv (Pon hkv{Xsftmse)

25
A\ysf FSpWnbpp. Hcp hkv{Xw F{XXs hne
tbdnbXmbmepw AXns\ a\pjy\mbn KWnm Ignbm
Xpt]mse PUfmb tZlw, {]mW, a\v Chsbmpw
Xs Bmhmbn KWnm Ignbn.
injyx - t`m kzman! XzZmbm GXhalw \
`hman. XmhXm aa tIm em`x? 56
injy kzmao, AbpsS D]tZia\pkcnv Cu ]db
ssXmw Fs bYm kzcq]w Asp sXfnXn
\m Ahsbsbmw Rm ssIshSnbm XmdmWv. Atm
sg\np FhnsSbmWp \ne\n]v?
Kpcpx Atc injy! kmh[m\Xbm irWp. GXXv khw
k]vXZiIw enwKicocw Xzw bZm \ `hkn. XZm\ow
tZhXncyMva\pjymZnPmZnIw \mkvXn. bYm Pm\p
`]wtKmcnh Ka\mKa\w Xh \mkvtXyh. 57
injym, atbmsS tItmfq. F{]ImcamtWm tad
hkvXpsfmpw Xs bYmn \ob Fp
ImWmhpXv, A{]Imcw Xs \n\p a\pjy\mtbm, ap
PohnIfmtbm, tZhXIfmtbm D Pw bYmn kw`
hnpn. I_w aqew As\bp P \o Nnc
Imeambn FSpncnpp F hkvXpX Bmhn\p _m[I
a. \o khym]nbmbXn\m \n\p HcnSp\npw asm
cnSp t]mhpIsbXpw km[yaXs.
`Khm KoXbn hntijnnpp: (13.13,13.14)
khXx]mWn]mZw XhtXmfnintcmapJw
khXx {ipXnatmtI khamhrXy XnjvTXn
kth{nbKpWm`mkw kth{nbhnhPnXw
Akw kh`rssh \nKpWw KpWt`mr N.(`.Ko.13.13,14)
AXv (]c{_w) FmbnSpw ssIImepIfpXpw
FmbnSpw Ipw Xebpw apJhpw ImXpIfpapXpamWv.
Fsm AXv temIv kIeXnepw hym]nv nXnsN
pp. AXv Fm C{nbhnjbsfbpw AdnbpXpw Fm

26
 C{nbclnXhpamWv. BknbnmXncnss kI
eXnt\bpw [cnpIbpw `cnpIbpw sNpp. \nKpWambn
cnss KpWsf A\p`hnpIbpw sNpp.
injyx t`m kzman! XzXv{]kmZmtZh kXyw ]cw N
{]mWat\m _pn Zti{nb ka\znXw. A]oIrX
`qtXmw kpvamwKw t`mKkm[\w. t`m kzman!
GXhw Alw \ `hman Xln tImflanXn amalw
\ Pm\man. Ir]bm kzman\m hhyw. 58
injy Kpcp\mYm! AbpsS A\p{Klm Rm
{]mWt\m, a\tm, _pntbm, C{nbtfm ]`qXfm
\nnXamb ap bmsXmptam A F kXym\n
Ddp hpIgnp. Fm Chsbmpw Rm\ Fp
hcnIn ]ns Rm\mcv? F\ndnbm Ignbpntm.
Zbhmbn ApXs F\np]tZinp Xmepw.
Kpcpx t`m injy! CZtah Xh ImcWicocw IYw? t`m
injy Atc khw Pm\mkn kzmm\tah \ Pm\maoXn
hZkn. CZtah Xhmm\w kthjmw qekqva
icocmWmw ImcWXzmXv ImcWanXym`n[obtX. Cbta
hmhnZym kwkmcm\YZmbn\o. B{_ mss\I
\nebm Akym \nhrntch apnx. apapn`nx
{]bXvss\ ]cnlXhym. 59
Kpcp tl injym, Fs\bmWv CXp \ns bYm
icocamhpXv? \n\p ]eXpw Adnbmw Fnepw kzw
Bmhns\ Adnbpn Fp ]dbpp. CXpXsbmWv
Am\sap ]dbppXv. qeamIs kqvaamIs Fm
icocpw Hcp ImcWanmsX Xcantm!Fnv
AXns\,B ASnm\ImcWns\ Adnbpn Fp ]d
bpXmWp AhnZy, kwkmcPohnXnse Fm A\
pw aqew Cu AhnZybmIpp. Fmnepw IpSnsImp
]c{_m\n ebnpXmWv CXn\p GI \nhr

27
n. AXp XsbmWp apn. tamw Imwnp Fmh
cmepw k{]bXv\tmSpw ]cn{ianp Cu AhnZysb \nhm
cWw sNtXmIpp.
KoXbn `Khm,
DtcZm\mm\w \mm\ahkmZtbXv
Bssh lymt\m _pcmssh cn]pcm\x.(`.Ko.6.5)
ss_yw am kva Kax ]mY ss\Xzp]]ZytX
p{Zw lrZbZu_eyw XytzmnjvT ]c].(`.Ko.2.3)
injyx t`m kzman! IYw ]cnlXhym? 60
injy Kpcp\mYm! Cu AhnZysb Fs\ \njvIm
k\w sNmw!
Kpcpx Atc injy! Xztah amflw \ Pm\maoXn hZkn.
Xln Xztmf\yx tImf]n hZXn hm? hm t{imXm
{ZjvSm Xztah. 61
Kpcp injym! \o Xsbt kzbw Adnbpn Fp
]dbpXv. B \o XsbmWp Cu ImWpsXmw. hm
hpw t{imXmhpw {ZjvSmhpamb \o XsbmWp CsXmw.
injyx AkvantY {ipXnx {]amWw hXtX hm? 62
injy CXn\p {ipXn{]amWw Fsnepw Dtm?
Kpcpx Atc h! kthjmw thZmm\mw Ass{Xh
{ipXnhmIyw {]amWw. 63
Ipt, Dtm. Fm imkv{Xfnepw hv D ]ca
{]amWamb {ipXnhmIyw CXpXsbmIpp.
ChnsS Kpcp injys tNmZyv \ymbklnXw D
cw Xr]vXnIcamw hn[w \Inb nXnv ap {]amWw At\z
jnt Imcyaptm F tNmZyapZnpp. AXn\p adp]Sn
CXmWv. Hcp Adnhv F{Xam{Xw hnNmcw sImpw ImcyImcW
\ymbklnXw D]tZiw \Inbmepw AXv kzm\p`hneqsS
kmmXvIcnm am{Xta AXp ncamb Adnhmbn \ne\n

28
pIbpq. D]\njZv [w kmmXvImcn A[njvTn
XamWv.
apI{ipXn ]dbpt]mse `nZytX lrZb{Kniv
OnZyt khkwibmx F \nebvv, k kwib
pw adp]Sn e`npXp B ]c{_s t\cn A\p`h
thZyamptm am{XamWv.
As\ kmmXvImcw knnnp EjoizcmcpsS
AdnhmIbm {ipXnbvp ]ca{]amWw F \nehp.
\m\ytXmfkv a n hm \m\ytXmfkv a n t{imXm \m\y
tXmfkvan am \m\ytXmfkvan {ZjvSm tNXn tb\ hm ]iy
Xn tb\ hm irtWmXoXymZn {]amWm\n _lq\n kn. 64
ChnsS Kpcp _rlZmcWytIm]\njn\npw Dcn
pp.
Cu (]c{_n\p)AmsX asmcp hmthm t{imXm
thm a\\w sNpbmtfm {ZjvSmthm C. bmsXmmtWm
ImWsSpXv, tIsSpXv AXp Cu ]c{_w Xs
Fns\bp A\h[n {]amW Dv.
{Xnjp [makp bZvt`mKyw t`mm t`mKm bZv`thXv.
tXt`ym hneWx kmo Nnmt{Xmflw kZminhx 65
CXp ssIhteym]\njn (18) \nmWv . Pm{KXv ,
kz]v\, kpjp]vXn Fosbm AhIfnepap Fm
t`mKfnepw t`mPyfnepw t`mmfnepw hnfptmgpw
Ahbn\nsmw hyXykvXambn kmnbmbpw Nnm{Xm
kzcq]ambpw hnp, Fmbvtmgpw inhw(awKf)Ic
\mb B ]c{_mhv XsbmIpp Rm.
kvarXnc]n t{Xw Nm]n amw hnn kh`qXkvX
amm\anXn. 66
CXp KoXbn \npw DcnXmWv. CXns ]qcq]w
Xmsg sImSppp.
t{Xw Nm]n amw hnn khtt{Xjp `mcX

29
t{Xt{Xtbmm\w bPvm\w aXw aa.(`.Ko.13.2)
kIeicocfnepw t{X\mbn(Pohmmhmbn)
hnpXv Rm\msWdnbpI. Cu t{Xnt\bpw
t{Xt\bpw AdnbpXmWv m\w.
kh`qXamm\w kh`qXm\n Nm\n
CutX tbmKbpmm kh{X kaZi\x. (`.Ko.6.29)
khhym]nbmb A\ssNX\yn GIo`mth\
hnp Bmhph\pw, Fmnt\bpw ka`mth\
ImWph\pamb tbmKn, Bmhv kakvX`qXfnepw IpSn
sImpXmbpw, kakvX`qXfpw Bmhn nXnsNp
Xmbpw ImWpp.
]pcmWw N
kIe anZalw N hmkptZhx ]ca]pam]ctaizc GIx
CXn aXncNem `hXy\t lrZbKtX {hP Xm\znlmb ZqcmXv.
Cu tmI {iohnjvWp]pcmWn \nsSpnp
XmIpp. (hn.]p.3.7.32baKoXm)
Cu kIe{]]hpw Rm\pw CsXmamb Fmw ]ca
]pcpj\pw ]ctaizc\pw GI\pamb hmkptZh XsbmIp
p. Cs\ `Khm A\s\tmsebp ]hn{Xamb
_pn BcpsS lrZbnemtWm DXv Ahcn \npw
hfsc AIp \onbmepw (CXv ba[ kzIncmp
sImSpp D]tZiamWv.)
Ghw hnmt\\ kzmmcmax k bkvXnjvTXn k
{_ k inhx k lcnx tk{x tkmfcx ]cakzcmSv. 68
Cu hnm\n kzmmcma\mbn BcmtWm \ne
sImpXv Ah {_mhpXs. AhXs inh\pw lcn
bpw C{\pw acWanm Achpw ]caamb kzcmpw (]c
taizc\pw). (CXns Dcmw \mcmbWkqn
\npw FSpnpXmWv.)
tPymXowjn hnjvWp`ph\m\n hnjvWp
h\m\n hnjvWpKnctbm Znim
30
\Zyx kap{Zm k Gh khw
bZkvXn bmkvXn N hn{]hcy. 69
Atbm hn{]]cy! XmcmKW, {XntemI, h\
, ]hX, ZniI, \ZnI, kap{Zw XpSnbhsbmw
hnjvWpXsbmIpp. AXpt]mse DXpw CmXpamb
Fsmaptm AsXmw hnjvWphmsWdnbpI.
(Cu tmIw hnjvWp]pcmWn (hn.]p.2.12.38) \nsSp
npXmIpp.)
GXmZrti\m\p`th\ injybpx k kzm\q`h
nXnw ZibXn. 70
CXn\ptijw Kpcp\mY injy\p {_m\w A\p`
hthZyamnbXn\p tijw injy kzw Bm\p`qXn {]IS
ampp
\ ln _]Zw \ ln tam]Zw \ ln ]m]]Zw \ ln
]Zw. \ ln cn]Zw \ ln ]qW]Zw Inw tcmZnjn am\
k khkaw. Atlm Alw \tam alyw Ztm \mkvXo
Xn aax.
Akwkv]iicotcW tb\ hnizw Nncw [rXw. abn
kpJt_m[]tbm[u alXn {_m _pZ_pZkl
{kw. ambmatb\ acpXm `qXzm `qXzm ]p\kvXntcm[t.
lhyalw Ihyalw tltbm]mtZb`mhiqt\ymflw.
lcnclakvan ltcmflw hn[nc]ylakvan ImcWw
tXjmw. [am[atbmflw [am[amZn_clntXm
flw. [manIP\kqet`mflw [t\ymfkvan [mXqcmZn
`qtXmflw. at\ymflakvan alXmw aaXo\mw am\\o
tbmf lw. aZ am\ cmK tamlnX am\k Zphmk\m Zpcm
t]mflw. \mlw \aman tZhm GtX \akyn N \nXyw
amw. ax ]cXtcm \mkvXn Nnmt{Xmflw kZminhx.
InanZw Inaky cq]w IYanZapZ`qZapjy tIm tlXpx.

31
CXn \ IZm]n Nnyw. Nnyw amtbXn [oaXm hnizw. 71
F\np _ptfm tamtam ]m]tam atsXnepw
D]m[ntbm C. F\nv Fmw kaambn ImWsSpphtm
tl a\t, FhnsStmbn \ns hyk\w! Atlm Fs al
Xzw! Rm Fss \ans! F\np Xpeyambn asm
pan (Bmhns alXzs shphm Fn\p Ignbpw!)
BcmtWm Ifkv]itamsX Xs Cu hnizw
apgph Fmbvtmgpw \ne\npXv B Fs ]cam\
kap{Zn A\h[n tImSm\ptImSn {_m hnf
pp Ah Fs ambminbm hopw hopw P\npw
\inpw sImncnpp. Rm XsbmIpp Anbn
A np lhnpw Ihnpw. F\np Bcn \npw Hpw
t\Sphmt\m Dt]nphmt\m C. Rm Xs lcn,
[hpw A[hpw Hw [tmSpw A[tmSpw
D _w IqSmsXbp \nebpw Rm Xs. [mnIcmb
k\fp [\y\mb Rm [mXpfpsSbpw DZv`hhpam
Ipp. Rm alppw am\y\mWv, a_pnIfm
tmepw _lpam\y\mWp Rm. F\np aZtam A`nam\tam
cmKtam a\ns atsXnepw Zphmk\tbm C. Rm
Hcp tZht\bpw \anpn, adnv Cu tZhIsfmw Fs
bmWv \nXyw \anpXv. FpsImsm Fn \npw
A\yambn bmsXmpw Xsbn Rm Nnb\mb
kZminh\mIpp.
Cu temIw Fs\ Dmbn, FmWv CXns cq]w,
FmWnXns tlXp, Fns\bp NnIp C\n
m\an! Fsm Cu hnizsamwXs Fs ambm
inXs Fp shfnspIgnp.
KpcpssWh \mhm {]m\`mKbm\pIqeamcptX\.
ZplZpxJXcwtKmwpwK kwkmc kmKtcmoWx.
icWw \ ln aa P\\o kptXm \ tkmZcmt\y.
]caw icWw CZw ta NcWw aa aq[v\n tZinI\ykvXw. 72

32
 C{Xbpw B\m\p`qXnbpsS \nebn \np ]dnp
injy, X\np Cun[w {_m\w ]Ip \Inb
Kpcp\mYs\ hopw hopw {]Ionpp.
Kpcp\mY XsbmWv F\nv kwkmckap{Zw ISm
D]Icn IembnoXv. Fs ]qP]pWy^eamb
A\pIqeambn `hn Imn\m klmbns KpcphmIp
I Fs adpIcbnsenp. Fn[amb kmKcamWp
Rm adnISXv? Zplhpw A\h[n ZpxJfmIp Hmf
fpw NpgnIfpw Hsbmbnp Cu kwkmcamIp almkm
KcamWp Rm ISXv. F\np icWw Fs Atbm
aIt\m ktlZcmtcm ap Bscneptam A. F\np
]caamb icWw Fs Kpcp \mY am{Xw. Kpcpth AbpsS
B XrmeSnI Fs incn hmepw.
BkvtX tZinINcWw \nch[ncmkvtX aZotW IcpWm.
BkvtX Ina]n XZpw InanXx]cakvan Pkm^eyw. 73
Kpcphns ]mZIaew, Kpcp\mYs A]cnanX kvt\l
n IpXn Aaqeyamb A\p{Klw, Kpcp\mY ]Ip
\Ip Adnhv Ch aqpw Dsn ]ns PohnXn
asmWp thXv? Pkm^eyn\p asmWp thXv!
Cs\ `nhmbvt]mSp IqSnbp injys DZocW
n Cu {Kw kam]npp.
CZw m\w ]cw t{ijvTw kXmw kwaXamZcmXv
bx irtWmXn N ta[mho k aptm \m{X kwibx. 74
C\n ^e{ipXnbmWv.
Cu {Kn sImSpncnp ]cahpw t{ijvThp
ambXpw Fmbvtmgpw k\fm BZcthmsS kzoIcn
sSp m\w GsXmcp _pnam\mtWm tIpXv
Ah tamw{]m]npw FXn kwiban.
CXn {io]calwk]cn{hmPImNmcy {ioaXv
icmNmcyhncNnX_met_m[kw{Klx kam]vXx
Hmw XXv {_mWakvXp.

33