BcmWv k`m]nXmm

^m. tUm. sI. Fw. tPmv

BcmWv k`m]nXmm?
]uckvXy HmtUmIvkv ]mccynepw ]mmXy (tdma Itmenm) ]mccynepw k`m
]nXmmv kp{][m\amb Hcp m\apv. k`bpsS hnizmkw, thZimkv{Xw FnhbnemWp ]nXm
mv B[nImcnIamb m\w \mw sImSppXv. F.Un. 325se \nJym kpltZmkn\p tijw,
"]nXmmcpsS hnizmkw' F {]tbmKw k`bn thcpdp. Adntbmkns thZhn]coXns\Xnsc,
k`bpsS kXyhnizmkamWp \nJymbn IqSnb ]nXmm {]Jym]nXv. Atm "]nXmmcpsS
hnizmkw' F {]tbmKnmWp "]nXmmsc' s]mXphmb An kXyhnizmk kwc
Im Fp \nNnmw. As\sbn, kXyhnizmkw kwcn \psS ]qnIm Fm
hcpw k`m]nXmmcmtWm, AtXm B _lpaXn GXm\pw Nnep am{Xambn k` amnhncnpI
bmtWm?
"BcmWv k`m]nXmm' F tNmZyn\p hfsc hyamb Hcpcw \Im ]uckvXy ]mc
cyw aSnpp. Fm tdma Itmenm k` AXn\p Nne hyamb am\Z Ip]nSn
m {iannpv. AXp ]nmse ImWmw. k`m]nXmm, ]nXmmcpsS hnizmkw F cv ]pcm
X\ {]tbmKfpsS ]mew kqNnntXpv.
blqZ]mew
blqZmcpsS thZ]pkvXIn ({InkvXob thZnse ]gb\nbaw) ]nXmm F {]tbmKw
km{XnIambnpv. HcmfpsS kzw ]nXmhp apX apIfntev IpSpw_nepw hwinepws] ]qn
IscbmWv ChnsS ]nXmm Fp kqNnnpXv. kzm`mhnIambpw Ch c_ap ]qnIcm
Wv. tKm{X kwkvImcn Cu ]qnI F{X Xeapdbvv apphcmsWnepw ]nXmmcmWv.
ss__nfn \Inbncnp hwimhenIfn CXv hyamWv (]pXnb\nban am. 1:17, eqtm.
3:2338 Fnhbpw ]gb\nban \nch[n ]nIIfpapv). Cs\ s]mXphmbn blqZm AhcpsS
]nXmmsc Hmppsnepw, Ahcn Nne hynIsf khntijambn kvacnpp. Ah F{_m
bmcpsS Ncn{Xnse \mgnIpIfmWv. DZmlcWambn A{_lmw, Cklmv, bmtm_v Fnh.
Ahcns {]tXyInpw A{_lmw. A{_lmw hwim]I\mWv. Cklmv Znhy hmKvZm\ns
\nhrnbmWv, C{kmtb P\XbpsS t]cnsbpw X\nabpsSbpw ImcWmc\mWv bmtm_v. kz
cmPyn \ssbmw "A{_lmansbpw Cklmnsbpw bmtm_nsbpw aSnbn {]mnWta'
FmWtm kpdnbm\n {InkvXym\nIfpsS {]m\. F{X hnizhnimeamb aSnbmbncnpw AhcptSXv!
C{kmtb P\XbpsS tKm{XkvarXnbpsS _mn]{XamWv Cu {]m\bpw. AX\pkcnv F{X Xeap
dIfpsS Acapmbmepw \msamw GI icocambn \psS tKm{X ]nXmmcpsS aSnbntev aS
pp. NnXdntmb XeapdI AhcpsS Ddhbntev Xncnsn IqntsSpp. ss]XrIw FXv
sFIyntbpw X\nabpsSbpw kzXzt_m[nsbpw {]XoIamhpp. AXn\mWv ]mccyw (Tradi-
tion) Fv s]mXpsh ]dbpXv. blqZm ]etmgpw Cu ss]XrIsn AXncpIS A`nam\w
ImWnv AXv Almc {]IS\n\pw aphsc ]pnpXn\pw D]m[nbmnbnpv. AhnS
bns, "]m]nIsfbpw Npmscbpw'' Ffnbhscbpw \nnphm\pw CXv D]tbmKnp. ss]XrI
ns AYhm ]mccyns Ccw lo\amb D]tbmKns\Xnsc tbip{InkvXp hnhIcamb
{]Xntj[apbn. Xm kuJyamnb Iq\nbpw AKXnbpamb kv{Xosb "A{_lmans aI' Fpw
Xm am\kmcsSpnb Npmc\mb kmbnsb "A{_lmans aI' Fpw ]ckyambn hnti
jnnp. Hcp blqZ hynv e`nmhp Ghpw henb _lpaXnbmWv Imhv Ahv \InbXv.
ss]XrI ]mccysnbp blqZ{]amWnamcpsS kev]n\v ISIhncpambncpp CXv.
ZmhoZv BWv C{kmtb Ncn{Xnse asmcp \mgnIv. ZmhoZns ]Whpw knwlmk\hpw \n
mbIambncpp. aninlm hcpXv ZmhoZns ]p{X\mbn hnip \Kcn Ahs knwlmk\n\v
AhIminbmbnmbncnpw Fv Ah ]Tnnp. AtmgmWv Hpanm \t{kn \nv shdpw
Xs aI ""ZmhoZp]p{X\m''sWv bdpitew \Kcn Hmim\ kvXpXnItfmsS P\w Bphnfn
Xv. ChnsSbpw, A[nImcm\fnencp blqZaXmymcpsS ]mccyss]XrI kev]
XISnp.
{InkvXob k`bn
{InkvXobk`bn "ss]XrIw' F hmn\v Hcp hiv blqZ [mcWtbmSv hfsc ISmSpv. adph
iv tbip{InkvXp AXn\v Xopw ]pXnsbmcp Aw \In. tKm{Xw, hwimhen, c_w Fn
hsbmpw {InkvXob ss]XrIkn C. ImcWw {InkvXphns kphntijw PmXobhpw hwio
bhpw `mjm]chpamb Fm thenspIpw D]cnbmbn kIe a\pjyhsbpw HmbnmWm\pw
Fm h scbpw ssZh a fmbn Icp Xm \p amWv ]Tn n p Xv . ""\psS ]nXm m'' F {]tbmKw
{InkvXob k`bnepapv. ]t kpNnX hwiobmne. temIcI\mb tbip{InkvXphn
hnizknbpw XfpsS PohnXw aqew {InkvXphns kvt\ln\v kmyw hlnbpw ssZhcmPy
ns \oXnbpw kam[m\hpw kaqln ssIhcpphm {]bXv\nbpw sNbvX Fmhcpw s]mXp
hmb An k`m]nXmmcmWv. ]nXmm FXnse ]pnwKkqN\ {InkvXob kphntij
shfnn tNmZyw sNstSXmWv. hmkvXhn "]nXmmcpsS ]mccyw' BymnIambn
cq]sSppXnepw ]nXeapdbvv ]Ip sImSppXnepw \nmbI]p hlnpXv Aam
cmWv. Fm kv{XoIfpw Aamcpw \n_vZcpw AZriycpamWv. ]pcpjm[n]Xyap Fm kaql
fnepw `mjm{]tbmKhpw ]nXrtI{oIrXambnmWtm cq]sXv. ]gb `mjsbms Xncpm Nne
tm {]bmkamsWnepw, {]mtbmKnIambn AXv t`ZsSpm\mhpw. {InkvXphns icocamb k`bpsS
hnizmk]mccyw F ss]XrIs IcpnSnnbpw AXns\ ]IpsImSpbpw sNbvX Fmhsc
bpw, kv{Xo]pcpjt`Ztam, sshZnI Aamb hyXymktam, IqSmsX Dsmp thZhymJym\hpw Pohn
XssienbpamWv k` ]nXpStcXv.
C{Xbpw BapJambn ]dpsImv, Ctm AmZanIv hrfnepw ssZhimkv{X ]T\]XnI
fnepw \nehnep "ss]XrI' knms kqNnns.
Cwojn Partistic Asn Patrology Fp ]dbpXv ]pcmX\ {InkvXob KpcpmcpsSbpw thZ
imkv{XcpsSbpw cN\Ifpw Ahsbpdnp ]T\fpamWv. Npcpw Nne ]nXm Cu hmp
I Xn ............. HmtUmIvkv ssZhimkv{Xn Ahsb HmbnmWv ImWpXv.
Kpcp, ]nXmhv
hnip ]utemkv AtmkvXe sImcnyv FgpXptm, kzbw AhcpsS "]nXmhv' Fv hnti
jnnpp. ""\np {InkvXphn ]Xn\mbncw Kpcpm Dsnepw, ]nXmm Gsdbn. {InkvXp
tbiphn Rm\tm \nsf kphntijm P\nnXv'' (1 sImcn. 4:15). sImcnysc Bobambn
hopw P\nnXv hnip ]utemkmWv. AXpsImv Atlw AhcpsS bYm ]nXmhpw, bYm
KpcphpamWv. AXn]pcmX\Imew apX, `mcXob kwkvmcapssSbp ]e kwkvmcfnepw Kpcp
hn\p ]nXmhns m\amWp \evIpXv. ImcWw am\knIhpw Bobhpamb Xefn hynXz
ns DhhnImkv ImcW`qX KpcphmWv. {InkvXobk`bpsS BZna \qmpIfn Fn
kvtmm (_njv) amscbmWp ]nXmhv Fp hnfnphXv. CXn\p cp ImcWfpv. HmaXmbn,
FnkvtmmbmWp HutZymKnIambn {InkvXob hnizmkw ]Tnnp Kpcp FmWv kev]w. Fn
kvtmm {InkvXphns {]XoIhpw kmnyhpsa \nebn P\fpsS ayn \nesImp
XpsImv, {InkvXphns\tmse, P\sf hnizmkspdnv ]Tnnphm\p {][m\ NpaXe At
ln \nn]vXambncnpp. AtltmSv tNp\np sshZnIcpw simmcpw aphcpw
B _nemWv k`bn ]TnnpXv. cmaXmbn, P\p {InkvXphns \man kv\m\w
\In, Ahsc ]pXnb PohnXntep \bnm\p Hu]NmcnI NpaXebpw Fnkvtmmamm
Wv. sshZnI \ntbmK{]Imcw kv\m\w \Ippsnepw, bYm ImnI _njmWv FmWv
[mcW. BZy\qmpIfn, Dbnp s]cpmfn\p app BgvNIfn Fnkvtmm Xs hnizmk
spdnv kv\m\mnIsf ]TnnpIbpw, Dbnns Xtem Atlw Xs Ahsc kv\m\w
IgnnpIbpw sNbvXpt]mp. Cu cv NpaXeIfpw IWnseSppsImmWv Fnkvtmmsb
"]nXmhv' Fp hnfnpXv (tIcfnse Itmenmk`bn As\bmWv _njns\ hnfnp
Xv. HmtUmIvkv k`bn {_mW ]utcmlnXyns ad ]nSnpw, ^yqU hyhnXnbpsS Ah
injvSambpw "Xncpta\n' Fp hnfnpp.).
\memw \qmtmSp IqSn "]nXmhv' F ]Zw IpsdqSn hnimeamb An D]tbmKnp XpSp
Xmbn ImWmw. thZhn]coX k`sb Debvp ImeLamWnXv. {InkvXob hnizmkn\p sskm
nIhpw _pn]chpamb cq]hpw LS\bpw DmIpXp \memw \qmtmSp IqSnbmWv. AeIvk{n
bmbnse Am\mtkymkv, ItmtZmIy ]nXmmcmb _tentbmkv, \mknbmknse {KotKmdn
tbmkv, \nmbnse {KotKmdntbmkv XpSnbhcmWv Cu Imebfhn {itbcmbXv. Adntbmkv, Atm
n\mcnkv, Fhpt\mantbmkv XpSnbhcpsS sXmb D]tZisf t\cnv, kXyhnizmkw FmsWv
hyamnbhcmWnh. ChcpsS ]pkvXIfns ""]nXmmcpsS hnizmkw'' F {]tbmKw
ImWmw. ]t, AXp \nJym hnizmk{]amWs DtinmWp ]dbpXv. Chscmw Xs taev]m
cmbncpp. ]nmev Chsc k`m]nXmmcmbn IcpXpIbpw sNbvXp. Fm \memw \qmn
Pohnncp am At{]w Hcp sim am{Xambncpp. Fnepw ]uckvXy k`bpsS henb ]nXmm
cn HcmfmWv Atlw.
Atm, k`m]nXmm Ahiyambpw taev]m\aph BbncnWw Fp \n_ansp
ImWmw. k`bpsS {]XnknLfn, kXyhnizmkw icnbmbn ]Tnnp k`sb \bnnp Kpcp
mcpw Cu t]cn\v AlcmWv. aqmw \qmn AeIv k{nbmbn Pohnncp HmdntKmt\mkv alm
\mb Hcp thZimkv{X Kpcphpw, ]nevmepmb ]e k`m]nXmmcpsS _lpam\ ]m{Xambncps
nepw, k` Atln\p ]nXmshtm Kpcpshtm D m\w \Ipn. ImcWw, AXn{]Xn`mim
enbmb Atlns D]tZifn NneXv kXyhnizmkn\p tbmPnmXmbncpp. k`m]nXm
m Fv Cp hnfnsSph anhmdpw FmhcpwXs thZimkv{X]cambpw hnizmkkw_
ambpw hfsc FgpXpIbpw {]kwKnpIbpw sNbvXnphcmWv.
tdma Itmenmk`bn, k`m]nXmshp hnfnsSp Hcmp \mep KpWfpmbncn
Wsap \njvjnncnpp: (1) kXyhnizmkw (2) hnip PohnXw (3) k`bpsS AwKoImcw ]mmtbm
kpltZmtkm ]nXmhmbn {]Jym]nncnWw. (4) ]ucmWnIX. Fm ]uckvXyk`bn hy
amb am\Z D]tbmKnpn. DZmlcWambn, k`m]nXmm hnizmk kwcIcmsWp
\mw IcpXppshnepw, AhcpsS hnipnbpsS \nehmcw Afphm \mw Xp\nbpn. ssZhn\p
am{Xta Hcphs hnipnsb Afphm Ignbq. AXpsImmWv ]cnipmcmbn {]Jym]np coXn
s]mXpsh ]uckvXy ]mccynenmXv. Ime{ItaWbpw, P\fpsS s]mXp kXw sImpamWv
Hcm hnip\mbn AdnbsSpXv. AmsX, HutZymKnI {]Jym]\w aqea. ]. ]cpae Xncpta\n
sbbpw btZm _mhmsbbpw ]noSv htcn Xncpta\ntbbpw hnipmcmbn {]Jym]nXp \psS
]mccynse ]pXnb kwKXnbmWv. AXpt]mse Xs, k`m]nXmmscmhcpw ]pcmX\ Imep
PohnhcmIWw Fp ]uckvXyk` \n_npn. \psS Imepw k`m]nXmmcpmImw.
DZm l c W ambn \psS k` bn \ho I cW{]m\w {]iv \ krjv Sn tm, hnizm k n c X
tbmSpIqSn, k`sb \bn ]. ]cpae Xncpta\n k`m]nXmsh m\w Alnpp. Npcpn,
k`m]nXmmcpsS ]nItbm ImeLtam IrXyambn ]cnanXsSpphm ]uckvXy ]mccyw Xm
dmIpn.
]t, \psS hn. Ipm\bnse "Xp_vtZ\n' \mw Hmp ]nXmmcpsS ]nI 8mw \qmp
sImv Ahkm\npp. F.Un. 700 \ncymX\mb \n\pthbnse am Cklmpw 708 \ncymX\mb
Ddlmbnse am bmtm_pamWv Ahkm\ambn Xp_vtZ\n m\w ]nSnXv. {Kop k`bnepw k`m]n
XmmcpsS ]nI 8mw \qmn Zakvtmknse tbmlm F henb ]nX\mb ]nXmhn
t\mSpIqSn Ahkm\npp. eo k`bn ]nXmmcpsS Imew 7mw \qmn "skhobn'se Ckn
tUm F ]nXmhnt\mSpIqSn Ahkm\npp. apIfnd aqp ]mccyfnepw 8mw \qmn\p
tijhpw AXn{]ikvXcmb ]nXmm Dmbnpv. ]t, 8mw \qmtmSp IqSn "]nXmmcpsS
]mccyw' Fp ]noSp hh hnfn kpZrVhpw GIoIrXhpamb Hcp ]mccyw DSseSpp Ign
ncpp. k`bpsS hnizmkmNmc, thZimkv{X hymJym\ Fnhbvsmw hyamb cq]`m
h \Ingnncpp Cu ]mccyw. Xqew AXn\p hnip {KtmsSmw B[nImcnIamb
Hcp m\w ]noSp hh \IpIbpw, k`bpsS ]nme Nnbn kp{][m\amb Hcm[mcambn
AXns\ IcpXpIbpw sNbvXp.
eo ]mccyn k`m]nXmmsc IqSmsX "k`mKpcpm' Fp hnfnsSp Hcp Iqw
BfpIfpv. k`mKpcp (Doctor of the church) F m\w ]mm HutZymKnIambn {]Jym]np \Ip
XmWv. ]nXmmp Bhiyamb KpW IrXyambn \nNnXpt]mse Hcmsf k`mKpcphmbn AwKo
Icnm aqp {]tXyI KpW Bhiyapv: (1) hnipn{]Jym]nX ]cnipmp am{Xta k`m
Kpcphmbnocm km[nq. (2) ssZhnI hnjbsfpdnp Bgtadnb Adnhv. (3) ]mmtbm kp
ltZmtkm k`mKpcphmbn AwKoIcnpsImp {]Jym]\w. ]uckvXyk`bpsS ]nXmhmb am At{]
ans\ 1920emWv eo k` k`mKpcphmbn AwKoIcnXv. I\yIadnbmans Aatem`h knms
]nmpXn\p am At{]ans Nne Km\ klmbnpw F [mcWbnemWv Atls k`mKp
cphmbn tdmamk` {]Jym]nXv Fp ]dbsSpp. "Ifanm', "\neamb' XpSnb hntij
am A{]w Xs IhnXIfn hnip I\yIbvp \Ippsnepw tdmm k` ]TnnpXp
t]msebp Aatem`h knmw Atltam, Atls _lpam\np kpdnbm\n ]mccytam
]Tnnpn. eo ]mccyn GItZiw 20 Kpcpmsc HutZymKnIambn AwKoIcnnps
nepw Ahcn Bwt{_mkv, BKkvXnt\mkv, Ptdmw, {KotKmdntbmkv ]mm (7mw \qmv) Fnhp
A{Knam\w \Ipp. AXpt]mse ]uckvXy ]mccyn ssIkcybnse am _tkentbmkv,
\mknbmknse am {KntKmdntbmkv, kz\mhpImc\mb am Cuhm\ntbmkv, AeIvkm{nbmbnse
am Am\mtkymkv Fnhp kp{][m\amb m\w \Inhcpp. eo k`bn ASpIm
ev cp kv{XoIp "k`mKpcp' F m\w \Inbncnpp Bhnembnse sXtckbpw knb
bnse ImXdn\pw. Ch cpw tdmamk`bpsS {]Jym]nX hnipIfmb cp I\ymkv{XoIfmbncpp.
]mmXy kIemimeIfn k`m]nXmmcpsS ImeLsbpw kw`mh\Isfbpw Ipdnp Ncn
{X]cambpw thZimkv{X]cambpw ]Tnp imkv{Xn\mWp patrology Asn Patristics Fp ]d
bpXv. ]t, CXp kXyhnizmkw ]men ]nXmmscpdnp ]T\a, {]XypX GsXnepw hn[
n k`tbmSp _sp {]hn Fm {InkvXob FgppImtcbpw ]cmainp ]T\amWv.
CXn k`m]nXmmcpw thZhn]coXnIfpw DsSpw. CXp imkv{Xobhpw hkvXp\njvThpamb ]T\am
Wv. kXyhnizmkamtWm thZhn]coXamtWm Cu FgppIm ]TnnXv Fv ChnsS At\zjnpn
. ]e ]pcmX\ `mjIfnepambn ChcpsS IWnm ssIsbgpp{]XnI C\nbpw shfnw ImWm
\pv. Ch {]km[\w sNpXn\pw Ncn{X]cambn ]TnpXn\pw ]mmXy kIemimeI apssI
sbSpppv.
Ahn`mPyk`bnse ]nXmmcpsS thZimkv{X kw`mh\Isfnbp ]T\ FIypsa\n
{]m\n\v Hcp apXqmbnpv. k`sb `nnn ]nme {]iv\p ]eXn\pw GIIWvT
amb Hcpcw e`npXn\v BZna k`m]nXmmscpdnp Adnhv hfsctbsd klmbnpw. k`
bpsS AJ]mccyns kmnIfmWv BZna]nXmm. XqeamWv Cpw Fm ]pcmX\ k`
Ifpw Cu ]nXmmcpsS A`n{]mbn\p kapXamb {]m[m\yw \IpXv. AtXkabw Xs,
\psS bmYmnXnI Nnbvpw Zpc`nam\n\pw Cs temIns {]iv\sf t\cnSm\p
ss[cypdhn\pw Hcp adbmbn ""]nXmmcpsS ]mccysbpw hnizmksbpw'' D]tbmKnm \mw
{ianppshn, AXp hfsctbsd Zb\obamWv. ]e ]uckvXy k`Ifnepw CXp Ipdsbms kw`hn
npv. BcnI ssNX\yhpw Itijnbpw CmsX, {InkvXphns NqSpw shfnhpw Dsmp
InPzenm IgnbmsX, `qXImentep Xncnncpp ""R ]nXmmcpsS hnizmkhpw ]mc
cyhpw Impkqnpp'' Fp ]dbp {InkvXob kaql bYmn k`m]nXmmsc
A] am \n bmWp sNp Xv . ImcWw {Inkv Xp hns Pohn Xhpw {Inkv Xob kphn ti jhpw a\pjy
bmYmys \nccw shphnfnpIbpw, AXns\ cq]mcsSppIbpw sNppshpw, k`sb
Fpw ]pXnb PohnXns A\p`hntep \bnv A\p\nanjw \hoIcnpp Fpw a\nemn
bhcmWp ]nXmm. AXpsImp {InkvXob hnizmks {InbmIambn a\nemphm\pw {]tbm
Kn hcpphm\pw Ah {ianp. {InkvXob hnizmkw AZv`pXIchpw k{]hWhpamb Hcp almi
nbmbn Ahcn \ndp \nncpp. tNX\b Hcp ]mccys Aambn A\pIcnhcmbn
cpp k`m]nXmm; ihpw {InbmIhpamb Hcp ]mccyns {kjvSmfmbncpp Ah.
(2012)