Agnosia

-Loss of ability to recognize objects, persons, sounds, shapes, or smells that occurs in the
absence of either impairment of the specific sense or significant memory loss.

Anorexia Nervosa
-An eating disorder characterized by maintenance of an abnormally low body weight, a
distorted body image, and intense fears of gaining weight; Significantly low weight is
defined as a weight that is less than minimally normal or, for children and adolescents, less
than that minimally expected.

Aphasia
-Impaired ability to understand or express speech.

Capgras syndrome
-Other more unusual delusions in which the person believes someone he or she knows has
been replaced by a double

Cotard’s syndrome
-In which the person believes he is dead

Cheyne-Stokes breathing
-Characterized by a pattern of periodic crescendo-decrescendo variation in tidal volume that
results in central apneas and hypopneas occurring at a frequency of at least five events per
hour that are accompanied by frequent arousals.

Circadian Rhythm sleep-wake disorders

-Sleep- wake disorders characterized by a mismatch between the body’s normal sleep-wake
cycle and the demands of the environment.

Childhood-onset fluency disorder

-Persistent stuttering, which is characterized by impaired fluency of speech

Cognitive Triad
-The view that depression derives from adopting negative views of oneself, the environment
or world at large, and the future.

Concordance Rate
-Refers to the percentage of cases in which both twins have the same trait or disorder

Conduct Disorder
-A psychological disorder in childhood and adolescence characterized by disruptive,
antisocial behavior.

Conversion disorder
-A somatoform disorder characterized by loss or impairment of physical function in the
absence of any apparent organic cause.
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
-A rare but fatal brain disease. It is characterized by the formation of small cavities in the
brain that resemble the holes in a sponge.

Dialectical behaviour therapy

-Promising treatment for borderline personality disorder that involves exposing the client
to stressors in a controlled situation, as well as helping the client regulate emotions and
cope with stressors that might trigger suicidal behavior.

Bulimia nervosa
-Eating disorder involving recurrent episodes of uncontrolled excessive (binge) eating
followed by compensatory actions to remove the food (for example, deliberate vomiting,
laxative abuse, and excessive exercise).

Binge-eating disorder (BED)

-Pattern of eating involving distress-inducing binges not followed by purging behaviors;
being considered as a new DSM diagnostic category.

Enuresis
-Failure to control urination after one has reached the expected age for attaining such
control.

Gender Dysphoria
- A psychological disorder characterized by strong and persistent discomfort or distress
about one’s biologic or anatomic sex.
-Refers to the distress that may accompany the incongruence between one’s experienced
or expressed gender and one’s assigned gender.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

-A type of anxiety disorder characterized by general feelings of dread and foreboding and
heightened states of bodily arousal.

Hypersomnolence
-Excessive sleepiness during the day or sleep drunkenness

Hypoventilation
-Means low breathing

Illness anxiety disorder

-A somatic symptom disorder characterized by unduly high levels of anxiety or concerns
about having a serious illness, even though physical symptoms are either absent or minor.

Somatic symptom disorder

-A psychological disorder characterized by excessive concerns about one’s physical
symptoms.
Intermittent explosive Disorder
-A type of impulse-control disorder characterized by impulsive aggression.

Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy (IPSRT)

-Treatment for bipolar and depressive that will help their circadian rhythm due to disruption
Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome
-An X-linked disorder, is characterized by ID, signs of cerebral palsy (spasticity or tightening
of the muscles), and self-injurious behavior, including finger and lip biting.

Manic episode
-Period of abnormally elevated or irritable mood that may include inflated self-esteem,
decreased need for sleep, pressured speech, flight of ideas, agitation, or selfdestructive
behavior.

Hypomanic episode
-Less severe and less disruptive version of a manic episode that is one of the criteria for
several mood disorders.

Narcolepsy
-Sleep disorder involving sudden and irresistible sleep attacks

NCD due to Alzheimer’s disease

-Condition resulting from a disease that develops most often in people 50 and older,
characterized by multiple cognitive defects that develop gradually and steadily.

NCD DUE to Huntington’s disease

-Neurological disorder that follows a subcortical pattern and is notable for causing
involuntary limb movements.

NCD due to Lewy Bodies

-Neurological impairment that affects people with Lewy body disease, in which protein
deposits damage brain cells and gradually cause motor impairments and loss of alertness.

NCD due to prion disease

-Rare progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by prions, proteins that can reproduce
themselves and cause damage to brain cells.

Nystagmus
-Involuntary usually rapid movement of the eyeballs occurring normally with dizziness

Neurodevelopmental disorders
-A category of mental disorders in the DSM-5 affecting children and adolescents that
involve impaired brain functioning or development.

Opponent process theory

-Explanation of drug tolerance and dependence suggesting that when a person experiences
positive feelings these will be followed shortly by negative feelings, and vice versa.
Eventually, the motivation for drug taking shifts from a desire for the euphoric high to a
need to relieve the increasingly unpleasant feelings that follow drug use. A vicious cycle
develops: the drug that makes a person feel terrible is the one thing that can eliminate
the pain.

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

-A psychological disorder in childhood and adolescence characterized by excessive
oppositionality or tendencies to refuse requests from parents and others.

Persistent depressive disorder

-A depressive disorder involving persistently depressed mood, with low self-esteem,
withdrawal, pessimism, or despair, present for at least 2 years, with no absence of
symptoms for more than 2 months.

Phencyclidine
-Dangerous synthetic hallucinogen, also called angel dust, that may cause agitated or
violent behavior, disorientation, convulsions, coma, and even death.

Prepared learning
-An ability that has been adaptive for evolution, allowing certain associations to be learned
more readily than others.

Pseudocyesis
-A false belief of being pregnant that is associated with objective signs and reported
symptoms of pregnancy.

Post-traumatic stress disorder

-A prolonged maladaptive reaction to a traumatic event.

Acute stress disorder

-A traumatic stress reaction occurring during the month following exposure to a traumatic
event.

REM sleep behavior disorder

-A sleep-wake disorder characterized by vocalizing parts of a dream or thrashing about
during a dream.

Restless legs syndrome

-An urge to move the legs, usually accompanied or caused by uncomfortable and unpleasant
sensations in the legs

Sexual aversion disorder

-A persistent or recurrent extreme aversion to, and avoidance of, all or almost all, genital
sexual contact with a sexual partner which causes distress or interpersonal difficulty.
Specifiers: bipolar and depressive disorders
-anxious distress, mixed features, rapid cycling (BP 1&2), melancholic features (BP 1, MDD &
PDD), atypical features (BP 1, MDD & PDD), mood-congruent features, mood-incongruent
features, catatonia (BP 1, 2, MDD), peripartum onset, seasonal pattern (BP 1, 2, MDD)

Stereotypy
-i.e., repetitive, abnormally frequent, non-goal-directed movement

Other specified obsessive-compulsive and related disorder

-(1) Body dysmorphic–like disorder with actual flaws, (2) Body dysmorphic–like disorder
without repetitive behaviors, (3) Body-focused repetitive behavior disorder, (4) Obsessional
jealousy, (5) Shubo-kyofu: excessive fear of having a bodily deformity, (6) Koro, (7) Jikoshu-
kyofu: fear of having an offensive body odor

Other specified sexual dysfunction

-Clinician chooses to communicate the specific reason that the presentation does not meet
the criteria for any specific sexual dysfunction.

Alcohol use disorder

Hallucinogen use disorder

Opioid withdrawal

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

Restrictive repetitive behaviors (autism spectrum disorder)

Somatic symptoms

Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders

SUD types and subtypes

Sexual dysfunctions and therapies