Name: RUBIO, Russell Jane M.

Rating:
Year and Section: BSA - 103 Date: May 24, 2020

POPULATION – MORE OR LESS

Activity No. 1

I. INTRODUCTION

The issue of overpopulation is the overriding environmental issue of our time. As

population increases, more stress is put on the Earth’s finite sources. As people endeavor to raise
their standards of living, even more stress is put on the Earth. An understanding of population
dynamics is crucial in understanding our environmental problems and possible solutions.
One aspect of the population issue is the simple magnitude of the numbers involved. As
death rates have decreased, the human population has increased exponentially. In some areas,
mainly in the more developed countries, this growth has slowed as resources have been depleted,
people have learned the importance of slowing or stopping population growth, and birth control
methods have become available.
Part I of this activity is intended to demonstrate graphically the results of exponential
growth in population and the possible results of exponential population reduction. In Part II of
this activity, the students consider the consequences of rapid population growth. Open space,
clear water, adequate food supplies, and other characteristics of a desirable and healthy
environment become much more difficult to obtain and maintain as the population increases.
Generally, increased population results in more pollution, depletion of natural resources,
crowding stress, and other undesirable developments. We need to consider not only the quantity
of life, but the quality of life.
Finally, in Part III, the students consider what the future might be like if population
continues to grow at its present rate. At the current rate of growth, the Earth’s population will
double in less than forty years. Few demographers expect, though, that the Earth will be able to
sustain such rapid population growth. The results of such growth are impossible to predict with
accuracy, but there certainly will be major changes in all aspects of the human experience.

II. ANTICIPATED OUTCOMES

At the end of this activity, the students will:

1. Understand the effect of exponential growth on populations.

2. Increase their understanding of the relationship between population and resources.
3. Know the meanings of the terms on the vocabulary list.
4. Consider the effect of increased human population on the environment.
 III. MATERIALS

 1 red, 1 green, and 1 black pen, pencil, or crayon

 1 scientific calculator
 Graph paper
 Apple, candy bars, large soft cookies, or other easily cut food

IV. VOCABULARY

Birth rate carrying capacity death rate population

Demography doubling time emigration
Exponential growth immigration per capita

V. PROCEDURE

PART I: Exponential Growth

Your team will be assigned a population growth rate, stated as a percentage. Not that a
negative population growth rate means simply that the population is getting smaller.
Use a calculator to determine the population each year for a population that starts at 100.
Round off decimals to the nearest whole number. As you do your calculations, record your data
on the table below.
For example, if you were assigned a growth rate of 7 percent, the first part of the table
would look like this: (calculations: 100 x 1.07 = 107 107 x 1.07 = 114.49)

Year # Population Year # Population

0 100 11 210
1 107 12 225
2 114 13 241

As you do your calculations, one team member should graph the population change.
Before beginning your graph, your team should:

 Decide which axis should represent the year and which should represent the population.
 Decide what the units should be on the population axis
 Graph a population growth of 0 percent
 Population growth rate assigned: 8%

Year # Population Year # Population

0 100 11 233
1 108 12 252
2 117 13 272
3 126 14 294
4 136 15 317
5 147 16 343
6 159 17 370
7 171 18 400
8 185 19 432
9 200 20 466
10 216

Population Growth with 8% rate

500

400
Population

300

200

100

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Year

Population Growth with 0% rate

250

200
Population

150

100

50

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Year
PART II. Quality or Quantity?

1. As a team, discuss the items listed below. Decide whether each item is generally “good”
for people and the environment or generally “harmful”.

 If it is “good”, place a green “+” in the space beside the item.

 If it is “harmful”, place a red “-” in the space.
 If your team really can’t decide, place a black check in the space.

+ Clean water + Energy - Noise

- Buildings - Overgrazing - Hunger
- Material luxuries - Polluted air + Minerals
- Space to live - Cars and roads - Unemployment
- Soil erosion + Forests + Food
+ Wildlife - Acid rain - Garbage
- Poverty - Oil spills - Crowded cities
- Opportunities for solitude + Endangered species - Contagious disease
- Traffic congestion - Available housing - International conflicts
+ Recreational space

2. Now consider the effect of a significantly increased human population on each item. If
increasing the human population would tend to increase the item, write the item inside the
arrow pointing upward. If increasing the human population would tend to decrease it,
write the item inside the arrow pointing downward.

 Use a red writing tool for the “harmful” things.

 Use a green writing tool for the “good” things.
 One
positive effect is
that as population
grows, so does
the information
economy. Also
creates more
urbanization,
which translates
to economic
development. Positive
Increase human effects will be
population can be no congestion,
beneficial more
because the more employment
people there are, opportunities:
the more the as a result of
information small size of
economy will the population,
grow. For there will be
example, more enough job
people do more opportunity for
jobs, which cause the people.
innovation. Increased in Social
People produce and Infrastructural
more art and Facilities because
create more a decreasing
technology. population
Another benefit Country
is that increase experiences a
population leads higher per capita
to urbanization, in terms of social
and as a result, and infrastructural
cities expand. facilities available
According to an to the people in the
infographic country.
designed by
EyeCandy, only Negative
effects will be
lack of adequate
manpower:
under population
results to
shortage of labor
with that
attendant effect
PART III. Dear Grandchild

If current trends continue, the population of the world will be about twice as large forty
years from now. What do you think your life will be like in forty years? Will you have children?
Grand children? What will their lives be like? What will the environment be like in the area
where you now live?
Write a letter to your ten-year old grandchild. In your letter discuss:
 What do you do for a living
 What you do for recreation
 How the world has changed
 What you eat
 Your energy source
 What you would have done differently
 Your hopes and dreams for your grandchild
 One simple piece of advice for your grandchild

Date : May 27, 2020

Dear my little angel,

First of all, I want to thank God for having you in our lives. My grandchild, I’ve had
so many memorable and defining life moments to tell you. But there are a few that stand out
above the rest. Your grandmother had become a CPA and it was my biggest dream. I am a
kind of person to prefer staying at home so I had nothing much to do but to take care of my
garden. As I am getting older, I choose to eat vegies and I had Pinakbet for lunch, it is a
delicious Filipino dish.
There is a lot wrong in the world, but a lot right too. Compared when I was a teen, the
world has more green vegetation, more whales, wolves, eagles and beavers, cleaner rivers,
lower birth mortality, less poverty, fewer wars, slightly fewer droughts and far fewer deaths
from famines, floods, and storms. Our generation contains numerous births which is why the
whole world is racked with pain. But I believe that you’ll see very beautiful times, my dear.
Our elders lost their everything in the war, but under favour of those pains the technology has
come to this level in our time. Maybe you’ll live in a very critical period too, but don’t forget
this my dear: Births are really painful. The energy we use today primarily comes from fossil
fuels, coal, oil, gas. The most heavily used energy source is coal.In the 1860s, science
determined use of fossil fuels would warm Earth because of the greenhouse effect. The results
of global warming would change our climate. It was always a question of when climate
change would happen and what would be the impacts.
As you grow up you’ll think about what you want to become and what you
hope to accomplish in life. People will often talk about  success, and you’ll probably
spend a lot of time daydreaming about the future you want. Most often when people
discuss success they do so in terms of careers and finances. And while I’m happy to
help you navigate finding success in your chosen career, I encourage you to  also pay
attention to a different kind of success–success in life. When I was younger I didn’t
quite see the distinction between career success and success in life, but the difference
is significant and to be truly happy you’ll have to understand that. I’m not saying you
can’t have both, but you’ll need to consider them both in light of each other in order to
find your own version of success.
You are my little angel and no matter how many years pass, you will always be our
sweet little angel sent from above. I wish you faith, courage and determination to succeed in
all walks of life. May you have a great and rocking life ahead, my grandchild. We are always
there to support you. I love you to the moon and back.

Love always,
VI. QUESTIONS

1. Summarize the effect of exponential growth on a population.

As a population increases exponentially, there is an ever-increasing rate of growth,
resulting in a steeper and steeper population growth curve. Exponential growth takes place
when a population's per capita growth rate stays the same, regardless of population size,
making the population grow faster and faster as it gets larger.

2. In part II of this activity, you saw some relationships between population and some parts
of the environment. What sorts of things tend to increase with population increases?
What sorts of things tend to decrease?
Generally, increased population results in a decrease of things that we consider
desirable and an increase of most undesirable things. Such as clean water that must
wanted and by humans and especially useful to the environment. This proved that
desirable or wanted things tend to increase with population increases and unwanted or
disadvantageous things tend to decrease such as garbage because both do not have make
use of it.

3. The United States has about 4.3 percent of the Earth’s human population and is
responsible for about 30 percent of the annual resource use and pollution. What does this
tell us about the lifestyle that is possible for the world’s population?

It is not possible for the entire world to live as we in the United States do. If 4.3
percent of the population of the world uses 30 percent of the resources, each 1 percent use
30÷ 4.3, or about 7 percent of the resources. Thus, for 100 percent of the world to use an
equivalent amount, they would use 700 percent of the resources. Another way to look at this
is to point out that each of us in the United States use about seven times as much as the
average person on Earth. To be fair, we should cut our resource consumption to about one-
sixth or one-seventh of what it currently is.
4. Which is more important, to halt population growth in rapidly growing, less developed
areas such as Africa, or in more slowly growing developed areas such as the United
States? Discuss your answer.
It is more important to halt population growth in rapidly growing, less developed
areas such as Africa. As what I’ve observed, United States is already a developed country
in which its population growth is slow because they have good plans and strategies to
limitations. While in Africa, in which the population was worsen because it already affect
the whole nation must stop its population growth. So it is more important to halt
population growth to a poor country than a progressing country. But in overall view,
every country must control and rather stop the population growth.

5. List some advantages of a reduced human population.

 Abundant resources: There will be abundance of resources in areas where there are
resources endowment.

 Availability of employment: Due to the small size of the population and abundance of
resources, employment opportunities will readily be available.

 Low pressure on social amenities: Owing to low population, there is also low pressure
on social amenities in the area.

 Low congestion: Also, due to low population, there will be low or no congestion in
housing, traffic etc.

 Adequate planning: Owing to low population, these areas are properly planned for
decent living.

 Low crime rate is greatly reduced.

6. Discuss the relative importance of quantity of life versus the quality of life.
For me, quality is more important than quantity. Anything produced is made by
keeping quality as priority then that product works effectively even based on little quantity.
But if a product is made by keeping quantity as priority and quality is not good then that
product would not work effectively. Also quality of life is more
important than quantity because how you live is what others remember. If you treat others
like you want to be treated; that is with respect, you will feel better about your life no
matter how long you live.

7. How does human population growth affect the following?

a. Extinction of other species
 More extinctions

b. Quality of air and water

 Lower quality of air and water, at least until technology catches up with growth

c. Space available for recreation

 Less space available.

d. Food available for people

 Less food available per capita

e. Stress and conflict

 More stress and conflict as competition for resources increases.

 f. Energy resources available per person
 Less energy per person.

g. Competition for jobs and housing

 More competition for jobs and housing

h. The spread of contagious diseases

 More chance of spread of contagious disease due to crowding.

i. Your lifestyle in the next forty years

 Answers will vary, but there will probably be less freedom and fewer resources
available.

j. Your descendants’ lifestyles

 Changes their habits continuously like always changing of recreational
activities.

8. Should Philippine government enact and enforce laws to limit population? Explain your
answer.
Definitely yes, Philippines is known as a third world country. Throughout the time,
poverty and the word poor was still the number one problem of the Philippines. It will be a
great problem if the country remains poor and underdeveloped nation. Because the end
result is the majority from new generation will resort to do illegal things such as
prostitution, crimes and selling of illegal drugs to earn for a living because of poverty and
lack of education. There are so many reasons why Philippine government must enact and
enforce laws to limit populations. We are considered as one of the over-populated country
so we must change to what is right and for the better of the nation. Government incentives
is important too because they urge governments to promote “responsible parenthood” and
say subsidies should be limited to the first two children unless the family is living in
poverty.

9. Should Philippine government encourage population control through such measures as

education, tax incentives for smaller families, and making birth control more available?
Explain your answer.

Our generation today is very much different from previous time. We are more careful
into planning today because this may result to worse scenario. Family planning is a
possible measure to alleviate poverty in the Philippines so the government’s decisions and
plans into those activities are required. Population growth in the country is slowing, but
Filipinos continue to significantly increase in number—around two million every
year. Family planning plays a crucial role in reducing poverty as it enables couples to plan
 and invest in their children better. So I believe that strengthening the Philippine
government’s strategies the key to lessen poverty in our country and boost our economy so
no one in our country will suffer.

10. What can you do, personally, to help with the overpopulation problem?

Population control has become an increasingly urgent issue worldwide as a growing

population strains already limited resources. The very important things must have is the
knowledge about overpopulation and how to react on it. My family is open into situation
like this because this may resulted to poverty if not put in action. It is important to have
knowledge to contraception methods and things. The use of financial incentives to promote
family planning is an innovative approach that has potential to make a contribution to
efforts to better manage population growth. Incentives have been used to promote
attendance at contraceptive education sessions, adoption and continuation of contraceptive
methods, sterilization, and to limit family size. We can stop overpopulation by dramatically
reducing births around the world. Increasing numbers of resource experts agree that in
order to stop global overconsumption, depletion of resources, increasing climate disruption
– and unprecedented loss of species

VII. CONCLUSION

I conclude that overpopulation is and should be everyone’s concern. It’s not

something that we should blame only on the poor or the government. It has been politically
perceived issue that there is overpopulation in the Philippines. This issue has been
constantly blamed for the aggravating poverty situation. One side is claiming that unbridled
population increase is putting so much strain on the financial and food resources of the
country that more and more Filipinos are no longer dating three square meals a day.
Overall, overpopulation is a major cause of most of the world’s problems. Whether it is a
question of food shortage, lack of drinking water or energy shortages, every country in the
world is affected by it – or will be. Overpopulation also results in abuse of the country’s
natural resources. This, in turn leads to different environmental problems. Pollution is also a
factor associated with overpopulation. Waste disposal in the Philippines is a worsening
problem which threatens the environments. In this light, third world or poor countries like the
Philippines had to craft laws that they believe could solve the problem of over population.
Thus enters the reproductive health law, other government policies intended to curb over
population in the pipeline.
Population growth is an important topic for environmental health. Overpopulation
is one of the most important problems facing humanity today. Our planet’s health and
wellness is being affected by the overpopulation of people on the planet. Overpopulation
affects all of us as scarcity of food will increase, pollution will increase and global
warming becomes even more of a problem. With more and more people putting a strain on
the planets already limited resources measures must be taken to curb population growth.  
Name: RUBIO, Russell Jane M. Rating:
Year and Section: BSA - 103 Date: May 25, 2020

FOOD? WHAT FOOD?

Activity No. 2

I. INTRODUCTION

As the world’s population increases, so does the need for food. About one – fourth of the
people living today are not adequately fed. Each year, nearly six million children die prematurely
because of under nutrition or malnutrition. People need not only enough food, but they need the
right kinds of food to be healthy.
Food provides us with the energy and chemicals that we need for life. Growing,
harvesting, processing, shipping, and preparing food are extremely important processes and
industries. Other people promote vegetarianism or veganism for humanitarian reasons. They feel
that it is immoral to take an animal’s life for human food, or they are upset with the animal-
treatment practices of industrial meat producers.
Recently, concern about global climate change has revealed another reason to reduce
consumption of meat. Methane is an important greenhouse gas, reducing radiation of heat energy
into space from the Earth. Beef cattle and other animals produce significant amounts of methane
gas.
It is worthwhile for students to consider their eating habits. Many students have poor
diets. They may not be undernourished, but many are malnourished or over nourished. One
advantage of meats is that they provide a variety of the amino acids that we need for protein
synthesis. With an understanding of nutrition, these amino acids can also be obtained from a
properly balanced vegetarian diet.
This activity teaches about food chains and food pyramids, also known as pyramid of
numbers or pyramid of biomass. Strictly speaking, a food chain does not include the physical
environment. It is important, though, that students understand that the physical environment
provides the basis for all food chains.

II. ANTICIPATED OUTCOMES

At the end of this activity, the students will:

1. Increase their understanding of food chains and food pyramids.

2. Increase their understanding of the environmental value of eating lower on the food chain
3. Learn more about nutrition.
4. Increase their willingness to reduce their meat consumption.

III. MATERIALS

 Popcorn (about one quart per team for the activity, plus some to eat afterward)
  An area suitable for a relay, about forty by thirty yards (or more) in size
 “Cones” or other objects to mark the start and end points for the relay

IV. VOCABULARY

Food chain Undernourished

Malnourished Vegan
Per capita Vegetarian

V. PROCEDURE

1. Review the concepts of food chains and energy and materials being passed from one
trophic level to another.
2. Form teams of five to seven students each. If the teams are not equal, have some students
run twice.
3. Within each team, assign each student a trophic level role, such as plant, herbivore, first
carnivore, second carnivore, scavenger, decomposer, and so forth. In each team, the
student with the largest hands should represent the sun. Have the students’ line up in
order behind the “sun”.
4. Students will discuss or tell about each trophic level. Explain that the popcorn represents
energy and materials that are to be passed from one level to another.
5. The following are the rules to follow:
a. The “suns” will be given as much popcorn as they can hold in their two hands.
They may not make a pouch out of shirts, skirts, and so forth.
b. They are to run to the marker, circle it, and return to the next person in the food
chain.
c. The popcorn is passed to the next person in the food chain, who then runs to the
marker, circles it, returns, and passes it to the next person.
d. This is continued until the entire food chain has run the relay, including any who
need to run a second time because of uneven numbers in the teams.
e. When the entire team has completed the relay, the last person is to hold the
popcorn above his or her head as a signal that the team has completed the relay.
f. Students are reminded to run quickly but carefully, and not to eat popcorn that
has fallen on the ground or that others have handled. Tell them that clean
popcorn will be provided for eating later.
g. A short discussion among members in the group is encouraged after doing the
activity.
VI. QUESTIONS

1. What happens to the approximately 90 – 99 percent of the energy that is “lost” at each
transfer of energy in a food chain?
Most of the energy contained in a food is not available to the consuming organism
because it is given off as heat, is expended in the food-getting process, or is not extracted
from the food and is passed out of the body as waste. Notice that at each level of the food
chain, about 90% of the energy is lost in the form of heat. The total energy passed from one
level to the next is only about one-tenth of the energy received from the previous organism.
Energy is passed up a food chain or web from lower to higher trophic levels. It is used for
metabolic processes or given off to the environment as heat. This loss of energy explains
why there are rarely more than four trophic levels in a food chain or web.

2. What are some factors that limit how much food can be grown in an area?
As to water, plants need regular access to water in order to sustain healthy growth.
As plants become dehydrated, they begin to wilt due to a drop in turgor pressure in the
green parts of the plant. Dehydration can cause leaves to drop from your plant and can kill
your plants in extreme cases. The amount of water that your plants use depends on a
number of factors including air temperature, exposure to sunlight, wind speeds, relative
humidity and the needs of individual species. In sunlight, Plants use energy taken from
sunlight as part of their metabolic process. The intensity and duration of sunlight that
plants require depends on the conditions they are adapted to grow in. Plants that are
adapted to grow in shady locations often grow poorly when they are regularly exposed to
direct sunlight; plants that are adapted to direct sunlight are typically stunted when they
are left in the shade for long periods of time. The soil that your plants are growing in is a
crucial part of your plant's environment. The structure of the soil influences the amount of
nutrients and water that are available to your plant. Many plants grow best in soil that is
made from a combination of materials, such as peat moss, sand and loamy soil. The three
nutrients that plants use in the greatest quantities are nitrogen, phosphorous and
potassium. Soils that are deficient in these nutrients produce stunted plants that are more
likely to suffer damage from diseases and insects. In most cases these elements are
naturally present in sufficient quantities to support the growth of most plants. Soils that
have a heavy concentration of clay or sand are often deficient in one of these nutrients and
can benefit from fertilization. Performing a soil test on your soil is an effective way to
determine what nutrients are present in the soil and how much fertilizer you will need to
sustain healthy growth in your plants.
Water, available sunlight, and soil fertility are natural limiting factors. The availability
of labor, machinery, and chemicals are limiting factors in human food-growing systems.

3. In what ways is food a limiting factor for human populations?

 Starvation increases the death rate and so limits populations. Undernourishment and
malnourishment affect the reproductive capacities of men and women, infant mortality rate,
and death rate. In the natural world, limiting factors like the availability of food, water,
shelter and space can change animal and plant populations. Other limiting factors, like
competition for resources, predation and disease can also impact populations. A resource
such as food is a limiting factor. If an organism, group or population does not have enough
resources to sustain it, individuals will die through starvation, desiccation and stress, or they
will fail to produce offspring..

4. Distinguish between malnourishment and undernourishment.

Malnutrition occurs when the diet does not supply enough of the proper proteins,
vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients needed for good health. It also occurs when there is
too much of some nutrients, such as fats and sugars. Undernourishment is a condition of not
having enough food. Malnutrition refers to all deviations from adequate and optimal
nutritional status, including energy undernutrition and over-nutrition (obesity is a form
of malnutrition). The term 'undernutrition' is used to refer to generally poor nutritional
status, but also implies underfeeding.

5. Could reducing one’s meat consumption provide some of the benefits of vegetarianism?
Discuss the idea of cutting back on meat consumption.

Cutting back on meat consumption certainly helps reduce the demand for land, water,
and other materials used in growing meat. It can also help reduce fat intake. Also And
people who don't eat meat — vegetarians — generally eat fewer calories and less fat,
weigh less, and have a lower risk of heart disease than non-vegetarians do. Even reducing
meat intake has a protective effect. Shifting to more plant-based meals and curbing meat
consumption not only helps the planet, it also improves your health by lowering intake of
saturated fat, lowering the risk of developing heart disease and cancer, the world's leading
causes of death. 
6. Some people have suggested that, in the long run, sending food to famine victims may
cause more harm than it helps. Some suggest attaching conditions to aid sent to famine
victims. What do you think of this?
It is said that Food aid simply becomes another resource to fight over. Aid had
been more harmful than helpful to the African countries, which have
become more and more dependent on it. The problem with the African countries is not lack
of aid or natural resources but lack of proper economic policies, especially exchange rate
policies. By increasing the local supply of food, such aid may depress prices and thus
undercut the income of rural farmers in the recipient nations, for example; it also may
discourage local production. And, since the poor often are concentrated in rural areas, food
aid in fact may disproportionately hurt the poor.
At the same time, there is also reason to believe that food aid can prevent conflict,
instead of making it worse. After all, the whole point of food aid is to boost incomes
especially during hard times: If empty stomachs foster discontent and unrest, then feeding
the hungry will make them less likely to do things like attack one another for food, or join
rebel armies to fight in civil wars.  

7. What are some advantages and disadvantages of growing at least some of one’s own
food?
Advantages of raising one’s own food include such things as being able to control (or
eliminate) chemicals, such as pesticides; saving money; and the enjoyment that many
derive from gardening. Disadvantages include the time and effort required; space
requirements; and environmental limitations, such as soil fertility, climate, and weather.
Advantages of growing foods are more Nutritious because when growing your own food,
your diet is more diverse and healthy, packed with vitamins, minerals and antioxidants.
Stay Active because gardening is a fun way to get outside for some fresh air and physical
activity. The physical activity required in gardening has proven to promote physical health.
You can save a lot of money by growing your own vegetables and fruits. Better for the
Environment and also you get Vitamin D. Disadvantages are It includes Some Investment,
Injuries, Attack of Diseases and Crop Loss.

VII. CONCLUSION

I conclude that healthy eating is vital in creating a balanced and good lifestyle.
Healthy eating habits are able to give people health, longevity, and beauty One cannot
simply support themselves by going out Jollibee everyday or eating junk food
constantly. Self-control is very important in supporting a healthy lifestyle. When we
intake healthy fruits and vegetables that are full of nutrients, we reduce the chances of
diseases.  Eating healthy not only gives power to your body, but also improves your
mood, gives you energy, and fights diseases, giving you a longer and better life. Proper
nutrition is important in maintaining a long and healthy life. Exercise is another
important way to support a healthy lifestyle. Good nutrition plays an important role to
maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Including a balanced diet, contributing physical activity to
manage a good weight, and reducing the risk of developing illness or other problems
while promoting overall health.
In addition, healthy food also helps you save money. It is much cheaper in
comparison to junk food. Plus all that goes into the preparation of healthy food is also of
low cost. Thus, you will be saving a great amount when you only consume healthy food or
growing vegetables at your backyard. All in all, both exercising and making sure you eat
healthy play a significant role in improving your general quality of life.