1.1.

Thermal decomposition through the application of intense, indirect heat in the absence
of oxygen

1.Introduction 1.2.Waste material is reduced to synthetic gas (syngas), bio-oil and non-hazardous
carbon char (biochar)

1.3.When pyrolysis takes place in the presence of water, it is called hydrous pyrolysis

2.Process & Concept
2.1. consists of both simultaneous and successive reactions when organic material is
heated in a non-reactive atmosphere. 
2.2.Long chains of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen compounds in biomass break down into
smaller molecules in the form of gases, condensable vapours (tars and oils) and solid
charcoal under pyrolysis conditions.

3.1.1.Takes several hours to complete

3.1.Slow
3.1.2.Bio-Char as main product

3.2.1.Takes 2 seconds

3.2.2.Flash Pyrolysis
3.Type of Pyrolysis 3.2.3.Most Widely Used

3.2.Fast 3.2.4.Temperatures between 300 – 550 Celsius

3.2.5.Char accumulates quickly

PYROLYSIS
3.2.6.Commonly yield 60% bio-oil

3.2.7.Must be removed frequently

4.1.Syn-Gas

4.Utilization of Pyrolysis Products 4.2.Bio-Oil

4.3.Bio-Char

5.1.Can be performed at relatively small scale and at remote locations

5.2.Can be done at remote locations which can reduce transport and handling costs.
5.Advantages
5.3.Wide range of biomass feedstock can be used in pyrolysis processes

5.4.High efficiency and good environmental performance characteristics

6.1.Very dependent on the moisture content of the feedstock

6.2.At lower water levels there is a risk that the process only produces dust instead of oil.
6.Disadvantages
6.3.High-moisture waste streams require drying before subjecting to pyrolysis.

6.4.At higher moisture contents, high levels of water are produced