URUK STATE UNIVERSITY MEDICINE COLLEGE

Department of Computer Science

Computer System

Supervisor by Submitted by
‫شوق الخفاجي‬.‫د‬ ‫علي عماد علي‬
(‫)مقاصة‬

CONTENTS

13/6/2020
 Introduction of the Computer
Evolution of Computers
Hardware of the computer
Software of the Computer
Functionalities of a Computer
CHARACTERISTICS OF ACOMPUTER
Conclusion
REFERENCES

INTRODUCTION OF THE COMPUTER

A computer is an electronic device, operating under the
control of instructions stored in its own memory that can
accept data (input), process the data according to specified
rules, produce information (output), and store the information
for future use.
The acronym for COMPUTER is:
Common Oriented Machine Particularly Used for Trade and Education
Research.

EVOLUTION OF COMPUTERS
A computer is an electronic device which is used to
perform operation on raw data as Computers in the
form of personal desktop computers, laptops and
tablets have become such an important part of
everyday living that it can be difficult to remember a
time when they did not exist. In reality, computers as
they are known and used today are still relatively new.
Although computers have technically been in use since the abacus approximately
5000 years ago, it is modern computers that have had the greatest and most
profound effect on society. The first full-sized digital computer in history was
developed in 1944. Called the Mark I, this computer was used only for calculations
and weighed five tons. Despite its size and limited ability, it was the first of many
that would start off generations of computer development and growth. Per
instruction given by user. All the Plugged with computer system (e.g. keyboard,
mouse, printer, CPU etc.) is called hardware, the language, instruction,
data are the called software.

GENERATION OF COMPUTERS
1.FIRST GENERATION COMPUTERS: use of vacuum tubes, big
& clumsy, high electricity consumption, programming in mechanical
language, larger AC were needed, lot of electricity failure occurred.

2.SECOND GENERATION COMPUTERS: transistors were used,

core memory was developed, faster than first generation and
programming was in machine language & assembly language
3.THIRD GENERATION COMPUTERS: Integrated circuits developed,
power consumption was low, SSI & MSI Technology was used, high level
languages were used.
4.FOURTH GENERATION COMPUTERS: LSI & VLSI Technology
used, Development of Portable Computers, RAID Technology of data
storage, used in virtual reality, multimedia, simulation, Computers started
in use for Data Communication.
5.FIFTH GENERATION COMPUTERS: used in parallel processing,
uses superconductors, used in speech recognition, used in intelligent robots,
used in artificial intelligence.

6.THE FUTURE GENERATION: the future promises advanced

technology in computing. Faster, smarter and more affordable.

COMPUTER COMPONENTS
Any kind of computers consists of HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE.

Hardware: Computer hardware is the collection of physical elements that

constitutes a computer system. Computer hardware refers to the physical parts or
components of a computer such as the monitor, mouse,
keyboard, computer data storage, hard drive disk
(HDD), system unit (graphic cards, sound
cards, memory, motherboard and chips),
etc. all of which are physical objects that
can be touched.
1.Input Devices: Input device Translate data from
form that humans understand to one that the computer
can work with. Most common are keyboard and mouse.

2.Output devices: An output device is any piece of computer hardware

equipment used to communicate the results of data processing
carried out by an information processing system (such as a
computer) which converts the electronically generated information
into human-readable form. Exp: monitors, speakers and printers
(laser printer, ink jet printer, dot matrix printer).

Software: Software is a generic term for organized collections of computer data

and instructions, often broken into two major categories: system software that
provides the basic non-task-specific functions of the computer, and application
software which is used by users to accomplish specific tasks.

Software Types:
Functionalities of a Computer:

Any digital computer carries out four functions in gross

terms:

 Data input.
 Data processing.
 Information output.
 Data and information storage.

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTERS

 Speed
 Accuracy
 Reliability
 Storage Capacity
 Versatility
 Reduction in Manpower
 Reduction in Paper Work

Conclusion

Operating System manages all of the hardware and software of a computer system.
Each manager of an OS both works closely with the other managers and performs
its unique role. Computer hardware refers to the physical parts or components of a
computer. In contrast, software is untouchable. Software exists as ideas,
application, concepts, and symbols, but it has no substance. A combination of
hardware and software forms a usable computing system.
 REFERENCES

 Vermaat, Misty E. Microsoft Office 2013 Introductory. Cengage Learning, p.IT3.

2014
 http://www.tutorialspoint.com/computer_fundamentals/computer_quick_guide.htm
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_hardware
 https://archive-it.org/collections/3635?q=computer+system&page=1&show=Sites