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Open Access

Baghdad Science Journal Vol.15(3)2018

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2018.15.3.0352

On Soft Turning Points


Luay A. Al-Swidi Fatima S.S. Awad

Received 30/4/2018, Accepted 31/7/2018, Published 13/9/2018


This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Abstract:
The soft sets were known since 1999, and because of their wide applications and their great flexibility
to solve the problems, we used these concepts to define new types of soft limit points, that we called soft
turning points.
Finally, we used these points to define new types of soft separation axioms and we study their properties.

Keywords: Soft compact, Soft ideal, Soft separation axioms, Soft set and Soft turning points.

Introduction:
The concept of soft sets was first presented (14) characterize the soft regular l_ closed and soft
by Molodtsov (1) in 1999 as a common numerical AI_ set and give decay of coherence in a domain
instrument for managing dubious objects. Later, in Hayashi_ Samuels space and the range soft
2011, Shabir and Naz (2) studied the soft spaces and topological space. Compact space are one of the
they characterized soft topology on the gathering of most important classes in general topological spaces
soft sets. Consequently, they defined fundamental (15,16,17). They well-know properties which use in
concepts of soft spaces, for example, soft closed set, many disciplines. Aygunoglu and Aygun (18),
soft open set, soft subspace and soft separation studied the soft compact around on a soft topology.
axioms. Zorlutuna el at. (3) introduced soft interior In this paper, we are utilized to characterize another
points, soft interior set, soft closure set and soft kind of a limit points and set up a connection
continuous function. In (4), Kharal and Ahmad gave amongst them and we characterize another sort of
the definition of mapping on soft classes and found soft separation axioms in soft ideal topological
some properties of image and inverse image of such space.
mapping. Shabir and Ahmad (5), introduced
separation axioms in the soft space that was defined Preliminaries
by Zorlutuna. While the concept of soft ideal and Through auto the proper we take Ę the
likewise soft local function were first presented at parameters of the element of universe set. Also we
(6,7). In 2014, Kandil el at. (6) presented the take the symbol ĘӼ be the union of Ę and the
concept of supra generalized closed soft sets as for negation set of Ę (ℸĘ). Now for any subset Ą of ĘӼ
via soft ideal and they found their properties. we define the soft set ƑĄ over Ӽ as
Rodyna el at. (8), presented the semi closed and
open sets modulo a soft ideal in the soft spaces. ƑĄ = {(ę, Ƒ(ę)); ę ∈ Ą , Ƒ: Ą ⟶ Ƥ(Ӽ)} .
Mustafa el at. (9), presented the soft generalized where Ƥ(Ӽ) is the power set of Ӽ .(10)
closed sets and expand this idea into soft ideal
topological spaces. In 2015 Aysequl and Goknur Definition 2.1 : (19)
(10) introduced I_ regular, I_ normal and found a The soft set ƑĄ is called the ,
squire relations between them. The properties for 1. "Null soft set" if Ƒ(ę) = φ , for all ęϵĄ , and
instance, separation axioms and compactness to obtained by 𝜑̃ .
more details (11,12). Moreover, Kanal el at. (7) That means 𝜑̃ = {(ę, φ): ę ∈ Ą} .
presented the concepts of soft normal (regular) 2. "Absolute soft set" if Ƒ(ę) = Ӽ , for allęϵĄ , and
space in view of the thoughts of soft ideals and semi obtained by Ӽ̃ .
That means Ӽ̃ = {(ę, Ӽ): ę ∈ Ą} .
open soft set .Recently, Zehra and Saziye (13)
characterize open sets and soft regular generalized
closed as for soft spaces and Yunus el at.
Definition 2.2 : (19)
Department of Mathematics, College of Education for ̃ ӃӃ(Ӽ). Then:
Pure Sciences, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq. ̃
Let ƑĄ , ƓĄ ∈
Corresponding author: fofo924@yahoo.com

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Baghdad Science Journal Vol.15(3)2018

1. ƑĄ is called a "soft subset" of ƓĄ which is Definition 2.8: (2)


obtained by ƑĄ ⊆ ̃
̃ ƓĄ if Ƒę ⊆̃
̃ Ɠę for each ę ∈ Ą. For any family of soft sets over the universal set
Obviously, for all Ƒ ∈ ̃ ӃӃ(Ӽ), then 𝜑̃ ⊆
̃ ̃ Ƒ and
̃ Ӽ with parameters Ą is called soft topology Ʈ̃ ̃ , if
Ą Ą
satisfy the following properties :
ƑĄ ⊆ ̃
̃ Ӽ̃ .
1. 𝜑̃, Ӽ̃ ∈
̃ Ʈ
̃ ̃
̃.
2. The soft sets ƑĄ and ƓĄ are called a "soft equal" ̃ ̃ ̃ ̃ ̃
̃Ʈ
2. ∀$1 , $2 ∈ ̃ → $1 ∩ ̃ $2 ∈̃Ʈ ̃.
which is obtained by ƑĄ = ƓĄ if Ƒę = Ɠę for ̃ ̃ ̃
3. $λ ∈ ̃
̃Ʈ̃ ∀ λ ∈ 𝛬 → ⋃λ∈𝛬 $λ ∈ ̃
̃Ʈ̃.
all ę ∈ Ą .
̃ ̃ ̃
The triplet (Ӽ, Ʈ̃
̃, ᾼ) is called a soft topological
̃ ƓĄ and ƓĄ ⊆
It is clear that, ƑĄ = ƓĄ iff ƑĄ ⊆ ̃ ƑĄ .
space over Ӽ.
Definition 2.3: (20) The members of Ʈ ̃
̃ are called soft open sets and a
The soft complement of a set ƑĄ obtained by soft set Ӻᾼ is called soft closed iff the soft
complement (Ӽ̃ \̃
̃ ̃
ƑƈĄ where ƑƈĄ : Ą ⟶ Ƥ(Ӽ) is a function given by ̃ Ӻᾼ ) is soft open.
̃
ƑƈĄ̃ = Ӽ ∖ Ƒę for all ę ∈ Ą.
̃
ƈ̃
̃
ƈ ƈ̃ Definition 2.9: (2)
Clearly :(𝜑̃) = Ӽ̃ , (Ӽ̃ ) = 𝜑̃ and (ƑƈĄ̃ ) = ƑĄ . ̃
In soft space (Ӽ̃ , Ʈ
̃, Ą) we can define the soft sub
space for a non_ empty set Ƴ of Ӽ by Ʈ ̃
̃Ƴ =
Definition 2.4: (19)
̃ {Ѵ ; ∃ Ƒ ∈̃
̃Ʈ̃
̃ ∋Ѵ =Ƒ ∩ ̃
̃Ƴ̃
̃}
Let ƑĄ , ƓĄ ∈ ̃ ӃӃ(Ӽ) . We define a soft union Ą Ą Ą Ą
̃ , a soft intersection ∩
̃ ̃ , and a soft difference ∖̃
̃ ̃
which obtained by (Ƴ ̃
̃, Ʈ
̃Ƴ , Ą) .

of two soft set ƑĄ , ƓĄ as follows ∶
1. ƑĄ ∪ ̃
̃ ƓĄ = {(ę, Ƒ(ę) ∪ Ɠ(ę)): ę ∈ Ą}. Definition 2.10.
̃ ̃
In soft space (Ӽ̃ , Ʈ ̃ ӃӃ(Ӽ) is called the
̃, Ą), and ƑĄ ∈
̃
2. ƑĄ ∩ ̃ ƓĄ = {(ę, Ƒ(ę) ∩ Ɠ(ę)): ę ∈ Ą}.
3. ƑĄ ∖̃ ƓĄ = {(ę, Ƒ(ę) ∖ Ɠ(ę)): ę ∈ Ą}. 1. Soft interior of the soft set ƑĄ is
obtained by 𝒾𝓃𝓉(ƑĄ ) is defined
Definition 2.5: (3) as (𝒾𝓃𝓉(Ą)) =
Let ƑĄ ∈̃
̃ ӃӃ(Ӽ), then the soft point in obtained by ̃
̃ {ℋĄ : ℋĄ is a soft open set ℋĄ ⊆
∪ ̃
̃ ƑĄ }. Thus
Ƒę where : 𝒾𝓃𝓉(ƑĄ ) is the largest soft open set contained in
Ƒ(ę) ≠ φ if ą = ę ƑĄ .(1)
Ƒę (ą) = {
φ if ą ≠ ę 2. Soft closure of the soft set ƑĄ is
For all ę ∈ Ą.
obtained by 𝒸ℓ(ƑĄ ) is define as (𝒸ℓ(ƑĄ )) =
Definition 2.6: (3) ̃
∩ ̃
̃ {ℋ : ℋ is a soft closed set and Ƒ ⊆
̃ ℋ }.
Ą Ą Ą Ą
For any sub family {ƑįĄ } of ӃӃ( Ӽ), such that λ Clearly 𝒸ℓ(ƑĄ ) is the smallest soft closed over Ӽ
į∈λ
be any index set . which contains ƑĄ . (2)
1. The union of these soft sets is the soft set
ℋĄ , where ℋ(ę) = (⋃į∈λ Ƒį(ę) ) ∀ ę ∈ Definition 2.11.
Ą, we write( ⋃̃ {Ƒ }) = ℋ . In soft space (Ӽ̃, Ʈ̃, Ą) and for Ƒ be a soft set over
̃
į∈λ įĄ Ą Ą
2. The intersection of these soft sets is the soft set ƓĄ Ӽ, where
.Then Ɠ(ę) =
̃
(⋂į∈λ Ƒį(ę) ) ∀ ę ∈ Ą, we write( ⋂į∈λ {ƑįĄ }) =ƓĄ . 1. ƑĄ is soft open iff 𝒾𝓃𝓉(ƑĄ ) = ƑĄ . (1)
2. ƑĄ is soft closed iff 𝒸ℓ(ƑĄ ) = ƑĄ . (2)
Proposition 2.7: (20) (De_ Morgan's Laws).
̃
̃ ӃӃ(Ӽ). Then
If ƑĄ , ƓĄ ∈
̃ Definition 2.12:(21)
̃ Ɠ )ƈ = Ƒƈ̃ ∩
̃ ̃ ƈ̃
1. (ƑĄ ∪ Ą Ą ̃ ƓĄ . ̃, ᾼ) be a soft topological space and let
Let (Ӽ̃, Ʈ
̃
ƈ̃ ̃ ̃
2. (ƑĄ ∩ ̃
̃ ƓĄ ) = ƑƈĄ ∪̃
̃ ƓƈĄ . ̃ ӃӃ(Ӽ) and Ӻ ∈ Ӽ̃. Then Ӻ is called a Soft
̃
Ӻ ∈ ᾼ ᶒ ᾼ
̃
̃Ʈ
neighbourhood of Ӻᶒ , if there exists Ɠᾼ ∈ ̃
̃ such
̃ ̃
̃ Ӻᾼ .
̃ Ɠᾼ ⊆
that Ӻᶒ ∈

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Baghdad Science Journal Vol.15(3)2018

The family of all soft neighborhood of Ӻᶒ is for α ∈ Ɗ ⊆ Ӽ.


symbolized by ƝӺᶒ . (𝒻 −1 ƥư (ƓƁ ), α) is called a soft inverse image of ƓƁ .

Definition 2.13: (18) Definition 2.19.


Let (Ӽ̃, Ʈ̃, Ą) be a soft space. If ∃ a soft finite sub
̃ ̃, Ą) and (Ƴ
̃ , 𝛿̃, Ɓ) be a soft spaces.
Let(Ӽ̃, Ʈ
̃ ̃
covering of every soft open covering of the soft Let ư: Ӽ ⟶ Ƴ and ƥ: Ą ⟶ Ɓ be functions and let
̃
space (Ӽ̃ , Ʈ
̃, Ą), then this soft space is called "soft 𝒻ƥư : ӃӃ(Ӽ)Ą ⟶ ӃӃ(Ƴ)Ɓ be a soft function. Then
compact space". 1. The soft function 𝒻ƥư is soft continuous
Definition 2.14: (5) iff 𝒻 −1 (ƓƁ ) ∈̃
̃Ʈ̃ ̃
̃ for each ƓƁ ∈ ̃
̃ (5)
̃ 𝛿.
ƥư
̃
Let (Ӽ̃ , Ʈ
̃, Ą) be a soft topological space over Ӽ and ̃
̃ 𝛿̃
2. The soft function 𝒻ƥư is soft open if 𝒻ƥư (ƑĄ ) ∈
Ƒ ,Ƒ ∈ ̃ Ӽ̃ such that Ƒ ≠ Ƒ . If ∃ at least one
̃ ̃
̃Ʈ̃
̃ .(19)
ę1 ę2 ę1 ę2 for each (ƑĄ ) ∈
soft open set Ƒ1Ą or Ƒ2Ą such that Ƒę1 ∈ ̃
̃ Ƒ1Ą ,
̃ Ƒ or Ƒ ∈
̃ ̃ ̃
̃ ̃ ̃̃
Ƒę2 ∉ ę2 ̃ Ƒ2Ą , Ƒę1 ∉ Ƒ2Ą , then (Ӽ, Ʈ, Ą) is

Soft Ideal Topological Space
In this section, we are going to present the
called a"soft Ʈ0 _space".
ideas of soft ideal base and soft maximal ideal and
concentrate some imperative properties .
Theorem 2.15: (5)
Every soft sub space of SƮ0 _space is SƮ0 _ space.
Definition 3.1: (22)
The sub family ℐ̃Ą ⊆ ̃ ӃӃ(Ӽ) is called a "soft ideal"
̃
Definition 2.16.(2)
̃, Ą) be a soft space over Ӽ , Ƒ ∈
Let (Ӽ̃, Ʈ
̃ ̃̃ if satisfy the following:
ę ̃ Ӽ such ̃ ̃ ̃ ̃
1. ƑĄ ∈ ̃ ℐ̃Ą and ƓĄ ∈ ̃ ℐ̃Ą then ƑĄ ∪ ̃ ƓĄ ∈̃ ℐ̃Ą .
that Ƒ ∉̃
̃ Ɠ and Ɠ be a soft closed set in Ӽ̃ . If ∃
ę Ą Ą
2. ƑĄ ∈ ̃ ℐ̃Ą and ƓĄ ⊆
̃ ̃
̃ ƑĄ then ƓĄ ∈ ̃ ℐ̃Ą .
̃
soft open sets Ƒ1Ą and Ƒ2Ą such that Ƒę ̃Ƒ ,
̃
∈ 1Ą Easily we see that the intersection of any
̃ Ƒ and Ƒ ∩
̃ ̃ ̃
ƓĄ ⊆ 2Ą 1Ą ̃ Ƒ2Ą = 𝜑, then family of soft ideals over Ӽ is also soft ideal, but the
̃
(Ӽ̃ , Ʈ
̃, Ą) is called a "soft regular space" . union of two soft ideals over a set Ӽ may be not
necessary a soft ideal for example if we take Ӽ of
ℛ and Ą = 𝒩, Ƒ1Ą (1) = {1} , Ƒ1Ą (𝓃) = φ ∀𝓃 ∈
Definition 2.17: (4)
Let Ӽ and Ƴ be two initial universe sets and let Ą, Ɓ 𝒩 ∖ {1}
be sets of parameters .Let ư: Ӽ ⟶ Ƴ and ƥ: Ą ⟶ Ɓ Ƒ2Ą (2) = {2} , Ƒ2Ą (𝓃) = φ ∀𝓃 ∈ 𝒩 ∖ {2}
be a functions .Then a soft function ℐ̃1Ą = {𝜑̃ , Ƒ1Ą } , ℐ̃2Ą = {𝜑̃ , Ƒ2Ą } are soft ideal over
𝒻ƥư : ӃӃ(Ӽ)Ą ⟶ ӃӃ(Ƴ)Ɓ is defined as : ℛ, but ℐ̃ ∪
1Ą 2Ą ̃̃ ℐ̃ is not soft ideal. The image of soft
For a soft set ƑĄ in ӃӃ(Ӽ)Ą , then (𝒻ƥư (ƑĄ ), Ɓ) = ideal under any soft function is soft ideal.
ƥ(Ą) ⊆ Ɓ is a soft set in ӃӃ(Ƴ)Ɓ given by: The soft ideal ℐ̃Ą is called "proper soft ideal" if
𝒻ƥư (ƑĄ )(β) = ̃
Ӽ̃ ∉
̃ ℐ̃Ą .
ư (⋃α∈ƥ−1 (β)∩̃̃ Ą Ƒ(α)) ̃
if ƥ−1 (β) ∩
̃Ą≠φ
{
Definition 3.2.
φ other wies
for β ∈ Ɓ ⊆ Ƴ. (𝒻ƥư (ƑĄ ), Ɓ) is called a "soft The subfamily ℐ̃0Ą ⊆ ̃
̃ ӃӃ(Ӽ) is called soft ideal
image" of a soft set ƑĄ . base if satisfy the following :
1. Ӽ̃ ∉̃
̃ ℐ̃0Ą .
2. If ƑĄ ∈ ̃ ℐ̃
̃ ̃ ℐ̃ , then there exists
̃
Definition 2.18: (4) 0Ą and ƓĄ ∈ 0Ą
Let 𝒻ƥư : ӃӃ(Ӽ)Ą ⟶ ӃӃ(Ƴ)Ɓ be a soft function and ℋĄ ∈ ̃ ̃
̃ ℐ0Ą such that (ƑĄ ∪ ̃ ̃
̃ ℋĄ .
̃ ƓĄ ) ⊆
let ̃
Observe that if Ӽ ≠ (ƑĄ ∪ ̃ ̃ ℐ̃0Ą for each ƑĄ
̃
̃ ƓĄ ) ∈
ƓƁ be a soft set in ӃӃ(Ƴ)Ɓ . Let ư: Ӽ ⟶
Ƴ and ƥ: Ą ⟶ Ɓ be a functions. and ƓĄ in ℐ̃0Ą, then ℐ̃0Ą is soft ideal base over Ӽ and
Then so any soft ideal over Ӽ is soft ideal base.
−1 (Ɠ ),
(𝒻 ƥư Ɓ Ɗ) , Ɗ = Also for any soft ideal ℐ̃Ą over Ӽ and with condition
ƥ−1 (Ɓ) is soft set in ӃӃ(Ӽ)Ą , defined as: (ƑĄ ∪̃̃ ƓĄ ) ≠ Ӽ̃ ∀ ƓĄ ∈ ̃ ℐ̃Ą and ƑĄ ⊆
̃ ̃ Ӽ̃ , the family ,
̃
ư−1 (Ɠ(ƥ(α))) , ƥ(α) ∈ Ɓ ℐ̃0Ą = {ƑĄ ∪ ̃ ℐ̃ } is soft ideal base .So,
̃̃ ƓĄ ∶ ƓĄ ∈
̃ Ą
(𝒻 −1 ƥư (ƓƁ ), α) = {
φ other wise ̃
the soft ideal ℐĄ generated by soft ideal base is of

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Baghdad Science Journal Vol.15(3)2018

the form ℐ̃Ą = {ƑĄ : ∃ ƓĄ ∈ ̃ ℐ̃0Ą ∋ ƑĄ ⊆̃ ̃ ̃ ̃


̃ ̃ ƓĄ }. There 1) ⟹ 2). If ƑĄ ƈ ∉ ̃̃ ƓĄ ) ≠ Ӽ̃ for each
̃ ℐĄ, then (ƑĄ ∪
is some properties of soft ideal base that, if Ƴ ⊆ Ӽ ̃ ℐ̃ because if there exists Ɠ ∈
̃ ̃ ̃
ƓĄ ∈ Ą Ą ̃ ℐĄ such that
and ℐ̃0Ą is a soft ideal base over Ƴ, then its soft ideal (Ƒ ∩
̃ ̃
̃̃ Ɠ ) = Ӽ̃ , then Ƒ ƈ ⊆̃ Ɠ and so by Definition
Ą Ą Ą Ą
base over Ӽ . Then image of soft ideal base under ̃ ℐ̃ contraction. Let 𝒥̃ be a
ƈ̃
( 3.1) we have ƑĄ ∈ ̃ Ą Ą
soft mapping is soft ideal base.
̃̃ ƓĄ ∶
soft ideal generated by soft ideal base {ƑĄ ∪
Ɠ ∈ ̃
̃ ℐ̃ }. Since Ƒ ⊆ ̃ ̃̃ Ɠ ) for each
̃ (Ƒ ∪
Definition 3.3. Ą Ą Ą Ą Ą

Let ℐ̃Ą and 𝒥̃Ą be two soft ideals over Ӽ . Then ℐ̃Ą is ̃ ℐ̃ then Ƒ ∈
̃ ̃ ̃ ̃ ̃̃ 𝒥̃ .
ƓĄ ∈ Ą Ą ̃ ℐĄ → 1. To show that ℐĄ ⊆ Ą
̃ ̃ ̃
said to be"finer then"𝒥̃Ą if and only if 𝒥̃Ą ⊆
̃ ℐ̃Ą . Any
̃ ̃
̃ ℐĄ.
Let ƊĄ ∈ Since ƊĄ ⊆ ̃ (ƑĄ ∪̃ ƓĄ ),
̃ ̃
̃ 𝒥Ą and we have ℐĄ ⊆ ̃ ̃ 𝒥Ą . But ℐ̃Ą is
̃ ̃
soft ideal over Ӽ is finer then ℐ̃ = {𝜑̃ } . A
Ą then ƊĄ ∈
non_empty soft set ƑĄ is called finite if Ą is finite on maximal soft ideal, then ℐ̃Ą ⊆
̃ 𝒥̃Ą . By (1) ƑĄ ∈
̃ ̃ ℐ̃Ą .
̃
∃ą1 , … , ą𝓃 ∈ Ą ∋ Ƒ(ąį ) ≠ φ ∀ į = 1, … , 𝓃. From 2) ⟹ 1). Let 𝒥̃ be a proper soft ideal over Ӽ and
Ą
this property we state the following theorem. ̃
ℐ̃Ą ⊆
̃ 𝒥̃Ą . To prove that 𝒥̃Ą ⊆̃
̃ ℐ̃Ą . Suppose 𝒥̃Ą ⊆̃ ℐ̃ ,
̃ Ą
then there exists ƓĄ ∈̃ ̃
̃ 𝒥Ą , such that ƓĄ ∉ ̃ ̃
̃ ℐĄ . Then
Definition 3.4.
Let ℐ̃Ą be a soft ideal over Ӽ. Then ℐ̃Ą is said to be by hypothesis Ɠ ∈
ƈ̃ ̃ ̃
̃ ℐ . But ℐ̃ ⊆
Ą Ą ̃ 𝒥̃ . So
̃
Ą Ą
"maximal soft ideal" over Ӽ if and only if ℐ̃ is not
Ą ƓĄ
ƈ̃ ̃

̃
̃̃ ƓĄ ƈ ) = Ӽ̃ ∈
̃ 𝒥̃Ą . Thus (ƓĄ ∪ ̃
̃ 𝒥̃Ą . But this
contained any other soft ideal over Ӽ .
contradiction because Ӽ̃ ∉ ̃
̃ 𝒥̃Ą , so that 𝒥̃Ą ⊆
̃ ℐ̃Ą we
̃
(i. e) ℐ̃Ą is maximal soft ideal over Ӽ if and only if
for every proper soft ideal 𝒥̃ over Ӽ such that have ℐ̃Ą = 𝒥̃Ą . Therefore ℐ̃Ą is maximal soft ideal.
Ą
̃ 𝒥̃ then ℐ̃ = 𝒥̃ . 1) ⟺ 3). The prove is directly by the Definitions
ℐ̃Ą ⊆
̃ Ą Ą Ą (3.3) and (3.4).
1) ⟹ 4). Let ℐ̃Ą is maximal soft ideal over Ӽ and
Theorem 3.5.
Let Ӽ be a set. Every soft ideal over Ӽ is contained
in a maximal soft ideal over Ӽ. ̃ Ӽ̃ such that
̃
let ƑĄ , ƓĄ ∈
(Ƒ ∩ ̃̃ Ɠ ) ∈̃ ℐ̃ . If possible that Ƒ ∉
̃ ̃
̃ ℐ̃ and Ɠ
Ą Ą Ą Ą Ą Ą
Theorem 3.6. ̃ ℐ̃ . Then Ƒ ≠ Ӽ̃ and Ɠ ≠ Ӽ̃ because if Ƒ = Ӽ̃,
̃
∉ Ą Ą Ą Ą
Let Ӽ be any set and let ℐ̃Ą be soft ideal over Ӽ such ̃ ̃
then (ƑĄ ∩̃ ̃
̃ ƓĄ ) = (Ӽ ∩ ̃
̃ ƓĄ ) = ƓĄ ∈
̃ ℐĄ, which is
that (⋃ ̃̃ ̃ ƓĄ ) = Ӽ̃ . Then ℐ̃Ą is finer then the
contracted and similar if Ɠ = Ӽ̃ . Let 𝒥̃ =
ƓĄ ∈ ℐĄ
Ą Ą
finite soft ideal over Ӽ. Where the finite soft ideal
̃ ℐ̃ }. Then Ɠ ∈
̃̃ ƑĄ ) ∈
̃ ̃ ̃
𝒥̃Ą ={ƑĄ : ƑĄ is finite}. {ℋĄ : (ℋĄ ∩ Ą Ą ̃ 𝒥Ą because

Proof: Is directed from Definitions (3.1) and (3.3) (ƑĄ ∩ ̃ ℐ̃Ą . To show that 𝒥̃Ą is a soft ideal
̃̃ ƓĄ ) ∈
̃
.∎ over Ӽ .
1. Since (Ӽ̃ ∩ ̃ ℐ̃ . So Ӽ̃ ∉
̃̃ ƑĄ ) = ƑĄ and ƑĄ ∉
̃ ̃ 𝒥̃ .
̃
Ą Ą
There are many properties of maximal soft ideal,
the following theorems show that. 2. Let ℋ ∈ ̃ ̃
̃ 𝒥 and Ɗ ⊆ ̃ ℋ . Imply that
̃
Ą Ą Ą Ą
̃ ℐ̃ and (Ɗ ∩
̃̃ ƑĄ ) ⊆
̃ ̃ ̃ (ℋ ∩
̃ ̃
(ℋĄ ∩ Ą Ą ̃ ƑĄ ) ⊆ Ą ̃ ƑĄ ) .
Theorem 3.7.
But ℐ̃Ą is a soft ideal then (ƊĄ ∩ ̃̃ ƑĄ ) ∈
̃
̃ ℐ̃Ą .
The following statements are equivalent:
1. A soft ideal ℐ̃Ą over Ӽ is maximal soft ideal. So ƊĄ ∈̃ 𝒥̃Ą .
̃
̃ ℐ̃ , then (ℋ ∩ ̃ ̃ ℐ̃ and
2. For each ƑĄ ⊆ ̃ Ӽ̃ , then either ƑĄ ∈
̃ ̃ ℐ̃ or
̃ 3. Let ℋ1Ą , ℋ2Ą ∈ ̃ Ą 1Ą ̃ ƑĄ ) ∈̃ Ą
Ą
ƈ̃ ̃
̃
̃ ̃
̃ ̃ ̃
(ℋ ∩ Ƒ ) ∈ ℐ . Since ℐ is a soft ideal, then
Ƒ ∈
Ą
̃
̃ℐ .
Ą
2Ą Ą Ą Ą
̃̃ ƑĄ ) ∪
(ℋ1Ą ∩ ̃̃ (ℋ2Ą ∩ ̃ ℐ̃Ą
̃̃ ƑĄ ) ∈
̃
3. ℐ̃Ą Contains all those soft sub sets ƑĄ of Ӽ̃ which
.
̃ Ɠ ) ≠ Ӽ̃ for eachƓ ∈ ̃ ̃ So(ℋ1Ą ∪̃̃ ℋ2Ą ) ∩ ̃ ℐ̃Ą and we
̃̃ ƑĄ ∈
̃ have
(ƑĄ ∪̃ Ą Ą ̃ ℐĄ .
(ℋ ∪ ̃̃ ℋ ) ∈ ̃ 𝒥̃ .
̃
4. For any two soft sub sets Ƒ and Ɠ of Ӽ̃ such
Ą Ą
1Ą 2Ą Ą

̃̃ ƓĄ ) ∈
̃ ̃
̃ ℐ̃Ą , we have either ƑĄ ∈
̃ ℐ̃Ą To prove that ℐ̃Ą ⊆ ̃ 𝒥̃ . Let Ɗ
̃ Ą Ą
̃ ℐ̃ .
̃
∈ Ą
that (ƑĄ ∩
̃̃ ̃
̃ ̃
̃
Since(ƊĄ ∩ ƑĄ ) ⊆ ƊĄ , then (ƊĄ ∩ ƑĄ ) ∈ ̃
̃ ̃ℐ and
or ƓĄ ∈̃ ℐ̃Ą .
̃ Ą

Proof: so ƊĄ ∈ ̃ 𝒥̃Ą . Therefore ℐ̃Ą = 𝒥̃Ą . Hence


̃ either
Ƒ ∈
Ą ̃ ℐ̃ or Ɠ ∈
̃
Ą ̃ ℐ̃ .
̃
Ą Ą

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Baghdad Science Journal Vol.15(3)2018

4) ⟹ 1). Let ℐ̃Ą be a soft ideal satisfy the


̃ ℐ̃ . But 𝜑̃ = (Ƒ ∩̃ ƈ̃ Example 4.2.
̃
condition, then 𝜑̃ ∈ Ą Ą ̃ ƑĄ ) for any Let Ӽ be a universal set such that Ӽ = {ɦ1 , ɦ2 } and
soft sub set Ƒ of Ӽ̃ , then by part 4 either Ƒ ∈ ̃ ℐ̃
̃ let Ą ⊆ ĘӼ be a parameters such that Ą = {ę1 , ę2 } .
Ą Ą Ą
or ƑĄ ∈ ƈ̃
̃ ℐ̃Ą . By part1 we have ℐ̃Ą is maximal soft
̃ Let Ʈ̃
̃ = {𝜑̃, Ӽ̃ , Ƒ1Ą , Ƒ2Ą , Ƒ3Ą } be a soft topological
ideal over Ӽ. ∎ space and let ℐ̃Ą = {𝜑̃ , Ƒ1Ą , Ƒ2Ą , Ƒ3Ą } ,where
Ƒ1Ą = {(ę1 , {ɦ2 }), (ę2 , φ)},
Corollary 3.8. Ƒ2Ą = {(ę1 , φ), (ę2 , {ɦ2 })} and
Ƒ3Ą = {(ę1 , {ɦ2 }), (ę2 , {ɦ2 })}.
If ℐ̃Ą is maximal soft ideal over Ӽ and
̃Ӻ ∩
̃ ̃ ̃ ̃Ӻ ∈ ̃ ̃ ̃ ℐ̃ The all soft points Ƒ on Ӽ̃
2Ą ̃ … ∩ ᶇĄ ̃ ℐĄ , that at last one ƑįĄ ∈
̃
Ӻ1Ą ∩ ę
Ą
Ƒ1ę1 = {(ę1 , {ɦ1 }), (ę2 , φ)}, Ƒ2ę1 =
(į = 1, … , 𝓃).
{(ę1 , {ɦ2 }), (ę2 , φ)}, Ƒ3ę1 =
Corollary 3.9. {(ę1 , Ӽ), (ę2 , φ)}, Ƒ4ę2 =
If ℐ̃Ą is maximal soft idealover Ӽ and {(ę1 , φ), (ę2 , {ɦ1 })}, Ƒ5ę2 = {(ę1 , φ), (ę2 , {ɦ2 })}
and Ƒ6ę2 = {(ę1 , φ), (ę2 , Ӽ)}.
Ƒ1Ą , Ƒ2Ą , … , Ƒ𝓃Ą are soft sub sets of Ӽ̃ such that
̃ Since Ƒ2ę1 = Ƒ1Ą , Ƒ5ę2 = Ƒ2Ą and ƝƑ2ę1 =
{ƑįĄ ƈ : į = 1, … , 𝓃} covers Ӽ̃ , then some ƑįĄ ∈
̃ ℐ̃Ą
̃
{Ӽ̃ , Ƒ , Ƒ }, Ɲ
1Ą 3Ą = {Ӽ̃ , Ƒ , Ƒ }
Ƒ5ę2 2Ą 3Ą
(į = 1, … , 𝓃).
ƈ̃ ̃
̃ ℐ̃Ą
But ƊĄ = Ƒ1Ą = {(ę1 , {ɦ1 }), (ę2 , Ӽ)} ∉
Proportion 3.10. ̃
, Ƒ = Ƒ ƈ = {(ę , Ӽ), (ę , {ɦ })} ∉ ̃ ℐ̃ and
̃
Ą 2Ą 1 2 1 Ą
Let ℘ be a collection of sub sets of Ӽ̃ such that for ̃
̃ ƓĄ = Ƒ3Ą ƈ̃ ̃ ℐ̃Ą
= {(ę1 , {ɦ1 }), (ę2 , {ɦ1 })} ∉
all 𝓃 ∈ 𝒩 and Ƒ1Ą , Ƒ2Ą , … , Ƒ𝓃Ą ∈̃ ℘ we have
̃ 𝓃 ̃ Since ƝƑ3ę1 = ƝƑ4ę2 = ƝƑ1ę1 = ƝƑ6ę2 = {Ӽ̃}, but
⋃į=1 ƑįĄ ≠ Ӽ . Then
̃
Ӽ̃ƈ̃ = φ ∈
̃ ℐ̃
ℐ̃ =
Ą Ą
Thus
{ƑĄ ⊆̃ ℐ̃Ą : there exists Ƒ1Ą , Ƒ2Ą , … , Ƒ𝓃Ą ⊆
̃ ̃
̃ ƑįĄ } is a
Ƒ1ę1 , Ƒ3ę1 , Ƒ4ę2 and Ƒ6ę2 are soft turning points of ℐ̃Ą
soft ideal over Ӽ containing ℘ . Indeed ℐ̃ is the
Ą but Ƒ2ę1 , Ƒ5ę2 are not soft turning point of ℐ̃Ą .
soft ideal generated by ℘.
Proposition 4.3.
Proportion3.11. ̃
Let ℐ̃0Ą be a soft ideal base over Ӽ and Ƒę ∈
̃ Ӽ̃. Then
Let ℘ be a collection of subsets of Ӽ̃ with the finite
̃ ̃ ̃ Ƒę is a soft turning point of ℐ̃0Ą if and only if for
intersection property. Then ℘ƈ = {ƑĄ ƈ : ƑĄ ∈̃ ℘} for
each Ƒ ̃ Ɲ implies Ƒ ƈ̃ ⊆
̃
∈ ̃ℋ
̃ for some
a soft sub base for soft ideal. Ą Ƒę Ą Ą
̃ ℐ̃0Ą .
̃
ℋĄ ∈
Soft Turning Points.
In this section we build up meaning of soft Proposition 4.4.
turning point via soft points knowledge by Shabir ̃
The soft space(Ӽ̃ , Ʈ
̃, Ą) is a soft compact if for each
(2) and we discover association with soft separation
axiom. Also we characterized another idea of soft a soft ideal ℐ̃Ą over Ӽ there exists a finer soft ideal
separation axioms . 𝒥̃ which has a soft turning point.
Ą
Proof :
Definition 4.1.
̃ Suppose Ӽ̃ be a soft compact. Let ℐ̃Ą be a soft ideal
1. If (Ӽ̃ , Ʈ
̃, Ą) be a soft space with soft ideal ℐ̃Ą . ̃ ̃ ̃
over Ӽ and let Қᾼ = {𝒸ℓ(ƑĄ ): ƑĄ ƈ ∈
̃ ℐĄ }, then Қᾼ is
Then a soft point Ƒę is called a"soft turning
̃ ̃ ̃ ̃ a family of soft closed sets with the finite
point" if ƑĄ ƈ ∈̃ ℐĄ for each ƑĄ ∈
̃ Ɲ Ƒę . intersection proper because if there exists
2. If ℐ̃ be a soft ideal base over Ӽ and Ƒ ∈ ̃ Ӽ̃.
̃ ̃ ̃ ̃ ̃ ̃ 𝓃 𝒸ℓ(Ƒ )) = 𝜑̃ ,
0Ą ę Ƒ1Ą ƈ , … , Ƒ𝓃Ą ƈ ∈
̃ ℐĄ such that (⋂ į=1 įĄ
Then a soft point Ƒę is called a "soft turning
̃ 𝓃 𝒾𝓃𝓉 (Ƒ ƈ̃ )) = Ӽ̃ , ̃ 𝓃 Ƒ ƈ̃ ) =
point" of ℐ̃0Ą if and only if Ƒę is a soft turning then (⋃ į=1 įĄ so(⋃ į=1 įĄ

point of ℐ̃ where ℐ̃ is a soft ideal generated ̃


Ӽ̃ ∈ ̃
̃ ℐ̃Ącontradiction. Let Ƒę ∈ ̃ Қ ). Then for
̃ (⋂
Ą Ą ᾼ
by ℐ̃0Ą .

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Baghdad Science Journal Vol.15(3)2018

̃ ̃ ̃
each ƑĄ ƈ ∈ ̃ ℐĄ and each 𝒱ᾼ ∈ ̃ ƝƑę , we have 3. For each two distinct soft points Ƒę1 ≠ Ƒę2 , Ƒę1 is
̃
̃ ̃ ̃ not a soft turning point of ℐƑ2Ą or Ƒę2 is not a soft
(ƑĄ ∩ ̃
̃ 𝒱ᾼ ) ≠ 𝜑̃ as Ƒę ∈ ̃
̃ 𝒸ℓ(ƑĄ ), so (ƑĄ ƈ ∪ ̃ 𝒱ᾼ ƈ ) ≠
turning point of ℐƑ1Ą .
Ӽ̃, as Ƒę ∈ ̃
̃ 𝒸ℓ(ƑĄ ). Thus from Properties Proof:
ƈ̃ 1) ⟺ 2). By directed by the Definition (2.14).
(3.10).(ℐ̃Ą ∪ ̃ (Ɲ ) ) from subbase for soft ideal
̃ Ƒę
2) ⟹ 3). Let Ƒę1 , Ƒę2 ∈ ̃ Ӽ̃ such that Ƒ ≠
̃ ę1
̃ ̃ ̃
̃ ̃
𝒥Ą , ℐĄ ⊆ 𝒥Ą and Ƒę is a soft turning point for a soft ̃
Ƒę2 . Since Ӽ is SƮ0 _space then Ƒę1 is not
̃
ideal 𝒥Ą . a soft turning point of ℐƑ2Ą or Ƒę2 is not soft
Conversely. Let ℘ be a collection of soft closed sets turning point of ℐƑ1Ą . Suppose Ƒę1 is not
with finite intersection properties. Then by a soft turning point of ℐƑ2Ą then there is ƑĄ
ƈ̃ ̃
̃ ℘}
Properties (3.11), ℋĄ = {ℋĄ ; ℋĄ ∈ from ̃
̃ ƝƑę1 such that ƑĄ ƈ ∉
̃ ̃
̃ ℐƑ , so Ƒę2 ∉ ̃
̃ ƑĄ and we
∈ 1Ą
̃
subbase for soft ideal ℐĄ . By hypothesis there exists ̃ ̃ ̃
have Ƒę2 ∈ ̃ ƑĄ ƈ . ƑĄ ƈ is soft closed set containing
̃ ̃
a soft ideal 𝒥Ą finer then ℐĄ and has a soft turning
Ƒę2 but not Ƒę1 . We get 𝒸ℓ(Ƒę2 ) ⊆ ̃ Ƒ ƈ̃ and
̃
̃
point of 𝒥Ą , say Ƒę . So for each ƯĄ ∈ ̃
̃ ƝƑę and each Ą
Ƒę1 ∉̃ ̃
̃ ƑĄ which implies that Ƒę1 ∉
ƈ ̃
̃ 𝒸ℓ(Ƒę2 ). So we
̃ ̃
̃ ℋĄ we must have (ƯĄ 𝒸̃̃ ∪
𝒱ᾼ 𝒸̃ ∈ ̃ 𝒱ᾼ 𝒸̃̃ ) ≠ Ӽ̃, thus
̃
̃ 𝒸ℓ(Ƒ ) but Ƒ ∉ ̃ 𝒸ℓ(Ƒ ) . Therefore
have Ƒę1 ∈ ̃ ę1 ę1
̃ ę2
(ƯĄ ∩ ̃ 𝒱 ) ≠ 𝜑̃ and we have Ƒ ∈
̃ ̃ 𝒸ℓ(Ƒ ). Since
̃
ᾼ ę Ą 𝒸ℓ(Ƒę1 ) and 𝒸ℓ(Ƒę2 ) are distinct.
𝒱ᾼ is soft closed, then 𝒸ℓ(𝒱ᾼ ) = 𝒱ᾼ , so we have 3) ⟹ 2). Let Ƒę1 and Ƒę2 are two distinct soft
̃ ̃ ̃ ̃ ̃ ̃
Ƒę ∈̃ 𝒱ᾼ . So Ƒę ∈ ̃ ⋂℘. Thus ⋂℘ ≠ 𝜑 . Therefore Ӽ points in Ӽ̃ with 𝒸ℓ(Ƒę1 ) ≠ 𝒸ℓ(Ƒę2 ) we have to
is soft compact. ∎ ̃, Ą) is SƮ _space .Then we can find one
prove (Ӽ̃, Ʈ̃ 0

Corollary 4.5. point Ƒę3 in Ӽ̃ such that it belongs to one of the


The soft space(Ӽ̃, Ʈ̃, Ą) is a soft compact if every
̃ closures above say 𝒸ℓ(Ƒę1 ). Claim Ƒę1 is not in
maximal soft ideal over Ӽ has a soft turning point . 𝒸ℓ(Ƒę2 ). In fact, suppose Ƒę1 ∈ ̃ 𝒸ℓ(Ƒ ). Then
̃ ę2
Proof: ̃
̃ 𝒸ℓ(Ƒℯ2 )
Ƒę1 ⊆ ̃
̃ 𝒸ℓ (𝒸ℓ(Ƒę2 )) =
and 𝒸ℓ(Ƒę1 ) ⊆
Directly from Theorem (4.4), if Ӽ̃ is soft compact, ̃ 𝒸ℓ(Ƒ ) ⊆
̃ ̃ 𝒸ℓ(Ƒ ), which is a
̃
𝒸ℓ(Ƒ ). So Ƒ ∈
ę2 ę3 ę1 ę2
then for every maximal soft ideal ℐ̃Ą there exists a ̃ 𝒸ℓ(Ƒ ) and
contradiction . Accordingly Ƒę1 ∉ ̃ ę2
soft ideal 𝒥̃Ą finer then ℐ̃Ą (ℐ̃Ą ⊆
̃ 𝒥̃Ą ) and there
̃
̃ ̃
ƈ
̃ (𝒸ℓ(Ƒę2 ) also since 𝒸ℓ(Ƒę2 ) is
consequently Ƒę1 ∈
exists a soft turning point of a soft ideal 𝒥̃Ą . But ℐ̃Ą
soft closed. Hence (𝒸ℓ(Ƒ )ƈ̃ is soft open set in Ӽ̃
ę2
is maximal soft ideal, then ℐ̃Ą = 𝒥̃Ą and we have ℐ̃Ą ̃ (𝒸ℓ(Ƒ )ƈ̃
̃
containing Ƒę1 but not Ƒę2 . Since Ƒę2 ∉ ę2
is a soft turning point.
then 𝒸ℓ(Ƒę2 ) ∉̃
̃ ℐƑ . Hence Ƒ is not
Conversely. Suppose any maximal soft ideal has a 2Ą ę1
soft turning point. To show that Ӽ̃ is soft compact. a soft turning point of a soft ideal ℐƑ2Ą and we
Let ℐ̃Ą is a soft idea over Ӽ, then by Theorem (3.5), ̃, Ą) is SƮ _space.∎
have (Ӽ̃, Ʈ
̃ 0
there exists a maximal soft ideal 𝒥̃ such that
Ą Theorem4.7.
(ℐ̃Ą ⊆
̃ 𝒥̃Ą ).
̃ The property of a space being a SƮ0 _spaceis
preserved under injection, soft open and hence is
By hypothesis 𝒥̃Ą has a soft turning point. So by a soft topological property .
Theorem (4.4) Ӽ̃ is soft compact. ∎
Proof :
Theorem 4.6. ̃
Let (Ӽ̃ , Ʈ
̃, Ą) be SƮ0 _space and let 𝒻 be injection
For any soft space (Ӽ̃, Ʈ ̃, Ą), the following
̃ ̃
open mapping of (Ӽ̃ , Ʈ
̃, Ą) subjective another soft
statements are equivalent: ̃ , 𝛿̃, Ɓ).
space (Ƴ ̃
1. Ӽ̃ is SƮ0 _space.
Then we want show that
2. For each two distinct soft points Ƒę1 ≠ ̃ , 𝛿̃, Ɓ) is also a SƮ _space. Let Ƒ , Ƒ be any
̃
(Ƴ 0 ę1 ę2
Ƒę2 , we have 𝒸ℓ (Ƒę1 ) ≠ 𝒸ℓ(Ƒę2 ). two distinct points of Ƴ ̃ . Since 𝒻 is onto soft
̃
mapping , there exists distinct points Ƒ , Ƒ of Ӽ̃
ę3 ę4
such that 𝒻(Ƒę3 ) = Ƒę1 and 𝒻(Ƒę4 ) = Ƒę2 . Since

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Baghdad Science Journal Vol.15(3)2018

̃
(Ӽ̃ , Ʈ
̃, Ą) is SƮ0 _space, then Ƒę3 is not a soft then Ƒę is a soft turning point of ℐ̃0Ą ,the converse
turning point of ℐƑę4 or Ƒę4 is not soft turning point may be not true.
of ℐƑę3 . Suppose Ƒę3 is not a soft turning point of
ℐƑę4 , then there is aƮ_ soft open nhd ƑĄ of Ƒę1 such
that Ƒ ƈ ∉ ̃ ℐ , so Ƒ ∉
̃ ̃ ̃ Ƒ .Since 𝒻 is an open and
̃ Proof:
Ą Ƒę4 ę4 Ą
injective mapping, 𝒻(ƑĄ ) is a 𝛿_ soft open set Let Ƒę be a soft turning point of 𝒾𝓃𝓉(ℐ̃0Ą ). Then by
̃
Properties (4.3), for each Ɠ,Ą ∈
̃ ƝƑę there exists
containing 𝒻(Ƒę3 ) = Ƒę1 and not containing
𝒻(Ƒę4 ) = Ƒę2 . In other words, 𝒻(ƑĄ ) is a 𝛿_ 𝒾𝓃𝓉(Ƒ ) ∈ ̃ 𝒾𝓃𝓉(ℐ̃ ) such that (Ɠ, )ƈ̃ ⊆
̃ ̃ 𝒾𝓃𝓉(ℐ̃ ).
̃
Ą 0Ą Ą Ą
soft open nhd of Ƒę1 not containing Ƒę2 . So that ̃ Ƒ , then ̃ Ƒ , i.e. for each
̃
Since 𝒾𝓃𝓉(ƑĄ ) ⊆ Ą ̃
⊆ Ą(Ɠ,Ą )ƈ̃
̃
(𝒻(ƑĄ ))ƈ̃ ∉
̃ ℐƑ and we have Ƒę1 is not a soft
ę2 , ̃
̃ ƝƑę there exists ƑĄ ∈
ƓĄ ⊆ ̃ ̃
̃ ℐ0Ą such that
turning point of a soft ideal ℐƑę2 over Ƴ. Hence ̃ Ƒ . Again by Properties (4.3), we get Ƒ is
, ƈ̃ ̃
(Ɠ ) ⊆ Ą ę
̃ , 𝛿̃, Ɓ) is also SƮ0 _space. Since the property of
̃

Ą
a soft turning point of ℐ̃0Ą .∎
being SƮ0 _space is preserved under injective, onto
open soft mapping, if is a certainly preserved under
By Theorem (4.9) and by Definition (2.10) part 1
homeomorphisms. Hence it is a soft topological
we get the following result :
property.
If we take Let Ӽ = {ɦ1 , ɦ2 } and Ą = {ę1 , ę2 } .Let
Also, we can take another prove to Theorem ̃
(2.15) by using properties of the soft turning points, ̃ = {𝜑̃, Ӽ̃ , ƑĄ , ƓĄ , ℋĄ , ƊĄ } be a soft topological
Ʈ
as follows : space and where
̃
Let (Ӽ̃ , Ʈ
̃, Ą) be a SƮ0 _space we prove that every ƑĄ = {(ę1 , {ɦ1 }), (ę2 , {ɦ2 })} , ƓĄ =
̃ {(ę1 , Ӽ), (ę2 , {ɦ2 })} ,
subspace Ƴ ̃ of Ӽ̃ is SƮℐ _space. Let Ƒ , Ƒ be two
0 ę1 ę2
̃ ̃
̃ . Since Ƴ
̃⊆̃ Ӽ̃ , then Ƒ , Ƒ are
̃ ℋĄ = {(ę1 , {ɦ2 }), (ę2 , {ɦ2 })} and
distinct points of Ƴ ę1 ę2
̃ ̃
also distinct points of Ӽ . Again since (Ӽ, Ʈ ̃, Ą) is a
̃ ƊĄ = {(ę1 , φ), (ę2 , {ɦ2 })}
SƮ0 _space, then Ƒę1 is not The all soft points Ƒę on Ӽ̃ are
a soft turning point of a soft ideal ℐƑ2Ą over Ӽ or Ƒ1ę1 = {(ę1 , {ɦ1 }), (ę2 , φ)}, Ƒ2ę1 =
Ƒę2 is not a soft turning point of {(ę1 , {ɦ2 }), (ę2 , φ)}, Ƒ3ę1 =
a soft ideal ℐƑ1Ą over Ӽ. Suppose Ƒę1 is {(ę1 , Ӽ), (ę2 , φ)}, Ƒ4ę2 =
not a soft turning point of a soft ideal ℐƑ2Ą . So that {(ę1 , φ), (ę2 , {ɦ1 })}, Ƒ5ę2 = {(ę1 , φ), (ę2 , {ɦ2 })}
̃ Ɠ but Ɠ 𝒸̃ ∉
̃ ̃ ̃
̃ and Ƒ6ę2 = {(ę1 , φ), (ę2 , Ӽ)}
∃ Ʈ_soft open sets Ɠ such that Ƒ ∈
Ą ę1 Ą Ą
ℐƑę2 . Then ̃ 𝛿̃) is Ʈ _soft open set
Ɠ,Ą =(ƓĄ ∩
̃ and ƝƑ = {Ӽ̃ , ƑĄ , ƓĄ },
1ę1
Ƴ
such that Ƒę1 ̃ , ̃
̃ ƓĄ but Ƒę2 ∉
∈ ,
̃̃ Ɠ,Ą
̃ ƓĄ . So that Ƒę1 ∈ ƝƑ2ę1 = {Ӽ̃ , ℋĄ , ƓĄ }, ƝƑ 3ę1
= {Ӽ̃ , ƓĄ },
̃ ℐ
but (Ɠ, )ƈ̃ ∉
̃ ℐƳƑę2 is soft ideal over Ƴ.
ƳƑę2 where
ƝƑ4ę2 = ƝƑ6ę2 = {Ӽ̃} and
Ą
Hence Ƒę1 is not ƝƑ5ę2 = {Ӽ̃, ƑĄ , ƓĄ , ℋĄ , ƊĄ }.
soft turning point of a soft ideal ℐƳƑ2Ą over Ƴ, so ƈ̃ ̃
Let ℐ̃0Ą = {𝜑̃, ƑĄ ƈ , ƓĄ , ℋĄ ƈ } is soft ideal base, so
̃
̃, Ʈ
̃
(Ƴ ̃ , Ą) is SƮ _space.
̃Ƴ 0
each soft points in Ӽ̃ are soft turning point of
Lemma 4.8. ℐ̃0Ą.But
̃
Let (Ӽ̃ , Ʈ
̃, Ą) be a soft space and ℐ̃Ą be a soft ideal 𝒾𝓃𝓉(ℐ̃ ) = {φ}.

base over Ӽ , then 𝒾𝓃𝓉(ℐ̃ ) = {𝒾𝓃𝓉(Ƒ ) = So Ƒ4ę2 , Ƒ6ę2 are soft turning point of
0Ą Ą
̃ ℐ̃0Ą } is a soft ideal over Ӽ.
̃ 𝒾𝓃𝓉(ℐ̃0Ą )but Ƒ1ę1 , Ƒ2ę1 , Ƒ3ę1 , Ƒ5ę2
ƑĄ ∈
are not soft turning points of 𝒾𝓃𝓉(ℐ̃0Ą )
Theorem 4.9.
Let Ӽ̃ be a soft space , and ℐ̃Ą be a soft ideal base Theorem 4.10.
over Ӽ . If Ƒ is a soft turning point of 𝒾𝓃𝓉(ℐ̃ ) ̃, Ą), we have the following
For any soft space (Ӽ̃, Ʈ
̃
ę 0Ą
statements are equivalent:

358
Baghdad Science Journal Vol.15(3)2018

1. Ӽ̃ is soft regular space. ̃


Let(Ӽ̃ , Ʈ
̃, Ą) be a soft space. Ӽ̃ is a SƮℐ1 _space if
2. For any soft ideal base ℐ̃0Ą, Ƒę is a soft turning and only if for each Ƒ , Ƒ ∈ ̃
̃ Ӽ̃ such that Ƒ ≠
ę1 ę2 ę1
point of
Ƒę2 , Ƒę1 and Ƒę2 are soft closed sets in Ӽ̃ .
ℐ̃0Ą if and only if Ƒę is a soft turning point
of 𝒾𝓃𝓉(ℐ̃0Ą ).
Proof: Definition 4.15.
1) ⟹ 2). Let Ӽ̃ be a soft regular space and let ̃, Ą) is called"SƮℐ1 _space" if for
A soft space (Ӽ̃, Ʈ
̃
̃ Ӽ̃. Then for each Ƒ ∈
̃ ̃ ̃Ʈ ̃ such
̃ 2
Ƒę ∈ Ą ̃ ƝƑę there is ƓĄ ∈̃ any two distinct soft points
that Ƒ ∈ ̃
̃Ɠ ⊆ ̃
̃ 𝒸ℓ(Ɠ ) ⊆ ̃
̃Ƒ . ̃
̃ ̃ ̃
Ƒę1 , Ƒę2 ∈ Ӽ, there exists a soft ideal ℐĄ over Ӽ such that
ę Ą Ą Ą
̃ Ɲ there is Ɠ ∈
̃ ̃̃̃
So that for each ƑĄ ∈ Ƒę Ą ̃ Ʈ such that Ƒ is not a soft turning point of ℐ̃ or Ƒ is not a
ę1 Ą ę2
soft turning point of ℐ̃Ą .
̃ ̃ ̃
Ƒ𝒸̃ ⊆
Ą
̃ 𝒾𝓃𝓉(Ɠƈ ) …1 Ą
So that if Ƒę is a soft turning point of ℐ̃0Ą, then there Note 4.16.
̃ ̃ From above Definition (2.14) and Definition (4.11).
is ℋĄ ⊆ ̃ ℐ̃0Ą such that ƓƈĄ ⊆
̃ ̃ ℋĄ and we have Every soft Ʈℐ1_space is soft Ʈ0 _space and every
̃ƈ
𝒾𝓃𝓉(Ɠ ) ⊆ ̃ 𝒾𝓃𝓉(ℋ ) . From(1) we have Ƒƈ̃
̃ soft Ʈ0 _space is soft Ʈℐ1 _𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒 .
Ą Ą Ą
2
̃
̃ 𝒾𝓃𝓉(ℋĄ ) . So that Ƒę is a soft turning point
⊆ Example 4.17.
of𝒾𝓃𝓉(ℐ̃0Ą ). Let Ӽ = {ɦ1 , ɦ2 } ,Ą = {ę} and Ʈ ̃={𝜑̃ , Ӽ̃, Ƒ , Ƒ },
̃ 1Ą 2Ą
Conversely. Direct from Theorem (4.8). where Ƒ1Ą , Ƒ2Ą are open soft sets over Ӽ where
2) ⟹ 1). Suppose that Ӽ̃ is not a soft regular space. Ƒ1Ą = {(ę, {ɦ1 })} , Ƒ2Ą = {(ę, {ɦ2 })}.
̃ Ӽ̃ and a soft open set ̃
Then ∃ a point Ƒę ∈ ̃ Then (Ӽ̃ , Ʈ
̃, Ą) are soft Ʈ0 _space, soft Ʈℐ1 _space
ƑĄ ∈̃ Ɲ with the property.
̃ Ƒę and softƮℐ1 _space.
If ƓĄ ∈ ̃
̃ ƝƑę then 𝒸ℓ(ƓĄ ) is not contained in ƑĄ . Ƒę is 2
Theorem 4.18.
a soft turning point of a soft ideal base The property of a space being a SƮℐ1 _space is
̃ ̃ ̃ 2
(𝒾. ℯ. ) ƓĄ ∈̃ ƝƑę , then ƑĄƈ is not contained in (ƓƈĄ ) preserved under injective soft open and hence is a
̃ ̃
. ℐ̃ ={Ɠ : Ɠƈ ∈
0Ą ̃ Ɲ }, but by Lemma (4.7) Ƒ is not
Ą Ą Ƒę ę
soft topological property.
Proof:
a soft turning point of ℐ̃0Ą contradiction with 2. The prove is directed by the Definition ( 4.15) and a
Therefore Ӽ̃ is a soft regular space.∎ Theorem (4.7). ∎
Definition 4.11. Theorem 4.19.
A soft space (Ӽ̃, Ʈ ̃, Ą) is called"SƮℐ _space" iff
̃ Every soft sub space of a SƮℐ1 _space is a
1 2

∀ Ƒ ,Ƒ ∈ ̃ ̃
̃ Ӽ, Ƒ ≠ Ƒ then Ƒ is not SƮℐ1 _space.
ę1 ę2 ę1 ę2 ę1 2
a soft turning point of ℐƑ2Ą or Ƒę2 is not a soft Proof:
turning point of ℐƑ1Ą . The prove is directed by the Definition ( 4.15) and a
Theorem 4.12. Theorem (2.15). ∎
The property of a space being a SƮℐ1_space is Theorem 4.20.
preserved under injective soft open and hence is a Let ƑĄ be a soft compact subset of a SƮℐ1 _space
2
soft topological property. ̃
(Ӽ̃, Ʈ
̃, Ą) and suppose Ƒ1Ą ∈̃ Ƒƈ̃ . Then ∃ soft open
̃ Ą
Proof:
The prove is directed by the Definition ( 4.11) and ̃ ̃
̃ ƓĄ , ƑĄ ⊆
sets ƓĄ , ℋĄ ∋ Ƒę1 ∈ ̃
̃ ℋĄ , ƓĄ ∩
̃ ℋĄ = 𝜑̃.
Theorem (4.7).∎
Theorem 4 .13. Corollary 4.21.
Every soft sub space of a SƮℐ1 _space is a Let Ӽ̃ be a soft compact SƮℐ1 _space
SƮℐ1_space. 2

Proof: ̃
(Ӽ̃ , Ʈ ̃ Ӽ̃ and ℐ̃ be a soft ideal base over
̃, Ą), Ƒę ∈
̃ 0Ą
The prove is directed by the Definition ( 4.11) and Ӽ. Ƒę is a soft turning point of ℐ̃0Ą if and only if Ƒę is
Theorem (2.15).∎
Theorem 4.14. a soft turning point of 𝒾𝓃𝓉(ℐ̃0Ą ).

Conflicts of Interest: None.

359
Baghdad Science Journal Vol.15(3)2018

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1117.

‫حول نقاط التحول المرنة‬

‫لؤي عبد الهاني السويدي‬ ‫فاطمه سليم صاحب عوض‬

.‫ العراق‬،‫ بابل‬،‫ جامعة بابل‬،‫ كلية التربية للعلوم الصرفة‬،‫قسم الرياضيات‬

:‫الخالصة‬
‫ استخدمنا هذه المفاهيم لتحديد‬، ‫وبسبب تطبيقاتها الواسعة ومرونتها الكبيرة لحل المشاكل‬،1999 ‫المجموعات المرنة عرفت منذ‬
‫ و أخيراً استخدمنا تلك النقاط لتعريف انواع جديدة من بديهيات الفصل‬. ‫انواع جديدة من النقاط المرنة التي أطلقنا عليها نقاط التحول المرنة‬
.‫المرنة و دراسة أهم خواصها‬

. ‫ المجموعات المرنة ونقاط التحول المرنة‬،‫ بديهيات الفصل المرنة‬،‫ المرنة المثالية‬،‫ المرصوصة المرنة‬:‫الكلمات المفتاحية‬

360

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