‫ فاضل علي فاضل عنبر‬:‫اعداد الطالب‬

‫مختبرات طبيه‬:‫القسم‬
‫ الثالثه‬:‫المرحله‬
A2‫ الكروب‬:

Hormones:

Hormones are chemicals that are produced in the endocrine glands, and in turn they control
most major physical functions such as hunger to complex systems such as reproduction,
even emotions and moods.

So understanding the main hormones in the body and the nature of their work will help you
to maintain your health better, and this is what you will find in the following lines of this
article.

What are hormones?

The best way to answer this question is to look at some of the major glands that work
together to produce and manage the main hormones in the body:

Hypothalamus: responsible for body temperature, hunger, moods, thirst, sleep and sex.

Parathyroid glands (Hypoparathyroidism): This gland controls the amount of calcium in the
body.

Thymus: This plays a role in enhancing immune system function.

Pancreas: This gland produces insulin that helps control blood sugar levels.

Thyroid: contains hormones associated with burning calories and heart rate.

Adrenal gland: controls the hormones responsible for sexual ability and cortisol, the stress
hormone.

Pituitary: The pituitary is part of the endocrine system, and it controls a number of other
hormonal glands that stimulate growth.

Pineal: also called hypothalamus, this gland produces serotonin derivatives of melatonin
that controls sleep.

Ovaries: Female sex hormones are secreted like estrogen, testosterone, progesterone.

Testes: The male hormone produces testosterone and sperm.

Types of hormones

The body contains many different hormones, but some types have a greater role in the
health
and well-being of the body, as follows:

1- Women's hormones, which consist of:

Estrogen (or estradiol): responsible for puberty, preparing the body and uterus for
pregnancy, regulating the menstrual cycle.

Progesterone: The main sex hormone is not considered like estrogen, but it helps to
regulate the menstrual cycle and plays a role in pregnancy.

2- Stress Hormone: Cortisol helps the body respond to stress and fatigue.

3_ Melatonin: The levels of this hormone change throughout the day, and increase after
dark to stimulate the body for responses that cause sleep.

4_ Men hormones: Testosterone is the main sex hormone in men, responsible for puberty,
increased bone density, stimulation of facial hair growth, muscle mass growth and strength.

The main functions of hormones

Hormones travel through the bloodstream to the tissues, to deliver various messages that
tell members what to do and when to do it, so they are responsible for the following vital
processes:

Metabolic rate and appetite.

Heart rate.

Sleep.

Sexual function.

Moods and stress levels.

Body temperature.

Overall growth.

Disruption of hormones in the body

A person may experience hormonal imbalance that results in the symptoms below:

Unexplained weight gain or weight loss.

Unexplained or excessive sweating.

Difficulty falling asleep.

Dry skin or rash. Changes in blood pressure and heart rate.

Osteoporosis.

Changes in the concentration of sugar in the blood.

Increased thirst.

Unexplained fatigue.

Sterility.

Blurred vision.

Reasons for hormonal imbalance

There are several health reasons that cause hormonal imbalance in the body, including:

Chronic or severe tension.

Having type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

Insufficiency or hyperthyroidism.

Malnutrition and overweight.

Take hormonal or birth control medications.

Pituitary tumors.

The presence of high levels of the hormone cortisol in the blood or the so-called Cushing's
syndrome.

Addison's disease is associated with low levels of cortisol and aldosterone.

Chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

Treatment of hormonal imbalance

If you have hormonal imbalances, follow the treatments below:

Metformin: helps to manage or reduce blood sugar levels.

Medications that contain levothyroxine: such as synthroid and levotroid, which contribute
to improving symptoms of hypothyroidism.

Testosterone medications: reduce the symptoms of hypogonadism in men that cause low
testosterone levels such as delayed puberty or stunting.