LUNG CANCER

BY
MAHMOUD KAMAL MOHAMMED SAEED
GROUP-C-
Lung Cancer: Introduction
Lung cancer is cancer that starts in the cells that make up
the lungs. Many other types of cancer, such as breast or
kidney, can spread (metastasize) to the lungs. When this
happens, the cancer is not called lung cancer. This is
because cancer is named for--and treatment is based on--
the site of the original tumor.
For example, if breast cancer spreads to the lungs, it will be
treated as metastatic breast cancer, not lung cancer.

What are the types of lung cancer?

Lung cancer is divided into two main types:

1. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): About 85% to

90% of lung cancers are non-small cell. This cancer has 3
types.
 Adenocarcinoma: This is the most common type of
NSCLC. It's the most common type of lung cancer in
nonsmokers.
 Squamous cell carcinoma (epidermoid
carcinoma): This type of NSCLC develops more often in

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 smokers or former smokers. These cancers tend to start
in the middle part of the lungs near the main airways (the
bronchi).
 Large cell carcinoma: This is the least common type of
NSCLC. It tends to quickly grow and spread to other
organs. This can make it harder to treat.

2. Small cell lung cancer (SCLC): Only about 10% to 15%

of people with lung cancer have small cell lung cancer. It
is also called oat cell cancer. It grows and spreads more
quickly than non-small cell lung cancer. It often spreads to
other parts of the body at an early stage.

How lung cancer spreads?

Lung cancer, like all cancers, can act differently in each
person, depending on the kind of lung cancer it is and the
stage it is in. But when lung cancer spreads outside the
lungs, it often goes to the same places.

The first place lung cancer usually spreads to is the lymph

nodes in the center of the chest. These lymph nodes are
called mediastinal lymph nodes. Lung cancer may also
spread to the lymph nodes in the lower neck. In its later

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stages, lung cancer may spread (metastasize) to distant
parts of the body, like the liver, brain, or bones.

Sign and symptom of the lung cancer?

 a persistent cough
 coughing up blood
 persistent breathlessness
 unexplained tiredness and weight loss
 an ache or pain when breathing or coughing.

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 CAUSES OF LUNG CANCER:
Most cases of lung cancer are caused by smoking,
although people who have never smoked can also
develop the condition.

 Smoking:

Smoking cigarettes is the single biggest risk factor for lung

cancer.It's responsible for more than 85% of all cases.

If you smoke more than 25 cigarettes a day, you are 25

times more likely to get lung cancer than a non-smoker

 Passive smoking:

If you don't smoke, frequent exposure to other peoples

tobacco smoke (passive smoking) can increase your risk of
developing lung cancer.

For example, research has found that non-smoking women

who share their house with a smoking partner are 25% more
likely to develop lung cancer than non-smoking women who
live with a non-smoking partner.

 Radon

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Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas thatcomes
from tiny amounts of uranium present in all rocks and soils. It
can sometimes be found in buildings.

If radon is breathed in, it can damage your lungs, particularly

if you're a smoker. Radon is estimated to be responsible for
about 3% of all lung cancer deaths in England.

DIAGNOSING LUNG CANCER:

 Chest X-ray
 CT scan
 PET-CT scan
 PET-CT scan
 Bronchoscopy and biopsy
 Percutaneous needle biopsy
 Thoracoscopy
 Mediastinoscopy

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 Treatment of lung cancer:
 Radiotherapy
 Surgery
 biological or targeted therapy
 and chemotherapy
 Cryotherapy
 Photodynamic therapy

PREVENTING LUNG CANCER:

 Diet
Research suggests that eating a low-fat, high-fibre diet,
including at least five portions a day of fresh fruit and
vegetables and plenty of whole grains, can reduce your risk
of lung cancer, as well as other types of cancer and heart
disease.

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  Exercise
There is strong evidence to suggest that regular exercise
can lower the risk of developing lung cancer and other types
of cancer.

Adults should do at least 150 minutes (2 hours and 30

minutes) of moderate-intensity aerobic activity each week.

Source:
https://zana.com/a/lung-cancer-preventing-lung-
cancer.3001

https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.a
spx?contenttypeid=34&contentid=16333-
1#:~:text=Lung%20cancer%20is%20cancer%20that,site
%20of%20the%20original%20tumor.

https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-
lookup/lung-cancer/learn-about-lung-cancer/what-is-
lung-cancer/lung-cancer-basics

https://www.health.com/condition/lung-cancer/lung-cancer-
treatment

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Thank you for your attention

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