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GKTODAY
Current Affairs [PDF] - January 1-31, 2020
Last Updated: June 01, 2020
: ननन नन
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Contents
January 1, 2020
1. Report of Task Force on National Infrastructure Pipeline released
2. Rabi Crop Sowing increase by 36 lakh hectares
3. Results of Swachh Survekshan League, 2020 released
4. Kerala: the first state to pass anti-CAA resolution
5. PM Modi to release third instalment of Kisan Samman Nidhi
6. RPF renamed as Indian Railways Protection Force Service; Railway prices hiked
7. List of Nuclear Installations exchanged between India and Pakistan
8. India will overtake Germany; Become 4th largest economy in the world in 2026
9. 10,000 cameras to be used in Gujarat Lion Census, 2020
10. UNICEF Report: More than 1,70,000 violations against Children
January 2, 2020
11. PM Modi: 5 DRDO laboratories dedicated to nation
12. Election Commission launches PPRTMS-an online system
13. RBI launches MANI application for visually challenged
14. Andhra Pradesh Government plans to deliver sand at door steps
15. Lists of Civilian prisoners and fishermen exchanged between India and Pakistan
16. Guru Gobind Singh Birth anniversary Celebrated
17. Sale of Darjeeling Tea affected by illegal influx of Nepal Tea
18. GoI misses its disinvestment target
19. NITI Aayog: Link private medical colleges with district hospitals
20. Indian Science Congress to begin at Bengaluru
January 3, 2020
21. 2020 Designated as “Year of Nurse and Midwife”
22. India to set strict restrictions on non-essential imports from China
23. Palau first country to ban sunscreen to protect Coral Reefs
24. World Book Fair, 2020 at New Delhi
25. Khelo India Youth Games to be held in Guwahati
26. PM Modi pays tribute to Savitribai Phule on her birthday
27. Farmer Suicide: Steep rise in Maharashtra; highest in 4 years
28. Ministry of External Affairs creates “NEST” to increase investment coordination
29. First Silk Processing plant in Gujarat to boost “PATOLA SAREE” production
30. 2636 EV Charging Stations sanctioned under Phase II FAME India
January 4, 2020
31. 171 Hospitals de-empanelled under Ayushman Bharat Scheme
32. US army kills Iranian Commander Soleimani: India’s Concerns
33. India’s Foreign Exchange touches all time high of 457.468 billion USD
34. January 4: World Braille Day
35. “Cyber Safe Initiative” launched by Maharashtra Government
36. Lai Haraoba Festival begins in Tripura
37. Vertical Farming: A silent Revolution in Agriculture
38. FSI: 21.4% of forest cover prone to forest fires
January 5, 2020
39. NHRC issues notice to Rajasthan Government
40. I-Stem portal; DRDO Science Expo launched at the Indian Science congress
41. Project NETRA: ISRO Signs pact to set up optical Telescope
42. Turtle Rehab Centre in Bihar-First of its kind
43. Odisha’s Bhitarkanika National Park Census: Increase in Salt Water Crocodiles
44. National Pension Scheme for traders: Not successful as expected
45. APEDA: Eight States finalise Agricultural Action Plan to boost Exports
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January 6, 2020
46. GoI to confer first “Antarrashtriya Yoga Diwas Media Samman”
47. MECOS-3, 2020: Global Marine Ecosystem Meet in Kochi
48. India Russia to sign MoUs on AK-203 assault rifles
49. India’s UJALA Programme completes 5 successful years
50. Iran withdraws from the JCPOA deal completely
51. AI powered National Stock Exchange Knowledge Hub inaugurated in New Delhi
52. BEE sets new standards for ACs: Default temperature set to 24 Degree Celsius
53. ICMR releases report on Sugar Intake of India, Report first of its kind
54. Global Drosophila Conference held at Pune
January 7, 2020
55. 2020 observed as Year of Mobility by CISF
56. Zo Kutpui Festival organised in Mizoram
57. ISRO launches Massive Human Space Flight Centre in Challakere, Karnataka
58. Yoga Science Meet, Farmers Science Congress held at Indian Science Congress in Bengaluru
59. Oman ships arrive to participate in Indo-Oman bilateral Naval Exercise “Naseem Al-Bahr”
60. Centre approves disaster relief fund to seven states
61. IDRSS: ISRO new satellite to help Gaganyaan crew
62. IMD’s State of Climate Report: 2019 the seventh warmest year since 1901
63. GoI releases First Advance Estimates: GDP Growth Rate predicted as 5%
64. World Bank Study: Effect of Automation on FDI flows
January 8, 2020
65. Second National GST Conference of Central and State Tax Commissioners held
66. UIDAI’s 10-year success-The State of Aadhaar Report
67. NITI Aayog: List of high export potential medical devices created
68. Indian Army begins work on GOCO Model
69. LIGO: Second Merger of Neutron Stars detected
70. Cabinet approves North East Natural Gas Pipeline Grid
71. Cabinet approves India-Mongolia Agreement on exploration of outer space
72. Cabinet approves India’s MoUs with UK, Sweden and BMGF
January 9, 2020
73. CCI report on E-Commerce Market of India
74. Indian Pompano fish cultivation-First Scientific Experiment
75. World Bank’s Global Economic Prospect: World Economic Growth projected at 2.5%
76. The Pulses Conclave 2020 to be held in Lonavala, Maharashtra
77. Railways: First Solar Power and plans to Link J&K with rest of India
78. Milan 2020: Indian Navy to host multi-nation military drill
79. Nirbhaya funds: IP based video surveillance in railways & Fast Track Courts
January 10, 2020

80. GoI releases Year End Review report of Energy Sector in the Country
81. India-Germany sign MoU on Zero Budget Natural Farming
82. January 9: Pravasi Bharatiya Divas
83. Supreme Court: Access to Internet-a fundamental right
84. Four Colonial structures re-dedicated to Kolkata
85. Amma Vodi scheme launched in Andhra Pradesh
86. IEA launches India’s Energy Policy Report
87. Gujarat to import water soluble fertilizers from China
88. January 10: World Hindi Day
89. India deploys INS Vikramaditya amidst Sea Guardians-The China-Pakistan naval drill
January 11, 2020

90. State Energy Efficiency Index released by GoI
91. India erects “steel fence” across Pakistan, Bangladesh border
92. GoI to launch Purvodaya to accelerate Eastern India Development
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93. GoI established I4C and a portal to deal cyber crimes
94. Corona Virus: A new stain of virus found in China
95. India attends Hormuz Peace Initiative
January 12, 2020

96. “Cyber AASHVAST” Cyber Crime Prevention Unit launched in Gandhinagar, Gujarat
97. LCA Tejas: The First Indigenous Aircraft to make an arrested Landing
98. Raisina Dialogue to be held New Delhi
99. January 12: National Youth Day
100. Ordinance promulgated to amend coal mining laws
101. Commemorative stamps released on 150th celebrations of Kolkata Port Trust
January 13, 2020

102. 200 fighter jets to be acquired by Indian Air Force
103. Report says STEM jobs raising in India
104. World Future Energy Summit and CLIX to be held at Abu Dhabi
105. Shopper Malware: 14% Indians affected
106. NIIT to be a part of NEAT programme
107. Australian Koalas become endangered in bush fires
108. ISRO to launch GSAT-30 satellite
109. GoI: 6th Island Development Agency meeting held in New Delhi
January 14, 2020

110. Statue of Unity included in 8 Wonders of SCO; SCO heads meet: first time in India
111. January 14: Armed Forces Veterans Day
112. Regulations of Drones in India hastened
113. Fuel Upgradation for Indian Navy
114. Retail Inflation at 5-year high of 7.35% in December, 2019
115. MoU between Railways and SBI for door step banking
116. Indian Railways: MoU with RailTel; Content on Demand Services to raise non-fare revenue
117. Muppavarapu Venkaiah Naidu National Award to Prof M S Swaminathan
118. January 15: IMD Foundation Day
January 15, 2020

119. National Draft Policy on Rare Diseases
120. Annual Status of Education Report 2019
121. WHO releases Global Health Challenges for 2020
122. New Rules to sell hallmarked gold Artifacts
123. GoI launches Saksham, a mega campaign on fuel conservation
124. First digital exhibition on Indian Heritage inaugurated
January 16, 2020

125. January 15: Indian Army Day
126. WEF: Global Risks Report, 2020
127. RAISINA DIALOGUE: Ind-Fin MoU; Russia on India’s UNSC membership and Indo-Pacific
128. Henley Passport Index launched
January 17, 2020

129. First Session of India-Norway Dialogue held in New Delhi
130. “Globalizing Indian Thought”, an International Conclave held at Kozhikode
131. Food Processing Summit held in Ladakh
132. Historic Bru-Reang Refugee agreement signed-34,000 displaced to settle in Tripura
133. India-World Bank sign 88 million USD to implement Assam Inland Water Transport Project
134. Sahyog-Kaijin-India-Japan joint exercise for Coast Guards
135. Bangladesh: Regularly submerging Island to house 100,000 Rohingya refugees
136. Winged Raider: Indian Army’s largest airborne exercise-500 troops participate
137. National Information Centre sets up Centre of Block Chain Technology in Bengaluru
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January 18, 2020
138. NITI Aayog and Ladakh UT sign MoU to develop Infrastructure projects
139. “APNA UREA-SonaUgle” brand of HURL launched-To increase Urea Production
140. Russia: Production of S-400 missiles begins; China-India-Russia meet in March 2020
141. Amazon to invest 1 billion USD in India; Create 1 million jobs
142. J&K Development: Rs 2000 crore for Z-Morh Tunnel; 36 Union Ministers’ visit
143. Tuberculosis: India renames its programme; WHO endorses India developed tech-TrueNAt MTB
144. Firsts of Census 2021: Cereals eaten, transgender run houses
145. Industrial Meet of ‘Wings India’-Asia’s largest Civil Aviation Event held at Bengaluru
146. ELECRAMA-Indian Electrical Industry Showcase inaugurated
147. GoI launches “Seismic Hazard Microzonation” to minimize earthquake disasters
January 19, 2020

148. World Gold Council report: RBI ranks 6th in buying gold abroad
149. Myanmar-China sign 33 deals of BRI: Increases China’s ease of access of Indian Ocean
January 20, 2020

150. K-4 Nuclear capable Underwater missile test fired by India
151. National Ganga Mission Begins Conservation of wet lands along the Ganges
152. National Immunization Day observed in India
153. India to set up Maritime Research Coordination Centre in Sri Lanka
154. Group of Ministers report on legal framework to prevent sexual harassment
155. Report on Central and State Water Departments based on Efficiency Targets: Gujarat leads
156. 1 trillion USD required to achieve UN’s Decarbonization Target of Shipping Industry
157. Delhi Government releases Guarantee card on free bus services, water & electricity
158. National Agricultural Export Authority, APEDA launched 186 product testing laboratories
159. India prepares for Corona Virus-Steps of Health Ministry
160. NIC organizes Tech Conclave in New Delhi on “Technologies for NextGen Governance”
January 21, 2020

161. UNCTAD releases Global investment Trend report: India among top 10 recipients of FDI
162. “TIGERSHARKS”, First Squadron of Sukhoi-30 MKI aircraft inducted by IAF in Tamil Nadu
163. Carbon Disclosure Project: India ranks 5th
164. GoI launches paperless licensing of petroleum service stations
165. Global Social Mobility Index launched at World Economic Forum: India ranks 76th
January 22, 2020

166. Claims against India under Bilateral International Treaty dismissed
167. Women Power at Republic Day parade: Tania Shergil and CRPF bikers
168. Start Up India-first time in Republic Parade; Indian Navy
169. India Nepal inaugurate new check post, Jogbani-Biratnagar at the border
170. 32nd interaction of PRAGATI held: Rs 24,000 crores worth projects discussed
171. India joins Reskilling Revolution Initiative at World Economic Forum as a Founding Member
172. World Economic Forum Survey: World loses hopes in Climate Science; Indians are most-trusting
173. World Economic Forum: 1 trillion trees and report on Password role in Cyber Crime
January 23, 2020

174. Facts Box: “Three Capital Bill” of Andhra Pradesh
175. National Startup Advisory Council setup to boost Startups and Innovations
176. India-Brazil: BIT to be signed; Cabinet approves agreements on legal assistance, Oil
177. India participates at United Nations AIDS Programme at World Economic Forum
178. Democracy Index released: India ranks 51; Slips 10 positions
179. January 23: Birth Anniversary of Subhash Chandra Bose celebrated
180. Ghana inspired by India’s Ujjwala; India to assist; MoU signed
181. Facts Box: ILO’s Labour Report, 2020
182. Defence Ministry approved procurement of 5,100 crores of hardware
January 24, 2020

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183. Phase Out of Ozone Depleting Chemicals achieved by India
184. “Vyom Mitra”-ISRO’s half Humanoid-An experimental mission of Gaganyaan
185. January 24: National Girl Child Day
186. National Data and Analytics Platform released by NITI Aayog
January 25, 2020

187. 25 January – National Voters Day
January 26, 2020

188. Ganga-Volga Dialogue held with Russia to enhance Connectivity
189. Department of Biotechnology held International Summit on Women in STEM
190. India & World Bank sign Agreement of 210 million USD in agriculture and rural transformation
191. India’s first Super Fab Lab inaugurated in Kerala
192. Indian Railway’s first Waste to Energy Plant uses “PolyCrack” Technology
January 27, 2020

193. Bharat Parv, a festival of culture being held at Red Fort
194. India-Brazil ink 15 agreements during Brazil President’s visit on Republic Day
195. Padma Awards announced on Republic Day
196. DRDO displays A-SAT weapon system at Republic Day Parade
197. Shiv Bhojan Tali Scheme launched in Maharashtra
198. Kobe Bryant, a retired NBA star dies in Helicopter Crash
199. Global Potato Conclave to be held in Gujarat
200. Andhra Pradesh Cabinet nods to abolish Legislative Council
201. GoI signs “Historic Accord”, Bodo Agreement
202. January 27: International Holocaust Remembrance Day
203. GoI new Target: Indian Railways to run 100% on electricity by 2024
January 28, 2020

204. Corona virus: WHO increases global risk from moderate to high
205. India’s first underwater Metro: To begin in March 2022 in Kolkata
206. Bengal becomes the fourth state to pass resolution against CAA
207. US: 25,000 Child porn cases in 5 months in India; Rajya Sabha panel report on child porn
208. January 28: Lala Lajpat Rai Birth Anniversary Celebrated
209. Resolution against CAA in European Parliament; India’s Measures
210. Britain releases new 50 pence coin marking BREXIT
211. Passport Renewal Reminder Services begun by Passport Seva Kendras
212. Report Card on Smart Cities to be released by June 2020
213. MGNREGA scheme faces funds shortage
January 29, 2020

214. Supreme Court: African Cheetah permitted to be introduced in India
215. 10 more Wet lands declared Ramsar Sites: Maharashtra gets its first Ramsar site
216. Bhuvan Panchayat 3.0 launched by ISRO
217. Composite Regional Centre launched in Port Blair
218. “Operation Vanilla” launched by Indian Navy for Disaster Relief at Madagascar
219. National Commission for Homeopathy bill, 2019 approved by Cabinet
220. Cabinet: National Commission for Indian System of Medicine Bill, 2019 approved
221. The Medical Termination of Pregnancy (Amendment) Bill, 2020 approved by Cabinet
222. Cure for Corona Virus: AYUSH recommends Unani Medicines
223. “Madhavpur Mela” of North East reviewed; Cabinet approves 30% NEC allocation to new projects
January 30, 2020

224. NITI Aayog’s Aspirational District Ranking released: Chandauli of UP tops
225. World Sustainable Development Summit organized by TERI first time in New Delhi
226. War Memorial built by Assam Rifles in Nagaland
227. Surajkund Mela-International Crafts Fair organized by Haryana with HP as theme state
228. UN Development Programme: Telangana tops sustainable growth goals performer list
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229. January 30: World Neglected Tropical Diseases Day
230. Transparency International: Assam tops in budget formulation
231. SAMPRITI-IX: India-Bangladesh Joint Military Exercise to be held in Meghalaya
232. Indian Railways to roll out Automatic Identification and Data Collection
233. Indian National Commission for Cooperation with UNESCO held in New Delhi
January 31, 2020

234. WHO: International Health Emergency declared over Corona Virus
235. World Games Athlete of the Year, 2019-Title won by Rani Rampal
236. CII celebrates 125 years; Tamil Nadu CM launches new scheme at the event
237. Google: Tangi Application; AI Model for Killer Whales; 1 million USD Grant
238. TERI: India’s Steel Demand to increase carbon emissions by 600 MT
239. Economic Survey 2020 tabled in the Parliament by the Finance Minister
240. Amazon partnering with Eastern Railways sets up pick-up kiosk in Kolkata after Mumbai
241. ISRO preparing 500 low cost satellite launch vehicles in 5 years
242. Vidya Bal-Social Activist, Feminist passed away
243. Indian Railways: First Banana Container Train to boost exports; First High Capacity Parcel Van
244. First indigenous bio-jet fuel powered IAF aircraft lands successfully in Leh
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January 1, 2020
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1. Report of Task Force on National Infrastructure Pipeline released
On December 31, 2019, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman released a report of task
force on National Infrastructure on Pipeline (NIP) 2019-2025. The task force was set up in
order to draw up National Infrastructure Pipeline from fiscal year 2019-20 to 2024-25.
1. Highlights of the report

The report says that between 2020 and 2025 GoI has planned investment in
infrastructure sectors such as roads, railways, urban, energy. These sectors account to
70% of infrastructure investments planned. The plan is to invest 102 lakh crores of
rupees by 2025 and make India a 5 trillion-dollar economy.
2. Highlights: Energy
According to the report, the total capacity of Indian Energy Sector is 356 GW. Out of this,
thermal constitutes 66%, renewable energy constitutes 22%, hydro sector constitutes
13% and nuclear around 2%. The vision set for 2025 is raise the total capacity of power
to 619 GW of energy by decreasing thermal energy to 50%, increasing renewable to
39%, hydro to 9% and maintaining nuclear energy at the same level.
3. Highlights: Transport sector
3.1. Railways
The current freight traffic of Indian Railways is at 33%. The report says that GoI has
planned to increase the private sector participation in freight traffic. GoI will add 30% of
net cargo by 2025 and will increase private trains to 500.
3.2. Port
There are around 12 major ports in India. The total capacity of the ports is 2 billion tons.
According to the report, the capacity of the ports are to be increased to 2.5 billion tons.
3.3. Airport
Today, India ranks 3rd in aviation sector. The aim is to improve India to 2nd position.
4. Highlights: Agriculture
In India, currently, the Food Corporation of India has installed 7.25 lakh metric tons of
silos. According to the report, the storage capacity is to be increased to 100 lakh MT.
4.1. Irrigation
The area under irrigation in India is 68 million hectares. This is to be increased to 85
million hectares by 2025. The micro irrigation that covers 15% of irrigated area is to be
increased to 28%. Also, pricing methods based on water-quality are to be adopted.
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5. Highlights: Digital Infrastructure
India ranks second in terms of mobile phones with 119 crore mobile subscribers. The aim
is to make India rank one in the sector. Currently, internet penetration in the sector is
40% and the aim is to increase this to 80%.
6. Highlights: Urban sector

Around 25% of urban household have drinking water in their premises in the country.
This is to be increased to 100%. India ranks 120th in water quality index and 70% of
water in the country is contaminated. Advanced techniques are to be used to maintain
water quality.
7. Highlights: Rural Sector

Around 18% of rural households receive piped water supply. Under Jal Jeevan Mission,
this is to be increased to 100% by 2024.
2. Rabi Crop Sowing increase by 36 lakh hectares
The Ministry of Agriculture on December 31, 2019, announced that the sowing area of
rabi crops have increased by 36 lakh hectares. This is mainly due to improvement in soil
moisture in Rabi growing states.
1. Highlights
The total area under Rabi crops was 536 hectares last year and this has increased to 571
hectares. Of these, wheat has been sown in 297 lakh hectares, rice has been sown in 14
lakh hectares, coarse cereals in 46 lakh hectares and oilseeds in 74 lakh hectares.
2. Rabi crops
The major Rabi crops in India are wheat, barley, sesame, peas, mustard. They are sown
in winter between October and December and are harvested in summer between April
and June. The major Rabi crop growing states in the country are UP, Uttarakhand,
Punjab, Haryana, J&K and Himachal Pradesh.
3. Release of Estimates
Annually, the agriculture ministry releases four estimates of agricultural crops. These
estimates provide a detailed report on the sowing of crops in the country. The estimates
are released in the months of September (when Kharif sowing is completed), February
(after Rabi sowing is completed), April-May and in July-August.
3. Results of Swachh Survekshan League, 2020 released
The Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs on December 31, 2019, released Swachh
Survekshan League in New Delhi. Around 4,372 cities participated in the league. It is a
cleanliness survey that helps in competitive federalism.
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1. Highlights
In the category of 10 lakh plus population, Indore secured first place. Indore has
remained in first place for the last three years. Following Indore, Bhopal and Surat are in
second and third places respectively. In the category of population between one lakh
and 10 lakhs, Jamshedpur was in 1st spot following New Delhi and Khargone.
2. Indicators
The focus of the survey was on waste water treatment, faecal sludge management. The
survey also focused on implementation of ODF+, water plus and ODF++ protocols of the
ministry of housing and urban affairs.
3. Significance
In Competitive Federalism, the relationship between Central and state governments are
vertical and between the state governments are horizontal. The ranking of the cities
based on cleanliness helps in promoting competition among them. The idea was mooted
during economic reforms in the country in 1990s. The states will compete with each
other that will help achieve efficiency in administration also will enhance developmental
activities.
4. Kerala: the first state to pass anti-CAA resolution
The Kerala Government on December 31, 2019, passed a resolution to rollback the
Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) that was passed during this winter session of
Parliament. According to the Kerala Government, the CAA act contradicts the basic
principles of Constitution.
1. Highlights
According to the Government of Kerala, the act was against secularism and has
triggered widespread protests in the country. The act also dented India’s image among
the International community
2. The act and the issue

The Citizenship Amendment Act, 2019 was passed in December 2019. The act amended
Citizenship act passed in 1955. It allows Hindus, Buddhists, Sikhs, Jains, Christians and
Parsi religious minorities to gain Indian citizenship. It also includes the minorities who
have fled from countries such as Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh. The issue
around the act is that it does not include Muslims.
3. Concerns of North East

Though the ongoing protests in the country is predominantly against its non-secular
feature, North Eastern states are against the overall act. The north-eastern citizens,
especially Assam, fear that the act will grant citizenship to immigrants and refugees
causing loss of their political, cultural and land rights. This will also motivate further
immigration from Bangladesh.
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5. PM Modi to release third instalment of Kisan Samman Nidhi
PM Modi is to release the fourth instalment of Pradhan Mantri Kisan Yojana in Tumakuru,
Karnataka. The Prime Minister will also confer “Krishi Karmanya” award to three
fishermen and 28 progressive farmers from various states.
1. Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Yojana

The scheme was first introduced in Telangana as “Rythu Bandhu” scheme. Under the
scheme, a certain amount is given to eligible farmers. Eventually, the scheme was
accoladed for its huge success all over the world including World Bank.
2. Installments
Since the launch of the scheme, three installments were released. The fourth installment
of the scheme is to be released by the Prime Minister. The scheme is being implemented
by the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare. In 2019 budget, annual expenditure
of Rs 75,000 crores was allocated to the scheme.
3. Objectives
The scheme was launched to improve the income of small and marginal farmers. It will
help farmers to fulfil their crop health and yields. It also helps farmers from falling under
the hands of moneylenders in meeting their basic expenses.
6. RPF renamed as Indian Railways Protection Force Service; Railway

prices hiked
The Railways Ministry has renamed Railway Protection Force (RPF) as Indian Railway
Protection Force Service. The ministry has also accorded Group A status to RPF.
1. Railway Protection Force

The RPF was formed under the Railway Protection Force Act, 1957. Under the act, the
RPF personnel have powers to search, arrest, investigate and prosecute. However, the
ultimate power lies in the hands of Government Railway Police. RPF works under the
control of Ministry of Railways.
2. History
The RPF was first formed in 1854 when the Railway construction was begun in India for
the first time. However, it received its legal identity for the first time under Police act,
1861. In 1872, the Railway Police Committee recommended organization of Railway
Police Force.
3. Government Railway Police (GRP)

These Police forces are different from that of the RPF. The GRP was established under
Railway’s Act, 1989. The duties of GPF is same as that of District Police such as
patrolling. But they hold their jurisdiction only on railway property. They observe law and
order within the railway stations in the country. Also, the GRP examine empty train
carriages, prevent overcrowding and control vehicle traffic inside the station premises.
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4. Price Hikes
The Indian Railways has increased the train fares to 1p per km from January, 1, 2020 in
non-suburban trains and non-air-conditioned trains. The fares have been hiked by 2p per
km. The price hike was published by Indian Railway Conference Association.
7. List of Nuclear Installations exchanged between India and Pakistan
On January 1, 2020, India and Pakistan exchanged their nuclear installations under an
agreement that prevents them from attacking each other’s atomic facilities. The practice
is being followed for 29 years for now.
1. Highlights
India and Pakistan exchanged the list of nuclear installations under the Agreement on
Prohibition of attack against nuclear installations. The exchange was done based on
diplomatic channels simultaneously in Islamabad and New Delhi. The first of the
exchange took place on January 1, 1992.
2. Agreement on Prohibition of attack against Nuclear Installations

The agreement was signed between Pakistan President Benazir Bhutto and Indian PM
Rajiv Gandhi. It was signed on December 31, 1988.
3. History
Between 1986 and 1987 Indian Army carried out massive exercise Brasstacks that
created fear of attacks on Pakistan nuclear facilities. The fear of Pakistan was the base
for the countries to sign the agreement.
4. Operation Brasstacks
The Operation Brasstacks was conducted by the Indian Army in Rajasthan. It was the
largest troop mobilizations of the Indian forces. The goal of the operation was to deploy
ground troops. It also aimed at conducting amphibious assault exercises near by
Pakistan Naval bases. It was the biggest exercise of its period since World War II. It was
bigger than that of NATO exercises.
8. India will overtake Germany; Become 4th largest economy in the

world in 2026
According to a report released by UK based Centre for Economics and Business Research
(CEBR), India will overtake Germany in 2026 to become the world’s fourth largest
economy. The report also said that by 2034, India will overtake Japan and become third
largest economy in the world
1. Highlights
Today, India is the fifth largest economy in the World after US (20.49 trillion USD), China
(13.41 trillion USD), Japan (4.97 trillion USD) and Germany (4 trillion USD). In 2019, India
had successfully overtaken France and Germany to reach rank 5.
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2. CEBR
The CEBR provides independent economic forecasting to 100s of public and private
organizations. It was founded in 1960s as Bureau of Business Research. The centre is
currently working on economic policy research, local forecasting, national, state level
data analysis. It releases publications on transportation, energy and public finance.
9. 10,000 cameras to be used in Gujarat Lion Census, 2020
The Wildlife Institute of India (WII) is to conduct Asiatic Lion Census in May 2020. The
Institute will use 10,000 cameras to conduct the census.
1. Highlights
In 2015, the WII counted 523 lions in Gujarat. It is expected that the numbers have risen
phenomenally and the population must have crossed 1,000. The census is to adopt the
technology of National Tiger Conservation Authority. The entire census area is to be
divided in to 3-km grid. Officers will collect hair, nails, teeth, etc. The collection process
is to be carried out using scientific methods laid out by NTCA. Around 1,000 to 2,000
officers are to be employed. In the second phase, 10,000 cameras are to be used to
capture the lions.
2. Asiatic Lions
The Asiatic Lions in Gujarat are restricted to Gir National Park in the state. The lions are
listed as “Endangered” in the IUCN Red List. Initially the lions were spread from the east
of Indus river to West Bengal and also to Narmada river in Central India. However, today
they are restricted to Gujarat alone. Asiatic lions belong to the category of Pantherine
cats.
3. Pantherine Cats
The lion is one among the 5 Pantherine Cats inhabiting in India. The other 4 pantherine
cats in India are Bengal Tiger, Snow Leopard, Indian Leopard and Clouded Leopard.
Under IUCN red list, Bengal Tiger has been listed as Endangered, and the three leopards
snow leopard, clouded leopard and Indian leopard have been listed as Vulnerable
10. UNICEF Report: More than 1,70,000 violations against Children
On December 31, 2019, the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) released its annual
report. The report stated that since 1989, the number of countries experiencing conflicts
has increased and the attacks on children has increased as well.
1. Highlights
According to the report, the number of attacks on children since 2010 has increased
three-fold. The agency has hence named the decade as “Deadly Decade”. The report
also stated that the number of countries experiencing violence has increased since
1989. The year 1989 has been specified as the Convention on Rights of Child was passed
in 1989.
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2. Convention on Rights of Child, 1989
According to the convention, any child below the age of 18 is called a child. Around 140
countries have signed the convention. India is also a signatory. The convention sets out
social, political, economic, civil and cultural rights of every child. The rights include right
to education, right to protection against physical abuse, right to rest and leisure.
January 2, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
11. PM Modi: 5 DRDO laboratories dedicated to nation
On January 2, 2020, PM Modi will dedicate five DRDO laboratories to the country. The
laboratories are for young scientists to boost their research capabilities.
1. Highlights
PM Modi will inaugurate the laboratories during his 2-day visit to Bengaluru. The labs will
act as a platform to identify young scientists up to the age of 35 years. DRDO will also
exhibit some of its innovative products to the PM during his visit. The event is to be
conducted at the Aeronautical Development Establishment, DRDO. During the event PM
will also release the fourth instalments of PM Kisan Samman Nidhi. The scheme was
launched at national level based upon the success of Rythu Bandhu scheme in
Telangana.
2. Significance
The laboratories involving young scientists will ensure that India remains forefront in
advancements in the domain.
3. DRDO
There are over 52 Defence Research Development Organization Laboratories in the
country. They are engaged in fields such as developing missiles, aeronautics,
armaments, land combating engineering, etc. The organization operates under Ministry
of Defence.
12. Election Commission launches PPRTMS-an online system
On January 1, 2020, the Election Commission of India launched an online system that will
allow political parties to track their applications. The system is called Political Parties
Registration Tracking Management System (PPRTMS).
1. Highlights
The system will track applications registered by political parties. The status of the
application shall be obtained through SMS or e-mail. The system works on a real time
basis.
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2. Section 29A of RP act, 1951
Under the section, a party has to submit an application to the election commission within
30 days of its formation. Under the act, a party is eligible to get registered as “National
Political Party of India” only if it satisfies following criteria
13. RBI launches MANI application for visually challenged
On January 01, 2020, the Reserve Bank of India launched the MANI application for
visually challenged persons to identify new currency notes that were launched after
demonetization. MANI is Mobile Aided Note Identifier.
1. Highlights
MANI application scans currency notes using camera and gives audio output in Hindi and
English. The Government of India launched several currency notes under “Mahatma
Gandhi series”. Under the new series, denominations of Rs 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500 and
2,000 were released before 2 years. There were challenges faced by visually challenged
in identifying these notes. Hence, the application has been launched to help visually
aided in easily identifying the notes. However, the application does not detect genuine
or counterfeit notes.
2. Mahatma Series Notes

The Mahatma Gandhi Notes were introduced in 1996. The currency was called so as the
notes prominently displays portrait of Gandhiji. These notes replaced the Lion Capital
Series. These notes have several security features.
3. Security Features
They contain a security thread that can be seen as a straight line against a line source.
Also, it contains the word “Bharat” written in Devanagari script. It reveals a hidden
image of Mahatma when held against light source at an angle of 45 degrees. It also
holds water mark and fluorescence. These notes were replaced by the Mahatma Gandhi
(new) series that were launched in 2016.
4. The Intaglio Print

The currency notes hold intaglio print to help the visually impaired read the
denominations. Intaglio is raised shape that are present in all notes other than Rs 10.
Vertical rectangle is present in Rs 20, square in Rs 50, triangle in Rs 100, circle in Rs
500. Rs 2000 notes has a raised print of horizontal rectangle.
14. Andhra Pradesh Government plans to deliver sand at door steps
The Andhra Pradesh Government announced that it will deliver sand at customers’ door
steps. As a pilot project, the government is to begin the initiative on experimental basis.
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1. Highlights
Under the new initiative, the government will collect transportation charges from the
customers and deliver sand at door steps. In order to make the initiative successful, the
Andhra Pradesh Mineral Development Corporation will stock 15 lakh tons of sand per
month for the next four months. At present, the demand for sand in the state is 80,000
tonnes a day. The step will help address issues of sand scarcity and sand mafia.
2. Legislation of sand mining

Section 23C of the MMDR act, 1957 provides rules to prevent illegal mining of sand.
According to the rules, the state governments are empowered to frame rules in order to
prevent illegal mining, storage and transportation of sand.
3. MMDR act, 1957

The Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) act, 1957 provides complete
legislation to mines and minerals. It includes minor minerals such as gravel, clay,
building stones and sand as well.
15. Lists of Civilian prisoners and fishermen exchanged between India

and Pakistan
On January 1, 2020, India and Pakistan exchanged list of prisoners and fishermen. The
countries exchange the information every year on 1st January and 1st July. They also
exchanged nuclear installations alongside on the same day.
1. Highlights
Pakistan shared the lists of 227 fishermen and 55 civilian prisoners who are Indians or
believed to be Indians. The lists were shared based on the provisions of 2008
agreement. Similarly, India shared lists of 99 Pakistani fishermen and 267 prisoners.
2. 2008 Agreement
In 2008, India and Pakistan signed an agreement to allow consular access to prisoners in
each countries. The Agreement was highlighted during the Kulbhushan Jadhav case in
the International Court of Justice. According to the agreement, the provision of consular
access should be provided to the person within three months of arrest. However, Mr
Jadhav was denied of such acess.
3. Kulbhushan Jadhav
Pakistan has arrested Kulbhushan Jadhav in Balochistan saying he was an Indian Naval
Officer. The Pak army court then sentenced him to death claiming him to be a spy of
Indian Government. However, India declined the accusations and filed a case against
death sentence at the International Court of Justice. According to India, Mr Jadhav retired
from Navy in 2001 and was working in Iran. The ICJ has put the death sentence on hold.
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16. Guru Gobind Singh Birth anniversary Celebrated
On January 2, 2019, India celebrated the birth anniversary of Guru Gobind Singh. He is
considered to be the 10th Guru of Sikhs. He was born on January 5, 1666.
1. Guru Gobind Singh

Guru Gobind Singh founded Sikh Warrior community called Khalsa in 1699. He
introduced five Ks in Sikhism. It is called the “Panj Kakar”, They are uncut hair (Kesh), an
iron bracelet (kara), a wooden comb (Kangha), 100% cotton undergarment (Kachera)
and iron dagger (Kirpan).
2. Sikh gurus
Guru Nanak founded Sikhism in 1469 and was the first Sikh Guru. He was succeeded by
nine gurus. Guru Gobind Singh was the last guru of Sikhism. In 1708, the guruship was
passed on to the holy sikh scripture Guru Granth Shib. According to Sikh, the holy text is
now the living Guru for the followers of Sikhism.
17. Sale of Darjeeling Tea affected by illegal influx of Nepal Tea
The prices of Darjeeling Tea that recently received GI tag has fell by 20% to 25% due to
unchecked flow of Nepal Tea into the country.
1. Highlights
Nepal Tea also known as Himalayan Tea is very similar to that of Darjeeling Tea in
aroma, flavor and taste. But Nepal Tea is 50% cheaper than that of Darjeeling Tea. This
is being misused by many traders. Nepal tea can be imported by anyone freely under
Free Trade Agreement between India and Nepal.
2. Issue
Most of the Nepal Tea is uncertified. On the other hand, 70% of 87 estates growing
Darjeeling Tea are certified organic. The annual export of Darjeeling Tea was Rs 600
crores. Experts believe that it would have touched Rs 700 crores if Nepal Tea hadn’t
played its role.
3. GI Tag
The Darjeeling Tea and White Tea received GI Tag recently in November 2019. The GI
tag is provided to fetch an identity for the product international market and increase its
exports. When such products develop fake, their exports get affected greatly.
18. GoI misses its disinvestment target
Government of India misses its disinvestment target as the plan to sell Bharat Petroleum
Corporation Limited (BPCL), Air India and Container Corporation of India has not been
succeeded.
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1. Highlights
The Government had planned to sell 53.3% of BPCL, 31% of Concorp as per latest
market prices. The Government had set the Disinvestment target of Rs 1.05 trillion for
the year 2019-20. However, it was only able to extract Rs 17,364 crores. This has
increased burden on the economy of the country as the fiscal deficit of the Government
has already touched 115% of the budget estimated for the year 2019-20 as far as
November 30. The deficit will increase further as there are another 4 months (Dec-Mar)
to go before the financial year ends. The data was released by the Controller General of
Accounts.
2. What is Windfall money?

Windfall money is the term used for unexpected money good fortune. The RBI
transferred the windfall to the GoI on recommendation of Jalan Committee.
3. Air India
Among all the disinvestment targets, Air India is the least performing and at huge losses.
In order to solve the problem, recently it was announced that Air India will stop issuing
tickets to government agencies that owe more than Rs 10 lakh due. This included
defence accounts, CBI, BSF, Enforcement Directors, customs commissioners, etc.
19. NITI Aayog: Link private medical colleges with district hospitals
On January 1, 2020, the Government Think Tank released its Draft “Model Concession
Agreement for Setting Up Medical Colleges under Public Private Partnership” guideline
document. Under the guideline the think tank has suggested Public Private Partnership
(PPP) model to link private medical colleges and district hospitals.
1. Highlights
The suggestion will address the issues of limited resources and finances in medical
education. The model is already operative in the states of Gujarat and Karnataka. This
will also help in increasing medical seats. Also, this will help to bridge the gap of
shortage of doctors in the country. According to WHO, there is only one government
doctor for every 10,189 people in the country. Also, there is shortage of 2 million nurses
in India. Therefore, the move is very much required.
2. Concessionaire
The think tank has suggested appointment of concessionaire to design, operate, build
and maintain the medical colleges. The concessionaire shall also be allowed to charge of
Rs 10 as registration fees. The concessionaire shall absorb minimum of 150 students
annually.
3. Significance
The PPP model ensures high quality and timely provision of services. They also help in
hastening Government projects. Overall, PPP models provide better public services.
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20. Indian Science Congress to begin at Bengaluru
On January 3, 2020, PM Modi will inaugurate Indian Science Congress at Bengaluru. The
theme of the Congress is
1. Highlights
The 107th Indian Science Congress is to be held between January 3, 2020 and January 7,
2020. The event will act as a common platform for researchers, scientists and
academicians. Around 28 plenary sessions are to be held during the event. It includes
leading technologies such as Climate Smart Agriculture for food security, challenges in
cancer drugs, nano materials for energy, solutions for oil and gas, environment and
health care.
2. Farmers Science Congress

The congress will cover themes of innovation on integrated agriculture. It will also focus
on themes of doubling farmers income, farmer empowerment, conservation, bio
diversity, etc. The experts from ICAR (Indian council of Agricultural Research) and UAS
(University of Agricultural Sciences) will also participate at the event along with the
farmers whose innovative methodologies have brought in huge harvests.
3. Children Science Congress

The Children Science Congress also called the “Rashtriya Kishre Vaiguanik Sammelana”
will also be held alongside 107th Indian Science Congress. The aim of the congress is to
motivate students and increase their participation in scientific and technological fields.
January 3, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
21. 2020 Designated as “Year of Nurse and Midwife”
In the honor of 200th birth anniversary of Florence Nightingale, the World Health
Organization designated the year 2020 as the “Year of Nurse and Midwife”.
1. Highlights
This year, WHO is to focus on nursing and midwifery in order to achieve Universal Health
Coverage. The organization is leading the development of “World Nursing Report” that is
to be launched in 2020. The report is first of its kind. The year is being dedicated to the
midwifery as well as WHO is also a partner of The State of the World’s Midwifery
Campaign.
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2. Florence Nightingale
Florence Nightingale was an English Social reformer born in 1820. She organized camps
for wounded soldiers and also served as a manager of nurses during the Crimean War.
She was called “The Lady with the Lamp” for making rounds on wounded soldiers. Also,
the International Nurse Day is being celebrated in her honor. Every year, the day is
celebrated on May 12. The day is celebrated by the International Council of Nurses.
22. India to set strict restrictions on non-essential imports from China
Ministry of Commerce and industry has announced that 371 items from China will get
strict restriction from March 2020. The move aims at curbing imports of non-essential
items such as plastic goods, toys, furniture, sports.
1. Highlights
The rules are to be framed by the Ministry in coordination with BIS (Bureau of Indian
Standards). Though the rules focus on Chinese imports, it will also be applicable to
Indian producers in order to make the regulations WTO-compliant.
2. Significance
The imports from China that are categorized as non-essential amount to 4 trillion USD.
Also, trade deficit with China is widening and it currently stands at 53.6 billion USD. The
step will help in reducing India’s dependence on China and will also help in curbing low
quality imports from China. This is the main reason why India refused to join RCEP.
23. Palau first country to ban sunscreen to protect Coral Reefs
The Pacific Island, Palau has become the first country to ban sun cream that is harmful
to corals. The country has banned common ingredients used in cosmetics including
oxybenzone.
1. Highlights
The order of the ban was passed in 2018. However, it comes into effect from January 1,
2020. The Rock Islands in the Palau is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The country has
banned 10 ingredients that harm coral reefs. It includes oxybenzone, ethyl paraben,
Octinoxate, Butyl paraben, Octocrylene, methyl benzylidene camphor, triclosan, benzyl
paraben, methyl paraben, phenoxyethanol
2. How are sun creams harmful to corals?

The sun creams absorb UV radiations and make corals susceptible to bleaching. It is
estimated that around 6 to 14,000 tons of sunscreen are washed into reefs annually.
3. Why Palau?
Palau is made of large volcanic islands and small coral reefs. The country has taken
several climatic steps despite of its size. Palau was the second nation to ratify Paris
climate agreement after Fiji.
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24. World Book Fair, 2020 at New Delhi
The New Delhi World Book Fair organized by the National Book Trust is being held for 42
years now. The trust is an apex body of Government of India functioning under Ministry
of Human Resource Development.
1. Highlights
The World Book Fair is to be held between January 4, 2020 and January 12, 2020. The
fair is organized jointly by National Book Trust and India Trade Promotion Organization.
More than 800 exhibitors and 40 foreign exhibitors are to participate in the fair. The fair
also acts as a gateway to the intellectual world of South Asia. The theme of the fair is
2. Significance
The fair promotes readership policies and also supports the markets in neighboring
countries. The fair is important for the Indian market as India is the third largest market
for English publications with more than 12,000 publishers. The fair also attracts investors
from other countries like USA, Japan, Bangladesh, France, Italy, Malaysia, Nepal, Saudi
Arabia, Pakistan, Singapore, Germany and Sri Lanka.
3. National Book Trust

The Indian Publishing House founded in 1957 functions under Ministry of Human
Resource Development. It publishes reading material in several Indian languages that
includes children books and new-literates. The Headquarters of the trust is located in
New Delhi.
25. Khelo India Youth Games to be held in Guwahati
The Khelo India Youth Game is to be held between February 10, 2020 and February 22,
2020 in Guwahati, Assam. The Games are conducted annually.
1. Highlights
Every year national level multidisciplinary grass root level games are conducted under
Khelo India Youth Games event. The games include two categories namely under-17-
year school students and under-21-year college student. Under the event, annual
scholarship of Rs 5,00,000 is given for 1000 kids to prepare them for international
sporting events.
2. Training of Trainers Programme (TOT)

Under the programme, around 160 trainers are trained. The programme is carried out
semi-annually. It includes principals, teachers and physical education trainers. The
programme is also a part of Khelo India project.
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26. PM Modi pays tribute to Savitribai Phule on her birthday
On January 3, 2020, PM Narendra Modi paid his tribute to the Indian Social Reformer
Savitribai Phule. She was born on January 3, 1831.
1. Savitribai Phule
Savitribai is considered as the first female teacher of India. She played vital role in
improving women rights in the country. She is also regarded as “Mother of Indian
Feminism”. She along with her husband Jyotirao Phule founded the first India’s girls’
school in Pune in 1848.
2. Establishments
Savitribai Phule set up “Balhatya Pratibandhak Griha”. That works to prevent female
infanticides, killing of pregnant rape victims and widows. She along with her husband
also founded Satyashodhak Samaj that supported inter-caste marriages.
3. Legacies
A memorial was created for Phule by the Pune City Corporation in 1983. In 2015, The
Union Government renamed University of Pune as Savitribai Phule Pune University. In
1998, a stamp was released in honor of Phule.
27. Farmer Suicide: Steep rise in Maharashtra; highest in 4 years
In November 2019, the number of farmer suicides increased to 300 cases in

Maharashtra. The steep increase in farmer suicides though has crossed 300 several
times, this is the highest since 2015.
1. Highlights
The farmer suicides in the state have increased by 61% in 2019 as compared to 2018.
This was primarily due to unseasonal rains that lashed the state in October and
November. The rains destroyed almost 70% of Kharif crops. The draught prone belt of
Marathwada and Vidarbha recorded the largest number of farmer suicides.
2. The NCRB issue

The National Crime Record Bureau (NCRB) released its report on crime and suicides in
the country in October 2019 for the year 2017. However, the NCRB held back data on
farmers suicide and released it after a month. After holding back, the Bureau released
the report on farmer suicides for the year 2016 claiming farmer suicides in the country
has declined. The record for the year 2017 farmer suicides is yet to be released. Also,
the record for crimes for the year 2018 has not yet been released.
3. Farmer Suicide report

The highest farm suicides were reported in Maharashtra, followed by Karnataka, Madhya
Pradesh, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh in the year 2017. The total number of farm
sector suicides for the year 2016 was 11,379. Out of these, number of farmers were
6,270. In 2015, the farm sector suicides were 12,602 and number of farmers were 8,007.
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28. Ministry of External Affairs creates “NEST” to increase investment
coordination
The Ministry of External Affairs is to set up a new division called NEST-New and Emerging
Strategic Technologies. The division will work to increase investment coordination
among the states of the country and also with the foreign countries.
1. Highlights
The NEST will act as a nodal point to exchange views with foreign governments. This will
help in confronting emerging challenges and scenarios in new technologies. With India
coping with issues of security implications in 5G and artificial intelligence, NEST division
will help India spread emerging technologies among the states. It will also aid in
coordination among domestic ministries and departments.
2. The Emerging Technologies

The top Emerging Technologies in India are Artificial Intelligence and Internet of things.
The emerging 5G technology will improve the performance of IoT platforms.
29. First Silk Processing plant in Gujarat to boost “PATOLA SAREE”

production
On January 3, 2020, the Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) inaugurated the
first “Patola Saree” production unit in Gujarat. This will help to cut down the cost of silk
yarn production and also will increase the sale of raw material for Patola sarees.
1. Highlights
The silk production plant has employed 90 local women of which 70 belong to Muslim
community. The installation cost of the plant was Rs 75 lakh and the KVIC operating
under Ministry of MSME has contributed Rs 60 lakhs. The plant has been built in a
backward district of Gujarat (Surendranagar district). The aim of the plant is to make silk
readily available to Patola saree manufacturers to boost its production.
2. Patola Saree
Patola is the trademark saree of Gujarat. They are highly expensive and were once worn
only by royal aristocratic families. With the new plant, the cost is expected to come
down.
3. History
The Patola silk was founded by the Salvi caste (Scheduled) in the states of Maharashtra
and Karnataka. They moved to Gujarat in 12th century in order to acquire patronage of
Rajputs.
30. 2636 EV Charging Stations sanctioned under Phase II FAME India
The Department of Heavy Industries operating under Ministry of Heavy Industries and
Public Enterprises has sanctioned 2636 Electric Vehicle (EV) charging stations under
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FAME India scheme Phase II. The stations are to be set in 62 cities in 24 states and Union
Territories.
1. Highlights
The aim of the move is to make sure at least one Electric Vehicle charging station is
available in a grid of 4 km × 4km area in the selected cities. Out of the 2636 charging
stations to be constructed, 1633 will be fast charging stations and 1003 are to be slow
charging stations.
2. FAME India
FAME India is Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of (Hybrid) and Electric Vehicles. The
objective of the scheme is to increase the use of electric and hybrid vehicles by offering
incentives. The phase I of the scheme was launched on April 1, 2015 with an allocated
budget of Rs 895 crores. The phase II was launched on April 1, 2019 with an allocated
budget of Rs 10,000 crores.
3. Charging Technologies
India has planned to use three charging technologies. It includes CHAdeMO, Indian
Bharat Standard and Combined Charging System (CCS). CHAdeMO is a quick charging
method that delivers up to 62.5 KW by 500 volt and 125 ampere DC (Direct Current).
The CCS involves both DC and AC charging.
January 4, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
31. 171 Hospitals de-empanelled under Ayushman Bharat Scheme
On January 3, 2020, around 171 hospitals were de-empanelled by Ministry of Health and
Family Welfare for committing fraud. The Ministry had also imposed a fine of Rs 4.5
crores. The FIRs were lodged on 6 hospitals in Uttarakhand and Jharkhand states.
1. Highlights
The Anti-Fraud units detected fake e-cards and lodged FIRs in the corresponding states.
It is the responsibility of the sate health agency to create an e-card and add additional
family member under the scheme if any. The Anti-Fraud Unit detected that the private
hospitals were fraudulently performing these government reserved procedures.
2. Anti-Fraud Units
The Anti-Fraud Units operate under the guidelines provided by National Health Agency
operating under Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.
3. National Health Agency

The National Health Agencies were set up in order to implement India’s flagship scheme
“Ayushman Bharat”. The National Health Authority is the successor of National Health
Agency.
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4. Ayushman Bharat
The scheme aims at covering 10 crore poor families providing health coverage of 5 lakh
rupees per family. The scheme is recently being criticized widely for the increased
fraudulent activities by private hospitals. At least 697 fake cases have been registered in
Uttarakhand alone. However, the scheme unlike its previous scheme Rashtriya Swasthya
Bhima Yojana uses robust IT infrastructure to locate suspicious surges.
32. US army kills Iranian Commander Soleimani: India’s Concerns
On January 3, 2020, the US army killed Iran’s most powerful military commander General
Qasem Soleimani. He was killed at Baghdad airport.
1. Highlights
In a drone strike held by the US force at Baghdad airport, the Iranian Commander was
killed along with other Iran supported militia heads. Under his leadership Iran had
expanded its military presence in Syria and Iraq.
2. India’s Concerns
The region where the air strike was held is an extended neighborhood that houses 7
million Indians. These Overseas Citizens residing in Iran send valuable foreign
remittance. India is also worried about the impact of the tensions on international fuel
prices that soared by 4% on the very same day.
33. India’s Foreign Exchange touches all time high of 457.468 billion
USD
RBI announced that Foreign Exchange Reserves of India has swelled by 2.52 billion USD
in the week that ended on December 27, 2019. The Central Bank also said that the
country’s special drawing rights with the IMF (International Monetary Fund) dipped by 2
million USD and the reserve position increased by 58 million USD. Currently, India SDR
with the IMF is 1.4441 billion USD and the reserve is 3.7 billion USD.
1. Special Drawing Rights

The special drawing rights (SDR) is a kind of foreign exchange reserve held by countries
in terms of leading currencies with the International Monetary Fund. It was created in
1969. The SDR is regarded as the basket that comprises of four major currencies of the
world. It currently includes USD, British pound, Euro and Yen (Japan). The composition of
the basket is reviewed once in five years. During the review, the weightage of the
currency also gets altered.
2. Reserve Position
The Reserve Position or Reserve Tranche Position is the difference between IMF holdings
of a country and the designated IMF quota of the country. The financing of the IMF is
governed through the quota allocated to a country. This quota is payable in special
drawing rights of the country and also in member’s own currency.
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3. How do reserves affect Currency?
Reserves act as shock absorbents of negative effects of exchange rate of a currency.
The central bank of a country (like RBI) use these reserves to maintain a stable
exchange rate. The bank buys or sells the reserves depending on the direction the
exchange prices are intended to move.
34. January 4: World Braille Day
Every Year January 4 is celebrated as World Braille Day in order to mark the birth
anniversary of Louis Braille. Louis is the inventor of Braille, a written language for blind
people.
1. Highlights
The World Braille Day is celebrated by the United Nations and also by other world
organizations. In November 2018, the UN passed a resolution in order to celebrate the
day. The day was first celebrated on January 4, 2019.
2. Louis Braille
Louis Braille was born in Coupvray, France. He lost both his eyes at the age of 3. This
was the prime reason behind Braille inventing the 6-dot language called Braille.
3. Challenges in the use of Braille

Many schools do not offer literacy in Braille. There are many countries in the world that
have not included Braille in their educational curriculum. According to the WHO, there
are around 2.2 billion people in the world with vision impairment.
4. Global steps
The 2006 Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities considers Braille essential
for education. Also, the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals that were adopted in 2015
pledges that no one will be left behind.
35. “Cyber Safe Initiative” launched by Maharashtra Government
On January 3, 2020, Cyber Safe Initiative was launched by Maharashtra Government. The
initiative was launched commemorating the birth anniversary of Indian Social Reformer
Savitribai Phule. Savitribai Phule was the first female teacher of India.
1. Highlights
The aim of the initiative is to spread awareness against atrocities committed against
children and women. It will also create awareness about laws on cybercrime. The
campaign is to be implemented all over the state by the State Government in
collaboration with state police, public relations department and cyber cell.
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2. Central measures against cybercrimes
At central level, the Ministry of Home Affairs runs a twitter handle called “Cyber Dost”
that creates pertinent posts on prevention and protection against cybercrimes. The
Home Affairs Ministry had also launched the Cyber Crime Prevention against women and
children Scheme in January 2019. The scheme had a total outlay of Rs 223.198 crores.
The main features of the scheme include online cybercrime reporting platform, research
and development, cybercrime awareness activities.
3. Significance
According to Crime Report-2017, released by NCRB (National Crime Record Bureau) in
2019, the number of cyber crimes in the country have been increasing constantly. In
2014, the number of cyber crimes were 9,622, in 2015, it increased to 11,592 and in
2016 the number of cybercrimes were 12,317.
36. Lai Haraoba Festival begins in Tripura
On January 2, 2020, the Lai Haraoba festival began in Tripura. The festival will be
celebrated for 5 days. The festival is celebrated by the Meitei community. The
community is spread across Assam, Tripura, Manipur, Meghalaya, Myanmar and
Bangladesh. However, the festival is widely celebrated in the state of Manipur.
1. Lai Haraoba Festival

Lai Haraoba festival is celebrated by Meitei people to please sacred trees called “Umang
Lai”. They speak the language called “Meiteilon”. The Lai Haraoba Festival in the state
of Manipur is celebrated in the month of May.
2. Umang Lai
Umang Lai are the sacred trees that are preserved for the local forest deities. The trees
have significant place in Sanamahism. The followers of the religion mainly worship
elements of nature such as mountains, water and fire. According to 2011 census, around
8% of Manipur population are following Sanamahism.
3. Eighth Schedule of Constitution

There are 22 languages in the Eighth Schedule of Constitution. Article 346 says that
Hindi in Devanagari script is the official language. However, English is also allowed to be
used as official language.
37. Vertical Farming: A silent Revolution in Agriculture
The current world population is 7.7 billion (April 2019). According to the United Nations,
the global population is to reach 10 billion by 2050 and therefore the food production
should increase by 70%.
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1. What is Vertical Farming?
Vertical Farming is the process of growing agricultural crops in vertical stacks in door, in
a controlled environment. It uses the same amount of water as that of regular farming.
However, the other raw materials consumed by vertical farming is less. According to FAO
(Food and Agriculture Organization) of the United Nations, vertical farming consumes
75% less raw material as compared to traditional farming.
2. Benefits
Under Vertical Farming, the plants are grown indoors with or without soil. This protects
the crops from incessant rains, unruly winds and dry climate. It is well suited for urban
areas. The crop yield in vertical farming is more than traditional farming as it adopts two
major farming techniques namely hydroponics and aeroponics.
3. Hydroponics and Aeroponics

In Hydroponics technique, roots are submerged in water that is infused with nutrients.
Aeroponics is a farming method where plants are grown in closed or semi-closed
environment with nutrients sprayed in the air.
4. Carbon print
The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)’s Emission Gap Report of 2019 says
that Agriculture and Transportation are among the five world’s biggest emitters of
greenhouse gases. On the other hand, the carbon print of Vertical Farming is very less.
With adaptation of nano cost climate control, low-carbon electricity, high-efficiency
lighting, vertical farming achieves low carbon foot print easily.
5. India’s status
In India Vertical Farming has been introduced in 2019. ICAR is working on techniques
and adaptations to introduce in the market. However, it has still not found its application
at wider level.
38. FSI: 21.4% of forest cover prone to forest fires
The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change recently released India State of
Forest Report, 2019. The report predominantly talks about forest cover in the country.
The report also mentions about forest fires in the country.
1. Highlights of forest fire

According to the report, 21.4% of Indian forests are prone to forest fires. The report has
given the figures after a thorough study of fire points identified between 2004 and 2017.
The study says that forests in central India and north-eastern India are most vulnerable
to forest fires.
2. Forest Survey of India

The Forest Survey of India begun in 1981. It is the successor of Pre investment Survey of
Forest Resources (PISFR). The PISFR was supported by FAO (Food and Agriculture
Organization). The report is published twice a year.
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January 5, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
39. NHRC issues notice to Rajasthan Government
On January 4, 2020 National Human Rights Commission has sent notice to the Rajasthan
Government over the death of more than 100 children in the state-run hospital in Kota,
Rajasthan in the month of December alone. The commission seeks a detailed report on
the reasons behind the death. Union Health Ministry has sent an expert panel to conduct
gap analysis of clinical protocols, human resources and equipment and paediatric
services.
1. National Human Rights Commission

The NHRC is a public body constituted in 1993 under the Protection of Human Rights act.
The commission has powers to inquire violations of human rights by government of India
and by any public servant. It shall also review acts of terrorism inhibiting acts of
terrorism. NHRC also studies treaties on human rights globally and suggests
recommendations of their implementation.
2. Composition of NHRC
NHRC consists of a chairman who has been a judge of supreme court or Chief Justice of
India. The other members include ex-judge of supreme court, ex-chief justice of high
court, chair persons of national commissions of SC, ST, BC, minorities.
40. I-Stem portal; DRDO Science Expo launched at the Indian Science
congress
On January 3, 2020, PM Modi inaugurated the 107th Indian Science Congress in

Bengaluru. He launched the I-Stem portal at the inaugural function. Also, the Defence
Research Development Organization (DRDO) has installed more than 150 exhibits at the
congress
1. I-STEM Portal
I-STEM is Indian Science, Technology Engineering Facilities Map. The portal will act as a
gateway for the researchers and users to locate facilities that are required for their
research and development work. Also, after locating the facility, the researcher can
make an online reservation in order to use the facility. With this, the start-ups can
leverage public and private investments and come up with successful services and
products.
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2. DRDO Science Exhibit
Around 31 DRDO laboratories have show cased more than 150 exhibits at the expo. The
outdoor exhibit of DRDO technologies that were manufactured under “Make in India”
include ASLESHA, ASTRA missile, Quick Reaction Surface to Air Missile (QRSAM), Long
Range Surface-to-Air Missile (LRSAM), Bharani, autonomous surveillance robots, etc. The
indoor exhibits of DRDO includes Prithvi missiles, NAG missiles, Akash, Helina, Nirbhay,
Bukhari, etc.
41. Project NETRA: ISRO Signs pact to set up optical Telescope
The Indian Space Research Organization signed a pact with Indian Institute of
Astrophysics to establish an optical telescope under “Project NETRA”. The organisation
also tied up with NIT-Karnataka to set up a regional academic centre for space to
promote research and development.
1. Project NETRA
Project NETRA was launched by ISRO in September 2019. Under the Project, ISRO plans
to set up observational facilities that will help in making early warnings to satellites
about debris and hazards in their orbit. It includes radars, telescopes, control centres
and data processing units. The aim is to make the facilities powerful enough to track
even the smallest particle of 10 cm diameter up to a range of 3,400 km.
2. Significance
The project will help India detect threats to Indian satellites from debris. Currently, India
operates 15 communication satellites, 13 remote sensing satellites and eight navigation
satellites.
3. Need
Space debris is the biggest problem of the satellites sector. There are more than 7,500
tonnes of space debris that are circling the earth at present. These junks include screws
of old rocket bodies to defunct space crafts that pose collision hazard to satellites.
4. NETRA of DRDO
Apart from ISRO, DRDO (Defence Research Development Organisation) operates NETRA
(Network Traffic Analysis). It is a software network used to analyse internet traffic. It is
used by Research and Analysis Wing (RAW), Intelligence Bureau (IB) and other
intelligence agencies of Government of India.
42. Turtle Rehab Centre in Bihar-First of its kind
In January 2020, a turtle rehabilitation Centre is to be set up in Bihar’s Bhagalpur forest.

The centre will shelter more than 500 turtles and is to be spread over half a hectare.
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1. Highlights
The rehab centre will act as home to sick and severely injured turtles that are being
rescued from smugglers. Prior to the rehab, the forest officials were not able to monitor
the rescued turtles before releasing them into rivers. The rehab centre will help in
solving this problem.
2. Why Bhagalpur?
The flow of water in River Ganga in Bhagalpur is ample. There are number of sandbanks
in the region that act as ideal breeding ground for the turtles. Also, the turtles in the
region weigh up to 15 kilograms and are smuggled in large extent.
3. Need
According to a study of Traffic India, every year around 11,000 turtles are smuggled
from India. They are targeted for their meat as turtle meat gives energy boost and keeps
diseases away. The hard-shell turtles are poached for pet trade. They are in high
demand in China, Japan and South East Asia.
43. Odisha’s Bhitarkanika National Park Census: Increase in Salt Water

Crocodiles
According to the recent census at the Bhitarkanika National Park, the population of salt
water (or estuarine) crocodiles have increased to 1,757 as compared to 1,742 in 2018.
1. Highlights
The peak winter is the ideal time to carry out the census as it exposes more than 50% of
mud banks. Around 22 teams were formed to count the crocodiles in the creeks and
rivers in the park and its surrounding area. The teams sited 620 hatchlings, 288
juveniles, 325 yearlings, 185 sub adults and 339 adults. The crocodile count in the park
has been increasing gradually. According to the census, in 2000, there were 1,192
crocodiles in the park.
2. Bhitarkanika National Park

The Park obtained the status of Ramsar site in 2002. It was the second area to get the
status after Chilika lake. The Park is the second largest mangrove ecosystem in India.
44. National Pension Scheme for traders: Not successful as expected
The National Pension Scheme for traders, Shopkeepers and Self-Employed persons, also
called the Pradhan Mantri Laghu Vyapari Maan-dhan Yojana was launched in July 2019. It
aimed at benefitting 3 crore small traders and shopkeepers
1. Highlights
The Government set a target of 50 lakh enrolment by the end of March 2020. However,
only 25,000 persons have applied so far.
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2. About the scheme
The scheme is being implemented by Ministry of Labour and Employment. In order to
enrol in the scheme, GSTIN is required only for those whose turnover is above Rs 40
lakhs. Also, the participant of the scheme should not be an income tax payer.
3. Concerns
Under the scheme the subscribers will receive monthly pension of Rs 3000 after the age
of 60. The persons in the age of 18-40 years are eligible to apply to the scheme.
45. APEDA: Eight States finalise Agricultural Action Plan to boost Exports
On January 5, 2020, the Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development
Authority (APEDA) announced that eight states namely Maharashtra, Kerala, Uttar
Pradesh, Nagaland, Assam, Tamil Nadu, Punjab and Karnataka finalised their action plan
to boost agricultural exports.
1. Highlights
The Agricultural Export Policy was introduced in December 2018. The policy aimed at
doubling agricultural exports from 30 billion USD to 60 billion USD by 2022. The APEDA
nodal officers visited the product clusters at various cities in order to check if the policy
implementation and their plan is effective. The product clusters selected were at
Jalandhar (Potato), Sangli (Grapes), Salem (Poultry products), Theni (Banana). Chittoor
(Mango) and several other places.
2. Need
In 2016, India’s share in global agricultural exports was merely 2.2%. Also, the policy
aims at addressing issues like poor infrastructure, low farm productivity and global price
volatility which are the need of the moment.
January 6, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
46. GoI to confer first “Antarrashtriya Yoga Diwas Media Samman”
On January 7, 2020, the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting will confer

“Antarrashtriya Yoga Diwas Media Samman” to 30 media houses. The award is being
presented for the first time. The aim of the award is to acknowledge positive role of
media in disseminating outreach of Yoga.
1. Highlights
The awards are to be provided in the categories of Best Media Coverage of Yoga in
Television (8 awards), Best Media Coverage of yoga in Radio (11 awards), Best Media
Coverage of Yoga in Newspapers (11 awards).
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2. Why June 21?
June 21 is the day of Summer Solstice. During summer solstice, north pole gets tilted
towards the sun. In other words, sun begins to move from north to south. According to
Yoga, this time is the best time for meditation. This is mainly because, the exposure of
sun rays on the earth is the longest and hence positive energy is at the highest
according to Yoga. June 21 is also the longest day of the year.
47. MECOS-3, 2020: Global Marine Ecosystem Meet in Kochi
The Marine Ecosystems-Challenges and Opportunities (MECOS), the third international

symposium is to be held in Kochi. The symposium is conducted by the Marine Biological
association of India between January 7, 2020 and January 10, 2020.
1. Highlights
Scientists, Fisheries researchers, Marine biotechnologists and oceanographers from all
over the world are to participate in the meet. The symposium will act as a common
platform for the experts to discuss on climate crisis, unusual warming of Arabian Sea,
ocean acidification, etc. It will discuss development of small-scale fisheries, green fishing
technologies and eco-labelling. The symposium will review concerns of marine
ecosystem and will formulate new strategies for sustainable utilisation of marine wealth.
2. SDG-14
The symposium is to focus on the Sustainable Development Goal of the United Nations,
SDG-14. SDG-14 says, “Conserve and Sustainably use the oceans and its resources for
sustainable development”
3. Significance
Ocean acidification that is caused due to uptake of carbon-dioxide has changed the
chemical composition of the seawaters. According to the United Nations, over the past
30 years, acidity has increased by 26% since pre-industrial times. The marine fish stocks
that are at biologically sustainable levels have declined from 90% (1974) to 99.9%
(2015).
48. India Russia to sign MoUs on AK-203 assault rifles
The Indian Army will sign MoU with Russia to procure AK-203 assault rifles. According to
the deal, around 1 lakh rifles are to be received directly from Russia and the rest will be
manufactured in India
1. Highlights
The rifles will be manufactured at Korwa in Uttar Pradesh by a joint Venture (JV) called
Indo-Russian Rifles Private Limited (IRRPL). Of the JV, 50.5% is to be owned by India and
49.5% by Russia.
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2. Current Status
Apart from the AK-203 rifles, the Indian army recently received the first batch of 10,000
SIG-716 assault rifles from US. The contract was signed in February 2019. The plan is to
provide the high cost SIGs to the front-line troops and the remaining forces will be armed
with AK-203 rifles. Currently Indian army is using indigenous INSAS (Indian National
Small Arms System) rifles and is looking for ways to replace them.
49. India’s UJALA Programme completes 5 successful years
On January 5, 2020, Unnat Jyoti by Affordable LEDs for All (UJALA) and LED Street
Lighting National Programme (SLNP) marked their fifth anniversary. The schemes were
implemented by Energy Efficiency Services Limited (EESL). EESL is a joint venture of PSU
operating under Ministry of Power.
1. Highlights
Under the SLNP initiative, in five years around 1.03 crore smart LED street lights were
installed. This helped in reducing Green House Gas emission by 4.8 million tonnes
annually. Also, the initiative has created 13,000 jobs.
2. Awards
The initiatives have been highly successful and hence gained world wide recognition.
The programmes received South Asia Procurement Innovation Award (SAPLA) in 2017
and CIO 100 award in 2019.
3. Prices
The scheme has brought down the prices of LED bulbs to one-tenth of rates as in 2015.
Also, they have helped in reducing customer bills by 15%.
4. Future Plans
The SLNP programme aims to replace 1.34 crore street lights with smart LEDs by March
2020. This will help in reducing peak demands by 1.5 GW. Also, this will reduce Green
House Gas Emissions by 6.2 million tonnes. The implementing agency of the schemes
has planned to invest another 8,000 crores of rupees by 2024 to install mote than 30
million LED street lights.
50. Iran withdraws from the JCPOA deal completely
On January 5, 2020, Iran had completely withdrawn from JCPOA (Joint Comprehensive
Plan of Action) nuclear deal. The announcement came after the US troops killed General
Qassem Soleimani.
1. Highlights
In 2018, the United States walked away from the nuclear deal. However, the other
participants such as Russia, China, European Union, France, Germany and UK tried to
keep the agreement alive. According to the deal, Iran curbed its nuclear programme in
exchange to relief from sanctions.
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2. Why did US pull out of the deal?
According to the Unites States, the JCPOA gives Iran access to billions of dollars.
However, its does not stop Iran from supporting the groups that US and its allies
consider terrorists. It mainly includes Hamas and Hezbollah.
3. Hamas
Hamas is a Sunni-Islamic militant organisation. It was founded in 1987 and since then
has fought several wars against US, Israel and European Union. Some of the countries
that were constantly supporting Hamas were China, Russia and Turkey.
4. Hezbollah
The organisation was founded in 1980s and its members follow Shia Islamism. Hezbollah
currently is a proxy of Iran in the ongoing Iran-Israel conflict.
51. AI powered National Stock Exchange Knowledge Hub inaugurated in

New Delhi
On January 6, 2020, the National Stock Exchange (NSE) knowledge Hub was
inaugurated. The hub will assist insurance, banking and financial services. The hub has
adopted the latest technology of Artificial Intelligence.
1. Highlights
The technologies such as Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning are two major keys
for India to become 1 trillion-dollar economy by 2035. The hub is one such step of the
technologies to boost the economy of the country. The learning modules in the hub will
help in understanding the stock exchange and its functioning better. It will help in
creating an adequate work force.
2. Significance
The AI technology hub will also ensure affordable skill upgradation. The hub will make
learning materials easily accessible. With the help of the hub, the NSE shall now enhance
its skills. With India being the second largest fintech hub in the world, the hub will help
NSE further aid India’s progress.
3. India’s position in AI
According to RESEARCH AGENCY Itihaasa, India ranks third in Artificial Intelligence. The
rankings were provided by the agency based on the research publications in the field.
China stands first with 37,918 researches on AI followed by US with 32,421 researches.
India holds 12,135 research documents on AI.
52. BEE sets new standards for ACs: Default temperature set to 24
Degree Celsius
The Government of India has released new performance energy standards for the
performance of air conditioners after consulting Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE). The
BEE operating under Ministry of Power develop strategies and policies with primary
35
objective of reduction in energy usage. According to BEE, the total air conditioner
capacity of India is 80 million tonnes of refrigeration. It is estimated that this will
increase to 250 million by 2030.
1. Highlights of the new standards

The ISEER (Indian Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio) according to the new standard
should be in the range of 2.7 to 3.5 for window ACs and 3.3 to 5 for split air conditioners.
ISEER is the ratio between total amount of heat an AC can remove when operated in
active mode to the amount of energy required during the same period.
2. Voluntary Star Labelling

In 2006, the BEE launched the voluntary star labelling programme. However, the
labelling was applicable only to fixed speed Room Air Conditioners. The star labelling
programme launched helped in saving 4.6 billion units in the year 2017-18 alone
3. Current Scenario in India

According to Power Ministry, every one degree increase in air-conditioner temperature
results in saving 6% of electricity consumed. Countries like Japan has regulation to keep
temperature set default at 28 degree Celsius. The concept of default setting was
introduced in 2018. Since then several campaigns and surveys were conducted to
spread awareness and get feedback about the default setting.
53. ICMR releases report on Sugar Intake of India, Report first of its kind
On January 5, 2020, the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) released its report on
sugar intake of India. The intake was measured in grams per day. The report was
released based on a joint survey conducted by ICMR, NIN (National Institute of Nutrition),
Hyderabad and ILSI (International Life Science Institute of India). The study is the first of
its kind in the country.
1. Highlights
The study says that intake of added sugar in metro cities was 19.5 grams per day. This is
lower than the level recommended by ICMR which is 30 gram per day. Though the levels
of all the cities were within the threshold, they were so close to the upper limit in certain
cities.
2. Categories
The report also stated that the overall intake of sugar by women was more than that of
men. Intake of sugar by women was 20.2 g/day and that of men was 18.7 g/day.
54. Global Drosophila Conference held at Pune
On January 6, 2020, the fifth Asia Pacific Drosophila Research Conference was held at
Pune. It was organized by the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research. The
conference is held twice a year.
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1. Highlights
The conference is to be held between January 6, 2020 and January 10, 2020. It aims at
promoting interaction between the Drosophila researchers in the region of Asia-Pacific.
The conference acts as a common platform to link the Asia-Pacific researchers with other
parts of the world. The event is the largest meet of Drosophila researchers in the whole
world.
2. The Research
Drosophila is the small fruit fly. Scientists and Researchers for the past 100 years have
been using the fly as a model organism in researches.
3. Drosophila
The small fruit flies are extensively used as model organisms in biochemistry, cell
biology, genetics and developmental biology. The main reason for the fly being used as
model in genome researches is that the relationship between fruit fly and humans are
undeniably similar. Both the genres pass on the traits to successive generations in
similar way!
January 7, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
55. 2020 observed as Year of Mobility by CISF
The CISF observes 2020 as the “Year of Mobility” for the welfare of the troops. It will
focus on construction of residential units and implementation of welfare measures.
1. Highlights
In the year of 2020, the Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) will aim at creating
infrastructure for their families. It will also aim at focusing on sports and physical fitness
leveraging modern gadgetry. It is essential to equip the forces with modern instruments
as the force plays major role in the security system of the country. They guard civil
airports, nuclear power stations, mines, thermal power stations in private domain as
well.
2. CISF
The CISF was initially established under the CISF act, 1968. It was converted into armed
force under an amendment to the act in 1983. It is the largest security system in the
world with more than 1,65,000 soldiers employed. The force also has a separate fire
wing that respond to fire emergencies. The Force is operated under Union Ministry of
Home Affairs.
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56. Zo Kutpui Festival organised in Mizoram
The Mizoram State Government is organising Zo Kutpui festival across 10 states in the
country and also in countries such as Myanmar, US and Bangladesh.
1. Highlights
The first edition of the festival is to begin in the city of Vanghmun in Tripura. The festival
will then move to other states having Mizo population. By conducting such as festival,
the Mizoram Government is trying to unify the Mizo population in the country and also
across the world. The event will host performances of several Mizo tribes.
2. Mizo population
The Mizos are tribal people that are spread between Myanmar in the east to Bangladesh
in the west. After independence, the Mizo people were governed by the Assamese
Government. In 1952, a subsidiary government was created under Assam called Lushai
hills, the now Mizoram. However, the Mizo people continued to demand freedom of
independence to join Myanmar. The Mizo National Front (MNF) was created in 1961 to
achieve independence of Mizoram. In 1966, the MNF created its armed wing and
declared independence under Operation Jericho. The area was then declared disturbed
and in 1967, GoI enforced AFSPA.
3. Mizo Peace Accord

After several negotiations of peace, in 1987, the Rajiv Gandhi Government signed the
Mizoram Peace Accord establishing peace in the region.
4. Mizo Tribals
In India, the Mizo population is found in Manipur, Tripura and Mizoram. There are 12 Mizo
clans identified. It includes Pawi-Lusei, Tlau, Khiangte, Hualhnam, Lai, Phaite, Renthlei,
Hmar, Chawngthu, Pang, Ralte and Hualngo.
57. ISRO launches Massive Human Space Flight Centre in Challakere,

Karnataka
On January 6, 2020, the ISRO proposed 2,700 crores of infrastructure plan to construct
Human Space Flight Infrastructure Centre. The facility is to be set up at Challakere,
Chitradurga district of Karnataka and is expected to become operational in three years.
1. Highlights
The Centre is to be located in the NH-4 Bengaluru-Pune Highway. ISRO aims to establish
a self-contained training facility here. At present, astronauts part of Gaganyaan Mission,
the Human Spaceflight Programme of ISRO are trained in Russia. The centre aims at
bringing in all the features that are provided by Russia and begin training astronauts
within the country.
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2. Challakere-The Science City
The city is located at 400 km from Bengaluru. It is called the science city as it
accommodated facilities of ISRO. Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, DRDO’s Advanced
Aeronautical Test Range and Indian institute of Science.
58. Yoga Science Meet, Farmers Science Congress held at Indian Science
Congress in Bengaluru
The Indian Science Congress was inaugurated by PM Modi on January 3, 2020. On the
sidelines of the event, the Farmers Science Congress was conducted for the first time.
The event also witnessed the Yoga Science Meet.
1. Farmers Science Congress

The Farmers Science congress was conducted for the first time in 107-year history of the
Indian Science Congress. The event highlighted importance of innovational practices in
agriculture. The conference is significant as the current era is shifting from becoming
self-sufficient in production to nutritional security. The importance of programmes such
as ARYA were stressed at the event.
1.1. ARYA
ARYA is Attracting and Retaining of Youth in Agriculture. It is being implemented by the
ICAR. The programme aims at bringing the youth under Agriculture sector. This is to
prevent the increase in migration of youth from rural areas to urban. It also aims at
making them entrepreneurs by empowering them to take up agriculture and its allied
services to gain employment.
1.2. Other Highlights

The event also stressed upon the following
1.3. Themes
The Farmer Science Congress was held under 3 different themes namely.
2. Yoga Science Meet

The Yoga Science Meet was organised on January 6, 2020. The meet discussed how Yoga
helps insulate from diseases. Also, the meet explained yoga postures and therapies.
59. Oman ships arrive to participate in Indo-Oman bilateral Naval

Exercise “Naseem Al-Bahr”
On January 6, 2020, two Oman ships arrived in Goa to participate in “Naseem-Al-Bahr”,

the Indo-Oman bilateral naval exercise.
1. Highlights
RNOV are Royal Navy of Oman Vessels. RNOV al Rasikh and RNOV Khassab arrived at
Goa. Along with these ships, Indian Naval Ships Shubhadra and Beas will also participate
in the exercise. The Indo-Oman Naval Exercises are being conducted since 1993.
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2. Other exercises between the countries
The countries conduct regular biennial exercises between all three services namely
army, navy and air force. ”Al Najah” is the army exercise conducted between the
countries. “Ex Eastern Bridge” is the Air Force exercise that is held between the
countries.
3. Significance
The naval exercise with Oman is highly important for India. This is because of strategic
location of the country. The country is at the gateway of Strait of Hormuz through which
India imports one-fifth of its oil imports. The berth rights given by Oman to Indian vessels
is important for the Indian Navy to carry out anti-piracy operations in the Gulf of Aden.
4. India-Oman
In West-Asia, Oman is one of India’s oldest defence partners and an ally in anti-piracy
campaigns. India has supplied rifles to Oman. Also, India is considering to set up a
defence production unit in Oman.
60. Centre approves disaster relief fund to seven states
The Government of India approved Rs 5,908 crores of disaster relief fund to seven
states. It includes Karnataka, UP, Assam, MP, Tripura Maharashtra and Himachal
Pradesh. The states were badly affected due to floods and landslides caused by South
West Monsoon rains.
1. Highlights
A high-level committee operating under Home Ministry on January 6, 2020 approved
disaster relief fund from National Disaster Respond Fund (NDRF). In 2019-20, the GoI
released Rs 8.068.33 crores from its share from the State Disaster Respond Fund
(SDRF). Under the fund, 75% of the fund is contributed by the centre and 25% by the
state.
2. National Disaster Respond Fund

The National Disaster Respond Fund was established under the disaster Management
Act, 2005. It is defined under Section 46 of the act. The NDRF was established to
supplement SDRF. The aim of the fund is to provide immediate relief from natural
disasters and not as compensation for crop loss or damage to properties.
3. National Executive Committee

The National Executive Committee operating under National Disaster Management
Authority decides on the expenses of the NDRF based on the guidelines released by GoI
in 2015.
4. Sources of NDRF
The NDRF is collected through cess levied on certain items, excise duties, customs
duties. The budgetary allocations also contribute to the fund.
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61. IDRSS: ISRO new satellite to help Gaganyaan crew
The Indian Data Relay Satellite System (IDRSS) will track Indian satellites in low-earth
orbits. It is a new satellite series that plans to set up a communication system between
the space assets of India.
1. Highlights
The system is aimed to play vital role in India’s space station and space docking. It will
also assist distant expeditions of India to Mars, moon and Venus.
2. About IDRSS
The mission consists of more than 2 satellites. The first two IRDSS satellites are to be
sent in the end of 2020. These satellites will precede the experimental mission of
Gaganyaan that will carry humanoid dummies. The first of this kind is to be launched in
2020 and the second satellite is to be launched in 2021.
3. Purpose
During the launch of Gaganyaan at least one ground should monitor the satellite 24/7.
This is not possible for India with its current infrastructure. Also, to make the tracking
continuous ISRO has to create number of ground stations or hire them globally. The
IDRSS helps to solve this problem providing full time tracking of the mission.
62. IMD’s State of Climate Report: 2019 the seventh warmest year since
1901
On January 7, 2020, the International Meteorological Organisation released its “State of

Climate Report” for the year 2019. According to the report, the climate change has
claimed 1,659 lives in India in the year 2019. 2019 is the seventh warmest year since
1901. The temperatures were not high as compared to 2016 (the warmest year so far)
mainly due to weak El Nino in the Pacific.
1. Highlights of the report

The extreme weather events that occurred in the country in the year 2019 were all
linked to climate change. It includes cyclones, floods, heat waves, cold waves,
landslides, etc. Of all the states, Bihar reported highest deaths (650) due to extreme
weather events. Of these 300 died in floods and 350 died due to heat waves. Following
Bihar, other states such as Maharashtra, UP, Kerala, Rajasthan and Karnataka showed
high numbers of deaths due to extreme weather events.
2. Storms
There were 8 cyclonic storms that were formed in the Indian seas. Of these, around 5
were formed in Arabian sea. This was unusual as compared to the usual one per year.
The cyclones in Arabian sea was 400% more than usual.
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63. GoI releases First Advance Estimates: GDP Growth Rate predicted as
5%
On January 7, 2020, the CSO (Central Statistics Office) operating under Ministry of
Statistics and Programme implementation released the first advance estimates of GDP
number for the fiscal year 2020. The numbers are in line with the predictions of Reserve
Bank of India
1. Highlights
According to the report, the GDP growth is estimated at 5% for the year 2019-20 as
against 6.8% in 2018-19. The report says that the deceleration is mainly due to the
decline in the growth of manufacturing sector. The manufacturing sector grew at the
rate of 2% in 2019-20 as compared to 6.9% in 2018-19.
2. Advance Estimate
The first advance Estimate is based on four main factors namely advance estimates of
crop production, Index of Industrial Production IIP (of the months April-October, 2019),
financial performances of specific firms in the first and second quarter and accounts of
state and central governments.
64. World Bank Study: Effect of Automation on FDI flows
On January 6, 2020, the World Bank released its study on how FDI flows are affected in
the world due to automation. The study concluded that automation will certainly disrupt
the flow of capital from rich countries to poor countries. On the other hand, the poor
countries can gain from automation if adopted at the right time.
1. Highlights
The study has used data of FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) and industrial robot usages
between 2004 and 2015. It reports that during this period, High Income Countries (HIC)
saw the highest FDI outflows. The flow of the FDI were measured in terms of project
announcements in middle income countries (MIC) and low-income countries (LIC).
2. Findings
The study found that the FDI flows from a HIC to a LIC reduced as automation increased.
For a 10% increase of automation in a HIC, the flow of FDIs into LMIC increased by 5.5%.
After a certain threshold the inflows saturated and, in some cases, started to decline as
well!
January 8, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
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65. Second National GST Conference of Central and State Tax
Commissioners held
On January 7, 2020, the second National GST Conference and Central and State
Commissioners was held to streamline the Goods and Services Tax. The Revenue
Secretary of Ministry of Finance Dr Ajay Bhushan Pandey was the Chairman of the
conference
1. Key Takeaways
 A Committee is to be constituted with central and state officers. The Committee will examine
and implement measures that will help curb fraudulent refund claims. The Committee will
come up with a Standard of Procedure that will become operational by the end of January
2020.
 The Investigation wing of Income Tax Department is to investigate all major cases of fake
imports, fraudulent refunds and fake input credits.
 The foreign exchange remittances are to be linked with IGST refund in order to curb
fraudulent IGST refund claims.
 The data between CBDT (Central Board of Direct Taxation), GSTN (Goods and Services Tax
Network) and CBIC (Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs) is being shared on annual
basis. It was decided that the data from now on be shred on quarterly basis.
2. Highlights of the conference

Several presentations were made at the conference. The Central Tax Zone office of
Vadodara and Mumbai made presentations on the best practices being followed by them
that helped them in revenue augmentation. The tax officers from Gujarat and Andhra
Pradesh also made presentations on their successful implementation of the GST act.
66. UIDAI’s 10-year success-The State of Aadhaar Report
Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI), the statutory body established in January
2009 under the Ministry of Electronics and Information is solely responsible for providing
AADHAR cards. Aadhaar even after 10 years is the world’s largest bio metric ID system
in the world
1. Highlights
In 2009, nearly 5 million births were unregistered. However, today the body has made
Aadhar huge success with 95% of adults holding the identity card today. Aadhaar
collects only four personal information, that includes, name, gender, age and address
along with biometric data of thumb impression, retinal scan and facial recognition.
2. Benefits
Aadhaar had improved the reliability of government welfare programmes. According to
the State of Aadhaar report, 2019, Aadhaar has been the first identity document for
around 65-70 million individuals. This benefitted them in opening bank accounts,
accessing food rations, mobile phone services, etc.
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67. NITI Aayog: List of high export potential medical devices created
The Government Think Tank Niti Aayog draws up list of medical devices that have high
export potential. It has come up with 10 devices to provide priority subsidies. It includes
surgical blades, orthopaedic implants, catheters, syringes and needles, X-ray machines,
blood bags, MRI machines and CT scan.
1. Highlights
The devices included in the list are to be prioritized in order to boost their domestic
manufacturing. Also, in order to boost their exports, GoI will create a framework to
accelerate their standardization and certification.
2. National Register
Currently, the medical devices are governed under the Central Drugs Standard Control
organization (CDSCO). It is a statutory body that was created under Drugs and
Cosmetics Act. The GoI suggested to bring all the medical devices under the body.
However, NITI Aayog turned down the proposal and suggested the creation of National
Register of Medical Devices. According to NITI Aayog, it will act as an autonomous body
on the lines of FSSAI. The body will have device experts and IIT labs will be used for
testing the devices.
68. Indian Army begins work on GOCO Model
On December 7, 2020, the Indian Army began its work on the GOCO (Government
Owned Contractor Operated) Model. The model is extended to base workshops and
ordnance depots. The workshops play vital role as they ensure the Indian Army is
operationally prepared all the time.
1. Highlights
The workshops are assigned the role of overhauling (testing and repairing) of weapons.
They also manufacture spares. The workshops have an annual turnover of Rs 10,000
crores. Though, the GOCO model in army workshops helps reducing government
expenditure on armed forces and increase combat capability of the army, there are
certain issues associated with the model.
2. Issues
 In GOCO model, the assets owned by government will be operated by the private industries.
In such cases, there are possibilities of protraction of assets and the expertise being absorbed
by private industry.
 The military manpower involved in the workshops is only 25% and 75% are civilian staffs. The
private companies might insist on rationalizing the work force. The ratio of 75: 25 will become
difficult to maintain.
3. Benefits
The best technologies grow at faster rate. Under the GOCO model, the private
companies need not make investments on land, machinery and other support systems.
The missions are set by government and the private sectors are given full independence
in implementing the missions using their best practices.
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4. Army workshops
On the whole, the Indian Army operates eight workshops all over the country. They are
located in Jabalpur, Allahabad, Meerut, Kirkee, New Delhi, Agra, Bengaluru and
Kankinara. Of these only the workshop at Bengaluru manufactures spares. Rest of the
workshops are involved only in overhauling.
69. LIGO: Second Merger of Neutron Stars detected
The LIGO (Laser Inferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory) detected gravitational

waves due to collision of two neutron stars. This is the second time the gravitational
waves are being detected.
1. Highlights
The mass of the neutron stars detected is expected to be 3.3 times and 3.7 times as that
of the sun. The scientists believe that the neutron stars were formed separately and
drifted together to form a star pair. The neutron stars were at a distance of 520 million
light years from the earth. The combined mass is the heaviest of the stars known so far.
2. LIGO
Currently LIGO operates three gravitational wave detectors at Livingston, Louisiana and
Hanford. They are located 3,000 km apart in the shape of ‘L’.
3. Indian Contribution
LIGO India is to come up in Maharashtra. It will aim at locating gravitational waves and
their new sources.
4. Why is the study important?

The gravitational waves are caused by exploding stars, black holes, merging neutron
stars. LIGO helps to detect these waves and analyze the information that they carry. As
the waves interact very weakly with matter, they help to learn about the universe and its
origin.
70. Cabinet approves North East Natural Gas Pipeline Grid
On January 8, 2020, the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs approved the North East
Gas Pipeline Grid. The pipeline is to be constructed for around 1,656 km.
1. Highlights
The gas pipeline grid is to be developed in eight states of the North East Region namely
Manipur, Meghalaya, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Sikkim, Nagaland and Tripura.
The project is a joint venture of 5 Public sector units namely ONGC (Oil and Natural Gas
Corporation Limited), IOCL (Indian Oil Corporation Limited), OIL (Oil India Limited), GAIL
(Gas Authority of India Limited) and NRL (Numaligarh Refinery Limited). The Joint
Venture has been named IGGL (Indra Dhanush Gas Grid Limited).
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2. About the Grid
The Grid will supply CNG to automobiles, cooking gas to households and fuel to industry.
The Group Consortium will receive 60% of the funding for the project and the rest has to
be raised via debts and equity. The project will be monitored by the Ministry of
Petroleum and Natural Gas. The Ministry will also release capital for the project in further
stages.
71. Cabinet approves India-Mongolia Agreement on exploration of outer

space
On January 8, 2020, the Union Cabinet chaired by PM Modi approved the agreement
between India and Mongolia to explore outer space for civilian and peaceful purposes.
The countries signed the agreement in September 2019.
1. Highlights
The agreement enables the countries to pursue research in planetary exploration, space
system, application of space technology. The plan is to set a Joint Working Group by
drawing members from ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation), DOS (Department of
Space). Communications and Information Technology Authority (CITA) of Mongolia. The
finances for the project are to be approved in stage-by-stage basis.
2. India-Mongolia
India maintains close ties with Mongolia and is interested in developing trade with the
country as it is rich in mineral deposits. During PM Modi’s visit to the country in 2015,
which was the first ever Prime Ministerial visit to Mongolia in the Indian history, PM
announced 1 billion USD grant to the country. Mongolia has abundant deposits of
minerals namely coal, gold, copper, molybdenum, tin, fluorspar, tungsten and tin. The
country also holds huge Uranium deposits.
72. Cabinet approves India’s MoUs with UK, Sweden and BMGF
On January 8, 2020, the Union Cabinet approved Memorandum of Understandings India

had signed with United Kingdom, Sweden and Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF)
1. India-BMGF
The Ministry of Health and BMGF had signed the Mou in November 2019. The BMGF
agreed to work with the Ministry to strengthen health sector of the country. It focuses on
reducing child mortality, morbidity, maternal mortality and neonatal mortality. Also, it
will aim to reduce burden of diseases such as Lymphatic Filariasis, Visceral
Leishmaniasis and TB. The BMGF will also aid in improving quality of family planning
methods.
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2. India-Sweden
The Ministry of Earth Sciences and Ministry of Education and Research signed Mou in
December 2019. According to the MoU, the countries will work on Polar Science. The
countries agreed on polar exploration as they are both signatories of Protocol to
Antarctic Treaty on Environmental Protection and Antarctic Treaty.
3. India-UK
The Ministry of Railway and the UK Government signed MoU to make Indian Railways
self-sufficient in energy. The parties will work towards adopting solar and wind energy
and adopt energy efficient practices. The UK Government will also aid in deploying
Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure.
January 9, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
73. CCI report on E-Commerce Market of India
On January 8, 2020, the Competition Commission of India (CCI) released its report on
“Market Study on E-Commerce in India: Key Findings and Observations”. The market
study for the report was initiated in April 2019 by CCI.
1. Key Findings of the Report

 The revenue from the E-Commerce sector is growing at the rate of 51%.
 In July 2018, the number of online transactions in the E-Commerce sector was 1 to 1.2 million
per day.
 Between 2016 and 2019, the delivery market places in food industry raised by 90%. Also, the
food industry is no longer a metro phenomenon. It grew in non-metro cities as well.
 The online travel booking is growing at 16% since 2016.
 The E-Commerce Sector was established in 2009. However, the sector gained momentum in
2014. In 2017, the sector held 3,500 million USD investment. There are around 4757 E-
commerce start-ups in India today in 2019.
2. Suggestions
 To reduce information symmetry and increase transparency. This will increase competition
among the stake holders.
 To set out terms and conditions that will prevent the business users from influencing search
ranking.
 To set up a transparent policy on data collection of customers, product rating policies.
74. Indian Pompano fish cultivation-First Scientific Experiment
On January 8, 2020, the Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI) announced
that it has developed viable scientific method to cultivate Indian Pompano fish in ponds.
Pompanos are marine fishes.
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1. Highlights
Upon successful invention of the scientific method to cultivate Pompano fish by CMFRI, it
is to be officially cultivated in ponds of Vishakhapatnam. This is the first time a scientific
experiment has been done on the cultivation of Pompano fish in India.
2. Pompano
In 2014, the GoI began the scientific study on Pompano. The CMFRI scientists say that
growing Pompano along with shrimp increases the survival chances of the later. This is
because, the Pompanos break life cycle of viruses that attack shrimps. GoI is currently
planning to implement inter-cropping of these two fishes.
3. Competitors
The Pompanos are commonly found in Indo-Pacific region. They are widely cultivated in
China, Vietnam, USA, Taiwan, Malaysia, Indonesia and Philippines.
4. Existing Farming Techniques

In India, the Pompano is cultivated through Open sea Cage Farming and earthen pond
fresh water farming. The survival rates of open sea cage farming is 72% and that of
fresh water farming is 32%.
75. World Bank’s Global Economic Prospect: World Economic Growth

projected at 2.5%
On January 9, 2020, the World Bank released its Global Economic Prospect. According to
its forecast, the world is expected to grow economically at the rate of 2.5%. This is the
lowest prediction since that predicted in 2008-09, 3.1%. By then, the global financial
crisis derailed the economy.
1. Highlights
The report says that investment and trade in the country is expected to recover.
However, the downward risks from 2019 are to continue. It also said that the advanced
economies are to slip their growth by 1.4% as the manufacturing sector continues to
soften.
2. South Asia
Growth in South Asia is expected to rise by 5.5% in 2020. The report predicts India’s
growth rate at 5%. It is expected that the credit from non-banking companies to
expected to weaken. The report also says that India will see a growth rate of 5.5% in the
subsequent year.
76. The Pulses Conclave 2020 to be held in Lonavala, Maharashtra
The fifth Pulses Conclave 2020 is to be held in Lonavala, Maharashtra between February
12, 2020 and February 14, 2020. It is a biennial conference.
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1. Highlights
The India Pulses and Grain Association will host the Conclave. Around 1500 stakeholders
from India and other countries are expected to participate in the conference. It includes
Australia, USA, Myanmar, Canada, Uganda, Ethiopia, Tanzania, Malawi, Mozambique, etc.
The conference aims at increasing exports, processing efficiencies, protein extraction,
value addition and post-harvest management.
2. Significance
The production of pulses of pulses has been steadily growing. In 2013-14, production of
pulses was around 19 million tonnes and it increased to 26.30 million tonnes in 2018-19.
According to APEDA (Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development
Authority), in 2018-19, India exported pulses for 242.6 million USD.
3. Pulses in India
India is the largest producer of pulses in the world. It accounts to around 25% of global
production. Also, India is the largest consumer of pulses. It consumes 27% of world
pulses. And India is also the largest importer of pulses. India imports 14% of pulses in
the world.
77. Railways: First Solar Power and plans to Link J&K with rest of India
On January 9, 2020, Indian Railways announced that it will source 1000 MW of solar
power and 200 MW of wind power to zonal railways by 2021-22. Also, Kashmir is to be
linked with the rest of India through railway network by December 2021.
1. Highlights: Solar Power

In order to implement the solar and wind power in Indian Railways, GoI has planned to
install 500 MW of solar plants on roof top of Railway buildings to meet non-traction
loads. It has also planned to install another 500 MW of land based solar plants whose
energy will be used to meet both non-traction and traction load requirements.
2. Highlights: Kashmir
GoI has announced the new date for the completion of 111-km stretch of railway link
project between Katra and Banihal in Kashmir. The project aims at linking Kashmir with
the rest of India. The project will be completed by December 2021. Konkan Railways is
the implementing agency of the project.
78. Milan 2020: Indian Navy to host multi-nation military drill
On January 10, 2020, Indian Navy will be hosting military drill called ‘Milan 2020’ at
Visakhapatnam, The City of Destiny. MILAN stands for ‘Multilateral Naval Exercise’. The
Event will witness the participation of several countries. Apart from a large number of
ships, senior dignitaries are also expected to take part in various functions and visit
naval facilities during MILAN 2020. The theme of the exercise is
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1. About ‘Milan 2020’
The MILAN series of biennial exercises commenced in 1995. It was conducted at
Andaman and Nicobar Command (ANC) until last year, for the first time on mainland at
Eastern Naval command(ENC).
2. Significance
Through the exercise GoI will pursue cooperation initiatives with friendly foreign
countries, including in Indian Ocean Region (IOR). The areas of cooperation include
capacity building, training, operational exercise marine domain awareness, hydrography,
technical assistance.
79. Nirbhaya funds: IP based video surveillance in railways & Fast Track
Courts
The Indian Railways has enhanced security in major railway hubs by installing IP based
video surveillance system. The surveillance has been installed in parking areas, entrance
and exit platforms, waiting hall and over bridges.
1. Highlights
The surveillance system is to be installed in 983 stations at a budget of Rs 250 crores.
The budget is being allocated from Nirbhaya funds. The surveillance is to be extended to
other stations and coaches soon. The project implementation is to begin with south
Western Railways.
2. Nirbhaya Funds
Nirbhaya fund was announced in the Union Budget 2013 by the then Finance minister P
Chidambaram. Rs 1,000 crore had been allocated. The Ministry of Women and child
Development prepares the scope and application of the fund. Ministry of Finance is
responsible for the application of the fund.
3. Nirbhaya Fund usage so far

The GoI sanctioned Rs 1000 crores from the fund to implement women help desks in
police stations. Also, anti-trafficking units are to be set up in all districts with the funds. A
“Safe City Programme” was implemented at a cost of Rs 194.44 crores. SAECK (Sexual
Assault Evidence Collection kits) were distributed with Nirbhaya funds. Sakhi centres
(One Stop Centres) were set up through Nirbhaya fund under National Mission for
Empowerment of women.
4. 1023 Fast track Courts

On January 9, 2020, GoI has begun fast track special courts under Nirbhaya funds. The
aim of the courts is to dispose pending cases registered under POCSO act and rape
faster. Around 389 courts have been planned where the pendency of cases is more than
100.
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January 10, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
80. GoI releases Year End Review report of Energy Sector in the Country
On January 9, 2020, Ministry of New and Renewable Energy released its year end review.
According to the report, over 150 GW of renewable energy has been installed so far in
India.
1. India’s initiatives in 2019

 Under KUSUM initiative, around 17 lakh solar powered agricultural pumps were installed.
 Phase II of Grid Connected Roof top Solar Programme was launched. Under the programme,
40,000 MW of Roof Top solar power target was set.
 Under the Wind-Solar hybrid policy, 1440 MW of capacity was installed.
 Second Assembly of International Solar Alliance was held.
 The scheme to set up solar PV power plants in compliance with the WTO was approved. This
was launched to encourage Make in India solar PV manufacturing sector
2. UMREPP
The Government in 2015 had set a target to install 175 GW of renewable energy by
2022. It includes 60 GW from wind, 100 GW from solar, 5 GW from small hydro power
and 10 GW from solar. In order to achieve this, GoI had set up the Ultra Mega Renewable
Energy Power Parks (UMREPP) under Solar Park Scheme.
3. India’s NDC
According to Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC), India pledged that 40% of
installed power will be from non-fossil fuel by 2030. Also, India had set a target to reduce
emission intensity of GDP by 33 to 35% as compared to 2005 level.
81. India-Germany sign MoU on Zero Budget Natural Farming
On January 9, 2020, the Andhra Pradesh Government signed Memorandum of

Understanding with a German firm to implement Zero Budget Natural Farming in the
state.
1. Highlights
The state Government will take a loan of Rs 1015 crores to spend towards climate
resilient Zero Budget Natural Farming. The project aims to cover 2.39 lakh farmers in
600 villages. The project was included in the Budget presentation of 2019. Along with
ZBNF implementation, the Government will also implement Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima
Yojana.
2. Zero Budget Natural Farming

It is a chemical-free agricultural farming practice. The Government of India is promoting
ZBNF through Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana and Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana since
2015-16.
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3. States practicing ZBNF
The states that are practicing Zero Budget Natural Farming includes AP, Uttarakhand,
Karnataka, Himachal Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Kerala. All crops can be grown using
ZBNF in all agro-climatic zones.
82. January 9: Pravasi Bharatiya Divas
On January 9, 2020, Pravasi Bharatiya Divas was celebrated. The day is being marked
since 2003 to recognize overseas Indians. It aims at promoting unity among Indian
diaspora living abroad and also mark the contributions of overseas Indians. The event is
organized by the Ministry of External Affairs. It is sponsored by Confederation of Indian
Industry.
1. Why January 09?

The Pravasi Bharatiya Divas is celebrated on January 9, as Mahatma Gandhi returned
from South Africa on the day in 1915. In 2015, the day was declared biennial. In 2018,
the day was widely celebrated in Singapore. In 2019, the event was celebrated in
Varanasi.
2. Objectives
The aim of celebrating the day is to provide a platform for NRI to express their
perceptions about India and thereby involve them in Indian developmental activities. It
also aims at creating a network of NRIs in all countries and connect younger
generation. The day aims at connecting Indians living overseas with their roots so that
they shall contribute to the development of the country.
3. Pravasi Bharatiya Samman

The Pravasi Bharatiya Samman is being presented to honour exceptional NRIs (Non-
Resident Indians) for their contribution towards the country. The award is presented by
the President of India.
83. Supreme Court: Access to Internet-a fundamental right
On January 10, 2020, the Supreme Court of India said that Right of access to internet is a
fundamental right. The Court had asked the administration of Jammu and Kashmir to
review the curbs on internet in a week.
1. Highlights
A three-member bench of the apex court heard on a batch of pleas against complete
blockage of internet in Kashmir. Kashmir was shut out of internet for five months now,
since abrogation of Article 370.
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2. 2016 UN Resolution
In 2016, the UNHRC (United Nations Human Rights Council) released a resolution that
condemned disruption of internet access by government. Before passing the resolution
UN quoted that there were 15 internet shut downs in 2015 and 20 in 2017. The UN
referred to internet ban in Turkey after terrorist attacks, internet shut down in India after
local protests and internet blockage in Algeria.
84. Four Colonial structures re-dedicated to Kolkata
PM Modi is on a two-day official visit to Kolkata on January 11 and 12, 2020. During his
visit, the Prime Minister will dedicate three colonial buildings to the country.
1. Highlights
During the visit, the Prime Minister will dedicate Old Currency Building, Metcalfe House,
Belvedere House and Victoria Memorial Hall. The buildings were renovated by Ministry of
Culture. The ministry is also working on developing other iconic buildings and cultural
spaces in Mumbai, Delhi, Ahmedabad and Varanasi.
2. Currency Building
The Currency Building was built in 1833. It was designed in Italian style with cast iron
gates and Venetian windows. The RBI operated from the building till 1937 after which it
was abandoned. The building was declared as a protected monument by the
archaeological survey of India in 2002
3. Metacalfe Hall
The building was named after Lord Metacalfe. He was the Governor General of India
between March 1835 and March 1836. It is famous for its 30 Corinthian pillars. It was
built to honour his efforts towards free press. The building houses public library
collection.
4. Belvedere House
The Belvedere House was Mir Jafar’s palace. Later it housed several governors of Bengal
and viceroys of India.
85. Amma Vodi scheme launched in Andhra Pradesh
On January 9, 2020, Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister Jagan Mohan Reddy launched Amma
Vodi Scheme in Chittoor. It is one of the nine flagship programmes of the Andhra
Government. The programmes are called Navratanalu. The scheme is first of its kind in
the country.
1. Key Features of the Programme

The scheme aims at benefitting school students studying in classes I to XII. It includes
both public and private schools. Under the scheme, these students belonging to Below
Poverty Line will get Rs 15,000 per annum. However, the guardian or mother of the child
should ensure 75% attendance of the child.
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2. Funding
The State Government has allocated Rs 6318 crores under the scheme. The funding
aims at helping lakhs of below poverty line mothers trying to educate their children. The
amount is to be directly transferred to the bank account of the beneficiaries.
3. Educational reforms in the state

The Andhra Pradesh Government has allocated budget of Rs 14,000 crores to enable
educational institutions and revamp the older infrastructure. It has also adopted English
as medium of instruction in schools for class 1 to 6.
86. IEA launches India’s Energy Policy Report
On January 10, 2020, the International Energy Agency (IEA) launched India’s Energy
Policy Report. The report insisted that India should adopt its think tank NITI Aayog’s
National Energy Policy. IEA released its “India Report 2020”, in collaboration with NITI
Aayog.
1. Key Findings of the report

 The oil demand of India will overtake China by mid-2020. It will make India more vulnerable
to supply disruption in the middle east. According to the report, oil demand of India will reach
6 million barrels per day by 2024. It was 4.4 million barrels per day in 2017.
 The report also said that India is the third largest consumer of oil after China and United
States. Also, India imports 80% of its oil needs. Of this, 65% are from middle east through
Strait of Hormuz.
 India is the fourth largest oil refiner in the world. The products mainly include diesel and
gasoline. The report said that India’s plan of increasing its refining capacity to 8 million
barrels per day by 2025 will make India an attractive market for investment in the refinery
sector.
2. Strategic Petroleum Reserves

The agency releases strategic petroleum reserves of developed countries. It insisted that
India has to expand its fuel reserves.
87. Gujarat to import water soluble fertilizers from China
The Gujarat Agro Industries Corporation (GAIC) will import water-soluble fertilizers from
China. So far, the state agency has imported 300 tonnes.
1. Highlights
The GAIC agency will import, pack and sell the water-soluble fertilizers to farmers. The
new fertilizers have been named AGRO. These fertilizers are best suited for precision
agriculture. As Gujarat has a good land area under drip irrigation, the fertilizers are
being distributed at the right time. Gujarat has the maximum land under drip irrigation
of all the states in the country.
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2. Precision Agriculture
Precision agriculture is the farming management concept that uses inputs such as
pesticides, nutrients, water and seeds in a strategic way. In other words, the inputs are
used at minimal amount to get maximum output.
3. GAIC
GAIC acts as a catalyst in implementing government schemes to boost agro products.
The Ministry of Agriculture has appointed GAIC as the nodal agency to implement its
schemes in the state of Gujarat.
88. January 10: World Hindi Day
The World Hindi day is celebrated every year on January 10 in order to promote the
language world-wide. It is celebrated by Indian Embassies that are located all over the
world. The day is being celebrated world wide since 2006.
1. Significance
Hindi is the fifth largely spoken language in the world. It is spoken in Pakistan,
Bangladesh, Nepal, UK, USA, New Zealand, Germany, Uganda, UAE, Guyana, Trinidad,
Suriname, South Africa and Mauritius. The language is spoken by more than 43 core
people in the world.
2. National Hindi Day

The National Hindi Day is different from that of World Hindi Day. It is celebrated on
September 14 every year. Two awards namely Rajbhasha Kirti Puraskar and Rajiv Gandhi
Rashtriya Gyan-Vigyan Maulik Pustak Lekhan Puraskar are presented annually on
National Hindi Day.
3. Beohar Rajendra Simha

He was an Indian scholar, theologian, historian, sanskritist, Sarvodaya-activist, politician,
journalist and Gandhian. Hindi was adopted the official language of India on his 50th
birthday.
4. Origin of Hindi
The word was transferred from the Sanskrit language “Sindhu”. The word “Sindhu”
became “Hindu” after Iranians entered India.
89. India deploys INS Vikramaditya amidst Sea Guardians-The China-

Pakistan naval drill
On January 6, 2020, China and Pakistan had launched a naval drill in North Arabian Sea
called the Sea Guardians. The aim of the drill is to increase inter-operability between the
two navies. On January 10, 2020, India deployed its INS Vikramaditya in North Arabian
Sea where the exercise is being held.
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1. Highlights
China and Pakistan launched a nine-day mega naval exercise. The Exercise Sea
Guardians is taking place when there are heightened tensions between India and
Pakistan over Kashmir issue.
2. Significance of deployment of INS VIkramaditya

In September 2019, Indian Navy drove out a Chinese PLA in India’s Exclusive Economic
Zone and warned that such activities will be dealt sternly. Also, China has been
increasing its presence in the region lately. China has built a naval base in Djibouti in
Horn of Africa from where Arabian Sea provides entry to Indian Ocean. Also, China is
developing Pakistan’s Gwadar port, thereby increasing its presence in North Arabian
Sea.
3. Why INS Vikramaditya?

Apart from all other ships, INS Vikramaditya is one of the top-rated aircraft carriers
globally. It was commissioned into the Indian Navy in 2013. It is about 284 metres long,
60 m high. It has a total of 22 decks. It can carry 30 aircrafts that includes Chetak
helicopter, MiG 29K, Kamov 28, ALH-Dhruv, etc.
January 11, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
90. State Energy Efficiency Index released by GoI
On January 10, 2020, Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) launched the State Energy
Efficiency Index, 2019 in association with Alliance for Energy Efficient Economy. The
report was prepared considering the basic energy requirements such as coal, electricity,
gas and oil. The report tracks the progress of Energy Efficiency initiatives in 36 states
and Union Territories.
1. Highlights
Karnataka, HP, Haryana and Puducherry were the best performers according to the
report. Manipur, Jharkhand, Rajasthan and Jammu and Kashmir were the least
performers.
2. Indicators
The index has been developed based on quantitative, qualitative and outcome-based
indicators. The outcomes of 5 distinct sectors were studied namely industry, buildings,
transport, municipalities, Discoms and agriculture.
3. Energy Conservation Building Code

The code was developed by BEE under the guidance of United States Agency for
International Development. The code aims at promoting energy efficiency in the building
sector.
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4. Significance
The first such Index in the country was released in August 2018. The index will help
states in their contribution towards energy security and climate action. It help the states
track their progress.
5. Suggestions of the report

The states should shift their focus from “policies in place” to “policies successfully
implemented”. They should aim at strengthening data capture mechanism. The states
should also aim at integrating programmes that have direct or indirect links with
consumers.
91. India erects “steel fence” across Pakistan, Bangladesh border
India will erect non-cut steel fence in the sensitive areas of Pakistan and Bangladesh
borders. The plan is being executed after security agencies have detected Afghan
fighters along India-Pakistan border.
1. Highlights
The first steel fence is to be erected across 7-km stretch in Assam’s Silchar, the border
across Bangladesh. After erection, the border is to be analysed by the BSF (Border
Security Force). Based on the feedback of these fence implementation, more such
fences are to be implemented. The implementation cost has been estimated as Rs 2
crores per kilo metre.
2. Need
The presence of well-trained terrorists in the borders has increased. Therefore, it is
important to secure the vulnerable infiltration spots along the border. Also, these
vulnerable spots might be used by the terrorists to create trouble in the newly formed
Union Territory.
3. Recent security measures

The GoI recently has implemented several security measures to guard its international
border, especially after abrogating Article 370. Around a lakh of Central Armed Forces
were deployed in Kashmir. Government also mapped infiltration prone areas along the
two borders. In 2018, the BSF mapped and identified vulnerable spots in three-staged
exercise.
92. GoI to launch Purvodaya to accelerate Eastern India Development
On January 10, 2020, the Ministry of Steel announced that it will launch “Purvodaya”, a
world class steel hub. The hub aims at an accelerated development programme of
eastern states. The Ministry will be joined by CII (Confederation of India Industries) in the
implementation of “Purvodaya”.
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1. Highlights
The initiative aims at developing the eastern states through an integrated steel hub. The
steel hub will create 2.5 million jobs in the region. It will create world-class logistics and
infrastructure. This will also help in achieving India’s steel policy target of 300 MT by
2030.
2. The Steel Hub

The Steel Hub will develop steel clusters in the region. It will transfer the utilities and
logistics infrastructure into socio-economic landscape. So far, 12 major steel zone has
been identified under the initiative in the region.
3. Why Eastern States?

The 5 Eastern states namely West Bengal, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Odisha and Northern
Andhra Pradesh are extremely rich in coking coal, bauxite and dolomite reserves. The
region also has major ports such as Haldia, Paradip, Kolkata and Vizag. Therefore,
setting up a steel hub in the region will help India achieve its 5 trillion-dollar economy
target fast.
93. GoI established I4C and a portal to deal cyber crimes
On January 10, 2020, the Union Home Minister Amit Shah inaugurated the Indian Cyber
Crime Coordination Centre (I4C) and a National Cyber Crime Reporting Portal. The centre
was approved in October 2018 at a cost of 416 crores.
1. Highlights
The I4C has 7 major components. It includes National cyber Crime Threat Analysis Unit,
Platform for Joint Cyber crime Investigation team, National Cyber Crime reporting portal,
cyber crime ecosystem management unit, national cyber-crime training centre, National
Cyber Research and Innovation centre and Cyber crime Ecosystem management unit.
2. Significance
According to NCRB (National Crime Research Bureau), 2017, the cyber crimes has
doubled in India. Apart from I4C, the central government has also launched NIC-CERT
(National Informatics Centre-Computer Emergency Response Team).
94. Corona Virus: A new stain of virus found in China
On January 11, 2020, China reported the first death in the country due to pneumonia
caused by a new virus that is of outbreak in the city of Wuhan. The Chinese scientists
discovered that the new strain of virus is that of the corona virus.
1. Highlights
According to the WHO, the outbreak in Wuhan in less virulent. However, China is
responding swiftly to control the outbreak.
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2. Earlier outbreaks
In 2002-03, the flu-like Sars virus that belongs to Corona virus family, killed more than
700 people in the world. The virus originated in China.
3. Corona Virus
Corona Viruses were first found in humans in1960s. the viruses cause flu and gastro
intestinal problems. They have great genetic variability, meaning, they can over come
barriers between different species.
95. India attends Hormuz Peace Initiative
India recently attended the Hormuz Peace Initiative that was held in Tehran. The
initiative aimed at stabilizing one of world’s busiest shipping lanes, the Strait of Hormuz
amidst US-Iran tensions. It was attended by leading trade partners of Iran namely China,
Oman, India and Afghanistan.
1. Highlights
The countries that attended the initiative reviewed the “Hormuz Peace Endeavor”
(HOPE) that was proposed by Tehran. It was proposed by Iran at the UN General
Assembly that was held in September 2019. The meet was held to discuss tensions
escalating in the Persian Gulf due to US-Iran tensions.
2. Strait of Hormuz
Strait of Hormuz is the world’s most crucial choking points. Around two-thirds of India’s
oil imports and half of LNG imports come through the strait.
3. Traffic Separation System

The Traffic Separation system is followed at Strait of Hormuz. It was ruled by
International Maritime Organization. The system is used to regulate traffic at the strait. It
is used almost at all major straits in the world. It includes Strait of Gibraltar, Strait of
Malacca, etc. The system aims at preventing collisions between the ships at sea.
January 12, 2020
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96. “Cyber AASHVAST” Cyber Crime Prevention Unit launched in

Gandhinagar, Gujarat
On January 11, 2020, Home Minister Amit Shah launched the country’s first Cyber Crime
Prevention Unit called the “Cyber AASHVAST” in Gandhinagar. Along with AASHVAST, the
Video Integration and State Wide Advance Security project called VISWAS was also
launched
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1. Highlights
The Cyber AASHVAST is a unit that will act to prevent cyber crimes with the help of
VISWAS and NETRANG. It will own an exclusive online portal that will have dedicated
service helpline for victims of cyber-crimes. The AASHVAST will also monitor, prevent
and control cyber-crimes in the state. Along with AASHVAST and VISWAS, Project
NETRANG was also launched. It will establish command and control rooms in 33 districts
of Gujarat.
2. Government Measures
The Government recently launched the I4C (Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre)
and established Cyber and Information Security Division (C&IS). The C&IS will implement
NATGRID (National Intelligence Grid), NISPG (National Information Security Policy).
97. LCA Tejas: The First Indigenous Aircraft to make an arrested Landing
On January 11, 2020, the Light Combat Aircraft (LCA), Tejas successfully landed on INS
Vikramaditya. With this achievement, the LCA becomes the first aircraft to make an
arrested landing on a naval ship.
1. Highlights
The DRDO (Defence Research Development Organisation) made LCA became the first
indogenously made aircraft to land on an aircraft carrier. This makes India enter a select
group of nations in the world to develop aircrafts that are capable of landing and taking
off from an aircraft carrier deck, that is barely 200 metres wide. The elite countries that
hold this capability includes US, China, UK, Russia and France.
2. Indian Military Aircrafts

Today, the Indian Air Force is operating Mirage-2000, HAL Tejas LCA, MIG 21, Sukhoi-30
MKI, MiG-27, SPECAT Jaguar and Rafale. The Tejas LCA was developed by HAL in the
1980s by borrowing technologies from Russia, France and Russia. The plan was to
replace the ageing Soviet Union sourced MiG-21.
98. Raisina Dialogue to be held New Delhi
The Raisina Dialogue is to be held between January 14, 2020 and January 16, 2020. It is
a multilateral conference that is held in New Delhi annually since 2016. The dialogue is
organised by the Ministry of External Affairs and Observer Research Foundation.
1. Highlights
This year, in 2020, number of foreign ministers are to attend the dialogue. It includes
ministers from Russia, Iran, Maldives, Morocco, Australia, Bhutan, Denmark, Czech
Republic, Uzbekistan and Estonia.
2. About the Dialogue

Since its inception, it is considered as India’s flagship conference on geo-economics and
geopolitics. It aims at exploring opportunities of Asian integration.
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3. Name of the conference
The conference is named after, “Raisina Hills”, which is the seat of Government of India
and Rashtrapati bhavan. The dialogue was designed on the lines of Shangri-La dialogue.
99. January 12: National Youth Day
Every year, on January 12, the birth anniversary of Swami Vivekananda is celebrated as
National youth Day. In order to commemorate his birth anniversary, GoI also organizes
National Youth Festival. The National Youth Festival is to be held between January 12,
2020 and January 16, 2020 in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. The festival is being organized by
the Government of India since 1995.
1. National Youth Day

Every year the Ministry of Youth affairs and sports celebrate the event annually with any
one of the states. This year, the state of Uttar Pradesh been chosen. The day is being
celebrated since 1985.
2. National Youth Festival

The 23rd National Youth Festival is organized by the Ministry of youth Affairs and State
Government of Uttar Pradesh. The theme of the festival is
100. Ordinance promulgated to amend coal mining laws
On January 11, 2020, the Government of India promulgated ordinance to amend coal
mining laws in order to ease auction of coal mines.
1. Highlights
The GoI has promulgated ordinance to amend MMDR act (Mines and Minerals
Development and Regulation act), 1957 and Coal Mines (Special Provisions) act [CMSP],
2015.
2. Objectives of the amendment

 It will enhance ease of doing business
 The amendment will democratize the coal sector. This will open the coal sector for anyone to
invest.
 It will promote FDI (Foreign Direct Investment). The amendment will remove eligibility criteria
and restrictions in order to achieve this.
3. Amendments
 The amendment has clarified the purpose of allocation. Previously, there was lack of clarity in
interpretation of eligibility conditions in the auctions. The amendment clarifies that any
company winning the auction shall carry on own consumption, sale or other purposes. This
also allows 100% FDI participation
 The Schedule II and Schedule III of the CMSP act had clauses that allowed only companies
that are engaged in specific end use of coal to participate in the auction. These clauses are
now removed.
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 So far, the CMSP act had been silent on reallocation of a coal upon terminations of an
allocated mine. With the amendment, it is now possible to allocate the mine to the next
successful bidder.
 The amendment allows the coal mines to appoint a custodian for production.
4. Coal Targets of GoI

India is the second largest importer of coal in the world. The amendments will help to
increase domestic production of India. It will also help India achieve its targets set. The
GoI plans to increase coal production to 1 billion tonnes by 2024.
101. Commemorative stamps released on 150th celebrations of Kolkata

Port Trust
On January 12, 2020, PM Modi attended the 150th celebrations of Kolkata Port Trust.
During the celebration, the prime minister launched commemorative stamps of the port
trust.
1. Highlights
During the celebrations, the PM also launched Rs 600 crore worth port development
activities. It includes upgrade of a ship repair facility, upgraded railway infrastructure for
the port and also river front development schemes. The river front development
schemes include cruise-based tourism, water parks, sea museums, aquariums. The GoI
currently runs 150 cruise ships in the country. The number is to be increased to 1000
and West Bengal is to play an active role in it.
2. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee

During the event the Kolkata port trust was renamed as Shyama Prasad Mukherjee port.
He was the founder of Bharatiya Jana Sangh. He laid the stone for the development of
Chittaranjan Locomotive Factory, Damodar Valley Corporation and Hindustan Aircraft
Factory.
January 13, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
102. 200 fighter jets to be acquired by Indian Air Force
The Government of India will acquire around 200 aircrafts. Of these 200, 83 fighter jets
are LCA Tejas Mark 1A and are to be procured from HAL. The rest are to be procured
based on Request for Proposals.
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1. Highlights
The design of the fighter jets was finalized by HAL (Hindustan Aeronautics Limited). HAL
will start manufacturing 8 LCA (Light Combat Aircraft) Tejas Mark 1A per year and will
slowly increase the count to 16 per year. The LCA Tejas recently became the first
indigenously made aircraft to make arrested landing on INS Vikramaditya.
2. LCA Tejas
The LCA Tejas was designed by HAL (Hindustan Aeronautics Limited) and ADA
(Aeronautical Development Agency) in 1980s. It replaced India’s MiG-21. So far, LCA
Tejas is operating only in India. However, Egypt and Sri Lanka have shown interests in
the aircraft. This will help India achieve its Defence exports targets of Rs 35,000 crores
by 2024.
3. Tejas Mark 2
Tejas Mark 2 has increased internal fuel capacity of 3.3 tonnes. Also, it is equipped with
an artificial intelligence-based cock pit that is optimally manned. It has provisions for the
ground stations to take control when the pilot falls unconscious or is injured. The alert
signals of unconsciousness of the pilot will be generated by his helmet.
103. Report says STEM jobs raising in India
One of the job sites, indeed released a report that jobs related to Science, Technology,
Engineering and Mathematics have increased by 44% between November 2016 and
November 2019.
1. Highlights
The report said that Delhi led the was with 31% of overall postings. It was also high in
other Metros like Mumbai contributing to 21% of the posting, Bengaluru-14%, Pune-12%,
Hyderabad-12% and Chennai-10%. The Western region of all part of India has the
highest job postings of STEM.
2. Barriers in India
The real issue is that though India’s demand is good and growing, the real man power to
fill in the demand, the younger generation is lagging skills to fulfill with the demands.
This is mainly because of the minimal contribution of education system towards STEM
field at school level.
104. World Future Energy Summit and CLIX to be held at Abu Dhabi
On January 13, 2020, the World Future Energy Summit is to begin at Abu Dhabi. It is to
be held for four days.
1. Highlights
The Summit will have 33,500 participants from 170 countries. It will also include 800
special exhibits. The event is to be conducted under the theme
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2. Pillars of the summit
The summit is important as it is held on five main pillars. They are energy, water, solar,
waste and smart cities. The event therefore, will act as the best example to support
global economy through recycling, removing single use plastics, using renewable
energy, etc.
3. World Future Energy Summit

It is an annual event being conducted at Abu Dhabi since 2011. The event is dedicated
to future energy, clean technologies and energy efficiencies. It attracts world leaders,
investors, policy makers, academia, investors, intellectuals and academicians.
4. CLIX
The Climate Innovation Exchange was launched in World Future Energy Summit, 2018.
Since then it is being conducted on the side lines of the summit. It acts as a platform for
countries to exchange their ideas on common global problems. It includes future of
agriculture, food, energy and mobility.
105. Shopper Malware: 14% Indians affected
A new Trojan called Shopper malware is increasing its presence among smart phone
users. The malware is screening unsolicited ads and flashing fake reviews.
1. Highlights
The malware is now focusing on retail applications. The malware is capable of reading
data being entered on the screen. As the trojan gains permission, it interacts with the
system interfaces and captures every data being featured in the screen. After acquiring
information, it is using google and Facebook data to register on popular shopping sites.
2. Earlier Malware encounters

Prior to Shopper Malware, the largest such infection was created by “Trojan-Dropper”.
This was between October 2019 to November 2019. It affected 14.23% of Indians. Russia
was the most affected. Around 28.46% of Russians were infected due to the malware.
3. Cyber Swachhta Kendra

The CSK are Botnet cleaning and Malware analysis centres. They operate under Indian
Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-In) under Ministry of Electronics and
information Technology. They were established in accordance with National Cyber
Security Policy. The Centre provides malware removal tools to fix them permanently. It is
important to develop more such centres as India ranks third in list of countries with
highest number of cyber threats.
106. NIIT to be a part of NEAT programme
The NIIT (National institute of Information Technology), a multi-national company has

been selected as one of the EdTech companies for the NEAT initiative. The NIIT will work
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with AICTE to implement the vision of Ministry of HRD (Human and Resource
Development) on NEAT.
1. Highlights
In order to make the NEAT initiative successful, the Ministry of HRD along with NIIT will
institute 5 awards of Rs 50,000 for faculties and 10 awards of Rs 10,000 for students.
2. NEAT
The National Educational Alliance for Technology (NEAT) was launched to customize
learning process using Artificial Intelligence. The Union Government believes that the AI
methodologies can be used to address diversity in learners. (Diversity in learners is
recognizing that everyone is unique in their own way)
3. Features of NEAT
NEAT will create a common one-stop access to technological solutions. The solutions will
be developed by the EdTech companies. The institutes developing solutions are free to
charge the companies according their policy. The NEAT programme is being
implemented by AICTTE.
107. Australian Koalas become endangered in bush fires
The Australian Koalas population suffered an extraordinary hit in the bush fires of
Australia. It took 3 months for the firemen to control the fires.
1. Highlights
Australia recorded 2019 as its hottest year on record. Around 1.25 billion animals are
believed to be dead in bush fires. It has also destroyed more than 10 million hectares of
land.
2. Australian Koalas
The Australian Koalas is herbivorous animals that are native to Australia. They are found
in coastal areas of New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria and South Australia. The IUCN
red list currently puts Australian Koala under Vulnerable Category.
3. Why were the bush fires severe?

The Indian Ocean Dipole was in its positive phase in 2019. This means, the eastern
Indian Ocean (lying in the north west of Australia) was cooler than the western Indian.
This drew away the moisture from Australia raising temperatures in Australia. The
westerlies blowing hot air into the continent increased the fires further fanning them.
108. ISRO to launch GSAT-30 satellite
On January 17, 2020, the Indian Space Research Organization will launch GSAT-30
satellite on the launch vehicle Ariane-5. It is to be launched in Ariane Launch Complex at
Kourou. Kourou is a French territory that if located along the north eastern coast of
South America.
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1. About the Mission
The GSAT-30 is a communication satellite. It is to replace INSAT-4A. The mission life of
GSAT-30 is 15 years. ISRO has designed GSAT-30 in such a way to increase the number
of transponders. A transponder is a device that transmits and responds to signals.
2. INSAT-4A
The Indian National Satellite System was a series of geostationary satellites that were
launched for telecommunications, meteorology, broadcasting and search and rescue
operations. The INSAT-4A was launched in 2005 mainly for communication purposes.
3. Ariane
Ariane Space is a commercial satellite launching organization that was founded in 1980.
Since then, it has launched 23 Indian satellites. APPLE Experimental was the first Indian
satellite to be launched by Ariane.
4. APPLE
APPLE was an experimental satellite launched by India in 1981. It was the first
experimental communication satellite of India. It was used for TV and radio
communications. It laid the foundation for the large satellite constellation of India that
included INSAT and GSAT series.
109. GoI: 6th Island Development Agency meeting held in New Delhi
On January 13, 2020, Home Minister Amit Shah chaired the sixth Island Development
Agency meeting in New Delhi. The meeting focused on “Green Development in the
Islands to reach new heights”
1. Highlights
The meeting reviewed the work progress of the programme, “Holistic Development of
Islands”. The Island Development Agency (IDA) has taken up scientifically assessed
sustainable development goals in order to improve growth of the Islands. This is the first
time such an initiative is being implemented. The scientific plans of development include
creation of jobs through tourism, increasing export of sea food, increasing coconut-based
products produced in the Islands. The plan is to be implemented in four islands of
Andaman and Nicobar Islands and five islands of Lakshadweep Islands.
2. Connectivity plans
It was also decided in the meeting that infrastructure projects to improve sea and air
connectivity with the islands are to be implemented. Also, the city of Port Blair and other
7 islands of Andaman and Nicobar Islands are to be digitally connected through
submarine optical fibre cable by June 2020.
3. LANIDS
It was also decided in the meeting that, under the Lakshadweep and Andaman and
Nicobar Islands Industrial Development Scheme, Information Technology based micro,
small and medium enterprises are to be set up.
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January 14, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
110. Statue of Unity included in 8 Wonders of SCO; SCO heads meet:

first time in India
The Statue of Unity that was inaugurated by PM Modi in October 2018 has been included
in 8 wonders of SCO (Shanghai Cooperation Organization). The statue was a
monumental tribute to Sardar Vallabhai Patel.
1. About the Statue

The Statue was inaugurated on the 143rd birth anniversary of Sardar Vallabhai Patel. It
is the world’s tallest statue. In one year, since its inauguration, it attracted 2.9 million
tourists and earned 82 crores of rupees.
2. What are the Eight Wonders?

The Wonders of SCO include archaeological and historical monuments of SCO. It includes
3. SCO Heads Meet

For the first time, India is hosting heads of Government meet of SCO countries. All the
government heads of eight SCO countries India, Russia, China, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan,
Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan will attend the meeting. However, there are
possibilities for Pakistan to skip the meet.
111. January 14: Armed Forces Veterans Day
Every year, Armed Forces Veterans Day is celebrated on January 14. The day is being
celebrated since 2017. The day was initially called Armistice Day.
1. Background
The Day began its journey as Armistice Day in order to reflect upon heroism of those
who died in country’s service. Armistice Day is celebrated on November 11 all over the
world. The first Armistice Day was celebrated on November 11, 1919 marking the
anniversary of the end of World War I and celebrating the brave soldiers who were part
of World War I. However, in India the day was first marked through a resolution passed
by the Congress in 1926.
2. Why November 11?

The Armistice Day was commemorated on November 11 to mark the armistice that was
signed between Allies of World war I and Germany.
3. Veterans Day
In 1954, the Armistice Day was changed to Veterans Day to honour the living legends of
all wars. Unlike Memorial Day, on armistice day, the world pays tribute to living veterans
who were part of the war.
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4. Armed Forces Veterans Day
The Armed Forces Veterans Day is celebrated from 2017. The fourth Army Forces
Veteran Day, 2020 is to be celebrated at National War Memorial. Chief of Army, Chief of
Navy and Chief of Air Force will be present in the function.
5. Why January 14?

Every year, January 14 is marked as Armed Forces Veteran Day as the Field Marshal KM
Cariappa, the first Commander-in-chief of Indian Armed Forces retired on the day.
112. Regulations of Drones in India hastened
On January 13, 2020, the Indian Aviation Ministry announced that registration of all
drones in the country is mandatory. The Ministry has given January 31, 2020 as deadline
for the users to register their drones.
1. Highlights
Every drone is to be provided with a Unique Identification Number (UIN) under the
scheme. GoI has opened an online portal called “digital sky” for the users to register
their drones. Upon registration, the users will be provided with UIN, Unmanned Aircraft
Operator Limit (UAOP), ownership acknowledgement number and Drone
acknowledgement number.
2. Legislation
The drone owners failing to register their drones will face actions under the Aircraft act,
1934 and Indian Penal Code. The aircraft act governs aviation in India.
3. Significance
According to the FICCI committee on drones, there are 50,000 to 60,000 illegal drones in
the country. Also, the latest drone tragedies across the world has forced the GoI to
hasten its actions towards regulation of drones.
113. Fuel Upgradation for Indian Navy
On January 13, 2020, the Ministry of Defence announces new fuel upgradation for Indian
Navy with revised technical specifications. The High Flash High Speed Diesel (HFHSD)
was launched. The aim of the new fuel introduction is to reduce carbon footprint.
1. Highlights
Indian Navy, one of the largest navies in the world in collaboration with Indian Oil
Corporation carried out several trials before concluding on HFHSD. The Joint
Collaboration studied the international regulations of MARPOL, NATO, ISO before
concluding on the revised technical specification. Around 22 test parameters were
considered. This included certain critical parameters such as flash point, cetane number,
sediment content, sulphur content, cold filter plugging point and oxidation stability.
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2. Significance
The upgrading of fuel is essential in order to keep pace with new technologies and
emission standards. This will also help other IOC customers and merchant mariners in
the following years. It will also benefit foreign Navy ships participating in exercises.
3. Critical Parameters of HFHSD

 Flash Point-Flash Point of the lowest temperature at which HFHSD can form an ignitable
mixture with air. Lower the flash point, easier is the ignition. The Flash Point of HFHSD is 66.
 Cetane Number-It is the number with which the performance of the fuel is measured. Higher
the number, better is the fuel performance. The Cetane number of HFHSD is 45.
 Cold Filter Plugging Point-the temperature at which the fuel passes through the standardised
filtration device. The Cold filter Plugging Point is yet to be updated in the report.
 Cold Filter Plugging Point-The lowest temperature at which the fuel passes through
standardised filtration device.
 Sulphur Content-the percentage of Sulphur (by mass) present in HFHSD. The Sulphur Content
of HFHSD is 0.2%
114. Retail Inflation at 5-year high of 7.35% in December, 2019
According to the data released by Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation

on January 13, 2020, the food inflation increased to 14.12% in December 2019 as
compared to 10.01% in November 2019. The CPI (consumer Price Index) rose to 7.35%
as compared to 5.54% the previous month. The inflation was increase was mainly due to
vegetables
1. Highlights
In December 2018, the food inflation was -2.65%. Vegetable inflation in urban areas
touched 75% and at the country sides it was at 53%. Onion inflation doubled as
compared to the previous month. It was 128% in November and it increased to 328% in
December.
2. Analysis
The soaring crude oil prices due to the increasing tensions between Iran and US is the
major reason. In the coming Budget, GoI is expected to increase its spending largely on
infrastructure and cut taxes. This might stoke inflation further.
3. RBI
For the first time, the inflation has breached RBI’s target inflation of 4% (±2%).
Predicting the situation, RBI had kept its policy interest rates on hold in its policy review
of December 2019.
4. Implications
As inflation increases, the following can be expected
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115. MoU between Railways and SBI for door step banking
On January 14, 2020, the South-Central Railways and SBI signed MoU to implement door
step banking in 585 railway stations
1. Highlights
The MoU will enable direct pick up of cash from all the railway stations included in the
MoU. Before the agreement, the earnings generated at the railway stations were
manually sent to nearest banks that were authorised to collect the deposit on behalf of
the Railways. This delayed the remittance of cash because of several factors such as
availability of man power, holidays, etc.
2. Major Benefits of the new system

The door step banking will provide uniform cash remittance mechanism in all the railway
stations. It will also provide real time information about the cash that is deposited by
different stations. This will enable increased accountability and also will help in better
supervision. This method will also avoid unwanted accumulation of cash at railway
stations.
3. Why not DBT?

The Direct Bank Transfer is not a feasible option at the moment. This is because there
are still persons in the interior parts of the country using cash to buy their tickets. Apart
from interior parts, cash is still used in urban areas to buy tickets as well.
116. Indian Railways: MoU with RailTel; Content on Demand Services to

raise non-fare revenue
The Indian Railways has signed MoU with the RailTel, a Mini Ratna Public Sector
Undertaking in order to implement Phase II of e-office programme. Also, the Indian
Railways is to provide content on demand services in premium, suburban, express and
mail trains.
1. MoU of E-Office
On January 13, 2020, the Indian Railways and RailTel signed an agreement to implement
the Phase 2 of E-office project. E-Office system is an integrated file management system
that will help employees manage data, content electronically. Under the new phase,
around 39,000 users are to be registered in 34 Railway divisions on the National
informatics Centre. The target is set to be completed by March 2020.
1.1. Phase I
The Phase I of the project aimed at registering 50,000 plus users in 58 stations by March
2020. However, the Indian Railways have completed the target well ahead of time.
1.2. National Informatics Centre

The National Informatics Centre was established in 1976. It operates under Ministry of
Electronics and Information Technology. It provides infrastructure to deliver Government
IT services and also the initiatives of Digital India.
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2. Content on Demand Services
In order to generate more non fare revenue, Indian Railways will soon create content-on-
demand in express, mail, suburban and express trains. The service is to be provided by
the RailTel unit of GoI. The project is to be implemented in 2 years.
117. Muppavarapu Venkaiah Naidu National Award to Prof M S

Swaminathan
On January 14, 2020, the Agricultural Scientist Prof M S Swaminathan was awarded the
“Muppavarapu Venenkaiah Naidu” National award. The award was also presented to Mr
Muniratnam. Mr Muniratnam was the first person to receive the award four days back.
1. Highlights
The professor was made the honours during Pongal celebrations at Raj Bhavan in
Chennai. The award carried cash prize of Rs 5 lakhs. During the celebrations, the
professor was titled as “Father of Green Revolution and the Doyen of Agricultural
Science”.
2. Muppavarapu foundation
Muppavarapu foundation is a non-profit organisation started by Mr Muppavarapu
Harshavardhan, son of Vice President Venkaiah Naidu. The organisation arranges
training on latest technologies. The trainings are predominantly offered in the fields of
horticulture, agriculture, animal husbandry, home science, fisheries, vermi culture and
mushroom culture.
3. M S Swaminathan
Mr Swaminathan is an Indian Geneticist. He played a major role in Green Revolution
programme of India. He has played the role of director general of ICAR (Indian Council of
Agricultural Research), director of IRRI (International Rice Research Institute) and
president of IUCN (International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural
Resources). He was a follower of Mahatma Gandhi.
118. January 15: IMD Foundation Day
On January 15, 2020, the IMD celebrates its 145th Foundation Day. It was begun in 1875.
The day will be celebrated by Ministry of Earth Science under which IMD (Indian
Meteorological Department) functions.
1. Recent Achievements of IMD

Around 5 observatories of IMD received recognition from World Meteorological
Organization (WMO). It includes Chennai, Mumbai, Pune, Thiruvananthapuram and
Panjim. They were recognised for their long-term observatory services of more than 100
years.
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2. Technological Advancements
In August 2019, CDES (Centralised Data Entry System) replaced DATEN9 software.
Around 91 observatory stations and 40 airports are using the system. It also provides
Agro-Meteorological Advisory services under PPP model providing weather conditions to
more than 40.2 million farmers.
3. IMD
It is the principle agency of GoI that makes weather forecasts, meteorological
observations and seismological observations. The headquarters of IMD is in Delhi. It
operates observatory station in India and in Antarctica. The major IMD centres are
located in Guwahati, Kolkata, Chennai, Mumbai, New Delhi and Nagpur.
January 15, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
119. National Draft Policy on Rare Diseases
On January 13, 2020, the Government of India released its National Draft Policy on rare
diseases. The policy has proposed one-time fund of Rs 15 lakhs to treat rare diseases
under Ayushman Bharat. The policy was drafted by Ministry of Health and Family
Welfare
1. Highlights
Under the policy, certain medical institutes will be certified as Centre of Excellence for
rare diseases. It includes AIIMS. New Delhi, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of
Medical Science, Lucknow, King Edward Medical Hospital, Mumbai and four others.
2. Key Features of the policy

 An inter-ministerial consultative committee is to be set up at national level. The committee
will be led by MoHFW.
 A patient registry of rare diseases is to be constituted under ICMR (Indian Council of Medical
Research).
 To create Administrative Committee that will develop guidelines to determine which rare
diseases to fund.
3. Concerns
There are 7,000 to 8,000 rare diseases. However, therapies are available only to less
than 5% diseases. So far, 450 rare diseases have been recorded in India.
4. Rare Diseases
The rare diseases that are included in the draft policy are Thalassemia, Haemophilia,
Primary Immuno deficiency in children, sickle cell anaemia, lysosomal storage disorders
such as Gaucher’s disease, Hirschsprung disease, Pompe disease, Hemangiomas, Cystic
Fibrosis.
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5. Committees appointed
The GoI had appointed three committees to frame the policy. The policy has been
framed based on the recommendations of the following committees
120. Annual Status of Education Report 2019
On January 14, 2020, the Non-Profit Organization Pratham released its annual report,
Annual Status of Education Report, 2019. The report is based on the survey conducted in
26 districts that covers 36,000 children in the age group of 4 to 8 years.

 Number of girls enrolled in government schools is higher than number of boys. On the other
hand, number of boys enrolled in private institutions is higher than that of girls
 The report says that around 56.8% of girls and 50.4% of boys are enrolled in government
schools.
 In the age group of 6-8 years, 61.1% of girls and 52.1% of boys were enrolled in government
institutions.
 According to RTE act, 2009 (Right to Education act), children should enter Class I at the age
of 6. But according to the report, 4 out of every 10 children entering Class I are less than 5
years old.
2. Suggestions of the report

 The existing network of Anganwadi Centres should be strengthened and expanded.
 Early language, numeracy, social and emotional learning tasks are closely related to age of
the children. Therefore, it is mandatory to put children into primary grades at the right age.
121. WHO releases Global Health Challenges for 2020
Every year, the World Health Organization releases list of Global Health Challenges of
the forth coming year. This year, on January 13, 2020, the organization had released the
top global health challenges for the year.
1. Global Health Challenges

The list included 13 potential threats. The foremost threat was Anti-Microbial Resistance
(AMR) and climate crisis. The 2 threats have been on the top for the previous year, 2019
as well. The report says around 7 million people are affected because of climate change.
Climate change has increased malnutrition and is fueling the spread of infectious
diseases such as malaria. The other threats that have topped the list includes influenza
epidemic and spread of infectious diseases such as HIV, malaria and tuberculosis.
2. Other Threats
The threats are not only diseases-related. It also includes other threats such as social
media, infrastructure, human resources and new technologies. The misinformation about
diseases in social media is a major threat as it is spread false fears among people. Also,
delivering health care in conflict ridden areas is also the biggest challenge according to
WHO.
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122. New Rules to sell hallmarked gold Artifacts
On January 14, 2020, the GoI announced that Indian jewellers shall be allowed to sell
hallmarked gold artifacts that are made of 14, 18 and 22 carat gold alone. Also, it is
mandatory for all jewellers to get compulsory hallmark. Currently gold hallmarking is
voluntary. The mandatory ruling is to be implemented from January 15, 2021.
1. Highlights
The Government has introduced new ruling that violation of hall marking will result in
one-year imprisonment and a fine. The jewellers have been given one-year time to
arrange hallmarking according to the Bureau of Indian Standards.
2. Hall Mark
Hall marking is the level of purity certification awarded by the Bureau of Indian
Standards (BIS). The BIS Hallmark has a triangular mark, logo of the producer and year
of manufacturing of the product. It is essential to make hall marking mandatory to curb
frauds and fake gold.

Currently in India, only 28,849 jewellers have BIS registration. According to World Gold
Council, the gold import of India was 496.11 tonnes in 2019.
4. Karat of Gold
The purity of gold is measured in karat of gold. 100% pure gold is called 24 Karat gold.
22 Karat gold is 91.6% pure and hence the name 916 hallmark in gold jewelleries.
123. GoI launches Saksham, a mega campaign on fuel conservation
The Petroleum Conservation Research Association (PCRA) operating under Ministry of

Petroleum and Natural Gas will launch fuel conservation campaign on January 16, 2020.
1. Highlights
The campaign will create awareness among public about fuel conservation. PCRA has
been conducting Saksham campaigns in different parts of the country. This year, the
campaign will create awareness about the following
2. Previous Achievements of PCRA campaigns

The most successful Saksha campaign of PCRA was recently conducted on switching off
of engines at red light in traffic signals. This helped to reduce fuel losses by 22% before
and after the campaign.
3. PCRA
PCRA is engaged in promotion of energy efficient programmes in different sectors of the
country. It sponsors R&D activities to develop fuel efficient equipment. The major aim of
the agency is to make oil conservation a national movement.
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124. First digital exhibition on Indian Heritage inaugurated
On January 15, 2020, the State of Culture and Tourism minister launched a month long
exhibition on Indian Heritage in New Delhi. The exhibition was launched in digital space
and will stay online till February 15, 2020.
1. Highlights
This exhibition is first of its kind in the country. The visitors of the exhibition will find
architectural and conjectural reconstructions, recreations of socio-cultural traditions and
life of Hampi and also many more murals. Through this, the exhibition will take heritage
to wider population. It has overcome the barrier that heritage was restricted only to
research. When the reach of significance of heritage increases, accountability of citizens
increases. This will help to protect age old structures and monuments in a better way.
2. Indian Heritage in Digital Space (IHDS)

The technologies used to create the models of Heritages were developed by the IHDS
programme. IHDS is an initiative of Department of Science and Technology, that aims to
create 3D LASER scan data, holographic projections, AR and 3D fabrication to showcase
glory of heritages. It has so far created reconstruction of Hampi and other five Indian
monuments namely Taj Mahal, Sun Temple, Kashi Vishwanath Temple, Ramachandra
Temple and RaniKiVav Patan.
January 16, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
125. January 15: Indian Army Day
On January 15, 2020, India celebrated its 72nd Army Day. It is being celebrated every
year to honour soldiers who sacrificed their lives for the country. The Army Day Parade
was held at the Parade Ground in Delhi Cantonment as a part of the celebrations. It is
important to remember such great soldiers as they serve with the motto “Service before
Self”
1. Highlights
On January 15, the first General of Indian Army General K M Cariappa took charge in
1949. The transfer of power from British to India is being celebrated on the day in the
form of parades. The power was transferred to Mr Cariappa from the last British General
Bucher.
2. First Woman Officer

In 2020, Tania Sher Gill became the first woman Army Officer to lead the parade. She led
an all-men contingent at the parade. She joined the army in 2017. In 2019, Captain
Bhavna Kasturi became the first woman officer to lead an all men contingent during the
Republic Day celebrations.
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126. WEF: Global Risks Report, 2020
On January 15, 2020, the World Economic Forum released its Global Risks Report. Under
the report, the Forum has identified the global risks.
1. Top Risks
The top 5 Global risks according to the report are as follows
2. Top Highlights of the Report

The Report has listed 5 top risks in the terms of Likelihood and in terms of Impact. The
global risks in terms of likelihood includes extreme weather, climate action failure,
natural disasters, biodiversity losses and human-made environmental disasters. For the
first time in the history of the report, all the five risks of likelihood is climate-related.
127. RAISINA DIALOGUE: Ind-Fin MoU; Russia on India’s UNSC

membership and Indo-Pacific
The Raisina Dialogue was held at New Delhi for four days recently. Leaders from several
countries participated in the dialogue. It included foreign ministers from 13 countries
including Iran, Australia and Russia. During the Raisina Dialogue, India and Finland
signed a defence agreement. Also, Russia announced that it supports India for the
latter’s permanent membership at the UNSC (United Nations Security Council)
1. Russia at Raisina Dialogue
1.1. Indo-Pacific
Russia at the Raisina Dialogue questioned the idea of “Indo-Pacific”. It said that the
concept of Indo-Pacific is divisive. Russia also believes that the concept of Indo-Pacific
isolates China and also aims to move away from ASEAN centred building model.
1.2. UNSC Membership

Russia at the Raisina Dialogue also announced that it backs India for the latter’s
permanent UNSC membership. Along with India, Brazil is also seeking permanent
membership from UNSC. Russia extended its support to Brazil as well.
2. India-Finland
On the sidelines of the Raisina Dialogue, India and Finland signed a Defence MoU. The
agreement aimed to increase cooperation between the countries in terms of
procurement, production, R&D of Defence related equipment. The agreement was under
discussion between the countries since DefExpo 2018. It has now been formalized to run
up to DefExpo 2020. The talks for the agreement was initiated by PM Modi at the first
India-Nordic Summit held at Stockholm.
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3. India-Nordic Summit
The Nordic countries are the countries in Northern Europe and North Atlantic. It mainly
includes Finland, Denmark, Iceland, Sweden and Norway. At the India-Nordic Summit,
the areas of economic growth, global security, climate change and innovation were
focused.
128. Henley Passport Index launched
Recently, Henley Passport Index was launched. The index was launched based on the
data collected from International Air Transport Association (IATA). Around 199 different
passports and 227 different travel destinations were considered to launch the index.
1. Highlights
According to the index, Japan has the world’s strongest passport. Japan has been holding
top rank position for the past 3 years. According to 2020 index, the citizens can access
191 destinations without the necessity of obtaining visa in advance.
2. History of performances
UAE was the historic performer of Henley Passport Index 2020. UAE has jumped 47
places in the past 10 years. It is currently at 47th position.
3. Visa Free Destinations

There are 58 destinations in the world that does not require prior Visa. 20 of the 58 are
in Africa, 11 in Asia.
4. What is Passport Index?

Passport index is an online tool that provides insights about visa-free travel option. The
score also says how welcoming the countries are. The Passport index includes Visa-Frees
score, World Openness score, Welcoming score and Global Mobility score. When these
scores are high, passport index is also high and such a passport is said to be highly
powerful.
January 17, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
129. First Session of India-Norway Dialogue held in New Delhi
Between January 15, 2020 and January 16, 2020, the first session of India-Norway trade
and investment dialogue was held in New Delhi. It was the first meeting of the countries
after they signed an agreement in 2019.
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1. Highlights
India and Norway signed Dialogue of Trade and Investment when Norway Prime Minister
visited India in 2018. Based on the agreement, the countries held their first meeting to
discuss industrial trade. The discussions included on various areas such as renewable
energy, ICT, fisheries, MSME, maritime, shipping. The countries exchanged their views
on investment opportunities.
2. Significance
At every bilateral meeting, it is important to involve the industries and their clusters as
this would help in understanding and exchanging the dynamics.
3. India-Norway
The trade between India and Norway was 1127 million USD in 2014. It is far less as
compared to its potential. There are 100 Norwegian companies that have invested in
India. It includes hydropower, clean energy, petroleum related services, drilling
equipment, etc.
4. Himadri-Polar Research Station

India, in 2008, opened its first Arctic Research Station in Norway. It is called Himadri. The
main research of the station is on food-web dynamics, space weather, aerosol radiation,
glaciers, microbial communities, carbon recycling and sedimentology.
5. IndARC
IndARC is the first underwater observatory of India in the Arctic Region. It is midway
between Norway and North Pole. The observatory aims to study Arctic climate and how it
influences the monsoon.
130. “Globalizing Indian Thought”, an International Conclave held at

Kozhikode
On January 17, 2020, the International Conclave on “Globalizing Indian Thought” was
held in IIM, Kozhikode. PM Modi addressed the conclave. The conclave aimed at
revealing India’s thoughts in becoming one of top three economies of the world.
1. Highlights
India is stepping towards the goal of becoming a 5 trillion Dollar economy by 2025. This
will make India one of the top three economies in the world after US and China. It is
essential for India to reveal its path while it is achieving such goals. The Conclave is an
initiative to achieve this.
2. Significance
The Conclave is important as it reveals India and its path towards development to the
global market. Ethically, it is important to choose the right path of development. With
the world marching towards development, it is important to get hold of traditional routes
to sustain mankind. The conclave is important to convey this message to the world. The
Conclave also offers opportunities to thinkers across different professions to converge
their ideas into creative platforms.
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131. Food Processing Summit held in Ladakh
On January 16, 2020, the Department of Industries and Commerce, functioning under
Ministry of Food Processing Industries organized food processing summit in Ladakh. The
other stakeholders of the summit include Invest India and National Investment
Promotion and Facilitation agency.
1. Highlights
The Summit was attended by food producers of Ladakh. It included producers of milk,
barley, meat, organic vegetables, apples and apricots. The Ladakh Action Plan for Food
Processing to promote food processing was presented at the summit.
2. Current Scenario
Though Ladakh has the potential for growing cereals, vegetables and food grains,
agriculture has now taken back seat in the rapid growth of the region. Agriculture has
lost its place to the growing tourism in the region. Also, the other reasons for decreased
participation of agricultural activities include low cropping intensity, short agriculture
season and less productivity.
3. Government measures
The Government of India has been focusing on the following to develop agriculture in the
region
132. Historic Bru-Reang Refugee agreement signed-34,000 displaced to

settle in Tripura
On January 17, 2020, Government of India, Bru-Reang representatives, Government of

Tripura and Mizoram signed an agreement in New Delhi to end the refugee crisis of Bru-
Reang community. Home Minister Amit Shah presided over the event.
1. Highlights
Under the agreement, around 34,000 Bru Refugees are to settle in Tripura. The Centre
will offer their rehabilitation helps with an allocated budget of Rs 600 crores. With this,
the refugees are now eligible to enjoy social welfare schemes of state and central
governments.
2. What is the issue?

Due to ethnic tension in 1997, around 5,000 families of 30,000 Bru-Reang tribes were
forced out of Mizoram to seek shelter in Tripura. In 2010, GoI began its efforts to
permanently rehabilitate them as they constantly demanded to settle in Tripura. In
2018, GoI signed an agreement with the State Governments of Tripura and Mizoram in
order to help the families and increase the aid substantially.
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3. Bru-Reang Tribes
The Bru Tribes are locally called Reang and hence the name Bru-Reang. They are ethnic
tribes living in India, Laos, Vietnam and Thailand. They speak Katuic language. They
believe in Animism religion and some others believe in Buddhism. The Bru-Reang are
one of the 21 ethnic tribes of Tripura that are included int the Scheduled Tribe list. Some
of them are Tibeto-Burmese origin.
133. India-World Bank sign 88 million USD to implement Assam Inland

Water Transport Project
On January 16, 2020, the Government of Assam, Government of India and World Bank
signed 88 million USD agreement. The agreement aims to modernize Assam’s Ferry
transport service on the Brahmaputra river.
1. Highlights
There are over 361 ferry routes across Brahmaputra river in Assam. These routes act as
a crucial means of transport to 1000s of commuters in both rural and urban areas of the
valley.
2. Inland Waterways
Around 15 waterways are operating in Assam. They operate on rivers such as Barak,
Beki, Lohit, Doyang, Kopili, Subansiri, Aai, Dihing, Dikihow, Puthimari, Gangadhar,
Jinjiram and Tiwang. It is important to develop these water ways as they are connected
to Bay of Bengal through the Brahmaputra and will help increase exports of locally
produced goods of north east. The IBP (India-Bangladesh Protocol), National Waterway-2
that was recently launched in November 2019 makes this possible. Assam Inland Water
Transport Development is the implementing authority of these routes.
134. Sahyog-Kaijin-India-Japan joint exercise for Coast Guards
On January 16, 2020, India and Japan took part in a joint exercise called “Sahyog-Kaijin”.
The exercise was held between the coastal guards of the countries at Chennai Port.
1. Highlights
The Japanese ship Ehigo and 4 ships of Indian Coast Guard participated in the exercise.
The coast guards conducted the scenario of capture of a hijacked ship and rescue of
crew in a joint operation. They also demonstrated search and rescue operations and
displayed their fire-fighting skills.
2. Significance
The exercise is important for the countries to handle piracy in the Indian Ocean region.
Also, both the countries being part of the Quad grouping, it is important for them to
refresh their skills, learning from each other and stay connected to ease operations at
sea.
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3. Other exercises
Apart from Coastal Guard Exercises, Indian and Japan hold other military exercises as
well. The “Shinyuu Maitri”is the joint Air Force Exercise that was held in October 2019 for
the first time.
135. Bangladesh: Regularly submerging Island to house 100,000

Rohingya refugees
The Bangladesh Government has planned to accommodate 100,000 Rohingya refugees

in its Bhasan Char Island.
1. Highlights
The island, Bhasan Char that is regularly submerged in water during monsoon has been
fortified with embankments and flood protection to relocate Rohingyas here. However,
the date of relocation has not been announced. Hospitals, mosques and houses have
been built. There are more than 700,000 Rohingyas that fled to Bangladesh from
Myanmar as the latter began ethnic cleansing of Rohingyas in their country.
2. Bhasan Char
The Island is also known as Hatiya Upazila. It is located at 37 miles from the coast. The
Island has been fortified with Himalayan silt in 2006. It is under water between June and
September due to monsoon rains. This is because Bangladesh is a low-lying Delta
country formed by the two unification of two mighty Himalayan rivers Ganges and
Brahmaputra.
3. Criticizations
The United Nations Refugee Agency termed the move of the Bangladeshi government as
logistically challenging. Several other organizations like the Human Rights Watch
criticized the move as humanitarian disaster.
4. India
India has been deporting Rohingyas to Myanmar. In 2017, the Union Ministry announced
that there are around 40,000 Rohingyas living in India. Around 16,000 of them have
been registered under United Nations as Refugees. They are spread across Delhi,
Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, Haryana and Tamil Nadu.
136. Winged Raider: Indian Army’s largest airborne exercise-500 troops

participate
The Indian Army recently conducted the largest air borne exercise called the Winged
Raider. Around 500 troops participated in the exercise. The exercise was conducted in
the north-eastern theatre.
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1. Highlights
The exercise was conducted to demonstrate the operational readiness of the
paratroopers and air warriors. The C-130 Hercules, Dhruv Helicopters and C-17 globe
master transport aircraft participated in the exercise.
2. Significance
The Army is preparing itself to act against threats posed by China. Indian Army is also
developing infrastructure in the Eastern borders. These exercises help to self-assess the
readiness of the troops. The exercise will also help army to rebalance its western and
northern fronts.
3. Him Vijay
Similar exercise called Him Vijay was conducted in Arunachal Pradesh in October 2019. It
was a mountain combat exercise. The exercise tested the Integrated Battle Groups (IBG)
in Indian army. The IBG consists of tanks, infantry, air defence, logistics and signals. The
IBG is a restructure combat tactics of Indian Army. This helps to meet emerging threats
in the Eastern borders.
137. National Information Centre sets up Centre of Block Chain

Technology in Bengaluru
On January 18, 2020, the National Informatics Centre (NIC) will set up block chain
technology centre in Bengaluru. The centre is to be inaugurated by Union Minister Shri
Ravi Shankar Prasad.
1. Highlights
The centre aims to provide Block Chain as service to all the stake holders who are
interested in shared experiences, learning and resources. The centre will share its block
chain-based proof of concepts with selected government entities. The centre will also act
to help different wings of the government understand the potential of the technology.
2. NIC
National Informatics Centre has always been the premier technology advisor and also a
pioneer in introducing technologies such as National Knowledge Network, NICNET, etc. It
was founded in 1976. NIC operating under Ministry of Electronic and Information
Technology helps government in embracing Information Technology. Since 1990s. It is
also helping to disseminate E-Governance to the citizens.
3. National Knowledge Network

It is a project that aims to create robust network for the country. It integrates
multidisciplinary research and development by acting as a communication platform. The
network aims to connect all the universities, libraries, research institutes, laboratories,
agricultural institutions and health care across the country.
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January 18, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
138. NITI Aayog and Ladakh UT sign MoU to develop Infrastructure

projects
On January 17, 2020, NITI Aayog and Ladakh Union Territory signed a Memorandum of
Understanding. According to the agreement, NITI Aayog will support the administration
of the Ladakh through its initiative “Development Support Services to States for
Infrastructure Projects” (DSSS)
1. Highlights
NITI Aayog will identify high-impact projects. It will expedite project implementations,
create unique models of development and will identify high-impact priority projects. A
team of experts associated with NITI Aayog are to be stationed in Ladakh to identify and
develop the territory. The team will predominantly focus on solar energy, tourism and
basic infrastructure.
2. What are DSSS projects of NITI Aayog?

The main objective of DSSS projects is creating PPP (Public Private Partnership) projects.
In 2018, phase I of the project was completed. In phase I, 10 projects were selected from
400 projects that were submitted by the states. In phase II, that was completed in the
year 2018-19, the selected projects entered transaction stage. Preparation activities
were carried out. The think tank also created techno-economic feasibility report.
139. “APNA UREA-SonaUgle” brand of HURL launched-To increase Urea

Production
The APNA UREA-SonaUgle brand of HURL (Hindustan Urvarak & Rasayan Limited) was
launched by the Union Minister of Chemicals and Fertilizers Shri D V Sadananda Gowda.
1. Recent developments in Urea Production

In order to make India self-sufficient in Urea, the Union Government approved revival of
three Urea plants located in Sindri, Gorakhpur and Barauni. The other two major fertilizer
plants at Talcher and Ramagundam are also to be reopened. With these measures GoI
projects that the annual production of Urea is to increase by 63.5 lakh metric tonnes per
annum.
2. What is HURL?
HURL is a joint venture of Indian Maharatna companies namely IOCL (Indian Oil
Corporation Limited), NTPC (National Thermal Power Corporation) and Coal India Limited.
The objective of HURL is to make India self-reliant in Urea. The following are the targets
set for HURL
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3. Current Scenario of Urea Production
According to National Urea Policy 2015, there are totally 31 Urea producing plants in
India. Out of these, 28 units Natural Gas as feedstock. The rest of the units use Naphtha
as feedstock.
4. Concerns
The production of urea is water consuming process. The current annual water
consumption of urea manufacturing plants as of June 2019 is 191 million cubic metres.
Some of the urea plants in India are yet to abide the 2003 Corporate Responsibility for
Environment Protection Guidelines, 2003 that was issued by CPCB (Central Pollution
Control Board).
140. Russia: Production of S-400 missiles begins; China-India-Russia

meet in March 2020
On January 17, 2020, Russia announced that the production of S-400 air defence missile
system for India has begun. The missiles are to be delivered by 2025. Russia also
announced that the foreign Ministerial meet of Russia, India and China is to be held in
March 2020.
1. Highlights: Missiles
The upgraded version of the S-400 missiles that were previously available only to
Russian forces are to be delivered to India by 2025.
2. China, Russia and India

China was the third country in the world to hold S-400 missiles after Russia and Belarus.
India was the fourth country to possess S 400 missiles only after China. Also, it has been
announced that China will be the first country to get S500 missile system from Russia.
3. S500
The S500 missile is still under development and testing phase in Russia. S500 is very
much similar to the US THAAD (Terminal High Altitude Area Defence) system. S500 is a
surface to air missile system with a range of 600 km.
4. China-India-Russia meet
Russia also announced that the foreign ministers of China, India and Russia is to be held
in March 2020. This is the 17th time the ministers of the countries are meeting. Russia is
also keen that Kashmir issue will not be brought up at the meet.
5. Kashmir issue and UNSC

China has lately been raising the Kashmir issue and abrogation of Article 370 in global
organizations. Recently, China tried to bring up the Kashmir issue at the UNSC (United
Nations Security Council) through a closed-door meet. However, 15-member body voted
against China and the issue couldn’t be brought for discussion. China had earlier tried to
conduct similar closed-door discussions in August 2019 and couldn’t succeed.
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141. Amazon to invest 1 billion USD in India; Create 1 million jobs
On January 17, 2020, one of the world’s largest retailer Amazon announced that it has
planned to invest 1 billion USD in India and generate 1 million jobs. Globally Amazon has
increased its employee base four times.
1. Highlights
The retailer has been constantly facing rage of the small and medium enterprises in
India for its discounts. In order to involve small and medium businesses, a mega summit
called the smBhav was organized by Amazon in the capital on January 14, 2020. Around
3000 small and medium entrepreneurs attended the summit.
2. Analysis
According to the National E-Commerce Policy, 2019, the Indian E-Commerce market is
estimated to reach 200 billion USD by 2026. As India is one of the largest markets in the
world, the foreign E-Commerce giants are competing with each other to capture Indian
market. This 1 trillion USD and smBhav moves of Amazon are best examples.
3. Legislation
The principal legislation that is governing e-commerce in India is the IT act.
142. J&K Development: Rs 2000 crore for Z-Morh Tunnel; 36 Union

Ministers’ visit
After Abrogation of Article 370, Government of India is rapidly working on developing the
territories of Ladakh and Jammu Kashmir. In order to hasten the process, 36 Union
Ministers are to visit the Union Territory. Also, the concession agreement for the Z-Morh
tunnel was signed on January 17, 2020.
1. Highlights
A concession agreement to complete the 6.5 kilo metre Z-Morh Tunnel was signed.
According to the agreement, a two-lane bi-directional tunnel is to be constructed at a
cost of Rs 2000 crores. A parallel escape tunnel is to be completed in 3.5 years. The
tunnel will open NH-1 Srinagar-Sonmarg-Gumri highway throughout the year. The
highway is seldom closed in winter due to snow.
2. About the Tunnel

The tunnel is capable of allowing 1,000 vehicles an hour at a speed of 80 km per hour.
The Tunnel construction process began in 2012. Border Road Organization (BRO) was
the previous implementation agency of the project. The project was however transferred
to IL&FS in 2016. In 2019, on request of IL&FS due its financial crisis, the project was
foreclosed. NHIDCL (National Highway and Infrastructure Development Corporation)
invited for a new concessionaire through bidding process. APCO won the contract and is
to complete the balance work.
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3. Visit of 36 Union Ministers
All the union ministers are to pay a visit to Jammu and Kashmir. The aim of the visit is to
spread information about the policies of the Union Government towards the
development of J&K. This will help to win hope and trust of the people of Jammu and
Kashmir.
143. Tuberculosis: India renames its programme; WHO endorses India

developed tech-TrueNAt MTB
On January 17, 2020, Government of India renamed its National TB Control Programme
to National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme. Also, the WHO (World Health
Organization) recently endorsed on technology developed by Indian scientists to detect
the disease called TrueNat MTB in terms of accuracy.
1. Renaming
GoI has renamed the programme to National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme. The
name change is in line with the goal of India in eliminating the disease by 2025. This is
five years ahead of the goal of United Nations Sustainable Development target.
2. TRueNat MTB
The TrueNat test a new molecular test that can diagnose Tuberculosis in one hour. The
test uses polymerase chain reaction to detect bacteria. The device that conducts the
test is battery operated.
3. India’s plans
The TrueNat MTB kit is to be available at community health centres as a first step.
Slowly, it is to be extended to the primary health centres as well. There are around
5,500 to 6,000 primary health centres in the country.
4. Leprosy and Polio

Previously renaming was also done for leprosy and polio programmes. In 1983, National
Control Programme was renamed to National Leprosy Eradication Programme. Also, in
case of Polio, National Programme for Control of Polio myelitis was renamed to Polio
eradication Programme.
144. Firsts of Census 2021: Cereals eaten, transgender run houses
For the first time, the Census will collect data of transgenders headed houses. Also, the
census will enquire about “Main cereal”, which is also included for the first time in the
history of census of India.
1. Highlights
The Census 2021 is to ask 31 questions to the citizens. For the first time of Indian
history, the following are to be included
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2. What are the questions asked?
During the Census 2021, the following questions are to be asked to the citizens
3. Previous Census
The 2011 census clubbed the employment of transgender, their caste and literacy under
“Males” category.
145. Industrial Meet of ‘Wings India’-Asia’s largest Civil Aviation Event

held at Bengaluru
On January 18, 2020, the Industrial meet of the Asia’s largest Civil Aviation was held in
Bengaluru. The Civil Aviation event is to be held at Begumpet airport, Hyderabad in
March 2020. The theme of the event will be
1. Highlights
The Industrial Meet was held at Bengaluru as the city is the IT Capital of India and has
the potential to become an Aviation Capital of the country. The aim of the meet is to
unite all the regulators and facilitators of the aviation sector. It was announced at the
event that GoI has planned to set up a world class training facility for astronauts and
pilots together.
2. Aviation Sector in India

India is the third largest domestic civil aviation market in the world. Also, it is the second
fastest aviation industry in the world. Currently, India ranks 9 in terms of the civil
aviation market.
3. Targets set for aviation sector


India aims to become the third largest aviation market globally by 2024
The number of Indian carriers is to be increased to 1,100 by 2027
The freight traffic at the airports of India is to cross 11.4 MT by 2032.
 India aims to become the third largest aviation market globally by 2024
 The number of Indian carriers is to be increased to 1,100 by 2027
 The freight traffic at the airports of India is to cross 11.4 MT by 2032.
The GoI has taken several measures to improve the sector. It includes permitting 100%
FDI in sea planes, helicopter services, group handling services and non-scheduled air
transport services
146. ELECRAMA-Indian Electrical Industry Showcase inaugurated
On January 18, 2020, the ELECRAMA 2020 was held in Noida. The event showcases
innovations and achievements of Indian Electrical Industry
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1. Significance
The “ELECRAMA” platform is organized by Indian Electrical and Electronics
Manufacturers’ Association (IEEMA). It is supported by other ministries such as ministry
of renewable energy, power, MSME (Micro Small and Medium Enterprises). It acts a
platform to connect Indian industries with the world. The event also helps the world
leaders share their ideas and develop cost effective solutions.
2. About the event

The ELECRAMA is one of the flagship events of Indian electrical industry. It brings
complete package of solutions to every power problem. It includes transmission,
generation, distribution, renewables, power electronics, electro mobility, power storage
and automation.
3. Electrical Energy in India

India is the third largest producer and consumer of electricity. The National Grid of the
country has the capacity of 368.79 GW as of December 2019. Of this 41.16% is used for
industrial purposes, 24.76% is used for residential purposes, 17.69% is used for
agricultural purposes and commercial sector consumes 8.24% of the total electrical
energy generated in the country.
147. GoI launches “Seismic Hazard Microzonation” to minimize

earthquake disasters
The Ministry of Earth Science has launched Seismic Hazard Microzonation project in
major cities of India. The project aims to reduce hazards of seismic activities by putting
in adequate measures
1. What is Seismic Hazard Microzonation?

It is the process of dividing earth quake prone areas based on certain factors. The
factors include geological and geophysical characteristics of sites. They are ground
shaking, landslide, liquefaction susceptibility, rock fall hazard and flooding caused due to
earth quakes. Based on the division, mitigation measures are prepared. Hence, it is a
preventive method to minimise the losses.
2. Microzonation in India
So far, the mapping has been done in the State of Sikkim and in other eight cities. The
cities are Delhi, Bengaluru, Kolkata, Guwahati, Jabalpur, Dehra Dun, Ahmedabad and
Gandhidham.
3. Japan
Japan is the best example where microzonation techniques are well implemented. The
Civil engineering practice in Japan is based on microzonation laws. This helps to design
infrastructure with seismic resilience.
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4. Need
The technique gives better mitigatory measures as it helps to understand the impact of
seismic activities precisely. In certain places, where no reliable prediction model can be
implemented, it is essential to adopt preventive measures.
January 19, 2020
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148. World Gold Council report: RBI ranks 6th in buying gold abroad
The World Gold Council (WGC) recently released its report, “World Gold Outlook 2020”.
The report says that gold has performed the best since 2010 in 2019. In 2019, the gold
trade in USD has increased by 18.4% as compared to 2010.
1. Highlights: India
According to the WGC, RBI (Reserve Bank of India) currently holds 625.2 tonnes of gold.
This is 6.6% of the country’s foreign exchange. With this, India ranks sixth in the world
among other central banks.
2. Highlights: World
The other 5 countries that have bought more gold than India include China, Russia,
Kazakhstan, Turkey and Poland. The Exchange Traded Funds (ETF) of institutional
investors were the second largest buyers of gold in 2019. The report predicts that they
will continue to buy more gold in 2020 as well.
3. World Gold Council

The WGC is a market development organization. The headquarters of WGC is located in
London. The offices of WGC are located in China, India, US and Singapore. The WGC
office in India is located in Mumbai.
149. Myanmar-China sign 33 deals of BRI: Increases China’s ease of

access of Indian Ocean
On January 18, 2020, China and Myanmar signed 33 new deals under BRI (Belt and Road
Initiative) to implement China-Myanmar Economic Corridor. Also, a concession
agreement was signed by he countries to implement the deep seaport project called
Kyaukphyu Special Economic Zone.
1. Highlights
The agreements were signed to strengthen the collaboration in infrastructure sector that
includes rail connectivity, roads and power interconnection projects. However, the
controversial Myitsone dam project that is backed by China was not discussed.
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2. India’s Concerns
The project allows China to have easy of access to Indian Ocean. This is because this
route bypasses Strait of Malacca through which China imports most of its oil
requirements. Strait of Malacca connects Andaman Sea and South China Sea. This route
is on the international boundary and is far from India’s territories as compared to the
Myanmar route. With China of Ease of access to Indian Ocean, India has to strengthen its
Navy to safeguard its interests in the region. Also, Indian Navy is already witnessing
increased Chinese presence in the IOR.
3. Myitsone Dam
The project was proposed across Irawaddy river. It was suspended and the Chinese tried
to revive it at an estimated cost of 3.6 billion USD. The project is controversial as it is
located at a 60-mile distance from the Sagaing fault line.
January 20, 2020
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150. K-4 Nuclear capable Underwater missile test fired by India
On January 19, 2020, India test fired K4, a 3,500 km range nuclear capable missile
successfully. The missile is meant for Arihant-class submarines. Arihant is the first
indigenously manufactured nuclear submarine.
1. Highlights
The K4 missile was test fired from the East Coast of Andhra Pradesh from an underwater
pontoon. India already operates Submarine Launched Ballistic Missile, K-15. However,
the range of K-15 is limited to 750 km. The other under water missile being developed
by India is BO-5, whose range is 700-km. India has also begun its research on K-5 whose
target is 5,000 km.
2. K series missiles
The K-4 is an intermediate-range submarine launched ballistic missile. The K-series
missiles are named after former president APJ Abdul Kalam. They are much faster than
Agni missiles. The other K-series missiles are K-15, K-5 and K-6. The K-5 and K-6 are
under development by DRDO.
3. India’s Nuclear Arsenal

India, today, holds 130 to 140 nuclear weapons. It holds 8,300 kg of plutonium that is
capable of producing 1000 more nuclear weapons.
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151. National Ganga Mission Begins Conservation of wet lands along the
Ganges
The National Mission of Clean Ganga (NMCG) has taken up the initiative under Namami
Gange Project to conserve wetlands of the Ganges basin. The primary aim of Namami
Gange project is to rejuvenate the river by increasing its flow. It also includes recharging
aquifers and conservation of wetlands.
1. Highlights
The NMCG along with the State Wetland authorities will identify and prepare plans in
conserving wetlands.
2. Conditions of Wetlands along Ganges

Some of the wetlands are degraded through the drainage, landfill and over exploitation.
For instance, the recently closed Sisamau Nala drainage in Kanpur contaminated the
underground water and also river ecosystem in the region.
3. Significance of Wetlands
The wetlands provide nutrient recycling, flood and drought mitigation, surface and
groundwater recharge.
4. Wetland Conservation
Ramsar Convention is an intergovernmental treaty that was established in 1971 by
UNESCO. It is a treaty that was signed for the conservation of wetlands. There are 27
Ramsar sited in India.
5. Steps of India
India differentiates its wetlands into 8 categories based on their regional presence. It
includes Deccan Plateau in the south, saline expanses in Rajasthan, Gulf of Kutch and
Gujarat, delta wetlands of India’s East Coast, lakes and rivers in mountain regions of
Ladakh and Kashmir, marshes and swamps in northeast India and Himalayan foothills
and mangroves of Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
152. National Immunization Day observed in India
On January 19, 2020, the National Immunization Day (NID) was observed all over India
as a part of Pulse Polio Programme, 2020. Around 17.4 crore children of age less than 5
hears were administered polio drops to sustain polio eradication in India.
1. Highlights
India has eradicated polio completely in 2012. In order to sustain the eradication, GoI
organizes Pulse Polio immunization campaigns on the standards set by World Health
Organization (WHO). The next round of National Immunization Day is to be held in March
10.
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2. National Immunization Day
The National Immunization Day are one of the four strategies that are recommended by
the WHO to eradicate polio completely. According to WHO, the NID has to be conducted
twice a year at a gap of 2 to 4 weeks.
3. What are IPV and OPV?

IPV is a wild-type poliovirus strain that is administered in combination of other vaccines.
It includes Diptheria, pertussis, tetanus, haemophilus, hepatitis B and influenza.
153. India to set up Maritime Research Coordination Centre in Sri Lanka
On January 19, 2020, Indian National Security Advisor (NSA) Ajit Doval met Sri Lankan
President Gotbaya Rajpaksa. He discussed setting up of maritime research coordination
centre in the country. The establishment of research centre is important to learn
maritime activities in the Indian Ocean Region.
1. Highlights
The Sri Lankan President and the Indian NSA discussed improving bilateral relations and
also to strengthen cooperation between the armed forces of the countries. India recently
extended military assistance of 50 million USD to Sri Lanka. The visit highlights that
India is trying to create robust maritime security cooperation involving Maldives and Sri
Lanka.
2. Maritime Irritants between the Countries

In spite of two maritime agreements that were signed in 1974 and 1976, there are
several irritants between the countries. In 1974 agreement, India agreed to Sri Lanka’s
sovereignty over Katchchativu island but with some safeguards. The safeguards were
included by India to protect its fishermen. However, Sri Lanka till date complains that the
agreement failed to give fishing rights to Sri Lankan fishermen.
154. Group of Ministers report on legal framework to prevent sexual

harassment
On January 19, 2020, the Group of Ministers headed by Home Minister Amit Shah
finalized its report to change the legal framework that will help prevent sexual
harassment of women at work places.
1. Highlights
The Group of Ministers was constituted in October 2018 after the “Me Too” campaign.
The group was reconstituted under the Home Minster in July 2019. Apart from this, the
GoI is also working on a project to change the IPC (Indian Penal Code) that was
introduced during British rule in 1860. The ministers have recommended to strengthen
the laws.
2. Referrals of the report

The report is predominantly based on the following
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3. Significance
According to NCRB (National Crime Records Bureau), in 2017 and 2018, the number of
sexual harassments of women at work premises were 479 and 401 respectively. The
cases were registered under IPC Section 509 and were highest in cities such as Delhi,
Pune, Bengaluru and Mumbai.
155. Report on Central and State Water Departments based on Efficiency

Targets: Gujarat leads
The Ministry of Jal Shakti recently launched rankings of Central and state governmental
water departments based on their efficiency targets. According to the report, Gujarat
topped the ranking and Delhi was pushed to the last.
1. Highlights
Among the seven central government departments, Survey of India topped the list
followed by National Institute of Hydrology and Central Water Commission. The Central
Pollution Control Board received the lowest rank.
2. Aim is the ranking

The ranking was done as a part of mid-term review of the central and state government
departments. It also aims to create Water Resource Information System (WRIS) in all
states. This will help to create real time NWIC (National Water Information Centre).
3. Performance parameters
The departments and states were ranked based on real-time data acquisition, analytical
work, procurement, data digitization, trainings, updating MIS and analytical work. Based
on these parameters, the government agency was awarded with a score between 0 and
100.
156. 1 trillion USD required to achieve UN’s Decarbonization Target of

Shipping Industry
The United Nations had set the target of reducing carbon emissions from shipping
industry by 50% by 2050 as compared to the levels in 2008. A study of London based
Energy Institute (University College London’s Energy Institute) suggest that in order to
achieve the target, the world has to spend 1 trillion USD.
1. Highlights
According to the United Nations, the emissions from shipping account to 2.2% of world
carbon-dioxide emissions. Reducing shipping emissions is ambitious and challenging as
the shipping sector plays a major role in the growth of the economy. 90% of world trade
happen at sea.
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2. When was the resolution adopted?
The International Maritime Organization regulates international shipping and its green
house gas emissions. The shipping industry was the only sector that was left out of the
1997 Kyoto protocol and its successor 2015 Paris agreement.
157. Delhi Government releases Guarantee card on free bus services,

water & electricity
On January 19, 2020, the Delhi Government released the guarantee card that consisted
of 10 guarantees for the residents of Delhi. It included free bus services, electricity,
water supply, pollution, etc.
1. Electricity
The card guaranteed uninterrupted power supply throughout the year. It also included
free electricity for all the residents up to 200 units of consumption. The Government has
also assured to replace the overhead electrical wires with underground cables.
2. Water
The card also assured supply of 24/7 clean drinking water to every household of the
Territory by 2025. It also added that 20,000 litres of free drinking water scheme that is
being currently implemented will continue along with other schemes
3. Infrastructure
The Guarantee card included free education, better health facility and mohalla clinics for
those living in unauthorized colonies. It also promised to build pucca houses under
“Jahan Jhuggi Wahin Makan” scheme for those living in slums.
4. Other Guarantees
The Guarantee card also aims at providing cheapest transport facilities. It has offered to
run free bus services to all students and women in the national capital. It also
guarantees to make Delhi safer for women by deploying “Mohalla Marshals”.
158. National Agricultural Export Authority, APEDA launched 186

product testing laboratories
On January 20, 2020, the APEDA (Agricultural and Processed Food Products Development
Authority) has added 135 laboratories to the existing 51 laboratories. With this initiative,
the total number of agricultural product testing laboratories in the country has increased
to 186.
1. Highlights
The new laboratories are being installed in states with high agricultural potential such as
Gujarat, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Telangana and Karnataka. In order
to strengthen the network, a new policy has been adopted by APEDA. According to the
policy, NABL (National Accreditation Board for testing and calibration Laboratories)
accredited laboratories are to be added to the APEDA network.
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2. NABL
The NABL provides the procedure for integrated assessment and requirements for
testing laboratories set up in the country. It works under Department of Promotion of
Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT). Both NABL and DPIIT operate under Ministry of
Commerce and Industry.
3. Agricultural sector in India

Agricultural sector today employs more than 60% of the population. However, it
accounts to only 17% of India’s GDP, which is 2.6 trillion USD. India has achieved self
sufficiency in food grain production. India is one of the highest-ranking countries in
terms of rice, dairy, cotton, fruits, meat, vegetables and seafood. However, due to lack
of storage infrastructure, 40% of the produce are lost. The losses alone account to 13
billion USD annually. The export capacity of India can be increased if these losses are
minimized.
159. India prepares for Corona Virus-Steps of Health Ministry
India has been closely monitoring the happenings in China after more than 200 cases
were confirmed to be infected with Corona virus (a new stain). The increase in numbers
is mainly because more than millions travel for Lunar New Year in China.
1. Highlights
India is preparing itself after it has learnt from WHO (World Health Organization) that the
infections of the virus are linked to sea food market. Managing the importation of the
virus into the country is being strengthened.
2. Sea Food Scenario in India

The chances of India being the victim of the virus is minimal. This is because India’s
imports of sea food are highly limited. According to 2018 report of MPEDA (Marine
Products Export Development Authority), India exported sea food (fish predominantly)
worth of 6,923 million USD and imported 138 million USD. USA is the predominant
import destination of India according to MPEDA. Import of sea food from other countries
is miniscule or negligent. As far as China is considered, Japan is its leading importer of
sea food from China, followed by USA, Hong Kong and Korea.
160. NIC organizes Tech Conclave in New Delhi on “Technologies for

NextGen Governance”
The National Informatics Centre (NIC) is to hold a 2-day technology Conclave in New
Delhi. The event is to be conducted between January 21, 2020 and January 22, 2020.
The Conclave is to be inaugurated by Union Minister Shri Ravi Shankar Prasad.
1. Highlights
The Technology Conclave will discuss application of Information and Communication
Technology. The conclave is to be held under the theme
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2. India’s E-Governance
Recently India has been adopting electronic governance. With subsidy transfer to census
2021, GoI has been adopting technologies for the governance to reach citizens at a
faster rate. Some of the highly successful e-governance initiatives include
January 21, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
161. UNCTAD releases Global investment Trend report: India among top
10 recipients of FDI
On January 20, 2020, the United Nation Conference on Trade and Development released
its report on Global Investment Trend Monitor Report for the year 2019. The Global FDI
of the year 2019 was 1.39 trillion USD. This has declined by 1% as compared to 2018.
According to the report, FDI in South Asia increased by 10% as compared to 2018. The
inflows of Pakistan and Bangladesh however declined by 20% and 6% respectively.
China remained the topmost FDI recipient in the world as it was in 2018 followed by the
United States. The United States in 2019 attracted 251 billion USD FDI and the inflows of
China was 140 billion USD.
The growth of FDI in South Asia was mainly due to India. In 2019, the India’s FDI was 49
billion USD. The report says that FDI in 2019 has increased by 16% as compared to
2018. The majority of the input in India went into Information Technology.
3. Predictions of 2020
The report predicts that FDI flows in the country will increase in 2020.
162. “TIGERSHARKS”, First Squadron of Sukhoi-30 MKI aircraft inducted

by IAF in Tamil Nadu
On January 20, 2020, the 222 Squadron of Sukhoi-30MKI fighter jets was inducted by the
Indian Air Force in Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu. The squadron has been named “Tiger Sharks”.
1. Highlights
The squadron has been inducted with modified Sukhoi-30MKI fighter jets that are
modified to carry BrahMos missiles.
2. Background
The 222 Squadron of Sukhoi-30MKI squadron called the Tiger Sharks was first raised in
Ambala, Haryana in 1969. It also took part in 1971 Indo-Pakistan war. In 1985, Tiger
Sharks were the first squadron to be equipped with MiG-27.
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3. Tiger Sharks
So far there are 12 squadrons of Tiger Sharks inducted in India including the one
recently inducted in Tamil Nadu. The other 11 were deployed in Pune, Halwara, Sirsa,
Jodhpur, Tezpur, Bareilly, Chabua.
4. Why Tamil Nadu?

The Squadron is being inducted in Tamil Nadu to check the fast-expanding strategic
footprint of China in the Indian Ocean Region. China had established its first military
base in Djibouti in the region surrounding Horn of Africa. In fact, the base at Djibouti was
the first overseas army support base established by Chinese People’s Liberation Army.
The squadron will help to check China’s fast-growing footprint in Indian Ocean.
5. China’s Malacca Dilemma

China has been constantly finding ways to reduce its dependence on Straits of Malacca.
This is to ensure long term energy security policy as piracy in the route is increasing.
This policy of China seeking alternate routes is called “Malacca Dilemma”. It was
introduced by President Hu Jintao in 2003.
6. Malacca Dilemma’s alternate routes

China on the lines of Malacca Dilemma has opened oil and gas pipelines in 2013
between Port Sitwe (in Myanmar waters) and Chinese Kunming in Yunnan province. Also,
China is developing Gwadar port of Pakistan on the side lines of BRI initiative. A proposal
to construct a canal across Isthmus of Kra is still under consideration.
163. Carbon Disclosure Project: India ranks 5th
On January 21, 2020, the Carbon Disclosure Project, an annual report on carbon
reduction activities of different countries and their firms was released by a non-profit
organization Global Reporting Initiative. According to the report, the countries were
ranked based on their corporate responsibilities of carbon reduction. In order to assess
the role played by them, their science-based targets were weighed.
1. Highlights
According to the report, 58 Indian companies disclosed their environment related
activities to the organization. Based on their disclosure, the report concludes that 98% of
the top Indian companies have now formed committees to address climate related
issues. The change has been witnessed between 2018 and 2019.
2. Global Reporting Initiative

The Global Reporting initiative helps businesses, organizations and governments to
understand the impacts of climate change, corruption and human rights.
164. GoI launches paperless licensing of petroleum service stations
On January 20, 2020, the Department of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) announced
that it has launched paperless licensing process for petroleum service stations. The
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paperless licensing has been launched under Petroleum Rules, 2002. The implementing
agency of the order would be Petroleum and Explosives Safety Organization (PESO).
1. Highlights
The issue of paperless license for road tankers was launched earlier this month. After its
launch, 300 licenses have been issued so far. With the paperless licensing being
extended for petroleum service stations, it will benefit more than 70,000 pumps and oil
marketing companies. Also, the move is important because, of all the licenses the road
tankers and petroleum service station licenses account to more than 85%. Therefore,
this will benefit in decreasing the transit time of fuel as a greater number of vehicles can
easily be employed in the process.
2. PESO
PESO is a department formed under DPIIT and both the bodies work under Ministry of
Commerce and Industry. PESO administers the following acts
165. Global Social Mobility Index launched at World Economic Forum:

India ranks 76th
On January 20, 2020, the World Economic Forum released the Social Mobility Index. The
index measures social mobility of the population world wide.
1. What is Social Mobility?

Social Mobility is the upward or downward movement of an individual in personal
circumstances in relation to their parents.
2. Findings of the Report

According to the report, Denmark ranks the first followed by Finland, Norway, Sweden
and Iceland. India ranked 76th out of 82 countries.
3. Impact of 4th Industrial Revolution

According to the report, the fourth industrial revolution has created several social
inequalities. It is disrupting labor market by inducing wage disparities.
January 22, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
166. Claims against India under Bilateral International Treaty dismissed
The Bilateral International Treaty organization, an international arbitration tribunal

recently dismissed all the claims against India.
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1. Highlights
The claims against India was brought the organization by private firms in Cyprus and
Russia. The claims were under Agreement between Government of Russian Federation
and Cyprus for promotion and protection of investments. The claims have now been
dismissed completely.
2. Bilateral Investment Treaty

BIT is an agreement that was established for FDI. It allows countries to set up rules for
investments between each other. The treaty is the successor of the 19th century
friendship, commerce and navigation treaty.
3. Significance
India entered BIT in the mid-90s. It is important for India to sign BIT to make conditions
favourable for foreign investors. While most of the treaties in the world focus on ‘most
favored Nation’ treatment, BIT treats foreign countries equally.
4. India and BIT

According to the data of Ministry of Finance, India has so far signed BIT with 75 states.
Out of these 66 are already in force and 9 are yet to be entered into force. India has
signed 40 BITs with less developed and developing nations.
167. Women Power at Republic Day parade: Tania Shergil and CRPF
bikers
The Republic Day parade held at Rajpath every year is one of the largest parades of the
world. The parade marches from Rashtrapati Bhawan along Rajpath until India Gate. This
year the parade has certain events to express the woman power in the defence sector.
1. Women Power
1.1. Tania Shergil

In 2020 republic day parade, Tania Shergil becomes the first woman officer to lead all-
men contingent. The Contingent was commissioned in March 2017 from Officer Training
Academy, Chennai.
1.2. First Women CRPF Bikers

All women biker contingent of the Central Reserve Police Force will make their debut
showcasing daredevil stunts at the Republic Day parade. The team consists of 65 women
CRPF personnel and will display their acrobatic skills on Royal Enfield Bullet motorcycles.
2. Other firsts of woman power

The CRPF raised the first all women battalion in Asia region in 1986. In 2018, the an all
women bikers team of the Border Security Force made a similar debut. In 2015, an all
women marching contingents of navy, army and air force debuted the national parade.
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168. Start Up India-first time in Republic Parade; Indian Navy
The Department of Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) operating under
Ministry of Commerce and Industry is to showcase tableau on Start Up India at the
Republic Day Parade to be held at Rajpath, New Delhi. The tableau is to be held under
the theme
1. Highlights
The following are to be represented at the parade
2. Indian Navy
The Indian Navy is to showcase its tableau at the Republic Day parade under the theme
169. India Nepal inaugurate new check post, Jogbani-Biratnagar at the

border
On January 21, 2020, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Nepalese PM Oli
inaugurated an integrated check post (ICP) at Jogbani-Biratnagar. This is the second
check post that is being built at the border with Indian Assistance.
1. Highlights
The aim of the new integrated check post is to facilitate trade and movement of people
across the border. The check post was built under assistance of India. India helped in the
construction based on its “Neighbourhood First Policy”. The check post was built over
260 acres with Indian assistance of Rs 140 crores.
2. Significance
The check posts ensure better border management for the movement of passenger and
cargo. They will also help to boost 7 billion USD trade between the countries.
3. What is Integrated Check Post?

Integrated Check Posts are trade facilitation centres at borders of India. The centres help
boost bilateral trade and also help to improve movement of passengers in the border.
This helps to generate employment, developing the area surrounding the check post.
Ultimately, it helps in overall growth of the economy.
170. 32nd interaction of PRAGATI held: Rs 24,000 crores worth projects

discussed
On 22 January, 2020, PM Modi chaired the 32nd PRAGATI meet. Under the Pro-Active
Governance and Timely Implementation, the Prime Minister reviewed projects that are
being implemented by the union government and their progress.
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1. Highlights
The Prime Minister discussed 24 projects that were of worth Rs 24,000 crores at the
meet. The projects were spread over 9 states namely Telangana, Odisha, Maharashtra,
Karnataka, Jharkhand, Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Kerala. It included three
projects from Ministry of Railways, one from Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas and
five from Ministtry of Road Transport.
2. Crime and Criminal Tracking Network Tracking System (CCTNS)

The CCTNS was established in 2009 to create comprehensive and integrated system for
effective e-governance. It will interconnect 15,000 police stations and digitize data
related to FIR registrations. This aids in developing developing a national database of
criminals and crimes.
3. Previous PRGATI outcomes

At the 31st PRAGATI interactions, projects worth 12 lakh crores were reviewed. It also
discussed grievances of Indian citizens working abroad, Aspirational District Programme,
National Agricultural Market and infrastructural development programmes. Around 9
projects that were of 61,000 crores of rupees were taken up for discussion. It included
Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir as well.
4. PRAGATI
PRAGATI was launched by PM Modi in March 2015. It is an interactive platform to
address grievances of common people. The issues faced by the implementing agencies
are uploaded in the platform on third Wednesday every month.
171. India joins Reskilling Revolution Initiative at World Economic Forum

as a Founding Member
On January 22, 2020, India joined Reskilling Revolution initiative of World Economic
Forum. It helps economies to adopt o changes being introduced by Fourth Industrial
Revolution.
1. Highlights
India joined the Reskilling Revolution Initiative launched at the World Economic Forum as
founding member. The other founding members include US, UAE, Russia, Pakistan,
France and Brazil. The initiative aims at providing better education, jobs and skills for
more than 1 billion people in the world by 2030.
2. Significance
According to the World Economic Forum, around 75 million jobs are to displaced. This is
predominantly because of technological integration and automation. The transformation
will also create large scale unemployment affecting the labour population greatly. It will
also create demand for 133 million new jobs. Therefore, it is essential to shift the labour
population towards the requirement of the technology upgrade. In order to achieve this,
the Reskilling Revolution Platform has been launched.
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3. Report
In order to achieve the reskilling, the World Economic Forum also released a report
namely “Jobs of Tomorrow: Mapping Opportunity in the New Economy”. The report
mapped 96 new emerging jobs in seven fastest growing professions based on new
technologies.
4. Fourth Industrial Revolution

The transformation is happening mainly due to fourth industrial revolution. Fourth
Industrial Revolution is the developing environment where robotics, Internet of Things
and Artificial Intelligence are changing the lives of people globally. It has increased
machine operated automation and changed the labour force involved.
172. World Economic Forum Survey: World loses hopes in Climate

Science; Indians are most-trusting
The World Economic Forum published its opinion poll during its 50th annual meeting in
Davos. The annual meeting was called for urgent upskilling and better climate
education.
1. Highlights
According to the survey, India and Bangladesh are the most trusting people in climate
science. The citizens of both the countries keep themselves updated about the
happening of the world. Also, they trusted the climate scientists and their discoveries.
India was followed by Bangladesh, Pakistan, China and Turkey.
2. About the Survey

The Survey was held in 30 countries covering 76% of world population. The survey has
been presented on the 2020 theme which is
3. Significance
The survey is important to learn about the status of mind and opinion of world
population in different part. This forms the base to organize campaigns. The survey will
now act as the major decision maker when it comes to design the type of awareness
campaign to be adopted in a specific region.
173. World Economic Forum: 1 trillion trees and report on Password role
in Cyber Crime
The World Economic Forum began on January 21, 2020 in Davos. The highlight of the
forum this year is over its initiative to plant 1 trillion trees in the next decade and also to
equip 1 billion people with fourth industrial revolution. The forum has released a report
on the role of passwords in cyber crimes. According to the report, fourth industrial
revolution reduces cost spent on maintaining passwords and their secrecy.
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1. Highlights: 1 Trillion Trees
The World Economic Forum has joined the “Tree Trillion Campaign” that was launched
by UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) in 2006 as “Billion Tree Campaign”.
In 2011, the project was handed over to Plant for the Planet (a NGO).
2. Highlights: Role of Password

On January 22, 2020, the World Economic Forum released report on passwords and the
cost involved in maintaining their secrecy. According to the report, cybercrime is to cost
2.9 billion USD to the global economy. Around 50% of IT Help Desk costs are spent on
password resets. Therefore, it is essential to shift the password-based system towards
Artificial Intelligence and other fourth Industrial Revolution technologies.
January 23, 2020
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174. Facts Box: “Three Capital Bill” of Andhra Pradesh
The Andhra Pradesh Government has passed the “Andhra Pradesh Decentralisation and
Equal Development of All Regions Bill”, 2020. The bill paves way for three capitals of the
state.
1. Highlights
The three capitals are Amaravati-legislative capital, Vishakhapatnam-the executive
capital and Kurnool-judicial capital. The three-capital system is being adopted by the
government of Andhra Pradesh in order to ensure equal development throughout the
state. This also aids in decentralization of government. The above cities were selected as
capitals for their strategic location to aid decentralization.
2. Committees
The cities were recommended by the committees namely B N Sri Krishna Committee, G
N Rao Committee and K Sivaramakrishnan Committee.
3. Indian States
There are other states in India with two capitals as well. It includes Maharashtra,
Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir. The capitals of Maharashtra are Mumbai and
Nagpur. The state holds winter session of the state in Nagpur. Similarly, the capitals of
Himachal Pradesh are Shimla and Dharamshala (Winter). The capital of Jammu and
Kashmir were Srinagar and Jammu (winter).
4. Other Countries
The other countries that have multiple capitals include Sri Lanka and Malaysia. In Sri
Lanka, Jayawardenepura Kotte is the seat of national legislature and is the official capital
and Colombo is the seat of judicial bodies and national executives.
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175. National Startup Advisory Council setup to boost Startups and
Innovations
On January 22, 2020, the Union Ministry of Commerce and Industry has setup National
Startup Advisory Council. The council will suggest ways to build strong start ups in the
country. It is being set up to reduce the time spent on tax compliance to less than one-
hour a month and to boost the availability of domestic and global capital.
1. Composition of the Council

The council is to be chaired by the Minister of Commerce and Industry. The Council will
have non-official members nominated by the Union Government. The non-official
members will hold office for two years.
2. Functions of the council

The Council will suggest measures to spread culture of innovation among all the citizens
and students. This will help to promote innovation among all sectors of the economy
widely. It will also recommend measures to facilitate public organisations. This will help
to deliver better governance, promote creation and commercialize intellectual property
rights.
176. India-Brazil: BIT to be signed; Cabinet approves agreements on

legal assistance, Oil
On January 23, 2020, India and Brazil will sign the Bilateral Investment Treaty during the
visit of Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro. The President is visiting India as a Chief Guest
of Republic Day celebrations.
1. Highlights
The President of Brazil is to visit India between January 24, 2020 and January 27, 2020.
The countries will sign 20 agreements during his visit. They will upgrade their Strategic
Partnership Action Plan. The plan is to serve as the base for the agreements to be
signed. The countries are expected to sign agreements in the sectors of technology,
cooperation, logistics and sharing.
2. Cabinet Approval
On January 23, the union cabinet approved agreements between India and Brazil on
Mutual Legal Assistance in criminal matters and in the sector of oil and natural gas.
2.1. Mutual Legal Assistance

According to the agreement, the countries will aid each other in investigation of crimes.
This will help to track, confiscate and restrain instruments of crime and also the funds
used to finance terrorism.
2.2. Oil and Natural Gas

The Cabinet also cleared the agreement signed by India and Brazil on Oil and natural
gas. According to the agreement, the countries will work towards establishing
cooperation in production and exploration of oil and natural gas.
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3. Brazil
Brazil is the 12th largest oil producer in the world. With raising tensions between US and
Iran and increasing oil prices, it is important for India to search for alternative to keep oil
prices under control.
177. India participates at United Nations AIDS Programme at World

Economic Forum
On January 21, 2020, India participated at the United Nations AIDS (UNAIDS) programme
at the World Economic Forum (WEF). The theme of the programme was
1. Highlights
The health needs, technologies and solutions to bridge economic inequalities in the
health sector were discussed. India was represented by Union Minister of state for
Shipping and Chemical and Fertilizers Mansukh Mandaviya.
2. UNAIDS Programme
The main objective of the programme is to coordinate global action on the AIDS disease
and alleviate its impact. It was established in 1994.
3. AIDS in India
The AIDS programme in India is implemented by NACO (National AIDS Control
Organization). It formulates policy and implements prevention and control programmes
of AIDS in the country.
4. NACO
NACO is the nodal organization to implement AIDS programmes of Indian Government.
Apart from this, it also conducts HIV estimation biennially along with ICMR (Indian
Council of Medical Research). The first round of such estimation was conducted in 1998
and the last was done in 2017.
178. Democracy Index released: India ranks 51; Slips 10 positions
On January 22, 2020, the Economic Intelligence Unit released Democracy Index for the
year 2019. The index was topped by Norway. Norway was followed by Iceland and
Sweden at second and third positions respectively. India was pushed to 51st rank
slipping 10 positions as compared to its previous ranking
1. Highlights
According to the report, the slippage of India’s ranking was mainly due to the protests of
Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA), National Register of Citizens (NRC) and abrogation of
special status to Jammu and Kashmir.
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2. Report on Kashmir
With respect to the Kashmir issue of Abrogation of Article 370, the report says that
certain acts of government over the issue led to the decline in the country’s ranking. It
includes deployment of large troops in Jammu and Kashmir region, restricting internet
access and also placing local leaders under house arrest.
3. Report on NRC
The report said that the citizenship registration exercise excluded 1.9 million people
from the final list. Also, the majority of the population excluded were Muslims. This has
enraged large Muslim population and has stoked protests in various parts of the country.
4. History of India’s Index

The democratic indices are awarded over a score of 10. Since the launch of the Index in
2006, India has obtained the lowest score of 6.9 this time in 2019. In 2018, India
obtained 7.23. India’s highest score was 7.91 in 2014 and has declined since then.
However, India’s scores have always remained above global average. This year, the
global average was 5.44.
179. January 23: Birth Anniversary of Subhash Chandra Bose celebrated
On January 23, 2020, India celebrated 123rd birth anniversary of Subhash Chandra Bose.
He was born on January 23, 1897. In order to commemorate Netaji’s birth anniversary,
GoI is inaugurating a temple at Varanasi in the name of the leader with a Dalit woman as
a chief priest. The prayers are to be performed to Bharat Mata at the temple.
1. About Netaji Temple

The temple is to be built in red, white and black colours. The red colour symbolizes
revolution, black represents strength and white for peace. The temple has been built to
inculcate patriotism among the citizens.
2. Azad Hind Fauj

Netaji formed a separate army called the “Azad Hind Fauj”. It was also called the Indian
National Army or the INA. There were around 85,000 soldiers in INA.
3. About Netaji
Netaji did his schooling in Cuttack. He also passed the Indian Civil Service exam.
However, he joined the non-cooperation movement and fought for India’s independence.
He was elected as the president of Indian National Congress in 1939. However, he was
expelled due to his differences with the other Congress leaders.
4. Controversies of Netaji’s Death

Different theories came with death of Subhash Chandra Bose. However, in 2017 GoI in
its reply under Right to Information act, confirmed that the leader had died on August
18, 1945 in a plane crash. He was 48 years old when he died.
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180. Ghana inspired by India’s Ujjwala; India to assist; MoU signed
On January 23, 2020, Ghana announced that the country will replicate the Ujjwala model
of LPG connection under the guidance of India (represented by Indian Oil Corporation).
1. Highlights
LPG coverage in Ghana is 23%. Citizens of Ghana spend hours together at petrol stations
to refill their cylinders. Ghana is to fix the issues around LPG with India’s support. Ghana
inspired by India’s bottling plants of LPG is to implement its replica aiming to cover 50%
of population in the initial stage.
2. MoU
India has signed a Memorandum of Understanding with Ghana to provide assistance in
Ghana’s National LPG Promotion Policy. The MoU will strengthen cooperation between
the countries and will increase the support offered to National Petroleum Authority of
Ghana by India.
3. Achievement of PMUY
Under Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana, 8 crore cooking gas connection were provided to
poor women in less than 3 years. The Programme was launched to safeguard health of
children and women by replacing firewood with LPG.
4. Controversies
India’s CAG (Comptroller and Auditor General) in its report on PMUY expressed its
concerns over delays in supply of cylinder, low consumption, diversions of LPG, etc.
181. Facts Box: ILO’s Labour Report, 2020
The International Labour Organization released its “The World Employment and Social
Outlook: Trends 2020” (WESO) report. The report stated that the global unemployment
has been stable for the last nine years. However, slowing economic growth means that
for the increasing labour force, no new jobs are created.
The report has projected that the unemployment is to increase around 2.5 million in
2020. Currently there are 188 million people unemployed in the world. This means one
in five of the workers worldwide are living in poverty.
According to the report, the growth in countries of India and china in the past 13 years
has caused the global labour inequality to reduce. However, the labour income
distribution within these countries has not changed. The Gender gap in wages of the
labours is more in South Asian countries such as India, Pakistan and Bangladesh as
compared to the rest of the world. While it stands at 15% in developed nations, in these
countries the gender gap of wages is 40%.
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182. Defence Ministry approved procurement of 5,100 crores of
hardware
On January 22, 2020, the Defence Acquisition Council approved the Procurement of
defence equipment that are of worth Rs 5,100 crores. The equipment are to be
purchased from indigenous sources.
1. Highlights
The equipment to be purchased include electronic Warfare systems that are
manufactured by DRDO. It also includes other equipment that are manufactured by local
Indian industries.
2. iDEX
Innovations for Defence Exellence was launched in April 2018 to foster technology
development in Defence and Aerospace. It is being funded by Defence Innovation
Organization that was formed by HAL And BEL. Apart from funding the DIO will also
provide policy guidance to iDEX.
3. Defence Acquisition Council

The Council was formed based on recommendations made by Group of Ministers on
“Reforming the National Security System”. The Group was formed after Kargil war, 2001.
Defence Minister is the Chairman of the council.
January 24, 2020
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183. Phase Out of Ozone Depleting Chemicals achieved by India
Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (EFoCC) recently announced that
India has achieved the complete phase out of ozone depleting Hydro Chloro Fluoro
Carbons (HCFC). The achievement has its route to the Montreal Protocol
1. Highlights
In order to move towards environment friendly technologies, the Ministry of EFoCC
prohibited import of HCFC-141b. The order was issued according to Ozone Depleting
substances (Regulation and Control) amendment rules, 2019. The rules were issued
under Environment (Protection) act, 1986.
2. Benefits
The phase out of HCFC-141b will help in healing the ozone layer in the stratospheric
zone. Also, it will help in climate change mitigation as the industries dependent on HCFC
for foam production will be forced to work on alternative technologies that contribute to
lesser global warming.
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3. Impacts
The step will have great impact on ozone layer. This is because around 50% of ozone
depleting chemicals being used in the country attribute to HCFC-141b.
4. Govt measures to reduce impacts

The after effect of the phase out will greatly affect the MSME (Micro, Small and Medium
Enterprises). In order to prevent this, the Ozone Cell of Ministry of EFoCC had signed
agreements with Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technologies to find
alternate technologies. Assistance is being provide to field trails, training and product
validation.
5. Montreal Protocol
The Montreal Protocol was signed by 190 countries in 1987 to phase out Ozone
Depleting Substances. In order to achieve this, India in 2017 launched a phase out plan.
Though the target of the plan was 2023, India achieved the goal far ahead of the
deadline.
184. “Vyom Mitra”-ISRO’s half Humanoid-An experimental mission of

Gaganyaan
ISRO (Indian Space Research Organization) is to send a half-humanoid robot called the
“Vyom Mitra” as an experimental mission to Gaganyaan. Vyom Mitra means a friend in
Sky.
1. Highlights
ISRO introduced Vyom Mitra at the “Human Space Flight and Exploration-Present
Challenges and Future Trends” seminar that was held in Bengaluru. The robot is to fly in
two unmanned mission that are planned in December 2020 and in June 2021.
2. About Vyom Mitra

The robot can speak two languages namely Hindi and English. It can mimic human
activities such as recognizing other humans and responding to their queries. The robot
can handle switch panel operations. It is also capable of providing air pressure change
warnings.
3. Gaganyaan mission
In order to make the first human space flight programme, Gaganyaan successful, ISRO
has been taking several initiatives. The food for the astronauts is being developed by the
Defence Food Research Laboratory. The astronauts to travel to space received their
training in Russia.
185. January 24: National Girl Child Day
India celebrates National Girl Child Day on January 24 annually. It was initiated by
Ministry of Women and Child Development in 2008.
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1. Highlights
The aim of the day is to spread awareness about inequalities faced by girls in the
country. It also promotes awareness about rights of girl child. Also, it increases
importance of health, education and nutrition of girl child. The National Girl Child Day
also spreads various atrocities faced by girls in their lives. The international day of girl
child is celebrated on October 11 every year.
2. Need
Girls in India face humiliation, discrimination and oppression. According to CRY (Child
Rights and You) India is the home of more than one-third child brides in the world. There
are more than 10 million child brides in the world, They are forced into marriage before
the legal age of 18
3. Sex Ratio
Sex Ratio is the ratio of male to female population. Sex ratio of the entire world is 101
males to 100 females (2018 estimate). In India according to the Census 2011, the sex
ration was 108.9. It has been increasing since 1961. It was 102.4 in 1961, 104.2 in 1980
and 107.5 in 2001.
186. National Data and Analytics Platform released by NITI Aayog
On January 23, 2020, NITI Aayog announced that it will launch National Data and
Analytics Platform (NDAP). The Platform aims to democratize access of government data.
In other words, the platform aims to make the data across all sectors coherent.
1. Highlights
The NDAP will act as a platform for different stakeholders to access data in an easy way.
It will host latest data from all the government websites. Also, the platform will
standardize formats in which data has to be presented.
2. NITI Aayog
The NITI Aayog is National Institution for Transforming India. It is a policy think tank that
was established to achieve sustainable development goals through cooperative
federalism. Cooperative Federalism encourage healthy competition among states.
January 25, 2020
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187. 25 January – National Voters Day
National Voters Day (ननननननननन नननननन नननन) is celebrated on 25 January every year to
mark the foundation day of Election Commission of India (ECI). ECI was established on
25 January 1950. It’s a constitutional body deriving its authority from Article 324 of the
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Constitution and Representation of the People Acts. The day was started in 2011. Year
2020 marks 10th National Voters Day.
1. Objective
Objective of National Voters Day is to encourage, facilitate and maximize the enrolment
of new voters and active participation of the active voters.
2. Theme of National Voters Day – 2020

The theme of National Voters Day – 2020 is ‘Electoral Literacy for a Stronger
Democracy.’
January 26, 2020
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188. Ganga-Volga Dialogue held with Russia to enhance Connectivity
The Ganga-Volga Dialogue was held between India and Russia in New Delhi. The
dialogue focused in providing interface between the civilizations of the countries.
1. Highlights
The dialogue prioritized people-to-people contact. According to Russia, the dialogue
acted as a good platform for its policy of “Greater Eurasia”. The Dialogue was held on
the following theme
2. Proposals Discussed
The dialogue discussed the following key proposals
3. Other Discussions
During the dialogue India placed its state of not being into any military alliance in the
Quad grouping. This is important for India to keep its trade and defence relations
between with Russia and USA balanced. Also, India’s policy of SAGAR Indian Ocean were
also discussed. The relations between India and CSTO (Collective Security Treaty
Organization) were also discussed.
189. Department of Biotechnology held International Summit on Women

in STEM
On January 25, 2020, the Department of Biotechnology held an International Summit on

Women in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) on the following
theme
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1. Highlights
The summit show cased the success of several women in the field of STEM. The summit
also hosted different sessions on empowering women through networking, leadership
building, interactive exercises with scientists.
2. Constitution
According to Article 51A, it is the duty of every citizen to develop scientific temper, spirit
of inquiry and humanism.
3. Significance of the summit

The National Science Foundation predicts that around 80% of the jobs created in the
next 10 years will be STEM oriented. However, India lags students in the field of
problem-solving, innovation and creativity.
190. India & World Bank sign Agreement of 210 million USD in
agriculture and rural transformation
The Government of Maharashtra and World Bank signed a 210 million USD agreement to
facilitate agriculture value chains, increase market access and build resilient crops.
1. Highlights
The Project is to be implemented in 36 districts of the state of Maharashtra. Around 43%
of farmers and farm workers are expected to participate in the project. The main aim of
the agreement is to facilitate small farmers compete agri-business investments and
build crops resilient to flood and droughts.
2. Scenario in Maharashtra
Today, Maharashtra is the largest producer of fruits and vegetables in the country. It is
also the largest exporter of pulses, fruits, cotton, vegetables and soybean. However, the
area of cultivation of rice and wheat in the state has been declining constantly in the
state.
3. Other Programmes
India is also conducting other programmes under National Action Plan on Climate
Change to promote climate smart technologies and practices and also use of less water.
4. Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures

These are measures that are applied to protect animal and human life from the risks of
spread of pests, diseases, toxins and contaminants in food.
191. India’s first Super Fab Lab inaugurated in Kerala
On January 25, 2020, India’s first Super Fab Lab was inaugurated in Kerala. The
laboratory is to function in collaboration with Massachusetts Institute of Technology
(MIT), USA. It is the only laboratory that is being installed outside US.
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1. Highlights
The Super Fab Lab is being installed in collaboration with KSUM (Kerala Startup Mission).
The laboratory will break down barriers between physical world and digital world.
2. What is a Fab Lab?

A Fab Lab is a laboratory that offers digital fabrication. It is colloquially defined as, “How
to make almost anything”. It is an array of computers that covers almost all materials. It
is used in businesses to develop prototypes and also in education. It includes CNC
cutting, plasma metal cutting, laser cutting, electronics and microprocessors and 3D
printing and scanning.
3. Vigyan Ashram
Vigyan Ashram was the first Fab Lab to be opened in India. It was established in 2002.
Also, it was the first fab lab to be opened outside USA (MIT).
4. Fab Fi
Fab Fi is the wireless network that is currently being operated in Afghanistan, US and
Kenya. It provides high speed internet from a central provider.
5. KSUM
The Kerala Start up Mission is an entrepreneurship development programme that
creates environment and infrastructure to support high-technologies.
192. Indian Railway’s first Waste to Energy Plant uses “PolyCrack”

Technology
The East Coast Railways commissioned the first waste-to-energy plant of Railways sector
of India. It is the fourth such plant in the country. The plant has been set up at a cost of
Rs 1.79 crores with Polycrack technology.
1. Highlights
The plant installed converts waste collected from the garbage disposal units into carbon
powder, diesel and gas using Polycrack Technology. The diesel oil is to be sold by the
Railways to other stake holders for commercial purposes. The gas and carbon powder
are to be used in brick manufacturing. The best thing of the plant is that it does not
leave any waste at the end.
2. Polycrack Technology
In Polycrack Technology, waste is processed and reformed in 24 hours. The only
drawback is that it requires larger area. The technology involves de-polmerization,
cracking, reforming, scrubbing, particle filtration and rapid quenching.
January 27, 2020
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193. Bharat Parv, a festival of culture being held at Red Fort
On January 26, 2020, Bharat Parv 2020 begun at Red Fort in New Delhi. The programe is
to continue till 1st February, 2020.
1. Highlights
The main objective of the programme is to increase patriotism among the citizens and
also to encourage them visit tourist places in the country. The programme is being
organized by Ministry of Tourism. The theme of the programme is
2. About Bharat Parv

Bharat Parv is recognized as National Festival. It includes diversified dances of the
country, food courts, handicrafts from all over the country. The festival also showcases
Republic Day Tableaux that participated in the parade.
194. India-Brazil ink 15 agreements during Brazil President’s visit on

Republic Day
The President of Brazil, Mr Jair Bolsonaro visited India to take part in Republic Day
celebrations. During his visit, the countries signed several agreements. Alongside, the
fifth session of India-Brazil Trade monitoring mechanism was also held. President
Bolsonaro was accompanied by a huge business delegation. They will hold several
meetings with their Indian counterparts during the India-Brazil Business Forum that is to
be held in 27, January, 2020.
1. Highlights
The countries signed agreements on trade, cyber security, information technology. The
countries have set target to increase bilateral trade to 15 billion USD by 2022.
2. Outcomes
Animal Husbandry is the new area over which the countries have identified potential
cooperation. This is mainly due to the common genetic heritage between the countries.
3. Concerns
The countries agreed to address the issue of sugarcane bilaterally. The issue was raised
by Brazil at WTO complaining India is extending support to local sugarcane growers.
According to WTO, Most Favoured Nation status should be awarded by the members to
every other member. This will exclude special tariff and also exclude restriction on
imports and exports helping to increase trade globally.
195. Padma Awards announced on Republic Day
On January 26, 2020, Government of India announced 141 Padma Awards on the
occasion of 71st Republic Day celebrations.
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1. Highlights
Former Union Ministers George Fernandes, Arun Jaitley and Sushma Swaraj are to be
awarded with Padma Vibhushan posthumously. Former PM of Mauritius Anerood
Jugnauth, Boxer MC Mary Kom, Hindustani classical vocalist Chhannulal Mishra are also
to be awarded with the prestigious award.
2. Padma Awards
The awards are one of the highest civilian honours of India. The awards are presented in
three categories namely Padma Vibhushan, Padma Shri and Padma Bhushan. The
awards are conferred based on the recommendations made by the Padma Awards
Committee. The committee is constituted by the Prime Minister every year. However, the
nomination process is open to the public as well. Even self-nominations are allowed.
196. DRDO displays A-SAT weapon system at Republic Day Parade
On January 26, 2020, the Defence Research Development Organization (DRDO)

displayed the A-SAT weapon system. A-SAT is the Anti-Satellite Weapon System. India is
one of the few countries in the world to own the technology. The other countries include
US, China and Russia.
1. Highlights
DRDO launched “Mission Shakti”, the first A-SAT mission. The mission demonstrated
anti-satellite technology. The mission destroyed a live orbiting satellite at the Low Earth
Orbit. The mission used a missile at a speed of 11 km per second to destroy the satellite.
2. International Treaty
India is a signatory of the international treaty on space, the 1967 Outer Space Treaty.
According to the treaty, mass destruction of weapons in outer space are alone
prohibited.
197. Shiv Bhojan Tali Scheme launched in Maharashtra
At the 71st celebrations of Republic Day, Maharashtra Govenrment launched the Shiv
Bhojan Scheme. The scheme will offer meals at Rs 10 to the poor.
1. Highlights
On the eve of Republic Day, at least one Shiv Bhojan canteen was started at the district
head quarters all over the state. The scheme aims at providing meals to the poor at
designated centres during stipulated time.
2. About the Centre

Also, the centres of the scheme are to opened at places where the below poverty line
citizens live. Also, it is to be opened in areas like district hospitals, markets, railway
stations. Initially the Government has planned to set up 50 such centres. The numbers
are to be increased based on the feedback.
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198. Kobe Bryant, a retired NBA star dies in Helicopter Crash
The NBA (National Basketball Association) star Kobe Bryant died in a helicopter crash. He
retired from the game in 2016. He has won two gold medals in Olympics, one in 2008
and the other in 2012. The star had won 5 championships so far.
1. Kobe Bryant
Bryant was the first guard in the American history to play 20 seasons. He was also a five-
time champion. He won the championship in 2000, 2001, 2002, 2009 and 2010.
2. National BasketBall Association

The NBA is a basketball league located in North Amercia. It is composed of 30 teams. It
was founded in New York City in 1946. NBA is one of the four major sports league USA.
The other 3 major sports league include Major League Baseball, National Football League
and National Hockey League.
3. NBA in India
NBA launched the first basket ball school in 2017. The school was launched at Mumbai.
The school trains both male and female basket ball players between the age of 6 and 18.
199. Global Potato Conclave to be held in Gujarat
The Global Potato Conclave is to be held between January 28 and January 31, 2020. PM
Modi is to attend the conclave. PM Modi is to address the conclave.
1. Highlights
The conclave will hold live demonstrations of potato varieties, farm equipment,
management practices. The conclave will include researchers from more than 30
countries and is to be conducted under 10 themes. It will cover next generation breeding
practices, efficient management practices of potato cultivation, management strategies
of potato diseases and pests. The themes of the conclave are as follows
2. Significance
After rice and wheat, potato is the third most important food crop in the world. The
growth of potato has increased by 40% between 1961 and 2016. However, the area
under potato production has decreased from 22.14 million hectares to 19.24 million
hectares.
200. Andhra Pradesh Cabinet nods to abolish Legislative Council
On January 27, 2020, the Andhra Pradesh cabinet cleared to abolish Legislative Council.
It is to be noted that the Legislative Council stalled two bills that were passed by the
assembly. It includes AP Capital Region Development Authority Repeal Bill and
Decentralization bill.
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1. State Legislative Council
Andhra Pradesh is one of the few states to have bicameral legislature. The states with
legislative council includes Bihar, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh and Telangana.
2. Constitutional Provisions
Article 169 of the constitution defines Legislative Council. As of November 2019, there
are 6 states with State Legislative Council. The members of the State Legislative Council
are selected in the following way
201. GoI signs “Historic Accord”, Bodo Agreement
On January 27, 2020, the Government of India signed the historic agreement with the
nine factions of the National Democratic Front of Bodoland (NDFB). According to the
agreement, the Bodoland Territorial Area District will hold special rights for the locals.
However, the outsiders will have to obtain “permit” to work in the territory.
1. Highlights
The agreement will provide political rights to the Bodo Tribals living in Assam. The
agreement was signed in the presence of Home Minister Amit Shah and Assam Chief
Minister Sarbanand Sonowal and the leaders of the NDFB.
2. Bodo Accord- Bodoland Territorial Area District

The accord signed is the third agreement signed in 27 years. The first was signed with
All Bodo Students Union in 1993 and the second was signed with the Bodo Liberation
Tigers in 2003. The third agreement led to the formation of Bodoland Territorial Council
under the sixth Schedule of the Constitution. The BTC now administrates 4 districts in
Assam namely Chirang, Kokrajhar, Baska and Udalguri. These areas are called the
Bodoland Territorial Area Districts.
202. January 27: International Holocaust Remembrance Day
The United Nations Department of Global Communications marked the International Day
of Commemoration in Memory of Victims of Holocaust on January 27. This year, 2020
marks 75th anniversary of the day.
1. Highlights
The International Day marks the ending of world war II. It also marks the establishment
of United Nations formed in response to the crimes of Holocaust and Second World War.
This year, the theme of the day is as follows
2. The Holocaust
The holocaust was the genocide of the European Jews between 1941 and 1945. Two-
thirds of European population were Jews. Around two-thirds of the European population
were Jewish and Nazis under the leadership of Hitler murdered around 6 million.
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203. GoI new Target: Indian Railways to run 100% on electricity by 2024
On January 27, 2020, the Union Minister Piyush Goyal announced that Indian Railways
will run 100% on electricity by 2024. In such case, Indian Railways will be the first
Railways to run 100% on electricity. Also, the Indian Railways has planned to make the
network zero-emission network by 2030.
1. Electrification Project
Previously in 2019, the target to run 100% electrified Railways was set to be achieved by
2023. So far, till 2017-18, 4,087 km route had already been electrified. Upon success,
the fuel bill will reduce by Rs 13,510 crores.
2. Current Scenario
Today Indian trains run on diesel or electricity. Around two-third of the freight movement
in India is through Indian Railways. At present, Electric traction accounts to 57.91% of
energy expenses of Indian Railways (as per November 2019)
3. Need
According to NITI Aayog, the carbon emission from the Indian Railways is around 6.84
million tonnes (2014).
January 28, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
204. Corona virus: WHO increases global risk from moderate to high
On 27 January, 2020, the World Health Organization arrived in China to discuss the ways
the Corona Virus is spreading. The death toll due to the virus has reached 106 and
around 4,000 people have been infected so far.
1. Highlights
The WHO had earlier reported that the spread of the virus is moderate. However, it has
now changed its status of risk of the virus as “high”.
2. Spread of the Virus

The virus has spread to France, China, Canada, US, Japan, Thailand, Sri Lanka. In India,
an Indian medical student (Rajasthan) who recently travelled from China has been
quarantined.
3. Effects of the virus

Several countries like US, Canada, India, France have warned against travel to China.
The Global stocks have fell down and Chinese Yuan has dipped to its weakest level in
2020. The oil prices have hit a three-month low as China is making moves to keep its
citizens at home. China has extended its Lunar New Year holiday to restrict people
mobility in the country.
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4. Chinese New Year
The Chinese follow a lunisolar calendar. The first day of the Chinese New Year always
begins as a New Moon Day. The Lunisolar calendar divides a year into 24 solar terms.
205. India’s first underwater Metro: To begin in March 2022 in Kolkata
The first underwater Metro is being constructed in Hooghly river. The project is awaiting
clearance of 2.8 million USD from the Indian Railways.
1. Highlights
The Hooghly Metro is one of the oldest Metro in the country. It was started in 1984. The
new under water tunnel will carry 20% of city’s population and will cross the river in less
than a minute. Currently it takes 20 minutes in the ferry to cross the river and an hour to
cross the Howrah bridge.
2. Infrastructure and Environment

While the infrastructural developments are increasing exponentially, it is important to
check their effects on environment. According to World Wide Funds, by 2050 the Earth
will hold 75% more infrastructure than that it does today. Therefore, it is essential to
study their Environmental impacts and take necessary alternate actions to protect the
environment.
3. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

According to United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP), EIA is the evaluation of
environmental impacts and also cultural, human-health and socio-economic impacts of a
proposed project.
4. EIA in India
EIA in India began in 1976. However, it was an administrative decision till 1994. In 1994
Environmental (Protection) act, 1986 was amended to provide legislative support to EIA
process
206. Bengal becomes the fourth state to pass resolution against CAA
The Citizenship (Amendment) Act was legislated by the Parliament during this winter
session. However, several states are agitating over the non-inclusion of Muslims in the
law. Kerala was the first state to pass a resolution against the act. Recently, the state of
West Bengal has passed similar resolution.
1. Highlights
After Kerala, Punjab and Rajasthan, West Bengal passed a resolution against CAA.
According to West Bengal, the act does not stick to secularism. Also, the state claims
that NPR, CAA and NRC are co-related.
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2. NPR
NPR is National Population Register that holds the names of the residents of India. The
register is prepared and updated based on the Citizenship Act 1955 and Citizenship
(Registration of Citizens and Issue of National Identity Card) rules, 2003. The NPR was
updated in 2010 and the details were collected along with the Census of India, 2011.
3. Legislation
Section 14A of the Citizenship Act says that the Central Government has to register
every citizen compulsorily and issue an identity card to him. Also, the Government shall
maintain a register of Indian Citizens. In order to achieve this, it shall establish a National
Registration Authority.
207. US: 25,000 Child porn cases in 5 months in India; Rajya Sabha panel
report on child porn
On January 28, 2020, a non-profit organization in the US called the National Centre for
Missing and Exploited Children (NCMEC) said that over 25,000 cases of child
pornography have been uploaded in 5 months in India. The data has been shared by the
organization with the National Crime Records Bureau.
1. Highlights
The Home Ministry has signed an agreement with the NCMEC in 2019 to obtain data on
Child pornography being uploaded in India. According to Ministry of Home Affairs, Delhi
tops the list when it comes to Child sexual Abuse material followed by Maharashtra,
Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal.
2. POCSO Act
In June 2019, the Indian Government widened the definition of Child pornography under
POCSO (Prevention of Children from Sexual Offences) act. It now covers visual depiction,
video, photograph, digital or computer-generated image that appears to depict a child.
3. Rajya Sabha Panel

An Ad-hoc committee was constituted by the Chairman of Rajya Sabha Shri M Venkaiah
Naidu. The committee has submitted its report on January 26, 2020. The committee has
made 40 recommendations to prevent sexual abuse of children.
208. January 28: Lala Lajpat Rai Birth Anniversary Celebrated
On January 28, 2020, the India celebrated the legend Lala Lajpat Rai’s 155th birth
anniversary. He is one of the most celebrated freedom fighters in the country. His
patriotism earned him titles such as “Punjab Kesari” and “Lion of Punjab”.
1. Lala Lajpat Rai

He was born on 28 January, 1865 in Punjab. His father was a Government School
teacher.
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2. Lal Bal Pal
He was one of the triumvirates of the Lal Bal Pal. It includes Lala Lajpat Rai of Punjab, Bal
Gangadhar Tilak of Maharashtra and Bipin Chandra Pal of Bengal. The three leaders
changed the political discoursed of the Indian Movement. They mobilized Indians across
the countries and strengthened Swadeshi Movement. They also were active participants
in involving Indians against Bengal Partition.
3. Movements
He was an active participant of Hindu Reform Movements, Indian Independence
Movements, Indian Nationalist Movements. Young men Bhagat Singh and Chandrasekhar
Azad were greatly influenced by Rai. He was also a major participant of the protests
against Simon commission.
4. Institutions
He founded several institutions and organizations such as Hisar Bar Council, Hisar Arya
Samaj, Hisar Congress, National DAV Managing Committee.
209. Resolution against CAA in European Parliament; India’s Measures
On January 29, 2020, the European Parliament is set to discuss the Citizenship
(Amendment) Act (CAA).
1. Highlights
Though the resolution made by the parliament do not affect the decision of the European
Council or commission, it might impinge the bilateral relations between India and
European Union. PM Modi is to visit Brussels in March 2020 to attend India-EU summit
and the External Affairs Minister is scheduled to visit in mid-February.
2. Six Resolutions
Around six resolutions are to be taken up for discussion in the EU Parliament. It includes
3. India’s Measures
The Lok Sabha Speaker has written to the European Parliament requesting the EU
parliament to respect sovereign processes of fellow legislatures.
4. Supreme Court on CAA

The Supreme Court on January 22, 2020 pronounced its decision on CAA without hearing
the case. The apex court has given 4 weeks for the centre to respond to the petitions
that challenged CAA.
5. India-EU relations
The European Union is India’s largest trading partner. The European Union account to 92
billion Euros (2018-19) of trade. It accounts to 18% of Indian Exports
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210. Britain releases new 50 pence coin marking BREXIT
The British Government has unveiled a new 50 pence coin commemorating Brexit. The
coin has the inscription “Peace, Prosperity and Friendship with all nations”. Around 3
million coins are to be distributed from post offices, banks and shops from January 31,
2020.
1. India and Brexit

More than 800 Indian companies have invested in UK. Some of them have made their
investments aiming at the wider European market. UK is the third largest FDI contributor
in India. Also, India is the largest G20 investor of the United Kingdom. The key sectors
attracting investment in the UK are agritech, health care, drinks and food.
2. Britain and Brexit

According to the International Monetary Fund, Brexit will reduce the size of the Britain
Economy by 5%. The impact will reduce its economic activities by 3.8% to 7.5% by 2030.
211. Passport Renewal Reminder Services begun by Passport Seva

Kendras
On January 28, 2020, the Ministry of External Affairs launched the Passport renewal
reminder services. The Passport Seva Kendras operating under the Ministry of External
Affairs will send SMS about the renewal
1. Highlights
The ministry is to send two Reminder messages, one before 9 months and another
before 7 months. Along with the reminder message, the passport holders will also be
informed about the authenticate website of the Ministry which is
www.passportindia.gov.in.
2. Indian Passport
The Indian Passport is issued by the Ministry of External Affairs. The passport serves as a
proof of Indian Citizenship under Passports Act, 1967. Around 65 million Indians hold
passports as of the end of 2015. In 2015, India issued around 12 million new passports.
This number has so far been exceeded only by US and China.
3. Types of Passports
There are three types of passports as follows
212. Report Card on Smart Cities to be released by June 2020
The Government of India will release a report card on 100 selected smart cities by June
2020. The cities are to be assessed based on public performance index, ease of living
and climate in June. The initiative is being undertaken as the Smart City Project
completes 5 years in June.
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1. Highlights
The cities are also to be assessed based on education, economic ability, safety, housing,
development, mobility and health. Of these factors, 35% of weightage is to be given to
quality of life, 20% to sustainability, 20% to economic viability and 30% to citizen
participation.
2. Smart City Mission

Smart City Mission is being implemented by the Ministry of Urban Development. The
mission aims at developing 100 smart cities in the country. Till January 2018, 99 cities
were selected to be upgraded under the mission. Except West Bengal, all the states
have selected at least one city under the mission. The mission was launched by PM Modi
in 2015.
213. MGNREGA scheme faces funds shortage
The MGNREGA (Mahatma Gandhi Rural Employment Guarantee Employment Act)

scheme released its financial statement recently. According to the statement, almost
96% of the money has already been spent. Only 2,500 crores of rupees is left to sustain
the scheme for the next two months.
1. Highlights
According to the financial statement of the scheme, 15 states are in red meaning, there
is fund depletion or fund unavailability. Among all the states, Rajasthan has the highest
negative net balance of Rs 620 crores. Following Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh had a
negative net balance of Rs 323 crores. The budget allocated to the scheme was Rs
60,000 crores and is less as compared to the previous years.
2. Current Scenario
The pending dues in the state of Rajasthan is alone Rs 1,950 crores. Under the scheme,
75% of the wages should be paid within 15 days of time period. However, there is delay
in the payment currently due to lack of funds. This will create lack of confidence among
the citizens over the scheme.
January 29, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
214. Supreme Court: African Cheetah permitted to be introduced in India
On January 28, 2020, Supreme Court ruled that African Cheetah shall be permitted to be
introduced in India. The cat is being introduced on experimental basis.
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1. Highlights
The Apex Court had put the move on hold 10 years back. It was proposed by the then
Environment Minister Jairam Ramesh. The proposal was to introduce foreign Cheetahs
into the Palpur Kuno sanctuary in Madhya Pradesh. However, the Apex Court stalled the
proposal fearing the Cheetahs might become into conflict with the project of
reintroduction of lions in the sanctuary.
2. Need
Cheetah is the only mammal being hunted to extinction in India. The last Cheetah was
sighted in 1952.
3. IUCN Red List

Cheetahs are classified as “Critically Endangered” under the IUCN Red List.
4. Why are the Cheetahs reintroduced in India?

With the Cheetahs extinct in India, the environmentalists suggest that it is essential to
reintroduce them in order to maintain balance in the ecosystem.
215. 10 more Wet lands declared Ramsar Sites: Maharashtra gets its
first Ramsar site
On January 28, 2020, the Union Ministry declared that Ramsar Convention had added 10
more sites from India. Today, there are 37 Ramsar sites in the country.
1. Highlights
Among the 10 sites, Maharashtra (Nadur Madhameshwar) gets its first Ramsar site. The
other wetlands sites include one in Uttar Pradesh and 3 in Punjab (Beas Conservation
Reserve, Keshoupur-Miani and Nangal).
2. Wetland Restoration
In the past 6 months, the ministry of Environment prepared four pronged strategies for
restoration of wetlands. It includes wetland health cards, preparing a baseline data,
preparing targeted Integrated Management and enlisting wetland mitras.
3. Significance
It is important to conserve wetlands for water, food, groundwater recharge, fibre, water
purification, erosion control, flood moderation and climate regulation. Wetlands are the
major source of fresh water. They help to soak rain water and recharge ground water.
216. Bhuvan Panchayat 3.0 launched by ISRO
On January 29, 2020, ISRO (Indian Space Research Organization) launched Bhuvan
Panchayat version 3.0.
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1. Highlights
Under the project, the ISRO will collaborate with Gram panchayat members to
understand their data requirements. The portal will function with the help of satellite
technology of ISRO. The project will run for two years. The portal aims at helping village
development planning process under the Ministry of Panchayati Raj.
2. What is Bhuvan Project?

Bhuvan is a satellite application that is powered by ISRO. It allows users to explore 2D
and 3D representation of the earth.
3. Other Initiatives of ISRO

Along with Department of Land Resources ISRO has developed Srishti to monitor
Integrated Watershed Management Programme. ISRO is also setting up Telangana Water
Resources Information System (TWRIS) on the Bhuvan Web Portal.
4. Other Bhuvan Initiatives

Bhuvan-GAIL monitors pipelines using space technology to address pipeline safety
concerns. The MGNREGA of every Gram Panchayat are to be geo-tagged with the help of
BHUVAN portal.
217. Composite Regional Centre launched in Port Blair
The Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment launched the Composite Regional
Centre (CRC) for skill development, empowerment of persons and rehabilitation in Port
Blair. The Composite Regional Centres in India are located in Kozhikode, Bhopal,
Lucknow, Patna, Guwahati, Srinagar, Ahmedabad, Mandi and Suraghi (Chhattisgarh).
1. Highlights
The CRCs are centres set under Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment in order to
create infrastructure and resources for persons with disabilities. These centres focus at
locals rather than urban areas.
2. Beneficiaries
The GoI targets only a part of the population through these centres. It includes persons
with low-vision, mental retardation, blindness, locomotor disability, hearing impairment,
mental illness, cerebral palsy, leprosy, multiply persons and Autism Spectrum Disorder.
3. Aim
The Central Government aims to reach the unreached disabled population through these
centres. The CRCs help in fastening the process of establishing rehabilitation services.
The centres aim at training of rehabilitation professionals and capacity building at
centre, district and state levels.
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218. “Operation Vanilla” launched by Indian Navy for Disaster Relief at
Madagascar
On January 29, 2020, the Indian Navy launched Operation Vanilla in the Southern Indian
Ocean. The operation was launched based on the request received from Madagascar.
1. Highlights
The Operation has been launched to assist the population of Madagascar that were
affected by Cyclone Diane. The Indian Navy ship Airavat has been deployed in the relief
mission. The operation will provide succor to the flood affected population. The ship will
also set up a medical camp and offer water, food and other essential relief materials.
2. Madagascar
Madagascar is an island country in the Indian Ocean. It is the fourth largest island in the
world. India has been trying to include Madagascar and Comoros in its Indian Ocean
Vision for their strategic location. On the other hand, Seychelles and Mauritius are part
of Indian Ocean Region division.
219. National Commission for Homeopathy bill, 2019 approved by

Cabinet
On January 29, 2020, the Union Cabinet approved National Commission for homeopathy
bill, 2019.
1. Highlights
The bill is being introduced for the following amendments
2. Current Legislation
The Homeopathy Central Council act, 1973 is currently governing the Homeopathy
education and practices in the country. The act has been extracted based on the Indian
Medical Council Act, 1956.
3. Homeopathy Central Council

The functions, regulation and powers of the council is very similar to that of the Indian
Medical Council of India. The amendments are being introduced as there has been
serious detrimental effects in medical education and delivery of Homeopathy health care
services in the country.
220. Cabinet: National Commission for Indian System of Medicine Bill,

2019 approved
The Union Cabinet on January 29, 2020 approved the official amendments to National
Commission for Indian System of Medicine bill, 2019. The bill is currently pending in
Rajya Sabha
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1. Highlights
The amendments will introduce necessary regulatory reforms in the Indian System of
Medicine Education. It will also enhance transparency and accountability towards the
public. It will promote affordable health care services in all parts of the country.
2. National Commission for Indian system of Medicine (NCIM)

The main objective of establishing NCIM is to ensure adequate supply of skilled medical
professionals and also increase ethical standards of medical standards of Indian System
of Medicine.
3. NCIM bill, 2017

The bill facilitates maintenance of register of Indian systems of medicine. It also
encourages interface between different medicinal systems. The bill provides periodic
assessments of medicinal institutions. An advisory council for the system shall be
constituted.
221. The Medical Termination of Pregnancy (Amendment) Bill, 2020

approved by Cabinet
On January 29, 2020, the Union Cabinet approved Medical Termination of Pregnancy
(Amendment) Bill, 2020. The bill aims to amend the Medical Termination of Pregnancy
act, 1971. The bill is to be introduced in the coming session of Parliament
1. Highlights
According to the proposal, termination of pregnancy is to be extended to 24 weeks. It
was 20 weeks earlier. The extension is only for special category of women. It includes
rape victims, survivors of rape and other vulnerable women like differently-abled
women.
2. Significance
The bill is a step towards increasing access of women to safe abortion services. The
months have been increased considering the advancements in medical technology. The
amendments were proposed by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.
3. First Legalization of Abortion

In India the Shah Committee was appointed to review the socio-cultural and medical
aspects of abortion. It was this committee that recommended legalization of abortion for
the first time.
222. Cure for Corona Virus: AYUSH recommends Unani Medicines
The World Health Organization recently increased the spreading risk of Corona Virus
from medium to high. With the virus spreading to different parts of the world like Japan,
US, UK, Sri Lanka, Germany, India has found its cure!
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1. Highlights
A Siddha Doctor from Tamil Nadu has claimed to have formulated a herbal medicine to
cure Corona Virus.
2. Genome Sequencing
The Chinese researchers have found out from the genome sequences of the new Virus
that the virus belongs to Corona Virus family. The sequencing also says that the virus
has similarities with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) corona virus.
3. SARS
The SARS outbreak happened in 2002 and 2003. The virus took the lives of around 774
people all over the world. SARS also began spreading from China. However, since 2004
no SARS cases have been found.
223. “Madhavpur Mela” of North East reviewed; Cabinet approves 30%

NEC allocation to new projects
On January 29, 2020, the Union Minister of Development of NER (North Eastern Region),
reviewed the preparations of Madhavpur Mela in Gujarat. It is to be organized in
Porbandar (the birth place of Gandhiji).
1. Highlights
All the eight north eastern states are to participate in the Mela. It includes Assam,
Sikkim, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Tripura, Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland. The
Mela is to commence in April 2020.
2. Significance
The Mela will integrate the cultures of North-East regions and Gujarat under Ek Bharat
Shreshtha Bharat.
3. Developmental Aspects
Apart from cultural importance, the mela will also focus on the developmental aspects of
the north eastern states. The Mela will focus on setting up of Bamboo Industrial Park in
Assam, establishment of North East Convention Centre at Dwarka and introduction of
sea plane.
4. Cabinet Approval
The cabinet has approved that 30% of the North East Council funds are to be allocated
to new projects. These projects have been given least importance so far. With increased
fund allocation they will be able to reach in pace with the older projects and help in
faster development
January 30, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
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224. NITI Aayog’s Aspirational District Ranking released: Chandauli of
UP tops
On January 29, 2020, the NITI Aayog released the ranking of Aspirational Districts of the
country for the month of December 2019. The ranking is released every month.
1. Highlights
The Chandauli district of UP topped the list followed by Bolangir of Odisha, YSR (AP) in
second and third positions respectively. Sahibanj of Jhatkhand and Hailakandi of Assam
were placed in fourth and fifth places. The rankings were done for 112 aspirational
districts. The districts were selected from six developmental areas in December 2019.
2. Parameters
The areas evaluated during the ranking includes Health and Nutrition, agriculture,
education, skill development, financial inclusion, basic infrastructure and water
resources.
3. Aspirational Districts Programme

The Programme was launched in January 2018. The main objective of the programme is
to transform the districts that have been pockets of under-development. These cities
show relatively lesser progress. Also, the ranking helps in competitive Federalism and
hence hastens overall development.
225. World Sustainable Development Summit organized by TERI first

time in New Delhi
The World Sustainable Summit is an annual event organized by The Energy and
Resources Institute (TERI). It is being organized since 2001. The event has become a
premier international event focusing on developing actions.
1. Highlights
The event is to be held between January 29, 2020 and January 31, 2020. This year, the
event is being held at New Delhi. The theme of the event is
2. About the 2020 Summit

The Summit includes Sustainable Action Dialogues, Regional dialogues, corporate
conclaves, IFAT Delhi 2020 (Exhibition of Clean Technologies), Youth Volunteer
Programmes
3. Sustainable Development
The concept of Sustainable Development has its roots in sustainable forest management
during 17th and 18th century. The Global Movement for Sustainable Development began
in 2005. It launched the UN decade of Education for Sustainable Development. This was
the turning point for the world to begins its journey towards sustainable development.
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226. War Memorial built by Assam Rifles in Nagaland
The Assam Rifles has constructed war memorial for 357 personnel who sacrificed their
lives fighting against insurgency in the North Eastern State. The Memorial is first of its
kind in the state. It has been constructed at Mokokchung in Assam.
1. Highlights
The War Memorial has been designed in concentric circular form. It has three converging
posts signifying all the three forces Army, Assam Rifles and Air Force.
2. Assam Rifles
It is the oldest paramilitary force in india. It was called the “Cachar Levy”. The four
forces namely Assam Frontier Police, Eastern Bengal Military Force, Assam Military Police
and the Assam Military Force were joined to form the Assam Rifles in 1917. The
predecessor forces of Assam Rifles have served in World War I, Middle East and Europe.
Assam Rifles participated in World War II.
3. Veer Samriti
Veer Samriti is the second world war cemetery located in Kohima.
227. Surajkund Mela-International Crafts Fair organized by Haryana with

HP as theme state
On February 1, 2020, President Ram Nath Kovind will inaugurate the 34th Surajkund
International Crafts Fair. The fair is being organized by the Haryana Government in
Faridabad. Around 20 countries and the states of India are participating in the fair.
1. Highlights
The partner country of the fair is Uzbekistan. The theme state of the fair is Himachal
Pradesh. This year the state of Himachal Pradesh will showcase its handicrafts, heritage
and tourism potential. The Tourism Department has constructed replica of Ram Bag
Gate and Bhimakali temple. The state will also perform its traditional dances and music.
2. Significance
The fair will help to promote tourism. It will also aid the state of Himachal Pradesh to
display its huge adventure potential focusing mainly on water sports. The fair was
upgraded to international level in 2013 and since 2015, around 20 countries are being
invited.
228. UN Development Programme: Telangana tops sustainable growth

goals performer list
According to the United National Development Programme (UNDP), Telangana has

emerged the best performing states in terms of achieving Sustainable Development
Goals (SDG).
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1. Highlights
Telangana topped the UNDP ranking of Indian states based on their progress in
achieving SDGs. The state of Telangana scored 82. It was followed by states of Andhra
Pradesh and Karnataka together with a score of 72. However, Kerala followed by
Himachal Pradesh lead the list.
2. Telangana
The state has improved in 8 out of 17 SDGs. It has moved from score of 75 to 82. It out
performed in clean water, energy, sanitation. The state was also ranked number one in
terms of Reduced Inequality. It was ranked third in Affordable and Clean Energy and
fourth in climate action.
3. Performance of Telangana
In terms of economic growth, the state has jumped from 75% to 82%. In terms of clean
water and sanitation, the state has improved from 55% to 84%. In terms of sustainable
cities and communities the state has improved from 44% to 62%.
229. January 30: World Neglected Tropical Diseases Day
Every year January 30 is to be marked as World Neglected Tropical Diseases day. The
day creates awareness in addressing the tropical diseases. This is the first time World
NTD Day that is being marked.
1. Neglected Tropical Diseases

The Neglected Tropical Diseases are caused by pathogens such as bacteria, helminths,
viruses and protozoa. They are common in low-income countries of Asia, Africa and
America.
2. Significance
WHO estimates that more than a billion population spread across 149 countries are
affected from Neglected Tropical Diseases. The common NTD of India is Lymphatic
filariasis.
230. Transparency International: Assam tops in budget formulation
According to the survey conducted by Transparency International, Assam tops in terms

of budget formulation followed by Odisha and Andhra Pradesh. The states that were
ranked lower in terms of budget formulation are Goa, Maharashtra and Punjab.
1. Highlights
The survey was conducted by the organization based on four parameters such as
budgetary process, public disclosure, post budget fiscal management and efforts to
make budget citizen friendly.
131
2. Transparency International
The international Non-Governmental Organization measures and prevents criminal
activities arising due to corruption. It releases Global Corruption Index annually. The
organization is also a member of UNESCO, United National Global Compact, UNESCO
Consultative Status, United Nations Sustainable Development Group.
3. Other Key products of Transparency International

The Organization also provides Global Corruption Barometer that asks citizens about
their personal experiences of corruption in their daily lives. Apart form this the
organization also publishes Government Anti-Corruption Index.
231. SAMPRITI-IX: India-Bangladesh Joint Military Exercise to be held in

Meghalaya
A Joint Military Exercise between India and Bangladesh is to be held at Umroi, Meghalaya
between 3rd February, 2020 and 16th February, 2020. The exercise is called “SAMPRITI”
1. Highlights
During the joint exercise, Command Post Exercise and Field Training Exercise is to be
conducted according to United Nations Charter. The troops of both the armies will also
practice Counter Terrorist operation.
2. India-Bangladesh Defence Cooperation

In 2017, India and Bangladesh signed defence agreements in order to conduct military
exercises. India since then has been assisting Bangladesh in training their officers.
3. Other Exercises
The first ever India-Bangladesh Naval exercise was conducted in Vishakhaptnam in
October 2019. The Bangladesh Naval Ships also participated in CORPAT before arriving
to Vizag for the joint Naval Exercise.
232. Indian Railways to roll out Automatic Identification and Data

Collection
The Indian Railways is to implement plans for RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification). The
railways is to tag around 3,50,000 rolling stocks by 2021.
1. Highlights
Under the programme, around 3,500 coaches have been fitted with RFID so far. This will
help the Indian Railways in early identification of rolling stock. A rolling stock includes
carriages, locomotives, wagons and other vehicles used in Railways.
2. RFID
RFID is a technology that exchanges data trough Radio Frequency. The tag is used to
track individual objects. The RFID tags are designed by Centre for Railway Information
Systems.
132
3. CRIS
The CRIS develops and maintains information systems of Indian Railways. CRIS is located
in Chanakyapuri, New Delhi. It was established in 1986.
4. Need
Indian Railways is the largest railway system in the world. It carries around 3 million
tonnes of freight and 23 million passengers in over 65,000 kilometres route. Therefore, it
is essential to trace rolling stocks and track them accurately.
233. Indian National Commission for Cooperation with UNESCO held in

New Delhi
On January 30, 2020, the Indian Commission for Cooperation with UNESCO (INCCU) was
chaired by the Union Human Resource Development Minister Shri Ramesh Pokhriyal
“Nishank”. UNESCO is United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization.
Along with the UNESCO commission, the event was also attended by the sub
commissions namely Social Sciences, Culture, Education, Natural Sciences and Culture.
1. Highlights
After the reconstitution of the commission, it has met for the first time. The sub
commissions will aid in achieving the objectives of UNESCO in India. This will help in
strengthening India’s image globally. The meeting also stressed on achieving 2030
Sustainable Development Goals.
2. India and UNESCO

India is a founding member of UNESCO. The UNESCO office in India is a cluster office for
11 countries. They are Bhutan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Maldives,
Afghanistan, Iran, Myanmar, India and Mongolia.
January 31, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
234. WHO: International Health Emergency declared over Corona Virus
On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization declared International Health
Emergency over Corona Virus.
1. Highlights
The organization has declared emergency as the disease has spread to 18 other
countries apart from China where it originated. Also, the disease is spreading through
human-to-human contact.
133
2. What is PHEIC?
PHEIC is Public Health Emergencies of International Concern. According to IHR
(International Health Regulations, 2005) of WHO, PHEIC is defined as an extraordinary
event that fulfils the following
3. India’s scenario
India so far has reported its first case of novel corona virus in Kerala. India has also
requested permission from China to bring back Indian nationals through 2 flights.
235. World Games Athlete of the Year, 2019-Title won by Rani Rampal
The Indian Women Hockey Team player Rani Rampal has won the “World Game Athlete
of the Year, 2019” title. She is the first hockey player in the world to receive the title.
1. Athlete of the Year

The title is awarded to the winner selected through a voting process. The award is
presented to an awardee who is outstanding in terms of social concern, performance and
good behavior.
2. About Rani Rampal

Rani Rampal is called the “Queen of Indian Hockey”. She joined the Indian Hockey
National Team at the age of 15. She is the current captain of the team. In 2020, Rani
Rampal was awarded with Padmashri, one of India’s most prestigious awards.
3. Other nominated players

Around 20 players all over the world were nominated for the voting process. Among
them, Stanislav Horuna, a Ukranian Karate player secured second rank followed by the
Canadian Athlete Rhea Stinn who finished third power lifting.
236. CII celebrates 125 years; Tamil Nadu CM launches new scheme at
the event
The Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) is celebrating its 125th birth anniversary in the
year 2020. In order to commemorate its anniversary, the organization has been hosting
several events in different parts of India under the theme
1. History
The CII is India’s premier business association that works to sustain an environment that
is conducive towards the economic growth of the country.
2. Tamil Nadu Scheme

The Tamil Nadu Chief Minister on 30th January 2020, announced “Direct CTO (Consent
To Operate) Scheme for Green Industries” to mark the 125th birth anniversary of CII. The
scheme also helps to improve Ease of Doing Business.
3. Pillars of CII
The CII works on the four pillars as follows
134
237. Google: Tangi Application; AI Model for Killer Whales; 1 million USD
Grant
On January 31, 2020, Google announced I million USD grant to promote news literacy
among Indians. Also, the organization has launched a new application called “Tangi”.
1. Highlights: Grant
The Google News Initiative has announced to contribute 1 million USD grant to improve
news literacy of Indians. The grant is to be used to build a strong network against fake
news producers in the country. Around 300 workshops, boot camps and sessions are to
be organized to train journalists, academicians and fast-checkers on the authentication
of the published content on the internet. The training is to be provided in 7 Indian
languages
2. Highlights: Tangi Application

The Tangi Application of Google focuses on Do It Yourself videos. The name of the
application has been inspired from TeAch aNd GIve.
3. Highlights: AI Model
Google has used an AI model that listens to Killer Whales, identifies the origin of sound
and displays its location. The model has been installed in Canada. According to Centre
for Whale Research, only 73 Southern Resident Orcas (a sub species of Killer Whales) are
left in the world
238. TERI: India’s Steel Demand to increase carbon emissions by 600 MT
On January 31, 2020, at the World Sustainable Development Summit released its report
on India’s Steel Demand. According to the report, if the steel demand of the country
continues to grow, the carbon-dioxide emissions from the steel sector will reach 600
million tonnes by 2050.
1. Highlights
The TERI released its report titled, “Towards a Low Carbon Steel Sector: Overview of the
Changing Market, Technology and Policy Context for Indian Steel”. According to the
report, the current carbon-dioxide emissions from steel sector is 242 Million Tonnes. This
is 35% of total carbon dioxide emissions of the country. It is to quadruple in three to four
decades.
2. Suggestions made by the report

In order to manage the increase in steel demand emissions, India should start increasing
the use of domestic scrap and deploy energy efficiency measures. The report also
recommends establishing low carbon technologies. It also expects that the
decarbonization technologies that are in the demonstration stage will reach commercial
markers in next 20 years.
135
239. Economic Survey 2020 tabled in the Parliament by the Finance
Minister
The Economic Survey of the Fiscal Year 2020 has been tabled in both the houses of
Parliament. The survey highlights economic trends in the country, development over the
past 12 months and facilitates better mobilization of resources.
1. Highlights
 The Current Fiscal Growth is 5%
 The projected GDP growth for the year 2020-21 is 6% to 6.5%
 The industrial growth for the Fiscal Year 2020 (2019-20) has been 2.5%
 The Forex Reserves of the Fiscal Year 2019 (2018-19) was 461.2 billion USD
 The GST collection for the FY20 has grown by 4.1%
2. Theme and its significance

The theme for the Economic Survey 2020 is
2.1. Significance
The investments grew between 2008 and 2013. After 2013, the credit (money inflow
towards the economy or investments) has been slowing down. The year 2013 saw the
highest investments (between 2008-19) mainly due to corporate sector. The credit has
been declining mainly due to global scenario of economic slowdown. This decline of
investments is the major reason for the economic slow down after 2017. Therefore, it is
essential to CREATE WEALTH. In other words, to increase investments. This will aid in
long term economic growth according to the survey.
3. Infrastructure
The Survey says that in order to achieve 5 trillion USD by 2024-25, India has to spend
1.4 trillion USD. This has to be done to avoid the constraint of lack of infrastructural
growth in the path of India’s target.
4. Livestock
According to the survey, Livestock has become a major secondary source of income for
rural families. This has gained the sector a major role in achieving India’s goal of
doubling farmer’s income by 2022. The growth of Livestock has been 7.9% in the last
five years.
5. Green India
The Survey also says that the forest and tree cover has reached 80.73 million hectares.
This is 24.56% of total geographical area of the country. The states that have gained
forest cover are Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir. On the other hand, the
states showing decline in forest cover are Manipur, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh and
Mizoram.
6. Ayushman Bharat
The scheme proposed to set up one and a half Health and Wellness Centres (HWC) by
2022. So far 28,005 HWCs have been set up as on 14th January, 2020.
136
7. Out of Pocket Expenditure
The Out of Pocket Expenditure on Helath has declined from 64.2% in 2013-14 to 58.7%
in 2016-17.
8. Job Creation
The job creation of salaried employees or regular wage employees increased by 5% in
2017-18 as compared to 2011-12. The jobs increase was 18% in 2011-12 and increased
to 23% in 2017-18
9. Green Bond Market

India has become the second largest emerging Green Bond Market after China. India in
2019 joined the International Platform of Sustainable Finance to increase the
environmentally sustainable investments
10. Service Sector

The Service sector accounts to 55% of the Indian Economy according to the Survey. It
contributes two-third of the FDI inflows and 38% of Indian exports.
11. Other Inferences

 The Inflation declined from 3.2% in April 2019 to 2.6% in December 2019. This reflects
weakening of demand in the economy
 Women employment between 2011-12 and 2017-18 has increased by 8%
240. Amazon partnering with Eastern Railways sets up pick-up kiosk in

Kolkata after Mumbai
After Mumbai, the Amazon India private e-commerce firm has set up its second pick up
kiosk in Kolkata’s Sealdah Railway Station.
1. Highlights
The pick-up kiosk has been set up in partnership with the Eastern Railways. It is to be
noted that in 2019, the E-Commerce firm had set up pickup kiosk in four railway stations
of Mumbai. The pick up kiosk allows the customers to pick up packages at railway
stations.
2. Tie-up with Indian Railways

In October 2019, Amazon India tied up with the Indian Railways to transport customer
packages through Railways on the routes of Mumbai to New Delhi, New Delhi to Kolkata.
3. What are the benefits?

This tie up with the Amazon India, will help Indian Railways meet its freight and
passenger earning targets. This will help in its dwindling finances. The Freight earnings
of Indian Railways till November 2019 has been 4.32% less than the same period of
previous year and 19.72% lower than the target fixed. Similarly, the passenger earning
was 5.33% lesser than the same period of previous year.
137
241. ISRO preparing 500 low cost satellite launch vehicles in 5 years
The Indian Space Research Organization is preparing itself to launch vehicles of cost Rs
30-35 crores. These vehicles are capable of carrying satellites weighing 500 kg
1. Highlights
According to ISRO, it has equipped itself to manufacture these satellite vehicles in
around three weeks. ISRO has allocated 1,600 million USD to manufacture these satellite
vehicles. Of this allocated amount, 870 million USD is to be used to produce PSLV (Polar
Satellite Launch Vehicle). The remaining is to be used for Geosynchronous Satellite
Launch Vehicle.
2. Current Scenario
India is looking for opportunities to collaborate with UK and France Space agencies. The
UK Space Trade Mission visited India in the mid of January 2020 to explore areas of
cooperation.
242. Vidya Bal-Social Activist, Feminist passed away
The Veteran Feminist, Social Activist and writer passed away in private nursing home on
January 30, 2020. She was known for her heroic oppressive practices involving women.
She was a forefront fighter for women equality with men
1. Highlights
In 2016, she approached Mumbai High Court demanding enforcement of law to allow
women in all Hindu Religious places. Her Public Interest Litigation was against restriction
of women at Shani Shingnapur temple under Maharashtra Hindu Place of Worship Act,
1956. She won the case paving way for women’s right inside the temple.
2. About Vidya Bal

She worked as an editorial staff of monthly magazine Stree in 1964. Later she founded
Miloon Saryajani in 1989.
243. Indian Railways: First Banana Container Train to boost exports;

First High Capacity Parcel Van
With its firsts increasing, Indian Railways has recently launched a high capacity parcel
van at Delhi Safdarjung Railway Station.
1. Highlights: Parcel Van

The new parcel van was designed and manufactured in Kapurthala Rail Coach Factory. It
is the first of its kind in Linke Hofmann Busch (LHB) coaches. The LHB coaches are the
coaches of the Indian Railways that have been developed by the LHB company of
Germany. They are mostly produced in Kapurthala Coach Factory.
138
2. Highlights: Fruit Train
On January 30, 2020, Indian Railways launched the first “Fruit Train”. The train will
transit from Anantpur in Andhra Pradesh to Mumbai’s Jawaharlal Nehru Port. The train
dispatched the first shipment of 890 tonnes of banana in 43 refrigerated containers.
244. First indigenous bio-jet fuel powered IAF aircraft lands successfully
in Leh
The AN-32 aircraft of Indian Air Force powered with 10% blend of bio-jet fuel took off and
landed successfully in Leh airport.
1. Highlights
This is the first time, bot the engines of an aircraft are powered with bio-jet fuel. Leh is
located at an altitude of 10,682 feet above sea level and is one of the highest
operational air field. It challenging to fly an aircraft in the region due to wind turbulence
and proximity of mountainous terrain.
2. Fuel Technology
The technology of the fuel was produced by CSIR-IIP in 2013. However, it couldn’t be
used for commercial purposes due to lack of aviation test facilities. Indian Air force in
2018, sponsored the project and channelized material resources and human resources
to complete fuel testing.
139
GKTODAY
Current Affairs [PDF] - February 1-29, 2020
: ननन नन
न
1
Contents
February 1, 2020
1. Economic Survey: National Food Security Act Coverages should be reduced
2. Economic Survey suggests “Assemble In India Model” to create 80 million jobs
3. Corona Virus: India bans respiratory masks export as Indians evacuated from China
4. India-Africa Defence Ministers Conclave at DefExpo for first time
5. Fiscal Deficit of GoI touched 132% of full year target
6. Budget 2020-21 presented by Finance Minister: The Themes, GST Reforms
7. Budget 2020: 2.83 lakh Crore Rupees allocated to Agriculture and Rural Development
8. Budget 2020: Wellness, Water and Sanitation
9. Budget 2020: 99,300 crores and 3,000 crores allocated for Education and Skill Development
February 2, 2020
10. Budget 2020: Economic Development-Commerce, Industries and Infrastructure
11. Budget 2020: Caring Society: Women and Child, Social Welfare, Culture & Tourism, Env & Climate Change
12. Budget 2020: Governance
13. Budget 2020: Financial Sector
February 3, 2020
14. India-Maldives sign MoU to establish Addu Tourism
15. Matla Abhiyan: Coastal Security Exercise conducted by Indian Navy
16. Mohammed Allawi appointed the PM of Iraq amidst Tishreen Revolution in the country
17. National Emergency Declared in Pakistan to fight against Locusts in the border
18. Corona virus: G7 Health Ministerial meet, China’s New Hospital, Travel ban by 4 countries
19. Import duty on Green Energy Equipment hiked by 20% in Budget 2020-21
20. National Calamity Contingent Duty increased in Budget-Concerns of Tobacco institute
21. Portal Santusht launched: To implement policies of Labour Ministry at grass root level
22. SFURTI Scheme update given in the Parliament-Rs 2.3 crores budget allocated
23. APEDA signs MoU to set up a Liason Office in Guwahati, Assam
February 4, 2020
24. Minister of North East Development chairs Ujh (National) Multipurpose Project, Jammu Kashmir
25. February 4: World Cancer Day
26. Facts Box: World Wetlands Day
27. Australian Open: Novak Djokovic won the title for the eighth time
28. PMMVY awards: Madhya Pradesh wins; Manipur won among NE states
29. Supreme Court directs states to set up Gram Nyayalayas
30. India develops new Vaccine to control Swine Fever
31. New Natural Gas Reserves discovered in UAE
32. WHO report: Cancer Cases to increase by 81% in 2040
February 5, 2020
33. Western Railways begins branding of its locomotives to improves its non-freight revenue
34. Udyanotsav inaugurated by the President at Rashtrapati Bhavan
35. WHO on Corona Virus: Virus is not yet pandemic
36. East Asia Summit on Maritime Cooperation to be held in Chennai
37. India-South Korea hold meeting to enhance Bilateral Security Cooperation
38. National Productivity Council study: Fertilizer use reduced by 10% with the use of soil cards
39. DefExpo 2020: India’s target in Defence Sector is 5 billion USD in next 5 years
40. DefExpo 2020: Uttar Pradesh is to sign 23 MoUs and create 3 lakh job opportunities
41. Cabinet approves amendment to bring Cooperative Banks under RBI Regulation
42. India Russia sign first ever Term Contract to import crude oil to India
February 6, 2020
43. The Direct Tax Vivad Se Vishwas bill introduced in Lok Sabha by the Finance Minister
2
44. Pink City-Jaipur receives World Heritage Certificate from UNESCO
45. Atal Innovation Mission joins with several ministries to stimulate innovation in India
46. Cabinet approves to set up Vardhavan port in Maharashtra
47. Karnataka launches Janasevaka Scheme
48. Intellectual Property Index: India ranks 40th
49. Cabinet approves to give status of Institution of National Importance to 5 IIITs
50. Rakhi Halder wins gold medal at the Women’s National Weightlifting Championship
51. US President Donald Trump acquitted at the Senate
52. RBI releases bi-monthly policy: Repo rate unchanged
February 8, 2020
53. DRDO signs agreement with Russia’s Rosoboronexport at the DefExpo, 2020
54. MPEDA to upgrade 25 fishing harbours in India
55. India International Seafood Show held in Kochi
56. 14 MoUs signed at 5th India-Russia Industrial Conference
57. Sharang artillery Gun inducted into Indian Army
58. Bandhan: Transfer of Technology Ceremony held at DefExpo
59. Pangolin identified as the host of Corona Virus in China
60. WHO organizes Global Research Forum on Corona Virus
61. RBI to release Digital Payment Index by July 2020
February 9, 2020
62. India-Central Asia Business Council launched in New Delhi
63. DefExpo: India-UK sign MoU to strengthen Defence and Aerospace Relations
64. First Disha Police Station inaugurated in Andhra Pradesh to work on violence against women
65. BBIN nations deliberated on MoU to implement Motor Vehicle Agreement
66. National Conference on E-Governance held in Mumbai; National E-Governance Awards presented
67. Facts Box: Lucknow Declaration of India-Africa Defence Ministers’ Conclave
68. Sri Lankan Prime Minister visits India: Terrorism and Trade discussed
69. Best Performing Smart Cities paired up with least performing to work as SISTER CITIES
70. February 9: Ravidas Jayanti celebrated across India
February 10, 2020

71. Kaamya Karthikeyan: Mumbai Girl becomes the youngest to climb Mt Aconcagua
72. Africa Union Summit held at Addis Ababa
73. Parth: World’s Cheapest Gun Shot Locator developed by Indian Army
74. Corona Virus Ranking: India ranks 17 in importing Corona Virus
75. NASA sends probes to map poles of the sun
76. Cauvery Delta of Tamil Nadu declared Protected Agricultural Zone
77. NCRB report on women and child trafficking: Mumbai and Kolkata highest
78. India to host 13th COP of UN’s Conservation of Migratory Species; PM Modi to inaugurate
79. National Snooker championship: Aditya Mehta defeats multiple time world champion
80. February 10: National Deworming Day
February 11, 2020

81. First Jerusalem-Mumbai festival held in Mumbai
82. Ajeya Warrior: India-UK to hold joint military exercise
83. Under-19 Cricket World Cup 2020 won by Bangladesh for the first time
84. United Nations World Pulses Day celebrated in New Delhi
85. Web Portal launched to provide star rating of coal mines
86. Amazon invests 1.5 billion USD for two Data Centres under Data Centre Policy of Telangana
87. Public Enterprises Survey: Air India, MTNL, BSNL highest loss makings PSUs in FY19
88. Disaster Management Exercise of BIMSTEC NDRF begins in Bhubaneswar
89. February 11: International Day of Women and Girls in Science
90. Sale of Integrated Air Defence Weapon System to India approved by US
February 12, 2020

91. WHO names the new Corona Virus: “COVID-19”
92. Medical Devices now to be regulated under Drugs and Cosmetics Act
3
93. Bhabha Kavach: New bullet proof jacket developed by BARC-to be used by CISF
94. Ground Water Act, 2020 approved by UP cabinet
95. GoI released Draft Visionary Perspective Plan (2020-30) to Conserve Avian Ecosystem ahead of CMS COP-
13
96. Corona Virus Vaccine: UK starts testing on Mice; WHO says vaccine to be ready in 18 months
97. February 11: World Unani Day: Birth Anniversary of Hakim Ajmal Khan celebrated
98. National Winter Games to be held in Gulmarg
99. 43rd Session of International fund for Agricultural Development: UN SDG 2030 not achievable
100. Cabinet Approves amendment of Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement with Sri Lanka
February 13, 2020

101. Cabinet Approval: Capital Infusion in three public sector Units OICL, UIICL and NICL
102. Cabinet Approval: India-Iceland MoU in Sustainable Fisheries Development
103. Cabinet approves Pesticide Management Bill 2020
104. Cabinet approves changes in Vivad Se Vishwas bill, 2020
105. Ayushman Bharat: School Health Ambassador initiative launched
106. February 13: World Radio Day
107. Draft Rules for International Arbitration Centre issued by GoI
108. “Apiary on Wheels” launched: A Unique Concept to help bee keeping, achieve National Honey Mission
109. BIMSTEC: Conference on Combating Drug Trafficking inaugurated
110. INS Jamuna deployed on Hydrographic Survey off coast Sri Lanka
February 14, 2020

111. President’s Colours Awards to INS Shivaji on its 75 years of Service
112. Foreign Envoys from Gulf and EU visit Jammu and Kashmir for the second time
113. GoI hosts National Organic Food Festival in New Delhi
114. India to partially open up Poultry and Diary Markets to imports from US
115. International Hockey Federation names Indian Hockey Captain “Player of the Year”, 2019
116. Portugal President to make a 4-day visit to India
117. UN’s IFAD Governing Council: Climate Change will push 100 millions to poverty
118. Antarctica recorded the hottest temperature of 20.75 degrees Celsius
119. India-Portugal sign 7 agreements
120. GoI approves two AIIMS institutes and 9 medical colleges for Jammu and Kashmir
February 15, 2020

121. India attends Munich Security Conference in Germany
122. Cha-Chai Art Work inaugurated at National Museum by Portuguese president
123. Anniversary of Pulwama Attack: Memorial inaugurated
124. First Inter-City Electric Bus to operate between Mumbai and Pune
125. IISS Study: World Defence spending biggest in 10 years
126. February 15: World Pangolin Day; GoI radio tagged Pangolins first time to learn their Ecology
127. “Global Investor Summit” for the first time in Jammu and Kashmir; Road Shows to attract investments
128. Milan 2020: Biggest Multilateral Naval Exercise in the Indian Ocean Region
129. Nagpur Oranges Exported to Dubai first Time
130. First Integrated Tri-Service Command to be set up in June by the Chief of Defence Staff (CDS)
February 16, 2020

131. ISRO to launch 10 Earth Imaging Satellites in 2020 including first Geo Imaging Satellite-1
132. RBI Syncs Financial Year with the Fiscal Year
133. PM Modi inaugurates 50 projects worth 1000 crores in Varanasi
February 17, 2020

134. India and Norway to work towards mitigating marine plastic littering
135. BioAsia Summit 2020 to be held in Hyderabad
136. India marks the beginning of “Super Year of Biodiversity” with CMS COP 13
137. The First United Nations Biodiversity Summit CMS COP-13 in India: 3 Migratory Mammals Targeted
138. United Nations Bio Diversity Summit to discuss threats to Migratory Species from Infrastructural
Development
139. CMS COP 13: Insects Decline to be discussed for the first time
4
140. Government of Haryana provides Rs 15 lakhs to Olympic participants and Rs 6 crore to winners
141. Supreme Court permits Permanent Commissioning of Women Officers in Defence
142. Chief of Navy Admiral Karambir Singh visits Myanmar
143. Teams set up by Health Ministry to monitor Corona Virus in villages at Nepal Border
144. Ladakh and J&K to come under Central Administrative Tribunal
145. Atal Bhujal Yojana: GoI and World Bank signed loan agreement of 450 million USD
146. US removed “Developing” Tag for India: What are its implications?
February 18, 2020

147. Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana: 4th National Conference held in Udaipur
148. GoI: 5th Meeting of Task Force of Active Pharmaceuticals Ingredients discuss Corona Virus
149. India attends 3rd Global Conference on Road Safety held in collaboration with WHO, World Bank
150. What is Adjusted Gross Revenue?
151. Economic Census begins at the National Capital Region
152. 14,100 tonnes of the rare metal, Lithium Reserves found in India
153. Kala Kumbh: Exhibition to promote GI crafts and Heritage of India held in New Delhi
154. India and Russia Defence Deals to cross 16 billion USD after DefExpo 2020
February 19, 2020

155. Indian Bird Species have declined by 80% says State of India’s Birds Report at CMS COP 13
156. February 19: Soil Health Card Day
157. Task Force Meet: India and Norway to strengthen their BLUE ECONOMY PARTNERSHIP
158. National Institutes renamed after late Union Ministers Sushma, Arun Jaitley and Manohar Parrikar
159. Foundation Stone for Lighthouse at Dhanushkodi laid
160. Pakistan Test Fires 600 km range Ra’ad II missile successfully
161. IISc ranked 16th in Times Higher Education Ranking
162. India shifts towards clean Diesel and Petrol from April 1
163. Delhi Airport: The First Single-use Plastic-free airport
164. After English and Mandarin, Hindi-the third most spoken language in the world
165. Assisted Reproductive Technology Bill approved by Union Cabinet
166. 22nd Law Commission of India approved by the Union Cabinet
February 20, 2020

167. China moves against Pakistan in FATF, Turkey now the only supporter
168. GoI to launch “TILHAN Mission” to make India Self Reliant in oil seed Production
169. Cabinet approves Phase II of Swachh Bharat Mission
170. Manipur- the major role player of Act East Policy
171. Cabinet approves to set up a 12-member Technology Group
172. Union Cabinet approves Revamping of PM Fasal Bima Yojana and RWBCIS schemes to address challenges
173. NITI Aayog organizes North East Sustainable Development Goal Conclave 2020 in Assam
174. February 20: Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh celebrate their Statehood Day
175. GoI sets up Consumer Protection Authority to implement Consumer Protection Act
176. India ranks 77 on sustainability index and 131 on Flourishing Index
177. Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) tops in Nature Ranking Index-2020
178. World Wide Education for the Future Index: India jumps to rank 35
179. Animal Culture linked to its Conservation at CMS COP 13 for the first time
February 21, 2020

180. February 21: International Mother Language Day
181. Asian Elephant, Great Indian Bustard and Bengal Florican classified as “Endangered Migratory Species” at
CMS COP13
182. One Million Dollar Worth Prizes created by Sweden for sustainable Food Solutions
183. President’s Secretary Sanjay Kothari named the next CVC by PM led panel
184. Revision of interest subvention under Diary Processing and Infrastructure Development Fund from 2% to
2.5%
185. RBI launches 5-year Financial Inclusion Strategy
186. Fourth Anniversary of Shyama Prasad Mukherji Rurban Mission celebrated
187. Maharashtra Government orders to destroy “Thai Mangur” fish breeding centres
188. IIT to set up Data Science Centre at Kanjikode campus
5
189. First Khelo India University Games to be held in Bhuwaneshwar
190. National Organic Food Festival inaugurated in New Delhi
February 24, 2020

191. International Judicial Conference held in New Delhi
192. February 24: PM-Kisan Scheme completes one year
193. Temperature controlled largest Terminal to store Agro and Pharma Products launched at Mumbai airport
194. US to sign peace deal with Taliban forces to end war in Afghanistan
195. ICMR Report says Delhi and Ahmedabad tops in added-fat consumption
196. Artificial Intelligence based Chatbot ASKDISHA launched by the Railways
197. Facts Box: Thal Sena Bhawan, the new Army Headquarters
198. February 24: Central Excise Day
199. PM Kisan Mobile App launched to succeed “Doubling Farmer Income by 2022”
200. NITI Aayog Report: 28% of Aadhaar based payment are going to wrong accounts
201. Facts Box: Cheetah Reintroduction Project
February 25, 2020

202. US President Donald Trump visits India: Signs Defence Deals
203. Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohammad resigns
204. GoI launches “SPICe+” to improve Ease of Doing Business in the country
205. Minister reviews progress of meeting of Institute of Eminence
206. February 25: First anniversary of National War Memorial commemorated
207. Human Resources Development Ministry presents Vishwakarma Awards
208. GoI: More firearms for Indian Shooters and others should surrender excess guns
209. Committee submits report on Clause 6 of Assam Accord
210. Five Judges of Supreme Court infected with Swine Flu; Ministry of Health takes immediate actions
211. President Trump visit to India: 2 MoUs and 1 Letter of Cooperation signed
212. What is Happiness Curriculum in Government Schools attended by Melania Trump?
213. Report says Dolphins of Odisha’s Gahirmatha Marine Sanctuary has halved
February 26, 2020

214. EEESL of GoI completes one successful year in making India Energy Efficient
215. 30 Years Egypt Ruler Mohammed Hosni Mubarak passes away
216. What is Counter Cyclical Fiscal Policy of GoI?
217. India-US MoU on Mental Health: Indian Traditional Therapies to be exchanged for US Generic Drugs
218. GISAT 1: New Age Satellite to monitor India continuously to be launched on March 5
219. Indian National Centre for Ocean Information launched new Alert System
220. DPIIT notifies 100% Foreign Direct Investment in Insurance Intermediaries
221. Desert Locust Control High Level Meeting held
222. Indra Dhanush Exercise 2020: India-UK joint Air Force Exercise held at Air Force Station Hindon
February 27, 2020

223. National Technical Textiles Mission approved by Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs
224. RAISE 2020: An International “Artificial Intelligence” Summit to be organised by GoI
225. Union Cabinet approves changes introduced in Surrogacy (Regulation) bill
226. EASE 3.0 launched by the Finance Minister to enhance Ease of Banking
227. Cabinet Approval: Occupancy rights to Scheduled Tribes of Lakshadweep
228. Market Intelligence and Early Warning Systems to monitor prices of Onion, Tomato and Potato
229. Largest conference on traditional medicine: AYUSH Terminologies and their Standardisation held in New
Delhi
230. VAJRA: The Offshore Patrol Vessel-6 launched at Chennai
231. Sri Lanka withdraws from UNHRC Resolution
February 28, 2020

232. Myanmar President Visits India: India-Myanmar sign 10 MoUs
233. Light Combat Helicopter Production inaugurated in HAL Bengaluru
234. NITI Aayog launches Artificial Intelligence Modules in Schools
235. Pradhan Mantri Kisan Sampada Yojana: 32 projects sanctioned
236. GoI to establish Central Consumer Protection Authority
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237. February 28: National Science Day
238. GoI to increase reach of banking in the North-East Tea Garden areas
239. Eastern Zonal Council Meet to be held in Bhubaneswar
February 29, 2020

240. Rashtriya Vayoshri Yojana: PM distributes aids and devices to Divyangjan and Senior Citizens
241. Mission Purvodaya: India-Japan join hands to make Odisha a Steel Hub
242. PM Modi launches 10,000 Farmer Producer Organizations
243. February 29: World Rare Disease Day
244. World Productivity Congress in India after 45 years of gap
245. ICGS Varad: First Major Defence ship to clear all acceptance Trials in a Single Sea Sortie
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February 1, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
1. Economic Survey: National Food Security Act Coverages should be

reduced
The Economic Survey was tabled by the Finance Minister Nirmala Sitaraman in the
Parliament on January 31, 2019. The Survey says that the subsidies under National Food
Security Act (NFSA) should be sharply reduced
1. Highlights
The Survey suggests that the coverage of the act should be reduced to 20% of the
population. On the other hand, these funds should be diverted towards incentivizing
environmentally sustainable production. Also, more focus should be laid to replenish the
food grain economy that has been riddled due to several economic inefficiencies.
2. Current Scenario of NFSA

At present, around 67% of the Indian households are entitled to 5 kilograms of
subsidized wheat and rice per person per month. Over 800 million are benefitted from
food subsidy scheme.
2. Economic Survey suggests “Assemble In India Model” to create 80

million jobs
The Economic Survey 2019-20 suggests a new idea of “Assemble in India” model to
create 80 million jobs in the country. The model will also help India achieve its 5 trillion
USD economy target.
1. Highlights
The report suggests that India should benefit from the China-US trade war situation by
increasing export manufacturing. It also says that China has been performing well in
exports mainly due to large scale labour intensive activities. Chinese import components
and assemble in China. This creates immense job opportunities.
2. Assemble in India Model

The Assemble in India for the world should be integrated with Make in India. This will
increase export market share by 3.5% in 2025 and 6% in 2030.
3. Current Scenario
India contributes only 2% of world trade. With China-US trade war, firms are looking for
alternative locations. Also, labour shortages and increase in wages in China are ideal for
India to grab global markets.
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3. Corona Virus: India bans respiratory masks export as Indians
evacuated from China
On January 31, 2020, the Government of India banned respiratory masks, clothing used
to protect from air borne particles and other personal protection equipment. The move
has been implemented as a precautionary step assuming there could be a spurt in
demand of these products due to Corona Virus.
1. Highlights
A 423-seater plane has been sent to China to evacuate Indians from China. The move is
being done due to the outbreak of novel Corona Virus in China. At this scenario, India is
to bring around 400 Indians from China.
2. Quarantine Facilities
The death toll in China due to the Corona Virus has increased to 213 and the number of
confirmed cases has increased to 9,000. In order to screen them, the Indian Army has
set a quarantine facility in Manesar.
3. Current Scenario
There are more than 300 Indian students in the Chinese province of Hubei, which is the
epicenter of the virus outbreak. The Manesar quarantine is being created exclusively for
these students. They are to be monitored for 2 weeks.
4. India-Africa Defence Ministers Conclave at DefExpo for first time
For the first time, in the history of DefExpo, India and Africa are to discuss their defence
relations. The India-Africa Defence Conclave is to be held on February 6, 2020. Around
24 Defence Ministers are to participate in the conclave.
1. Highlights
India’s largest Defence Exhibition is to be held in Lucknow between February 5, 2020
and February 8, 2020. During the exhibition, India showcases its existing and new
defence technologies to the world. As a part of the event, the India-Africa Defence
Conclave is to be held.
2. India-Africa
So far, the eastern and Southern African countries alone have shown interests in defence
ties with India. However, the novelty of this conclave is that the western African
countries are expected to come forward.
5. Fiscal Deficit of GoI touched 132% of full year target
On January 31, 2020, the Controller General of Accounts (CGA) released data on fiscal
deficit of Government of India. According to the report, the fiscal deficit of India touched
132.4% of the full-year target in December, 2019.
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1. Highlights
The gap between revenue and expenditure is terms as fiscal deficit. According to the
CGA data, the fiscal deficit was 9,31,725 crores of rupees. During 2018-19 budget, the
fiscal deficit was 112.4%. GoI is trying to reduce the deficit to 7,03,760 crores by the end
of March 2020.
2. Economic Survey on Fiscal Deficit

The Economic Survey that was released recently suggests that the fiscal deficit target of
3.3% of GDP has to be relaxed. It suggests to reduce the deficit to 3% of GDP in 2020-
21.
6. Budget 2020-21 presented by Finance Minister: The Themes, GST

Reforms
The Finance Minister Nirmala Sitaraman presented the Budget 2020-21 on February 1,
2020. The budget focused on enhancing purchasing power of citizens and boosting their
incomes. It has also given importance to technology and innovation to increase
employment of the youths.
1. Structural Reforms
The structural reforms include recapitalization of banks through IBC (Insolvency and
Bankruptcy Code). The debt of the country has been reduced from 52.2% of GDP in 2014
to 48.7% of GDP in 2019.
1.1. GST Reforms

 Under GST, an average household saves 4% of its savings.
 In the year 2019-20, 60 lakh new tax payers were added, 40 crores of returns filed, 800 crore
invoices uploaded and 105 e-way bills have been generated. GST helped to reducing the
turnaround time for trucks by 20%.
 The Inspector Raj system has been vanished. Under this, the state and national permits
including road tax, fitness certificate pollution certificate for trucks were removed.
2. Inclusive Growth
The Growth Rate was 4% in 1950s, 6% in 1980s and reached an average of 7.4% in
2016. The inflation for the period 2014-19 stood at 4.5%. Around 271 million people
were brought out of poverty in 2006-16.
3. Themes of the budget

The themes were
7. Budget 2020: 2.83 lakh Crore Rupees allocated to Agriculture and

Rural Development
The Finance Minister Nirmala Sitaraman presented the Budget 2020-21 on February 1,
2020. The Minister has allocated Rs 2.83 lakh crore rupees for the agriculture and rural
development sector.
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1. POINT 1 — Encourage State Governments to implement Model Laws
The Budget aims to encourage the state governments to implement the following model
laws
2. POINT 2 — Comprehensive Measures for 100 Water Stressed Districts
3. POINT 3 — Help 20 lakh farmers setup standalone solar pumps

In the previous budget, the government aimed to reduce the dependence of farmers on
diesel or petrol water pumps through PM-KUSUM. It aimed to increase the usage of grid
connected solar water pumps.
4. POINT 4 — Reducing incentives to chemical fertilizers & promoting organic

The budget aims to encourage the use of organic and chemical free fertilizers. This is to
change the current set up of incentivized use of chemical fertilizers.
5. POINT 5 — NABARD to Geo Tag and map warehouses

At present, India has capacity of 162 million metric tonnes of storage and warehousing.
With an allocated budget, NABARD will map and Geo Tag these warehouses.
6. POINT 6 — Village Storage Scheme

The village storage scheme is to be proposed. The storage houses will be run by the SHG
(Self Help Group). Importance under the scheme will be given to the Women SHGs.
Under the scheme, the group will get loan from NABARD to store food grains. This will
help farmers to increase their holding capacities.
7. POINT 7 — Kisan Rail under PPP model launched

Also, Indian Railways will set up Kisan Rail to transport perishable goods under the PPP
(Public Private Partnership) model. New refrigerated freight trains will be launched. This
will help to build seamless national cold supply chain for perishables such as meat, milk
and fish.
8. POINT 8 — Krishi UDAN to be launched

Apart from trains the government also aims at launching air transport. The Ministry of
Civil Aviation will operate new flights to fulfil transport of perishable goods. This will
immensely help the north east and tribal districts.
9. POINT 9 — One District One Product extended to Horticulture

The current produce of Horticulture sector is 311 million Metric tonnes. According to the
Ministry of Finance, the horticultural produce exceeds the production of food grains. The
budget aims to support states that are willing to adopt the cluster basis focus on “One
District One Product” programme.
10. POINT 10 — Integrated Farming systems in Rain fed areas to be expanded

Multi-tear cropping, Bee keeping, solar pumps, solar energy production in non-cropping
season are to be added. The Jaivik Kheti (National Project on Organic Farming) is to be
strengthened. It is a portal for online organic products.
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11. POINT 11 — NWR integrated with ENAM
The financing of Negotiable Warehouse Receipts (NWR) has already crossed 6,000
crores. Therefore, the e-NWR is now to be integrated with ENAM (Electronic National
Agriculture Market)
12. POINT 12 — 15 lakh crore agricultural credit

The Non-Banking Finance companies and the agricultural cooperative play a major role
in agricultural development. The NABARD refinancing the agricultural credit will receive
15 lakh crore for the year 2020-21.
13. POINT 13 — Milk production 108 million MT by 2025

The budget has allocated funds to address the foot and mouth disease issues. It also
includes Brucellosis in cattle and PPR (Peste des petits ruminant) in goats and sheep.
14. POINT 14 — Blue Economy-Fish Production boosted to 200 lakh tonnes

A framework is to be put in place to develop and manage conservation of marine
fisheries resources. The youth in coastal areas are to be trained in fish processing and
marketing. GoI aims to increase the fish production to 200 lakh tonnes by 2022-23. The
GoI also intends to promote Growing of algae, sea weeds and cage culture.
15. POINT 15 — Fish Farmer Producer Organization (Fish FPO) introduced

Through 3,477 SAGAR Mitras and 500 fish farmer producer organization fish production
is to be boosted. The youths in the coastal areas and inland fishing areas are to be
trained as SAGAR Mitras.
16. POINT 16 — SHGs of Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana to be mobilised

Under Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana, currently 58 lakh SHGs have been mobilized. They
are to be mobilized further.
17. FUND ALLOCATION

For the sector of Agriculture, irrigation, rural development and allied activities 2.83 lakh
crore rupees has been allocated. Out of this, for agriculture and irrigation, 1.6 lakh
crores has been allocated. For rural development and Panchayati Raj 1.23 lakh crore
rupees has been allocated.
18. Schemes
The GoI is working on the agricultural target of doubling farmers income by 2022. The
schemes that were highlighted to achieve the target are as follows
8. Budget 2020: Wellness, Water and Sanitation
On February 1, 2020, the Finance Minister presented the Budget for the financial year
2020-21. The GoI gives utmost importance to health sector. The GoI under the Budget
2020-21 aims to provide wellness, water and sanitation by allocating funds for following
schemes.
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1. Ayushman Bharat
Under PMJAY, there are more than 20,000 empaneled hospitals in the country. More such
hospitals are to be empaneled in Tier II and Tier III cities. Under the scheme, the budget
allocates viability gap funding in PPP mode. In Phase I, the 112 aspirational districts are
to be covered. Out of these, the districts without empaneled hospitals are to be given
priority.
2. TB Harega Desh Jeetega

The campaign was launched to fight Tuberculosis and eliminate the disease from the
country by 2025. The budget allocates funds to strengthen the campaign and realize the
target.
3. Jan Aushadi Jendra Scheme

The scheme is to be expanded to all districts. The aim is to make 2000 medicine and 300
surgical equipment available in all districts. This is to be realized by 2024.
4. FUND ALLOCATION FOR HEALTH

The Health Sector has been allocated 69,000 crores. This includes the 6,400 crores of
rupees allocated for PMJAY.
5. SANITATION
5.1. Swachh Bharat Mission-FUND ALLOCATION

The GoI is committed to Open Defecation Free India (ODF). It is currently implementing
ODF+ that aims to sustain ODF. The GoI now under the Budget aims to work towards
Liquid and Grey water management. It will also focus towards solid waste collection,
source segregation and processing. The Budget has allocated 12,300 crores of rupees
for the Swachh Bharat Mission.
6. WATER
6.1. Jal Jeevan Mission-FUND ALLOCATION

The mission aims to provide clean piped drinking water to all households. The GoI has
already approved 3.6 lakh crore rupees for the mission.
7. Other Schemes
The other schemes that were given importance by the Budget are as follows
9. Budget 2020: 99,300 crores and 3,000 crores allocated for Education
and Skill Development
The Budget 2020 was presented at the Parliament under three themes. One of the
themes is Aspirational India. The Education and Skills is a Sub theme of Aspirational
India. The other two sub themes of Aspirational India are
1. Higher Education Institutes

Over 150 Higher Education institutes will start apprenticeship embedded degree diploma
courses by March 2021.
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2. Internship by ULD
The Budget allocated funds for the Urban Local Bodies to provide internship
opportunities to the local youths, especially fresh engineers for a period of 1 year. The
man power of local bodies is also limited. This move hence will help address both the
problems.
3. Online Education Portal

To provide high quality education and for the deprived sections of the society that do not
have access to higher education, the budget proposes to start online education portal. In
order to maintain the quality of the courses uploaded in the portal, only top 100
institutes of the country will be allowed to conduct courses in the portal. The institutes
were ranked under National Institutional Ranking Framework.
4. Study in India Programme-“INDSAT” Exam proposed

Under Study in India Programme, INDSAT exam has been proposed in Asian and African
countries. This will help to benchmark foreign candidates receiving scholarships to study
in India.
5. National Police and Forensic Science Universities to be established

The Budget has allocated funds to establish National Police University and National
Forensic Universities. They will focus on the domains of policing science, forensic science
and cyber forensics.
6. Doctors’ inadequacy addressed

The Budget proposes medical colleges to be established along with district hospitals in
PPP mode to address the problem of lack of qualified medical doctors. The states that
are willing to allocate land and address the issue will be provided with viability gap
funding to construct the colleges.
7. DNB and FNB

The Budget Allocated fund to increase the number of DNB (Diplomate in National Board)
and FNB (Fellowship in National Board) professionals. The exams for these medicine
graduates are conducted by National Board of Examinations. The DNBs are trained at
private hospitals and medical colleges.
8. FUND ALLOCATION
The Budget has allocated 99,300 crores of rupees for the education sector. Also, it
allocated 3,000 crores for skill development.
February 2, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
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10. Budget 2020: Economic Development-Commerce, Industries and
Infrastructure
The Union Budget 2020 was presented by the Finance Minister Shrimati Nirmala
Sitaraman. The budget was presented under three themes namely Aspirational India,
Economic Development and Care Giving. The Economic Development includes
industries, commerce and manufacturing.
1. Investment Clearance Cell to be set up

The Budget proposed to set an Investment Clearance Cell that will provide end to end
support including pre-investment advisory, information related to land banks and
facilitate clearances at centre and state level.
2. 5 new smart cities

The Budget 2020-21 proposes three main activities as the backbone of infrastructure
development. They are
3. Manufacturing
The Budget focuses on the networks of the manufactured products. It aims to make the
chain a part of the global network.
3.1. Electronics Manufacturing

The potential of the Electronics Manufacturing sector in job creation is immense. It is
important for India to boost domestic manufacturing and attract large investments in the
electronics value chain
4. Scheme to encourage mobile phones manufacturing

The Budget proposes a scheme to encourage manufacturing of mobile phones,
electronic equipment and semiconductor packaging. The scheme shall be extended to
medical devices as well.
5. National Technical Textile Mission introduced

India imports 16 billion USD of technical textiles every year. In order to reverse the trend
and position India as a leader in Technical Textile sector, National Technical Textile
Mission is introduced. The mission is to be implemented in 4 years between 2020-21 and
2023-24. The estimated cost of the mission is 1,480 crores.
6. Zero Defect Zero Effect Manufacturing

The Budget proposes to all ministries to issue a Quality Standard Order in order to
remove defects in the manufacturing. PM proposed the Zero Defect Zero Effect
Manufacturing during his speech in Independence Day, 2019.
7. NIRVIK Scheme launched

The scheme aims at Higher Export Credit Disperse. It will also help to achieve higher
expense cover, reduction in premium for small exporters and simplify procedures to
claim settlements.
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8. Scheme for reversion of Duties proposed
The Budget proposes to introduce a new scheme to cover electricity duties, VAT,
transportation fuels. The scheme will cover duties that are not getting exempted under
other existing mechanism. The scheme is to be launched in 2020-21.
9. Districts as Export Hub

The GoI has been working to improve its exports with a target of making every district
an export hub. In order to achieve this, the budget allocated funds for the E-market
places and GeM. They will move ahead to create a single platform for procurement of
goods. This will help the MSME sector. More than 3 lakh vendors are already on the
platform.
10. FUND ALLOCATION

The Budget 2020-21 allocated Rs 27,300 crores for the commerce and industries sector.
11. INFRASTRUCTURE
The GoI is working to achieve its set target of investing 100 lakh crores of rupees in next
five years (announced in 2019). In order to achieve this, the Finance Minister launched
the National Infrastructure Pipeline that will implement 103 lakh crore worth projects.
12. National Infrastructure Pipeline

It consists of more than 6,500 projects. It includes housing, safe drinking water, health
care, access to clean and affordable energy, world class educational institutions, modern
railway stations, bus terminals, airports, railway transportation, Logistics, warehousing
projects and irrigation.
13. Project preparation facility Centre proposed

The facility is to be set up to propose infrastructure projects. It will work towards
improving the skills of the youth and in identifying the talent demands of the country.
The facility will involve young graduates, engineers, economists from Universities. The
facility will also work towards involving many number of youths towards
entrepreneurship.
14. National Logistics Policy to be released

The policy will clarify the role of union government and state governments in the
logistics. The policy will create a single window e-logistics market. The policy will focus
on employment generation, skills and will encourage MSMEs work towards competitivity.
15. Development of Highways

The Budget allocated funds to develop 2,500 km of access-controlled highways, 9,000
km of economic corridors and 2,000 km of coastal and land port roads and 2,000 km of
strategic highway.
16. Indian Railways

The GoI has so far commissioned 550 WiFi Railway Stations in the country. The
unmanned level crossings have been eliminated. It also aims to achieve electrification of
27,000 km of tracks.
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17. Sea Ports
Under Budget 2020-21, the GoI intends to corporatize at least one sea port by the end of
the year and list it under stock exchanges.
18. Inland Water Ways

The Jal Vikas Marg on the National Water Way-1 is to be completed by the end of the
year. Budget allocated funds for its completion processes. The 890km Dubri-Sadiya
national water way in Assam connectivity is to be completed by 2022.
19. Air Traffic

The Budget proposes to develop 100 more airports by 2024 to support UDAN scheme. It
is expected that the air fleet number will increase from 600 to 1200 during this period.
20. FUND ALLOCATION

The Budget allocated 1.7 lakh crores for transport infrastructure.
21. ENERGY SECTOR
22. Electricity and DISCOMs

The distribution of electricity sector, the DISCOMs in particular are under stress. In order
to address the issue, the budget allocated funds to replace the conventional meters to
prepaid smart meters in next 3 years. Through this step, the consumers will be enabled
with the freedom to choose the rates and the suppliers.
23. FUND ALLOCATION

The Budget allocated 22,000 crores for power and renewable energy sector
24. Oil and Natural Gas

The Open Acreage Licensing Policy (OALP) has so far awarded 1 lakh square kilo metres
of area for exploration of private sector. The budget increases the exploration areas. The
National Gas Grid so far runs for 16,200. The Budget proposes to increase this to 27,000
km.
25. Private Data Centre Parks to be established

The New Economy is based on innovation, artificial intelligence, IoT, 3D printing, drones,
DNA, data storage, quantum computing, and established business models. In order to
move ahead in these technologies, the Budget proposes Private Data Centred Parks. A
new policy is to be framed in order to achieve this.
26. Bharat Net

GoI believes that it is essential to communicate with all Gram Panchayats, Health and
Wellness Centres, Anganwadis, Government Schools, PDS outlets, post offices and police
stations. These places are to be provided with Digital connectivity.
27. Intellectual Property

At the Institute of Excellence, a centre is to established that will work towards the
complexity and innovation of the field of Intellectual Property
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28. Knowledge Translation Clusters
The Knowledge Translation Clusters are to be set up under different technologies. This
includes new and emerging sectors as well. It will design fabrication and validate proof
of concept.
29. National Science Schemes

In order to achieve , two National Level Science Schemes to create comprehensive
databases. It will also work towards mapping of India’s genetic medicines, agriculture
and biodiversity management.
30. National Mission on Quantum Technologies and Applications

The Budget allocated 8,000 crores of rupees for the mission. The mission is to be
completed in another 5 years. If India achieves in breaking into the technology, it will be
the third pioneering nation in conquering it.
11. Budget 2020: Caring Society: Women and Child, Social Welfare,
Culture & Tourism, Env & Climate Change
On February 1, 2020, the Finance Minister Nirmala Sitaraman presented the Budget
2020 on three main themes. The third theme of the budget is Caring Society. Under this
theme, the GoI allocated budget to Women and Child, Social Welfare and Tourism,
Environment and Climate Change.
1. Women and Child and Social Welfare

Under the Beti Bachao Beti Padao, the Gross Enrolment ratio of girls is higher than boys.
Their enrollment is as follows
2. Poshan Abhiyan
To improve health of children in the age of 0 to 6 years of age, adolescent girls and
lactating women, Poshan Abhiyan was introduced. More than 6 lakhs Anganwadi workers
are equipped with smart phones to upload the status of nutrition of more than 10 crore
house hold.
3. Task Force appointed

The age of marriage for girls was increased from 15 years to 18 years in 1978. This was
done by amending the Sharada act (The Child Marriage Restraint Act), 1929. As India
progresses further, wider opportunities open up. Also, there is lowering of maternal
mortality rates and improvement of nutritional levels. In order to include women in every
aspect of such developments, a task force is to be appointed.
4. FUND ALLOCATION
The Budget 2020-21 allocated 35,600 crores of rupees for the nutrition related
programmes. It also allocates 28,600 crores for programmes of women development.
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5. Manual Scavengers
The Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs has identified suitable technologies for
sewerage cleaning. The Ministry is currently working with the urban local bodies for
adoption of these technologies. The budget allocates funds to achieve this and also to
implement legislative changes. The budget will also allocate funds to support wider
acceptance of such technologies.
6. FUND ALLOCATION
Along with manual scavengers, the other section of the society including scheduled class
and OBCs a budget of 85,000 crores has been allocated. For the upliftment of Scheduled
Tribes, a budget of 53,700 crores has been allocated. For Senior citizens and Divyangs
9,500 crores has been allocated.
7. Culture and Tourism
8. Indian Institute of Heritage and Culture to be established

Under the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, the GoI proposes to establish an Indian
Institute of Heritage and Culture. It shall have the status of a Deemed University to start
with. It will include course of museology, archaeology and also includes scientific
curriculum of those fields.
9. 5 Archaeological sites to be developed

The GoI has allocated funds to develop 5 archaeological sites with museums. They are
Rakhigarhi in Haryana, Dholavira in Gujarat, Hastinapur in Uttar Pradesh, Sivasagar in
Assam and Adichanallur in Tamil Nadu.
10. India’s stand in tourism

India has move up to rank 65 in 2014 to rank 34 in 2019 in the travel and tourism
competitive index. The index is prepared by the World Economic Forum. The Foreign
Exchange grew 7.4% (between January and November, 2019)
11. FUND ALLOCATION

For Culture the budget allocated 3,150 crores. For Tourism the GoI allocated 2,500
crores.
12. ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE CHANGE
13. Closure of old thermal power stations

GoI launched the Global Coalition for Disaster-Resilient Infrastructure in 2015. It will help
in addressing the Sustainable Development Goals.
14. Clean air in cities

The cities are to be encouraged to take actions against pollution to provide clean air for
the citizens. The budget allocated separate funds to achieve this. However, only cities
with population above 1 million are included under this. Incentives will be provided to
such cities that are coming forward to implement such measures. The measures will be
released by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change.
15. FUND ALLOCATION

GoI allocated 4,400 crores for environment and climate change.
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12. Budget 2020: Governance
In order to achieve minimum government and maximum governance, the Budget 2020-
21 has allocated funds for the following
1. Tax Payer Charter introduced

The Budget allocated funds to institutionalize a Tax Payer Charter. This is to ensure
fairness and avoid harassments in the quest of collecting taxes from the citizens. Only
three countries in the world so far have enshrined the rights of taxpayers namely
Canada, Australia and US Through tax payer charter, India joins the list.
2. National Recruitment Agency to be established

The Companies Act, 2013 is to be amended. Major reforms in the recruitment processes
of non-Gazetted posts in Government administration and public sector banks are to be
introduced. As this process involves immense effort, cost and time, a National
Recruitment Agency is to be established. The Agency will conduct multiple examinations
and also computer based Online Common Eligibility Test. A Test Centre at every
Aspirational District is to be set up.
3. National Policy on Official Statistics to be introduced

The GoI has witnessed the need for the Indian Statistical System to meet the challenges
of the increasing complexity of the economy. In order to achieve this, National Policy on
Official Statistics will be introduced. The policy will lay down a road map towards data
collection, timely dissemination of information and integrated information portal.
4. G 20 presidency of India – FUND ALLOCATION

India is to preside over the G 20 meeting in the year 2022 (the year India is celebrating
its 75th anniversary). To kick start the preparations, by 2021, the Budget has allocated
100 crores.
5. North East and J&K-FUND ALLOCATION

Government has been ensuring smooth access to financial assistance to the North East
Region. Also, the GoI has been supporting the all-round development of newly formed
Union Territories Ladakh and J&K.
13. Budget 2020: Financial Sector
The Budget 2020-21 has been framed on the basis that Governance and Finances are
the two major hands in achieving the three themes of the budget. The three themes
include aspirational India, Economic Development and Caring India
1. Public Sector Banks

The GoI has earlier approved consolidation of 10 major banks into 4. In order to achieve
this a fund of 3,50,000 crores has already been infused into the economy. Still, in order
to make them robust and competitive, budget has allocated funds to carry out reforms in
these banks
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2. Deposit Insurance increased to 5 lakhs
The Depositor Insurance Coverage (DIC) has been increased from 1 lakh to 5 lakh per
depositor. The DIC is looked after by Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee
Corporation (DICGC).
3. Amendments to acts proposed

The following acts are to be amended
3.1. Banking Regulation Act

The Banking Regulation Act is to be amended to increase professionalism, improve
governance, enable access to capital and enable sound banking through RBI
3.2. SARFAESI act

The SARFAESI (Securitization and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of
Security Interest) act, 2002 is to be amended. This is to reduce the limit of debt recovery
of NBFCs from 500 crores to 100 crores. The debt recovery for loans of the NBFCs is to
be reduced from 1 crore to 50 lakhs
3.3. PFRDAI act

The Pension Fund Regulatory Development Authority India Act is to be amended.
According to the amendment the role of PFRDAI is to be strengthened. This is being done
to infuse auto enrolment in Universal Pension Coverage scheme. The act will also enable
establishment of Private trusts by employees.
3.4. Factor Regulation Act, 2011

The act will be amended to extend invoice financing to the MSMEs. This will help in
enhancing their financial and economic sustainability.
4. MSME Sector
4.1. Scheme
A scheme is to be introduced to increase the working capital credit of the MSMEs. Under
the scheme, subordinate debt is to be provided for entrepreneurs of MSMEs.
4.2. RBI’s Restructuring of Debts

In 2019-20, more than 5 lakh MSMEs have been benefitted with the RBI restructuring its
permissible debts. The GoI has requested RBI to extend the window till March 31, 2021.
4.3. Application to be launched

An application is to be launched to raise invoices of loan products introduced for MSME
sector. This will reduce the problem of cash flow mismatches and delayed payment
problems.
4.4. Scheme by EXIM and SIDBI

Together both the EXIM and SIDBI will launch a scheme of 1000 crores. The institutions
will contribute 50 cores each.
5. Bond Market
 The limit of FPI in corporate bonds that are currently at 9% is to be increased to 15%
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 A legislation is to be framed that will create a mechanism for netting of financial contracts.
This will help to increase investor confidence
 Upon the success of the Exchange Traded Fund introduced recently, Gol has allocated budget
to expand ETF focusing primarily on government securities
 A partial Credit Guarantee scheme is to be formulated to address the liquidity constraints of
NBFCs.
6. International Bullion Exchange Centre in GIFT city

Budget 2020-21 allocated funds to establish the GFT city. The GIFT has International
Financial Service Centre (IFSC). IT has been approved to set up Free Trade Zone for
housing vaults. There are more than 40 banking entities and 19 insurance entities
operating in the city. The city is to be established as an International Bullion Exchange
centre.
February 3, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
14. India-Maldives sign MoU to establish Addu Tourism
On February 2, 2020, India and Maldives signed 5 Memorandum of Understandings to

establish Addu Tourism in 5 islands of Addu atoll. The tourism is to be developed at a
cost of 2.49 million USD. Addu is a city in Maldives that contains several inhabited
Islands.
1. Highlights
The Agreements were signed by the High Commissioner of India Sunjay Sudhir, Addu
Council and the Minister of Foreign Affairs Abdulla Shahid. Along with tourism, the
countries also signed the 6th MoU agreement to set up a bottled water plant in
Hoarafushi.
2. India-Maldives
Maldives is located in the south of Lakshadweep islands. Also, Maldives is a neighbor. For
its strategic location, it is important for India to develop cordial relations with the
country. This will help India contain the increasing Chinese presence in the region. Milan
is the multilateral naval exercise conducted between the countries. It is held in Andaman
and Nicobar Islands
15. Matla Abhiyan: Coastal Security Exercise conducted by Indian Navy
The Indian Navy recently launched a unique coastal security exercise in Kolkata. The
exercise was conducted to create awareness about the coastal security to the local
community.
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1. Highlights
The Indian Navy conducted the Coastal Security Exercise, Malta Abhiyan in the
Sunderbans region and the exercise is unique of its kind. Two naval boats were flagged
off the Sunderbans till Hemnagar along the International Trade Protocol route between
India and Bangladesh. The Naval officer created awareness to the local community along
the route. The route is sensitive as deadly equipment can be dropped off easily and thus
it was chosen by the Indian Navy.
2. Sunderbans
The Sunderbans is a Mangrove Delta Forest formed at the confluence of Brahmaputra,
Ganga and Meghna rivers. The Delta is vulnerable for its vastness and complexities. It
covers over 10,000 square kilometres in India and 6,017 square kilometres in
Bangladesh.
3. Sunderbans-Heritage Sites
Four Sunderbans protected areas are listed under UNESCO World Heritage Sites. It
includes Sunderbans National Park, Sundarbans South, Sunderbans West and
Sunderbans East.
16. Mohammed Allawi appointed the PM of Iraq amidst Tishreen

Revolution in the country
On February 01, 2020, one of the former communications ministers of Iraq, Mohammed
Allawi was appointed the Prime Minister of the country by the President of Iraq, Barham
Salih.
1. Highlights
Allawi has been appointed the Prime Minister of the Country amidst long protests that
has so far killed 600 in the country.
2. 2019 Iraqi protests-The Tishreen Revolution

The 2019 Iraqi protests has been named Tishreen Revolution or October Revolution or
Iraqi Intifada. It was started in October 2019 in the social media by civil activists. IT then
spread to northern and southern provinces of the country. The protests was against the
16 years of corruption in the country. It also aimed to stop the Iranian intervention in
Iraq.
3. Mohammed Allawi
Allawi served as the communication minister between 2006-07 and 2010-12. During
both his terms he resigned due to political reasons. He was famous for his strict actions
against bribery. He brought out the controversial rule of imposing 30% of contract
signed as fine, if the company’s bribing charges were proved. Also, the company would
be blacklisted.
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17. National Emergency Declared in Pakistan to fight against Locusts in
the border
Pakistan which is facing the worst locust attacks in decades has declared National
Emergency. The emergency was declared to tackle the insects that are destroying crops
in Punjab province, the main region of agricultural production.
1. Highlights
The locusts are currently in the India-Pakistan border along Cholistan. Usually, these
Locusts move to Iran after some time. However, this time due to low temperatures they
are still in Pakistan.
2. Locusts in India
By the end of January 2020, the Indian border of Gujarat and Rajasthan were attacked by
desert locusts from Pakistan and Iran. They mainly attacked the oil seed producing
regions. It included rapeseed and cumin seed plants in Gujarat in around 17,000
hectares and 360,000 hectares of land in Rajasthan.
18. Corona virus: G7 Health Ministerial meet, China’s New Hospital,

Travel ban by 4 countries
The Corona Virus death toll has increased to 360. The WHO has also declared
International Health Emergency over the outbreak of the virus. The G7 countries are to
conduct a Ministerial level health meet to discuss measures to prevent the further
spread of the disease.
1. G7 meet
The health ministers of G7 grouping that comprises of USA, Canada, UK, France,
Germany, Italy and Japan are to meet to discuss the epidemic being caused by the
Corona virus. The Minsters will discuss a joint response to the epidemic.
2. Travel Ban
The four countries Australia, US, New Zealand and Israel has imposed travel ban to the
people who have recently visited China. This will certainly affected trade and business of
China. The Chinese share markets are already slowing down.
3. Borders closed
The four countries Nepal, Russia and Mongolia have closed their borders with China.
4. China’s new hospital

China’s speed-built hospital in the city of Wuhan comprises of 1000 beds. The hospital
was built in just 8 days. There are more than 21,558 suspected cases and 152,700 under
watch cases in the country.
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19. Import duty on Green Energy Equipment hiked by 20% in Budget
2020-21
The Budget 2020-21 that was presented by the finance Minister Nirmala Sitaraman in
the Parliament increased the import duty of green energy equipment like cells by 20%.
This is being implemented to drive local manufacturing of the equipment and lowering
the import of low-quality Chinese equipment.
1. Highlights
The Energy markets is currently one of the fast-growing markets in India. However, the
market is dominated by the Chinese companies for their competitive prices. The GoI had
earlier imposed safeguard duty over solar cells and models that are imported from
Malaysia and China in July 2018. This is to expire by July 2020. Hence, the budget has
introduced new duties.
2. India’s Scenario
India is the third largest consumer of energy after US and China. The manufacturing
capacity of India is 3 GW for the solar cells. In spite of this, in 2018-19, India imported
2.16 billion USD worth solar photo voltaic cells.
20. National Calamity Contingent Duty increased in Budget-Concerns of

Tobacco institute
The Budget 2020-21 that was presented by the Finance Minister Nirmala Sitaraman
increased the National Calamity Contingent Duty. The imposed duty is expected to
witness price rise of 7% in the sales of cigarettes.
1. What is NCCD?
The NCCD is tax imposed on pan masala, cigarettes, cellular phones and other tobacco
products. It was introduced under Finance Act, 2001
2. Concerns
The Tobacco Institute of India believes that increasing the NCCD will incentivize illegal
cigarette trading in the country. Currently, the illegal cigarettes account to one-fourth of
the Indian Cigarette market.
3. National Calamity contingent Fund (NCCF)

The Fund was proposed by the 11th Finance Commission. It has a core corpus of Rs 500
crores. The fund is replenished through National Calamity Contingent Duty. Since April
2010, the NCCF has been merged with the National Disaster Response Fund.
21. Portal Santusht launched: To implement policies of Labour Ministry

at grass root level
The Portal Santusht is an Implementation Monitoring Cell that was launched by the
Ministry of Lobour and Employment in January 2020. The portal addresses delivery of
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public services, their transparency, accountability, schemes and policies at grass root
level.
1. Highlights
The portal aims to address the speedy redressal of grievances of workers ans employers.
It monitors services that are provided by the health insurance and EPFOs (Employment
Provident Fund Organization). Also, it monitors the services provided by the ESICs
(Employment State Insurance Corporation) to the formal sector workers.
2. ESIC
The ESIC is a statutory body administered by the Ministry of Labour and Employment.
The Corporation can raise loans, acquire movable and immovable properties. It can also
set up hospitals in collaboration with the state governments for the benefit of the
employees. The ESIC is governed by the ESI (Employment State Insurance) Act.
3. EPFO
The EPFO is also a statutory body formed and operated under Employment Provident
Fund and Miscellaneous Provisions act, 1952. It is also operated under Ministry of Labour
and Employment.
22. SFURTI Scheme update given in the Parliament-Rs 2.3 crores budget
allocated
The Ministry of MSME (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises) on February 3, 2020,
provided an update on the SFURTI scheme being implemented.
1. Highlights
A total amount of Rs 2.3 crores has been sanctioned for the scheme in the budget
2020.The Ministry updated the house that currently the scheme is working towards the
following
2. About the Scheme

The scheme SFURTI-Scheme of Fund for Regeneration of Traditional industries was
launched in 2005. It enhances production of Khadi industries and artisans. Also, under
SFURTI, the scheme for rural industries Service Centre (RISC) is being implemented. The
scheme for Product Development, Design Intervention and Packaging is also
implemented under SFURTI.
23. APEDA signs MoU to set up a Liason Office in Guwahati, Assam
On February 3, 2020, APEDA (Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export

Development Authority) signed MoU with CSIR-CFTRI (Council of Scientific and Industrial
Research-Central Food Technological Research Institute). According to the agreement,
the CSIR-CFTRI will provide technical support to the food industries in the North East
Region.
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1. Highlights
APEDA will set up a Liason Office. A Liason office connects people and coordinate
activities between officers. The newly set up office will work towards promoting organic
agricultural exports and food processing. The centre will also works in augmenting the
export of traditional food products in the region.
2. Recent Measures of APEDA in the North East

The APDEA has launched several measures to develop the North East Region. It
organized 5 international buyer seller meets in 2019. The meets were conducted in
Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Tripura and Sikkim. It aimed at showcasing the
potential of horticulture, organic foods and agriculture of the region.
February 4, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
24. Minister of North East Development chairs Ujh (National)

Multipurpose Project, Jammu Kashmir
On February 3, 2020 the Minister of North Eastern Development Dr Jitendra Singh

chaired the Ujh Multipurpose (National) Project, Jammu and Kashmir. The meeting was
attended by the Ministry of Jal Shakti, Ministry of Power and other officers from state
government of Punjab
1. Highlights
The Meeting was held to fast track complete utilization of India’s rights under Indus
Water Treaty. The project is to be constructed across River Ujh, a tributary of River Ravi.
2. Indus Water Treaty

The Indus-Water Treaty was signed between India and Pakistan in 1960. The signing of
the treaty was brokered by the World Bank. According to the agreement, the waters of
eastern rivers Ravi, Beas and Sutlej were given to India and the control over waters
flowing in the western rivers Indus, Chenab and Jhelum were given to Pakistan.
25. February 4: World Cancer Day
The World Cancer Day is being marked annually on February 4 by the Union for
International Cancer Control. The day is being marked from 2008. The day is observed
by the United Nations as well. The theme of this year’s World Cancer Day is
1. Highlights
According to WHO, every year 8.8 million people die of cancer in low- and middle-income
countries. The World Cancer Day is marked to reduce illness and death caused by
cancer.
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2. Union for International Cancer Control
It is a Non-Governmental Organization that was formed in 1933. The headquarters of the
organization is located in Geneva, Switzerland. The organization works towards reducing
global cancer burden and to integrate cancer control measures into world health
agenda.
26. Facts Box: World Wetlands Day
The World Wetlands Day is marked on February 2 by the Ramsar Secretariat with
financial support from Danone Group.
1. Highlights
The World Wetland Day is being marked since 1997. February 2 was chosen as the
Ramsar Convention was signed on this day in 1971.
2. Significance of the theme

The world wetlands are disappearing three times faster than that of the forests.
Therefore, this year theme focuses on promoting actions to reverse the losses.
3. Importance of Wetlands
The day is important to create awareness about the importance of wetlands. The
wetlands provide habitat to several species, acts as a buffer zone against flooding and
storms. Above all, wetlands act as natural filter of water. They break down harmful
pollutants and transform them into pure elements.
4. RAMSAR Convention
The Convention is named after the Ramsar city of Iran where it was signed. The
convention works closely with 6 partners namely Birdlife International, WWF
International, International Water Management Institute, International Union for
Conservation of Nature and Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust.
27. Australian Open: Novak Djokovic won the title for the eighth time
The Serbian Player Novak Djokovic captured the Australian Open Title of 2020 in Men’s
single. Sofia Kenin won Women’s singles at the tournament. Rajeev Ram teamed up with
Joe Salisbury won the Men’s doubles.
1. Australia Open
The Australia Open 2020 was held at Melbourne. It is the first of the four Grand Slam
tennis tournaments held every year. The other 3 Grand Slams include Wimbledon,
French Open and US open. So far Australian Open has been conducted in 5 cities namely
Melbourne, Adelaide, Sydney, Perth and Sydney. In 1906, it was conducted at the New
Zealand city Christchurch and in 1912 at Hastings.
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2. Grand Slam
The Grand Slam title offers most ranking points. The Australian Open is held in January,
French Open in May-June, Wimbledon in June-July and US Open in August-September.
The Grand Slam tournaments are operated by the International Tennis Federation.
3. International Tennis Federation

It was founded in 1913. It maintains rules of tennis and regulates international
tournaments. It also preserved sports integrity conducting anti-doping and anti-
corruption programmes.
28. PMMVY awards: Madhya Pradesh wins; Manipur won among NE

states
On February 3, 2020, the Ministry of Women and Child Development awarded Pradhan
Mantri Matru Vandhana Yojana (PMMVY) awards to states and Union Territories and
Districts. The award function was organized to promote competitive federalism among
the states.
1. Highlights: Best Performance since inception

Under this, in the category of more than 1 crore population, Madhya Pradesh bagged the
award followed by Andhra Pradesh and Haryana at second and third position
respectively.
2. Highlights: Best Performance in Matru Vandana Saptah

In the category of states and UTs with population more than 1 crore, Andhra Pradesh,
Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh stood at first, second and third places respectively.
3. PMMVY
The PMMVY has so far benefitted 1.28 crore beneficiaries. It has transferred Rs 5280
crores through Direct Benefit Transfer scheme.
29. Supreme Court directs states to set up Gram Nyayalayas
On February 3, 2020, the Supreme Court of India directed the states to establish “Gram
Nyayalayas” within four weeks’ time span. The apex court has directed the
corresponding state high courts to expedite the process of consultation with the state
governments.
1. Highlights
The Gram Nyayalayas act, 2008 was passed to provide establishment of Gram
Nyayalayas at the grass root level. The main objective of the judicial body is to provide
inexpensive justice in rural areas.
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2. Current Scenario of the States
According to the report presented by the Advocate, Goa has issued two notification to
establish the Gram Nyayalayas. However, none are functioning at the moment. Haryana
had issued notification for 3 and Currently only two are functioning.
30. India develops new Vaccine to control Swine Fever
The ICAR (Indian Council of Agricultural Research)’s Indian Veterinary Research Institute
(IVRI) has developed cell culture Classical Swine Fever vaccine.
1. Significance
The vaccine will help to save several rabbits. This is because the current vaccine called
the Lapinised CSF (Classical Swine Fever) being used is produced by sacrificing large
number of rabbits.
2. Need
The deadly fever in pigs contribute to 10% of the country’s total meat production. The
CSF is one of the deadliest diseases of pigs that is causing loss of Rs 400 crores to India
annually. It is also one of the reasons for the swine population to decline in 2019 as
compared to the previous census 2012.
3. Current Scenario
The total requirement of the vaccine in India is 22 million doses per year. However,
hardly 1.2 million doses are being produced currently. This is because, only 50 doses can
be produced from a rabbit spleen.
31. New Natural Gas Reserves discovered in UAE
On February 2, 2020, the United Arab Emirates discovered shallow natural gas reserves
of about 80 trillion cubic feet. The reserve was discovered between the Emirates of Abu
Dhabi and Dubai.
1. Highlights
In November 2019, UAE announced the discovery of 7 billion barrels of oil. This raised
the crude reserves of the country to 105 billion barrels making it the sixth largest in the
world. IT had also announced the discovery of 58 trillion cubic feet of gas. This puts the
total reserves of natural gas of UAE to 273 trillion cubic feet conventional gas and 160
trillion cubic feet unconventional gas.
2. UAE
The UAE is formed by seven Emirates namely Dubai, Abu Dhadi, Ajman, Sharjah, Ras Al-
Khaimah, Fujairah and Umm Al-Quwain. Around 30% of the GDP of the country is directly
based on oil and gas.
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3. India-UAE
The India-UAE bilateral trade currently stands at 59.9 billion USD. India is the third
largest investor in UAE. There are more than 2 million Indian population living and
working in UAE. The total remittances from UAE to India in the year 2009 was 10 to 12
billion USD. This is one-third of the total remittances received by India and also highest
among all the GCC countries.
32. WHO report: Cancer Cases to increase by 81% in 2040
While the world marked World Cancer Day on February 4, 2020, the World Health
Organization released its report on Cancer.
1. Highlights
According to the report, the cancer cases will increase by 81% by 2040. This is mainly
due to lack of investment. The report says that it is essential to invest 25 billion USD in
the next decade to save millions of lives.
2. Tobacco in India
According to WHO, there are 120 million smokers in India. This is 12% of world smoker.
The number of tobacco smokers in India grew by 36% between 1998 and 2015.
3. National Tobacco Control Programme

The Programme is currently being implemented in 612 districts. It aims at bringing
awareness about tobacco control laws and harmful effects of tobacco usage.
February 5, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
33. Western Railways begins branding of its locomotives to improves its

non-freight revenue
On February 3, 2020, the Western Railways launched out branding of electric

locomotives for the first time. This will help the Railways earn additional revenue of 1.05
crores of rupees.
1. Highlights
Around 10 locomotives have been branded so far. Railways has earned 223.53 crores of
rupees from non-fare revenues. The step being initiated as the passenger fares dipped
by 400 crores of rupees. The Western Railways is also facing deficit in freight loading.
Therefore, branding is essential and will help to fill in the deficit faced by the Western
Railways.
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2. Indian Railways
The total revenue of Indian Railways is 1.97 lakh crores (2018-19). Apart from
transporting freight and passengers, the Railways also earn from UNESCO World
Heritage Sites.
3. Indian Railways’s UNESCO World Heritage Site

Indian Railways has two UNESCO World Heritage Site. It includes Mountain Railways of
India and Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus. The Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj
Terminus was built by the Britishers between 1878 and 1887.
34. Udyanotsav inaugurated by the President at Rashtrapati Bhavan
On February 4, 2020, President Ram Nath Kovind inaugurated Udyanotsav at Rashtrapati

Bhavan. The Mughal Gardens will be opened to the public between February 5, 2020 and
March 8, 2020.
1. Highlights
The main highlights of the Udyanotsav of 2020 are Exotic flowers, tulips and bulbous
flowers. Online booking to visit the gardens has been availed for the citizens in the
website of Rashtrapati Bhavan.
2. Mughal Gardens
The Mughal Gardens have been built in the Persian Style. It was influenced by the
Charbagh structure. Charbagh is a quadrilateral layout of gardens that is mentioned in
Quran. The most famous examples of this type of garden are the Chahrbagh-e-Abbasi in
Iran and the Taj Mahal in India.
3. Rashtrapti Bhavan
Rashtrapti Bhavan is the largest residence of any head of the state in the world. The
Construction was ordered by the Governor-General of Fort William. It was constructed
between 1799 and 1803.
35. WHO on Corona Virus: Virus is not yet pandemic
The World Health Organization on February 4, 2020 announced that the Corona virus
disease has not yet become pandemic. The disease has so far killed 425 people and has
infected more than 20,000. Hong Kong recently reported death due to the virus. It is the
first country outside China to report death.
1. Highlights
Though the disease spreads through sneezes, coughs and direct contact, the disease has
not yet become pandemic.
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2. What is Pandemic?
An Epidemic disease spread over a large region is pandemic. Currently, the WHO list of
pandemics include HIV, 2009 flu, Spanish flu and H1N1. Previously small pox and
Tuberculosis were also included under Pandemics. The most devastating pandemics in
the world was Black Death that killed more than 100 million people in the world.
3. Possible Future Pandemics

According to WHO, the antibiotic resistant micro-organisms called the superbugs may re-
emerge as possible pandemics.
36. East Asia Summit on Maritime Cooperation to be held in Chennai
The Ministry of External Affairs is to organize East Asia Summit in Chennai between
February 6, 2020 and February 7, 2020. This is the fifth time the conference is being
held in India. The first conference was organized in Delhi in 2015, second in Goa in 2016,
third in Bhubaneswar in 2018. In 2019, the fourth conference was held in Bangkok.
1. Highlights
The conference is to be held in cooperation with the governments of Australia and
Indonesia. More than 100 participants are expected to participate. The Conference will
bring upon understanding of all the partners. It will foster the spirit of openness and
inclusion.
2. About the Summit

The Summit is held annually by 16 nations in the East Asia, South Asia and South East
Asia. The first such summit was held in Kuala Lumpur in 2005. US and Russia are also a
part of the summit.
37. India-South Korea hold meeting to enhance Bilateral Security

Cooperation
On January 4, 2020, the defence ministers of India and South Korea discussed ways to
enhance bilateral security cooperation in the field of defence industries and research
and development.
1. Highlights
During the defence ministers meet held between India and South Korea, several possible
areas of cooperation in the field of defence industry were listed. The countries also
discussed about investment in Defence Industrial Corridors in Tamil Nadu and Uttar
Pradesh.
2. Defence Industrial Corridors

The Government of India has set up Defence Industrial Corridor in Uttar Pradesh and
Tamil Nadu. The Corridors facilitate efficient industrial base and aims at increasing
defence production in the country. They aim at ensuring connectivity between different
defence industrial units.
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3. Significance
It is essential for India to maintain cordial relations with South Korea for its strategic
location in China Sea. Also, India is currently developing strong military hardware
cooperation with South Korea. Indian Army has inducted K-9 Vajra howitzers that has
roots in South Korea. K9 is currently deployed in the border of Pakistan.
38. National Productivity Council study: Fertilizer use reduced by 10%

with the use of soil cards
The study conducted by the National Productivity Council has reported that the use of
soil cards has reduced the fertilizer use by 10% in the country. The study also reported
that the productivity has increased by 5-6% due to soil card. This is mainly because the
soil card scheme aims at addressing the issue of declining soil nutrient.
1. Soil Health Card

The Soil Health Card Scheme was launched by the Modi Government in 2014-15 in order
to address the issue of declining soil nutrients. In 2015-17, the scheme distributed 10.74
crores of soil health cards. Between 2017 and 2019, 11.69 crores of cards have been
distributed.
2. Development of Model Villages

In the Fiscal year 2019, the scheme of Development of Model Villages is being
implemented. The scheme aims at sampling and testing of cultivable soil. The scheme
has so far distributed 13.53 lakh soil health cards in the year 2019-20. It has established
soil health laboratories
39. DefExpo 2020: India’s target in Defence Sector is 5 billion USD in

next 5 years
The 11th edition of DefExpo (Defence Exhibition) was inaugurated by PM Modi on

February 5, 2020. At the inaugural speech, PM Modi announced that India will work
towards increasing its Defence economy to 5 billion USD.
1. Highlights
India announced at the DefExpo that it has aimed to develop 25 products based on
Artificial Intelligence in next 5 years. India recently shifted towards “Assemble in India”
from “Make in India”. Therefore, the new mantra was coined at the DefExpo called
“Make in India, for India and for the world”. This is because, “Assemble in India” aims at
importing raw materials and assembling in India and exporting the finished goods to
different parts of the world.
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2. Targets set
India had already set an export target of Rs 35,000 crores in next 5 years. At the
DefExpo, India has announced to improve the sector to 5 billion USD sector. India is very
much capable of achieving such ambitious targets. This is because in the last two years
the defence exports of the country has been increased to Rs 17,000 crores.
40. DefExpo 2020: Uttar Pradesh is to sign 23 MoUs and create 3 lakh
job opportunities
The DefExpo was inaugurated by PM Modi on February 5, 2020. During the Defence
Exhibition the Uttar Pradesh Government is to sign 23 MoUs. The agreements will bring
in Rs 50,000 crores of investment. This will bring in job opportunities to 3 lakh people.
1. Highlights
The DefExpo 2020 being held in Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh) is the biggest ever Defence
Exhibition. The Exhibition aims at making India a technological power house through
initiatives such as Start up India, Skill India and Make in India.
2. Governmental Measures
In order to boost the defence sector, the Indian Government has taken several
measures. It has liberalized the FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) to 49% through direct
route. Also, GoI liberalized the FDI through government route to 100%.
3. About DefExpo
The DefExpo is biennial event organized by Ministry of Defence. The 11th edition of the
event promises to bring in new technological solutions. Defence Ministers from 40
countries are attending the event.
41. Cabinet approves amendment to bring Cooperative Banks under RBI

Regulation
On February 5, 2020, the Union Cabinet approved to bring regulation of cooperative

banks under Reserve Bank of India. In order to achieve this, the Cabinet approved
amendments to Banking regulation act.
1. Highlights
According to the amendment, the cooperative banks will now hold the regulatory
requirements that have been set for scheduled commercial banks. With the amendment,
the cooperative banks have to conduct regulatory commands over cooperative banks.
Also, it has to take the approval of RBI in order to appoint its CEO.
2. Background
In September 2019, the RBI imposed sanctions on Punjab and Maharashtra Cooperative
Banks (PMC). The withdrawal limit in the banks were set to Rs 1000. Later, it was
increased to Rs 50,000 to ease the distress of the customers.
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42. India Russia sign first ever Term Contract to import crude oil to India
On February 5, 2020, the Minister of Petroleum and Natural Gas Shri Dharmendra
Pradhan and the Chairman of Rosneft (Russia’s largest oil producing company) signed
the first ever term contract. According to the contract India will import 2 million metric
tonnes of Urals grade crude oil.
1. Highlights
The agreement was signed between IOCL and Rosneft. The companies discussed on
energy cooperation and hydrocarbon enhancement.
2. India and Russia Oil Ties

After the crude oil agreement, India and Russia are also looking for ways to sign
agreements to bring LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) supplies from Russia. Russia is
estimated to posses 10 to 14 billion tonnes of oil and 15 trillion cubic metres of gas. The
rich resources of Russia extends till Serbia in Pacific Ocean in the far East region.
February 6, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
43. The Direct Tax Vivad Se Vishwas bill introduced in Lok Sabha by the
Finance Minister
The Finance Minister Nirmala Sitaraman proposed the scheme Vivad Se Vishwas Scheme
in the Union Budget 2020. In order to implement the scheme, the minister introduced a
bill in Lok Sabha on February 5, 2020. The main objective of the scheme is to
1. Highlights
The scheme aims to settle the pending cases on direct taxes. The scheme is very similar
to the “Indirect Tax, Sabka Vishwas Scheme” introduced by the minister in her previous
budget in 2019. The Sabka Vishwas scheme aimed to settle down the disputes related to
service tax and excise duty payments
2. Key Features
The Vivad Se Vishwas Scheme aims to resolve 483,000 direct tax disputes. The scheme
provides waivers on interest if the disputed tax was paid before 31st March, 2020. The
scheme also increases the dead line to June 30, 2020 for those tax payers who have not
paid their taxes by March 31, 2020. However, such taxpayers will have to pay 10% more
tax.
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44. Pink City-Jaipur receives World Heritage Certificate from UNESCO
On February 5, 2020, the Pink City of Rajasthan, Jaipur, received World Heritage
Certificate from the UNESCO. The UNESCO Director General Audrey Azoulay visited India
to present the certificate.
1. Highlights
The World Heritage Certificate was presented to Jaipur for the efforts of the people of the
pink city towards preserving its cultural heritage. Jaipur’s Parkota has been listed in the
World Heritage sites of UNESCO.
2. Intelligence Heritage Promotion Project

The Project is being implemented by UNESCO in 10 cities of Rajasthan, It includes
Barmer, Jodhpur, Bikaner, Jaisalmer, etc.
3. Why Jaipur?
Jaipur is known for its palaces, architecture, forts. The architecture in the city reflected
inclusion of Mughal, Persian and Hindu designs. In order to preserve this cultural mixture
of the city, UNESCO and the Rajasthan Tourism Department have signed an agreement.
4. Selection Criteria
The World Heritage Sites are selected on the basis of four natural criteria and six cultural
criteria. They are as follows
45. Atal Innovation Mission joins with several ministries to stimulate

innovation in India
On February 5, 2020, the Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) joined hands with several
ministries such as MSME, agriculture, food processing and also with NITI Aayog to
stimulate innovation in India. The mission aimed to showcase government funded
innovations.
1. Highlights
In order to achieve its objective, AIM began its first demo session with the Ministry of
Food Processing and Ministry of Agriculture. The event was held at Atal Incubation
Centre. More than 30 government supported technologies of agriculture and food
processing were exhibited on the occasion. The ministries will adopt the technologies
and train farmers and the youths to set up processing units.
2. Significance
The step is being initiated as India is facing post-harvest crop processing. The mission
aims to increase the food processing capacity of India. Currently, 10% of the food items
are sold as processed foods. The mission aims to increase this to 50%. This will mainly
help to increase farmers’ income and help India achieve its doubling farmers’ income
goal by 2022.
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46. Cabinet approves to set up Vardhavan port in Maharashtra
On February 5, 2020, the Union Cabinet approved to set up the Vardhavan port in
Maharashtra. The port is to be developed in “Landlord Model”. The Jawaharlal Nehru Port
Trust will act as the lead partner in developing the port.
1. Highlights
With the development of Vardhavan port, India will enter into the category of countries
with top 10 container ports in the world. The Jawaharlal Nehru Port (JNP) is the biggest
container port in India and 28th in the world. The port handles more than 5.1 million
TEUS (Twenty-foot Equivalent units).
2. Significance of Vardhavan port

Currently JNP operates India’s largest port and caters Maharashtra, Gujarat, Karnataka,
Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh. However, it is essential to deepen the port to
accommodate largest container ships in the world.
47. Karnataka launches Janasevaka Scheme
On February 5, 2020, the State Government of Karnataka launched Janasevaka scheme.

The Government aims to provide doorstep government services under the scheme. Also,
it intends to digitize several services and make these services easily available to the
citizens through the scheme.
1. Highlights
Under the scheme, the government has launched an exclusive mobile number (080-
44554455), a website (janasevaka.karnataka.gov.in) and mobile application. People can
check around 53 services in the site.
2. Features of the scheme

The scheme offers to provide health card, ration card, marriage registration certificate,
identity card, etc. at the door steps under the scheme. A Jan Sevak is appointed to
deliver the services under the scheme
3. Jan Sevak
As the citizen places his request of service through the government website, a Jan Sevak
is assigned to deliver the service. The Jan Sevak will reach the residence of the citizen,
collect required documents and deliver the service at his door step.
4. Cost
The Cost of the service is Rs 115. This amount does not include the cost of
documentation. The scheme is to be implemented in Bengaluru. Depending on the work
load, it is to be extended to the rest of Karnataka.
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48. Intellectual Property Index: India ranks 40th
On February 5, 2020, the Global Innovation Policy Centre (GIPC) of the US Chamber of
Commerce released the International IP (Intellectual Property) Index. According the
ranking, India was at position 40 of the 53 economies.
The report released by GIPC says that India remains to be the most challenging but still
promising market for IP-intensive industries. The hurdles mainly remain in patent
eligibility and enforcement.
With a score of 42.66 US ranked first followed by UK, Sweden, France, Germany and
Ireland.
3. Indian Patents Act, 2005

The amendments introduced in Indian Patents Act, 2005 are considered the main reason
for the pace of development in the field of Intellectual property being slowed down. The
major amendment of the act includes Section 3 (d). Under the amendment, the act
made licensing compulsory for a third party to make an innovative drug at reduced
price, especially in the interest of public health.
49. Cabinet approves to give status of Institution of National Importance

to 5 IIITs
On February 5, 2020, the Union Cabinet approved to confer the status of Institution of
National Importance to 5 IIITs (Indian Institute of Information Tecnology). All the 5 IIITs
are to operate in PPP mode.
1. Highlights
The Cabinet approved the Information Technology Laws (Amendment) bill, 2020.
According to the bill, five IIITs along with 15 other IIITs are to be declared as Institutions
of National Importance and will hold powers to awards degrees of Bachelor of
Technology, Master of Technology, BTech and PhD degree.
2. Features of the bill

The bill will grant statutory status to 5 IIITs that are operating in PPP mode at Bhopal,
Surat, Bhagalpur, Agartala and Raichur. There are already 15 IIITs that are currently
operating under PPP model. There are 5 IIITs in India that were set up by the Ministry of
Human Resource Development. This means that complete funding for the institute
comes from GoI. No private parties are involved. It includes IIITs in Gwalior, Jabalpur,
Kancheepuram, Allahabad and Kurnool.
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50. Rakhi Halder wins gold medal at the Women’s National Weightlifting
Championship
On February 6, 2020, Rakhi Halder of West Bengal won Senior Weightlifting

Championship. She bagged gold medal in the 64 kg category at the 35th National
Weight lifting Championship held in Kolkata.
1. Highlights
Halder lifted 117 kg in clean and jerk and 93 kg in snatch to win the medal. She was 10
kgs ahead of her rival Harjinder Kaur from Chandigarh.
2. Rakhi Halder
Rakhi Halder ranked 19th in the Olympic qualifier list. Her best was 218 kg at the Qatar
International Cup that won her a bronze medal. In 2019, she clinched gold medal at the
Commonwealth Championship lifting 214 kg. Halder is a Railway employee.
3. Weightlifting
The sport of weightlifting is related to the strength and technique of a player. A good
weightlifter will lift three times their weight.
51. US President Donald Trump acquitted at the Senate
On February 5, 2020, US President Donald Trump who had been impeached by the
House of Representatives has been acquitted at the Senate trial. He now becomes the
third President in the US history to be impeached by House of Representatives and
acquitted by the Senate. The other two Presidents were Bill Clinton in 1999 and Andrew
Johnson in 1868.
1. Highlights
Mr Trump was accused of charges that he had sought help from Ukraine to bolster his
2020 re-election. The Supreme Court Judge who presided over the trial adjudged the
case as two-thirds of the senators pronounced him not guilty.
2. US President Impeachment
The Constitution of United States authorizes the House of Representatives to remove a
US President over a simple majority vote. At the house of Senate, the President is
impeached through a trial presided over by the Chief Justice of Supreme Court that
requires two-thirds majority.
3. India
The Impeachment Procedure of President of India is provided in the Article 61 of the
Indian Constitution. In India the President shall be impeached for violating Constitution of
India.
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52. RBI releases bi-monthly policy: Repo rate unchanged
On February 6, 2020, the Reserve Bank of India released its bi-monthly monetary policy.
The apex bank has kept the policy repo rate unchanged. It remains at 5.15%.
1. Observations of the Committee

The Monetary Policy Committee that meets once in two months under the chairmanship
of its Governor has made the following observations
2. Economic Slowdown
According to RBI, the economic slow down is mainly due to muted corporate
investments, weak household spending and slowdown in construction and
manufacturing activity.
February 8, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
53. DRDO signs agreement with Russia’s Rosoboronexport at the

DefExpo, 2020
On February 7, 2020, DRDO (Defence Research Development Organization) signed an

agreement with Rosobornexport of Russia. According to the agreement the defence
organization will develop Advanced Pyrotechnic Ignition Systems for missile propulsion
1. Highlights
The agreement was signed with the HEMRL (High Energy Materials Research Laboratory)
of DRDO. HEMRL is working towards the development of spectrum of high energy
materials that are required for rockets, missiles and guns.
2. Rosoboronexports
The Rosoboronexports is the intermediary agency for imports and exports of defence
goods and technologies of Russia. It was founded in 2000. It implements the Defence
Policies of the Russian Government.
54. MPEDA to upgrade 25 fishing harbours in India
The Marine Products Export Development Authority (MPEDA) will modernize 25 fishing
harbours in India. The project is to begin in two harbours namely Nizampatnam in
Andhra Pradesh and Thoppumpady in Kochi, Kerala.
1. Highlights
The step is being taken by MPEDA to increase value of marine products. The value of
marine products in India is currently around 5% as compared to 50% in South East Asian
countries.
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2. Corona Virus Concern
The current Corona Virus has not affected the sea food industry to great level. This is
because, it is restricted to Wuhan province of china. However, it has affected the
discussions on White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV). High level Indian delegates were to
travel to China to discuss WSSV. The discussion has been postponed.
3. India-China Sea Food

The Indian Exports of sea food to China was around 1 billion USD (November 2019).
However, it declined due to the WSSSV issues.
4. MPEDA
The MPEDA has set a target to touch 10 billion USD of exports by 2022.
55. India International Seafood Show held in Kochi
The Marine Products Export Development Authority Organized International Sea Food
Show in Kochi. Around 5,000 delegates participated in the show. The show will provide a
platform for overseas importers of Indian marine products and also for Indian exporters.
1. Highlights
Around 350 stalls, 200 exhibitors and 5,000 delegates are to participate at the event.
The show was previously held in Goa in January 2018. The show was organized under the
theme
2. Significance
The show aims to increase the seafood trade of India in global market from 4.1% to 6.7%
by 2030.
3. Fisheries Sector
The Global Fisheries sector contribute to 1% of world GDP. The total world population
involved in fisheries industry is 40.5 million.
56. 14 MoUs signed at 5th India-Russia Industrial Conference
India and Russia signed 14 Memorandum of Understandings at the India-Russia

Industrial Conference held at DefExpo 2020, Lucknow. The Agreements were signed
under Make in India initiative.
1. Highlights
The countries signed agreements related to ASW rocket launchers, T-72, radar systems,
3D modeling, T-90.
2. India-Russia at multilateral organizations

 The National Security Advisor attended the BRICS Foreign Ministers meet in June 2019. He
met President Putin, the Russian President on the sidelines of the meet to strengthen defence
ties between the countries
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 At the SCO (Shanghai Cooperation Organization), India participated at the fifth edition of the
biennial joint military counter terrorist command for the first time in August 2018.
 Russia has been one of the long-standing supporters of India’s membership at the Nuclear
Suppliers Group.
 Russia welcomes One Belt One Road initiative of China.
 Russia also welcomes the International North-South Transport Corridor that was held in March
2019. It is a 7,2000 km long international multi-node rail, road and ship route between
Europe and Central Asia. It includes India, Russia, Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Armenia and
Europe.
57. Sharang artillery Gun inducted into Indian Army
The Sharang Artillery Gun is to be inducted into Indian Army on February 8, 2020. The
artillery guns are currently produced at the Kanpur ordnance factory.
1. Highlights
The Sharang artillery guns have been upgraded from 130 mm to 155 mm. Also, the
hitting range of the gun system has been increased from 12 kilo metres to 39 kilo
metres. It was tested at the Balasore DRDO facility in January 2019.
2. Background
In October 2018, Ministry of Defence and the state-owned Ordnance Factory Board
signed agreements to upgrade the artillery guns. The Sharang upgrade kit costs less
than 7- lakh rupees per gun.
3. Ordnance Factory Board (OFB)

The Ordnance Factory Board was set up in 1775 at Fort William, Kolkata. The Board
governs around 41 factories of India at 24 different location. There are 10 such factories
in Maharashtra, 9 in UP, 6 in MP, 6 in TN, 4 in West Bengal, 2 in Uttaranchal, 1 in
Telangana, Chandigarh, Bihar and Odisha.
58. Bandhan: Transfer of Technology Ceremony held at DefExpo
On February 7, 2020, the transfer of technology ceremony was held at DefExpo 2020.
According to the agreement, the organization transferred 15 licenses to 17 industries.
The licenses transferred were all on technologies developed by DRDO. The ceremony
was named Bandhan.
1. Highlights
The transfer of technologies is in the field of laser technology, electronics, armaments,
material science, naval systems, combat vehicles, sensors and aeronautics. In the year
2019, around 114 technologies were transferred.
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2. Why UP in specific?
The GoI is currently targeting to increase the exports of Defence Sector. In order to
achieve this, it is encouraging private firms to increase their defence production. The UP
state government has allocated land in the Defence Corridors for the private sectors to
build defence industries.
3. Other Key takeaways

The 11th edition of DefExpo 2020 being held at Lucknow is the largest of all the defence
exhibition held so far. So far, the DefExpo has launched 13 products, 71 MoUs and 18
transfer of technologies. More than 200 agreements have been signed. The Uttar
Pradesh Government alone has signed 23 MoUs of worth Rs 50,000 crores.
59. Pangolin identified as the host of Corona Virus in China
On February 7, 2020, the most trafficked mammal of Asia, Pangolin was identified as the
host of the virus by the researchers of China. According to them, the outbreak that killed
around 636 people in China has started from a market in Wuhan city through Pangolin.
1. Highlights
The Genome sequence of the corona virus separated from Pangolin was 99% identical to
those of the virus stains obtained from infected persons in China. Earlier in 2002-03,
when the SARS outbreak occurred, the virus transferred to humans from civet (a
mammal). Civet is prized in China for its flesh. The sale of Civet was outlawed in China in
the wake of SARS epidemic.
2. Pangolin
There are 8 species of Pangolins all over the world. They are listed under threatened in
IUCN red list. Pangolins have the highest protection under CITES. The international trade
of Pangolins has been banned.
60. WHO organizes Global Research Forum on Corona Virus
The World Health Organization is to host Global Research Forum between February 11,
2020 and February 12, 2020. The event is to be co-hosted by Global Research
Collaboration for Infectious Disease Preparedness.
1. Highlights
The event will bring together leading public health agencies, leading scientists, funders.
The experts will build their research on MERS and SARS virus information. This will help
to minimize the impact of the virus. The main aim of the forum is to fasten the research
and innovation of corona virus.
2. Current Scenario
There are more than 34,915 reported corona virus cases all over the world. The virus has
so far killed 724. Around 2,085 have recovered.
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3. India’s recent Actions
The Ministry of Shipping on February 7, 2020 issued directives to prevent the virus from
entering India. The Ministry has placed screening, detection and quarantine system. It
will also install thermal scanners. This will be highly helpful to screen passengers
entering India through cruises. The Tourism sector is currently vulnerable to the virus,
especially in Kerala.
61. RBI to release Digital Payment Index by July 2020
The Reserve Bank of India announced that it will create a Digital Payment Index by July
2020. The main aim of the index creation is to capture the extent of digitization of
monetary payments in the country
1. Highlights
With the launch of Digital India and the GoI’s push towards Digital Economy, the digital
payments in the country has been growing fast. In order to monitor the digital payments,
the Central Bank is to release Digital Payment Index. The index will reflect the
penetration of digital payments in the country.
2. Significance
The Index will help to study the impact of policy interventions that are being taken by
the GoI.
3. Factors influencing digital growth in India

The five factors that are influencing digital growth in India includes low data tariffs, rise
in videos, widespread use of OTT (Over-the-top) platforms. Today India ranks the highest
in video making platform.
February 9, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
62. India-Central Asia Business Council launched in New Delhi
The Ministry of External Affairs along with FICCI (Federation of Indian Chambers of
Commerce and Industry) recently launched the India-Central Asia Business Council. They
were joined by 5 countries namely Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan and
Kyrgyz Republic. The Council will act as a common platform for the businesses of Central
Asia and India.
45
1. Highlights
According to the External Ministry trade between the countries stand at 2 billion USD.
The Council discussed on making the Chabahar port commercially attractive. The Council
will also aim at promoting trade and investment between India and the four countries.
They will focus on oil and gas, renewable and non-renewable energy, life sciences,
pharmaceutical, agro-food processing, IT, urban infrastructure, tourism and transport.
2. Background
The Council is the outcome of India and Central Asia Dialogue that was held in
Samarkand, Uzbekistan in 2019. The Dialogue and the Council formed are part of India’s
Central Asia Policy. Under Central Asia Policy India aims to build strong political relations
and will aim to strengthen security cooperation.
63. DefExpo: India-UK sign MoU to strengthen Defence and Aerospace

Relations
The Society of Indian Defence Manufacturers (SIDM) and UK India Business Council
(UKIBC) signed Memorandum of Understanding to bring upon closer defence ties
between the countries. The agreement was signed at DefExpo that is being held in
Lucknow.
1. Highlights
The MoU was signed to build partnership between Aerospace and Defence sector of the
countries. It will also help in transfer of technologies between the countries. The defence
industries of both the countries will work together to form strong economic and industrial
cooperation.
2. UK-India Business Council

The Council is a non-profit organization that fosters trade relations between India and
UK. The Council was formed in 1993 as the Indo British Partnership. It is a sister
organization of UK-ASEAN Business Council.
3. India-UK
India is the third largest foreign investor of UK. The number of Indian students studying
in UK is the second largest in the world after US.
64. First Disha Police Station inaugurated in Andhra Pradesh to work on

violence against women
On February 8, 2020, Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister Jagan Mohan Reddy inaugurated the
first Disha Police Station. The police stations are first of their kind in the state and will
deal with crimes against women.
46
1. Highlights
The Andhra Pradesh Government is to inaugurate 18 Disha Police Stations by the end of
February 2020. Every police station is to add 26 to 47 police officers. The 18 Disha police
stations will act as upgraded versions of existing women police stations. The stations
have been allocated fund of 30% of special allowance. The stations are established
under Disha act, 2019.
2. Disha Act
In December 2019, the Andhra Pradesh Government passed the Disha Bill, 2019. The bill
aims to complete investigation of cases related to crimes against women within 7 to 14
days. It also prescribes death penalty under Section 376 of IPC (Indian Penal Code).
3. Background
The act was passed after a 26-year-old veterinarian was brutally raped and murdered in
Telangana.
65. BBIN nations deliberated on MoU to implement Motor Vehicle

Agreement
On February 8, 2020, the BBIN (Bangladesh, Bhutan, India and Nepal) nations
deliberated MoU (Memorandum of Understanding) to implement the Motor Vehicle
Agreement to regulate personal, passenger and cargo vehicular traffic.
1. Highlights
The meeting discussed on cargo and protocols to regulate passenger and cargo services.
Bhutan attended the meeting as an observatory nation. The regulation was signed on
June 15, 2015. The agreement was delayed as Bhutan being a carbon negative country
did not ratify it.
2. Current Scenario
The other three countries Nepal, Bangladesh and India are to go ahead on implementing
the agreement with Bhutan as an observer. The agreement facilitates road transport and
discusses various aspects of draft protocol to move the cargo vehicles. The agreement
will aid India in implementing its Neighbourhood First Policy.
3. Funds
The financial support to implement BBIN Motor Vehicular Agreement is being funded by
Asian development Bank. The bank provides advisory, technical and financial support to
the BBIN MVA initiative.
66. National Conference on E-Governance held in Mumbai; National E-

Governance Awards presented
The 23rd National Conference on E-Governance was held in Mumbai to transform

governance using digital technologies. The conference adopted Mumbai Declaration.
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1. Highlights
The Conference also assessed the national e-governance services being delivered by all
the states and Union Territories. Delhi, Chandigarh and Daman and Diu emerged as the
leaders in delivering e-governance services among Union Territories. Among the states,
Haryana and Rajasthan emerged as leaders.
2. Awards
The awards were presented to government entities that excelled in implementing
National E-Governance initiatives. National Health Authority and Ayushman Bharat
received gold awards under the category of government process re-engineering for
Digital Transformation. Under the category of providing citizen-centric delivery of
services, Department of IT of Haryana received the gold medal.
67. Facts Box: Lucknow Declaration of India-Africa Defence Ministers’

Conclave
The India-African Nations Defence Ministers’ Conclave was held at the side lines of
DefExpo India 2020. The Conclave adopted Lucknow Declaration in the presence of
Union Defence Minister Rajnath Singh. The Declaration was signed by 50 African Nations.
1. Highlights
Under the declaration, the leaders called on to set up Defence Academies in countries
such as Nigeria, Tanzania and Ethiopia. In order to achieve this, training teams are to be
deployed. The teams are to be deployed in Mauritius, Seychelles, Zambia, Namibia,
Botswana, Lesotho, Tanzania and Uganda.
2. Defence and Maritime Cooperation

The leaders agreed to strengthen their cooperation in building the African Standby
Forces and also to support peace keeping centres in Africa. The African Leaders also
agreed to increase the involvement of troop contribution in UN peace keeping missions.
68. Sri Lankan Prime Minister visits India: Terrorism and Trade discussed
On February 8, 2020, the Sri Lankan Prime Minister Mahinda Rajapaksa held high level
talks with PM Modi during his five-day visit to India. The leaders held talks about
terrorism, trade and economic projects in New Delhi
1. Highlights
The meet will enhance mutual economic trade and investment. The leaders also
discussed improving tourism and connectivity. On the side lines of the meet, PM Modi
announced that India will provide a grant of 400 million USD for developmental projects
in Sri Lanka. The countries also have plans to expand the housing projects undertaken
by India in the island to all parts of the country. India has also allocated 50 million USD
to help the country deal with terrorism.
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2. India-Sri Lanka
The location of Sri Lanka in the Indian Ocean has been strategic geopolitical relevance to
many major powers. The Chinese are building gigantic modern ports in the Indian Ocean.
It includes Hambantota (Sri Lanka), Gwadar (Pakistan), Kyauk Phru (Myanmar) and
Chittagong (Bangladesh).
69. Best Performing Smart Cities paired up with least performing to

work as SISTER CITIES
The Union Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs has paired up 20 best performing smart
cities with least performing cities. They will work as “sister cities”.
1. Highlights
The best performing cities include Tiruppur, Nagpur, Bhopal, Ranchi, Kanpur, Surat,
Indore, Vellore, Vishakhapatnam, Varanasi, Vellore, Nashik, Vadodara, Pune, Kota,
Davangere, Dehradun, Udaipur, Amaravati and Agra.
2. Cities in India
According to Census 2011, cities in India accommodate more than 31% of population of
India. They contribute 63% of GDP. It is expected that their contribution towards GDP is
to increase by 75% by 2030. Therefore, it is important make sustainable developments
in the urban sector adopting innovative technologies.
70. February 9: Ravidas Jayanti celebrated across India
The birth anniversary of the 14th century saint Ravidas was celebrated all over India on
Febraury 9th. PM Modi and President Kovind and other leaders paid tribute to Guru
Ravidas.
1. Highlights
The saint emphasized brotherhood and harmony to bring upon positive change in the
society. His songs are included in Guru Granth Sahib.
2. About Ravidas
Ravidas was an Indian mystic poet. His teachings are highly popular in the states of
Rajasthan, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh. The poet was a
social reformer. His teachings deal with Nirguna-Saguna theme.
3. Nirguna-Saguna
Nirguna is knowledge focused and Saguna is love-focused. These two were alternate
ways of imagining god during the Bhakti Movement.
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4. Bhakti Movement
Bhakti movement began to reform Hinduism. It swept over North and East India between
15th and 17th century. In South India it originated in 18th century. It acted as a catalyst
for the formation of Sikhism. At the end of the movement, salvation that was available
only to men was then available to everyone!
February 10, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
71. Kaamya Karthikeyan: Mumbai Girl becomes the youngest to climb Mt

Aconcagua
On February 9, 2020, Kaamya Karthikeyan became the youngest girl to climb the highest
peak in South America, Mt Aconcagua.
1. Highlights
Kaamya Karthikeyan is a Class VII student studying in Navy Children School. She has set
the record of become the youngest in the world to summit the highest peak of the Andes
Mountain Range, Mt Aconcagua. She has also summited Mt Mentok Kangri II in August
2019.
2. Explorers Grand Slam

It is an adventurer goal to summit 7 highest peaks of the world and also to reach North
Pole and South Pole. The seven summits include Mt Everest, Denali, Aconcagua,
Kilimanjaro, Vinson and two other highest mountain peaks chosen by the designates.
72. Africa Union Summit held at Addis Ababa
The African Union Summit was held in Addis Ababa, capital of Ethiopia to tackle
terrorism in the continent. The Summit is important for India as India has recently signed
the defence agreement, Lucknow Declaration with 50 African countries at DefExpo 2020.
India is planning considerable investment in Defence sector in the regions of African
Union.
1. Highlights
The African leaders met in Addis Ababa to discuss increasing terrorism in Africa. The
leaders met in Addis Ababa under the theme
2. 2019 Major Crises

The Peace and Security Council of the Africa Union intervened with the Sudan’s
Revolution and also helped to produce an agreement between Central African Republic
and the rebels.
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3. African Union
The creation of African Union was revived under the leadership of Libyan head Muammar
Al-Gaddafi. The Union was established through Sirte Declaration.
73. Parth: World’s Cheapest Gun Shot Locator developed by Indian Army
The Indian Army’s College of Military Engineering with a private firm developed the gun
shot locators called “Parth”. These are much cheaper than the ones imported. The
device was showcased at DefExpo 2020.
1. Highlights
The cost of the device developed is around 3 lakhs. When these devices are replaced
with the imported ones, the costs are around Rs 65 lakhs. The device is capable of
locating a bullet from a distance of 400 metres and will help to neutralize in a faster
way.
2. Gunshot Locator
It is the system that locates gunfire and other weapons such as sensors. These devices
are used by security, military, law enforcement and businesses to identify the direction
of gun fires.
3. Significance
The development of these type of equipment are currently important for the Indian
Army. These developments come at a time when the centre has abrogated Article 370.
They are important to keep counter terrorism operations in Kashmir Valley under control.
74. Corona Virus Ranking: India ranks 17 in importing Corona Virus
The researchers of Robert Koch institute in Germany and Humboldt University have
founded mathematical model to predict global spread of novel corona virus cases. India
was ranked 17th in the ranking system. So far three cases have been reported in Kerala.
They are all from Kerala
1. Highlights
In India, among all the cities, cities with international airports namely Mumbai,
Bengaluru, Kolkata, Chennai, Hyderabad and Kochi are at high risks.
2. Current Scenario of Corona Virus

The China National Health Commission recently reported that so far 908 people have
died due to the virus so far. Due to the virus, food prices have hiked by 20.6% in China.
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75. NASA sends probes to map poles of the sun
NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) of the United States and the ESA
(European Space Agency) will send space probes to the sun to map its poles. The solar
orbiter was launched on February 9, 2020.
1. Highlights
The probe will use gravitational influence of the Earth and Venus to position itself at 26
million miles from the sun. It is 95% of distance between the sun and the earth. The
probe will map the poles for the first time. This will help scientists to observe the solar
winds. The solar winds permeate the solar system.
2. Solar Winds
The solar winds are released from the upper atmosphere of the sun. These winds carry
charged particles and magnetic clouds from the sun. These winds are capable of
damaging life on the earth. Therefore, it is important to learn about these winds. They
are now being filtered by the thick atmosphere around the earth.
76. Cauvery Delta of Tamil Nadu declared Protected Agricultural Zone
On February 10, 2020, Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu announced that Cauvery Delta is to
be declared as Protected Special Agricultural Zone. In 2019, the Central Government had
awarded the oil and gas exploration projects in the Cauvery basin. This invoked large
protests amid water crisis in the state. Extraction of hydro carbon requires excess
amount of fresh water.
1. Highlights
With the zone being Agricultural protected Zone, the permission of State government is
required to undertake projects. This infers that oil exploration projects cannot be
undertaken by the private firms without the permission of state government.
2. Agricultural Protection Zone

When a land is announced as Protected Agricultural Zone, it cannot be used for any
other non-agricultural activities.
3. Significance
The Environmental Impact Assessment of 2006 that was recently amended by the
central government gives permission for ONGC and other private firms. And since
Cauvery Delta is rich in Hydrocarbons, it is essential to protect the agricultural land in
the region.
77. NCRB report on women and child trafficking: Mumbai and Kolkata
highest
In 2011, the Supreme Court had constituted a panel to submit its report on children and
women trafficking. The panel submitted its report in 2019. It had recommended NCRB
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(National Crime Records Bureau) to compile data on missing children and women
trafficking. The key findings of the report prepared by NCRB is as follows
1. Findings
The report says that the common causes of trafficking are sexual exploitation, child
labour and domestic help. Mumbai and Kolkata reported maximum number of trafficking.
2. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime

The UNODC Global Report, 2018, reported that the 35% of victims trafficked were for
forced labour. Also, more than half of the reported cases were females.
78. India to host 13th COP of UN’s Conservation of Migratory Species;

PM Modi to inaugurate
The 13th Conference of Parties (COP) of the Convention on Conservation of Migratory

Species of Wild Animals is to be held in India between February 17, 2020 and February
22, 2020. The Conference is called the CMS-COP-13 in short. The Conference is to be
hosted by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change on behalf of India
1. Highlights
India has been designated as the President of the Conference for the next three years.
The representatives from 130 countries are to participate in the conference. The theme
of the conference is as follows
2. Indian Bustard
The Conservation status of Indian Bustard is Critically Endangered in IUCN red list. Their
population has been greatly reduced to 250 individuals in 2008. Their main threats
include poaching, hunting, habitat loss, etc.
3. Significance of India in the conference

Indian Sub-Continent is part of major bird flyway network. It covers areas between Arctic
and Indian Ocean. Also, there are more than 182 migratory water bird species and 29
globally threatened species in India.
79. National Snooker championship: Aditya Mehta defeats multiple time

world champion
Aditya Mehta from Mumbai, Maharashtra won the National Snooker championship held
at Pune. He defeated multiple time world champion Pankaj Advani. In Women’s Snooker
Finals, Vidya Pillai from Madhya Pradesh won the title.
1. History
Snooker is a game played on Billiard board. It originated among the British army officers
stationed in India. The World Snooker Championship is the leading tournament that is
being held since 1927.
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2. Aditya Mehta
Aditya Mehta ranks 49 in the world ranking of Snooker players. He has so far won gold
medals at world level and Asian level games.
3. Cue Sports
There are three main categories of cue sports namely carom billiards, pool and snooker.
Carrom billiards are played without pockets on tables. Pool games are billiard games
that are played on six pocket tables. They are similar to snooker games. The only
difference between the games is that number of balls used in snooker is 22 and in that
of pool is 9.
80. February 10: National Deworming Day
Every year National Deworming Day is observed twice on February 10th and August
10th. The event is observed by Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. The implementing
agency under the ministry is National Health Mission.
1. Highlights
On the Deworming Day, the deworming tablet Albendazole is administered to children.
The event is being observed twice a day since 2015. In the first round, 8.9 crore children
in the age of 1-19 years were covered. Every year, the coverage of children were
increased. In February 2019, 22.12 crore children were infected.
2. Significance
WHO data says that there are around 241 million children in India in the age group of 1
to 14 years that are affected due to parasitic intestinal worms. This says that India
accounts to 28% of total number of children who are at the risk of parasitic intestinal
infections.
February 11, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
81. First Jerusalem-Mumbai festival held in Mumbai
The Jerusalem-Mumbai festival is to be held in Mumbai on February 15, 2020 to promote

artistic and cultural ties between Israel and India. The festival is first of its kind.
1. Highlights
The aim of the festival is to establish links between the cities Jerusalem and Mumbai.
The idea was mooted during PM Modi’s visit to Israel in July 2019. The festival will boost
cultural ties between the countries that will help to boost the partnership between them.
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2. Objective
The main aim of the festival is to promote cooperation between the countries in the field
of music, culinary art and dance.
3. Significance
The festival will act as a common platform for the individuals from cinema, high-
technology and tourism to cooperate, learn from each other and also develop.
4. Background
Israel has so far done similar cooperation with the countries such as Prague, Brussels
and Moscow.
5. Israel-Palestine
India maintains cordial relations between both Israel and Palestine. India urges both the
countries to frame solutions. The “two-state solution” envisioned for the countries aims
to solve the key matter of dispute between the countries. The countries conflict over
boundaries.
82. Ajeya Warrior: India-UK to hold joint military exercise
India-UK hold joint exercise called Ajeya Warrior on February 13, 2020. The exercise is
being held from 2005.
1. Highlights
Around 120 soldiers are to participate in the exercise. This is the fifth edition of the
exercise. The countries will hold the exercise in Salisbury Plains.
2. Salisbury Plains
The Salisbury plains are located in Chalk Plateau. The plains are famous for
archaeological monument Stonehenge.
3. Stonehenge
Stonehenge in England was built in Neolithic and Bronze age between 3000 BC and 2000
BC. It is one of the World Heritage Site of UNESCO. Archaeologists believe that
Stonehenge would have been a burial ground. Deposits of human bones were found in
the site that were dated to 3000 BC.
4. Other Exercises
India and UK hold joint naval exercises called Konkan exercise from 2004. The countries
also hold Indra Dhanush Exercise since 2006. Indra Dhanush is a joint air-to-air exercise.
5. India-UK Defence Ties

The Defence ties between India and UK is limited. India has acquired 123 Hawk
Advanced Jet Trainer aircraft from UK.
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83. Under-19 Cricket World Cup 2020 won by Bangladesh for the first
time
On February 9, 2020, Bangladesh won Under 19 Cricket World Cup organized by

International Cricket Cup (ICC).
1. Highlights
The Bangladesh team beat India to win the ICC U19 title. Bangladesh won the title for
the first time in its history. The tournament was held in South Africa between January 17,
2020 and February 9, 2020.
2. History
The first U19 world cup was held in 1998. Since then the ICC U19 tournament has been
held as a biennial event. India has so far won the tournament four times.
3. ICC
The International Cricket council is the governing body of cricket. IT was founded in 1909
by the representatives from England, Australia and South Africa. The organization
conducts Cricket world Cup and ICC T20 World Cup. The umpires for the matches are
appointed by ICC. It also sets standards for international cricket.
84. United Nations World Pulses Day celebrated in New Delhi
On February 10, 2020 the Union Minister of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare inaugurated
the celebrations of World Pulses Day in New Delhi that aims to increase the production
of pulses.
1. Significance
Pulses are important to improve soil fertility. They help to increase the productivity of
the farmland. They also help to promote farm bio diversity by using intercropping
methods. Also, the pulses help to reduce dependence on synthetic fertilizers as they
naturally introduce nitrogen in the soil.
2. Background
The UN Pulses Day resolution was adopted in 2013 claiming the year 2016 as
International Pulses Day. The day is being celebrated since 2019. By celebrating the day,
the United Nations aim to increase public awareness of environmental and nutritional
benefits of pulses.
3. Pulses Production in India

India became self-sufficient in pulses since 2016-17. In 2018-19, India produced 22
million tonnes of pulses. It is now working to achieve the target of 26.30 million tonnes
by 2018-19.
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85. Web Portal launched to provide star rating of coal mines
The Ministry of coal launched web portal in New Delhi to provide star rating of coal
mines. Based on the star rating the highest scoring mines are to be awarded.
1. Highlights
According to the new system, the mines scoring between 91% and 100% will get 5 star,
below 91% and above 81% will receive 4 star and so on. The coal mines will be provided
with login id to self evaluate themselves by submitting required documents. The mines
are to be rated based on 50 parameters.
2. Current Scenario
India consumes coal predominantly for electricity generation. The other industries that
consume coal include steel and washery, cement industry and sponge iron industry. In
2017-18, India consumed 896.34 million tonnes of coal. However, due to higher demand,
India imported 208 million tonnes of coal in 2017-18.
86. Amazon invests 1.5 billion USD for two Data Centres under Data
Centre Policy of Telangana
The E-Commerce Giant Amazon Web Services has planned to invest 1.5 billion USD to
set up two data centres in Hyderabad. The private firm will be helped by the Telangana
Government under its Data Centre Policy
1. Highlights
The private firm Amazon has set a target of 5 billion USD of global investments for the
next four years. In 2019, the company opened 1.8 million feet office in Gachibowli,
Hyderabad that can accommodate more than 15,000 employees. The office is the first
largest building owned by Amazon outside US.
2. Data Centre Policy

The Government of Telangana has framed a dedicated policy for data centres. Under the
policy, the government will provide incentives to the firms that set up data centres in the
state.
3. Data Centres
Data Centres are dedicated spaces that are used to house computer systems that are
used for data storage purposes. A data centre that is of the size of an industry (like that
to be constructed in Hyderabad) will consume as much electricity as that of a small
town.
87. Public Enterprises Survey: Air India, MTNL, BSNL highest loss
makings PSUs in FY19
On February 10, 2020, the Department of Public Enterprises operating under Ministry of
Heavy Industries tabled the “Public Enterprises Survey” on the parliament. The report
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says that the net profit from the PSUs has increased by 15.5% as compared to the
previous year.
1. Highlights
The survey said that Indian Oil Corporation, NTPC and ONGC were the top three
profitable PSUs in 2018-19. On the other hand, MTNL, BSNL and Air India were the
highest loss-making PSU. Also, the survey noted that these three PSUs have been
making losses for three consecutive years.
2. Relative performance
The enterprises such as MSTC, Chennai Petroleum Corporation and State Trading
Corporation that were making profit last year (2017-18) incurred loss in the fiscal year
2019 (2019-19).
88. Disaster Management Exercise of BIMSTEC NDRF begins in

Bhubaneswar
The National Disaster Response Force of Government of India is to host the second
BIMSTEC Disaster Management Exercise-2020 (BIMSTEC DMEx-2020). The exercise is to
be held in Bhubaneswar, Odisha between February 11, 2020 and February 13, 2020.
1. Highlights
The BIMSTEC countries namely Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka and Nepal are to
participate in the exercise. The other two BIMSTEC countries namely Thailand and
Bhutan are not participating in the exercise this time. The exercise includes Table Top
Exercise on Hotel Myfair. The Hotel is a collapsed structure. On the second day, field
training exercise is to be held on aquatic disaster response that will focus on Ramachndi
beach in Puri. The beach is a cultural heritage site.
2. Theme
The exercise is held under the theme
89. February 11: International Day of Women and Girls in Science
The International Day of Women and Girls in Science is being observed by the United
Nations on February 11 every year since 2015. The Organization passed a resolution to
observe the day in order to recognize the role played by girls and women in science and
technology.
1. Highlights
The day is being celebrated in collaboration with organizations all over the world that
work towards promoting women and girls in the field of science.
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2. Significance
It is important to observe the day because there are only 30% of women researchers all
over the world. Also, their contribution in the field of STEM is also less as compared to
men.
90. Sale of Integrated Air Defence Weapon System to India approved by

US
On February 11, 2020, United States approved sale of Integrated Air Defence Weapon
System to India. The cost of the system is estimated as 1.86 billion USD.
1. Highlights
India aims to buy Integrated Air Defence Weapon System (IADWS) from the US in order
to modernize its armed forces. It will help India to counter threats posed by air attacks.
US President is to visit India between February 23 and February 26, 2020. The countries
are expected to seal the deal during his visit.
2. NASAMS-II
The National Advanced Surface-to-Air Missile System was developed by USA in
partnership with Norway. NASAMS-II is an upgraded version of NASAMS of Norway called
Norwegian Advanced Surface to Air Missile System.
3. Significance
It is important for India to modernize its weapon systems. This is because China is
undertaking massive military modernization. It is also increasing its presence in the
Indian Ocean Region.
February 12, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
91. WHO names the new Corona Virus: “COVID-19”
On February 11, 2020, the World Health Organization announced a new name for the
Corona Virus, “COVID-19”. Today more than 42,000 are infected with the virus according
to the organization.
1. Highlights
WHO has chosen the name with no reference to geographical location. According to
WHO, the name was chosen in such away that it does not affect normal lives of a
country.
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2. MERS
MERS is Middle East Respiratory Syndrome. It is a deadly Corona Virus strain that was
first reported in Saudi Arabia and created havoc in China greatly. However, the name of
the virus has created a fact that there is something about the middle east region that
causes MERS viral infection.
3. H1NI
In 2009, swine flu created pandemic. It has now been renamed to H1N1 as its strain was
similar to that of the influenza virus. The influenza virus is known to circulate among
pigs. Though there was no evidence that H1N1 circulates in a similar way, it affected the
sales of pork greatly that year. Therefore, it is important for WHO to choose the name of
the viruses very carefully.
92. Medical Devices now to be regulated under Drugs and Cosmetics Act
On February 11, 2020, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare announced that medical
devices are to be brought under Drugs and Cosmetics act (DCA). This is to come into
effect from April 1, 2020
1. Highlights
According to the regulation, every product that is used to treat a patient will now be
under the ambit of DCA. It includes MRI, CT scan, thermometer, dialysis machines, etc. A
list of 37 devices has been included. This includes medical devices used on animals as
well.
2. Drugs and Cosmetics Act

The DCA regulates manufacture, distribution and import of drugs in India. It was passed
in 1940. The act was prepared based on the recommendations of Chopra Committee
that was constituted in 1930.
93. Bhabha Kavach: New bullet proof jacket developed by BARC-to be

used by CISF
The Bhabha Atomic Research Centre developed a new bullet proof jacket called Bhabha
Kavach. The jackets are to be used by the Central Industrial Security Force (CISF).
1. Highlights
Around 5 pieces of Bullet proof jackets were handed over to the CISF. The nominal
weight of the jacket is 6.8kg. It is the lightest level-3 plus jacket. It has been produced
based on carbon nanotube and hot- pressed boron carbide technologies
2. About the jacket

The jacket is lightest of its kind as compared to the other jackets that weigh around 17
kgs. The Ministry of Home Affairs has approved to induct the jacket into all Central
Armed Police Forces. The jackets will be produced at large scale in Ordnance Factories
and MIDHANI (Mishra Dhatu Nigam Limited) through transfer of technologies.
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94. Ground Water Act, 2020 approved by UP cabinet
On February 11, 2020, the Uttar Pradesh Cabinet chaired by Chief Minister Yogi
Adityanath approved Ground Water Act-2020. The act aims to improve ground water
level.
1. Key Features of the act

The act makes the registration of submersible pumps mandatory. The farmers and
domestic users need not pay fees to use the pumps. The act makes rain water
harvesting mandatory in all private schools, colleges.
2. Ground Water in India

It is essential to monitor the ground water activities in India. This is important because,
according to Parliament Committee Report, 2016 around 9 states in India has used 90%
of their ground water without leaving a chance of recharging. Also, the increase in
presence of metallic elements such as Arsenic, Uranium, Iron is increasing.
95. GoI released Draft Visionary Perspective Plan (2020-30) to Conserve

Avian Ecosystem ahead of CMS COP-13
Ahead of the Conservation of Migratory Species Conference of Parties-13 (CMS COP-13),

the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change has introduced a draft Visionary
Perspective Plan (2020-2030) to conserve ecosystems, habitats, avian diversity and
landscapes in the country.
Visionary Perspective Plan (2020-2030)

 According to the draft, there are 1,317 bird species in India. Out of these 72 are endemic, 100
are threatened, 17 are critically endangered, 63 are vulnerable and 20 are endangered.
Around 270 species of avifauna fall under “rare” category. It includes pheasants, hornbills,
bustards, storks and cranes.
 The birds are prone to extinction mainly due to poaching, fragmentation of ecosystem,
habitat loss and epidemics. The draft also says that stray dog population has increased due
to catastrophic decline in population of vultures.
 The draft says that around 219 bird bio-diversity areas are under severe anthropogenic
pressure.
 The draft also says that 2,01,503 wetlands spread across 2.25 hectares in India are under
stress. This is mainly due to agricultural run-offs and urbanization.
96. Corona Virus Vaccine: UK starts testing on Mice; WHO says vaccine
to be ready in 18 months
The scientists in UK have tested a new Corona Virus vaccine. The Shanghai University of
China has also extracted a vaccine to treat the virus and has injected in to a mice
recently.
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1. Highlights
On February 10, 2020, WHO announced that the death toll of the corona virus has
reached 1,000 and 99% of the deaths were from China. There are more than 43,000
cases in China currently.
2. About Corona Virus

The Corona Viruses are divided into 4 genera namely alpha, beta, gamma and delta.
They are zoonotic. This means they can spread between animals and humans. Out of
these, gamma and delta corona viruses generally infect birds. Alpha and Beta viruses
reside in mammals.
97. February 11: World Unani Day: Birth Anniversary of Hakim Ajmal
Khan celebrated
Every year, on February 11, the birth Anniversary of Hakim Ajmal Khan is celebrated as
World Unani Day. He was an Indian Unani Physician and a social reformer. The main aim
of the World Unani Day os to spread awareness about Unani medical system, its
preventive and curative philosophies.
1. History
The Unani Medicinal system originated in Greece. Later the Arabs saved much of the
Greek Unani Literature and rendered it into Arabic.
2. Hakim Ajmal Khan

He was born on 11 February, 1868. He was one of the founders of Jamia Millia Islamia.
He also founded Ayurvedic and Unani college called the Tibbia College in Delhi. He was a
descendant of one of the line of physicians who came to India during reign of Mughal
Emperor Babar. These physicians were called the Rais of Delhi.
98. National Winter Games to be held in Gulmarg
The National Winter Games is to be held in Gulmarg from March 7, 2020. The games are
to be held for five days in Gulmarg, the world-famous Ski destination. It is being held
under Khelo India.
1. Highlights
The Department of Tourism is to create wide publicity about the event through
roadshows. Around 30 events are to be held at the national winter games under four
disciplines. It includes snow skiing, snowboarding, snow-show and cross-country. Also,
snow cycling and other games are to be held for children.
2. Khelo India
Khelo India was first held in 2018. The main aim of Khelo India event is to hunt grassroot
level talent all over India. The talent are identified by the Talent Hunt Committee. Such
identifies sports persons are provided with scholarship of Rs 5 lakhs for 8 years.
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99. 43rd Session of International fund for Agricultural Development: UN

SDG 2030 not achievable
The International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) of the United Nations works
to address hunger and poverty in developing countries. The 43rd session of the
governing council of IFAD was held at Rome between February 11, 2020 and February
12, 2020. It was announced at the council meet that with the current progress rate, it is
not possible to achieve United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 2030.
1. Highlights
The Council met at the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) of United Nations in
Rome. The UN believes that the SDG Goal can be achieved only after a decade, that is
by 2040. This is mainly because of lack of funds. In 2015 the world leaders under the
SDG aimed to eliminated hunger by 2030. Also, they estimated that it can be achieved
at a cost of 115 billion USD. However, today, they are in need of more investment to
achieve the target.
2. IFAD
IFAD is an agency of United Nations that addresses hunger and poverty in rural areas all
over the world. It was established at the World Food Conference in 1974.
100. Cabinet Approves amendment of Double Taxation Avoidance

Agreement with Sri Lanka
On February 12, 2020 the Union Cabinet approved the protocol to amend the DTAA
(Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement) that was signed between India and Sri Lanka.
The DTAA with respect to prevention of fiscal evasion is to be amended.
1. Highlights
Under the amendment, an anti-abuse provision is to be included. Also, the amendment
will include Principle Purpose Test. This will help in curbing strategies that exploit gaps in
tax rules.
2. Significance
Both Indian and Sri Lanka are members of major multilateral organizations such as
OECD, G20, BEPS. Therefore, it is essential for both the countries to implement
standards based on Multilateral Convention to Implement Tax Treaty related measures.
3. Why Principle Purpose Test?

India is a signatory of MLI, whereas Sri Lanka is not. Therefore, it is essential for the
countries to insert Principle Purpose Test to meet the minimum standards
4. What is MLI?
In 2016, around 100 countries signed Multilateral Convention to Implement Tax Treaty.
The treaty includes features that help to prevent Base Erosion and Profit Shifting. This is
called Multilateral Instrument or MLI.
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February 13, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
101. Cabinet Approval: Capital Infusion in three public sector Units OICL,
UIICL and NICL
On February 12, 2020, the Union Cabinet approved on capital infusion in three Public
Sector Units namely United India Insurance Company (UIICL), Oriental Insurance
Company Limited (OICL) and National Insurance Company Limited (NICL).
1. Highlights
During the meet the cabinet also approved an immediate release of Rs 2,500 crores in
order to address their critical financial position and also regulate their solvency
requirements. The capital infusion is aimed at merging the three insurance companies in
the future. Merging the companies will improve their operational efficiency and solvency
ratio.
2. Solvency Ratio
The Solvency ratio is the key metric used to measure the ability of an enterprise to meet
its debt obligation. It indicates if a company has sufficient cash flow in order to meet its
long term and short-term liabilities.
102. Cabinet Approval: India-Iceland MoU in Sustainable Fisheries

Development
On February 12, 2020 the Union Cabinet approved the Memorandum of Understanding
signed between India and Iceland in the field of fisheries.
1. Highlights
The countries had signed agreements in September 2019, to develop inland fisheries.
According to the agreement, the countries agreed to create facilities of technical experts
and scientists in shore areas and deep sea areas. They also agreed on exchange of
scientific research literature, scientific experts in the field of fisheries.
2. Fisheries in India
According to the Economic Survey 2020, fisheries contribute to 6.58% of India’s GDP
along with agriculture and forestry. The export of marine products for the year 2018-19
was 13.92 lakh tonnes. The survey also says that the total fish production of the country
stood at 13.42 million tonnes in the year 2018-19. The major fisheries resources of India
is spread across the vast coast line. It stands at 2.02 million square km of the Exclusive
Economic Zone.
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103. Cabinet approves Pesticide Management Bill 2020
On February 12, 2020 the Union Cabinet approved to table the Pesticide Management
Bill, 2020 in Parliament. The bill aims at making safe and effective pesticides for farmers.
The main aim of the bill is to replace the Insecticides Act, 1968.
1. Key Features
The bill includes provisions to provide compensation when there is farm loss due to use
of low-quality pesticides. The loss of farmers is to be paid using funds collected from the
manufacturers. The information regarding the pesticides available in the market is to be
made available in digital format. This will help farmers make the right choice.
2. Pesticides in India
Around 234 pesticides are used in India. Out of these 4 belongs to WHO’ Ia class
pesticides, 15 belong to WHO Ib class pesticide. There are 76 pesticides that belong to
WHO Class II pesticides. Also, only 40% of the pesticides used in the country are
registered.
3. WHO classification
The WHO classifies pesticides based on the hazards created by them. They are as
follows
104. Cabinet approves changes in Vivad Se Vishwas bill, 2020
The Vivad se Vishwas Scheme was announced by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitaraman
during the Budget 2020-21. On February 12, 2020, the Union Cabinet approved to make
required changes in the Vivad Se Vishwas Bill, 2020 in order to widen its cover over
litigation pending in debt recovery tribunal.
1. Highlights
The amendment has been introduced in order to widen the scope of the scheme in debt
recovery tribunal.
2. About the Scheme

The scheme focuses on tax payers whose tax demands are locked in multiple disputes. It
is similar to the Indirect Tax Sabka Vishwas Scheme.
3. Vivad Se Vishwas Bill, 2020

The bill introduces a resolution mechanism through which an appellant can file a
declaration. The authority (resolution mechanism implementer) will determine the
amount payable within 15 days of the receipt of declaration.
105. Ayushman Bharat: School Health Ambassador initiative launched
On February 12, 2020, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare introduced School
Health Ambassador initiative. Under the initiative, two teachers in every school are to be
made as Health and Wellness ambassador.
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1. Highlights
The initiative is to be linked with other initiatives such as Eat Right Campaign, Fit India
Movement and Poshan Abhiyan. 11 themes have been identified for the initiative. It
includes growing up healthy, interpersonal relationships, emotional well-being, values
and responsible citizenship, nutrition, health, gender equality, promotion of healthy
lifestyles, HIV prevention, safety and security against violence and promotion of safe use
of internet.
2. Training
The ambassadors are to be trained by the National Resource Group that was constituted
by the NCERT.
3. Implementation
The initiative in the first phase is to be implemented in upper primary and secondary
schools in aspirational districts. The remaining districts are to be included in the second
year of the initiative.
106. February 13: World Radio Day
Every Year February 13 is being celebrated as World Radio Day. The day is being
celebrated by UNESCO of United Nations. The organization calls all radio stations to
uphold matters of diversity. This year the day is celebrated under the theme
1. Objective
The main objective to celebrate World Radio Day is to increase awareness about radio
among media and public. It also aims to encourage key decision makers to provide
access to information through radio.
2. History
The World Radio Day was first celebrated in 2013. The resolution to celebrate World
Radio Day was taken in 2012 United Nations General Assembly.
3. Significance
Radio is still widely used medium of communication a global level. Also, radio stations
help to serve diverse communities, offer wide view-points and reflect diversity of
audience.radio
107. Draft Rules for International Arbitration Centre issued by GoI
On February 12, 2020, Government of India issued draft rules to set up International
Arbitration Centre. In order achieve institutionalized arbitration, GoI has enacted the
New Delhi International Arbitration act, 2019.
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1. Highlights
The draft rules for the arbitration centre prescribe allowances, pay of the full-time
members and the chairperson. The rules have also set minimum educational
qualification and method of selection of employees and officers of the centre.
2. Background
The Arbitration and Conciliation act, 1996 was amended to make the arbitration process
simpler. The New Delhi International Arbitration Centre Act, 2019 was enacted to make
Delhi an international arbitration centre.
3. What is International Arbitration Centre?

The International Arbitration Centre is a dispute settling body that settles arbitration
between individuals and companies.
108. “Apiary on Wheels” launched: A Unique Concept to help bee

keeping, achieve National Honey Mission
On February 13, 2020, the Ministry of MSME (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises)
launched “Apiary on Wheels”. It is a unique concept framed by KVIC (Khadi and Village
Industries Commission). The main aim of “Apiary on Wheels” is to make migration easy.
1. Highlights
Apiary on wheels is an approach to make beekeeping simpler. It is a platform to carry 20
Bee Boxes. The vehicle has 2 large wheels on either sides and 4 separate compartments
to place the boxes.
2. Significance
It addresses the challenges faced by the beekeepers. Bee keeping involves laborious
and mental challenges such a placing the bee boxes in strategic positions, migrating the
bee boxes and fulfil the nourishment needs of the bees. The Apiary on Wheels addresses
all the above issues.
3. National Honey Mission

The mission since its launch has been training beekeepers, educating unemployed
youths, distributing bee boxes. Under the mission, KVIC provides training and awareness
to Bee farmers.
109. BIMSTEC: Conference on Combating Drug Trafficking inaugurated
On February 13, 2020, Union Minister Amit Shah launched the BIMSTEC Conference on
Combating Drug Trafficking in New Delhi. The event was organized by the Narcotics
Control Bureau. The Conference was attended by other BIMSTEC partners Bangladesh,
Myanmar, Bhutan, Nepal, Thailand and Sri Lanka.
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1. Highlights
The main objective of the conference is to control the illicit drug trading plaguing Bay of
Bengal states. India has taken lead in organizing the conference.
2. Significance
The Conference is important because India is currently focusing on Act East Policy and
Neighbourhood Policy. The BIMSTEC platform acts as a platform for India to achieve its
objectives.
In order to control drug trafficking in the country, India has adopted Zero Tolerance
Policy. India has also taken steps at international level. For instance, India is a member
of INTERPOL (International Criminal Police Organization).
110. INS Jamuna deployed on Hydrographic Survey off coast Sri Lanka
The Indian Naval Ship (INS) Jamuna has been deployed in the shores of Sri Lanka to carry
out a joint Hydrographic survey. The survey is to be conducted for 2 months time period.
1. Highlights
India and Sri Lanka together are to carry out Hydrographic survey and also shore based
survey activities for a period of 2 months. Apart from surveying, the Sri Lankan Naval
Officers will be provided survey training.
2. Hydrographic Survey
The Hydographic survey is the measurement and study of features that affect maritime
navigation. It also includes offshore oil exploration, dredging, oil drilling and other
related activities. The standards and specifications to conduct the survey is released by
International Hydrographic Organization (IHO). It was established in 1921. The main aim
of IHO is to make sure world seas are surveyed and charted properly.
3. Indian Naval Hydrographic Department

The office of the department is located in Dehradun. Currently 8 Indian Naval Ships are
deployed in the hydrographic surveys. It includes INS Nirupak, INS Jamuna, INS
Investigator, INS Sutlej, INS Sandhayak, INS Darshak, INS Sarvekshak
February 14, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
111. President’s Colours Awards to INS Shivaji on its 75 years of Service
On February 13, 2020, President Ram Nath Kovind presented the President’s Colours
Awards to INS Shivaji. The Indian Naval Station Shivaji has completed 75 years of
service. Last year, the award was given to Indian Naval Academy.
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1. Highlights
The award was presented to the Indian Naval Station at Lonavala. The station was
commissioned as HMIS (Her Majesty’s Indian Ship) in 1945. The motto of the ship
establishment is
2. About INS Shivaji

The INS Shivaji houses Naval Engineering College that trains officers of Indian Navy and
Indian Coastal Guards. It is located near Bhushi Dam. There are three premier
institutions at INS Shivaji. It includes Centre of Excellence, Centre of Marine Engineering
and Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Defence School.
112. Foreign Envoys from Gulf and EU visit Jammu and Kashmir for the
second time
On February 13, 2020, foreign envoys from Gulf countries and European Union visited
Jammu and Kashmir for the second time after Abrogation of Article 370.
1. Highlights
The delegation met secretary level officers of Government of India and other senior
officers of Jammu and Kashmir. They also visited business women, traders,
entrepreneurs in Jammu and Kashmir. It includes envoys from Canada, Germany, France,
Mexico, New Zealand, Afghanistan, Italy, Austria, Poland and Uzbekistan.
2. Purpose
India is arranging for such foreign visits in order to demonstrate the outside world about
the measures being taken to restore normalcy in the valley. During the first visits of the
foreign delegates from European Union, concerns were raised over internet shutdown.
However, today, such issues have been addressed. Kashmir is being provided with 2G
speed internet by the GoI partially.
113. GoI hosts National Organic Food Festival in New Delhi
The Government of India is to host National Organic Food Festival at the National Capital
between February 21, 2020 and February 23, 2020. The festival is first of its kind.
Around 150 women entrepreneurs are to participate in the festival
1. Highlights
The Ministry of Food Processing is organizing National level Food Festival for 3 days.
Several Self-Help Groups are to exhibit their spices, fruits and vegetable, honey, dry
fruits, cereals, etc. The main aim of the festival is to boost production of organic
products. The festival is to be conducted under the theme
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2. Purpose
The festival aims to conduct training programmes, marketing innovation programmes,
imparting knowledge about supply of organic products. It will also conduct training
programmes on FSSAI regulations that will help to get familiarized with regulatory
processes.
3. Organic Market Potential of India

India is world’s 9th largest agricultural organic market in the world. It produces 1.7
million tonnes of organic foods. It includes cotton, pulses, fruits, tea, medicinal plants,
coffee, vegetables, sugarcane, oil seeds, etc.
4. Goal Set
India has set a goal of increasing business of organic sector to Rs 75,000 crores by 2025.
In 2015, it was Rs 27,000 crores.
114. India to partially open up Poultry and Diary Markets to imports

from US
Ahead of President Trump’s visit by the end of February 2020, GoI has announced that it
is to partially open the poultry and Diary market to imports from US.
1. Highlights
India will now allow imports of US turkey, chicken legs blueberries and cherries. The
tarrif on Chicken legs are to be cut from 100% to 25%. The Indian Diary Market is to be
opened with 5% tariff on some products. However, the diary imports will need
certificates that they are not derived from animals that have consumed feeds that
include blood meal, internal organs or tissues of animals.
2. Background
India being the largest producer of milk in the world had restricted diary imports. This
was done to protect the livelihood of 80 million rural households.
3. Concerns
Indi is the second largest trade partner of the United States after China. However, US
faces trade deficit of 23.2 million USD with India. United States is working in every
possible way to reduce the trade deficit.
115. International Hockey Federation names Indian Hockey Captain

“Player of the Year”, 2019
On February 13, 2020, the International Hockey Federation named the Indian Hockey
captain Manpreet Singh as Player of the Year, 2019.
1. Highlights
Manpreet is the first Indian to win the title. The accolade was introduced in 1999.
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2. Manpreet Singh
Manpreet Singh is the Indian National Hockey team captain since 2017. He was named
the Indian Squad at the 2016 Summer Olympics. He has played several international
games including Asian Games, Common Wealth Games, Men’s Hockey Champions
Trophy.
3. International Hockey Federation

The International Hockey Federation is the governing body of indoor field hockey and
field hockey. The headquarters is located in Lausanne, Switzerland. The Player of the
year award is given by the organization to men and women since 1998. The young
category of the honourary award was added in 2001.
116. Portugal President to make a 4-day visit to India
Portugal President Rebelo de Sousa is to make a four-day visit to India. The last visit by a
Portugal President to India was in 2007.
1. Highlights
The Portugal President during his visit will hold talks with President Ram Nath and PM
Modi. He will also travel to the states of Maharashtra and Goa. The countries will sign
agreements over transfer of technologies in water and sewerage management systems.
2. Significance
His visit comes ahead of his taking over as European Union Council Presidency. He will
preside over as the President of European Union in 2021. It is to be noted that the first
India-EU summit was held in 2000 during the presidency of Portugal.
3. European Union President

There are three Presidents of European Union namely, president of European Council,
president of European Parliament and President of European Commission. On the world
stage, the president of European Council is considered to be the principal president of
the organization.
117. UN’s IFAD Governing Council: Climate Change will push 100 millions
to poverty
The Governing Council of International Fund for Agriculture let in Rome recently. The
council says that by 2030 around 100 million people will be pushed to poverty. The
council also said that this is mainly due to climate change impact on agriculture.
1. Highlights
The Government representatives and global development from all over the world
attended the 43rd Governing Council of IFAD. The Council reported that around 90% of
17.2 million people displaced were due to climate-related disasters.
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2. Suggestions
The council suggest that there is an urgent need to invest on rural development. This
will help avoid the catastrophes arising due to climate change.
3. Other causes of Poverty

Apart from climate change, conflicts are the other major cause of poverty and hunger.
The Council says that in Africa alone, the conflicts have risen by 36% between 2018 and
2019.
4. Effect on Agriculture
Disasters and Conflicts greatly affect agriculture. They stop agricultural production and
stops millions from lifting themselves from their poor conditions.
118. Antarctica recorded the hottest temperature of 20.75 degrees

Celsius
The World Meteorological Organization announced that for the first time in record
Antarctica has recorded its hottest temperature ever, 20.75 Degree Celsius. So far, the
highest was 18.3 Degrees Celsius that was recorded in January 1982.
1. Highlights
The higher temperatures were influenced by shifts in El Nino and Ocean Currents.
According to United Nations scientists, the Antarctic region stores more than 70% of
world’s fresh water. If it melts, the sea level will increase by 50 to 60 metres.
2. Significance of Ice Sheet in Antarctica

The ice sheet in Antarctica covers 14 million square kilometres. To the east of Antarctica
there lies land masses under the ice sheets. However, on the west Antarctica the ice
beds can extend to more than 2500 metres under the sea.
119. India-Portugal sign 7 agreements
The Portugal President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa is on a 4-day visit to India. During his
visit, he held talks with PM Modi. After their meeting 4 agreements were signed between
the countries
1. Highlights
The countries signed agreements on culture, transport, investment, industrial and
intellectual property rights. Agreements were also signed on developing a world class
national maritime heritage complex at Lothal.
2. Budget 2020-21
The Fund allocated in Budget 2020-21 for the Ministry of Culture was 3,150 crores and
for that of Ministry of Tourism was 2,500 crores.
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120. GoI approves two AIIMS institutes and 9 medical colleges for Jammu
and Kashmir
Since the Abrogation of Article 370, the GoI has been keenly focussing on improving the
infrastructure in the Kashmir region.
1. Highlights
The AIIMS proposal was approved by the Union Government under Pradhan Mantri
Swasthya Suraksha Yojana. The cost of the project estimated is Rs 1,661 crores. The
project is to be completed by 2022. The AIIMS will also hold nursing college. Above al,
the building is to be constructed as green building.
2. Green Building
Green Building is a structure that is resource efficient and environmentally responsible.
The building is resource efficient through out its phase starting from design,
construction, maintenance, renovation and demolition.
3. Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana

The Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana was launched in 2006. Under the
scheme, 6 institutions of AIIMS were to be built in first phase. They were in the states of
Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Chattisgarh, Odisha, Uttaranchal and Rajasthan.
February 15, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
121. India attends Munich Security Conference in Germany
The Munich Security Conference is being held in Germany between February 14, 2020
and February 16, 2020. The Conference was attended by External Affairs minister
Jaishankar representing India.
1. Highlights
The Minister met his counterparts of Georgia, Portugal and Lithuania on the sidelines of
the conference. The minister his Portugal Counterpart as a backdrop of its President
visiting India. With Portugal to preside over the leadership of the European Union
council, there are good opportunities for India to extend its relations with European
Union.
2. Munich Security Conference

The Conference is one of the world’s leading forum that debates on international
security policy. Every year more than 350 officials from 70 countries attend the
conference. It includes heads of the states, members of parliaments, representatives of
armed forces, business, media. etc. It was founded in 1963.
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122. Cha-Chai Art Work inaugurated at National Museum by Portuguese
president
The Portugal President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa is on a four-day visit to India. On

February 14, 2020, he along with the Minister of Tourism, India Prahlad Singh Patel
inaugurated a Cha-Chai art-work installation at the National Museum.
1. What is Cha-Chai Art Work?

The 5pm tea is a family tradition of the Portuguese. According to their family culture, it
strengthens family bonding. The Cha-Chai art work inaugurated was a teapot art work. It
symbolically depicts people to people relations between the countries.
2. Portuguese in Goa
The Portuguese had ruled Goa for more than 450 years. They arrived in India in the 14th
century. Today there are more than 10,000 to 12,000 Portuguese speakers in the state.
123. Anniversary of Pulwama Attack: Memorial inaugurated
On February 14, 2020, a memorial was inaugurated at the Lethpora camp for the 40
CRPF (Central Reserve Police Force) personnel who were killed in Pulwama Attack.
1. Highlights
The memorial consisted of names of jawans who lost their lives in the attack. It also held
the motto of CRPF, which is “Seva and Nishta” which means Service and Loyalty.
2. The Attack
In 2019, February 14, the Jaish-e-Mohammed terrorist Adeel ahmed Dar drove a car
carrying explosives to a convoy of security forces. This killed 40 personnel.
3. Counter Measures
Upon the incident, the Home Ministry now allows CRPF to carry their troops by air. Also,
the Jammu and Kashmir Government had imposed a ban on private vehicles to facilitate
movement of troops. This means during their transit; no other private vehicles will be
allowed on road. This order was to be rescinded after return of normalcy.
124. First Inter-City Electric Bus to operate between Mumbai and Pune
On February 14, 2020, the first inter-city electric bus was launched. The bus will transit
between Mumbai and Pune twice every day. It was launched by the Union Transport
Minister Nithin Gadkari.
1. Highlights
The bus seating capacity was 43. It is capable of running 300 kilo metres in a single
charge. The GoI is to extend the service to other parts of Maharashtra as well. The
Ministry of Union Transport is working under the target of converting all the buses into
electric vehicles by 2022.
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2. Electric Vehicle Transition
The GoI is now pushing for the Electric Vehicle transition in the country to reduce burden
being created by oil. The CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) transition that happened in
2000s is the best lead to take positive hopes over EV transition
3. CNG Transition
In 1993, 3 gas filling stations were opened in Delhi. In 2001, the Supreme Court ordered
to replace and convert all public buses to CNG. In 2005, there were more than 10,000
CNG buses, 5,000 mini buses and 55,000 CNG three wheelers on road. There was
significant drop in Delhi pollution after the move. Similar results are being expected in
case of EVs. However, more incentives are required for the EVs to spread wide.
125. IISS Study: World Defence spending biggest in 10 years
On February 14, the International Institute of Strategic Studies released its report on
Defence Spending all over the world. The report was titled “Military Balance”. According
to the report, the global spending rose by 4% in 2019. This is the largest growth in 10
years.
1. Highlights
The report also says that the Defence race between China and US has increasing
alarmingly. The Military Modernization Programme in China has led to developing new
hard to detect Hypersonic missiles. This has kindled US to spend alarmingly towards its
Defence Programmes. In 2018-19 the United States has spent 53.4 billion USD towards
its Defence Programmes.
2. Relative Spending
Out of all the countries, China and US has increased the spending by 6.6%. The Europe
spending has increased by 4.2%. This is the first time Europe has seen increased levels
of spending since financial crisis in 2008.
3. NATO members
US is constantly complaining that the NATO members are not contributing enough
towards Defence spending. US had earlier accused Germany for not living up to the 2014
NATO pledge. According to the NATO pledge the member nation should contribute 2% of
its GDP to Defence.
4. International Institute for Strategic Studies

The IISS is a British Research Institute that was established in 1997. The IISS was ranked
the 10th best institute in the world by the Global Go To Think Tank Index. It is also the
second best Defence and National Security think tank globally.
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126. February 15: World Pangolin Day; GoI radio tagged Pangolins first
time to learn their Ecology
Every year the third Saturday of February month is celebrated as World Pangolin Day.
The ninth World Pangolin Day is being celebrated on February 15, 2020. The numbers of
Pangolin is rapidly declining in Asia and Africa. This is mainly because Pangolin scales
are rich in medicinal properties. Recently, China had found that Pangolin scales can be
used to treat Corona Virus infections.
1. Highlights
The World Pangolin Day is marked by several organizations all over the world including
United Nations Environment Programme.
2. Significance
They are hunted for their medicinal benefits and culinary delicacy. In December 2019,
Xinhua news agency (China) reported the seizure of more than 10 tonnes of Pangolin
scales by the Chinese customs in the eastern Chinese city Wenzhou. This on one hand
proves that there is still quite good population of Pangolins in the world and on the other
hand provides the message that they are still endangered.
3. Scales of Pangolins
The pangolins use their scales to protect themselves from big carnivores such as tigers
and lions. They curl into a ball when they are being attacked. These scales are now in
huge demand in China as they are used in traditional medicines.
4. Protection
Pangolins are protected under CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered
Species). In India they are protected under Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972. They are
listed under Schedule I of the act. The IUCN Red List puts the Indian Pangolin under
Endangered category.
For the first time, the Madhya Pradesh Forest department radio-tagged Indian Pangolin
in order to learn its ecology. It is a joint operation of the forest department and the NGO
Wildlife Conservation Trust.
127. “Global Investor Summit” for the first time in Jammu and Kashmir;
Road Shows to attract investments
The Government of India is making preparation in full swing for the Global Investors
Summit to be held in Jammu and Kashmir in April 2020.
1. Highlights
In order to increase the number of investments roadshows are to be conducted from
February 17, 2020. The roadshows are to be held in Kolkata, Bengaluru, Mumbai,
Chennai, Ahmedabad and Hyderabad. The Union Territory is to send 54 senior officials to
preside over the roadshows. Jammu and Kashmir will also hold International Roadshows.
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2. GoI Measures
After Abrogation of Article 370, GOI has been taking several measure to improve the
infrastructure in Jammu and Kashmir. In the Budget 2020-21, the Union Government
allocated Rs 30,757 crores separately for the development of Jammu and Kashmir. Also,
several foreign delegates are allowed to visit the region. This gives them an opportunity
to assess the situation in Kashmir and its normalcy. In turn such assessments will help to
bring in more foreign investments.
128. Milan 2020: Biggest Multilateral Naval Exercise in the Indian Ocean
Region
Indian Navy is preparing itself for the biggest multilateral naval exercise to be conducted
in the Indian Ocean Region. The Exercise is to be conducted under the theme
1. Highlights
The exercise will include multi-national groupings, simulation of operational scenarios
and tactical maneuvers. Around 42 countries are to participate in the exercise. It
includes Russia and USA as well. India has not invited China to participate in the
exercise. The exercise is to be conducted in Vishakhapatnam in March 2020.
2. History
The Multilateral exercise began in 1995 in Andaman and Nicobar Islands. In 1995, only 4
countries participated. It included Singapore, Thailand, Indonesia and Sri Lanka. It is
biennial and was restricted to friendly nations. However, in its later stages the size of the
exercise began to increase. In 2018, the size grew significantly with around 17 countries
participating in the exercise.
129. Nagpur Oranges Exported to Dubai first Time
On February 13, 2020, the first Consignment of Nagpur Oranges were sent to Dubai from
Navi Mumbai. The oranges were sent in refrigerated containers.
1. Highlights
In the state of Maharashtra, around 40 hectares of land is under cultivation of Nagpur
oranges. The APEDA (Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development
Authority) selected Nagpur district as a cluster for oranges under Agriculture Export
Policy.
2. Significance
The production of the fruit is increasing in central and western India. The Mrig crop that
matures between February and March has great potential for export. This is because
arrival of these fruits are less in the international market during this period.
3. Global Scenario
The International trade of oranges in the year 2018 was 10,183 million USD. In 2018-19,
India produced 8,781 thousand tonnes of oranges.
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4. Mrig Crop
The monsoon flowering, that is during June is called Mrig. These crops are available for
harvest between November and March.
130. First Integrated Tri-Service Command to be set up in June by the

Chief of Defence Staff (CDS)
The Chief of Defence Staff Bipin Rawat aims to set up an integrated tri-service command
for the first time by June 2020. This command will be headed by an Air Marshal.
1. Highlights
The talks among the CDS, Air Force Chief RKS Bhadauria and Army Chief General Manoj
Mukund Naravane have begun regarding the creation of the command. Along with this,
the CDS officer is also planning to create a joint peninsula command.
2. About CDS
The creation of CDS post was recommended by Group of Ministers that studied the Kargil
Review Committee (1999) report. The most important factor is that the CDS will not
command over any of the services. He will only work towards the coordination of the
services. After resigning or demitting from the post, he is not eligible to hold any of the
government posts.
February 16, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
131. ISRO to launch 10 Earth Imaging Satellites in 2020 including first

Geo Imaging Satellite-1
On February 15, 2020, ISRO published its annual report 2019-20. According to the
report, the Indian Space Research Organization will launch 10 Earth Observation
Satellites in 2020-21. It includes the first Geo Imaging Satellite, GISAT-1.
1. Highlights
The report says that 18 communication satellites, 19 national Earth Observation
satellites and eight navigation satellites are in service. Out of these, 3 of these
communication satellites are dedicated for military communication.
2. Annual Plan
According to the report, ISRO has planned 36 missions in the upcoming year. It includes
six Earth Observation satellites. The organization also has plans to add 8 Earth
Observation satellites in 2021-22.
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132. RBI Syncs Financial Year with the Fiscal Year
On February 15, 2020, the board of Reserve Bank of India (RBI) decided to sync the
Financial year of the bank with the Fiscal Year. The Fiscal Year begins in April and ends
in March and the Financial year is between July and June
1. Highlights
The Central Board of Directors of RBI at the 582nd meeting recommended aligning of
Fiscal and financial years. The alignment would change 8-decade practice of RBI.
2. Jalan Committee
The alignment was recommended by an expert committee led by Bimal Jalan. According
to the committee, the central bank will be able to provide estimates of the surplus
transfers better after the alignment. This will reduce the interim dividend that the RBI
has to pay to the Government. However, the interim dividend will be restricted to
extraordinary circumstances. It will also bring in cohesiveness with the reports and
policy projections made by the RBI.
3. Why the move?

The Centre had been demanding for an interim dividend (between April to August) as its
final balance sheet is prepared in August. This was mainly because RBI had a different
accounting year.
133. PM Modi inaugurates 50 projects worth 1000 crores in Varanasi
On February 16, 2020, PM Modi inaugurated more than 50 projects that are worth 1000
crores in Varanasi. It included 430 beds in a hospital at Banaras Hindu University,
flagging off of Maha Kaal Express, 100 year celebration of Jagadguru Vishwaradhya
Gurukul and unveiling statue of Deendayal Upadhyay.
1. Highlights
PM Modi inaugurated Pandit Deendayal Upadhyay Memorial Centre in Varanasi.
Deendayal Upadhyay was a former leader of Bharatiya Jana Sangh, the forerunner of the
current BJP. In order to honor the leader, PM also inaugurated a 63 feet tall statue that
was made of Pancha Loha
2. What is Pancha Loha?

Panchaloha is an alloy of Copper, Zincm Gold, Iron and Silver. Some times lead or tin is
used instead of Zinc.
3. Maha Kaal Express

The Prime Minister also flagged off the Maha Kaal Express. It is the first overnight private
train that will connect three Jyotirling pilgrim centres. They are Ujjain, Varanasi and
Omkareshwar in Madhya Pradesh.
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February 17, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
134. India and Norway to work towards mitigating marine plastic

littering
On February 16, 2020, at the CMS COP-13, the Convention on the Conservation of
Migratory Species Conference of Parties-13, was marked by India. The Convention is to
be held in Gandhinagar, Gujarat between February 17, 2020 and February 22, 2020.
1. Highlights
On the sidelines of CMS COP-13, India and Norway declared the 2020-30 decade as the
“Decade of rapid action on Climate Change and Environment”. The countries will work
together towards strengthening mutual cooperation on climate and environment
including ocean affairs.
2. Kigali Amendment
In October 2016, the Montreal Protocol was signed by more than 170 countries in order
to protect ozone layer and climate. The Kigali Amendment to the protocol aims to phase
down the Hydrofluorocarbons.
135. BioAsia Summit 2020 to be held in Hyderabad
The Government of Telangana is hosting Bio-Asia Summit 2020 in Hyderabad between

February 17, 2020 and February 19, 2020. The main objective of the summit is to
explore the capabilities of Life Science Companies and their investments.
1. Highlights
The summit will be attended by researchers, investors, conglomerates, start-ups and
health care representatives. They will focus on the needs of the evolving Life Science
industry.
2. Biotechnology in India
India is the third largest biotechnology destination in Asia Pacific. There are more than
523 USFDA (United States Food and Drug Administration) approved Indian owned plants
spread all over the world. This is the second highest in the world.
3. Why is the summit important?

India is to become the most populous country in the world by 2030. The growing burden
of diseases in the country is increasing rapidly. GoI is planning on 200 billion USD
infrastructure in the next decade. The National Biopharma Mission will require strong
workforce.
4. National Biopharma Mission

The National Biopharma mission was launched in 2017 by the Ministry of Science and
Technology with the assistance of World Bank. The mission estimated 250 million USD of
investment in the field.
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136. India marks the beginning of “Super Year of Biodiversity” with CMS
COP 13
The year 2020 has been nick named as “Super Year” by global advocacy groups
including the United Nations. This has been done to highlight 21 Sustainable
Development Goals (SDG) and their targets.
1. Super Year
In Super Year, the SDGs of Climate, Ocean, Gender, life below water and land are to be
implemented. Several major initiatives to achieve these SDGs were taken by the United
Nations. This year all such initiatives are to be given special focus. They are as follows
2. Gender Equality
 The Beijing Programme of Action marks 25th anniversary in 2020. It was framed in 1995 at
the fourth United Nation World Conference on Women.
 The 64th session of the United Nations Commission on the Status of Women is to be held in
March 2020.
3. Climate Action
 The COP 26 is to be held in Glasgow in 2020 to address the gaps that were undermined at
COP 25 and also harmed the reputation of COP 25.
 The first Global Transport on Sustainable Transport is to be held in May 2020
4. Life Below Water

 The Strategic Plan for Bio Diversity 2011-20 comes to an end in 2020. It was adopted in 2010
at the convention on Biological Diversity. In 2019, the Inter-governmental Science Policy
platform published the Global Assessment of State of Biodiversity and Ecosystem services. It
listed 20 Biodiversity Targets. They are now to be taken for implementation in 2020 as the
plan end in 2020.
 The IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) is to hold World Conservation
Congress in Marseille, France in June 2020. It is being organized once on 4 years.
5. 2020-A Decade of Closure (Ocean)

 Apart from a new beginning, the 2020 will also close bio-diversity related agendas. It includes
the Decade for Deserts which marked the fight against desertification. This was marked by
the UN Convention to Combat Desertification.
 The Second UN Ocean Conference is to be held in 2020. The first was held in 2017 in New
York. Since its first conference the community has been working on ocean acidification.
137. The First United Nations Biodiversity Summit CMS COP-13 in India:
3 Migratory Mammals Targeted
India is all set to host the fist Biodiversity Summit of the United Nations. It is to be
inaugurated by PM Modi in Gandhi Nagar, Gujarat on February 17, 2020. The CMS COP-
13, Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species Conference of Parties-13 is the
only convention on migratory species.
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1. Highlights
The Agenda of the convention includes proposals on infrastructure of migratory
mammals. The migratory mammals to be focused in the summit includes Gobi bear,
Persian Leopard and Urial. The summit will also provide Biodiversity conservation to
Ganges river Dolphins, great Indian Bustard and Asian Elephants.
2. Gobi Bear
The Gobi Bear is a sub species of Brown Bear. It is found in Gobi-desert of Mongolia. As
far 2009, there were only 30 adult Gobi Bears in the desert. The IUCN Red List
categorizes Gobi Bear under Critically Endangered.
3. Persian Leopard
The Persian Leopards are found in Iran, Afghanistan and central Asia. The IUCN Red List
categorizes them as Endangered. As of 2008, only 871 mature Persian Leopards were
recorded. They are threatened by poaching and illegal hunting.
4. Urial
Urials are wild sheep. They are found in western and Central Asia, that is, in Kazakhstan,
Pakistan and India. The IUCN Red List categorizes them as Vulnerable.
138. United Nations Bio Diversity Summit to discuss threats to Migratory

Species from Infrastructural Development
PM Modi is to inaugurate the Conference of Parties to the Convention on Migratory

Species (CMS COP 13) on February 17, 2020 in GandhiNagar, Gujarat. The 13th
conference of Migratory Species is the first meet on bio diversity. It is conducted under
the theme
1. Highlights
The Conference will consider the need for implementation of guidance tools that will
mitigate the impacts of infrastructure on migratory species. So far, the infrastructural
threats to large mammals was governed by the Central Asian Mammals Initiative. The
CMS Guidelines currently deals only with the underwater noises. It does not include
threats related to infrastructural development. Therefore, this conference will focus on
such threats and also aquatic species facing threats due to coastal developments such
as roads, restaurants and hotels. The conference will also discuss Turtle Nesting and the
threats.
2. Significance
The discussion is important because there are more than 25 million kilo metres of new
roads to be constructed by 2050. This will increase by 60% as compared to the roads in
2010. In the next 40 years, 3,35,000 km of railway tracks are to be constructed.
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139. CMS COP 13: Insects Decline to be discussed for the first time
The United Nations Conference of Parties to the Convention on Migratory Species (CMS
COP-13) is to discuss the effects of insects decline on migratory species for the first time.
1. Highlights
According to Convention on Migratory Species, around half of the insect species are
declining. Also, the third phase which is insect extinction is to begin. The IPBES
(Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) says that at the
current rate, 40% of the world insect species will be extinct in next few decades.
2. Steps taken
The draft resolution has been presented by the European Union for the discussion at
CMS COP 13. This will help to understand insects die off and its effects on migratory
species. The EUROBATS agreement is one such agreement that focuses on insect
decline. However, it focuses on Conservation of Bats Population and indirectly adopts
resolution towards insect conservation to save bats. CMS COP 13 will be the first
convention to focus on insects on a larger scale.
140. Government of Haryana provides Rs 15 lakhs to Olympic

participants and Rs 6 crore to winners
On February 16, 2020, the State Government of Haryana announced that it will provide
Rs 6 crores to gold medal winners at Olympic Games. The cash money prize is only for
players representing Haryana.
1. Highlights
The State Government of Haryana has offered to provide the Olympic players with prize
money. It will provide Rs 15 lakhs to every player participating at the Olympic Games
2020. The Government has also increased the prize money for players participating at
Asian Games and Common Wealth Games.
2. Pension
The Government has also announced pension system for the players. This is an
additional assistance to players apart from the cash money. Also, the government will
provide pension to national award winners such as Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Awards,
Dhyanchand and Arjuna Awards
141. Supreme Court permits Permanent Commissioning of Women

Officers in Defence
On February 17, 2020, the Supreme Court of India upheld the judgement of Delhi High
Court over the issue of commissioning of women officers in Indian Army.
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1. Highlights
The Supreme Court has granted permission to commission women officers in the Indian
Army.
2. Background
The High Court of Delhi in 2010 had instructed the GoI to provide permanent
commissioning of women officers in the Indian Army. The GoI in 2010 had argued that
women are physiologically weak and are not as efficient as men when it comes to
leading a combat unit. This was countered then and now by both Delhi HC and the apex
court.
142. Chief of Navy Admiral Karambir Singh visits Myanmar
The Chief of Indian Navy Admiral Karamvir Singh is to visit Myanmar between February
17, 2020 and February 20, 2020. During his visit, he will hold discussions with his
Myanmar counterpart to enhance bilateral maritime relations between the countries
1. Highlights
The Admiral is to interact with the trainees of the National Defence College in Nay Pyi
Taw and will also visit Training command of Myanmar Navy.
2. Significance
It is important for India to strengthen its bilateral ties with Myanmar especially in the
field of maritime because of strategic location of the country in Indian Ocean. Also,
Myanmar is a member of Indian Ocean Naval Symposium.
3. Sittwe Port
India has constructed Sittwe port, a deep water port in Myanmar in 2016. The port along
with the Kaladan Multi Modal Transit Project is considered as an alternate to access
North East India. So far, the Siliguri corridor is the only way through which the Indian
mainland is connected with the North East.
4. Indian Ocean Naval Symposium

The IONS is a series of biennial meeting among the states of Indian Ocean Region. The
symposium acts as a forum to strengthen maritime security cooperation. It consists of
24 members and they are grouped into 4 sub regions. The South Asian Sub region
includes India, Bangladesh, Maldives, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Seychelles. The West Asian
Sub region includes Oman, Iran, Saudi Arabia and UAE. The East African Sub Region
includes Kenya, Mauritius, France, South Africa, Mozambique, Eretria, Tanzania. The
South East Asian and Australian Sub Region includes Australia, Malaysia, Indonesia,
Timor Leste, Thailand, Singapore, Myanmar and Malaysia.
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143. Teams set up by Health Ministry to monitor Corona Virus in villages
at Nepal Border
The Ministry of Health has constituted teams to examine for Corona Virus in villages that
are bordering Nepal. The spread of Corona Virus is increasing with number of people
infected in China touching 70,000 as of February 17, 2020.
1. Highlights
According to the Ministry of Health, the villages in the states of Uttar Pradesh,
Uttarakhand, Sikkim, Bihar and West Bengal are to be inspected for Corona Virus. The
Ministry has formed 5 separate teams of doctors from the National Centre for Disease
Control.
2. National Centre for Disease Control

National Centre for Disease Control is an institute operating Ministry of Health and
Family Welfare. It was founded in 1963. The origin of the institute is tracked to the
Central Malaria Bureau that was established in 1909 in Kasauli, British India. Today there
are 14 centres operating under NCDC.
3. Global Economy
The IMF (International Monetary Fund) says that the virus will have significance effect
over the global economy. However, as the US-China trade war has subsided, the effects
of the virus will be nullified by the boosts of the improved trade between the two might
economies of the world.
144. Ladakh and J&K to come under Central Administrative Tribunal
On February 17, the Minister of State in the PMO (Prime Minister Office) announced that
the Union Territory of Ladakh and Jammu and Kashmir are to be brought under the
Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT). The announcement was made by the Minister at
the annual Conference of the tribunal.
1. Highlights
The CAT has so far had its jurisdiction only over the central services of Jammu and
Kashmir. Till the GoI sets up a CAT exclusively for J&K, the Chandigarh bench is to serve
the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh.
2. What is Central Administrative Tribunal?

The Central Jurisdiction Tribunal was established through 42nd amendment of
Constitution. It works towards adjudicating (judging) disputes that arise in case of
recruitment or service of persons in public services.
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145. Atal Bhujal Yojana: GoI and World Bank signed loan agreement of
450 million USD
On February 17, 2020, the World Bank and the Government of India signed a loan
agreement to support the national programme that aims on strengthening ground water
institutions and also arrest the depletion of ground water resources.
1. Highlights
The project supported by the World Bank called the “National Ground Water
Management Improvement Programme” is to be implemented in the states of Uttar
Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka and Haryana. The
programme is to cover 78 districts. The districts were selected based on degree of
ground water depletion, degradation and exploitation of groundwater, institutional
readiness in implementing initiatives related to management of groundwater. The states
were selected as they span hard rock aquifers that are present in peninsular India and
alluvial aquifers that are found in Indo-Gangetic Plains.
2. Key Features of the Programme

The Programme is also called Atal Bhujal Yojana. It is a centrally sponsored scheme.
Under the scheme the World Bank will provide Rs 6,000 crores for sustainable
management of groundwater. The scheme is implemented by the Ministry of Jal Shakti.
146. US removed “Developing” Tag for India: What are its implications?
Recently, the United States of America removed the “developing” tag for dozens of
countries. India is one amongst them. These countries are to be classified as developed
economies
1. Highlights
The “Developing” status for a country in the US is associated with US Trade Act, 1974.
The act authorized General System of Preferences (GSP). The intention of the system is
to help the poor countries develop faster. The act was later adopted by the World Trade
Organization (WTO) and was extended to other rich countries as well. In WTO, around
two-thirds of the countries classify themselves as developing.
2. Background
Recently US had withdrawn India from its GSP listings. Under this preference there were
more than 2,000 items that were of worth 6.3 billion USD. This affects India harshly.
Hence, India has been asking the US to re-include the GSP status. Unfortunately, US has
permanently put an end to India’s GSP status by removing it from the list of developing.
February 18, 2020
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147. Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana: 4th National Conference held in
Udaipur
On February 17, 2020, the fourth National Conference of Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima
yojana was held in Udaipur, Rajasthan. The Conference was organized by Ministry of
Agriculture and Farmers Welfare.
1. Highlights
The Conference was attended by more than 140 members. It included members from
NABARD (National Bank of Agriculture and Rural Development), RBI (Reserve Bank of
India), insurance companies, etc. Currently, the scheme has three active participants
namely the state government, banking sector and the insurance sector. According to the
experts at the conference, for the scheme to achieve success, active participation of all
the three stakeholders is essential.
2. Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana

The scheme was launched in 2016. It replaced the Modified National Agricultural
Insurance Scheme and National Agricultural Insurance Scheme. Under the scheme the
farmers are paid a premium of 2% for Kharif crops and 1.5% for Rabi crops in case of
crop damages. The scheme is in line with One Nation-One Scheme theme.
148. GoI: 5th Meeting of Task Force of Active Pharmaceuticals

Ingredients discuss Corona Virus
On February 18, 2020, the Ministry of Shipping and Chemical Fertilizers held the fifth
meeting of Task Force. The Task Force discussed small, medium and large API units.
1. Highlights
The Ministry discussed on the availability of medicines and drugs to control the impacts
of Corona Virus. The Task Force also discussed and ensured that there shall be no
shortage of drugs, medicines and APIs in India.
2. What is API?
API (Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient) are ingredients that are biologically active. Every
drug is made of two core components. One is the API and the other is the Excipient. The
Excipients are the ingredients that keep the drug stable for long term.
3. Significance
Recently the prices of paracetamol, a common analgesic has jumped by 40% in India.
The prices of other antibiotics have also risen by 70%. This is mainly due to the outbreak
of Corona Virus. Therefore, it is important for the GoI to control these scenarios. The task
forces assist the GoI in these situations to report and control them.
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149. India attends 3rd Global Conference on Road Safety held in
collaboration with WHO, World Bank
On February 17, 2020, the Minister of Road Transport and Highways Nitin Gadkari
represented India at the 3rd global Conference on Road Safety. The Conference aimed at
achieving Global Goals 2030. It was held in Stockholm, Sweden.
1. Highlights
The conference was held in collaboration with WHO and World Bank. The conference
aims at renewing the commitment of the world community towards road safety. The
participated leaders will prepare ways to achieve UN Decade of Action of reducing road
crashes by 2030.
2. The Decade of Action

The United Nations Decade of Action for Road Safety was proclaimed in March 2010 for
the decade 2011-20. The plan included 4 pillars as follows
3. Need
According to the United Nations, more than 1.3 million people die every year due to road
traffic crashes and more than 20 to 50 million get injured.
150. What is Adjusted Gross Revenue?
There was a tussle between the Telecommunication industries and the GoI over the
license fee settlement. The Union Budget waived penalty for those who paid their
interest charges over the disputed tax liabilities before March 2020. The case over the
license fee settlement was pronounced in favour of the GoI recently. Following this,
several companies like Airtel, Vodafone, TATA have recently paid their dues
1. What is AGR?
Adjusted Gross Revenue are mainly collected from two main charges namely usage and
licensing fee. Apart from these fees, it also includes other revenues like profits, revenue
from assets, etc.
2. What was the tussle?

The New Telecom Policy 1999 says that the Telecom operators are required to pay a part
of their AGR (Adjusted Gross Revenue) to the GoI as License Fee. While GoI includes
revenue from all the assets and profits, the Telecoms argue that the charges under AGR
should be pertained only to revenue generated from Telecom services.
151. Economic Census begins at the National Capital Region
The seventh Economic Census was flagged off at the National Capital by the Ministry of
Statistics and Programme Implementation. This is the first time the Census is being
carried out in Digital Platform. The Ministry has tied up with Common Service Centres
Network (CSCN) for the digital implementation of the census
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1. Highlights
Delhi is the 26th state where the Census is being launched. It is already in process in 20
states and 5 Union Territories. At the capital, it will take three months for the census to
complete. More than 1.5 lakh trained volunteers are to visit more than 35 crore
establishments to carry out the census.
2. National Economic Census

The Indian Economic Census is counting the entrepreneurial units involved in
agricultural, non-agricultural or any other economic activity. It provides information
about the number of establishments in the country, number of persons employed, type
of ownership, finance, etc. So far, 6 economic censuses have been held. They were in
1977, 1980, 1990, 1998, 2005, 2013. The seventh Census is the ongoing census that
began in 2019.
152. 14,100 tonnes of the rare metal, Lithium Reserves found in India
The researchers at the India’s Atomic Energy Commission have found Lithium Reserves
of 14,100 tonnes in Mandya. Mandya is 100 km away from Bengaluru, Karnataka. Being
a very rare metal Lithium is mainly used in manufacturing batteries for electric vehicles.
1. Highlights
The reserves found is very little as compared to the world’s leading producers of Lithium.
Of the major producers Chile produces 8.6 million tonnes, Australia produces 2.8 million
tonnes and 1.7 million tonnes in Argentina.
2. India’s Scenario
Currently, India imports 1.2 billion USD worth lithium batteries (2019). This has
increased significantly. In 2017, India imported 384 million USD worth lithium batteries.
3. Issues
Though India has very little reserves of Lithium and are spread in different places, they
can be of significant use. But these reserves are not yet mapped. These reserves can be
of good help to promote the clean-energy wave in India. GoI is on the path of
implementing 1.4 billion USD plan to make India a manufacturing hub of electric
vehicles.
153. Kala Kumbh: Exhibition to promote GI crafts and Heritage of India

held in New Delhi
On February 18, 2020, the Ministry of Textiles organized “Kala Kumbh”. It is an

exhibition to promote GI (Geographical Indication) crafts and heritage of India. These
exhibitions are sponsored by the Export Promotion Council for Handicrafts.
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1. Highlights
The exhibition has been planned in several cities such as Bengaluru, Mumbai, Chennai
and Kolkata. The exhibition is being held exclusively for GI tag handicrafts. The GI tag is
used on handicrafts that correspond to specific geographical location. As of August 2019,
around 178 handicrafts have been provided with GI tag all over India.
2. Export Promotion Council

The Export Promotion Council are authorities that assist in promoting and supporting
their products in international market. They are non-profit groups. Every council is
responsible for a particular group of products.
154. India and Russia Defence Deals to cross 16 billion USD after
DefExpo 2020
India and Russia have signed 14 MoUs during the DefExpo 2020. It included land, air,
naval and other hi-tech civilian products. With the agreements signed the Defence trade
between the countries is to cross 16 billion USD.
1. Highlights
The trade of 16 billion USD between the countries includes S400 missiles, Kamov
helicopters and Kalashnikov rifles. During the DefExpo 2020, India’s DRDO (Defence
Research Development Organization) signed deals with the Russia’s state run Rosoboron
Export on advanced pyrotechnic ignition systems.
2. US Role
Despite the pressure from the US through CAATSA (Countering America’s Adversaries
Through Sanctions), India has proceeded to establish strong defence deals with Russia.
In fact, Russia was the largest foreign contributor at DefExpo 2020.
February 19, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
155. Indian Bird Species have declined by 80% says State of India’s Birds
Report at CMS COP 13
On February 18, 2020, the State of India’s Birds Report was released at the CMS COP 13.
It assessed the status of more than 867 birds. The report says that more than 80% of
Indian bird species have declined in the last 5 years. More than 15,000 bird watchers
participated in the survey.
1. Highlights
According to the report, the highest decline of birds in India was found in vultures,
eagles, warblers and migrating shore birds. The report says that habitat loss and hunting
are the two main reasons behind decline in bird population. The report is first of its kind.
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2. Stability
The stability in count was found only with house sparrows. Their population have gone
up in rural areas. The Indian peafowl was found in abundance according to the report.
Around 48% of bird species in the country were stable.
3. Assessment
The report was prepared based on three assessments namely long-term trend, measure
of distribution range and current annual trend.
3.1. Long Term Assessment

Out of the 261 species that were assessed on long term basis, 52% of them declined
since 2000. Only 43% showed a long-term trend and were stable. Around 22% of them
declined strongly.
3.2. Current annual Trend

The current annual trend was assessed over 146 species. Under this category, 80% of
the birds declined and 50% declined strongly. Only 6% were stable and 14% were
increasing in numbers.
4. Categories of Concern
The report with the help of IUCN Red List and the three indices classified the birds into
three categories. Around 442 of the birds were put under Low Concern Category, 319 in
Modern Concern Category and 101 in high concern category.
5. Who prepared the report?

The report was prepared by 10 research and conservation organizations. It included
Wildlife Institute of India, Natural History and Wetlands International South Asia, World
Wide Fund for Nature India, Bombay Natural History Society and Ashoka Trust for
Research in Ecology and Environment.
156. February 19: Soil Health Card Day
In order to commemorate the launch of Soil Health Card Scheme, the GoI is marking Soil
Health Card Day on February 19, 2020. The Soil Health Card Scheme was launched by
PM Modi on February 19, 2015.
1. Objectives
The Scheme was launched in 2015 to evaluate soil fertility. It was introduced to issue soil
health cards every two years. The aim of the scheme is to promote soil test in order to
promote nutrient management.
2. Need
The deterioration of physical, chemical and biological health of the soil is considered as
one of the main reasons for decline in agricultural productivity in the country. The soils
are currently holding negative nutrient balance. This is to increase in the future and will
decline the fertilizer response of the crop. Therefore, it is essential to improve the soil
health.
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3. Soil Health-Other Measures
3.1. Soil Health Management

The Soil Health Management under taken by GoI under the National Mission for
Sustainable Agriculture strengthens soil testing laboratories, establishes bio-fertilizers
and compost units, demonstrations and trainings on balanced use of fertilizers.
3.2. Nutrient Based Subsidy

The Nutrient based Subsidy scheme promoted fortified and customized fertilizers. Under
the scheme so far 21 fertilizers have been included. The scheme aims at balanced use of
fertilizers in order to maintain soil health.
3.3. Development of Model Village

In the year 2019-20, the Development of Model Village project was taken up. Under the
scheme, the soil samples were collected from individual farmers rather than collecting
from a cluster.
4. Success of Soil Health Card

In 2017, the National Productivity Council said that the Soil Health Card Scheme
promoted sustainable farming. This led to decrease in use of fertilizer application by 8 to
10%. Also, the overall yield of crops increased by 5%. This major improvement was
mainly due to application of fertilizers based on recommendations of soil health cards.
5. 5 years of Soil Health Card

Recently the Soil Health Card Scheme completed 5 years of success. Being launched at
Suratgarh, Rajasthan to improve health of the soil, the card provides information about
the nutrient status of the soil to the farmers.
157. Task Force Meet: India and Norway to strengthen their BLUE
ECONOMY PARTNERSHIP
In January 2019, India and Norway jointly inaugurated a Task Force of Blue Economy for
Sustainable Development. The third meet of the task force was held on February 18,
2020.
1. Highlights
India and Norway have been strengthening their ties making Indo-Norwegian Ocean
Cooperation as a key pillar in their bilateral relationship. The task force aims at
mobilizing stakeholders of India and Norway at the highest level to ensure progress
across ministries and agencies.
2. Significance
India being the largest democracy plays a major role in sustainable development both
globally and regionally. Also, 15% of Indian population residing in Norway are in the
coastal region. Above all, 70% of the Norwegian Economy depends on maritime industry
of the country.
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3. India Norway Business Summit
The Summit was held in New Delhi in January 2019 during the visit of Norwegian PM to
India. Around 15 MoUs were signed at the summit. It includes sustainable sea food
production, smart grids, energy markets, green shipping, digital solutions, etc. Green
shipping is use of LNG.
158. National Institutes renamed after late Union Ministers Sushma,

Arun Jaitley and Manohar Parrikar
The Government of India has been renaming the national institutes after late ministers.
The leaders passed away in 2019 due to health issues. They were Manohar Parrikar,
Arun Jaitley and Sushma Swaraj.
1. Objective of renaming
The renaming is being done in order to align the institutes on the lines of the vision of
the late leaders.
2. Manohar Parrikar
Parrikar served as the Minister of Defence between 2014 and 2017. The Institute of
Defence and Analyses (IDSA) has been renamed as Manohar Parrikar Institute of
Defence Studies. His biggest contribution was the One Rank One Pension scheme for the
armed forces.
2.1. IDSA
The IDSA was established in 1965. It was established for policy related studies in all
aspects of defence and security.
3. Sushma Swaraj
Sushma Swaraj served as the Minister of External Affairs. The Pravasi Bharatiya Kendra
in New Delhi was renamed as Sushma Swaraj Bhawan and also the Foreign Institute in
New Delhi was renamed as Sushma Swaraj Institute of Foreign Services.
4. Arun Jaitley
Arun Jaitley served as the finance minister. The National Institute of Financial
Management was renamed as Arun Jaitley National Institute of Financial Management.
Also, in September 2019, the Delhi Ferozeshah Kotla Cricket ground was renamed as
Arun Jaitley Stadium.
159. Foundation Stone for Lighthouse at Dhanushkodi laid
On February 18, 2020, foundation stone for a 50-metre high foundation stone laid at
Dhanushkodi in Rameswaram. This is the fifth lighthouse in the region
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1. Highlights
The light house is to be built at a cost of Rs 8 crore rupees. The lighthouse is to be
located opposite to the old church that was destroyed in a cyclone in 1964. It will
facilitate navigation to 33 to 37 km from the sea shore.
2. Significance
The lighthouse will help to guide fishermen and will also act as tourist attraction. The
Light house is also important for the naval commands. There are four Naval Commands
namely Western Naval Command, Eastern Naval Command, Southern Naval Command
and Andaman and Nicobar Naval Command.
3. Dhanushkodi
Dhanushkodi is an abandoned town at the southern tip of India. The town was
completely destroyed by the Rameswaram Cyclone in 1964. The town is separated from
the mainland by Palk Strait.
160. Pakistan Test Fires 600 km range Ra’ad II missile successfully
On February 19, 2020, Pakistan test fired 600 km range Ra’ad II missile successfully on
land and at sea. The missile range has been upgraded from 550km in 2017 to 600km. It
is important for India to closely monitor such advances as New Delhi is roughly 430km
from Lahore.
1. Highlights
The first Ra’ad II missile was unveiled in an annual parade in Pakistan in 2017. Ra’ad I
had a range of 35km. The changes have been made significantly in the tail part of the
missile. Ra’ad I had twin tail and was bigger in size. The recently test fired Ra’ad II had
“X” configuration.
2. Nirbhay Cruise Missile

It is an all-weather missile that was designed and developed in India by DRDO (Defence
Research Development Organization). So far, India has completed six developmental
trials of the missile. The next test is to happen in April 2020.
161. IISc ranked 16th in Times Higher Education Ranking
On February 18, 2020, the Times Higher Education Ranking was released in London. The
ranking was titled “The Emerging Economies University Ranking 2020”.
1. Highlights
The Indian Institute of Science was ranked 16th among the top 100 Universities of
emerging Economies. The ranking included 533 Universities from 47 countries all over
the world. Out of these, 56 Indian Universities appeared in the ranking.
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2. Institute of Eminence
The Scheme was launched by GoI in 2017. One of the participating institutes of the
scheme Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham entered the top 100 for the first time. It had
moved 51 places from its ranking of 141 in 2019.
3. Prestigious Institutes
The IIT Kharagpur moved up 23 places to 32nd rank, IIT Delhi improved by 28 places and
was at 38th rank and IIT Madras was at 63rd rank climbing 12 places.
162. India shifts towards clean Diesel and Petrol from April 1
From April 1, 2020, India will shift to Euro-VI emission compliant from Euro-IV grades that
is being followed now. This means that India will shift towards more clean form of fuel.
1. Highlights
As India shifts to Euro VI grades, it will join select league of nations using pure and clean
fuel. These fuels contain just 10 parts per million of Sulphur. The Sulphur emissions are
the main reasons that choke pollution in major cities.
2. History
India adopted Euro II or equivalent BS III fuel that contains 350 parts per million of
Sulphur in 2010. Later, it took seven years for India to adopt to BS IV that contains 50
ppm of Sulphur. However, it took only three years to shift to BS VI standard.
163. Delhi Airport: The First Single-use Plastic-free airport
The Delhi International Airport Limited (DIAL) has become the first airport in India to
become free of single-use plastics. The airport committed itself to become single-use
plastics free on the World Environment Day in 2018.
1. Highlights
DIAL has used eco-friendly alternatives to reduce the plastic use. The Plastic items that
are exempted at the airport included sealed PET bottles, security tamper-evident bags,
pre-packaged materials from manufacturers and compostable plastic bags.
2. Significance
The step is being adopted to keep up India’s target of abolishing use of single-use
plastics by 2022. This targets six main types of plastics that are plastic cups, bags, small
bottles, plates, pouches and straws. The Swachh Bharat Mission is deployed in achieving
the target.
3. Need
India produces 26,000 tonnes of plastic trash every day. Much of this trash is dumped in
landfills, streets or spilled in waterways. Around 40% of the plastic used in the world is
single-use plastic. Therefore, it is highly imperative to take serious actions to stop their
usage.
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164. After English and Mandarin, Hindi-the third most spoken language
in the world
With 615 million speakers all over the world, Hindi is the third most spoken language in
the world. English is at the top with 1,132 million speakers followed by Mandarin with
1,117 million speakers.
1. Highlights
On February 18, 2020, the Ethnologue published its yearly database on living languages
of the world. It covered more than 7,111 living languages. It also published data on
languages that were gone out of usage in the recent history and that included around
348 languages.
2. Ethnologue
The Ethnologue is an annual publication that provides statistics of the living languages of
the world. It is published by SIL International since 1951. The publication released this
year in 2020 is its 22nd release.
165. Assisted Reproductive Technology Bill approved by Union Cabinet
On February 18, 2020, the Union Cabinet approved the Assisted Reproductive
Technology (Regulation) bill. The bill proposes to establish a national registry.
1. Highlights
The bill aims at setting up of a national board and as state board to implement a legal
framework. The bill also proposes to establish a central data base of banks and clinics all
over the country. It will help in identifying people that are involved in illegal embryo sale
and trafficking.
2. Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART)

The ART is used to treat infertility. The technology works to remove an egg from a
woman’s body and fertilize it with a man’s sperm to make an embryo.
166. 22nd Law Commission of India approved by the Union Cabinet
On February 19, 2020, the Union Cabinet approved the 22nd Law Commission of India.
The commission has been approved for a period of three years.
1. Highlights
The 22nd Law Commission will consist of a full time Chairperson. It has four full time
members. Also, secretaries from Department of Legal Affairs and Legislative
department.
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2. Law Commission of India
It is a non-statutory body that is constituted by the GoI from time to time. It was
constituted in 1955 for the first time. Since then it has been reconstituted for every 3
years. So far, the Law Commission of India has submitted 277 reports.
3. Benefits
The Law Commission will make recommendations based on the aspects of laws
entrusted upon it. It will undertake research works and suggest reforms that are
essential to enact new legislations.
4. Functions
The functions and objectives of the Law Commission are as follows
February 20, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
167. China moves against Pakistan in FATF, Turkey now the only
supporter
China has joined India and United States in putting Pakistan on Grey list of the FATF
(Financial Action Task Force). Both China and Saudi Arabia have joined US, India and
other European countries sending stern messages to Pakistan against its actions of
terror funding money laundering
1. Highlights
A Plenary session of the FATF is to be held in June 2020. China, Saudi Arabia and Turkey
were the three countries that supported Pakistan against FATF move in putting Pakistan
under Grey List. Now Turkey and Malaysia are the only supporters. 12 out of 39 votes
are required to move out of FATF list which Pakistan will not be able to.
2. FATF Grey List and Black List

The FATF is a Paris based organization that combats terrorism funding and money
laundering.
2.1. Grey List

The countries that are not safe and are supporting money laundering and terror funding
are included in the list.
2.2. Black List

The countries that is uncooperative tax havens for terror funding. They are also called
Non-Cooperative Countries or Territories (NCCTs).
3. Countries currently in Black List and Grey List

The lists now have been renamed to “Call for Action” and “Monitored Jurisdiction”. The
Call for Action countries or the Black List Countries include Iran and North Korea.
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168. GoI to launch “TILHAN Mission” to make India Self Reliant in oil
seed Production
On February 19, 2020, the Agricultural Minister Narendra Singh Tomar announced that
Government of India is to launch “TILHAN MISSION” to boost the oil seed production. The
announcement was made at an occasion of Soil Health Card Day. Soil Health Card Day
was celebrated all over India on February 19, 2020.
1. Highlights
Government of India is to increase oil seed production in order to make the country self-
reliant in oil seed production.
2. Current Oil Seed Scenario in India

India is the fourth largest vegetable oil economy in the world after USA, China and Brazil.
Today, the oil seeds account for 13% of cropped area in the country.
3. India-Malaysia
Recently, there has been major rifts between India and Malaysia over Palm oil. Malaysia
at the United Nations General Assembly meet placed open accusations on India for
abrogating Article 370 and its other steps towards development of Kashmir. Malaysian
PM accused India of invading and occupying Kashmir. According to India, Kashmir issue
is completely internal and is between India and Pakistan to settle upon.
4. Inference
India having cut its imports from Malaysia, is now on the plan of increasing its domestic
oil seed production.
169. Cabinet approves Phase II of Swachh Bharat Mission
On February 19, 2020, the Union Cabinet approved on implementing the phase II of
Swachh Bharat Mission. The phase II of the mission will focus on Open Defecation Free
Plus.
1. Highlights
The budget allocated for phase II of the mission is Rs 52,497 crores. The mission in this
phase is to converge with Jal Jeevan Mission and MGNREGA (Mahatma Gandhi National
Rural Employment Act).
2. Jal Jeevan Mission

The Jal Jeevan Mission was launched in August 2019. The mission aims to provide tap
water to all the households by 2024. It also focuses on desilting minor irrigation tanks
and using grey water for agriculture.
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3. Financial Assistance
An incentive of Rs 12,000 is to be provided for the construction of individual household
toilet. An additional financial assistance of Rs 2 lakhs to 3 lakhs is to be provided for
Gram Panchayats to construct Community managed Sanitary Complexes.
170. Manipur- the major role player of Act East Policy
India has been focusing on Act East Policy lately with a strong motive of developing the
North East. Out of all the North Eastern States, Manipur has evolved the major supporter
of Act East Policy.
1. Measures
The GoI and the Manipur Government have taken several measures together in order to
make the Act East Policy a big success. The integrated Check Post was inaugurated at
Moreh, the Indo-Myanmar border. The Check post handles 99% of trade between Indian
and Myanmar. The trade between the countries increased by 10% in a decade.
2. Act East Policy

The Act East Policy was launched as the Look East Policy in 1991. Through the North
East States India plans to increase its trade connectivity with ASEAN countries. The
Kaladan Multi-Modal Transit project, India-Myanmar-Thailand trilateral highway are some
of the projects that has taken trade between the countries to next level.
171. Cabinet approves to set up a 12-member Technology Group
On February 19, 2020, the Union Cabinet approved to set a technology group. The 12-
member group will provide scientific advice on mapping of technologies,
commercialization of dual use technologies and develop a road map on selected key
technologies.
1. Functions of the group

The group will help the GoI in achieving the following
2. Why was the group constituted?

The Group has been constituted as the GoI faced the following challenges
172. Union Cabinet approves Revamping of PM Fasal Bima Yojana and

RWBCIS schemes to address challenges
On February 19, 2020, the Union Cabinet approved revamping of challenges in insurance
schemes such as Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) and Restructured Weather
Based Crop Insurance Scheme (RWBCIS).
1. Highlights
The following changes are to be undertaken in the crop insurance schemes
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2. Benefits
With these steps, farmers will be able to cover and manage risks of agriculture
production. It will also enable farmers of North Eastern Region to manage agricultural
risk in a better way. The changes are to begin from the Kharif Season of 2020.
173. NITI Aayog organizes North East Sustainable Development Goal

Conclave 2020 in Assam
NITI Aayog is to organize North East Sustainable Development Goal Conclave 2020 in
Assam between February 24, 2020 and February 26, 2020. The Conclave is to be held in
the state capital Guwahati. Chief Ministers of all the north eastern states namely
Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Nagaland, Manipur, Meghalaya, Assam, Tripura and Sikkim
are to participate in the conclave.
1. Highlights
The conclave is to focus on SDG localization in the north eastern region. It includes
climate adaptive agriculture, sustainable livelihoods, education, health and nutrition,
skill development, connectivity, entrepreneurship, infrastructure development. Every
session is to chaired by respective field specialist.
2. Significance
NITI Aayog is currently monitoring SDGs at national and sub national levels. It is
important to make progress in the North East Regions at higher level as compared to the
rest of the nation. This is the mainly because of the economy of these states that is still
backward as compared to the rest of the country. Therefore, it is important to implement
SDG localization in the North Eastern States to achieve Agenda 2030.
174. February 20: Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh celebrate their

Statehood Day
On February 20, the states of Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram are celebrating their
statehood day. Statehood day marks the day of formation of the states. Arunachal
Pradesh became a state on 20th February 1987. And Mizoram that was a part of Assam
was formed on 20th February 1987.
1. Mizoram
Mizoram became a state with the implementation of North-Eastern Reorganization Act,
1972. Mizoram being a mountainous region was a district of Assam till 1972. It was the
23rd state to be formed in India.
2. Arunachal Pradesh
In 1972, the state was called the North-East Frontier Agency. Later in 1975, an elected
Legislative Assembly was constituted. After the Reorganization act, 1972, Arunachal
Pradesh remained as a Union Territory. It became a state in 1987.
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175. GoI sets up Consumer Protection Authority to implement Consumer
Protection Act
The Government of India is to set up a Consumer Protection Authority in order to

implement the Consumer Protection Act. The authority is to begin working from April
2020.
1. Highlights
The Consumer Protection Bill, 2019 was approved the Parliament in 2019 replacing
Consumer Protection Act, 1986. It aims to focus on rapid settlement of consumer
disputes, strict penalties for wrong doings that include misleading ads by firms and
adulteration.
2. Consumer Protection act, 2019

The act apart from working towards effective administration in settling consumer
disputed, also brings E-Commerce under Jurisdiction. It also holds celebrities accountable
for promoting wrong products. Under the act, the celebrities can be fined up to Rs 10
lakhs for their misleading acts.
176. India ranks 77 on sustainability index and 131 on Flourishing Index
On February 20, 2020, WHO, Lancet and UNICEF together released a report titled “A
Future for the World’s Children”. According to the report, a new Global index has been
included in comparing performance of child nutrition, education and sustainability.
1. Highlights
The report says that India has improved in health and sanitation. However, it has to
increase its spending on Health. Around 180 countries were compared in the report. The
parameters of comparison included child survival, child wellbeing, health and education,
sustainability, child nutrition.

Because of stunting and poverty, around 250 million children in low- and middle-income
countries are at risk of not reaching their developmental potential.
3. Best and Least Performers

The children in countries such as Republic of Korea and Netherlands have best chances
of survival. On the other hand, Chad, Niger, Somalia and Mali were the least performers
and face very bad odds.
4. Current Scenario
The report has named USA, Saudi Arabia and Australia as the top 10 highest emitters.
Norway, Netherlands and Republic of Korea emit 210% more than the target set by them
towards the per capita target of 2030.
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5. Major Issues
According to the report, the poorest countries have to do more to support their children
health and ability. They have to spend lots towards their children health in order to
provide them healthy lives. This disproportionately is affected by the carbon emissions
from rich countries. The issue overall is threatening lives of all children.
177. Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) tops in Nature

Ranking Index-2020
The CSIR of Delhi topped the National Ranking Index 2020 that ranks the scientific
research institutes. CSIR was followed by IISc Bangalore.
1. Highlights
The Rankings were provided based on the numbers of research output. It is indicated by
total citations in numbers. It also includes shares, that is the sharing percentage of an
article.
2. Share percentage and scores

The first rank holder CSIR had a share percentage of 87.74 and 142 counts. Followed by
CSIR, IISC Bangalore had a share percentage of 83.61 and 211 count. The third rank was
won by the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) with share percentage of
62.18 and 232 count.
3. Top Institutes
The other top institutes included Homi Bhabha National Institute, IIT Bombay, IIT Madras,
Indian Association of Cultivation of Science, IIT Guwahati.
4. GoI Requirements
The GoI is urging scientists to work on topics such as artificial intelligence, 5G,
malnutrition, water conservation, prosperity of farmers, etc. The country is in need of
these experts.
178. World Wide Education for the Future Index: India jumps to rank 35
The Economic Intelligence Unit recently published the Worldwide Education for the
Future Index for the year 2019. India has jumped by five ranks and currently holds rank
35.
1. Highlights
The ranking is provided based on the ability of a country to equip their students in skill-
based education. India ranked 35th with an overall score of 53. The scores were
provided based on the performance of the countries in three countries namely teaching,
policy environment and teaching environment. In 2018, India ranked 40th with an overall
score of 41.2.
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2. Global Rankings
Among the largest economies the countries that fell back in their rankings include US,
UK, Russia and France. On other hand, India, China and Indonesia performer better as
compared to the previous year.
179. Animal Culture linked to its Conservation at CMS COP 13 for the
first time
The Convention on the Conservation on Migratory birds Conference of Parties (CMS COP
13) is being held in Gandhinagar. Proposals were presented to conserve Sperm Whales
and Chimpanzees based on their culture. This is the first time such proposal is being
made in the world.
1. Highlights
It was presented at the conference that some of the animals such as elephants, dolphins
and whales acquire some of their knowledge through social learning. They learn most of
their behaviors from adults, especially the migrating routes.
2. Findings
The report presented at the conference says that when a species gets vanished from an
area, its critical knowledge will also be lost. For instance, as a result of commercial
whaling in the coast of New Zealand, the whales lost their knowledge of migration route
and stopped calving in the region. This was during 1800. Recently, in 2000, after 200
years, they have started calving in the region again.
February 21, 2020
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180. February 21: International Mother Language Day
On February 21, UNESCO is celebrating International Mother Language Day. It is

important to celebrate the day as globalization process has put languages under threat
and they are disappearing altogether. When languages fade away, the cultural diversity
of the world fades away as well.
1. Highlights
Every year, UNESCO has been celebrating International Mother Language Day since
2000. The main purpose of celebrating the day is to promote multilingualism and
cultural diversity. This year the International Mother Language Day is celebrated under
the theme
2. Need
Today, more than 6,000 languages are spoken in the world according to UNESCO.
However, out of these 43% are estimated to be endangered.
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3. United Nations
In 2007, the United Nations called upon its members to promote, preserve and protect
their languages. It also proclaimed the year 2008 as the “International Year of
Languages”.
4. Matribhasha Diwas
In India, the day is celebrated under the theme
181. Asian Elephant, Great Indian Bustard and Bengal Florican classified
as “Endangered Migratory Species” at CMS COP13
On February 20, 2020, Asian Elephant, Indian Bustard and Bengal Florican were declared
as “Endangered Migratory Species” at the CMS COP 13. The proposal was accepted by
130 countries.
1. Asian Elephant
India declared Indian Elephant as “National Heritage Animal”. This provides highest
degree of legal protection to the animal under Schedule I of Wildlife (Protection) Act,
1972. The Asian elephants are called Indian Elephants in the country. The threats to the
Indian Elephants include habitat loss, human elephant conflict, habitat fragmentation,
illegal trade and poaching.
2. Bengal Florican
The population of the species has declined greatly due to habitat loss. The Bengal
Florican does not breed outside the protected areas today. It is listed as the critically
endangered species under the IUCN list and is of the topmost conservation priority.
3. Great Indian Bustard

The Great Indian Bustard is also listed under critically endangered species in IUCN Red
List. In order to protect the species, the Indian Government has declared their habitats
as conservation reserves. According to the Wildlife Institute of India, there are only 150
Great Indian Bustards left in the country.
182. One Million Dollar Worth Prizes created by Sweden for sustainable
Food Solutions
Sweden has created 1 million USD worth prizes to feed billion of people. The prize is
named as the “Food Planet Prize”. The main aim of the step is to address the climate
change threats towards food supply all over the world.
1. Highlights
The prize is to be awarded annually. Sweden is to offer two Food Planet prizes. They are
“an existing scalable solution for sustainable foods” and the other includes “innovative
initiatives to transform global food sector”.
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2. Need
Today, the world population is 7.8 billion and is expected to grow by 10 billion by 2050.
In order to feed such a huge population, it is essential to transform the eating habits,
reduce food waste and also improve food production.
183. President’s Secretary Sanjay Kothari named the next CVC by PM led
panel
The appointment of the CVC (Chief Vigilance Commissioner) was criticized throughout
India as the new appointee was a part of the Search Committee. After the wide
criticization, President Secretary Sanjay Kothari has now been recommended by the PM
led panel.
1. Highlights
The Central Vigilance Commission is the premier Government Agency that prevents
corruption. It was established in 1964 as recommended by the Santhanam Committee. It
was neither a statutory body nor a constitutional body. In 2003, the Parliament enacted
a law conferring statutory status to the CVC.
2. Functions of CVC
The CVC makes investigation over references made by the Central Government. The
Central Government shall make recommendations against an employee under
Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988. It has powers to give directions to the CBI under
Delhi Special Police Establishment act.
184. Revision of interest subvention under Diary Processing and

Infrastructure Development Fund from 2% to 2.5%
The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs recently approved its revision of interest
subvention rates from 2% to 2.5% per annum. This is being done under Diary Processing
and Infrastructure Development Fund (DIDF).
1. Highlights
Under the DIDF, GoI will now provide interest subvention up to 2.5% to NABARD till
2030. This shall enable NABARD in devising its own strategy of borrowing. In turn, it will
be able to provide low cost of funds to milk unions.
2. Impacts
There are more than 95 lakh milk producers that will be benefitted with this move. It will
help in establishment of 28,000 milk coolers and create 210 metric tonnes of milk drying
capacity.
3. Implementation
The major activities that are covered under the fund includes chilling infrastructure,
electronic adulteration testing kit, modernization of milk processing facilities and project
management.
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4. DIDF scheme
The DIDF Scheme was announced in Union Budget 2017-18 by the Ministry of Finance.
Under the scheme DIDF considerable amount is contributed by NABARD to the National
Diary Development Board and National Cooperative Development Corporation.
185. RBI launches 5-year Financial Inclusion Strategy
The Reserve Bank of India has launched National Strategy for Financial Inclusion (2019-
24). The main motive of the strategy is to provide access to financial services in an
affordable manner.
1. Highlights
The Strategy has been launched after thorough consultation with SEBI (Securities
Exchange Board of India), PFRDA (Pension fund Regulatory and Development Authority
of India) and also Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI). The
strategy was launched based on the recommendations of the Financial Inclusion
Advisory Committee that worked in consultation with the above agencies.
2. Key Recommendations
The following are the recommendations included in the strategy
186. Fourth Anniversary of Shyama Prasad Mukherji Rurban Mission

celebrated
The Fourth Anniversary of Shyama Mukherji Rurban Mission is being celebrated all over
India on February 21, 2020. It was launched on February 21, 2016. The mission aims at
stimulating local economic development and create well planned Rurban Regions
1. Highlights
The mission aims to develop 300 Rurban clusters. The Niti Aayog has proposed that
these clusters are to be extended to 1000 in 3 years.
2. The Mission
The mission aims to preserve the essence of rural community life. It was announced in
the Union Budget 2014-15. The Budget allocated Rs 5,142 crores of rupees for the
scheme. As 69% of rural population lives in the rural areas, the mission aims on the
availability of amenities to the rural population.
3. The Plan
The Mission plans to develop Rurban clusters contiguously with the Gram Panchayats
with a population of 25,000 to 50,000 in plains and 5,000 to 15,000 in desert and hilly
areas.
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187. Maharashtra Government orders to destroy “Thai Mangur” fish
breeding centres
On February 21, 2020, the Maharashtra Government ordered to destroy the Thai Mangur
fish breeding centres. This is mainly because the fish is cultivated in unhygienic
conditions.
1. Highlights
The fish whose breeding is to be stopped in Maharashtra is commonly called Thai
Mangur or foreign Mangur or African Mangur. As they are being cultivated in unhygienic
conditions and have enough potential to make people sick, their breeding centres are
being destroyed.
2. Thai Mangur
The Mangur Fish was banned in India as the fish poses threats to other fishes in an
ecosystem. A study in Mumbai says hat the Mangur fish is responsible for 70% decline in
native fish species of the country
3. Why so Popular?
In spite of several drawbacks, cultivation of Mangur and their sales is popular for its
surviving capabilities. The fish grows 3 feet to 5 feet. They can survive even in mud
waters between rains. Other factors such as omnivorous diet, burrowing capabilities,
ability to survive on land and ability to hide in vegetation make the species easy and
economical for farming.
188. IIT to set up Data Science Centre at Kanjikode campus
The Indian Institute of Technology, Palakkad is to set uo a research centre in data

science. The centre being set up at Kanjikode aims at providing a platform of research
for artificial intelligence and Data Science
1. Highlights
The centre has been named as the Centre for Research and Education in Data Science.
The Centre will collaborate with the Government, industries and other academic
institutes
2. Data Science
It is the field that uses scientific algorithms, processes and methods to extract
knowledge from unstructured and structured data.
3. What is Data Localization?

It refers to the rules, laws and regulations that speaks on the collection of data on a
Nation’s citizens. It also includes processing and storing such data.
4. Indian Laws on Data Localisation

Currently in India the only mandate on Data Localization is that provided by Reserve
Bank of India, that too only for Payment systems. However, there are several draft bills
and reports on Data Localization.
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189. First Khelo India University Games to be held in Bhuwaneshwar
The first Khelo India University Games is to be held in Bhuwaneshwar, Odisha. The game
is to be launched by PM Modi through video conferencing.
1. Highlights
More than 3400 athletes in 17 disciplines and from 159 Universities are to participate in
the game. This is the first of its kind. On the whole, 17 sports are to be conducted. It
includes athletics, archery, fencing, boxing, hudo, weight lifting, swimming, badminton,
wrestling, basketball, hockey, football, tennis, table tennis, rugby, volley ball, Kabaddi.
2. Khelo India
Khelo India is a National Programme for Development of Sports. The main objective of
the initiative is to inculcate sports culture at Grass-root level. While, the Khelo India
University Games are being launched for the first time in the country, Khelo India School
games were launched in 2018 and has been conducted annually in the month of
January-February since then.
190. National Organic Food Festival inaugurated in New Delhi
Ministry of Food Processing and Ministry of Women and Child Development jointly
inaugurated the National Organic Food Festival in New Delhi. The festival aimed at
strengthening organic food produce in the country. It also aimed at encouraging women
entrepreneurs in manufacturing organic produce.
1. Highlights
More than 180 women entrepreneurs and self-help groups exhibited their organic
products at the festival. It was announced at the festival that the organic sector is
growing at a speed of 17% per year.
2. Jaivik Kheti
It is a National Project on Organic Farming. Under the scheme, the GoI aims to
strengthen organic farming. It was launched in 2004. It was introduced in 10th five-year
plan. Though the scheme initially aimed on usage of Bio-Fertilizers, later it focused on
producing organic foods.
February 24, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
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191. International Judicial Conference held in New Delhi
The International Judicial Conference was held in New Delhi recently. The Conference
was addressed by PM Modi. The following theme was introduced at the conference
1. Highlights
The Conference discussed the changes being introduced by the Government of India to
bring Gender Equality in recruiting women in military services, selection process of
fighter pilots. It also discussed on freedom of women to work in mines at night.
2. The “Just-World” Hypothesis

The “Just World” fallacy is associated with the actions of bringing fair actions towards
education, health, gender equality and other social issues.
192. February 24: PM-Kisan Scheme completes one year
On February 24, 2020, the Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi Yojana completed one
year of its implementation. The scheme was launched to increase the income of farmers.
It aims to help farmers by providing them income support of Rs 6,000 per year.
1. Highlights
The Scheme initially provided income support to small and marginal farmers that hold
land up to 2 hectares. Later, it was extended to all farmers irrespective of the size of
their land holdings. Around 14 crore farmers were to covered under the scheme.
2. PM Kisan Samman Nidhi Yojana

In order to gain the benefits from the scheme, the farmers have to produce citizenship
certificate, Aadhaar card, land holding papers and bank account details. The amount are
to be deposited directly in to the farmers’ accounts under the scheme.
193. Temperature controlled largest Terminal to store Agro and Pharma

Products launched at Mumbai airport
The Mumbai airport has recently launched the world largest temperature-controlled
facility to store agro and pharma products. The “Export Cold Zone” launched is capable
of holding more than 700 tonnes of cargo.
1. Highlights
The terminal connects 500 cargo destinations spread across 175 countries. The unit is
spread over 6,000 square metres. It is spread across 12 truck docks equipped with dock-
levellers, automated workstations, spacious acceptance and examination area, X-Ray
machines and Ball mat system for Unit Load Device.
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2. IATA CEIV PHARMA
It is an accreditation provided by International Air Transport Association. The Centre of
Excellence for Independent Validators in Pharmaceuticals Logistics (CEIV Pharma) was
launched by IATA in order to enhance the supply chain of pharma products all over the
world. This accreditation establishes safety, security, efficiency and compliance in
handling pharmaceutical products.
194. US to sign peace deal with Taliban forces to end war in Afghanistan
The US President Donald Trump recently announced that the United States of America
will sign a peace agreement with the Taliban forces on February 29, 2020.
1. Highlights
The US and the Taliban forces are to sign peace agreement to end the war of 18 years in
Afghanistan. After the agreement, 12,000 US troops that are currently deployed in
Afghanistan are to return to US.
2. Taliban
The Talibans are sunni Islamic fundamentalists that are currently waging war in
Afghanistan. The Taliban held power between 1996 and 2001. They emerged a powerful
political and military organization in Afghanistan. Under Taliban rule in Afghanistan,
Opium was completely eradicated. But today, 80% of the world opium originates in
Afghanistan. However, the Talibans openly celebrated the 09/11 attacks on the US.
3. US-Taliban
The US waged war in Afghanistan after the 9/11 terrorist attack. The war was waged to
roll back the control of Taliban. The US conducted two major operations to contain
terrorism of Talibans. They were Operation Enduring Freedom (2001-14) and Operation
Freedom’s Sentinel (2015-present).
195. ICMR Report says Delhi and Ahmedabad tops in added-fat

consumption
The Indian Council of Medical Research conducted study on the food habits of the
citizens of the country. The study said that vegetarians consume more fat than that of
non-vegetarians. Also, among the metropolitan cities of India, Delhi and Ahmedabad
topped the list in average consumption of added fat.
1. Highlights
The survey was conducted by ICMR based on the data provided by the National Nutrition
Monitoring Bureau. According to the study, people whose diet relied on deep fried food
consumed more added fat than those who ate boiled food.
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2. GoI on Nutrition
India is a signatory of the resolution “Transforming our World: 2030 Agenda for
Sustainable Development”. Achieving Inclusive Growth is one of the main targets of
Sustainable Development Goals. Under the target, India is stepping towards food
security with Nutrition playing the major role.
196. Artificial Intelligence based Chatbot ASKDISHA launched by the

Railways
The Indian Railways recently launched Artificial Intelligence based chatbot called
“ASKDISHA”. The chatbot will interact with the Railway customers in Hindi language
resolving their queries.
1. Highlights
The Chatbot was initially launched in 2018 in English. Now, the chatbot has been
empowered to converse in Hindi. The bot handles more than 3.000 inquiries. There are
further plans to launch the chatbot in more languages.
2. AI in Indian Railways
Indian Railways is the fourth largest in the world. The technology of Artificial Intelligence
in Indian Railways is implemented in the following areas
3. Budget 2020
In the Union Budget 202, Rs 1.61 lakh crores were allocated for Indian Railways. This is
3% higher than the previous year budget allocation. With this, GoI plans to make the
railway stations smarter with faster Wi-Fi and easy smart digital technology-based
ticketing.
197. Facts Box: Thal Sena Bhawan, the new Army Headquarters
The Defence Minister Rajanth Singh recently laid foundation stone to construct a new
Army Headquarters in Delhi Cantontment. The building has been named “Thal Sena
Bhawan”.
1. Highlights
The building is designed as a rising sun and is spread over 39 acres. The new
department that integrates army, navy and air force is to be placed under Chief of
Defence Staff in the new building. The construction of the building is expected to be
completed in 3 to 4 years. Around 1,700 officers and 1,300 sub staffs are to be
accommodated in the building.
2. GRIHA
Griha is Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment. These buildings consume
resources from municipal wastes or indirectly from emissions of electricity generation. It
is basically a rating tool. It gives star rating to the buildings based on their performance
in using resources for their design, build, running and demolition provisions.
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198. February 24: Central Excise Day
Every year, on February 24, the Central Excise Day is being celebrated by Central Board
of Excise and Customs all over India. The day is being celebrated to honour the service
of Central Board of Excise and Custom (CBEC) to the country.
1. Highlights
The day is also celebrated to honour the officers associated with CBEC and their
services. This is done to encourage the officers to carry out their duties with utmost
sincerity. The officers, every year perform checking of corruption in goods from
manufacturing sector.
2. History
The say is celebrated to commemorate the legislation of Central Excise and Salt act in
24 February, 1944.
3. CBEC
The CBEC operates under Ministry of Finance. It deals with policy formulation related to
collection of service tax and central excise and duties. It is also responsible for the
checking the implementation of Customs act, 1962, Central Excise Act 1944, Customs
Tariff Act 1975 and Service Tax Act.
199. PM Kisan Mobile App launched to succeed “Doubling Farmer

Income by 2022”
The successful completion of one year of Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi is being
celebrated on February 24, 2020. In order to commemorate its success, PM Kisan Mobile
app was launched by the Minister of Agriculture and Farmer Welfare Narendra Singh
Tomar.
1. Highlights
The application helps farmers to learn about their payment status, their eligibility
towards a scheme and several other information. The application will help the
government to reach farmers easily. It will also act as a platform to deliver information
about government schemes and other beneficiaries. This overall will help GoI achieve its
goal of “Doubling Farmers’ Income by 2022” easily.
2. PM Kisan Samman Nidhi

The small and marginal landholders are eligible to receive Rs 6,000 per year under the
scheme. The following higher economic status of agricultural sector are not eligible
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200. NITI Aayog Report: 28% of Aadhaar based payment are going to
wrong accounts
The NITI Aayog has released a progress report on National Nutrition Mission (Poshan
Abhiyaan). According to the report, one in three Aadhaar based payments was credited
to a wrong bank account, especially in Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana.
1. Highlights
This is the second report prepared by the think tank. The report was prepared and
released by the Ministry of Women and Child Development. According to the report, 28%
of Aadhaar based payments were going to wrong bank accounts.
2. Why PMMVY in specific?

Out of all the women and child development schemes, PMMVY is crucial because, Rs
6,000 transferred to the pregnant and lactating mothers should reach them on time. This
is because they are credited as wage compensation and for their betterment of health.
3. Ranking of the states

The report also ranked the states based on 4 parameters namely
201. Facts Box: Cheetah Reintroduction Project
Cheetah has become extinct in India for more than 70 years now due to over hunting.
Hence, several steps are being taken for the reintroduction of the cat in the country. It
was brought up at CMS-COP 13 as well.
1. Highlights
On January 28, 2020, the Supreme Court of India cleared way for the reintroduction of
Cheetah Project. It is expected that the National Tiger Conservation Authority will
reintroduce the mammal in Kuno-Palpur Wildlife Sanctuary after conducting an
assessment.
2. Cheetah in India
Cheetah has become extinct in India mainly because of hunting. The last Cheetah was
shot in Chhattisgarh in 1947. In 2000, scientists proposed to clone Asiatic Cheetah from
Iran. However, the plan was dropped as Iran demanded for an Asiatic lion in return. After
such several hurdles, Cheetah is being reintroduced in the country.
February 25, 2020
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202. US President Donald Trump visits India: Signs Defence Deals
On February 24, 2020, the US President Donald Trump visited India. He was
accompanied by his wife, the first lady, Melania Trump, daughter Ivanka and son-in-law
Jared Kushner. Along side his visit, India and US signed defence deals worth 3 billion
USD.
1. Highlights
The President was welcomed by PM Modi in a traditional way at Ahmedabad airport. Mr
Trump later visited Sabarmati Ashram and Taj Mahal. The leaders then addressed a
large gathering at Motera stadium. India celebrated the visit of the US President by
naming the event as “Namaste Trump”.
2. Defence Deal
India and US will sign two defence deals for helicopters. Around 24 MH-60R helicopters
are to be signed for Indian Navy and six AH-64E helicopters are to be signed for Apache
helicopters.
3. India-US
The defence relation between India and US began in 2005. The countries signed a
framework to build a strategic defence cooperation between them. In 2012, the Defence
Technology and Trade Initiative (DTTI) was launched. The DTTI implements Next
Generation Protective Ensembles for Chem-bio protection. In 2015, a strategic vision for
Asia Pacific (the now Indo Pacific) and the Indian Ocean Region was signed.
203. Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohammad resigns
On February 24, 2020, the Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohammad resigned over
political issues.
1. Highlights
The 94-year old Mahathir tried to form a coalition. This move would exclude his
successor Anwar Ibrahim. This led to a tussle in the party and eventually the leader
resigned. However, he will act as an interim PM.
2. India and Mahathir

Mr Mahathir was known for his comments on India’s Abrogation of Article 370. At the
United Nations General Assembly that was held in September 2019, he commented that
India “invaded, occupied” Kashmir. Following this, India slowly stopped importing Palm
oil from Malaysia. This hit Malaysian Palm oil market greatly.
3. India-Malaysia
Malaysia is the 19th largest investor of India. There are more than 150,000 Indians living
in Malaysia. Following Palm oil, India is to impose curbs over other imports from Malaysia
such as micro-processors, telecom products, aluminium ingots, aluminum wire, etc.
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204. GoI launches “SPICe+” to improve Ease of Doing Business in the
country
On February 24, 2020, the Government of India launched SPICe+, a web form that
integrates 10 services of various ministries and departments. This will help boost Ease of
Doing Business in India. It was launched by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs.
1. Highlights
The Simplified Proforma for Incorporating Company Electronically Plus provides 10
services thereby saving time, cost for starting a business in India. It offers 10 services
namely DIN allotment, issue of PAN, TAN, EPFO. ESIC registration, opening bank account
for a company, allotment of GSTIN, issue of Profession Tax, etc.
2. Ease of Doing Business Ranking

In 2019, the World Bank placed India at the 136th rank for Ease of Starting Business. It
was provided the 154th and 115th ranks for paying taxes and enforcing contracts
respectively. Therefore, it is essential for initiatives such as SPICe+ to improve India’s
position globally.
205. Minister reviews progress of meeting of Institute of Eminence
On February 24, 2020, the Union Minister Shri Ramesh Pokhriyal chaired a high-level
meeting to review the progress of Institutes of Eminence.
1. Highlights
The following decision were taken at the meeting
2. Unnat Bharat Scheme

Unnat Bharat Scheme was launched to promote development in the rural areas. The
scheme aims to address the increasing inequity in the rural areas due to ecological
degradation.
206. February 25: First anniversary of National War Memorial

commemorated
On February 25, 2020, the first anniversary of National War Memorial was
commemorated. The CDS Bipin Rawat paid tribute to the memorial and so did several
other leaders of the country.
1. Highlights
The memorial was dedicated by the Prime Minster to honour the fallen heroes of wars.
Today, more than 5,000 people visit the monument everyday. The monument was built
in 40 acres of land at India Gate, New Delhi. The monument honours more than 26,000
soldiers.
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2. India Gate
India Gate is also a war memorial. It was built in 1931 to commemorate the Martyrs of
India who died in World War I. It bears names of more than 13,516 soldiers who
sacrificed their lives in the war.
207. Human Resources Development Ministry presents Vishwakarma

Awards
On February 24, 2020, the Union Minster Ramesh Pokhriyal presented the Vishwakarma
awards for the year 2019. Around 23 groups were awarded Chatra Vishwakarma Awards
and 6 institutes were awarded with Utkrisht Santhan Vishwakarma Award.
1. Highlights
This year the theme of competition of the award is as follows
2. About Vishwakarma Awards

The awards were instituted by AICTE (All India Council for Technical Education) since
2017. They are being awarded every year for the growth of the society. The Chhatra
Vishwakarma awards are Class I awards and are presented for highly progressive staff.
The Utkrisht Sansthan Vishwakarma Awards are Class II awards that are presented to
excellent institutional intervention.
3. AICTE
The All India Council for Technical Education is an advisory body that gained statutory
status in 1987. It accredits graduate and post graduate programmes. The body is
assisted by 10 other statutory boards such as Technical education, architecture
education, vocational education, pharmaceutical education, etc
208. GoI: More firearms for Indian Shooters and others should surrender
excess guns
On February 24, 2020, the Ministry of Home Affairs has issued notification under the
Arms Act, 1959 and Arms Rules, 2016. The main aim of the notice is to facilitate the
shooting practices of Indian Shooters.
1. Highlights
According to the new rules, the renowned shooters and international medalists shall hold
12 additional weapons. Earlier the number was seven. Also, if a shooter is renowned in
one event, he shall hold 8 and if he is an expert in more than 2 events, he shall hold 10
and for more than 2 events, he shall hold 12.
2. Issues of Arms (Amendment) Act

As the act was passed, the people of Punjab protested widely. This included
businessmen, farmers and even retired army men. This is because, according to them,
50% of the villagers in Punjab stay in remote places. They have to protect
themselves. Also, the villagers close to Pakistan border were insecure.
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3. Cultural Issues
The step is being opposed by the Rajputs as well. They possess antique guns that are
worshipped as family heirlooms.
209. Committee submits report on Clause 6 of Assam Accord
On February 25, 2020, a high-level committee submitted its report to the Assam Chief
Minister Sarbananda Sonowal over the implementation of Clause 6 of Assam Accord.
1. Highlights
The committee was headed by Retd Justice B K Sharma. The report is to be submitted by
the CM to the Union Home Minister Amit Shah.
2. What is Clause 6 of Assam Accord?

The Clause provides constitutional, administrative and legislative safeguards to preserve
and promote cultural, linguistic and heritage of Assamese people.
3. Actions taken under Clause 6

Several actions have been taken under Clause 6 to provide administrative, constitutional
and legislative safeguards to the Assamese people. They include
4. What is Assam Accord?

Assam Accord was an agreement signed between the government of India and the
leaders of Assam Movement in 1985. Under the agreement, the GoI agreed to accept all
the migrants that entered before 1966 and GoI agreed to provide social, political,
cultural and economic rights to the Assamese people.
210. Five Judges of Supreme Court infected with Swine Flu; Ministry of
Health takes immediate actions
On February 25, 2020, five judges of Supreme Court were infected from Swine Flu.
Though the disease caused by H1N1 virus is seasonal, the Ministry of Health took several
preventive measures in order to prevent further spread of the disease.
1. Highlights
Under the guidance of Ministry of Health, Prophylactic treatment was given to all the
members who came in contact with the judges. A workshop is to be conducted at the Bar
Council of India Office.
2. Peak Seasons of H1N1

The Swine Flu is at its peak twice every year. It is between January and March and also
between July and September. Though, the infections are common at this point of time,
preventive actions being taken throughout the complex of the apex court to contain the
spread of the virus.
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3. H1N1
H1N1 is an Influenza virus. It was first reported in 2009. The stain of the virus that
infects humans are alone pandemic. The other stains of the virus namely swine influenza
infecting pigs and Avian Influenza infecting birds are endemic.
4. What is Pandemic, Endemic and Epidemic?

Pandemic is a disease that may spread throughout the world. Endemic is a disease that
exists permanently with in a territory or among a specific population. Epidemic is a
disease that attacks many people in the same time and spreads through several
communities.
211. President Trump visit to India: 2 MoUs and 1 Letter of Cooperation

signed
On February 24, 2020, the US President Donald Trump visited India along with his wife
Melania Trump. On the sidelines of his visit, agreements were signed in the field of
health, oil and defence.
1. Highlights
In the Defence Sector, 3 billion USD worth deal was signed to buy helicopters. The
Memorandum of Understandings were signed in the field of oil and health. In the field of
health, Central Drugs Standard Control Organization and the US Food and Drug
Administration signed agreements over the safety of medical products.
2. Significance of MoU with USFDA

It is essential to be on good equations with the USFDA and also abide by its regulations.
This is because, the pharmaceutical exports to USA require USFDA certification. And US
is the top export destination of Pharmaceuticals for India. In 2018-19, around 5820
million USD worth pharmaceuticals were exported to US from India.
3. Other Agreements
An MoU was also signed between the mental health departments of the countries. The
countries also signed a letter of cooperation in the field of Oil.
212. What is Happiness Curriculum in Government Schools attended by

Melania Trump?
On February 25, 2020, the first lady of the United States Melania Trump attended
Happiness Classes at the Delhi Government Schools. She accompanied President Trump
in their visit to India.
1. Highlights
The Happiness Classes are one of the flagship programmes of the Delhi Government.
The programme launched in 2018 had received commendations from different parts of
the world. It focuses on arts-based, cognition, numeracy and literacy-based teachings. It
is completely different from the traditional marks-oriented teachings.
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2. Objective
The Happiness Curriculum aims to develop citizens who are awakened, aware, mindful,
empathetic and above all firmly rooted to their identity. The programme also aims to
mold children to cater the needs of today’s society.
3. Output of the Curriculum

The Curriculum develops self-awareness among the students. It inculcates inquiry skills
and critical thinking. The programme also imbibes effective communication skills in
students. It enables them to use their skills towards problem solving mode during
conflicting situations. It also reduces depression, anxiety and intolerance among
students.
213. Report says Dolphins of Odisha’s Gahirmatha Marine Sanctuary has

halved
The Forest Department of the Odisha State Government conducted a census at Chilika
lake to count the number of dolphins at Gahirmatha Marine Sanctuary in Odisha. The
Sanctuary is a part of Bhitarkanika National Park of Odisha. The report was released in
February 24, 2020.
1. Highlights
According to the report, the dolphin count came down to 233 in 2020 from 259 in 2019.
At the census, 60 Irawaddy Dolphins and only two bottle nose dolphins were spotted. In
2019, the officials had spotted 14 Irawaddy Dolphins and 14 bottle nose dolphins.
2. About the Census

The Dolphin Census at the Garimatha Marine Sanctuary was held for the first time in
2015. It was cancelled in 2016 and 2017 due to bad weather.
3. Chilika Lake and the dolphins

Chilika lake is a Ramsar Site. This year as the prawn Gherries were dismantled, the
dolphins were spread all over the lake. Dolphins are listed in Schedule I of Indian Wildlife
(Protection) act 1972. The IUCN red list categorizes Dolphins as Endangered.
February 26, 2020
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214. EEESL of GoI completes one successful year in making India Energy
Efficient
The EESL (Energy Efficiency Services Limited) recently celebrated its 10 years of
successful operation. The Company adopted the policy of making India Energy Efficiency
a year back. It has successfully completed its one year of energy efficiency policy.
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1. Highlights
In the last one year, the company has installed more than 10 lakh smart meters all over
India under the Smart Meter National Programme. The company has replaced more than
10.6 million street light bulbs with LED lights. This helped to reduce 20 million tonnes of
Carbon-Dioxide. Low cost LED bulbs were distributed through Unnat Jyoti Programme
(UJALA). Today, UJALA is the largest domestic lighting project in the world.
2. About EESL
EESL is the largest energy service company in the world. Apart from Indian projects, the
company has also taken up transformation in foreign countries such as UK, south Asia,
Middle East and South-East Asia.
3. Way Forward
In the future, the company is to commission 100 MW of decentralized solar power plants.
215. 30 Years Egypt Ruler Mohammed Hosni Mubarak passes away
On February 25, 2020, the Egypt ruler Mohammed Hosni Mubarak died at the age of 91.
He was severely ill in the last months of his life.
1. Revolution
Mubarak was ousted from his rule in 2011. He and his sons were detained on allegations
of corruption and abuse of power.
2. Gulf War
At the Gulf war in 1991, Egyptian forces were the first to enter Saudi Arabia to remove
Iraqi forces from Kuwait. Under the command of Mohammed, Egypt took active
participation at Gulf War.
216. What is Counter Cyclical Fiscal Policy of GoI?
The Government of India has adopted “Counter Cyclical Fiscal Policy” in order to
decrease the Economic Slow Down in the country. The Economic Chief Advisor
Subramanian at the Express Adda event in Mumbai highlighted that Counter Cyclical
Fiscal Policy is the only way forward to create additional fiscal headroom
1. Highlights
The GoI is in the path of achieving 5 trillion USD economy. According to the Economic
Survey 2019-20, Wealth Creation is the only way to achieve the target. Alongside Wealth
Creation, the GoI has planned to adopt more counter-cyclical Fiscal measures to arrest
the economic slowdown.
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2. Counter-Cyclical Fiscal Policy
It is the strategy adopted to counter recession or boom through fiscal measures. During
recession, the Counter cyclical fiscal policy aims at reducing taxes and increasing
expenditure. It aims to create demand in the country to bring an upswing in the country.
On the other hand, during boom in an economy, the counter-cyclical fiscal policy aims at
increasing taxes and reducing public expenditure. This is because, allowing amplification
of boom can be disastrous. This is because, it may increase inflation and debt crisis.
3. Pro Cyclical Fiscal Policy

This was acknowledged by the Economic Survey 2017. It goes in line with the current
mode of a business. For instance, during a boom, Government may increase its
expenditure to allow further growth of the boom.
217. India-US MoU on Mental Health: Indian Traditional Therapies to be

exchanged for US Generic Drugs
During the US President Donald Trump visit to India, the countries signed agreements in
the field of energy, oil, defence and health. India and US signed the agreement on
mental health to enable India to treat mental health issues.
1. Highlights
The Agreement facilitates greater access of traditional drugs and therapies of India to
the US market. In return, India is to gain access to generic drug market of US. This will
help India obtain higher standards of generic standard compliance.
2. Need
According to Lancet Report, the mental health disorders have increased from 3% in 1990
to 6% in 2013. This is expected to be low, as the report says that 80% of the mental
disorders in the country are not reported.
218. GISAT 1: New Age Satellite to monitor India continuously to be

launched on March 5
The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) is to launch GISAT 1 (Geo-Imaging

Satellite) in order to watch Indian sub-continent continuously.
1. Highlights
The satellite is to be launched by the ISRO on March 5, 2020. The satellite is to be
carried by GSLV-F10 rocket. The satellite weighs 2,275 kg and is to be placed in
Geosynchronous orbit.
2. GISAT
GISAT is Geo-Information Satellite. The satellite is to do a full rotation of the earth and
come to the same point every 2 hours. The satellite is capable of performing rapid
surveillance and fast imaging. The ISRO has designed the satellite in such a way that if
needed the satellite can observe a point for a longer duration.
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219. Indian National Centre for Ocean Information launched new Alert
System
The Hyderabad based INCOIS (Indian National Centre for Ocean Information) launched a
new alert system that will help reduce damage and losses to fishermen due to swell
surges. The Swell Surges splash strong waves in the coast damaging boats and nets. The
system will help fishermen to get prior alerts about swell surges and safeguard their
boats.
1. Highlights
The INCOIS, an autonomous body operating under Ministry of Earth Sciences launched
the alert system that will help provide early warnings about Swell Surges. This is to be
launched exclusively for coastal population. The Coastlines of Indian Sub-continent after
Tsunami has been experiences damages due to swell waves that originate in distant
Southern Indian Ocean.
2. What are Swell Surges?

A Swell Surge is caused due to surface gravity. They are surface gravity waves and not
wind waves (the common waves). Wind Waves are generated by the local winds. On the
other hand, swell surges are generated due to distant weather systems.
220. DPIIT notifies 100% Foreign Direct Investment in Insurance

Intermediaries
The Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) operating under
Ministry of Commerce and Trade has amended the FDI (Foreign Direct Policy) to allow
100% foreign investment for insurance intermediaries. This includes insurance
companies, third party administrators, insurance brooking, loss assessors and surveyors.
1. Highlights
Initially DPIIT had allowed only 49% of FDI in the insurance sector. This has now been
increased to 100% to increase Ease of doing business in the insurance sector. With this
move, the foreign companies shall easily buy stakes in Indian Insurance Companies.
2. Background
The 100% FDI in Insurance Sector was announced by Finance Minister Nirmala
Sitaraman in the Budget 2020-21. This is essential because, according to UNCTAD
(United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) World Investment Report, 2019,
India faced third consecutive annual decline in terms of FDI in 2019.
3. UNCTAD
UNCTAD is a UN Body that deals with trade and investment. It was established in 1964.
It also measures the Sustainable Development Goal set out by the member countries of
the United Nations.
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221. Desert Locust Control High Level Meeting held
On February 25, 2020, the Agriculture Ministry held a high-level meeting on Desert
Locust Control. The meeting was chaired by Secretary of Ministry of Agriculture and
Farmer Welfare.
1. Highlights
The meeting discussed the locust control operations carried on between May 2019 and
February 2020. The report submitted by National Disaster Response Force was discussed
at the meet. The report was submitted by an inter-ministerial team that visited the
states of Rajasthan and Gujarat to assess crop losses.
2. Locusts in India
There are 10 important locust species on the earth that cause major damages. Out of
these, only 4 are found in India. They are Desert Locust, Bombay Locust, Migratory
Locust and Tree Locust.
222. Indra Dhanush Exercise 2020: India-UK joint Air Force Exercise held
at Air Force Station Hindon
The 5th edition of the Exercise Indra Dhanush commenced on 24th February, 2020. It is
a joint air force exercise between the Indian Air Force and the Royal Air Force of the
United Kingdom.
1. Highlights
The Exercise focused on “Base Defence and Force Protection”. Around 36 specialized
combatants of the Royal Air Force participated in the exercise. From the Indian side, 42
combatants of Garud Commando Force participated in the exercise.
2. Hindon Air Force Station

The Hindon Air Force Station operates under Western Air Command. It is the eighth
largest air base in the world and the largest air base in Asia. It is located in Ghaziabad,
Uttar Pradesh.
3. Garud Commando Force

The Garud Commando Force was formed in September 2004. The force is mainly tasked
with the protection of air bases and installations, disaster relief, search and rescue
operations during hostilities. They are currently deployed in Congo to fulfill United
Nations Peace keeping operations.
February 27, 2020
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223. National Technical Textiles Mission approved by Cabinet Committee
on Economic Affairs
On February 26, 2020, the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs approved the
National Technical Textiles Mission. The mission has been allocated Rs 1,480 crores. The
aim of the mission is to make India a global leader in Technical Textiles.
1. Highlights
The Mission is to be implemented in India for 4 years, that is, between 2020-21 and
2023-24. There are 4 components of the mission as follows
2. Significance
It is important to develop National Technical Textiles Mission because they are used in
roads. Agriculture, sportswear, railway tracks and space applications.
224. RAISE 2020: An International “Artificial Intelligence” Summit to be

organised by GoI
The Government of India (GoI) is to organize an Artificial Intelligence (AI) Summit called
RAISE 2020. RAISE stands for Responsible AI for Social Empowerment. The Summit is to
be held in New Delhi between April 11 and 12, 2020.
1. Highlights
The summit will be attended by experts of Artificial Intelligence from all over the world. It
will focus on using AI towards social empowerment, transformation and inclusion and
also in other key areas such as agriculture, healthcare, smart mobility and education.
2. Significance
It is essential to implement AI in social transformation as it will help in bringing
regulatory changes. It will improve the efficiency of work places, reduce operating costs.
With autonomous transportation, AI can help save large amounts of fuel and time.
3. Negative Impacts
Though there are several benefits of Artificial Intelligence, the only concern towards the
technology is that it has the potential to minimize the work force in a sector. Especially
in a country like India that is second most populous in the world, it is essential to keep
track that AI does not reduce employment opportunities.
225. Union Cabinet approves changes introduced in Surrogacy

(Regulation) bill
On February 26, 2020, the Union Cabinet approved the changes introduced to the
Surrogacy (Regulation) bill, 2019. The changes were introduced by the 23-member
select committee of Rajya Sabha.
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1. Highlights
The changes approved include not only close relatives but “any woman” willing to act as
a surrogate mother shall be allowed. It has also approved deleting the definition of
infertility. Earlier infertility in the bill was defined as inability to conceive after
unprotected intercourse for 5 years. The committee believed that it was too long period
for a couple to wait for a child. The Insurance Cover of a surrogate mother is to be
increased from 16 months to 36 months.
2. Background
The Surrogacy (Regulation) bill was passed in Lok Sabha in 2019. The aim of the bill was
to prevent commercial surrogacy. It also aims to promote altruistic surrogacy that does
not demand monetary compensation apart from medical expenses and insurance.
226. EASE 3.0 launched by the Finance Minister to enhance Ease of

Banking
On February 26, 2020, the Finance Minister Nirmala Sitaraman launched Enhanced
Access and Service Excellence (EASE 3.0). It was launched along with the annual report
of EASE 2.0 at a function organized by Indian Banks’ Association.
1. Highlights
The main aim of EASE 3.0 is to make public sector banking technology enabled and
smart. By this the initiative intends to achieve ease of banking for customers. Along with
its launch, the GoI has also warned about the over reliance of the state-run banks on
credit rating agencies while sanctioning loans.
2. What is EASE?
EASE is set of technology-based banking reforms. It aims at improvising banking sector
with technology. It ensures wider financial inclusion, better banking experience and
easier credit distribution.
3. Significance
The initiative will enhance paperless, digital banking. It will also support other GoI
initiatives such as Udyami Mitra, credit take-off, Dial-a-loan and credit at a click. EASE
will increase the reach all these initiatives and improve the standards of banking sector.
227. Cabinet Approval: Occupancy rights to Scheduled Tribes of

Lakshadweep
On February 26, 2020, the Union Cabinet approved amendments to provide occupancy
rights to Scheduled Tribes of Lakshadweep. The approval was provided to amend the
Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Islands Land Revenue and Tenancy Regulation, 1965.
1. Highlights
The Scheduled Tribes in the island did not have occupancy rights so far. The Occupancy
right is the right to occupy and use tribal area.
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2. Background
Lakshadweep is an Archipelago with 12 atolls, five submerged banks and three reefs.
There are 17 uninhabited islands in the region. According to Census 2011, there are
64,429 persons in the island. Of this 93% of the population are indigenous and the entire
indigenous population in the island has been classified as Scheduled Tribes due to their
social and Economic Backwardness.
228. Market Intelligence and Early Warning Systems to monitor prices of

Onion, Tomato and Potato
On February 26, 2020, the Minister of Food Processing Industry launched Market
Intelligence and Early Warning System (MIEWS) Web Portal in New Delhi. The MIEWS is
first of its kind.
1. Highlights
The main function of MIEWS is to monitor prices of onion, tomato and potato (TOP
crops). It will also generate alerts under the terms of Operations Green Scheme. The
portal will also provide information related to prices, yield and production, arrivals, crop
agronomy, imports and exports, etc.
2. Operation Green Scheme

Under Operation Green Scheme, the surplus production from producing areas are taken
to consumption centres. In order to achieve this, the scheme provides guidelines under
which the surplus production are allowed to be taken to markets. They are as follows
229. Largest conference on traditional medicine: AYUSH Terminologies

and their Standardisation held in New Delhi
On February 26, 2020, the largest ever conference on traditional medicine was held in
New Delhi. The ICoSDiTAUS-2020 called the International Conference on Standardisation
of Diagnosis and Terminologies of AYUSH was attended by 16 countries. It included
Serbia, Sri Lanka, Curacao, Mauritius, Iran, Japan, Qatar, Uzbekistan, Bhutan,
Switzerland, Myanmar, Cuba, Ghana, Jamaica, Equatorial Guinea and India.
1. Highlights
The major topic that was discussed at the conference includes “Challenges in Counting
and Classification of Traditional Medicine Encounters”. It also discussed about
International Classification of Diseases based on traditional medicinal systems.
2. Significance
AYUSH is acronym of Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy.
GoI has been taking several steps to promote AYUSH. One such step is this conference of
standardization. It is important because, AYUSH helps to find cost effective treatment.
For a populous country like India where expenditure on health sector is just 1.17% of
GDP (2019), cost effective treatments like AYUSH have vital role.
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230. VAJRA: The Offshore Patrol Vessel-6 launched at Chennai
On February 27, 2020, the 6th Coast Guard OPV-6 (Offshore Patrol Vessel-6) called the
“VAJRA” was launched in Chennai.
1. Highlights
The OPV will assist Indian Navy in guarding 7,500 km long coast line and 20 lakh square
kilo metre of Exclusive Economic Zone. It will also help to safeguard one lakh merchant
ships transiting in the Indian Ocean from all over the world.
2. Indian Coast Guard

Indian Coast Guard is an armed force of India. It protects the maritime interests of India
and also enforces maritime law in the territorial waters of India. The Indian Coast Guard
operates under Ministry of Defence. There are 5 Indian Coast Guard Regions in India.
They are Western Region (Mumbai), Eastern Region (Chennai), North-East Region
(Kolkata), Andaman and Nicobar Region (Port Blair) and North-West Regions
(Gandhinagar).
231. Sri Lanka withdraws from UNHRC Resolution
On February 26, 2020, the Sri Lankan Government formally notified the United Nations
that it will withdraw from the UNHRC (United Nations Human Rights Council) resolution.
1. Highlights
The UNHRC resolution 40/1 was co-sponsored by Sri Lanka and 11 other countries. The
main aim of the resolution is investigation of war time violence against Tamil Tiger
rebels.
2. The US-China Factor

The United States barred the Sri Lankan Army Chief from entering the US soil accusing
him of war crimes. Experts believe that the decision of Sri Lanka to withdraw from
UNHRC is an after effect of US move.
2.1. Why?
Today, China has taken the port of Hambantota in Sri Lanka for a lease of 99 years. It is
now used by the Chinese as a Naval base. There are more such upper hands of the
Chinese in the internal political matters of Sri Lanka. With China’s greater presence in Sri
Lanka and its defence forces, US was hesitant towards the Sri Lankan Army Chief visit to
the US.
February 28, 2020
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232. Myanmar President Visits India: India-Myanmar sign 10 MoUs
On February 27, 2020, the Myanmar President U Win Myint visited India. During his visit,
India and Myanmar signed 10 MoUs in different sectors.
1. Highlights
The leaders signed agreements on Repatriation and Re-integration of Victims of
trafficking, Quick Impact Projects, Development of Rakhine State, etc. They also signed
Memorandum of Understandings on construction of schools, roads, water supply systems
and solar power systems.
2. Rakhine State
The Rakhine State of Myanmar is the region of ongoing conflict between buddhist
community and Rohingya community. The Conflict began during world war II. During
World War II, the Rohingya Muslims fought along side British against the Rakhine
Buddhists in return of a separate Muslim state.
233. Light Combat Helicopter Production inaugurated in HAL Bengaluru
On February 27, 2020, the Defence Minister Raj Nath Singh inaugurated Light combat
Helicopter production at the HAL complex in Bengaluru. The project is a part of the
“Make in India” initiative.
1. Light Combat Helicopters

The Light Combat Helicopters (LCH) were completely designed by HAL. It has 2 engines
and several latest technical features. The helicopters are to be deployed at the Siachen
base which is 4,700 metres above the sea level. It has the capacity to carry 500 kg of
load.
2. Significance
India has been taking several steps to strengthen the Indian Air Force and also to
increase Defence Exports. India has set a target of achieving Rs 35,000 crores of
Defence Exports by 2024. Manufacturing of the Light Combat Helicopter will help India
achieving the above goals.
3. Background
The need for the production of Light Combat Helicopters came from Kargil war. The LCH
is a derivative of HAL Dhruv that was developed during 1990s.
234. NITI Aayog launches Artificial Intelligence Modules in Schools
The GoI think tank NITI Aayog joined hands with the National Association of Software and
Services (NASSCOM) and launched the Artificial Intelligence module for school students.
The NITI Aayog is to be represented by Atal Innovation Mission of the think tank.
128
1. Highlights
The Artificial Intelligence module is to be implemented in 5,000 Atal Tinkering labs and
this is to empower 2.5 million students. NITI Aayog believes that India shall add 1.3% of
its GDP if machine learning and Artificial Intelligence are developed.
2. Significance
It is expected that the global Artificial Market is likely to grow to the range of 15 to 15.5
trillion USD by 2030. Of this India is to certainly contribute 1 trillion USD. Therefore, its is
important to prepare work power to sustain the growth of the field. If Indian work power
is not being prepared to fill the future requirement, the spaces will be occupied by
foreign nationals. This will create unemployment amongst Indian citizens and also push
Indian economy backwards.
235. Pradhan Mantri Kisan Sampada Yojana: 32 projects sanctioned
On February 27, 2020, the Inter-Ministerial Approval Committee chaired by the Minister
of Food Processing sanctioned 32 projects under Pradhan Mantri Kisan Sampada Yojana
(PMKSY).
1. Highlights
The projects sanctioned have the capacity to create 15,000 employment opportunities.
The projects aim at increasing the shelf life of agricultural produce and provide steady
revenue for the farmers.
2. Significance
The market of processed food is growing at a rate of 8% every year. Therefore, by the
end of 2020 it is expected to reach 543 billion USD from 322 billion USD in 2016.
3. Pradhan Mantri Kisan Sampada Yojana

The Scheme was launched in 2016 for a period of 4 years, that is, till 2020. The GoI had
allocated Rs 6,000 crores for the scheme. The scheme was launched to develop seven
major components namely Integrated Cold Chain, Mega Food Parks, Infrastructure for
Agro-Processing clusters, food safety, expansion of food processing, human resources
and institutions, quality assurance infrastructure.
236. GoI to establish Central Consumer Protection Authority
The GoI recently decided to establish Central Consumer Protection Authority under the
Consumer Protection act, 2019.
1. Consumer Protection Authority

The authority protects, promotes and enforces rights of the consumers. It also regulates
matters that are related to unfair trade practices, violation of consumer rights and
misleading advertisements.
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2. Central Consumer Protection act, 2019
The act was passed to strengthen consumer rights. It replaced the Consumer Protection
act, 1986. The act defines 6 consumer acts namely right to safety, right to be informer,
right to choose, right to be heard, right to consumer education and right to grievance
redressal.
3. Misleading Advertisements
The act gives special focus to stop misleading advertisements. The Section 21 of the
Consumer Protection act, 2019 deals with misleading advertisements. Under the Section
21 of the act, the consumer Protection Authority may impose penalty upto Rs 10 lakhs
on the advertiser, manufacturer, trader or even the endorser. The Authority has powers
to ban the endorser as well.
237. February 28: National Science Day
Every year on February 28, India celebrates National Science Day to mark the discovery
of Raman Effect by Sir C V Raman. Raman Effect was discovered by the professor on
February 28, 1928. This year, the National Science Day is celebrated under the theme
1. History
The National Science Day was first designated in 1986 and was first celebrated in 1987.
Sir C V Raman announced his discovery on this day. He was later awarded the Nobel
Prize for this discovery in 1930.
2. Raman Effect
The Effect states about scattering of light. When a beam of light comes out of a liquid,
the light wave scattered in a direction is different from that of the incoming light wave.
238. GoI to increase reach of banking in the North-East Tea Garden

areas
On February 27, 2020, the Finance Minister Nirmala Sitaraman announced that the
banking in the North East Region is to be increased.
1. Highlights
The minister in a meeting with economists, trade and industry representatives and
policy experts announced that the banking in the tea garden regions of the north east is
to be increased. This is being done to cover greater population of the North East under
Financial Inclusion.
2. Background
The main challenge in implementing Financial Inclusive schemes in the tea gardens of
Assam or any other tea-based region is daily wages. The tea garden workers prefer cash
in hand. This is mainly because most of the workers here are women and are illiterate.
130
239. Eastern Zonal Council Meet to be held in Bhubaneswar
The Eastern Zonal Council meeting for the states of Odisha, Bihar, West Bengal and
Jharkhand is to be chaired by home Minister Amit Shah. The meeting is to discuss cases
of rape against women, sexual offences, prevention of cattle smuggling in the India-
Bangladesh Border, etc.
1. Highlights
The Home Minister will discuss with the Chief Ministers of all the 4 participating states.
The minister will also review the status of the amendments of Code of Criminal
Procedure. Under the amendment, the time limit of the completion of investigation of
criminal cases were limited to two months. This was done through the Criminal Law
Amendment Act, 2018
2. Previous Councils
In the recent meetings of Western Zonal Council and Northern Zonal Council, the Home
Minister directed the state police review pending cases as quickly as possible. The
Council also instructed to update case details at Investigation Tracking System for
Sexual Offences. It is an online portal that helps states to undertake real-time
monitoring, managing and completion of cases, especially rape cases in 2 months.
3. Zonal Council
Zonal Councils are statutory bodies constituted under States Reorganization Act of 1956.
According to the act, India is divided into 5 zones and a council has been set up for every
zone. The zones include Northern, Eastern, Western, Southern and Central. In 1971, the
North Eastern council was created.
February 29, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
240. Rashtriya Vayoshri Yojana: PM distributes aids and devices to

Divyangjan and Senior Citizens
On February 29, 2020, PM Modi is to distribute assistive aids and devices to senior
citizens and Divyangjan. This is the biggest ever distribution camp.
1. Highlights
The distribution camp of assistive aids and devices for senior citizens and Divyangjans
by PM Modi is being organized by the Ministry of Social Justice. The objective of the
event is to propagate information to senior citizens and Divyangjan belonging to Below
Poverty Line category about how to face their challenges in day-to-day life.
2. Rashtriya Vayoshri Yojana

The RVY was launched in 2016 at Nellore, Andhra Pradesh. Since then 137 of these
device distribution camps have been conducted.
131
3. Significance
According to Census 2011, there are 10.38 crores of senior citizens. And of these, more
than 70% of them live in rural areas. Therefore, it is essential to take special care
towards them through these camps organized under Rashtriya Vayoshri Yojana.
241. Mission Purvodaya: India-Japan join hands to make Odisha a Steel

Hub
On February 28, 2020, the Union Minister of Steel announced at a workshop organized
by Confederation of Indian Industries (CII) that GoI is to make Odisha the steel hub of
India. This is to be achieved by the Government with the help of Japan.
1. Highlights
Odisha has been selected to establish steel hub due to its strategic location, availability
of raw materials and strong connectivity. The city of Kalinga Nagar is to be developed as
the epicenter of Mission Purvodaya. With implementation of the mission, more than 75%
of steel is to come from eastern India with Odisha alone contributing more than 100
metric tonnes per annum.
2. Mission Purvodaya
The mission was launched in January 2020. It aims to develop Eastern India as an
integrated steel hub. Under the mission, the GoI aims to generate employment
opportunities and also increase growth of steel sector.
242. PM Modi launches 10,000 Farmer Producer Organizations
On February 29, 2020, PM Modi shall launch 10,000 Farmer Producer Organizations at
Chitrakoot. The event is being organized to commemorate the successful completion of
Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi Yojana.
1. Significance
There are more than 86% of small and marginal farmers that hold less than 1.1 hectares
of land. They face challenges in buying fertilizers, quality seed, pesticides. The Farmer
Producer Organization help farmers in addressing these challenges. They help farmers
gain better access to market, technology and finance. Therefore, launching more and
more of these organizations will help in betterment of life of the farmers.
2. Kisan Credit Card

The PM will also launch a saturation drive on Kisan Credit Card to the beneficiaries PM
Kisan Samman Nidhi Yojana. The motive of the drive is to distribute 2 crore cards to the
beneficiaries of the scheme. Today, over 6.5 crore cards have been issued under the
scheme.
132
243. February 29: World Rare Disease Day
Every Year, last date of February is observed as World Rare Disease Day. It was first
launched by Eurordis in 2008. It aims to create awareness about the impacts of the
disease. This year, it is observed on the theme
1. Rare Diseases
The rare diseases include Thalassemia, Haemophilia, Sickle Cell Anaemia and primary
immune deficiency according to WHO.
2. India
There are more than 70 million people that are affected by rare diseases in India. In
order to fight against rare diseases, the Union Ministry of Health released National Policy
for Rare Diseases.
3. National Policy on Rare Diseases

The National Policy on Rare Diseases aims to provide treatment up to Rs 15 lakhs. It
proposes to set up a registry under ICMR (Indian Council of Medical Research). The policy
categorizes rare diseases into three categories namely disorders requiring long term or
long-life therapy, disorders amenable to one-time treatment and incurable rare disease
disorders that require lifelong supportive care.
244. World Productivity Congress in India after 45 years of gap
The World Productivity Congress has been conducted by the World Confederation of
Productivity Science since 1969. It was last held in India in 1974. The Congress is held
under the theme
1. Highlights
The 19th World Productivity Congress to be held in Bengaluru aims at catalyzing
government approaches in enhancing productivity. It is to be held between May 6, 2020
and May 8, 2020.
2. Purpose
The Congress will act as a platform to shape future productivity growth. It will also help
India and other attending stakeholders to learn innovative approaches that are essential
to support the growing population. It is expected that the world population will reach 9.7
billion by 2050 and 11.2 billion by 2100 according to the United Nations.
3. Significance
According to the World Economic Forum, India will become the third largest economy in
the world after US and China by 2030. Also, in the next few years India is expected to
grow at 7% though it is facing a slowdown currently. This huge market potential of India
makes it an ideal choice for the 19th world productivity congress.
133
245. ICGS Varad: First Major Defence ship to clear all acceptance Trials
in a Single Sea Sortie
On February 28, 2020, the Indian Coast Guard’S ICGS Varad, an Offshore Patrol Vessel
was commissioned at Chennai port. The vessel is to operate under North Eastern Coast
Guard Region.
1. Highlights
The ICGS was built by L&T at Kattupalli near Chennai. It is 98 metres long and holds
modern navigation and communication equipment. It is also equipped with 30 mm and
12.7 mm guns. The vessel also holds other onboard features such as platform
management systems, integrated bridge system, high power external fire fighting
system, etc.
2. Special Features of the vessel

The Patrol vessel is equipped with pollution responsible equipment for oil spill at sea and
also swift boarding operations. It is also capable of carrying a twin-engine helicopter and
also 4 high speed boats.
3. What is Sortie?
Sortie is deployment of military unit in aircraft and shipping. It is a combat mission that
an individual aircraft deploys as it takes off.
134
GKTODAY
Current Affairs [PDF] - March 1-31, 2020
: ननन नन
न
1
Contents
March 1, 2020
1. Corona Virus: WHO increases Global threat; US postpones ASEAN; Geneva International Motor Show
Cancelled
2. Red Panda Species are two separate species
March 2, 2020
3. RalDer-X: New Explosive Detection Device developed by DRDO and IISc Bangalore
4. Asian Development Bank Sanctions 4 million USD to members to contain Corona Virus
5. IMD: Above Normal Heat Wave during Summer in India
6. Zero Discrimination Day observed all over the world
7. India’s 40 million USD defence deal with Armenia beats Russia and Poland
8. Farmer Welfare: Krishi Vigyan Mela, Krishi Vigyan Kendra Conference launched
9. March 3: World Wildlife Day
March 3, 2020
10. National Chambal Sanctuary declared as Eco-Sensitive Zone
11. EKAM Fest: Event to Promote craftsmanship and products of Divyang entrepreneurs
12. GoI allows Export of Onions
13. Star Rating Programme for Light Commercial Air Conditioners and Deep Freezers launched
14. 8th Foundation Day of Land Port Authority of India held in New Delhi
15. The Central Sanskrit Universities Bill, 2019 introduced
16. GoI Allows Airlines to provide In-Flight WiFi
17. GoI nominates 2 sites to be included in World Heritage Sites List
18. Lok Sabha Speaker launches “Suposhit Maa Abhiyan”: To create Malnutrition free India
19. Financial Assistance to Kaziranga National Park under CAMPA
March 4, 2020
20. UNHRC files in Supreme Court on Citizenship Amendment Act
21. UP Government provides Rs 900 per month to farmers willing to keep stray cattle
22. Finance Minister introduces bill to amend Banking Regulation Act
23. Corona Virus: World Bank announces 12 billion USD aid
24. Global Coalition for Biodiversity launched on World Wildlife Day
25. Corona Virus: NASA reports Pollution Levels in China have dropped greatly
26. March 4: National Security Day
27. Ministry of Tribal Affairs constitutes committee on Community Forest Resource Guidelines
28. APEDA signs MoUs to implement Agriculture Export Policy
29. Luxembourg: The First Country in the World to provide Free Public Transport
March 5, 2020
30. Cabinet Approval: Foreign Direct Investment Policy on Civil Aviation
31. Cabinet Approval: Mega Consolidation of Public Sector Banks
32. Delhi announced as next Google Cloud Region after Mumbai
33. GoI clears Genome India Project
34. CRISPR (CaS9)-The Gene Editing Tool used to treat blindness for the first time
35. Cabinet Approval: To amend Companies Act, 2013
36. Black Carbon Levels in Himalayan Glaciers and Biomethanation
37. What is BHOG of FSSAI?
March 6, 2020
38. International Conference on Nano-Science and Nano Technology held in Kolkata
39. India-European Union to work together on Integrated Local Energy Systems
40. Corona Virus: OPEC to cut oil production largely since 2008 financial crisis
41. Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana signs MoU with Amazon to e-market
42. RBI capped Rs 50,000 as withdrawal limit of YES Bank customers: What is YES BANK CRISIS in news?
2
43. Jammu Airport comes under CISF
44. March 7: Jan Aushadhi Diwas
45. Mineral Law Amendment Bill passed in Lok Sabha
March 7, 2020
46. United Nations Global Compact Study: Women Labour-force has declined greatly in India
47. India shares two SARS-CoV-2 Genome Sequences with Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data
48. Ministry of AYUSH develop “AYUSH GRID” and “National Ayurveda Morbidity Codes”
49. Ghojadanga of West Bengal and Agartala of Tripura designated as immigration check posts
50. March 8: International Women’s Day
51. CAG Report: 40% of Environment Related Crimes in India are from Rajasthan
52. Facts Box: Major Port at Vadhvan, Maharashtra
53. India joins Indian Ocean Commission as the fifth Observer
54. Monitoring Cell opened under Mission Bhagiratha
March 9, 2020
55. GoI to create 75 lakh Self Help Group by 2022
56. Parliamentary Panel: More than 40% of schools are without power and playgrounds
57. Protected Area Permits stopped in Arunachal to prevent Corona Virus
58. Facts Box: Fuel Cell Technology for Disaster Management
59. TIFAC under Ministry of Science and Technology launches Vigyan Jyoti
60. Oil Prices plunge by 20% as OPEC fails to make a deal
61. Australia wins India by 85 runs at Women’s Twenty20 World Cup
62. Facts Box: Delimitation Commission set up for Arunachal, Manipur, Assam, J&K, Manipur
63. Sanitary Napkin Disposal Bags to be made mandatory from 2021
64. HAL to set up logistics bases in Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia and Sri Lanka
65. United Nations Development Programme releases Gender Social Norms Index
March 10, 2020

66. Gujarat has highest number of Solar Rooftop Installations
67. Stockholm International Report: India is the second largest importer of arms
68. Anti-HIV drugs used against COVID-19 for the first time in India
69. Corona Virus hits Diamond Industry of Surat greatly
70. March 10: CISF Raising Day
71. UNCTAD: FDI inflows are to drop by 15% due to Corona Virus
March 12, 2020

72. World Bank and GoI sign Agreement on Climate Resilient Rain-Fed Agriculture
73. 6th International Day of Yoga led by PM Modi to be held in Leh
74. WHO declares Corona Virus as GLOBAL PANDEMIC
75. Corona Virus: Epidemic Disease Act Invoked in India
76. Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (amendment) bill passed in the Parliament
77. Committee formed for the implementation of Kisan Rail Scheme
78. CSIR develops Bi-Luminescent Security ink to Curb Fake Currency Notes
March 13, 2020

79. New Name for Mumbai Central Station: Nana Shankarseth
80. Animal Protection Index: India ranks second
81. What is Sir Creek Issue between India and Pakistan?
82. Spanish Flu: Predecessor Pandemic to Corona Virus
83. Iran seeks Financial Help from IMF first time since 1962 to fight against Corona Virus
84. GoI develops cost effective Solar Receiver Tube Technology
March 14, 2020

85. MEIS scheme to be replaced with RoDTEP Scheme
86. “BHOOMI RASHI PORTAL” provides transparent and error free Land Acquisition
87. Exposure Limits for Urban Cooperative Banks revised by RBI
88. Parliament passed Direct Tax Vivad Se Viswas Bill, 2020
3
89. GST Council Meet: GST of Mobile Phones increased from 12% to 18%
90. Corona Virus: GoI brings hand sanitizers and masks under Essential Commodities Act
March 15, 2020

91. “Ganga Amantran Abhiyan” organized by National Mission for Clean Ganga
92. Corona Virus: ICMR develops testing strategy; WHO shifts epicenter from China to Europe
93. Corona Virus: National Emergency in the USA
94. Poultry Culling ordered by Kerala Government to control Bird Flu
95. Corona Virus: India closes 18 of 37 international borders
96. Corona Virus: India declares COVID-19 as “notified Disaster”
97. Corona Virus: SAARC Video Conference; India proposes COVID-19 Emergency Funds
98. Jammu Kashmir Statehood to be restored soon
March 16, 2020

99. Facts Box: Methanotrophic Bacteria Culture first time in India
100. Corona Virus: US Federal Reserve reduces interest rate to 0%
101. Supreme Court CJI rules out limited shut down of the court
102. UNCTAD: India among 15 countries economically affected due to Corona Virus
103. Ordinance passed by the Uttar Pradesh Government to recover damages of protests
104. Gold Imports of 2019-20 dip by 8.86% narrowing Current Account Deficit to 143 billion USD
105. DefExpo-2020 Outcomes reported at the Parliament
106. Banana Exports hit due to Corona Virus
107. WHO: Ground Water contaminated with Uranium in India above 30 micro-gram per litre
108. Chaitra Jatra Festival cancelled in Odisha due to Corona Virus
109. What is “Herd Immunity” Strategy adopted by the UK Government to contain Corona Virus?
110. Corona Virus: NMDC reduced iron ore prices by 1.5%
111. Motor Vehicles Act: 10% reduction of road accidents in 5 months
March 17, 2020

112. Corona Virus: India bans entry of people from UK, EU; WHO’s Blanket Ban comment on India
113. Ranjan Gogoi, the former Chief Justice of India nominated to Rajya Sabha by the President
114. First COVID-19 vaccine trial begins in the United States
115. Supreme Court rejects Curative Petitions filed over Nirbhaya Case: What are Curative Petitions?
116. India to provide 107.01 million Nepali rupees for construction of schools in Nepal
117. Former Rajya Sabha member and veteran journalist Patil Puttappa passes away
118. Supreme Court seeks immediate floor test from Madhya Pradesh State Government
119. What is Modified New Pricing Scheme-III?
120. What is Forex Swap and LTRO suggested by RBI governor to support Liquidity in India?
121. Bangladesh celebrates 100th birth anniversary of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
122. Draft National Policy for Rare Diseases placed in website of Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
March 18, 2020

123. Starch-Based “Hemostat” developed at Institute of Nano Science to stop blood loss
124. NAVIC Messaging System for Fisheries Department
125. Corona Virus: GoI halts three crucial policies as revenues shrink
126. Swachh Bharat Mission: Gram Panchayats get more funds under 15th finance commission
127. European Project linking Black sea, North Sea and Baltic Sea criticized by Environmental Organization
128. Government of India allows private sector to diagnose Corona Virus
129. CSIR develops new Hand Sanitizer without using chemicals
130. Saudi Arabia to hold virtual G20 Summit as that of India’s SAARC
131. Agricultural & Processed food products Export Development Authority signs MoU with SFAC
132. GoI: Left Wing Extremism has declined by 38% in last five years
133. March 18: Ordnance Factory Day
134. GM Crop: White Flies Resistant Cotton Field Trials begins
135. Ayushman Bharat to help fight against COVID-19
136. GOI: Draft New Industrial Policy and National E-Commerce Policy to be released soon
137. Drugs (Prices Control) Order, 2013 saved Rs 12,447 crores per annum since implementation
138. Defence Acquisition Council approves procurement of 83 Tejas Fighter Jets
4
March 19, 2020
139. Lok Sabha passes Aircraft (Amendment) bill, 2020
140. “Innovate for Accessible India” Campaign launched by NASSCOM along with Microsoft
141. First Time: Supreme Court removed a state minister over Disqualification petition
142. Resolution to be moved in Rajya Sabha to remove the word “Socialism” in the Constitution
143. India in Phase 2 of Corona Virus Pandemic; No Community Transmissions in India
144. Budget Allocation to fight Corona: Odisha, Tamil Nadu allocated funds
145. What is Greenco Rating System followed in India?
146. Former Chief Justice of India takes oath as Rajya Sabha MP
147. International Energy Agency: India the third largest producer of Electricity
148. Corona Virus: UGC reschedules exams; International airlines banned temporarily
149. India and Israel sign Rs 880 crore Defence Deal
150. GoI allocates Rs 1,480 crores to National Technical Textiles Mission
151. PM Modi addresses the Nation: Introduces “People’s Curfew”, Economic Response Task Force to fight
Corona Virus
152. National Aquifer Mapping Programme: Plans developed for 11.8 lakh sq km
153. GoI: Benefits to COVID-19 affected workers under Atal Beema Vyakti Kalyan Yojana
March 20, 2020

154. Nirbhaya Case Convicts Hanged to Death in Tihar Jail
155. 1 million USD dispersed to SAARC nations under Emergency COVID-19 Funds
156. 15th Finance Commission to monitor COVID-19 before second report
157. IMD: El Nino to be neutral; Normal Monsoon rains for India
158. GoI notifies rules for Vivad Se Vishwas Scheme
159. SIDBI launches “Swavalamban Express” to promote business aspirants
160. Finanance Commission: N K Singh Committee for a new Fiscal Consolidation Road Map
161. Update on National Policy on Skill Development
162. National Centre for Cell Science: The Cellular Mechanism of Huntington Disease discovered
163. “Tech for Tribal”-Launched by TRIFED to develop Tribal Entrepreneurship
164. Defence Minister launches draft of Defence Procurement Procedure, 2020
March 21, 2020

165. United Nations launches World Happiness Report, 2020: India ranks 144
166. March 20: International Day of Happiness
167. Fossil links human hands to fins for the first time in Human Evolution
168. March 21: International Day of Forests
169. UN Report: “Peatland” protection will help attain climate goals
170. Parliamentary Standing Committee: No Sufficient Checks on genuineness of Fertilizer Subsidy
171. US tests Hypersonic Nuclear capable missile
172. Ministry of Health: Complaints to ICMR on misuse of Stem Cell therapy
173. ICMR issues new guidelines to test Corona Virus in India
174. Bridge Constructed across Teesta River in North Sikkim by BRO opened
175. Modified Electronics Manufacturing Scheme 2.0 approved by the Union Cabinet
176. Incentive Scheme for Large Scale Electronics Manufacturing approved by Cabinet
177. “Satyarup Siddhanta”, an Indian Mountaineer enters ‘Limca Book of Records’ conquering highest
volcanoes
178. March 22: World Water Day
179. Domestic Manufacturing of Medical Devices approved by Cabinet
180. RAISE 2020: First Artificial Intelligence Summit of India postponed due to Corona Virus
March 22, 2020

181. Union Cabinet approves AYUSH Health and Wellness Centres
182. UK confirmed as first co-chair to India led Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure
183. Facts Box: Global Recycling Day
184. Facts Box: World Cities Summit
March 23, 2020

185. March 23: World Meteorological Day
186. International Olympics Organization to postpone Tokyo Olympics 2020
5
187. India-Turkey Kashmir Irritant: India proceeds with FSV Indian Navy Agreement with Turkey
188. In-Person G7 Summit Cancelled; To be held through Video-Conferencing
189. Website launched by SAARC Disaster Management Centre for COVID-19 information
190. IITM hosts India’s first Hyperloop Pod Competition-What is Hyperloop Pod?
191. March 23: Shaheed Diwas
192. ICMR recommends Hydroxychloroquine to treat Corona Virus
193. Finance Bill, 2020 passed in Lok Sabha
194. United Nations Warns: 4.4 billion people to live with limited water by 2050
195. March 24: World Tuberculosis Day
196. Land Acquired from Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh Defence Corridors to increase Defence Production
197. National Super Computing Mission: Three More Super Computers to be installed
March 24, 2020

198. Public Safety Act: Former CM of J&K Omar Abdullah released
199. Finance Minister on COVID-19: Tax Filings extended, ATM, bank charges waived off, Business Rules Eased
and much more
200. What is the difference between lockdown, Curfew and Section 144?
201. Labour Ministry transfers Cess Funds for the Construction Workers to fight against COVID-19
202. GoI: Invest India Business Immunity Platform launched
203. New Hanta Virus Emerges in China after COVID-19
204. Four Mega Trials of COVID-19 Treatment launched by WHO
205. IMF: Recession due to COVID-19 to be worse than 2009
206. India goes on Complete LOCKDOWN to fight COVID-19; allocates Rs 15,000 crores
March 25, 2020

207. India’s first COVID-19 dedicated hospital set up by Reliance India in Mumbai with Negative Room Pressure
208. What are the Bio-Safety Levels of Containment in India?
209. Abel Prize, 2020 to Hillel Frustenberg and Gregory Margulis
210. First “Made in India” COVID-19 Test Kit gets commercial approval from CDSCO
211. What is Thermal Screening used at airports for COVID-19?
212. 7.5 magnitude Earth Quake hits Russia; 0.3m high Tsunami Waves expected
213. G20 Video Summit on Corona Virus
214. E-Commerce Giants: Flipkart suspends services, Amazon stops taking new orders
215. Islamic State claims responsible for Gunmen attack in Sikh Gurudwara, Kabul
216. GoI develops new biofortified high protein wheat variety
217. MoU between India and Germany approved by Union Cabinet
218. Sikkim Glaciers are being lost at faster rate than other parts of Himalayan parts
219. Union Cabinet approves extra supply of subsidized Food Grains to Ration Shops
March 26, 2020

220. Recapitalization of Regional Rural Banks approved by Union Cabinet
221. Census 2021 and NPR updation postponed due to COVID-19 pandemic
222. “Stay Home India with Books” initiative launched by GoI
223. GoI: Technology developed to improve Fuel Efficiency of Internal Combustion Engines
224. Sunil Chhetri, Indian Football team Captain named for FIFA’s COVID-19 Campaign
225. Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Ann Yojana launched to fight COVID-19
226. UN launches Global Humanitarian Response Plan to fight against COVID-19
227. COVID-19: International Monetary Fund launches Government Policy Tracker
228. CII sets up COVID-19 Rehabilitation and Relief Fund
229. Election Ink allowed to stamp Corona Patients
March 27, 2020

230. G20 Summit: 5 trillion USD to be injected to fight against COVID-19
231. United Nations: 25 million jobs to be lost due to COVID-19 impact
232. Global Coal Production falls for the 4th Consecutive Year
233. RBI: Cuts repo rate to 4.4%; CRR to 3%; 3-month moratorium allowed on all loans
234. HydroxyChloroquine now made a H1 Drug in India; Exports banned
235. US launches Extremely High Frequency Satellite for military communication
236. Odisha sets up COVID-19 dedicated hospitals with 1,000 beds
6
237. Facts Box: Mo Jeeban Programme
238. India begins antibody tests for Corona Virus
March 28, 2020

239. Indian Army launches “Operation Namaste” to combat COVID-19
240. What are DMF Funds that are to be used by the states to combat COVID-19?
241. Mutation and Pangolins main source of COVID-19
242. India-Japan sign Rs 15,295 crores rail project
243. DRDO develops N99 masks, ventilators and hand sanitizers to help fight against COVID-19
244. Project Arunank running in full swing in China border despite of COVID-19
245. What is Defence Production Act, 1950 invoked in the US?
246. Home Ministry changes rules: State Disaster Relief Funds to be used for migrant workers
247. Lock Down: Agriculture and allied activities exempted
248. Major Relief Measures by Power Ministry during Lock Down
249. Access to “SWAYAM”, National Online Education Platform has tripled
250. GoI sets up PM-CARES Funds to fight against COVID-19
March 29, 2020

251. India to participate in WHO trials of COVID-19
252. Corona Virus: GoI launched CoNTeC to connect Doctors in India with AIIMS
253. Supreme Court Extends Deadline of Transition from BS IV to BS VI
254. Ministry of Defence: One Day Salary to PM-CARES Fund; Rs 500 crore contribution
255. FDA approves Convalescent Plasma Treatment for seriously ill COVID-19 patients
256. RBI approves Mega Bank Consolidation Plan
257. India to get uninterrupted LPG supply from Saudi Arabia
258. 500 officials of TRIFED Van Dhan India unleash power of Webinars to Work from Home
March 30, 2020

259. Panel set up by PMO to mitigate COVID-19 and restore normalcy after 21 Days Lock Down
260. APMC provides Guidelines to prevent crowding in Mumbai
261. Air Vice Marshal Chandan Singh Rathore passed away
262. Earth Hour: A Symbolic Movement of “Lights OFF” to save environment
263. NSTIs of Skill Development to be used as Quarantine Centres for COVID-19
264. Insurance Scheme for Health Care Workers fighting COVID-19
265. GoI: No plans to extend 21-days of Lock Down; Science behind 21-day Lock Down
266. RBI and Finance Ministry to meet to decide on First Half Borrowing Plan
267. Odisha Mining Activity greatly affected due to COVID-19; 21 mines interrupted
268. Asian Development Bank to invest 100 million USD in NIIF
269. Baltic Sea: Seal Pups face tough winter due to reduced ice levels
270. Tamil Nadu Governor allocates 1 Crore to PM-CARES Fund
271. International Table Tennis Federation suspends events, freezes World Rankings
272. Rajasthan celebrates Statehood Day
March 31, 2020

273. WHO criticizes India over issues faced by Migrants during Lock Down
274. COVID-19: New Technology to Disinfect Maharashtra Hospitals under “NIDHI PRAYAS” Programme
275. Peak Hour Pollution flattened due to COVID-19
276. Study of Community Forest Resources by Ministry of Tribal Affairs
277. United Nations: India and China likely to stay away from Global Recessions
278. Global Sugar Supply Chains hit globally
279. China recommends Bear Bile as a cure for COVID-19
280. US-Iran: Four Nuclear Restrictions renewed by US
281. Extraordinary G20 Trade and Investment Ministerial Meet
282. “Stranded in India” Portal launched to help Foreign Tourists
283. Indian Railways offer 3.2 lakh isolation beds
284. SEZs manufacturing essentials like pharmaceuticals, hospital equipment are operational
285. COVID-19: Maharashtra and Telangana Government announce major salary cuts
286. NASA announces SUNRISE Mission
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March 1, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
1. Corona Virus: WHO increases Global threat; US postpones ASEAN;

Geneva International Motor Show Cancelled
The COVID-19 (Corona Virus), that began in China has now spread to more than 45
countries. Outside China, South Korea has the highest number of COVID-19 victims.
1. Highlights
On February 29, 2020, the World Health Organization increased the global risk of COVID-
19. This was because the endemic has now spread to sub-Saharan Africa and has
plunged financial markets. WHO also says that more than 20 vaccines for the virus are
under development globally.
2. US postpones ASEAN
The United States has postponed the ASEAN summit to March 14, 2020 due to the
corona virus outbreak. Today, confirmed Corona Virus cases in the United States is 60.
3. Geneva International Motor Show

The Geneva International Motor Show one of the biggest annual auto-show circuit has
been cancelled amid Corona Virus fears. The show brings in innovation and experiences.
2. Red Panda Species are two separate species
On February 29, 2020, the Chinese Academy of Sciences have discovered that the red
panda species are actually two separate species. Earlier, both the Himalayan red pandas
and the Chinese red Pandas were together considered as red panda species. However,
the DNA analysis says that they are two separate species.
1. Habitats
Chinese Red Panda are found in northern Myanmar, Sichuan, south-eastern Tibet and
Yunnan province of China. The Himalayan red Pandas are found in India, Nepal, Bhutan
and southern Tibet. On the whole, there are 10,000 red pandas in the wild.
2. Key Findings
The Yalu Zangbu river marks the geographical boundary between the two species. The
two species differ in face. The Himalayan Red Panda has more white spots in its face and
Chinese red panda is redder with less white on it. The tail rings of the Chinese Red Panda
is darker and paler as compared to the Himalayan Red Panda.
3. Threats and Conservation

Deforestation is the major threat of the red panda species. The Red Pandas are called
“Living Fossils” as they are the only living member of the Ailuridae mammalian family.
The IUCN Red List has categorized Red Pandas as “Endangered”.
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4. Yalu Zangbu river
The Yalu Zangbu is also called Yarlung Zangpo or Yarlung Tsangpo. It is the upper
stream of the Brahmaputra river. It is the longest river in Tibet.
March 2, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
3. RalDer-X: New Explosive Detection Device developed by DRDO and

IISc Bangalore
On March 1, 2020, at the National Workshop on Explosive Detection, a new Explosive

Detection device called RalDer-X was launched.
1. Highlights
RalDer-X has the capacity to detect explosives that are in the pure form and also those
that are added with contaminants. It is also capable of detecting explosives at a
distance. The device is capable of detecting various applications such as narcotics and
also other elements that are non-explosive in nature.
2. Significance
Explosive Detection is highly important to inspect whether a container contains
explosives especially at ports, airports and at borders.
3. Colorimetrics
The test is based on detecting the nitrogen compound in the explosive with its color
reations. This is because, almost all explosives are made of nitroaromatic, nitramine or
nitrate based compounds. However, it requires physical handling of explosive. Also, it
cannot be detected in a sealed container. These disadvantages are over come by the
new explosive device RalDer-X.
4. Asian Development Bank Sanctions 4 million USD to members to

contain Corona Virus
The Asian Development Bank is to provide 4 million USD to member countries in Asia
and Pacific to contain COVID-19, the Corona Virus. The fund is being allocated for buying
emergency supplies, assessing health systems, improve resilience and respond to
animal human disease outbreaks.
1. Highlights
The main objective of fund allocation is to strengthen immediate response in China,
Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Myanmar and Vietnam. The bank has also sanctioned special
loan of 18.6 million USD to China to enhance distribution and supply of protective
equipment and essential medicines.
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2. Global Threats
Outside China, the virus has spread to Iran, Italy and South Korea. More than 84,000
people in 56 countries have been infected. So far 2,900 people have died because of the
virus.
3. Economic Downfall
The Global stock markets are facing steep falls. This is mainly because of travel bans
and international business meetings being cancelled and postponed. The World is
stepping towards weaker phase as compared to 2008 financial crisis. Therefore, it is
essential for international banks like ADB to step in to sanction loans.
5. IMD: Above Normal Heat Wave during Summer in India
The Indian Meteorological Department has announced that months of March, April and
May are to be warmer than normal. The heat waves are to prevail over the heat wave
zones of India
1. Heat Wave Zone

The Core Heat Wave Zone of India includes Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Delhi,
Uttarakhand, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh. Jharkhand,
Chhattisgarh, Odisha, West Bengal and Telangana.
2. What is a Heat Wave?

According to the World Meteorological Organization, a Heat Wave occurs when the daily
maximum temperature of 5 consecutive days exceeds average maximum temperature
by 5 degrees Celsius. During a heat wave, the weather is excessively hot and also highly
humid. Heat Waves usually occur in oceanic countries.
3. How are Heat Waves formed?

Heat waves are formed when high pressure in the upper atmosphere strengthens and
remains in a particular region for days together. They are common in summer as jet
streams follow the sun. This high-pressure traps highly humid warm air under it. The air
warms oceanic winds in the earth forming heat waves.
6. Zero Discrimination Day observed all over the world
On March 1, 2020, Zero Discrimination Day was observed globally. The day was
observed to challenge discrimination and inequality faced by women and girls. It aims to
protect rights of women and promote their empowerment and gender equality. This year
the day was observed under the theme
1. Highlights
The Zero Discrimination Day is observed by the United Nations AIDS Programme. Every
year the day is observed on March 1. It was first marked in 2014. It is being associated
with the AIDS Programme as the United Nations believe that fighting discrimination
against women is important to eradicate AIDS.
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2. Sustainable Development Goal
The United Nations aims to end the threat towards AIDS programme by the year 2030 as
a part of Sustainable Development Goal.
3. Significance
It is important to mark the day as one among three women in the world are experiencing
some form of violence. There are more than 50% of women that have reported violence
against them globally according to UN. Therefore, it is important to mark these days to
increase awareness.
7. India’s 40 million USD defence deal with Armenia beats Russia and
Poland
On March 1, 2020, India bagged a deal to supply 4 indigenously built radars (capable of
locating weapons) to Armenia. The deal was worth 40 million USD.
1. Highlights
India and Armenia signed deals on DRDO built “Swati” weapon locating radars. Armenia
has decided to go with Indian built radars after testing Russian and Poland made
systems. Armenia also claims that Indian made systems were more reliable as compared
to the other two.
2. Swati Radar
The Radar is capable of handling multiple weapons at different locations. Currently,
Indian army is also using the same radar along the line of control to trace source of
attack of the Pakistan army.
3. Significance
The Deal will help India achieve its Rs 35,000 crores of defence exports very soon. It will
also help India find new markets to sell its indigenous defence systems. The Defence
Ministry is also negotiating with middle east countries, latin American and south-east
Asian countries to export its defence products.
8. Farmer Welfare: Krishi Vigyan Mela, Krishi Vigyan Kendra Conference

launched
The GoI is taking several steps to double farmers income by 2022. In order to help
achieve the target, Krishi Vigyan Mela and Krishi Vigyan Kendra Conference were
inaugurated by Minister of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare Narendra Singh Tomar.
1. Krishi Vigyan Kendra Conference

The 11th Krishi Vigyan Kendra Conference was held in New Delhi recently. Krishi Vigyan
Kendra means Farmer Science Centre. The Conference directed the centres to focus on
small and deprived farmers.
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2. Krishi Vigyan Kendra
These Centres are created by the Indian Council for Agricultural Research. The first Krishi
Vigyan Kendra was established in 1974. These centres provide different types of farm
support at district level. Also, they implement on-farm testing to assess agricultural
technologies.
3. Krishi Vigyan Mela

The Krishi Vigyan Mela was launched to make agriculture a profitable venture. It is a fair
that aims to call talents in agriculture. Several discussions at the fair were conducted to
ensure superior seeds are supplied to farmers at reasonable rates.
9. March 3: World Wildlife Day
The 2020 year was earlier announced as “BioDiversity Super Year”. Therefore, several
events are being conducted based on biodiversity. It includes World Wildlife Day as well.
This year the World Wildlife Day is being celebrated under the theme
1. Highlights
The Day is being celebrated by several leading organizations of the world. It includes
United Nations General Assembly, CITES and other regional and non-governmental
organizations. On this day, they aim to build collaborative partnerships, organize
conservation events and demand illegally sourced wildlife and products.

Sustaining all Life on Earth includes all plant species and wild animals as component of
biodiversity. It also includes use of natural resources in support of the following
Sustainable Development Goals
3. History
The resolution to mark world wild life day was passed at the 69th session of United
Nations General Assembly that was held on 20th December, 2013.
4. Why March 3?
On March 3, 1973, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild
Fauna and Flora (CITES) was adopted. The World Wildlife Day was proposed by Thailand.
March 3, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
10. National Chambal Sanctuary declared as Eco-Sensitive Zone
On March 2, 2020, the Government of India declared National Chambal Sanctuary as

Eco-Sensitive Zone. The Sanctuary is home to Gangetic Dolphins and critically
endangered Gharials.
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1. Highlights
The Sanctuary is home to naturally living Gharials. 75% of Gharials live in the Sanctuary.
It also harbours 180 species of migratory birds and fresh water Gangetic Dolphins. Being
declared as Eco Sensitive Zone, construction of resorts, hotels or other residential and
industrial activities are prohibited.
2. National Chambal Sanctuary

The Sanctuary begins in the Vindhyan Ranges, extends along the Chambal river and
ends in Yamuna river. It is spread across Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh.
3. Eco-Sensitive Zone
The Eco-Sensitive Zones are protected areas that act as “shock absorbers”. They also
act as transition zones. They are governed by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and
Climate change. The governing is an important factor as land is a state subject. There
are no acts that regulate the zones. However, they are regulated with guidelines framed
by the Ministry.
11. EKAM Fest: Event to Promote craftsmanship and products of Divyang

entrepreneurs
A week-long festival called “EKAM FEST” was organized to promote the products of
Divyang artisans and entrepreneurs. More than 80 Divyang entrepreneurs and artisans
participated in the event.
1. Highlights
The event focuses to promote knowledge and entrepreneurship of Divyang Community.
It also aims to market their opportunities. The event was organized by NHFDC (National
Handicapped Finance and Development Corporation). The NHFDC also launched the
NHFDC Swavalamban Kendra (NSK), an initiative to establish micro skill training centre
for Divyangs
2. NHFDC
The NHFDC operates under Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment. It was
established in 1997. The Company provides financial assistance to divyangs and persons
with disabilities. Currently it is implementing Vishesh Microfinance Yojana
3. Vishesh Microfinance Yojana

Under the scheme, NHFDC finances income generating schemes of Disabled persons.
This is being done by signing agreement with Public Sector Banks, Regional Rural Banks
and other financial institutions. The main objective of the scheme is to reach out
unbanked population and promote inclusive livelihood.
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12. GoI allows Export of Onions
In September 2019, GoI had banned the export of onions in order to bring down its
prices in the country. The prices of the key cooking ingredient had soared due to supply
disruptions and floods in the major onion producing states Haryana and Maharashtra.
1. Highlights
Onion prices peaked in December 2019 as rains hit the Kharif crop badly. Now, with the
arrival of Rabi crop, the shortage is getting replenished and hence GoI has removed the
ban on exports of onions. Also, the Minimum Export Price imposed on onions as 850 USD
per tonne is being removed.
2. Minimum Export Price

The Minimum Export Price is fixing a floor price. An exporter cannot sell his product
below Minimum Export Price. The MEP is usually imposed on Basmati Rice and Onions to
restrict their export volumes.
3. Current Concerns of MEP

In order to export a product, a country should produce genuine export surplus. The
concept of MEP was introduced by GoI to maintain the above status. However, the
exporters have become masters in circumventing MEP and hence it has become
ineffective to restrict export of a commodity.
13. Star Rating Programme for Light Commercial Air Conditioners and
Deep Freezers launched
On March 2, 2020, in its 19th foundation day, the Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE)
operating under Ministry of Power launched star rating programme for Light Commercial
Air Conditioners (LCAC) and Deep Freezers.
1. Highlights
The Star Rating Programme was formulated by Bureau of Energy Efficiency under the
Energy Conservation Act, 2001. Around 24 appliances have been covered under the
programme.
2. Significance
Both LCAC and deep freezers are major energy consumers. Therefore, it is important to
include these two appliances in the programme to reduce carbon-dioxide emissions.
Especially, LCAC is of primary importance as it is used in commercial air conditioning.
With including these two appliances, it is estimated that the electricity consumption is to
be saved by 9 billion units.
3. Star Rating
The Star Rating gives energy efficiency of an appliance. Higher the star rating lower is
the energy consumed.
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14. 8th Foundation Day of Land Port Authority of India held in New Delhi
On March 2, 2020, the eighth foundation day of the Land Port Authority of India was
celebrated. The event discussed various aspects of land ports such as cargo operations
at Integrated Check Ports and other border infrastructure.
1. Land Port Authority of India

The Land Port Authority of India is responsible for managing border infrastructure. It
creates, upgrades and maintains the integrated check posts and also border
infrastructure.
2. Functions
The Authority works to provide secure and efficient systems of cargo and passenger
movements across international borders. It also works to reduce the dwell time and
trade transaction time and costs. It promotes people-to-people contact.
3. Legislation
The Land Port Authority of India is a statutory body. It was established under Land Ports
Authority of India Act, 2010. Under the act, it has powers to undertake joint ventures to
discharge its functions. It functions under Ministry of Home Affairs.
15. The Central Sanskrit Universities Bill, 2019 introduced
On March 2, 2020, the HRD Minister introduced the Central Sanskrit Universities Bill,
2019 in Rajya Sabha. It was introduced in Lok Sabha in December 2019 and was passed.
1. Key Features of the Bill

The bill aims to convert deemed Sanskrit universities to central Sanskrit universities.
They are Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan, New Delhi, Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeeth, Tirupati
and Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeeth, New Delhi.
2. Powers and Functions

The Powers and Functions of the universities are as follows
3. Authorities of the Universities

The Universities will also have a court to review policies, an executive council that will
create academic posts and appoint teaching faculties. It will also hold a board of studies
that will approve research subjects.
16. GoI Allows Airlines to provide In-Flight WiFi
The Government of India recently permitted the airlines operating in the country to
provide in-flight WiFi Services to its passengers. This technology allows the passengers
to use laptop, tablet, smart watches, smartphones and a point of sale device in flight
mode.
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1. In-Flight WiFi
In-Flight WiFi is offering internet services to passengers during their flight with an airline.
India and North Korea were the only two countries that were hesitant in offering in-flight
WiFi services. India was hesitant due to security concerns. The Ministry of Civil Aviation
has been highly strict since the hijacking of Delhi to Kathmandu flight in 1999.
2. How does an In-Flight WiFi work?

When a Passenger turns ON the fight mode, the antenna of the plane is linked to
terrestrial internet services. After the flight climbs to 3,000 metres altitude which any
flight reaches in 4 to 5 minutes of its take off, the antenna of the flight will switch to
satellite-based services. Hence there will be no break in internet services to the
passengers.
17. GoI nominates 2 sites to be included in World Heritage Sites List
The Government of India submitted two nomination dossiers for their inclusion in World
Heritage List for the year 2020. They are as follows
1. Dholavira
The dholavira is an archaeological site in Gujarat. It consists of ruins of ancient Indus
Valley Civilization. It is located in Kutch Desert Wildlife Sanctuary, the largest wildlife
sanctuary in India area wise. The site is located on the Tropic of Cancer.
1.1. Kutch Desert Wildlife Sanctuary

It is a saline wetland. The land has an average depth of 0.5 metres to 1.5 metres. It dries
up and turns into a saline desert in the months of October and November. Also, it
supports variety of water birds and mammals.
2. Deccan Sultanate
The Deccan Sultanates were 5 major kingdoms. They ruled between Vindhya Range and
Krishna river in the Deccan Plateau. Their architecture was Indo-Islamic and greatly
influenced by the Mughal architecture. There are 4 major places that are addressed as
Deccan Sultanate Monuments and Forts. They are
18. Lok Sabha Speaker launches “Suposhit Maa Abhiyan”: To create

Malnutrition free India
On March 1, 2020, the Lok Sabha speaker Shri Om Birla launched Suposhit Maa Abhiyan
in Kota, Rajasthan. The Scheme aims to create malnutrition-free India. It mainly supports
pregnant women and adolescent girls.
1. About the Scheme

Suposhit Maa Abhiyan was launched to preserve the health of future generations. Under
the programme, more than 1000 women are to be given food for 1 month. It is
applicable only to one pregnant woman per family.
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2. Significance
The Scheme is launched to help India achieve its target of “Malnutrition Free India” by
2022. Kota, Rajasthan was selected as it is the constituency of the speaker.
19. Financial Assistance to Kaziranga National Park under CAMPA
On March 2, 2020, a Rajya Sabha Member of the ruling party replied about the financial
assistance being provided to the Kaziranga National Park, Assam
1. Highlights
The Rajya Sabha MP Kamakhya Prasad Tasa said that Rs 94,46,585 and Rs 51,24,670
were sanctioned for Kaziranga National Park during the financial years 2018-19 and
2019-20. The funds were sanctioned under CAMPA. Apart from this, funds were also
transferred under Project Tiger Scheme and Development of Wildlife Habitat Scheme
2. What were the steps taken withe funds?

The Assam Government has used the allocated fund to deploy Special Rhino Protection
Force, Assam Forest Protection Force, Home Guards and front line forest staff. Many
platforms and highlands have been constructed in the park. This helps the animals to
stay safe during floods. Anti-poaching camps have been organized. Several smart
technologies like “Electronic Eye” have been adopted.
3. CAMPA
CAMPA is Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management and Planning Authority. It was
established in 2001 and is governed through CAMPA act.
3.1. Background
In 2003, the Supreme Court noticed that funds collected for afforestation were
underutilized by the states. Therefore, the apex court set up CAMPA to manage the fund.
Later in 2015, the act was constituted to regulate the afforestation funds.
March 4, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
20. UNHRC files in Supreme Court on Citizenship Amendment Act
On March 3, 2020, the United Nation Human Rights Commission moved to Supreme
Court on the matter of Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA). The commission has filed a
case challenging CAA.
1. India on the Move of UNHRC

India believes that the CAA is an internal matter of the country. Also, according to India,
CAA is constitutionally valid.
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The Citizenship Amendment Act was passed in 2019. The act amends Citizenship Act
1955. It seeks to give nationality only to 6 religious communities (Hindus, Christians,
Jains, Buddhists, Parsis and Sikhs) if they entered India before 31 December 2014. It
does not include Muslims. Also, the act does not include other refugees such as
Rohingya from Myanmar and Tamils from Sri Lanka.
3. Significance of the act

According to GoI, the partition of India failed to protect the minorities in Pakistan and
Bangladesh. India and Pakistan were partitioned under Nehru-Liaqat pact in 1950.
Pakistan announced itself as a Muslim nation while India became secular. Even after
independence, India has constantly conceded that minorities in Pakistan are its
responsibilities.
21. UP Government provides Rs 900 per month to farmers willing to

keep stray cattle
On March 3, 2020, Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath announced that his
government will pay Rs 900 per month to farmers willing to keep stray cattle.
1. The Issue
Earlier in 2019, the farmer protests in Uttar Pradesh had gone up over stray cattle
destroying their fields. The population of stray cattle in the state increased as the UP
Government had banned illegal animal slaughtering in the state.
2. Steps taken
Initially cow shelters were built to adopt abandoned stray cattle However, they began
overflowing and also it was financially difficult for the UP Government to take care of
cattle in huge numbers.
22. Finance Minister introduces bill to amend Banking Regulation Act
On March 3, 2020, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitaraman introduced bill in Parliament to

amend banking regulation law to regulate cooperative banks. It aims to prevent frauds
as that seen at Punjab and Maharashtra Cooperative Banks (PMC).
1. Highlights
The Banking Regulation (Amendment) Bill, 2020 intends to regulate 1,540 cooperative
banks with total savings of Rs 5 lakh crores. It also aims to protect the small depositors
that struggle a lot during frauds like that of PMC. The withdrawal limit of PMC banks was
limited to Rs 1000 during the crisis. This had put several customers in an insecure
environment.
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2. Key Features of the Amendment
The amendments are being made only to multi-state cooperative banks and urban
cooperative banks. The Cooperative Banks are currently under dual control of both RBI
and Registrar of Cooperative Societies. With the amendment, RBI will have extra powers
apart from regulatory functions such as capital adequacy and cash reserve. However,
the administrative role of the bank is to continue with the Registrar of Societies.
23. Corona Virus: World Bank announces 12 billion USD aid
On March 3, 2020, the World Bank announced 12 billion USD to assist countries that are
grappling with economic impacts of corona virus. The virus has reached 60 countries so
far.
1. Highlights
The World bank is to provide the financial aid for the countries to act upon the needs
and develop a fast response towards the spread of the virus. The financing is only to
member countries whose economy is at stake due to the virus. Also, priority is to be
given to those countries that are the poorest and are at highest risks.
2. Current Global Risk

The World Health organization in its recent report of Corona Virus Disease situation
report says that so far the virus has killed 37 people outside China. Overall, 166 have
died so far all over the world. Today, the number of COVID-19 cases is 10,566.
3. Scenario in India
India has so far relatively stayed safe in spite of China being a neighbor. So far 5 cases
have been reported in India. The virus had badly affected the manufacturing sector of
the country namely electronics, medicines, chemicals and textiles.
24. Global Coalition for Biodiversity launched on World Wildlife Day
On March 3, 2020, on the sidelines of the World Wildlife Day celebrations, Global
Coalition for Biodiversity was launched. The initiative was launched by the European
commission. The coalition was named “United for Biodiversity”.
1. Highlights
The Global Coalition is constituted of national parks, aquariums, zoos, botanical gardens
and science museums that are spread all over the world. The Coalition has called the
institutions all over the world to join before the Convention on Biological Diversity in
Kunming, China. The Convention is to be held in China in October 2020.
2. IPBES at the Coalition

The Coalition cited Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services
findings that more than 1 million species are under risk of extinction. The Coalition
hence adopted a pledge to appeal to visitors of the institutions associated with it to
“raise voice for Nature”.
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3. What is IPBES?
IPBES is Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem
Services. It was established in Panama City in 2012 by 94 countries. It is not a part of
United Nations. However, on the request of IPBES, the United Nations Environment
Programme provides secretariat services to IPBES.
25. Corona Virus: NASA reports Pollution Levels in China have dropped
greatly
On March 2, 2020, NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) reported that
Nitrous Oxide pollution in China has declined greatly between January and February
2020. According to the report, nitrous oxide pollution has declined by more than 100
tonnes of carbon-dioxide.
1. Highlights
The report says that every year, after New Year Celebrations, air pollution in china peaks
to its highest. However, this year, due to economic slowdown caused by the fear of virus,
the pollution was at its minimal. This was mainly because of closure of several
businesses and factories all over China.
2. Current Scenario
The World Health Organization has said that COVID-19 can be contained. This is because
out of 80 countries that have been infected with the virus, 38 of them have less than 10
cases.
3. Controversy
Though WHO is optimistic, the Health Agencies believe that the countries have to assess
their preparedness in fighting the disease. They say that 30% of those hospitalized with
COVID-19 infections require critical care. In such scenario, apart from financial support,
the countries should also possess skilled hands that are capable of operating the critical
care equipment.
26. March 4: National Security Day
On March 4, 2020, the Rashtriya Suraksha Diwas or National Security Day was
celebrated throughout India. The Day is celebrated to honour the work of Indian Security
Forces. This includes every security personnel, policemen, para military forces, guards,
commandos, army officers, etc.
1. Highlights
The National Security Day is celebrated to promote and increase security forces. The
Day reminds the citizens about their fundamental duties towards the country. Above all,
the day pays homage to the security jawans who lost their lives for the country.
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2. Why March 4th?
The National Security Days is being observed on March 4 every year because, the
National Security Council was established on the very same day
3. National Security Council

The Security Council looks into the economic, political and strategic security concerns of
India. It was established in 1998 by the then Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee.
27. Ministry of Tribal Affairs constitutes committee on Community Forest

Resource Guidelines
The Union Ministry of Tribal Affairs recently constituted a committee under NC Saxena,
former member of Planning Commission of India. The Committee will examine and
recommend Community Forest Resources (CFR) Guidelines. The Committee has been
constituted under Forest Rights Act, 2006.
1. Why the Committee?

In 2016, the Tribal Affairs Ministry framed CFR in consultation with the Ministry of
Environment, Forest and Climate Change. However, the guidelines faced several
criticisms from tribal organizations all over India. They complained that the guidelines
were too technical.
2. The Issue
The Forest Right Act, 2006 gives habitat rights to the Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group
and pre-agriculture communities. They shall access the resources in the area that are
designated as their habitat. However, the act left it at the responsibility of the states to
identify the habitats. Several states failed to recognize such habitats.
28. APEDA signs MoUs to implement Agriculture Export Policy
The Agricultural and Processed Food Export Development Authority (APEDA) has signed
Memorandum of Understandings with IIT Delhi, Quality Council of India (QCI) and Indian
Chamber of Food and Agriculture (ICFA).
1. Agriculture Export Policy

The Agriculture Export Policy was launched in 2018. It aims to increase the agricultural
export potential of the country. It is highly important to increase the exports of
agricultural products in order to achieve the goal of “Doubling Farmers Income” by 2022.
2. IIT-Delhi
With IIT-Delhi, APEDA has signed agreement in the field of technologies. The IIT-Delhi will
share its research laboratories with APEDA under the agreement. It will also help in
improvising farm machineries. The institute is to develop ripening indices, protocols to
export horticultural produce by sea.
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3. QCI and ICFA
The QCI will develop training materials for INDGAP scheme. INDGAP is India Good
Agriculture Practices. The ICFA will help APEDA to organize community specific trade
events. It will also help agricultural start ups in scaling up their business.
29. Luxembourg: The First Country in the World to provide Free Public
Transport
Luxembourg in Europe has become the first country to make all forms of public transport
free. It is the second smallest country in the European Union.
1. Highlights
Around 0.2 million passengers travel to Luxembourg from its neighbouring countries
such as Belgium, France and Germany for work. Also, it has the highest car density in
European Union.
2. Why Free Public Transport?

According to European Commission Statistical Wing, Luxembourg had 670 cars per 1000
people. The capital of the country also called Luxembourg was the 53rd most congested
city in the world according to 2020 Traffic Index. People in the city lost 163 useful hours
to traffic. It will also help reduce pollution to great extent.
3. How does it work?

The project of making public transport free is a dual social measure in the country. It is
funded by the tax payers. This will help low earners save money. Also, the burden is
shouldered by the better off population.
4. Similar Measures by Delhi Government

In October 2019, the State Government of Delhi announced similar scheme. The
Government had made public transport free for women. Delhi being the 8th most
congested city in the world, the scheme has boosted women population. However, it
financial drained Delhi Transport Corporation.
4.1. Hurdles
Infrastructure of buses is the major concern. The Supreme Court in 2001 assessed that
Delhi needs 10,000 buses. The predictions should increase by 2020. Currently, there are
only 6,233 buses with the Delhi State Transport Corporation (according to February
2020).
March 5, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
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30. Cabinet Approval: Foreign Direct Investment Policy on Civil Aviation
On March 4, 2020, the Union Cabinet under PM Modi cleared the Foreign Direct
Investment Policy on Civil Aviation. According to the policy, 100% FDI is permitted in the
air transport services. Earlier only 49% was available for sale to NRIs
1. Benefit
The main benefit of the policy is that it will help in divestment of Air India. The
amendment in the policy will permit NRIs to invest in Air India. The policy will also
improve ease of doing business in the country. It will also contribute to growth, income
and employment.
2. Concern
The policy says that for Air India the foreign investment shall not exceed 49%. This
means that though 100% FDI is allowed, the automatic route is open only to NRIs.
3. Other Airlines
For other airlines other than Air India, 100% FDI is permitted under automatic route. This
includes domestic, scheduled and other air transport services.
31. Cabinet Approval: Mega Consolidation of Public Sector Banks
On March 4, 2020, the Union Cabinet chaired by Narendra Modi had approved mega
consolidation of 10 Public Sector Banks.
1. Highlights
The mega merger is to come into effect from April 1, 2020. It includes amalgamation of
United Bank of India and Oriental Bank of India into Punjab National Bank. Also,
amalgamation of Syndicate Bank into Canara Bank. The Cabinet also approved
amalgamation of Corporation Bank and Andhra Bank into Union Bank of India. It also
approved amalgamation of Allahabad Bank into Indian Bank
2. Benefits
The Amalgamation will help these under performing banks get cost benefits. Also, each
amalgamated bank will hold business of 8 lakh crore rupees. This will help the banks
compete with other banks in India and also globally. It will also increase competitive
spirit of the banks boosting Indian Banking System.
3. How is Amalgamation different from Merger?

A Merger is where two or more business entities combine to form a new entity. On the
other hand, in amalgamation one business entity acquires one or more business entities.
32. Delhi announced as next Google Cloud Region after Mumbai
On March 5, 2020, Google announced that it will open its next cloud region of India at
Delhi by 2021. This is the second cloud region of Google after Mumbai, that was
launched in 2017. Google owns 22 cloud regions in Asia Pacific.
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1. Highlights
Along with Delhi Cloud Region, Google will also open its data centers in Toronto
(Canada), Melbourne (Australia) and Doha (Qatar).
2. What is Google Cloud Region?

The Google Cloud Services are now available in South America, North America, Asia,
Europe and Australia. They are regions that stores data. These data storage regions help
several companies to store and secure their data.
3. How is it helpful for India?

India has strict data localization laws. This is because by this, GoI believes that consumer
data can be protected in a better way. This way it helps in national security, sovereignty
and economic development.The Google Cloud Region hence helps companies to store
data locally.
33. GoI clears Genome India Project
The Department of Biotechnology operating under Ministry of Science and Technology

has cleared Genome India Project. More than 20 leading institutions including IISc
Bengaluru are to participate in the project.
1. Highlights
The project will at its first phase take samples of 10,000 persons to develop a reference
Genome. The Centre of Brain Research operating under IISc will act as a nodal point of
the project. The Project was inspired by Human Genome Project.
2. Human Genome Project

The Human Genome Project was launched in 1990 and ended in 2003. It was an
international project funded by the US Government.
3. What is Genome?
Genome is the sequence of DNA. It contains all the hereditary information of an
individual. Genome is not the same as gene or DNA. Genes are made of DNA. The
Genome is simply sum of all DNAs of an individual.
34. CRISPR (CaS9)-The Gene Editing Tool used to treat blindness for the
first time
The Gene Editing Tool called CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic
Repeats) has been used for the first time to treat blindness. However, doctors claimed
that it will take a month to check if the vision of the patient has restored. This has been
achieved at the Oregon University, Portland, USA.
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1. What is CRISPR?
It is a family of DNA sequences that are found in prokaryotic organisms like bacteria.
They are derived from DNA of Bacteriophages. Bacteriopage is a virus that infects
bacteria and archaea.
2. Technology Used
The CRISPR-Cas is used to edit genes in an organism. It is an enzyme. Cas is CRISPR
Associated protein.

The CRISPR based tool allows to target genomic location. After identifying the target, it
adds, removes or alters that particular DNA sequence.
4. Pros and Cons

The Gene Editing technology can be used to modify disease causing genes. It is capable
of editing genetic diseases as well. On the other hand, it marks irreversible changes in
the bodies of future children. Many activists believe that it is unethical and against
nature.
35. Cabinet Approval: To amend Companies Act, 2013
On March 4, 2020, the Union Cabinet approved 72 changes to the Companies Act, 2013.
The main aim of the amendment is to decriminalize the provisions in the act.
1. Highlights
The amendment aims to recategorize 23 offences and omit 7 compoundable offences.
Under the amendment, the companies with Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
obligation of less than Rs 50 lakhs need not constitute a CSR committee.
2. What is CSR?
The CSR is a concept through which a company takes volunteer efforts in philanthropical
programmes and adopt businesses that benefit society. The Injeti Srinivas Committee
was constituted to review existing frameworks of CSR and strengthen its ecosystem.
3. Section 129 A introduced

The act is to be amended to make filings more scientific. A new Section 129 A is to be
included that will file results of unlisted companies (under the act) on a periodic basis.
This is to be done in additional to annual filing.
4. Benefits
The amendments will help increase investments, especially foreign investments. This is
mainly because, the amendment is to allow domestic firms to list on foreign exchanges.
At present, Indian Companies have the option of GDR (Global Depository Receipt) and
ADR (American Depository Receipt) alone.
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36. Black Carbon Levels in Himalayan Glaciers and Biomethanation
The Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology (WIHG) conducted study near Gangotri Glacier
in 2016. According to the study, the black carbon concentration in the region has
increased by 400 times.
1. Highlights
The increase in carbon concentration in the region is mainly because of agricultural
burning and forest fire. The concentration of black carbon was found to be minimum in
August and maximum in May.
2. What is Black Carbon?

Black Carbon are fine particles of carbon that are formed due to incomplete combustion
of fossil fuels and biomass. These particles are capable of absorbing energy from the sun
(light) a million times more than that of carbon dioxide. However, black carbon are short
lived unlike carbon dioxide.
3. Biomethanation
The Government of India has taken the technology of Biomethanation as a solution for
stubble burning. Quality manure and biogas are obtained from bio-methanation process.
Six biomethanation plants are to be constructed in Punjab that will convert paddy straw
into bio-gas.
37. What is BHOG of FSSAI?
The Tamil Nadu Food Safety and Drug Administration recently asked the administrators
of temples to obtain BHOG certificate from FSSAI (Food Safety and Standards Authority
of India). This was launched in 2018.
1. What is BHOG?
BHOG is Blissful Hygiene Offering to God. These are certificates issued by FSSAI. The
BHOG certificates ensure quality of food offered to devotees and deities as well. It was
launched as a precautionary measure to maintain hygiene of foods at the temples.
2. About the Project

The project was initiated by FSSAI. The project apart from maintaining the quality of
foods at temples, also gives training for food handlers on basic food safety. It incudes
Gurudwaras, Temples, Mosques. The project has also made it mandatory for the Prasad
stalls and vendors that sell Prasad in and around temple premises to obtain BHOG
certificate.
3. Eat Right Campaign

The certificate also includes principles of Eat Right Campaign. The Eat Right Campaign is
based on two broad pillars namely “Eat Healthy” and “Eat Right”.
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March 6, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
38. International Conference on Nano-Science and Nano Technology held

in Kolkata
On March 5, 2020, the Department of Science of Technology operating under Ministry of

Science and Technology organized an International Conference on Nano-Science and
Nano Technology (ICONSAT) at Kolkata. The Conference is to be held between March 5,
2020 and March 7, 2020.
1. Highlights
The Conference highlighted the current need of India in the field of Nano-Science. It
includes 5Ms namely Material, Mechanical, Manufacturing, Manpower and Machines. The
Conference was attended by more than 450 scientists from all over the world.
2. Current Scenario
India started its journey of nanotechnology with the launch of “Nano Science and
Technology Initiative” (NSTI) in 2001 for a span of 5 years. In 2007, it was renamed as
“Nano Mission”. Nano Mission had wider objectives and larger funding of 250 million
USD. This effort paid off well with Indian researchers publishing more than 23,000 papers
in the field in next 5 years. In 2013, India ranked third in research paper publication in
the field after China and USA.
39. India-European Union to work together on Integrated Local Energy

Systems
During India’s Smart Utility Week, India and European Union called upon Integrated Local
Energy System. The countries are to work upon clean energy and climate. The
collaboration will help to improvise clean energy supply
1. Highlights
The collaboration and steps that were taken are completely based on Mission Innovation.
The collaboration will aim at increasing the contribution of renewables. Along side of the
collaboration, India and Sweden are to work on Smart Grids. These projects are to be
funded by Department of Science and Technology (DST). The DST has so far established
3 major international smart grids in 24 countries.
2. Smart Grid Systems

Smart Grids are electricity networks that allow devices to communicate (between
consumers and suppliers), protect distribution network, allow to manage demand, save
energy and reduce costs.
3. Mission Innovation
Mission Innovation is a global initiative of 24 countries. It aims at accelerating clean
affordable energy to create commercial opportunities. It was announced by Bill Gates at
COP21 in 2015 along with PM Modi, President Obama and President Hollande (French).
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40. Corona Virus: OPEC to cut oil production largely since 2008 financial
crisis
On March 5, 2020, the world’s largest oil production nations of OPEC (Organization of
Petroleum Exporting Countries) have planned to cut production. This is the deepest oil
production cuts since 2008 financial crisis.
1. Highlights
The major member of OPEC, Saudi Arabia has planned to cut production by 1.5 million
barrel a day from April 2020. This is equivalent to holding back 3.6% of global oil
supplies. The cuts are being made to avoid oil prices from collapsing.
2. Russia Factor
Russia has been hesitant towards making deeper cuts. Being a major contributor of
OPEC, Russia’s move might backfire other OPEC countries. This is because, the oil
exports of Russia will tend to increase as Russia oil will become cheaper. Therefore,
other countries of OPEC are forcing Russia to join deeper oil production cuts
41. Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana signs MoU with Amazon to e-market
On March 5, 2020, Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana-National Urban Livelihoods Mission

(DAY-NULM) has signed MoU with Amazon to e-market products made by self help
groups in India.
1. Highlights
The MoU has been signed as a part of Women’s Day celebration. Every year March 8 is
celebrated as International Women’s Day. The women entrepreneurs in E-Commerce
platform has been growing substantially. The MoU will help to empower these women
entrepreneurs.
2. Shehri Samridhi Utsav

It is an initiative of Ministry of Housing and Urban affairs. It is a rally that aims at
increasing the outreach of DAY-NULM. It also organizes job melas and fairs for products
made by women SHGs.
3. DAY-NULM
It is a flagship programme of Ministry of Housing and Urban affairs. The programme aims
to reduce poverty. It also aims to reduce vulnerability of urban poor by enabling their
self-employment opportunities and also increase their skilled wage employment
opportunities.
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42. RBI capped Rs 50,000 as withdrawal limit of YES Bank customers:
What is YES BANK CRISIS in news?
On March 5, 2020, the Reserve Bank of India imposed a month-long moratorium. Also,
the Apex Bank has imposed withdrawal restrictions of Rs 50,000 to the customers.
However, in case of medical emergencies and higher education fees, the restriction has
been increased to Rs 5 lakhs.
1. Highlights
The Reserve Bank has taken actions as the Yes Bank is currently unable to raise funds
that will help against loan losses. RBI has selected SBI (The State Bank of India) to inject
capital into Yes Bank. SBI is to conduct viability assessment in buying stakes at Yes
Bank.
2. What is Moratorium?
Moratorium is a temporary suspension of an activity or business. Though RBI has powers
to impose restrictions on financial activities of banks in India, it has no powers to impose
a moratorium. Moratorium has been imposed on the bank by GoI under recommendation
of RBI.
3. Banking Regulation Act

The Reserve Bank of India has powers to take above actions under Banking Regulation
Act, 1949. Section 35A of the act provides powers to put withdrawal restrictions on any
bank in India.
43. Jammu Airport comes under CISF
On March 6, 2020, the Jammu airport security was taken over by the Central Industrial
Security Force (CISF). With this there are 63 airports under CISF at present.
1. Airport Security
The CISF is responsible for airport security at all commercial airports of India. Earlier the
airports were under the control of airport police. However, after the hijack of Indian
Airlines Flight 814 in 1999, it was handed over to CISF.
2. CISF
It was set up in 1969. However, it was made an armed force in 1983. Recently in 2017,
the GoI increased the strength of CISF personnel from 145,000 to 180,000. It operates
under Ministry of Home Affairs. Apart from airport, CISF also guards seaports, industrial
sectors, atomic power plants, oil refineries, thermal power plants, mines and other public
sector undertakings. It also guards currency note presses.
44. March 7: Jan Aushadhi Diwas
On January 7, 2020, Jan Aushadi Diwas is to be celebrated. The day is being celebrated
to commemorate the achievements of Pradhan Mantri Bharatiya Janaushadi Pariyojana.
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PM Modi is to interact with seven Pradhan Mantri Janaushadhi Pariyojana Kendras as a
part of celebration of the day.
1. Highlights
The Prime Minister is to interact with seven Pradhan Mantri Janaushadhi Pariyojana
Kendras through video conferencing.
2. Janaushadhi Kendras
The Kendras are the biggest retail pharma chain in the world. They are spread across
700 districts. There are more than 6,200 such Kendras in India. In 2019-20, the total
sales at these outlets crossed Rs 390 crores. This saved Rs 2,200 crores for common
citizens.
3. Pradhan Mantri Bharatiya Janaushadhi Pariyojana

The basic aim of the scheme is to create awareness about Generic medicines. Generic
Medicines are unbranded medicines that are equally safe. They are much cheaper than
the branded ones.
45. Mineral Law Amendment Bill passed in Lok Sabha
On March 6, 2020, the Lok Sabha passed Mineral Laws (Amendment) bill, 2020. The bill
aims to amend Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) act, 1957 and also
Coal Mines (Special Provisions) Act, 2015.
1. Highlights
The bill was passed in the parliament without discussion. This was because of the
constant uproar of the opposition over death of 52 people in the Delhi Violence over
Citizenship Amendment Act.
2. Key Features of the bill

The bill opens up the coal sector completely for commercial mining. It also intends to
remove end use restrictions to participate in coal mine auctions. This will mainly help
reduce coal imports.
3. Coal Sector in India

The Coal output in India has been declining lately. This is mainly due to flooding of mines
and labour unrest. Therefore, GoI has taken several steps to boost coal production in the
country. The FDI in coal sector has been made to 100%. GoI is also taking several steps
to reduce coal imports. In spite being the fourth largest producer of coal in the world,
India imported 235 billion tonnes of coal in 2019.
March 7, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
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46. United Nations Global Compact Study: Women Labour-force has
declined greatly in India
The United Nations Global Compact conducted a study recently and found that female
labour participation has decreased from 34% in 2006 to 24.8% in 2020. The study also
says that out of the 153 countries surveyed, India is the only country where economic
gender gap is greater than political gap.
1. Key Findings
The Study says that if women labour participation has been the same as that of men, the
GDP of the country shall be boosted by 27%. Globally 38.7% of employed women are
working in forestry, agriculture and fisheries. However, only 13.85 of them are
landholders.
2. Suggestions
The study suggests that corporate policies and public policies in India should ensure
effective solutions. They should adapt life changes with their employees including dual
career couples, maternity and changing care needs.
3. United Nations Global Compact

The United Nations Global Compact states 10 principles on human rights, anti-
corruption, environment and labour. It encourages businesses world wide to adopt
socially responsible policies.
47. India shares two SARS-CoV-2 Genome Sequences with Global

Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data
On March 7, 2020, India officially shared two SARS-CoV-2 with the Global Initiative on
Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID).
1. Highlights
The Pune based National Institute of Virology has shared two sequences of novel corona
virus with Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data. It is important to study the
genome sequences of the virus as it will help in epidemiological investigations. These
include how the virus spreads and where the virus has come from, etc.
2. GISAID
The GISAID promotes international sharing of influenza virus sequences.
3. Corona Virus update

More than 100,000 are infected globally due to Corona Virus and spread across 90
countries. Around 31 people are currently infected with Corona Virus. It includes 16
Italian nationals as well. India has so far imposed travel restrictions to Iran, Italy and
South Korea. Also, India has suspended issue of e-visas to Italy, Japan, Iran and South
Korea.
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48. Ministry of AYUSH develop “AYUSH GRID” and “National Ayurveda
Morbidity Codes”
On March 6, 2020, the Ministry of AYUSH released digital platform called AYUSH GRID.
The grid provides facilities associated with AYUSH hospitals and laboratories and
promote traditional health care.
1. AYUSH GRID
There are more than 12,500 AYUSH centres in India. The “AYUSH GRID” platform aims to
digitize entire AYUSH sector. The Ministry has launched AYUSH Hospital Information
Management System, Yoga locator application, Tele-medicine, case registry portal,
bhuvan application earlier. These projects are to be linked with AYUSH GRID at later
stages.
2. National Ayurveda Morbidity Codes

The Ministry of AYUSH has developed National Ayurveda Morbidity Codes. These codes
classify diseases described in Ayurveda. In the first phase of the initiative 4 disease
conditions have been identified namely KAsa, Kushtha, Jwara and Shwasa.
3. AYUSH-Backbone of Ayushman Bharat

Ministry of AYUSH is the backbone of Ayushman Bharat Yojana. The GoI prescribed cross-
pathy under the scheme. The ministry has also collaborated with Council for Scientific
and Industrial Research to set up traditional knowledge digital library.
49. Ghojadanga of West Bengal and Agartala of Tripura designated as

immigration check posts
On March 6, 2020, Ghojadanga of West Bengal and Agartala of Tripura were designated
as land immigration check posts. They are located in Indo-Bangladesh border.
1. Highlights
The Government of India has designated Agartala and Ghojadanga to check all classes of
passengers entering to and exiting from India. The immigration posts will check travel
documents of the passengers.
2. Legislation
The check posts were authorized under Passport rules, 1950.
3. India-Bangladesh
Bangladesh is one of the strongest trading partners of India. Today, the trade between
the countries stand at 10 billion USD. Also, Bangladesh is the largest contributor of
tourism to India. Also, the visas issued by Indian high commission in Bangladesh is the
highest of all the Indian missions. It issues more than 1 million visas annually.
4. LCS And Customs Ports

The movement of Goods and people are both routed through Land Customs Stations,
immigration check posts and inland custom ports. India has adopted the policy of
“Guarding and Securing” in order to secure its boundary at Bangladesh border.
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50. March 8: International Women’s Day
Every year, March 8th is marked as International Women’s Day. It was first proposed by
the Socialist Party of America in 1909. However, it was pertained to New York City. The
first International Women’s Day was marked first in 1909.
1. Theme
This year the International Women’s Day (ITW) is marked under the theme
2. Women’s Day in India

For the first time in Indian history, women visiting monuments under Archaeological
Survey of India are to be provided with free pass. This is being done to signify Indian
Culture’s respect for women. Women are being worshipped as goddess in Indian Culture.
51. CAG Report: 40% of Environment Related Crimes in India are from
Rajasthan
On March 6, 2020, the Comptroller and Auditor General tabled the report for the year
that ended on 31st March 2018 (2017-18). The report was tabled in the assembly.
According to the report, between 2014 and 2016, 40% of environmental crimes in India
were from Rajasthan.

The report pointed out that Wildlife Crime Control units were not established in the state.
The crimes violated Forest (Conservation) act and Wildlife Protect Act.
2. Forest Reserves
The Ranthambhore Tiger Reserve and Sariska Tiger Reserve were not regulated due to
the absence of Local Advisory Committee. In Ranthambhore, 5 out of 10 core areas were
not closed in monsoon season.
3. Irritants
The CAG identified several irritants to the wild life in the area. The Abheda Biological
Park in Kota had garbage dumping yard nearby. The other concerns were firing range of
the army, industrial areas and slums.
52. Facts Box: Major Port at Vadhvan, Maharashtra
The Union Cabinet recently approved the proposal to set up major port at Vadhvan in
Maharashtra. The GoI has sanctioned Rs 65,545 crores for the project.
34
1. Highlights
The port is being set up to achieve GoI target of developing infrastructure projects of
worth 100 lakh crore rupees. The port will handle 16,000 to 25,000 TEUs per day. A
Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) is to be in association with Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust is
to be fromed.
2. What is special about Vadhvan Port?

The Mundra port and JNPT port are the two largest container handling ports in India.
They have drafts of 16 metres and 15 metres respectively. The Vadhvan port has a
natural port of 20 metres. This makes it ideal to handle bigger vessels.
53. India joins Indian Ocean Commission as the fifth Observer
On March 6, 2020, India joined the Indian Ocean Commission as the fifth observer. The
other four observers in the grouping are Malta, China, European Union and OIF
(International Organization of La Francophonie).
1. Highlights
It is important for India to join as an observer at the Commission because, it will help
India in expanding its plans in Western Indian Ocean. The Western Indian Ocean
strategically connects South Eastern Coast of Africa. However, this move is not
connected with the Chinese presence in the Indian Ocean. This is purely to support India
interests in the western flanks of the Indo-Pacific region.
2. Indian Ocean Commission

The Indian Ocean Commission was created in 1982 at Port Louis, Mauritius. It comprises
of 5 African Indian Ocean Nations namely Madagascar, Mauritius, Comoros, Reunion
(France) and Seychelles.
54. Monitoring Cell opened under Mission Bhagiratha
A dedicated monitoring cell was opened under Mission Bhagiratha to invite grievances
and issues of supply of drinking water.
1. Highlights
The aim of the cell is to get prepared to address water scarcity of summer. The cell
constituted will record complaints and redress them without any delays.
2. Mission Bhagiratha
The Mission Bhagiratha is a safe drinking water project that was launched for the state of
Telangana. It aims to provide drinking water to every village and city household. It will
supply clean drinking water from the rivers Krishna and Godavari.
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3. River Bhagirathi
Though the mission is named “Bhagirathi”, it does not denote the river. According to
hindu culture Bhagiratha, is an Indian king who brought the holy river Ganga to the
earth.
March 9, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
55. GoI to create 75 lakh Self Help Group by 2022
On March 8, 2020, Minister of Rural Development Narendra Singh Tomar announced that
more than 17 lakh Self Help Groups (SHGs) are to be developed by 2022. Currently,
there are more than 60 lakh self help groups in the country mobilizing 6 crore women.
1. Highlights
The Self-Help Groups will be provided funds for their livelihood missions. They will be
linked with banks for easy credit flow. The platforms such as E-Marketplace will also be
linked with the SHGs to provide better prices for their products.
2. Self Help Groups

The concept of Self-Help Groups was introduced in 1992 under the guidelines of RBI and
NABARD. Today, more than 90% of SHGs in the country consist of women.
3. Why SHGs?
The SHGs help to promote Gender Equity, Social Integrity, Financial Inclusion and help
raise voice of marginalized section. It also helps to improve efficiency of Government
Schemes.
56. Parliamentary Panel: More than 40% of schools are without power
and playgrounds
A Parliamentary panel set up on education submitted its report to Rajya Sabha on 2020-
21 demand for grants. The report said that shortfalls in budget funds has led to critical
infrastructure gaps.
1. Key findings of the report

The Panel in its report says that more than 27% cuts have been made in budget
allocations for school education. The report also says that only 56% of schools have
electricity. The lowest rates were found in Manipur and Madhya Pradesh. Also, only 57%
of schools have playgrounds. A boundary wall which is essential for safety of students
and school property was not found in 40% of the schools.
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2. Recommendations
The panel recommended that the Ministry of HRD shall collaborate with Mahatma Gandhi
National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) to make developments. The
scheme shall also be used to provide renewable energy to give access of power to
schools. According to the report, the performance of the schools were better where the
above facilities were implemented.
57. Protected Area Permits stopped in Arunachal to prevent Corona

Virus
With the number of infections raising in India to 34, the Ministry of Home Affairs recently
stopped issuing Protected Area Permits (PAPs) in Arunachal Pradesh.
1. Highlights
The step is being taken as it was learnt that the number of Corona Virus cases are
increasing in India mainly because of persons with travel history. The GoI has also plans
to close India-Myanmar border.
2. Protected Area Permits

The Protected Area Permits in India are in parts of Himachal Pradesh, Ladakh, Sikkim,
Uttarakhand, Rajasthan and Arunachal Pradesh. Currently, only touristic visit is allowed
through Protected Areas limits in India. Even a person from these protected areas who is
married to a non-Indian cannot settle permanently in these areas.
3. Legislation
The Foreign (Protected Areas) Order 1958 has guidelines about using the Protected
areas and issuing Protected Area Permit.
4. Restricted Area Permit

Like Protected Areas there are certain regions called Restricted Areas in the country. The
usage and permits of these areas are provided in the Foreigners (Restricted Areas)
order, 1963. The Restricted Areas in India are in the parts of Sikkim and Andaman and
Nicobar Islands.
58. Facts Box: Fuel Cell Technology for Disaster Management
The scientists of ARCI (Advanced Research for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials)
recently developed PEMFC (Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells). The technology is
to be used to manage Natural Disasters.
1. Highlights
The PEMFC is a system with 10 KW capacity. They have operational advantage to
operate at low-temperature in decentralized systems of power generation. The
technology was developed at Chennai centre of ARCI.
37
2. Significance
The technology is to act as power house to Emergency Operation Centres. The Control
Rooms that respond to disasters are now being altered as Emergency Operation Centres.
Therefore, the technology has come in at the right time.
3. Fuel Cells
The Fuel cell uses chemical energy to generate electricity. It consists of 2 electrodes
called anode and cathode. It also holds an electrolyte that acts as catalyst to speed up
reactions at electrodes. The main advantage of fuel cell is that it creates minimum waste
(pollution).
59. TIFAC under Ministry of Science and Technology launches Vigyan

Jyoti
On March 8, 2020, TIFAC operating under Ministry of Science and Technology launched
Vigyan Jyoti. The scheme was announced to celebrate International Women’s Day.
1. Highlights
The Technology Information Forecasting and Assessment Council (TIFAC) launched
Vigyan Jyoti in order to encourage women to take science as their career. Under the
scheme, selected qualified women from more than 500 women are to be provided
opportunities to attend science camps at NITs, IITS and other leading institutions in the
country.
2. Vigyan Jyoti
The Vigyan Jyoti was launched by the Central Government to promote STEM Education
among girls. STEM is Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics. It was
launched in October 2019. It is essential to bring in such initiatives because according to
ministry of science and technology only 24% of total passed out students are in the field
of STEM and only 22% of the post graduates are women.
3. TIFAC
TIFAC was formed as a registered body in 1988 under DST (Department of Science and
Technology).
60. Oil Prices plunge by 20% as OPEC fails to make a deal
On March 9, 2020, the prices of crude oil plunged by 20% after OPEC to failed to make a
deal in making production cuts.
1. Highlights
The Saudi Arabia and its major allies like Kuwait, Iraq and UAE initiated to make a deal at
the OPEC to reduce production of oil. This was proposed predicting reduction in oil prices
due to spread of Corona Virus in the world. However, Russia the major member of OPEC
refused to make the deal.
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2. Why did Russia refuse?
With US imposing CAATSA (Countering America’s Adversaries Through Sanctions Act),
several countries reduced or even stopped importing oil from Russia. This has now made
Russia the fourth largest International Reserves in the world. Also, Russia is also in the
state that it shall cope with lower prices.
3. Way Forward
The oil prices are expected to plunge further in the future. The Saudi has taken up new
strategy targeting Russia and US shale oil firms. These firms will lose money greatly
when oil prices fall below 50 USD per barrel for more than few months.
61. Australia wins India by 85 runs at Women’s Twenty20 World Cup
On the eve of Women’s Day, the final match of T20 (Twenty 20) was held at Melbourne,
Australia. India lost the T20 world cup to Australia.
1. Twenty20
The T20 was first introduced in 2003 in England. A T20 match is completed in 90
minutes. The break between the innings is 10 minutes. The T20 is conducted by ICC
(International Cricket Council) once in 2 years.
2. ICC
The International Cricket Council is the governing body cricket matches. It was founded
in 1909. The Council organizes events such as ICC T20 world cup, Women’s cricket world
cup, ICC Champions Trophy, Under-19 Cricket World Cup, etc.
3. Ranking System
The ICC also releases international rankings based on T20 matches. In order to qualify
the ranking, a team should have played at least 8 international matches. Till 2018, a
separate ranking system for women’s team was not maintained by ICC. However, in
2018 ICC announced that Women’s team will have a separate ranking system based on
their performances in both ODI And T20.
62. Facts Box: Delimitation Commission set up for Arunachal, Manipur,

Assam, J&K, Manipur
A Delimitation Commission was formed under former Supreme Court judge Ranjana
Prakash Desai.
1. Highlights
The Delimitation for the state of Jammu and Kashmir is to be carried out according to
Jammu and Kashmir reorganization act. The previous delimitation for the state of Jammu
and Kashmir was done in 1995. The state was under President’s rule when the last
delimitation was done.
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2. Legislation
The delimitation commission was formed under Section 3 of Delimitation Act, 2002. So
far, 4 such delimitation commissions have been constituted under the act. They were in
1952, 1963, 1973 and 2002.
3. What is Delimitation?
Delimitation is the process of fixing boundaries of constituency. The Delimitation had
been suspended between 1976 and 2001. This was because GoI was implementing the
policy of family planning in a full-fledged way during this period.
63. Sanitary Napkin Disposal Bags to be made mandatory from 2021
On March 8, 2020, the Union Environment Minister Prakash Javedekar announced that
sanitary napkin disposal bags are to be made mandatory.
1. Highlights
The sanitary napkin manufacturers have to supply a biodegradable bag along with every
napkin from January 2021. There are high possibilities for the “Swachhta Sevaks” or the
women garbage collectors to get infected as they are handling the sanitary napkin
wastes directly from the garbage.
2. Legislation
The soiled diapers, napkins, blood-soaked cotton and condoms from the households are
received by the municipal waste collectors. The Municipal Solid Waste (Management and
Handling) rules, 2000 makes it mandatory to dispose these wastes after segregating
them biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste. However, some napkins contain layer
of plastics and some don’t. Therefore, it is difficult to sort them.
64. HAL to set up logistics bases in Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia and Sri
Lanka
The Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) is to set up logistics bases in Vietnam,

Malaysia, Indonesia and Sri Lanka. This is to entice them towards buying India’s military
helicopters and Light Combat Aircraft Tejas.
1. Highlights
The HAL is working towards increasing defence exports and help India achieve its 5
billion USD defence target. It will also help India achieve its Defence target of Rs 35,000
crores by 2024. Currently India is exporting Defence products of worth Rs 17,000 crores.
2. Role of HAL
HAL has been taking significant roles in boosting Defence Exports. The turn over of the
company was Rs 19,705 crores.
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3. What is Logistics?
Logistics is management of information from one place to another. It involves supplies,
transportation, packaging, warehousing and social security.
65. United Nations Development Programme releases Gender Social

Norms Index
The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) recently released the Gender
Social Norms Index. It measures the social beliefs that obstruct Gender Equality.

The report consists of data collected from more than 75 countries covering 80% of world
population. According to the report, half of the world population believe that men are
better political leaders. It also says that more than 40% of the world population believe
that men have more rights to get a job when jobs are scarce. Today, only 24% of
parliamentary seats are held by women.
2. India
According to UNDP previous reports, Gender Inequality Rank (2018) was 122. As per
2015 UNDP report, the MMR (Maternal Mortality Ratio) was 174 per 1 lakh live births.
3. Beijing Declaration
This year 2020, marks 25th anniversary of Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action. It
was signed in Beijing during the fourth World Conference on Women in 1995. Therefore,
the UNDP is calling the member countries to actively participate in events and take
actions in promoting Gender Equality.
March 10, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
66. Gujarat has highest number of Solar Rooftop Installations
Gujarat has topped solar roof top plants across the country. The state government has
taken up dedicated schemes in order to achieve renewable power goals.
1. Highlights
There are more than 50,915 rooftop solar plants set up in the state today. The state
government has adopted the scheme called “Surya Gujarat” in order increase the use of
solar energy at domestic level. The scheme aimed to cover more than 8 lakh domestic
consumers by 2022. It had also provided 40% subsidy to projects with capacity between
3 KWhr and 10 KWhr.
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2. Significance
It is important for India to reduce its dependence on oil. This shall be achieved by
increasing solar power consumption.
67. Stockholm International Report: India is the second largest importer

of arms
The Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) recently released its report
on “Trends in International arms transfers 2019”. According to the report, India is the
second largest arms importer in the world.

The report says that Russia is the largest supplier to the Indian market between 2015-
19. Russia has remained the top supplier in spite of the fact that Indian Weapons market
for Russia declined from 72% to 56%.
2. India
India has diversified it arms imports in the year 2015-19. The report also said that India
acquired military hardware from other countries. It includes Scanter-6000 radars from
Denmark, ACTAS sonar systems from Germany, Embraer ERJ-145 jets from Brazil, K-9
Thunder artillery guns from South Korea and Super Rapid 76 mm Naval Guns from Italy.
68. Anti-HIV drugs used against COVID-19 for the first time in India
India for the first time used Lopinavir and Ritonavir combination to treat Italian patients
in India infected with COVID-19. The couple were on a tour to India and are currently
being treated in Jaipur
1. ICMR
The Indian Council of Medical Research has been authorized to research on COVID-19
drugs. Also, the council has been approved to use the above HIV drug combination
during public health emergencies.
2. What are First-line and Second-Line Drugs?

The First-line drugs are of minimum dosages and are given to patient during the initial
stages of a treatment. The second line drugs are prescribed when the first line drugs are
not responding. The second line drugs have higher side effects than first-line drugs.
69. Corona Virus hits Diamond Industry of Surat greatly
Workers in Diamond Industry of India, especially in the parts of Surat have been facing
job losses and pay cuts as Corona Virus has hit exports to China. China is the biggest
market of precious stones and since February China is terribly affected with Corona
Virus.
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1. Highlights
There are more than 15,000 big and small firms in the state of Gujarat that supply
processed diamonds to jewelers globally. The industry employs 1.5 million people. The
Gem and Jewelery Export Promotion Council predicts that Indian Gem Industry is to lose
1 billion USD of exports due to Corona Virus.
2. How important is Gem Industry to India?

India is the largest exporter of Gems in the world. The Gems industry plays a vital role in
Indian Economy. The industry contributes 7% of GDP of the country.
70. March 10: CISF Raising Day
Every year, the Central Industrial Security Force Raising Day is celebrated on March 10.
The CISF works under Ministry of Home Affairs. It was set up in 1969 under the CISF act,
1968 passed in Parliament of India.
1. About CISF
Though established in 1969, the CISF was made an armed force in 1983. The sanctioned
strength of the force was raised to 180,000 from 145,000 in 2017.
2. Highlights
On the CISF raising day, the CISF officials celebrate the day with parade. Several service
medals are distributed to meritorious officers. Also, awareness is created among the
citizens to cooperate with the CISF officials on CISF Raising Day.
3. Duties of CISF
The CISF officials guard industrial units and infrastructure projects all over the country. It
provides protection to atomic power plants, major ports, mines, refineries, oil fields,
airports and hydroelectric and thermal power plants. There is a dedicated fire wing of
CISF to help during accidents in industries. They also provide consultancy services to
private firms and other organizations all over the world.
71. UNCTAD: FDI inflows are to drop by 15% due to Corona Virus
The United Nations Conference on Trade, Investment and Development has warned that
the Foreign Direct Investment flows all over the world will reduce by 15% due to Corona
Virus. According to the organization, the outbreak could cost 2 trillion USD to the global
economy.
1. Highlights
The United Nations earlier pointed out that the growth of the global economy will be
slow between 0.5% and 1.5% for the year 2020-21. With the spread of the virus, the
organization has predicted further decline in the economic growth.
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2. FDI in India
India has been easing protocols for foreign companies to invest in the country. The FDI
inflow was over 318 billion USD between 2014 and 2019. In 2018-19, the FDI inflow was
the highest and it stood at 62 billion USD. The FDI is used in India to track the measure
of Make in India. The initiative was launched in 2014 to promote India as an investment
destination and a global manufacturing hub.
March 12, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
72. World Bank and GoI sign Agreement on Climate Resilient Rain-Fed
Agriculture
On March 11, 2020, the World Bank, Government of India and Government of Himachal
Pradesh signed a loan agreement of 80 million USD to increase agricultural productivity
and improve water management practices in Himachal Pradesh.
1. Highlights
The loan is to be used to implement the project in around 428 Gram Panchayats. The
Panchayats are spread over 10 districts in Himachal Pradesh. More than 400,000 small
holder farmers, pastoral communities and women are to be benefitted from the project.
2. Why Himachal Pradesh?

Many of the low lands of Himachal Pradesh are lacking water to agriculture. The rainfall
of the state has been decreasing year by year. The agricultural production in the snow
areas have shifted to higher altitudes to temperature rise in foot hills. This has affected
their iconic apple production greatly.
3. Significance
The loan will help improve pastures, forests and grasslands. It will also make sure that
sufficient water is available for sustainable agriculture in the state.
73. 6th International Day of Yoga led by PM Modi to be held in Leh
The Major national event for the 6th International Day of Yoga is to be held in Leh, the
capital of Ladakh on 21st June, 2020. The event is to be led by PM Modi.
1. Highlights
Since 2015, PM Modi leads a mass demonstration of Yoga every year on the International
Day of Yoga. This year, the Yoga demonstration is to be different as it is being held at
higher altitudes. More than 15,000 to 20,000 people are expected to participate in the
event.
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2. International Day of Yoga (IDY)
The IDY is being celebrated since 2015. The idea was introduced in the United Nations in
2014. Today more than 200 countries observe IDY. It is also called the World Yoga Day.
3. Why June 21?

As June 21 is the longest day in the Northern Hemisphere, this day has been chosen.
This is also when the earth shifts towards Summer Solstice. The event has great
significance in Yogic Science.
74. WHO declares Corona Virus as GLOBAL PANDEMIC
On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared Corona Virus as Global
Pandemic as it is rapidly spreading across the world. Today there are more than 126,369
people infected with COVID-19 virus. The virus has so far killed 4,634 people.
1. What is Pandemic?
The United States Centre for Disease Control and Prevention defines pandemic as
epidemic spread over several countries affecting large number of people. On the other
hand, Epidemic is the sudden increase of number of cases of the disease above what is
normally expected among the population in that area.
2. Pandemic Diseases
Throughout the history of pandemic diseases, Black Death was the deadliest. It killed
more than 75 to 200 million people in the 14th century. The recent pandemics include
2009 Flu pandemic (H1N1) and 1918 Influenza Pandemic (also known as Spanish Flu).
3. Flu Pandemic
The H1N1 Influenza was a new strain of virus that affected 11% to 21% of global
population. It was first identified in the state of Mexico.
75. Corona Virus: Epidemic Disease Act Invoked in India
On March 11, 2020, the Group of Ministers formed by the Union Government to fight
against Covid-19 in India invoked the Epidemic Disease Act, 1897.
1. Highlights
The GoI has invoked Section 2 of the Epidemic Disease Act, 1897. The act has been
invoked as the number of infected persons in the country reached 73. The GoI has also
advised international travel ban. Also, existing visas to India has been suspended till
April 15, 2020. However, representatives from international organizations, diplomats and
other project visits have been exempted.
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2. Key Features of the act
The persons disobeying regulations made under the act are punishable under Section
188 of the Indian Penal Code. The State Government is empowered to make changes to
ordinary laws if there is necessity of insufficiency of the existing laws to deal the
situation. For instance, travel inspection, segregation in hospital, etc. Similar powers are
vested with Central Government as well.
76. Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (amendment) bill passed in the

Parliament
On March 12, 2020, Insolvency and Bankruptcy (Amendment) bill, 2020 has been passed
in the parliament. It was earlier passed by Lok Sabha and is now being passed by Rajya
Sabha.
1. Highlights
The amendments were earlier introduced as ordinances. Now after the Parliament
session begun the ordinance was introduced as bill. And the bill has now been passed as
an act in the parliament.
2. Ordinance
The Ordinances are laws promulgated the President of India. The President issues
ordinance on recommendation of Council of Ministers. An ordinance shall be issued only
when the Parliament is not in session.
3. Ordinance in Constitution
Article 123 gives powers to the President of India to promulgate ordinance in India. An
ordinance should be approved by the Parliament within 6 weeks of its reassemble. If not,
the ordinance ceases to operate.
77. Committee formed for the implementation of Kisan Rail Scheme
The Government of India recently formed a committee in order to make suggestions on

Kisan Rail Scheme. The scheme was introduced by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitaraman
in the Union Budget 2020-21.
1. Highlights
The Committee has been formed with representatives from Ministry of Agriculture and
Ministry of Railways. The Committee will explore into the options of creating cold supply
chain for perishable goods. The perishable goods under the scheme are to be
transported through freight trains with refrigerated coaches.
2. Kisan Rail
The Kisan Rail is being launched by the GoI to set up national cold supply chain in the
country. The Centre is planning to transport fish, milk and meat under the scheme. The
scheme is to be implemented under Public-Private Partnership.
46
3. Significance
Today there are only 9 refrigerated vans carrying 17 tonnes. Though Kisan Vision Project
has been implemented, there are no sufficient infrastructure and provisions to make it a
success. So far under Kisan Vision Project, cargo centres have been set up in Delhi and
Uttar Pradesh.
78. CSIR develops Bi-Luminescent Security ink to Curb Fake Currency

Notes
The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research along with National Physical Laboratory
recently discovered a bi-luminescent security ink. The ink shall be used to counterfeit
currency notes. Also, it shows two colours when exposed to light.
1. About the Ink

The ink is white in colour when placed under normal white light. When placed under
Ultraviolet light, it turns red. Later it turns Green when the UV light is turned OFF.
2. How is the ink made?

The ink produced by mixing two different colours namely green and red in the ratio 3:1.
This mixture was hated to 400-degree Celsius. The high temperature turns the mixture
into fine white powder.
March 13, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
79. New Name for Mumbai Central Station: Nana Shankarseth
On March 12, 2020, the Maharashtra Cabinet approved the proposal to rename Mumbai
Central Station to Nana Shankarseth. The approved proposal is to be sent to Ministry of
Railways. It is the Central Railways operating under Ministry of Railways that has the
final say in the name change.
1. Procedure and Authority of name change

It is the state Government that usually initiates the process of name change of Railway
Station. This is usually done to change the British name of the station to the local
pronunciations. It is also done to honour a local leader. There are no rules or procedure
by law or in constitution for the name change of the station.
2. Jagannath Shankarseth
He was a philanthropist and educationalist who lived between 1803 and 1865. He had
high credit among Afghans and Arabs that they chose to place their treasure with him
rather than the banks. He acquired great fortune from them and donated all to the
public.
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80. Animal Protection Index: India ranks second
On March 12, 2020, Global Animal Protection Index 2020 was released by World Animal
Protection, an international animal welfare charity. India was ranked second in the index.
1. Highlights
The Animal Protection Index ranks countries from A to G. India was ranked along with
Spain, Mexico, France and New Zealand. In other words, these countries were ranked
equally to India. According to the index, they were best performing countries. There are
strong laws to protect animals in these countries. However, the laws are not as strict to
protect dairy animals.
2. India
The index highlighted the works that are required to be done in India to include dairy
animals under protection. Also, the index suggested to improve cruelty considerations in
the Prevention of Animal Cruelty Act, 1960. Under the act, animals used in scientific
research are exempted. Rather Government shall issue guidelines on usage of animals
for scientific research.
3. About the Index

The Index assessed the legislation of 50 countries. It highlighted lack of adequacy in the
animal welfare laws globally. The main aim of the index was to help countries to put
animal welfare practices of keeping them clean and accommodate sufficient space for
them to exhibit their natural behaviours.
4. Global Ranking
According to the index, the countries that performed weakly included Iran, Morocco,
Algeria and Belarus. These countries are missing the basic legal framework.
81. What is Sir Creek Issue between India and Pakistan?
Recently at the WION’s Global Summit held in Dubal, the Pakistan representative,
Minister Kasturi recalled Sir Creeek Pact. The summit was organized under the theme
1. What is Sir Creek issue?

The issue between India and Pakistan over Sir Creek is the interpretation of boundary
between Sindh and Kutch. The region was under the jurisdiction of Bombay Presidency
during British rule. After independence, Kutch came under India and Sindh under
Pakistan. But Pakistan claims entire creek as per the agreement signed between Rao
Maharaj of Kutch and Government of Sindh in 1914.
2. India’s claims
India does not agree to the claims of Pakistan as when the issue arose, in 1908, the
entire region of the Creek was under Bombay Presidency. India also cited an
International Maritime Law, the Thalweg Doctrine to prove its point
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3. Thalweg Doctrine
The Doctrine states that river boundaries between two states or countries shall be
divided in the middle of the water body, if the body is navigable through out the year.
4. What is Sir Creek?

Sir Creek is a 96-km long water strip in the marshlands of Rann of Kutch. It was earlier
called Ban Ganga. Later it was named after Sir Creek, a British representative to India.
The Creek opens into Arabian Sea.
82. Spanish Flu: Predecessor Pandemic to Corona Virus
In 1918, the Spanish Flu caused global pandemic. It spread indiscriminately killing more
than 50 million people. 10% of the patients infected with the virus died. It is considered
as the deadliest pandemic in the world history.
1. Highlights
Though the disease was named Spanish Flu, it did not originate in Spain. It was Spain
who actually discovered that the epidemic is because of a new strain of virus. And
therefore, it was called Spanish Flu. Spanish Flu is said to have been originated from
Northern China. The outbreak of Spanish Flu began during World War I. The virus
affected the soldiers greatly.
2. What are the Phases of Pandemics?

The WHO (World Health Organization) has provided alert system for pandemics. There
are 6 phases as provided by the organization. At the first phase, the virus affects
animals in larger scale and does not affect humans. In second phase the animal flu virus
begins its infections in humans. At the next phase the infections begin to occur in
clusters. This is when mass gatherings are avoided, schools are shut down, etc. In stage
4, pandemic increases but its increase cannot be confirmed. It then begins to occur in
more than one country. In the last stage, community level outbreaks begin.
83. Iran seeks Financial Help from IMF first time since 1962 to fight
against Corona Virus
For the first time since 1962, Iran is seeking the help of International Monetary Fund.
Since Islamic Revolution Iran stopped getting help from IMF.
1. IMF and Corona Virus

Earlier, this month, IMF allocated emergency funds to middle income countries. The
international banking institution, allocated 50 billion USD to fund middle-income and
poor countries. Also, it allocated 10 billion USD to low income countries.
2. Iran
Iran has been facing economic challenges due to US sanctions. After US had withdrawn
from JCPOA (Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action), it had imposed sanctions on Iran.
49
3. Iran-US relations
The countries had cordial relations till World War II. However, as the arms race began
between US and USSR, US began sensing USSR’s backing towards Iran. In 1953, US and
British forces ousted democratically elected Iranian PM Mohammad Mossadeq. In 1979,
during the Iranian Revolution, the US backed Mohammed Reza Pahlevi was forced to
leave the country.
84. GoI develops cost effective Solar Receiver Tube Technology
Scientists from ARCI-International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and
New Materials operating under DST (Department of Science and Technology), Ministry of
Science & Technology have developed cost effective solar receiver tube technology.
1. About the Technology

The tubes developed absorbs solar energy and converts the heat to required application.
They provide high resistance to corrosion especially to Indian weather conditions.
2. Significance
The invention of the technology is highly important as the Indian Industries are currently
importing high end Concentrating Solar Panel receivers for CST (concentrating solar
Technologies).
March 14, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
85. MEIS scheme to be replaced with RoDTEP Scheme
On March 13, 2020, the Union Cabinet approved to withdraw the MEIS (Merchandise
Export from India) Scheme in phases. It is later to be replaced with RoDTEP (Remission
of Duties or Taxes on Export Product) scheme.
1. Highlights
The MEIS is being replaced as the exports are to fall further due to Corona Virus
outbreak. The exports of India have already fallen by 2% for the year April-January 2019-
20. The RoDTEP is compliant with WTO (World Trade Organization) norms.
2. RoDTEP
The RoDTEP is a scheme for exporters to reimburse their taxes and duties. The scheme
was announced by the Finance Minister to incentivize exporters at a cost of Rs 50,000
crores.
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3. MEIS Scheme
The MEIS scheme offers export incentives between 2% and 5%. It was introduced under
the Foreign Trade Policy of India (FTP 2015-20). Two schemes were launched under the
policy namely MEIS and SEIS. The aim of MEIS scheme is to make Indian products
competitive at the Global market.
86. “BHOOMI RASHI PORTAL” provides transparent and error free Land
Acquisition
On March 13, 2020, the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways claimed that “Bhoomi
Rashi Portal” provides transparent and error free land acquisition.
1. What is Bhoomi Rashi Portal?

In 2018, the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways had designed a single point
platform for land acquisition to accelerate infrastructure development projects. There
are several authorities like National Highway Authority of India (NHAI), State PWDs and
NHIDCL (National Highway and Infrastructure Development Company Limited). The
portal aims to provide linkages between the above implementing authorities.
2. Significance
The portal improves efficiency of land acquisition processes. It provides quicker process
completion. It also helps to open new opportunities in land acquisition processes. After
launching the portal, the processing time of land acquisition that was weeks to months
together has been reduced to 2 weeks.
87. Exposure Limits for Urban Cooperative Banks revised by RBI
On March 13, 2020, the Reserve Bank of India revised exposure limits of Urban
Cooperative Banks. Earlier the RBI permitted 15% of its capital funds to single borrowers
and 40% of its funds to group of borrowers. It has now revised the group of borrower
fund limit to 25% of its funds.
1. Highlights
Apart from Exposure limit, the central bank also increased the Priority Sector lending to
75%. These changes were introduced by the Reserve Bank of India through a
notification.
2. Exposure Limit
The Exposure Limit is the maximum credit a bank avails to its borrower. In simple terms,
higher the exposure limit, higher are the loans available to its customers.
3. Priority Sector Lending

It is an important role provided by the RBI to banks. The priority sectors include
agriculture, micro and small enterprises, low income groups, poor people for housing,
education loans, loans for weaker sections.
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88. Parliament passed Direct Tax Vivad Se Viswas Bill, 2020
On March 14, 2020, Parliament passed the Direct Tax Vivad Se Viswas Bill, 2020. The bill
aims to reduce the number of litigation that are associated with direct tax payments.
The Direct Tax Vivad Se Viswas concept was introduced by the Finance Minister Nirmala
Sitaraman during the Union Budget 2020-21.

Though the bill deals with tax payments, it is in no way connected with the Income-Tax
Act, 1961. However, it aims to bring the appeals filed by the Income Tax Department
under the act. And for the taxpayers, the bill says that if the tax payment is made after
March 31, 2020, the tax payer has to pay 110% of the disputed tax. And if the tax is paid
before the date, the tax payer has to pay full amount of the disputed tax and there will
be no penalty applied.
2. Concerns
The bill raised concerns that it treats honest and dishonest people in equal way. Also, it
attracted comments for its hindi name in a country which is diversified culturally to great
extent. However, the English version of the bill is “No Dispute, But Only Trust”
89. GST Council Meet: GST of Mobile Phones increased from 12% to 18%
On March 14, 2020, the GST Council met for the 39th time in New Delhi. The Council was
headed by the Finance Minister Nirmala Sitaraman.
1. Highlights
The Council has increased the GST of mobile phones from 12% to 18%. It reduced the
tax on handmade and machine made match sticks to 12%. Also, the GST on
maintenance repair overhaul services of aircraft was reduced from 18% to 5%.
2. Role of private Sector

The Finance Minister announced that the private sector MNC Infosys is to ensure a better
GSTN system by July 2020. Also, the Infosys chairman Nandan Nilekani is to attend
consecutive three meetings of the council to update the implementations of the council.
90. Corona Virus: GoI brings hand sanitizers and masks under Essential
Commodities Act
The Government of India recently brought hand sanitizers and masks under Essential
Commodities Act. Till 30th June, 2020, these products are to remain under Essential
Commodities Act. The GoI has brought these commodities under the act by amending
Schedule of Essential Commodities Act, 1955.
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1. Essential Commodities Act
According to the act, an essential commodity is a commodity that is specified under the
Schedule of the act. The act empowers GoI to add or remove new commodities as when
needed. So far items such as pulses, cereals, drugs, fertilizers, petroleum, edible oil,
certain crops and petroleum products were included under essential commodities
schedule. The act also prevents stocking of essential commodities. The State
Governments have no rights add commodities to the list. However, they are empowered
to conduct raids.
2. Significance
When the products are listed as essential products, their prices and supply shall be
intervened by the government. By doing so, profiteering of the products during their
high demand is prevented.
March 15, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
91. “Ganga Amantran Abhiyan” organized by National Mission for Clean

Ganga
On March 14, 2020, the National Mission for Clean Ganga organized “Ganga Amantran
Abhiyan” (GAA). The GAA is an open-water rafting and kayaking expedition in Ganga
river.
1. Highlights
The expedition is conducted between Devprayag and Ganga Sagar. Devprayag is the
place where two rivers Alakananda and Bhagirathi meet to form the mighty Ganges.
Ganga Sagar is a part of Sunderbans.
2. Significance
The NMCG has been organizing several environmental, economic and cultural values in
India. This is being done to increase public participation in the mission. The GAA is a
major part of these programmes.
3. National Mission for Clean Ganga

The National Mission for Clean Ganga was launched in 2011. It was initially operating
inder the National Ganga River Basin Authority that was dissolved in 2016. The authority
was replaced with National Ganga Council.
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92. Corona Virus: ICMR develops testing strategy; WHO shifts epicenter
from China to Europe
On March 15, 2020, the Indian Council of Medical Research developed COVID-19 testing
strategy for people infected with the virus. The Council has given a detailed explanation
about the methodology to test the people.
1. Centres of Testing
The three main testing centres of Corona Virus are AIIMS, National Institute of Virology
and National Centre for Disease control. Apart from these major centres, GoI has also
built 50 new exclusive centres that are to test for the virus.
2. Epicenter shifted to Europe

The World Health Organization recently shifted the epicenter of Corona Virus from China
to Europe. This is mainly because while rate of infections are being controlled in China, it
is increasing exponentially in European Nations. Also, the number of deaths due to the
virus in Europe is more than any other part of the world.
3. Update on the Virus

So far, more than 150,000 people have been infected with the virus. In India, the count
has increased to 97.
93. Corona Virus: National Emergency in the USA
The President of United States of America Donald Trump has declared national
emergency over the spread of corona virus. Also, the government has allocated 50
billion USD to fight against the disease.
1. History
This kind of emergency in the country is rare. Earlier, the same kind of emergency was
declared by President Bill Clinton over widespread of West Nile Virus.
2. National Emergencies Act

The Emergencies in the US are declared under National Emergencies Act. So far, 61
national emergencies have been declared in the country. There are 136 statutory
situations under which emergencies shall be declared in the US sub-continent.
3. Emergency in India
In India Emergency shall be proclaimed under Article 352. Also, it shall be proclaimed
only when the president is satisfied. The article allows emergency only when there is
security threat to the country or to a region.
94. Poultry Culling ordered by Kerala Government to control Bird Flu
On March 14, 2020, the Kerala Government ordered poultry culling. Parappanagadi has
been identified as the Epicenter of bird flu. The Government of Kerala is to cull poultry
within one-kilometer radius.
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1. What is poultry culling?
Poultry Culling is the process by which unwanted chicks or male embryo are disposed.
This is done in industrial egg production. Culling do not involve anaesthetics. Culling is
done using carbon dioxide, cervical dislocation and maceration.
2. Poultry in India
India exports 4,49,527 metric tonnes of poultry products. The major export destination
of Indian Poultry are Russia, Maldives, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia and Oman. According to
APEDA (Agricultural and Processed Food Product Export Development Authority), eggs
and broilers are increasing at the rate of 8% to 10%.
95. Corona Virus: India closes 18 of 37 international borders
On March 14, 2020, Government of India ordered to suspend 18 of the 37 international

borders from March 15, 2020. It includes borders across Nepal, Myanmar, Bhutan and
Bangladesh.
1. Highlights
As Corona Virus outbreak has reached 93 in numbers, Government of India has ordered
to close international borders in the country.
2. India-Pakistan
There are only two land crossing borders between India and Pakistan. One is the Attari-
Wagah border and the other is the Kartarpur pilgrimage border. Though different
deadlines were given to other borders, these two borders across Pakistan were closed
indefinitely.
3. Border Control
The international borders across countries Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan are controlled by
State Governments and Bureau of Immigration
4. Border Security Force

The Border Security Forces guard the borders during peace time. They are armed forces
that were established in 1965 after the 1965 war. They are termed as the first line of
Defence in the military system.
96. Corona Virus: India declares COVID-19 as “notified Disaster”
With more than 80 confirmed COVID-19 cases, India has declared “notified Disaster”.
With this, the SDRF funds are to be temporarily used for supply of food, medical care and
water for patients in quarantine camps.
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1. Why the Notification?
Under Disaster Management Act, 2005, the SDRF funds shall be used only for cyclone,
earthquake, drought, landslide, hailstorm, cloudburst, avalanche, frost, pest attack and
cold waves. Critical Medical conditions or pandemic situations were not under the
notified disaster lists. Therefore, the Central Government has included COVID-19
outbreak under notified Disaster. This will now enable the state government to utilize the
funds for treating Corona Virus.
2. SDRF Funds
SDRF funds are State Disaster Response Funds. The SDRF funds were constituted by
Disaster Management Act, 2005. It was recommended by 13th Finance Commission.
3. Key Features of SDRF Funds

The CAG (Comptroller and Auditor General) of India audits the funds every year. The
Ministry of Home Affairs is the nodal agency that oversees the utilization of the funds.
The aggregate size of SDRF for each state is recommended by Finance Commission.
97. Corona Virus: SAARC Video Conference; India proposes COVID-19

Emergency Funds
On March 15, 2020, SAARC leaders participated in a video conference to frame a

strategy in order to fight Corona Virus. PM Modi attended the video conference on behalf
on India.
1. Proposals of the members

India proposed creation of Covid-19 Emergency Fund. Also, India is to set up disease
surveillance portal in order to trace the virus carriers in better way.
2. India’s measures
India is fighting Corona Virus with the strategy, “Prepare, don’t panic”. India had started
screening people entering India in mid-January. Gradually India imposed travel
restrictions and then travel ban. This has helped India to contain the disease spread and
keep the numbers lowest to around 100.
98. Jammu Kashmir Statehood to be restored soon
On March 15, 2020, at a political delegation Home Minister Amit Shah announced that
statehood of Jammu and Kashmir is to be restored.
1. Highlights
While resuming statehood of the state, the GoI is to release people from detention, relax
curfew and restore internet. Also, an industrial policy is to be created soon for rapid
industrial development of the territory. This is the first political delegation that is being
held after the Abrogation of Article 370.
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2. How is a Union Territory different from state?
The concept of Union Territory was not under the original version of the Constitution. It
was added under the 7th amendment of the Constitution. Unlike states that have their
own governments, Union Territories are governed directly by the Central Government.
March 16, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
99. Facts Box: Methanotrophic Bacteria Culture first time in India
The Agharkar Research Institute of Pune has isolated 45 strains of methanotrophic

bacteria. These bacteria are capable of reducing methane emissions in rice plants.
1. Highlights
Apart from isolating the strains, the scientists have also created methanotrophic culture.
The isolated bacteria were from southern and western India.
2. What are Methanotrophs?

Methanotrophs are environmental organisms that have a major role in cycling of
methane. They oxidize methane in the environment. The methanotrophic bacteria
oxidize methane through anaerobic metabolism. The methanotrophs are used as bio-
inoculants.
3. What are Bio-Inoculants?

Bio-Inoculant are strains of bacteria, algae or fungi. They take in nitrogen from
atmosphere and prepare nitrates required for plants. By this, use of fertilizers are
reduced. They also increase zinc and phosphorous availability for plants.
4. Benefits
After carbon-dioxide, methane is the second largest green house gas contributor. With
the use of methanotrophic bacteria in agriculture, emission of methane shall be greatly
reduced. Methane traps 84 times of heat trapped by carbon-dioxide.
100. Corona Virus: US Federal Reserve reduces interest rate to 0%
On February 16, 2020, the United States Reserve Bank announced that the key interest
rates are to be slashed to 0% to 0.25%. This is being done in response to growing impact
of Corona Virus.
1. Highlights
This is the second emergency cut by the reserve bank in less than two weeks. Similar
rate cuts were made by the bank earlier only during 2008 global financial crisis.
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2. Global Impacts of Corona Virus
The Global Economy has been badly hi due to Corona Virus. With countries imposing
travel ban and business meets and industrial summits being postponed, the global
market is hit badly. After China, Spain has shut down its communication with the
external world.
2.1. Global Economic Slow Down

The Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development downgraded world GDP
growth. Earlier its was predicted that GDP growth for the year 2020 will be 3%. Now it
has been reduced to 2.5%
2.2. Manufacturing Sector

The Purchasers Managers Index that was between 45 and 55 for the global powers has
reduced to 40 and 50. Of all the China’s manufacturing powers were hit hard. This has
affected Vietnam, South Korea and Singapore.
2.3. Oil Prices

With OPEC’s unable to succeed its deal in cutting oil production, the oil prices have
lowered. This has hit oil industries greatly.
101. Supreme Court CJI rules out limited shut down of the court
On February 15, 2020, the Chief Justice of India Bobde announced that total shutdown of
Supreme Court and other courts are not possible. The SC on the other hand is to launch
virtual courts. The SC Court commences on March 16, 2020 after Holi holidays
1. Legislation
Article 145 of the Constitution empowers Supreme Court to make its own rules in order
to regulate procedure and practices of the court. The holidays, leaves and commencing
of the Supreme Court are fixed by the court itself under the article.
2. Rooster System
Under the Rooster system, the CJI is the person eligible to hear leave petitions, matters
related to social justice, public interest, elections, criminal matters. He has powers to
allocate cases to other justices as well. He also empowered to announce holidays for the
court.
102. UNCTAD: India among 15 countries economically affected due to

Corona Virus
The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development recently released a report on
the effect of COVID-19 on global economy. According to the report, India was ranked
10th.
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1. World: Key Findings of the Report
The report says that the slow down in manufacturing sector of China due to the virus,
will affect 50 billion USD trade all over the world hitting global value chains greatly.
2. India: Key Findings of the Report

Though India will receive 10th largest economic blow in the world due to the virus, its
economic slow-down will be low as compared to the other economies. In India, the
chemical sector is to receive heavy blow followed by textiles, automotive sector,
electrical machinery, leather products and metal products
103. Ordinance passed by the Uttar Pradesh Government to recover

damages of protests
On March 16, 2020, the Uttar Pradesh Government passed ordinance, “Recovery of
Damages to public and private property ordinance, 2020”. The ordinance aims to deal
with violent acts and control its persistence. It will also provide recovery of public and
private property damages.
1. UP Protests
In December 2019, the Government of India passed the Citizenship Amendment Act. The
act provides citizenship only to non-Muslim refugees. The protestors are of the opinion
that the act is discriminating against Muslims in the country.
2. Article 213
The Governor of a state has powers to pass ordinance under Article 213. The Governor
under the article has powers to promulgate an ordinance without permission of the
President. The ordinance shall be promulgated only when both legislative assembly and
legislative council are not in session.
104. Gold Imports of 2019-20 dip by 8.86% narrowing Current Account

Deficit to 143 billion USD
On March 16, 2020, the Commerce Ministry reported that the gold imports for the period
April to February (2019-20) has reduced by 8.86% as compared to the previous year.
1. Highlights
India is the largest importer of gold in the world. As the gold imports of the country have
been reduced, the trade deficit has reduced to 143.12 billion USD. It was around 173
billion USD a year ago.

Indian economy has been facing increased current account deficit due to import of gold
and fuel.
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105. DefExpo-2020 Outcomes reported at the Parliament
On March 16, 2020, the Raksha Rajya Mantri Shri Shripad Naik submitted the outcomes
of DefExpo-2020 at Rajya Sabha as a written reply. This year DefExpo-2020 was
organized in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh under the theme
1. Outcomes
This year more than 856 domestic defence companies and 172 foreign companies
participated at the DefExpo-2020. More than 200 partnerships and MoUs were signed at
the exhibition. This includes 14 MoUs that were signed at the 5th India-Russia Defence
Conference. The Uttar Pradesh Government alone signed 23 MoUS with an investment of
Rs 50,000 crores. The investments are to be made in the UP Defence Corridor.
2. Benefits of the Event

The DefExpo-2020 is aligned with Make in India scheme. Therefore, 292 Indian MSMEs
participated at subsidized rates. The event acted as a platform for the Defence start ups
to show case their innovations.
3. Measures of GoI
The Government of India has taken several measures to increase Defence Exports and
also improve growth of Defence industry. Two Defence Industrial Corridors were
established one in Uttar Pradesh and other in Tamil Nadu.
106. Banana Exports hit due to Corona Virus
The major banana growing regions of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana were severely hit.
This was mainly because the importing countries have gone for lockdown, especially
Iran.
1. Highlights
The price of a tonne of banana that used to be between Rs 13,000 and Rs 14,500 has
come down to Rs 8,000. With the exports being stopped, the local markets are flooded
with bananas. This has reduced the prices of the fruits greatly.
2. About Banana Cultivation in India

India is the largest producer of Banana in the world. Maharashtra ranks first in banana
production in India producing 60 tonnes per hectare. Banana contributes to 37% of total
fruit production in India. Banana Cultivation accounts to 13% of total area of production
of fruits in the country.
107. WHO: Ground Water contaminated with Uranium in India above 30

micro-gram per litre
On March 16, 2020, the Minister of State for Jal Shakti Shri Rattan Lal Kataria announced
in the parliament that ground water is contaminated with Uranium at 30 micro-grams
per litre in the country.
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1. Highlights
According to the ministry, the World Health Organization has quoted that the ground
water in localized areas of certain states and union territories have been contaminated
with Uranium. The prevalence of Uranium is above 30 micro-grams per litre.
2. Permissible limits
The Bureau of Indian Standards has set the maximum permissible limit of Uranium in
drinking water as 0.03 mg per litre.
3. Uranium ill effects

Intake of large amount of Uranium causes kidney problems.
4. Uranium in Environment
Uranium is rare. It is naturally spread in the Indian environment. It derives from soil,
rocks and gets dissolved in water.
108. Chaitra Jatra Festival cancelled in Odisha due to Corona Virus
On March 16, 2020, the Odisha Government cancelled the famous Chaitra Jatra festival
due to the threat of Corona Virus.
1. About Chaitra Jatra Festival

The Chaitra Jatra festival is celebrated in the month of Chaitra during Tuesdays. The
second and third Tuesdays are more crowded. March 17 being second Tuesday, the
festival has been cancelled. The festival is celebrated at Tara Tarini hill shrine.
2. Tara Tarini hill

The shrine is located in the Tara Tarini hill on the banks of Rushikulya river. The
Rushikulya river is one of the major rivers of the Odisha state. The river originated from
Daringabadi hills that is located in Eastern Ghats.
3. Indian Navy and Tara Taini hill Shrine

The first all-women Indian Navy crew that circumnavigated the globe sailed on sailboat
Tarini. The boat was named after the shrine as it is one of the Shakti Peethas in India.
There are 51 Shakti Peethas in India.
109. What is “Herd Immunity” Strategy adopted by the UK Government

to contain Corona Virus?
The United Kingdom Government under the PM Boris Johnson has adopted “Herd
Immunity” strategy to contain Corona Virus. With India declaring COVID-19 as “notified
disaster”, Italy, Spain and France locking down completely, UK is adopting herd
immunity strategy. The United Kingdom recently gained wide criticism for adopting the
strategy.
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1. Highlights
UK has adopted the strategy hoping that 60% of its population will develop immunity
against it. The country has neither cancelled mass gatherings nor locking down public
places to contain the virus. Rather, it is focusing on building immunity against the
disease. In simple worlds, UK is trying to run a normal routine while fighting the disease.
2. What is Herd Immunity?

Herd immunity is achieved through vaccinations and also gaining immunity. When a
considerably bigger population is vaccinated, those that are not vaccinated also gain
immunity. Even in epidemics, over the period of time, when the majority of population
gain immunity against the disease, the level of its transmitting reduces. This is the
strategy being adopted as “Herd Immunity” in United Kingdom.
110. Corona Virus: NMDC reduced iron ore prices by 1.5%
On March 16, 2020, the National Mineral Development Corporation announced that the
prices of iron ore is to be reduced by 1.5%. The Corporation is taking such measures
predicting decline in iron ore demands due to the threats of Corona virus.
1. Highlights
The steel prices in India reduced in 2019 due to economic slowdown. The demand of
steel in the country reduced greatly and affected the supply chain greatly. The prices of
iron ore was the lowest in 2019.
2. National Mineral Development Corporation

The National Mineral Development Corporation was founded in 1958. The Corporation
operates under Ministry of Steel. It is involved in theexploration of graphite, irone ore,
rock phosphate, gypsum, limestone, tungsten, bentonite, dolomite, etc.
3. Iron Ore in India

India is the largest producer of iron ore in the world. Today, India exports more than 35
million tonnes of iron ore.
111. Motor Vehicles Act: 10% reduction of road accidents in 5 months
On March 16, 2020, the Minister of Transport Nithin Gadkari informed Rajya Sabha that
there has been 10% decrease in road accidents since the passage of Motors Vehicles
Act.
1. Highlights
During the Question Hour, the minister replied that India has pledged to reduce 50% of
accidents in 5 years. Also, India signed the World Safety Conference held in Sweden
recently.
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2. Status of accidents in India
In India, more than 5 lakh accidents occur annually and more than 1.5 lakh people lose
their lives.
3. Effects of the law

After the Motor Vehicles (Amendment) act, 2019 was passed in July 2019, accidents
have reduced by 10% in the country. This has saved 10,000 lives. Out of all the states,
Tamil Nadu has made significant progress in reducing road accidents. The state alone
has helped reduce 24% of accidents in the last 5 months. Gujarat helped reduce 14%,
Andhra Pradesh has reduced accidents by 7% and Uttar Pradesh has helped to reduce
13% of accidents in the country.
4. Motor Vehicles Act

The Motor Vehicles act is currently under concurrent list. This means that both the
centre and the states are empowered to implement the requirements of the act.
5. Measures of GoI
The World Bank has provided Rs 14,000 crores and Asian Development Bank has
provided grant of Rs 7,000 crores to improve road infrastructure of India. The funds are
to be used to improve road engineering and also to providing training in driving.
March 17, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
112. Corona Virus: India bans entry of people from UK, EU; WHO’s
Blanket Ban comment on India
On March 16, 2020, India has announced that it is to stop entry of people from European
Union and United Kingdom till the end of March 2020. This is being done with the
increasing threats of Corona Virus.
1. Highlights
The entry ban includes all the 27 members of European Union and also the members of
European Free Trade Association. India will also ban passengers from Oman, UAE, Qatar
and Kuwait. Because of travel ban, the tourism industries in the country is greatly
affected.
2. World Health Organization

The WHO has criticized India that the country is implementing a “blanket ban”. By the
term, the organization means that India is restricting foreign nationals and also has
suspended visas of foreign nationals.
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3. Tourism
In the last 2 weeks more than 200,000 international and domestic and international
tourists cancelled their trips to Taj Mahal. The holiday seasons in the country is between
April and July during which Indians travel inside and outside the country a lot. It is
expected that this holiday season is to take a hit by more than 80% according to
Confederation of Indian Industries (CII). This will be the biggest hit in the history of
tourism industry.
113. Ranjan Gogoi, the former Chief Justice of India nominated to Rajya
Sabha by the President
On March 16, 2020, the President of India Ramnath Kovind nominated the former Chief
Justice of India Ranjan Gogoi to Rajya Sabha. The former chief justice retired in
November, 2019.
1. Article 80-Clause (3)

Under Clause (3) of article 80, the President has powers to nominate persons with
special knowledge to the council of states. Such person shall have special knowledge in
science, art, literature and social service.
2. What is council of states?

Rajya Sabha is called the council of states. The Council of states of defined by Article 80
of the constitution. The council of states consists of 12 members that are nominated by
the President of India.
3. Other Clauses of Article 80

Apart from 12 members nominated by the president, the council of states also consists
of representative from the states. These representatives should not exceed more than
280 in numbers from the states and union territories.
4. History
During British rule, the Council of State was the upper house of the legislature of British
India. It was created under Government of India Act, 1919. The Viceroy or Governor
General was the ex officio President of the council.
5. Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms
The reforms formed two houses namely Central legislative assembly and council of
states. Also, the reforms introduced dual government system or dyarchy. The number of
Indians in the Executive Council of Viceroy was increased from 3 to 8. A council of
princes were set up. The Governor General was given powers to prorogue, summon and
dissolve chambers and promulgate ordinances.
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114. First COVID-19 vaccine trial begins in the United States
On March 16, 2020, the United States of America began the first human trial evaluating
COVID-19 vaccine. The US National Institute of Health will enroll 45 healthy adult
volunteers between age 18 and 55 for a period of 6 weeks in order to test the vaccine.
1. Highlights
A healthy volunteer from Seattle, Kaiser Permante of Washington was injected with the
vaccine. The vaccine was developed by a private firm called Moderna.
2. Clinical Trials in India

Recently, the Indian Council of Medical Research announced that, it will take minimum of
two years for India to develop a vaccine against Corona Virus. While India was able to
isolate the virus strains, it is challenging for the country to develop a vaccine against the
disease.
3. ICTRP of WHO
The International Clinical Trials Registry Platform of WHO is a mission aimed to make
sure a complete view of research is accessible to those who are involved in health care
trials.
115. Supreme Court rejects Curative Petitions filed over Nirbhaya Case:
What are Curative Petitions?
On March 16, 2020, the Supreme Court of India rejected the curative petitions filed over
Nirbhaya case.
1. A Brief outlook
In September 2013, a fast track court of Delhi found the defendants guilty and
pronounced death penalty to those accused of rape and murder of a 23-year old female.
Since then the accused were appealing to high court of Delhi and Supreme Court of
India. Recently, the accused had filed a curative petition seeking to put his execution on
hold. However, the Supreme Court has rejected their pleas and the accused are to be
hanged on 20th March, 2020.
2. What is Curative Petition?

A curative petition is filed after the plea conviction against final conviction is dismissed.
The Curative petitions are filed under Article 142 of the constitution. It shall be filed after
the review petition is dismissed by the apex court.
3. Article 145
The article empowers the Supreme Court to make rules for regulating practices and
procedures of the Court. The rules include proceedings in the court, to stay proceedings,
grant bail, etc. the minimum number of judges to sit for the purpose of interpretation of
the constitution is 5 according to the article.
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4. Review Petition
The Review petitions are filed under Article 137 of the Constitution that enables
Supreme Court to review its own judgement. Under Supreme Court rules, 1966, these
petitions should be filed within 30 days of judgement.
116. India to provide 107.01 million Nepali rupees for construction of

schools in Nepal
On March 16, 2020, India signed Memorandum of Understanding with Nepal for
construction of new schools in the country. Under the MoU, India is to provide 107.01
million Nepali rupees.
1. Highlights
India as an initial step of the agreement handed over a cheque of 8 lakh rupees (INR).
The India-Nepal Development Partnership Programme is to construct the schools. The
Kapilavastu District Coordination Committee will also help in the construction.
2. District Coordination Committee

The DCC is a district-level authority found in Nepal. The committee acts as a link
between provincial assembly and rural municipalities. The committee members are
elected by the district assembly for a term of five years. Every district committee has 9
members.
3. India-Nepal
India and Nepal have century old relationship that connects them culturally,
economically, socially and religiously. The India-Nepal relations began in 1950 with a
Treaty of Friendship and peace signed between the countries.
4. Recent irritants between India and Nepal

Both Nepal and India claim a region called “Kalapani” as part of their country. In
November 2019, India’s new political map including Kalapani created controversies. The
Ministry of Home Affairs published the new map after dissolving special status of
Kashmir and splitting Himalayan region into two union territories.
4.1. Kalapani
Kalapani is in the state of Uttarakhand. The state shares 80 km of porous border with
Nepal.
117. Former Rajya Sabha member and veteran journalist Patil Puttappa
passes away
On March 17, 2020, the veteran journalist and Rajya Sabha member Patil Puttappa
passed away at the Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS). He died due to age
related ailments.
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1. About Patil Puttappa
Puttappa represented the state of Karnataka for two terms. He was a hardcore Kannada
activist, popular writer and a journalist. He was the founder and editor of the weekly
magazine “Prapancha”. He actively participated in the freedom struggle. He was also the
president of Kannada Watchdog Committee. He was also the founder president of Border
Advisory Committee. He was fondly called “Papu”.
2. Contribution to Literature
Puttappa has authored several Kannada language books such as Kavi Lekhakaru, Neevu
Nagabeku,, Karnataka Sangeetha Kalaratnaru, etc.
3. Awards
The Legend has also received several awards. It includes Nadoja award, Wooday award
and Nrupatunga award.
4. Freedom fights and unification of Kannadigas

At the time of independence Puttappa was in the forefront demanding unification of
areas of Kannadigas. Kannadigas are the group of people who speak the language of
Kannada. There are several places that project the claim of Kannadigas over the land.
Some of them are included in UNESCO World Heritage sites as well. Some of such
UNESCO World Heritage sites are Ellora caves, Ajanta caves, elephanta caves, Konark
sun temple, etc.
118. Supreme Court seeks immediate floor test from Madhya Pradesh
State Government
On March 17, 2020, the Supreme Court of India issued notice to the Madhya Pradesh
State Government to conduct a floor test. A bench headed by Justice Chandrachud
issued the notice.

Jyotiraditya Scindia, who lost 2019 election in Madya Pradesh ended his 18 years
association with Congress party and joined BJP. Following this, 16 Members of the
Legislative Assembly who won elections with congress ticket submitted their resignation
letter to the speaker of the assembly. The assembly commenced for the budget session
recently. The speaker accepted their resignation.
2. Floor Test
The Floor test is conducted in order to prove majority of a government. The Chief
Minister or Prime Minister moves vote of confidence. If he gains majority support, he
continues to remain in power else he has to resign.
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3. Scindia
The Scindia family ruled the princely state of Gwalior. Jivajirao Scindia (grandfather of
Jyotiraditya Scindiya) was the last Maharaja of princely state of Gwalior. His son
Madhavrao Scindia was a titular ruler. The 26th amendment of constitution abolished the
official symbols of princely states in the country. This put an end to titles, privy purses
and privileges enjoyed.
4. 26th Constitutional Amendment

The 26th Constitutional amendment put an end to the privy purse in India. Privy purse
was the payment made by the royal families of princely states to stay integrated with
India after independence. At the time of independence there were 555 princely states
covering 48% of the area and 28% of the population. The rulers were free to make
choice in joining India or stay independent. It was Sardar Vallbhbhai Patel, who initiated
unification of the princely states.
119. What is Modified New Pricing Scheme-III?
The Union Cabinet chaired by PM Modi recently gave its nod to remove ambiguities in
Modified New Pricing Scheme-III. This was done to determine the costs of urea units.
1. Modified New Pricing Scheme

The Modified NPS scheme-III was launched in 2014. So far, there have been four NPS
schemes. The latest NPS-3 scheme was modified in April 2014 and has been extended
for a year. The scheme was modified to give boost to PM’s Make in India Campaign
2. Import of Urea
The import of Urea was restricted for a certain period in 2018-19. However, in 2019, the
ban was lifted with Rashtriya Chemicals and Fertilizers, a GoI undertaking operating
under Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers completely undertaking the import of urea.
The PSU was established in 1978. It manufactures fertilizers, urea and chemicals. It is
the fourth largest manufacturer of chemicals in India.
120. What is Forex Swap and LTRO suggested by RBI governor to

support Liquidity in India?
The RBI Governor recently stated that the apex bank has several armoury of weapons
and it will not hesitate to deploy them. Two of the measures suggested by the governor
are Forex Swap and LTRO (Long Term Repo Operation). This is being suggested as the
global economic growth is affected due to impact of COVID-19 and this in turn is
affecting India as well.
1. Highlights
In order to pump currency into the country, or increase liquidity, the Reserve Bank of
India has opened six-month dollar buy-sell dollar swap window. The swaps are to be
conducted in auction route
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2. What is Buy-Sell Dollar Swap Window?
The Reserve Bank will lend US dollars to companies. In turn it will receive equivalent
rupees from them. The companies will return the borrowed amount after a certain period
of time. With this, the liquidity or flow of currency in the country increases. This is
because with the amount received in rupees, the RBI for instance will start distributing
loans. This will increase currency flow in the country and stabilize depreciating rupee
value.
3. Why Liquidity best route for current situation?

Currently, the situation in such a way that demand in India and all over the world is the
same, while there is decrease in supply. This is because there are several mismatches in
the businesses all over the world due to the threat of COVID-19. Mismatches are cases
where a company or business is closed and its dependent is running or vice versa. This
will eventually force the dependent to close as well.
4. LTRO
The LTRO is Long Term Repo Operations. The LTRO were deployed during 2008 financial
crisis and were huge success. LTRO is a tool with which the apex bank offers loans to
banks in the country for a period of one to three years at the prevailing repo rate.
121. Bangladesh celebrates 100th birth anniversary of Bangabandhu

Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
On March 17, 2020, Bangladesh celebrated 100th birth anniversary of “Jatir Pita”
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. PM Modi participated in the celebrations through
video conferencing.
1. Bangabandhu: Political Career

Sheikh Mujbur Rahman was a Bangladeshi politician. He is called the father of
Bangladesh. He was the first president of Bangladesh and later he served as the Prime
Minister of Bangladesh between 1971 and 1975. He was assassinated in 1975.
2. 1970 Election
At the 1970 election held in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh), Awami League party under
the leadership of Bangabandhu won the elections. The Central Government under the
leadership of Pakistan People’s Party headed by Zulfikar Ali Bhutto hesitated to provide
greater autonomy and other demands of Bangabandhu. This was the base for the 1971
war where India joined hands with Bangladesh.
3. Literature
Bangabandhu wrote two volumes of his autobiography. The books were published by his
daughter, the now Prime Minister of Bangladesh Sheikh Hasina after his death.
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122. Draft National Policy for Rare Diseases placed in website of
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
On March 17, 2020, the draft National Policy for rare diseases has been shared in the
website of ministry of Health and Family Welfare. The draft has been opened for
comments from the states and Union territories and also from General public.
1. National Policy for Rare Diseases

The draft National Policy for rare diseases was published by the Ministry of Health and
Family Welfare in January 2020. IT was prepared in 2017 and was recommended to a
committee for review.
2. Rashtriya Arogya Nidhi

The Rashtriya Arogya Nidhi also called National Illness Assistance Fund is a scheme
completely sponsored by the central government. Under the scheme, financial
assistance is provided to patients suffering from life threatening diseases as a one-time
grant.
March 18, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
123. Starch-Based “Hemostat” developed at Institute of Nano Science to

stop blood loss
Scientists at the INST (Institute of Nano Science and Technology), that operates under
the Department of Science & Technology, have developed starch based ‘Hemostat’.
1. Starch Based Hemostat

The starch-based ‘hemostat’ are developed to stop rapid blood loss during accidents, as
it physically absorbs excess fluid and concentrates the natural clotting factors in blood.
The product possesses increased absorption capacity, improved absorption, inexpensive
and is biodegradable.
2. Hemostat
Hemostats are surgical tools that are used to control bleeding.
3. Blood Coagulation
Rapid Blood coagulation is important to stop blood loss. When bold oozes out of cuts, the
circulating substance in the blood called the coagulants changes the blood into an
insoluble gel. This process requires coagulation factors, phospholipids and calcium.
There are 12 coagulation factors in human body.
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4. Institute of Nano Science
The Institute of Nano Science operates under Department of Science and Technology. It
was established under the National Mission of Nano Science and Technology or NANO
mission. The mission aims to promote growth of nanoscience and technology.
124. NAVIC Messaging System for Fisheries Department
On March 17, 2020, the Department of Space reported at the Parliament that ISRO has
designed NAVIC messaging system and receiver. The system is currently used by the
Indian National Centre for Ocean Information system (INCOIS)
1. Highlights
The system is used to broadcast emergency warning messages in cases such as
tsunami, cyclone, high waves. The technology has been transferred by ISRO to 5
industries in India. One of them is the fisheries industry. ISRO has so far distributed 250
units of these systems to the coastal fishermen in the states of Tamil Nadu and Kerala.
2. NAVIC
The NAVIC is Navigation in Indian Constellation. It is an Indian Regional Navigation
Satellite System (IRNSS). Developed by ISRO. There are 8 satellites in the constellation.
The main objective of NAVIC is to provide continuous surveillance of the Indian sub-
continent.
3. IRNSS
The IRNSS provides two services namely Standard Positioning Services and Restricted
Services. The Standard Positioning Services are provided to all users. On the other hand,
restricted services are provided only to authorized users. The main applications of IRNSS
include integration with mobiles, terrestrial aerial and marine navigation, precise timing,
mapping, etc.
4. Fishermen
The systems will be carried by the fishermen. The device offers potential fishing zone
advisories. This will help fishermen to stay within international boundaries. The system
also gives warning about Oceanic wave forecasts and high wave alerts.
125. Corona Virus: GoI halts three crucial policies as revenues shrink
As the outbreak of corona virus has hit revenue collection, the Government of India has
dropped three crucial policies.
1. Highlights
The revenue collection for the fiscal year 2019-20 has contracted by 3.5% in the first 11
months. With the increasing threat of Corona Virus, it is expected that the revenue
collection is to get reduced further. Therefore, the GOI has halted three crucial policies.
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2. Policies Halted
The food ministry had earlier proposed taxes on imported crude and refined vegetable
oil from Malayasia. This includes palm oil as well. The proposal was the reduce the taxes
by 3%-7% in order to keep the domestic prices under control. This was shelved by the
Food Ministry
126. Swachh Bharat Mission: Gram Panchayats get more funds under
15th finance commission
The GoI approved the implementation of second phase of Swachh Bharat Mission in
February 2020. The Mission is to focus two crore projects during its second phase. It
includes Open Defecation Free Plus and solid and liquid waste management. During this
phase, the primary focus is to be provided on gram panchayats
1. Fund Allocation
Every Gram Panchayat under Swachh Bharat Mission receives Rs 7 to 20 lakhs. Now
these funds are to be increased by 5 lakhs for managing solid and liquid waste. These
additional funds are to be allocated through Mahatma Gandhi National Rural
Employment Scheme. This way, the MGNREGA work force are to be diverted towards
Swachh Bharat Mission.
2. Swachh Bharat Mission

The second phase of Swachh Bharat Mission is to be implemented between 2020-21 and
2024-25. More than 10 crore toilets were constructed in the first phase. The Government
also declared India Open Defecation Free. The second phase is being launched to sustain
the status and also to remove minutest glitches left behind by the first phase. In other
words, there are very few regions in India that have not become completely free of open
defecation.
127. European Project linking Black sea, North Sea and Baltic Sea
criticized by Environmental Organization
The Danube-Oder-Elbe canal intends to connect the three rivers Danube, Oder and Elbe.
This is to provide an alternate route of navigation from Black sea to Baltic and North
seas. However, several concerns are being raised by the environmental organizations
against the construction of the canal.
1. Highlights
According to the activists, the project violates European Union Environmental
conservative directives. the major project is to cost at least 23 billion Euros. The activists
want the project to be excluded from EU funding. They also do not want the project to be
included in the Trans-European Transport Network.
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2. What are the concerns?
In order to complete the project, several hundred artificial waterways have to be built.
As the canal is being construct for ship navigation, more than 70 locks have to be built
that will accelerate flood waves. The riverbeds need to be deepened for the ships to
navigate. This will increase risks of flooding. The canal will also destruct habitat of
several plants and animals. It will make endangered animal and plant species to go
extinct.
128. Government of India allows private sector to diagnose Corona Virus
The Government of India has opened testing of Corona Virus to private sector. The price
of testing is to range between Rs 9,000 and Rs 12,000.
1. Highlights
The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) is to establish 51 testing centres apart
from the private sector operated ones. These centres are to be authorized by National
Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL). Already, there are
72 ICMR labs doing the tests.
2. National Institute of Virology

In order to perform the tests, the labs have to acquire probes, reagents and primers all
by themselves. The test kits will then be validated by National Institute of Virology. Only
then the labs are authorized to perform the tests on the public.
3. Tests
The Antibody-Assay tests are much faster and yield results in an hour. At first stage the
person is to show increased level of immunoglobulin. These tests are termed as rapid
tests and have slightly higher possibilities of false detection.
129. CSIR develops new Hand Sanitizer without using chemicals
The Scientists at the CSIR-IHBT (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of

Himalayan Bioresource Technology) has developed a new sanitizer without using
chemicals.
1. Highlights
The scientists have used active tea constituents, alcohol and have developed the
sanitizer according to the guidelines of World Health Organization. Usually chemicals
such as triclosan, parabens, phthalates and synthetic fragrance are used in the
production of sanitizers. None of these chemicals have been used in producing the CSIR
formulated sanitizer.
2. Why Hand Sanitizers in preventing Corona Virus?

The Corona Virus spreads from droplets of nose or mouth of an infected person. It
transmits when the person coughs or sneezes. The sanitizers kill virus that gets stuck to
hands accidentally. WHO recommends sanitizers that contain 60% to 70% alcohol.
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130. Saudi Arabia to hold virtual G20 Summit as that of India’s SAARC
On March 17, 2020, PM Modi interacted with the Saudi Arabian Crown Prince Mohammed
Bin Salman. Prime Minister shared about India’s preparedness to fight against Corona
Virus. He also mooted the idea of SAARC like virtual conference among G20 nations.
1. SAARC Conference
Recently, with India’s initiation, a virtual conference of SAARC leaders were recently
held. PM Modi attended the conference. The leaders of Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Maldives
and other members shared their preparedness. They also agreed to cooperate among
themselves to control the spread of the virus.
2. SAARC after long time

SAARC has been silent for three years now. The 19th SAARC summit was to be held in
Pakistan in 2016. However, it got cancelled due to the attack (Uri attack) on Indian army
in Kashmir. Following the attack, India boycotted the summit and was followed by Sri
Lanka, Bangladesh, Afghanistan, Bhutan and Maldives.
3. G20
The Group of 20 is an international platform formed by 19 countries and European
Union. It discusses promotion of international financial stability. The 2020 G20 summit is
to be held in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. It is scheduled on November 21-22, 2020.
131. Agricultural & Processed food products Export Development

Authority signs MoU with SFAC
On March 18, 2020, the Agricultural and Processed food product Export Development
Authority (APEDA) signed Memorandum of Understanding with Small Farmers
Agriculture-Business Consortium. The agreement aims to link the Farmer Producer
Organization and farmer cooperatives with the export value chain.
1. Highlights
The SFAC will share the clusters of farmers and grouping distributed in various states
with APEDA. They will then work together to link up these farmers with the export chain.
APEDA will also facilitate certified organic produce identified by SFAC. They will also
establish an Agri-Business Promotion unit in the North-East.
2. APEDA and SFAC

The APEDA was established under an act of Parliament in 1985. It aims to develop
industries to promote export of specific products. It carries out registration of exporters,
fixing standards, improving packages of scheduled products and promotion of export-
oriented production.
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132. GoI: Left Wing Extremism has declined by 38% in last five years
On March 18, 2020, the Union Minister of State for Home Affairs replied in Rajya Sabha
about the decline in Left Wing Extremism in the last five years. This has been possible
mainly due to the implementation of “National Policy and Action Plan-2015”.
1. Highlights
In 2019, number of Left Wing Extremism has reduced by 38% as compared to 2014. This
has been possible with the deployment of large number of mini and micro unmanned
serial vehicles to support anti-Left Wing Extremist Operation.
2. National Policy and Action Plan

The Government primarily erected 2,329 mobile towers in these regions. With the
increase in connectivity and construction of road, GoI aims to develop the region. This
will decrease the number of youths joining the organizations.
3. Unlawful Activities (Prevention) act of India

The Naxalite and Maoists organizations in the regions were declared as terrorists group
under the act.
4. Red Corridor
The Red Corridor includes the southern, central and eastern parts of India. These are
also areas that suffer from poverty and illiteracy. These regions are backward in
development as compared to the other regions of India. They are considered to be the
poorest in the country.
5. LWE affected areas

The states of Chhattisgarh, Bihar, Odisha, Jharkhand are LWE affected states. Parts of
Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh are also affected by LWE.
133. March 18: Ordnance Factory Day
On March 18, 2020, 219th Ordnance Factories Foundation Day was observed. Every year
India observes March 18 as Ordnance Factory Day. The first Ordnance Factory was
established in Kolkata in 1801. There are 41 ordnance factories in the country.
1. History
The history of ordnance factory is directly linked to the British reign of India. The Board
of Ordnance Factories that still govern the ordnance factories in the country was
established in 1775 at Fort Williams, Kolkata.
2. Ordnance Factory Board

The Ordnance Factory Board operates under Ministry of Defence. It is the largest and
oldest Government operated defence organization. The Board is always called the fourth
arm of defence. It is the 37th largest arms manufacturer in the world.
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134. GM Crop: White Flies Resistant Cotton Field Trials begins
The National Botanical Research Institute developed pest resistant cotton variety. The
cotton variety is to be field tested at the Center of Punjab Agriculture University,
Ludhiana.
1. Need
In 2015, the whiteflies devastated more than two-third cotton crops in Punjab. Of all the
crops, cotton is the worst hit by whiteflies. Whiteflies are considered as the top 10
devastating pests in the world. They damage more than 2000 plant species.
2. Why not Bt Cotton?

When Bt cotton, a genetically modified crop already exists, why should scientists go for a
new GM cotton crop? This is because, Bt cotton is resistant only to two pests and not to
whiteflies.
3. The technology
In order to develop the pest resistant variety scientists have explored 250 plants. From
these plants they have identified novel protein molecules that are harmful to whiteflies.
Out of the 250 plants, the protein was found in Tectaria marcrodonta. This fern that
causes toxicity in whiteflies is used as salad in Nepal.

When the fern enters the bloodstream of the whiteflies, it interferes with their life cycle.
The insects start laying abnormal eggs resulting in extraordinary poor emergence of
flies.
5. Whiteflies
Whiteflies feed on the underside of plant leaves. They are common in warm tropical
climates. They are more prevalent in greenhouses. The world economic losses due to
whiteflies are estimated to be more than 100s of millions of dollars annually.
135. Ayushman Bharat to help fight against COVID-19
On March 18, 2020, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has included Ayushman
Bharat or the Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana to fight against Corona Virus. So far
India has recorded 168 confirmed cases of Corona Virus. OF these, India has cured 14
and three have so far died because of the virus.
1. Highlights
The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has involved National Health Authority as well
to fight against Corona Virus. The National Health Authority is the implementing agency
of Ayushman Bharat. The scheme will help in identifying capacities of 19,840 empaneled
hospitals to admit patients. Apart from this the ministry will also include non-profit
hospitals to ramp up the facilities.
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2. Other Measures
The Ministry has also included NITI Aayog and Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
to study hospital level preparedness. Also, database of ventilators and beds are to be
collected.
136. GOI: Draft New Industrial Policy and National E-Commerce Policy to
be released soon
On March 18, 2020 the Ministry of Commerce and Industry announced in the parliament
that New Industrial Policy and National E-Commerce Policy are to be released soon. The
policies are to be framed by the Department of Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade
(DPIIT).
1. New Industrial Policy

Previously NIP was launched in 1991. Since then the policy has not been updated. The
1991 NIP aimed at Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization. It also aimed to
increase economic growth rate and also to build sufficient foreign exchange reserves.
The policy also focused in international flow of goods and services in the country with
several restrictions. The current government has been liberalizing these restrictions and
has increased the ease of doing business with India. Hence India has reached to 63rd
rank in World Bank’s recent Ease of Doing Business ranking.
2. National E-Commerce Policy

The Draft National E-Commerce Policy will focus on six broad areas namely
infrastructure, data, e-commerce market places, export promotion, regulatory issues and
stimulating domestic digital economy.
137. Drugs (Prices Control) Order, 2013 saved Rs 12,447 crores per
annum since implementation
The Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers recently reported at the Parliament that the
DPCO, 2013 (Drugs Prices Control Order, 2013) has helped to save Rs 12, 447 crores per
annum.
1. What is DPCO 2013?

The DPCO is an order that was issued by the GoI under Essential Commodities Act, 1955.
The order provides details to fix the prices of the drugs, procedures to increase or
decrease prices, penalties for defying the order, etc. The Order empowered the National
Pharmaceuticals Pricing Authority (NPPA) to fix the threshold prices of drugs. The NPPA is
allowed to fix prices only on those drugs that are listed under National List of Essential
Medicines.
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2. National List of Essential Medicines
The list was prepared by Ministry of Health and Family Welfare in 2011. The list was
prepared with the World Heath Organization list as the base. It is mandatory that these
medicines are to be made available in the country in adequate amounts. The last change
was made to the list in 2018. Today there are 851 medicines under the list.
138. Defence Acquisition Council approves procurement of 83 Tejas

Fighter Jets
On March 18, 2020, the Defence Acquisition Council approved the procurement of
indigenously built 83 Tejas fighter aircrafts for Indian Air Force. The proposal is to be
placed under Cabinet Committee on Security. The proposal is considered as a major
boost to Make in India.
1. About the Aircraft

The Light Combat Aircraft LCA-Tejas was designed by the Aircraft Development Agency
(ADA). The ADA operates under DRDO (Defence Research Development Organization). It
was manufactured by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL).
2. Defence Acquisition Council

The Defence Acquisition Council operates under Ministry of Defence and is the highest
decision making body. The decisions include on policies, acquisition and capital for the
three services. The Minister Defence (currently Shri Rajnath Singh) is the chairman of
the council. It was formed in 2001 after Kargil war in 1999.
March 19, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
139. Lok Sabha passes Aircraft (Amendment) bill, 2020
The Lok Sabha recently passed Aircraft (Amendment) bill, 2020. The bill was passed
through voice vote in the lower house. The amendments are being made to fulfil the
requirements of International Civil Aviation Organization.
1. Highlights
The amendment aims to regulate three regulatory bodies namely Bureau of Civil
Aviation (BCA), Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) and Aircraft Accident
Investigation Bureau (AAIB). The amendment will make these bodies effective and
enhance safety and security of aircraft operations.
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2. Penalties
The bill allows central government to cancel licenses, approvals and certificates. It also
includes issuing licenses to repair, operate and maintain aircrafts. The bill also proposes
that a court that is equivalent or superior to metropolitan magistrate can hear cases
under the act.
3. About the regulatory bodies

The DGCA carries out safety and regulatory functions. The BCAS discharges oversees
civil aviation security functions. The AAIB is the body that is responsible for carrying out
investigations of air accidents.
4. What are the current penalties?

The Aircraft Act, 1934 includes penalties such as carrying arms, explosives and other
dangerous goods, contravening rules notified under the act and building structures
withing aerodrome perimeters.
5. Why the amendment?

The Civil Aviation Organization conducted an audit in 2015. According to the audit, there
was a need to amend the act to recognize and regulate the bodies and empower officers
to impose penalties for violating the legal provisions.
140. “Innovate for Accessible India” Campaign launched by NASSCOM

along with Microsoft
The NASSCOM (National Association of Software and Service Companies) recently

launched the “Innovate for Accessible India” campaign along with Microsoft India. The
other partners of the initiative include Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of
Social Justice and Empowerment, Department of Empowerment of Persons with
Disabilities.
1. About the Initiative

The Initiative aims to sort out issues of Divyangs (physically challenged) with the help of
Artificial Intelligence and Microsoft Cloud and other technologies. The initiative will cover
21 disabilities. These 21 disabilities are according to the Rights of Persons with
Disabilities Act, 2016.
2. Significance
According to 2011 Census, 2% of the India population are disabled. The National Policy
for disabled people looks at them as valuable human resources and therefore seeks their
protection and full participation in the society.
3. NASSCOM
NASCOM is a non-profit organization that was set up in 1988. In 2013, NASSCOM
initiated “10,000 startups” in the country. The main aim of the initiative is to launch
10,000 startups in the country by 2023.
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4. Data Security Council of India
It was established in 2008. It aims at making cyberspace safe and secure. It also frames
standards and initiatives for maintaining privacy and other cyber security standards. It
also arranges conferences and creates common platforms for the industries, think tanks
and other leaders of data protection industry to come together.
141. First Time: Supreme Court removed a state minister over

Disqualification petition
On March 18, 2020, for the first time in its history, the Supreme Court removed the
Manipur Minister Thounaojam Shyamkumar Singh from the state cabinet. The apex court
has also been restrained him from entering the Legislative assembly.

Mr Shyamkumar won the 2017 assembly elections on Congress Ticket and switched over
to BJP to become the minister of Town Planning, forest and Environment. Disqualification
petitions were filed against him to the speaker by the other MLAs. The Disqualification
petitions against the minister was pending before the speaker of the Manipur Assembly
since 2017. However, no action has still been taken. When the issue was appealed to SC,
the apex court has invoked Article 142 and has removed the minister from the cabinet.
2. Article 212
According to the Article 212, the courts in India including Supreme Court cannot
interfere in the proceedings of the Legislature of state. No members, officers of the state
are subjected to jurisdiction while exercising his duties or regulating procedures,
maintaining order.
3. Article 142
The Supreme Court under the article 142 can pass an order doing “complete justice” to
matter pending before it.
142. Resolution to be moved in Rajya Sabha to remove the word

“Socialism” in the Constitution
The ruling party (BJP) member of Rajya Sabha Shri Rakesh Sinha has issued a notice to
the Chairman to permit to move a resolution. The resolution aims to drop the word
“Socialist” in the Constitution.
1. Highlights
The resolution claims that the world socialism is redundant in the current scenario. It has
to be dropped to create space for economic thinking. The Preamble of Constitution
declares India to be sovereign, secular, socialist and democratic republic.
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2. 42nd amendment of the Constitution
The words “Socialist” and “Secular” were included in the 42nd amendment of the
Constitution. The amendment was passed during the emergency period. The
amendment attempted to reduce the powers of Supreme Court. It laid down
fundamental duties of Indian Citizens. The amendment brought in several changes for it
was addressed as “Mini-constitution”.
3. Can Preamble be amended?

Yes.
143. India in Phase 2 of Corona Virus Pandemic; No Community

Transmissions in India
On March 18, 2020, the Indian Council of Medical Research announced that India is in
Phase 2 of spread of COVID-19 and that community transmissions have not begun in
India
1. What are the phases of COVID-19 Transmission?

There are four stages of COVID-19 transmission according to the World Health
Organization. They are as follows
1.1. Phase 1: Travelers

It is first reported among the travelers entering the country. At this stage, the virus is to
be controlled by thermal screening and quarantine. In order to contain this, India has
suspended visas, imposed travel bans, suspended facilities such as visa free travel to
OCI (Overseas Citizen of India) card-holders.
1.2. Phase 2: Local

At this stage the virus spreads from the travelers to the local people through direct
contact
1.3. Phase 3: Community Transmission

At this stage, the virus spreads among the people with no history of travel or with no
direct contact with infected persons.
1.4. Phase 4: Epidemic

Epidemic is a condition where the spread of the disease if more than the expected
spread of disease.
2. ICMR to test for Community Transmission

Though, India is in Phase 2 of the COVID-19 transmission, the ICMR (Indian Council for
Medical Research) is to test for community transmission. This is to be done by randomly
testing volunteers.
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144. Budget Allocation to fight Corona: Odisha, Tamil Nadu allocated
funds
The US Government recently allocated 100 billion USD to fight Corona Virus. Following
the US, UK had announced 400 billion USD to be allocated for Corona Virus.
1. Justification
The Government of India has still not allocated funds as the fiscal deficits are already
high. The Union Budget 2019-20 estimated the fiscal deficit to be Rs 7 lakh crore. Also,
this year (2019-20) it is expected that the tax collection is to fall short by Rs 2.5 lakh
crore (1.2% of the GDP).
2. State Disaster Response Fund

The fund was constituted under Disaster Management Act, 2005. The fund was
constituted based on the recommendation of 13th Finance Commission. Every year, the
GoI releases these funds based on the recommendation of the Finance Commission. 75%
of the funds are shared by the Centre for the states under General Category. For the
states under Special Category, 90% of the funds are contributed by the State.
3. Funds Allocated
Odisha became the first state in the country to allocated funds to fight against Corona
Virus. The Odisha State government has allocated Rs 200 crores to fight against the
deadly disease. The Tamil Nadu Government allocated Rs 60 crores.
145. What is Greenco Rating System followed in India?
On March 19, 2020, the Ministry of Railways presented the details of Greenco System in
the country in Lok Sabha. As on 2018, 42 Railway Production units have implemented
Greenco Rating.
1. What is GreenCo?
The assessment of major workshops and production units in various industries based on
their ecological sustainability. The assessment helps the comapnies in resource
conservation and reduction. It also helps to track the environmental impact caused by
the infrastructural projects undertaken
2. Greenco Certification
The Greenco Certification or rating is provided by the Confederation of Indian Industry
(CII). The factors considered while providing the certification is greenhouse gas
mitigation; zero waste; recycling and material conservation; world class energy
efficiency and toxicity reduction.
3. INDC of UNFCCC
The Greenco rating was acknowledged in the INDC (Intended Nationally Determined
Contributions) submitted by India to United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change (UNFCCC) in 2015.
3.1. India’s major INDCs

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 To reduce emissions by 33% to 35% by 2030 as compared to 2005
 To create carbon sink of 3 billion tonnes of Carbon Dioxide. A carbon sink is a natural
reservoir that absorbs carbon and lowers concentration of carbon dioxide. It mainly includes
vegetation and ocean.
146. Former Chief Justice of India takes oath as Rajya Sabha MP
On March 19, 2020, the former Chief Justice of India Ranjan Gogoi took oath as the
Member of Parliament of Rajya Sabha.
1. Highlights
The President Shri Ram Nath Kovind nominated Shri Ranjan Gogoi the former Chief
Justice of India to fill in the vacancy of the retiring member KTS Tulsi under Article 80.
2. Ranjan Gogoi
The Former CJI has pronounced famous judgements of the supreme court during his
tenure. It includes entry of women in Kerala Sabarimala temple case, Rafale Jets,
Assam’s NRC (National Register of Citizens), etc.
3. KTS Tulsi
KTS Tulsi is a senior advocate in the Supreme Court of India. He is also a politician from
the state of Chhattisgarh. He was nominated to the upper house as a member of Indian
National Congress. He was nominated to the Upper House by the President in 2014. He
had also served as Additional Solicitor General of India in 1990.
4. Additional Solicitor General of India

The Additional Solicitor General of India gives advice to GoI on legal matters. They
appear in the Supreme Court or in other high courts on behalf of the Government.
147. International Energy Agency: India the third largest producer of

Electricity
On March 19, 2020, the Ministry of Power quoted International Energy Agency ranking in
the Parliament. According to the ranking, India is the third largest producer of electricity
in the world. Also, it is ranked 106th in terms of per capital consumption.
1. Highlights
India has now become power surplus from power deficit. Therefore, it is currently
focusing on supply of quality power to consumers. As of December 2019, the National
Electric Grid had an installed capacity of 368.79 GW.
2. Issues
Though India has surplus power, the country lacks adequate infrastructure. Still around
136 million Indians use traditional fuels such as agricultural waste, firewood, dry animal
dung fuel for cooking and heating needs. This affects their health badly. According to
WHO, more than 300,000 to 400,000 people in India die due to indoor air pollution.
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3. Coal based electricity
Today, India’s power production is dominated by coal. As of May 2019, 72% of India’s
electricity was generated from coal-based power plants. However, several energy
institutes predict that dependence of India on coal is to reduce. For instance, the BP
Energy Outlook, 2019 says that India’s primary energy consumption is to decline from
56% (2017) to 48% in 2040.
148. Corona Virus: UGC reschedules exams; International airlines

banned temporarily
On March 19, 2020, the University Grants Commission directed all the affiliated colleges
and universities to postpone the ongoing examinations. The evaluation works have also
been directed to be rescheduled.
1. Highlights
With the number of persons infected with the COVID-19 virus, has increased to 173, the
UGC has also instructed the school education boards such as CBSE to postpone the
exams.
2. International Airlines
The Government of India has also banned the operation international commercial airlines
in the country. The rule is to be implemented from March 22, 2020. This will ban
foreigners from entering the country. The notification of the order was issued by the
Directorate General of Civil Aviation.
3. Global concerns
The International Air Transport recently warned that if Corona Virus is not contained at
the earliest, the outbreak is to cost 113 billion USD of revenue loss globally. Out of all
the other industries, tourism takes an unprecedented hit.
149. India and Israel sign Rs 880 crore Defence Deal
On March 19, 2020, the Indian Armed Forces operating under Ministry of Defence signed
an agreement with the Israel Weapons Industry. According to the agreement, India is to
procure 16, 479 LMG (Light Machine Guns) for Rs 880 crores.
1. Light Machine Gun

The Light Machine Guns are used as squad automatic weapons. The LMG were first used
in Second World War. The name of the LMGs India is buying from Israel is called Negev.
Negev is gas operated LMG.
2. India-Israel Defence Relations

India sees Israel’s Defence Industry as a useful source of weapons. In 2016, India signed
a 600 million USD deal with Israel making Israel the second largest Defence partner of
India in 2016. The Heron Drones of India used in Indian Air Force were bought from
Israel. Later in 2017, the countries signed another deal of 2 billion USD.
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150. GoI allocates Rs 1,480 crores to National Technical Textiles Mission
On March 19, 2020, the Minister of Textiles Smt Smriti Irani presented the details of
National Technical Textiles Mission at Rajya Sabha. The GoI has allocated Rs 1,480
crores for the mission
1. National Technical Textiles Mission

The Mission aims to improve technical textiles in India. The mission is to be implemented
for a period of 4 years between 2020-21 and 2023-24. It is to be implemented by the
Ministry of Textiles.
2. What are Technical Textiles?

The technical textiles are a non-aesthetic product where function is its primary purpose.
Basically, they are used in 12 applications namely Geotech, Indutech, Military textiles,
packing, agro, buildings, Geotech, medtech, autotech, smartech, sportech and
clothtech. They are functional fabrics that are used in civil engineering, automobiles,
agriculture, construction, healthcare, personal protection, etc. For instance, a technical
textile can be used in gloves for high temperature environment, in astronauts and fire
fighters’ suits, etc.
151. PM Modi addresses the Nation: Introduces “People’s Curfew”,

Economic Response Task Force to fight Corona Virus
On March 19, 2020, Prime Minister Narendra Modi addressed the nation on combating
Corona Virus. The PM introduced People’s Curfew during his speech. He also said that
Economic Task Force is to be implemented under the Finance Minister.
1. Highlights
PM Modi introduces “Hum Swasth, toh Jag Swasth” mantra to fight COVID-19. This
means “The World is Healthy when we stay Healthy”. He also suggests “Social
Distancing” to prevent the infection. While several developed countries have taken swift
actions to contain the virus, India with a population of 130 crore shall fight the virus only
through social distancing and self-quarantine.
2. People’s Curfew
The Prime Minister has requested the citizens not to leave their homes between 7 AM
and 9 PM. This has been named as People’s Curfew. The Curfew is a way of expressing
gratitude to all the medical professionals who are selflessly serving others. At 5 PM on
the very same day, India is to give a standing ovation to those selfless medical
professionals.
3. Economic Response Task Force

The GoI is to set up an Economic Response Task Force under the leadership of Finance
Minister Nirmala Sitaraman. This is because the pandemic is severely affecting the lower
class, middle class and the below poverty line people. The task force is to focus on such
segments of the society.
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152. National Aquifer Mapping Programme: Plans developed for 11.8

lakh sq km
On March 19, 2020, the Ministry Jal Shakti replied in Lok Sabha that out of 25 lakh
square kilo metre of mappable area, plans for 11.8 lakh square km area have been
developed.
1. Highlights
The Ministry also informed that the Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) implementing
the mapping programme has assessed 3,600 units out of 6,881 assessment units. Also,
the CGWB has began to update the data collected about ground water levels through a
website.
2. National Aquifer Mapping and Management Programme

Though water is a state subject, Centre has launched the programme to learn about the
available ground water in the country. Also, the centre aims to learn about ground water
availability in the country to initiate artificial recharge of under ground water.
3. Central Ground Water Board

The CGEB was established in 1970. The main aim of the board is to provide scientific
inputs in exploration, management, assessment, augmentation and regulation of ground
water in the country.
153. GoI: Benefits to COVID-19 affected workers under Atal Beema

Vyakti Kalyan Yojana
On March 19, 2020, the Government of India announced that it will provide
unemployment benefits to the section of unorganized workers. These workers include,
persons who have lost their jobs due to the impact of the Corona Virus Pandemic.
1. Highlights
Along the lines of countries like USA in combating the deadly Corona Virus, GoI is to
provide cash to workers. These workers are those that become unemployed due to the
impact of corona virus. They are to receive cash for 3 months.
2. Atal Beema Vyakti Kalyan Yojana

The scheme provides unemployment insurance to those workers enrolled in EST scheme.
ESI is Employee State Insurance Scheme. Under the scheme, the workers receive cash of
25% of their salary that they were receiving in the last 2 months. The scheme is
operation since 2018. It provides compensation to those who become unemployed for
three months.
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March 20, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
154. Nirbhaya Case Convicts Hanged to Death in Tihar Jail
On March 20, 2020, four convicts of the Nirbhaya Gang Rape were hanged to death in
Tihar Jail.
1. Highlights
In September 2013, a fast track court convicted them with death sentence. Several
curative and mercy petitions were filed by them at the Delhi High Court and Supreme
Court. In 2017, the Supreme Court upheld death penalty. Recently, in 2020, the
Supreme Court refused to take in the petitions.
2. Article 145
Article 145 of the constitution allows the Supreme Court to frame its own rules. Under
the Article, the SC rules its own proceedings, cases handled by the it, transferred to high
courts, etc. It has powers to stay proceedings, grant bail, allocate number of judges to sit
in a bench, etc.
3. Criminal Law (Amendment) act, 2013

The act was also called Nirbhaya Act. The act made several changes to the punishments
of rape and sexual harassment accused. Also, the other laws such as Indian Penal code,
Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, Indian Evidence Act were all amended.
4. J S Verma Committee
Six days after the Nirbhaya incident GoI constituted a judicial Committee under J S
Verma. The judicial changes were made according to the recommendations of the
committee.
155. 1 million USD dispersed to SAARC nations under Emergency COVID-

19 Funds
On March 19, 2020, the Ministry of External Affairs announced that 1 million USD has
been dispersed towards the Emergency COVID-19 funds. The fund was set up PM Modi
during a video conference recently. Walking on the foot steps of India, Saudi Arabia had
recently initiated similar conference among G20 countries to fight COVID-19.
1. Highlights
India had set up 10 million USD funds to fight against Corona Virus at the SAARC video
Conference. India has also dispatched supplies such as testing equipment, sanitizers and
other medical requests of Maldives and Bhutan.
2. Significance
It is important for India to take lead role and strengthen its ties with the SAARC nations.
This is because India currently holds a trade surplus of 15 billion USD with SAARC
countries. Given the geographical location of the SAARC members, for all the members
being neighbours, India can derive lot of benefits through SAARC.
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156. 15th Finance Commission to monitor COVID-19 before second

report
On March 19, 2020, the Finance Commission announced that it will monitor situation of
COVID-19 before releasing its second report.
1. Highlights
The Commission is to set up a committee to review fiscal consolidation of the
government. The commission has recommended grants for health sector under its
report. It has recommended setting up of State Disaster Risk Management Fund and
National Disaster Risk Management Fund. This will replace the existing Disaster Relief
Funds both at centre and state level. This is being done to give larger priority to disaster
management, mitigation, relief and response.
2. Finance Commission
The Finance Commission was set by President of India in 1951 under Article 280. The
commission makes recommendation to distribute taxes between centre and state. It is
an autonomous body. The main aim of the finance commission is to address the vertical
and horizontal imbalances between the centre and the states.
157. IMD: El Nino to be neutral; Normal Monsoon rains for India
On March 19, 2020, the Indian Meteorological Department announced that the El Nino
Weather Phenomenon is to remain neutral this year between May and July. This will
bring in normal rains to India during South West Monsoon.
1. ENSO Neutral: The Usual Weather System in the Pacific

The trade winds that flows from the east to west (from South America to Australia)
pushes warm water from the off coast of South America towards Eastern Australia and
Asia. The waters are warmed up as they are in the tropical zone of the earth receiving
direct sun rays. The warm water rises the air and gives plentiful rainfall in the region of
Australia and Asia.
2. Monsoon and ENSO

The ENSO phenomenon strengthens the trade winds that give good rains to India during
Monsoon. It is the trade winds that get deflected due to Corolis force and blow as south
west monsoon.
3. What is El Nino?
During El Nino, the ocean waters in the western Pacific (near Australia) warms up. This
breaks the warm waters from reaching the Australian coast. This is because, the oceanic
temperature in the middle of the Pacific is greater than its coastal. Hence, water starts
moving from Australian coast and South American Coast towards the centre of the
ocean. Rainfall now occurs in this part of the ocean, making both the coasts dry. Hence,
the trade winds reaching near Indian waters are dry as well. This weakens Indian
Monsoon.
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158. GoI notifies rules for Vivad Se Vishwas Scheme
On March 19, 2020, Govenrment of India has notified rules to avail full benefit of direct
tax dispute resolution under the Vivad Se Vishwas Scheme.
1. Highlights
Currently, there are more than 400,000 cases that are eligible to avail the scheme. This
involves Rs 9.3 lakh crores. The scheme aims to settle disputes and aid in revenue
collection of the Government. However, experts believe that under COVID-19 crisis, it is
essential to extend the date of deposit date beyond March 31.
2. Vivad Se Vishwas
The scheme was introduced by the Finance Minister during the Union Budget 2020-21.
The scheme aims to settle pending cases on direct taxes. It provides waiver of interest
to those taxpayers that pay their taxes before March 31.
159. SIDBI launches “Swavalamban Express” to promote business

aspirants
On March 19, 2020, the Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) announced
Swavalamban Express.
1. Highlights
The Train is to visit 11 entrepreneurial cities. This includes Delhi, Jammu, Mumbai.
Ahmedabad, Hyderabad, Bengaluru, Kolakata, Bhubaneswar and Varanasi. During the
period, various workshops and programmes are to be organized. The train has been
launched to fulfil India’s goal of 5 trillion USD by 2024-25.
2. Objective
The train is to cover more than 7,000 km in 15 days. It will connect small enterprises.
There is no educational restriction for the journey. Any person between the age of 20
and 35 years can participate.
3. SIDBI
The SIDBI was established in 1990. It is one of the four All India Financial Institutions that
are supervised and regulated by Reserve Bank of India. The other three include NABARD
(National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development), EXIM (Export Import Bank) and
NHB (National Housing Bank).
160. Finanance Commission: N K Singh Committee for a new Fiscal

Consolidation Road Map
On March 19, 2020, the Finance Commission Constituted a committee under Shri N K
Singh in order to build a fiscal consolidation road map for the centre and the states.
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1. Highlights
The Finance Commission had submitted its first report to the GoI in February 2020. The
Commission will submit its final report covering the financial years 2021-22 to 2025-26
by October 30. The N K Singh committee will recommend definition of deficit and debt. It
will also define contingent liabilities of the public sector undertakings.
2. Fiscal Consolidation
Fiscal Consolidation is the policy adopted by the Government to reduce the deficits. It
mainly aims to reduce administrative costs of the Government. In simple words, the
policies undertaken by the Government to reduce debt stocks and deficits.
3. FRBMA act
The act aimed to reduce fiscal deficit by 3% of GDP. It aimed to eliminate the deficit by
2006 by avoiding borrowings from RBI. However, it couldn’t be achieved due to
International Financial Crisis. Later, a review committee was set up in 2016 to suggest
changes of the act under N k Singh then as well.
161. Update on National Policy on Skill Development
On March 20, 2020, Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship presented the
update on National Policy on Skill Development in Rajya Sabha
1. Highlights
The following initiatives have been taken under the policy by the Ministry since 2015
2. National Policy on Skill Development

The Policy was launched in 2009 and was upgraded in 2015. The Policy aims at providing
umbrella framework that will link skills and demand.
162. National Centre for Cell Science: The Cellular Mechanism of

Huntington Disease discovered
On March 20, 2020, the National Centre for Cell Science have found that the pathogenic
protein called the Huntingtin Protein causes decrease in overall protein production.
1. What is Huntington Disease?

The disease is a genetic disorder that declines cognitive abilities, impairs coordination of
balance and movement, memory lapses, mood swings and personality changes.
2. The Discovery
The Scientists have found that in a diseased person the Huntingtin protein interfered
with the protein production of the cells. This is how wrong instructions are sent, mainly
due to faulty protein level. They also reduced the level of protein production of a normal
cell.
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163. “Tech for Tribal”-Launched by TRIFED to develop Tribal
Entrepreneurship
On March 19, 2020, TRIFED, the Tribal Cooperative Marketing Development Federation
of India launched “Tech for Tribal” initiative. The initiative aims at providing
entrepreneurship skills to the tribal people.
1. Highlights
The initiative is to benefit 3 lakh people. The TRIFED has launched the initiative along
with Institutes of National Importance. It includes IIT-Kanpur, IIM Indore, Institute of
Social Science, Bhubaneshwar.
2. Significance
The programme in later stages is to be linked with Van Dhan Vikas Kendra (VDVK). Every
VDVK consists of 20 tribal gatherers and 15 Self Help Groups. VDVKs aims at providing
capacity building and skill upgradation.
3. Pradhan Mantri Van Dhan Yojana

It is an initiative that was launched in 2018. The Scheme aims to strengthen tribal
producer companies. It was launched in 27 states. TRIFED is the nodal agency
implementing the scheme.
164. Defence Minister launches draft of Defence Procurement

Procedure, 2020
On March 20, 2020, the Defence Minister Shri Rajnath Singh launched the draft of new
Defence Procurement Procedure. The new procedure aims to increase the indigenous
manufacturing.
1. Highlights
The new procedure aims to increase Indigenous Content ratio. The ratio is the
percentage of content of the defence equipment built in India. For instance, the
Indigenous Content Ratio of Light Combat Aircraft Tejas is 75.5%.
2. Buy Global
The procedure has introduced “Buy Global” category. Under this category, only
minimum necessary is to be bought from abroad.
3. Key Features of DPP, 2020

The new procedure has introduced Leasing as a new category. This is to replace huge
initial payments with periodical rental payments. A new system has been introduced for
software procurement. This is because, software gets updated at faster rates out of all
other technologies.
4. What is Defence Procurement Procedure?

The Defence Procurement Procedure is the process that is followed to simplify
procurement of defence equipment.
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March 21, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
165. United Nations launches World Happiness Report, 2020: India ranks
144
On March 20, 2020 United Nations released the World Happiness Report on the
International Day of Happiness, 2020. Finland ranked first in the report and India ranked
144. Around 156 countries were assessed under the ranking. This is the eighth World
Happiness Report prepared by the organization.
1. Highlights
Following Finland, Denmark and Switzerland ranked second and third positions
respectively. Finland ranked topmost for the third consecutive time. Afghanistan ranked
the least. The United States moves by one place and was at 18th position. The United
Kingdom was at 13th position.
2. India
According to the index, the urban-rural difference in India was high. Also, the report
noticed that in India, the peri-urban population was happier than urban population.
166. March 20: International Day of Happiness
Every year March 20 is celebrated as International Day of Happiness. The day is

observed by the United Nations. This year the day was celebrated under the theme
1. Highlights
The United Nations on the International Day of Happiness called all 206 nations to adopt
“Ten Steps to Global Happiness”. The United Nations released the World Happiness
Index with Finland topping the ranking.
2. History
The day was first proposed in 2006 when Jayme Illien proposed “happytalism”. She
presented the theory as a new economic theory as that of communism, capitalism,
socialism, colonialism, feudalism, etc. Jayme Illien was the CEO of the United Nations
New World Order project, 2006. The project aimed at pushing happiness as a
fundamental right of mankind.
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167. Fossil links human hands to fins for the first time in Human
Evolution
The Paleontologists of Canada have linked human hands to the fins of fish. The
researchers examined a fossil of “Elpistostege”.
1. About the findings

The Elpistostege represents the pivotal stage of transition of fish into land vertebrates.
The transition was supported by the front fins of the fish called the pectoral fins. These
fins had radial bones that were arranged in a row like that of fingers. These bones should
have given the flexibility to bear weight on land.
2. Elpistostege
The Elpistostege was completely aquatic. It had a crocodile-like body, flat triangular
head, numerous teeth around jaws. The paleontologists believe that during its era,
Elpistostege was the top predator in brackish estuary ecosystem. The Elpistostege lived
during Devonian period. The four-limbed animals that evolved from these Elpistostege
were called tetrapods.
3. Devonian Period
The Devonian Period spans for 60 million years and is around 419 million years ago. It is
named after the place Devon, England where the rocks of the era were first found.
168. March 21: International Day of Forests
Every year, the United Nations celebrate International Day of Forest on March 21. The
Day is being celebrated since 2012. It aims to increase awareness and importance of
forests. The day also focuses on the significance of trees outside the forests. Also, the
day is celebrated to save forests.
1. Highlights
The idea of International Day of Forests was introduced at the 23rd General Assembly of
the European Confederation of Agriculture.
2. Why March 21?

March 21 has been chosen to mark the international day of forests as it is the vernal
Equinox in the northern hemisphere and autumnal equinox in the southern hemisphere.
The Vernal Equinox occurs when the earth enters the first spring.
3. Significance
Every year more than 13 million hectares of forests are lost. The mass deforestation
results in 12% to 18% of world carbon emission.
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169. UN Report: “Peatland” protection will help attain climate goals
The Food and Agriculture Organization operating under United Nations released a report
recently on Peatlands. The report says that though Peatlands cover only 3% of the
earth’s surface, they trigger the carbon that were locked in a few decades.

The report says that peatlands consists of 30% of world soil carbon. When they are
released, they emit greenhouse gases. They have the potential to release up to one giga
tonne of carbon.
2. What are Peatlands?

Peatlands are formed due to accumulation of decomposed plant remains. These remains
stay accumulated over thousands of years due to water-logging. In tropical climate
peatlands occur in mangrove forests. They are dominated by mosses in arctic regions.
3. Restoration Measures
Indonesia has 40% of tropical peatlands. The Indonesian Government created Peat
Ecosystem Restoration Information System (PRIMS) that provides information about
Peatlands and their restoration.
4. Peatlands in India
In India, peatlands occupy 320 square kilo metres to 1,000 square kilo metres area.
170. Parliamentary Standing Committee: No Sufficient Checks on

genuineness of Fertilizer Subsidy
On March 20, 2020, the Parliamentary Standing Committee that was set up under the
leadership of the Lok Sabha Member Kanimozhi Karunanidhi submitted its report. The
Committee was set up to check whether genuine farmers are getting fertilizer subsidy.
1. Highlights
The Report says that until December 2019, 1182.04 lakh metric tonnes of fertilizers have
been sold under Direct Benefit Transfer Scheme. Currently, the identity of the buyer or
farmer is authenticated through Aadhar-based identification, Kisan Credit Card,
biometric or voter ID.

Currently, the subsidies are paid to the fertilizer companies based on the receipts of
their sales made by the retailers to the beneficiaries. This has created a black market
and is hurting farmers badly.
3. Solution
The GoI in order to curb black marketing of fertilizer introduced Point of Sale machines
selling of fertilizers. These machines were directly connected to the central server that
captures details of every buyer. Hence, the data collected will help identify the
impersonator.
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4. Types of Fertilizers
The three major types of fertilizers used are Urea, Muriate of Potash and Diammonium
Phosphate. O all these fertilizers, urea accounts to 86%. Currently, GoI is taking several
steps to control the use of urea and replace it with NPK fertilizers.
171. US tests Hypersonic Nuclear capable missile
On March 20, 2020, the United States successfully tested nuclear capable hypersonic
missiles. The test challenges Russia’s missile testing capabilities. Recently, Russia tested
a hypersonic weapon in December 2019 and China has already showcased its DF-17
hypersonic glide vehicle.
1. Anti-Ballistic Missiles Treaty

The United States has withdrawn from anti-ballistic missiles treaty. This has paved way
for the country to conduct tests in Europe and Asia off the Russian coast.
2. Difference between Hypersonic and Ballistic Missiles

The trajectory of Hypersonic Missiles are not traceable. On the other hand, the trajectory
of the Ballistic missiles are traceable.
3. Difference Between Hypersonic Cruise Missile and Hypersonic Glider

Missiles
The trajectory of a Hypersonic Cruise Missile is placed at 20 to 30 km from the earth’s
surface and that of the the Hypersonic Glider trajectory is placed at 40 to 100 km.
172. Ministry of Health: Complaints to ICMR on misuse of Stem Cell

therapy
On March 20, 2020, the Ministry of Heath informed Lok Sabha that ICMR (Indian Council
of Medical Research) has received several complaints on misuse of stem cell therapy.
1. Highlights
The National Apex Committee operating under the ministry is evaluating the complaints.
The committee is to recommend actions against these complaints. The National Apex
Committee for Stem Cell Research and Therapy examines technical, scientific, legal and
social issues related to Stem Cell Research and therapy in Inia

According to the National Guidelines for Stem Cell Research, there are no approved stem
cell therapy other than Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT). However,
evidences have been submitted to ICMR that there are other advanced Stem Cell
therapies being conducted in India though GoI is yet to bring upon approval for such
technologies and therapies.
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3. ICMR
The ICMR is the apex body for the formulation, promotion and coordination of biomedical
research in the country. Currently, ICMR is the nodal agency that is looking after the
control of Corona Virus and the guidelines to test the virus
173. ICMR issues new guidelines to test Corona Virus in India
On March 20, 2020, the Indian Council of Medical Research issued new guidelines to test
COVID-19.
1. Highlights
The ICMR has so far been conducting tests only on symptomatic patients (persons with
symptoms of Corona Virus). However, the Council has now intensified random sampling.
This includes people exhibiting flu like symptoms. Such a step has been adopted mainly
to check if community transmission is happening.
2. Inclusions in the new testing

The Symptomatic patients in the new guidelines include all the hospitalized patients. It
also includes symptomatic health care workers. High risk contacts of the infected
persons are to be tested once in 5 days.
3. Quarantine Camp by Indian Navy

The Indian Navy has set up a quarantine camp in Vishakhapatnam. The camp has the
potential to accommodate 200 patients.
174. Bridge Constructed across Teesta River in North Sikkim by BRO

opened
On March 21, 2020, the Borders Road Organization opened a 360 feet long bridge across
Teesta river. The bridge was constructed by BRO under Project Swastik.
1. Highlights
Till date, the connectivity was routed through restricted army land. With the bridge
being opened, the army land access is to be closed for the public. The bridge will help in
increasing tourism and also help in movement of logistics of Armed Forces.
2. Teesta River
Teesta river flows through the states of West Bengal and Sikkim. It flows into Bay of
Bengal after traversing through Bangladesh. It is a tributary of the Jamuna river
(Brahmaputra).
3. Teesta River Agreement

In 1983, Teesta river sharing agreement was signed between India and Bangladesh.
According to the agreement, 39% of waters is to be shared by India and 36% water by
Bangladesh. Later in 1984, India’s share was increased to 42.5% and Bangladesh’s to
37.5%.
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4. What is the Teesta River Dispute?
In 1998, Bangladesh began the Teesta Barrage Irrigation project. With this, the farmers
of Bangladesh began enjoying 3 cropping seasons including dry seasons as well.
Currently, India is not able to provide enough Teesta waters to Bangladesh during
summer. This is because, several glaciers of the Teesta river are drying up in summers.
This is reducing flow of the river in summer. Hence, India is unable to fulfil Bangladesh
demand of more share of Teesta Water.
5. Indian Constitution
As water is state subject Central Government has no say. However, article 253 provides
powers to the Union Government to interfere in any transboundary water issue.
175. Modified Electronics Manufacturing Scheme 2.0 approved by the

Union Cabinet
On March 21, 2020, the union cabinet chaired by PM Modi approved the Modified
Electronics Manufacturing Clusters Scheme 2.0 (EMC 2.0). The scheme aims at
improving the growth of Electronics System Design and Manufacturing sector.
1. Highlights
The scheme aims at developing entrepreneurial ecosystem, increase employment
opportunities, attract investment. It will support setting up of Electronics Manufacturing
Clusters.
2. Benefits
The scheme will help in availability of ready infrastructure to attract investment in
electronics sector. It will also attract new investments in the electronics industry and
help in increasing employment opportunities.
3. Financial Assistance
The scheme is to run for 8 years. The amount allocated to the scheme is Rs 3,762.25
crores.
4. Electronic Manufacturing Cluster Scheme

Under the EMC scheme, the GoI has approved 20 Greenfield EMCs. An amount of Rs
1,557 crores have been allocated for the scheme so far. It is essential to deepen such
schemes in the country to increase electronics value chain in the country.
176. Incentive Scheme for Large Scale Electronics Manufacturing

approved by Cabinet
On March 21, 2020, the Union Cabinet under PM Modi approved the Production Incentive
Scheme for large scale manufacturing of Electronics. The main aim of the incentivisation
is to increase investments in mobile manufacturing.
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1. Benefits
The scheme aims to create more than 2 lakh jobs. The indirect employment
opportunities are expected to be three times as that of direct employment opportunities.
2. Background
It is to be noted that the finance minister Smt Nirmala Sitaraman in her previous GST
Council meet had increased the tax rate of mobiles to 18%. Also, the union budget 2020-
21 mainly aimed at “Wealth Creation”. Along with these measures, through this
incentivising scheme GoI is attracting investments.
3. Current Scenario of Electronics Market

The Electronics market in India has increased from 11 billion USD in 2015-1 to 20.8
billion USD in 2018-19. The domestic production of electronic components is around 10
billion USD. Out of this 7.7 billion USD is consumed domestically.
177. “Satyarup Siddhanta”, an Indian Mountaineer enters ‘Limca Book

of Records’ conquering highest volcanoes
The Indian Mountaineer Satyarup Siddhanta has entered ‘Limca Book of Records’. He has
set the record of becoming the first Indian to climb the highest volcanoes in the world of
all the 7 continents.
1. Highlights
The mountaineer achieved the record of climbing all the highest summits in the world in
7 continents in January 2019. He already holds Guinness Book of World Records, India
Book of Records, Asia Book of Records, British Book of records and Champion Book of
Records.
2. Summits Conquered
Satyarup Siddhanta has conquered the following highest volcanoes of 7 continents
3. Limca Book of Records

The Limca Book of Records is considered second to the World Guinness Book of Records.
It consists of achievements made by Indians inside India and also in other countries.
178. March 22: World Water Day
Every year since 1993, World Water Day is being celebrated on March 22. It is being
celebrated to spread the importance of fresh water. The day is celebrated by United
Nations as well along with various other organizations all over the world. The theme of
World Water Day is
1. Significance
The main purpose of World Water Day is to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 6.
This includes Water and Sanitation for all by 2030.
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2. Need
By 2050, more than 5.7 billion people are to live in areas where is to go scarce. The
water demand all over the world is to increase by 50% by 2040. Therefore, it is
important to mark more such events that aims at conserving water.
3. History
The day began in 1992 at the United Nations Conference on Environment and
Development. At the conference, the UN passed a resolution to observe World Water
Day. Since then several events have been added. It includes the International Year of
Cooperation in the Water Sphere, 2013. Apart from this, currently International Decade
for Action on Water for Sustainable Development (2018-28) is also being marked.
179. Domestic Manufacturing of Medical Devices approved by Cabinet
On March 21, 2020, the Union Cabinet chaired by PM Modi approved the Medical Device
Park Scheme. The scheme is to be implemented for the next five years. The GoI has
approved Rs 13,760 crores for the scheme. The amount is mainly to be used in medical
devices and drugs production.
1. Highlights
The scheme aims to boost the domestic manufacturing of medical devices in the
country. It includes setting up of medical device parks in Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Telangana
and Andhra Pradesh. Every park is to receive Rs 100 crores. The grants are to be
provided to the state and the projects are to be implemented by respective state
governments.
2. Benefits
The parks will help to reduce imports and also increase standard of medical testing. Also,
the scheme will help to reduce cost of production.
3. Background
India is the fourth largest market for medical devices in Asia. However, the domestic
medical devices industry in India is very small. India’s domestic medical devices stand at
2% of the global industry.
180. RAISE 2020: First Artificial Intelligence Summit of India postponed

due to Corona Virus
The GoI has postponed the first artificial intelligence summit of the country called RAISE
to October 2020.
1. Highlights
RAISE 2020 is Responsible AI for Social Empowerment 2020. The summit has been
postponed to contain the spread of Corona Virus in the country. It was to be conducted
between April 11, 2020 and April 12, 2020.
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2. Objective of the summit
The Summit aims to outline goals and vision of India in using Artificial Intelligence. It will
enable exchange of ideas in order to create mass awareness about the current needs of
Artificial Intelligence.
3. GoI measures
In 2019, NITI Aayog established computing platform called AIRAWAT (Artificial
Intelligence Research, Analytics and Knowledge Assimilation Platform). It is a cloud
computing platform that aims to make India a pioneer amongst emerging economies in
sectors such as agriculture, education, health, urbanization and mobility.
March 22, 2020
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181. Union Cabinet approves AYUSH Health and Wellness Centres
On March 21, 2020, the Union Cabinet approved Ayush Health and Wellness Centre
under Ayushman Bharat Mission
1. Highlights
Under the approval, an expenditure of Rs 3,395 crores have been allocated. The centres
are to be constructed within a time span of five years. On the whole, GoI has planned to
operationalise 12,500 centres.
2. Benefits
The centres will help achieve Universal Health Coverage. It will reduce the burden on
secondary and tertiary health care facilities. The centres will also help in reducing out of
pocket expenditure as it will operate on “self-care” model. It also aims to integrate with
SDG 3 as that advised by NITI Aayog.
3. Background
In 2018, the GoI announced that around 1.5 lakh Health and Wellness Centres are to be
created under Ayushman Bharat scheme. It aims to create a holistic wellness model
based on AYUSH principles.
4. Ayushman Bharat
The scheme is being implemented by the National Health Authority operating under
Ministry of Health and Farmer Welfare.
182. UK confirmed as first co-chair to India led Coalition for Disaster

Resilient Infrastructure
The United Kingdom is to co-chair India led CDRI (Global Coalition for Disaster Resilient
Infrastructure). The CDRI was established by PM Modi at the G20 meet held in 2017
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1. What is CDRI?
Currently, there is no focus being provided to building disaster-resilient infrastructure.
Currently, the focus is being provided only to natural disasters. Under this issue as base,
the CDRI will aid in reshaping construction. It will aim in building strong climate resilient
infrastructures that will reshape construction in core sectors such as energy,
transportation, telecommunication and water.
2. Significance
According to Sendai Framework, 1 USD spent in disaster risk reduction is 7 USD gained.
However, the developing countries are facing problems to balance economic investment
and disaster resilient infrastructure. CDRI will help countries in solving these problems.
3. India as world leader

India is doing so well in preventing human deaths due to disasters. India’s measures to
control Corona Virus says it all. For a country with second highest population in the
world, the spread is 0.3% which is miniscule as compared to developed countries like
USA, UK, France.
183. Facts Box: Global Recycling Day
Every year, March 18 is celebrated as Global Recycling Day. The Recyclables are called
the “Seventh Resource”. They help to save 700 million tonnes of Carbon-Dioxide every
year according to the United Nations. The Global Recycling Day is being organized by
Global Recycling Foundation. This year, it operates under the theme
1. Highlights
The Global Recycling Day is supported by the United Nations Industrial Development
Organization as well. The main aim of celebrating the day is to keep the amount of
residual waste as minimal as possible.
2. Bureau of International Recycling

The Bureau of International Recycling is a non-profit association. It aims to bring
together the recycling expertise from all over the world. It aims to lower energy
consumption, preserve planet’s natural resources.
3. Current Scenario
Today, more than 1.6 million people are employed in recycling industry. Around 20
million USD is invested in the industry.
4. What are the 6-primary resource?

With the recyclables are called the seventh resource, the other six primary resources
include water, oil, air, coal, natural gas and minerals.
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184. Facts Box: World Cities Summit
The World Cities Summit was recently postponed due to the threat of Corona Virus. The
summit that is to be held in Singapore has been postponed to June 20, 2021. The
Summit is an international conference that brings together policy makers to identify
innovative solutions to cities that are facing challenges.
1. About World Cities Summit

The World Cities Summit is biennial. It acts as a common platform for industry experts
and government leaders to address sustainable city challenges.
2. Singapore
The first summit was held in 2008. The city is just 721.5 square kilo metre in area.
However, the Gross National Income of the city is e 53,530 USD. The city has grown
rapidly since its independence. The summit helps other cities to learn live examples from
Singapore.
March 23, 2020
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185. March 23: World Meteorological Day
Every year on March 23, World Meteorological Day is celebrated. It was established in
1950. The Day is being observed by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and
also by the United Nations.
1. Highlights
Every year the WMO fixes the theme of the day. This year, the theme is aligned with the
World Water Day that is being celebrated on March 22. The theme of 2020 World
Meteorological Day is

According to the United Nations, today around 844 million people lack basic drinking
water. Every day 800 children are dying due to diarrhoea that is caused mainly due to
poor water sanitation.
186. International Olympics Organization to postpone Tokyo Olympics

2020
Recently, Greece handed over the Olympic Flame to Japan. However, due to the
increasing threats of Corona Virus, the International Olympics Committee is considering
postponement of 2020 Olympics. The organization might postpone Olympics to 2021.
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1. Highlights
The International Olympics Committee has set a time frame of 4 weeks to make a
decision about the postponement of Olympics. The Canada Government recently
announced its withdrawal from the game considering athletes safety and public health
over the COVID-19 threats. Apart from Canada, North Korea and Indonesia have
withdrawn from the game. The countries are withdrawing as the Corona cases are
touching 335,000 world-wide and countries locking up to contain the disease.
2. Olympic Flame
The Olympics Flame Symbol represents the continuity between ancient and modern
games. Every year the flame is lit at Olympia, Greece. It is then relayed to the site where
the games are to be held. This ceremony is called “Olympics Torch Relay”.
187. India-Turkey Kashmir Irritant: India proceeds with FSV Indian Navy
Agreement with Turkey
In October 2019, India had put the Fleet Vessel Ship (FVS) Agreement on hold. The
agreement was signed with Turkey to manufacture 45,000 tonne FSV at
Vishakhapatnam.
1. Highlights
India and Turkey signed the FSV agreement in 2016. FSVs are important for the Indian
Navy to transport fuel and other supplies for warships at sea.
2. Agreement
According to the 2.3 billion USD agreement, a Turkey company is to build five 45,000
tonnes Fleet Vessel Ship at HSL (Hindustan Shipyard Limited), Vishakhapatnam.
3. Controversies with Pakistan

Turkish shipyards are the major suppliers of Naval Ships to the Pakistan Navy. So far
agreements have been signed between the countries with Turkey delivering 30 T-129
helicopters, submarine fleets, etc to Pakistan.
4. Kashmir Controversy
The Turkey President in February 2020 made a comparison of Kashmiri people with that
of World War I after India abrogated Article 370. India had also voiced its opinion against
military actions of Turkey towards Syria.
188. In-Person G7 Summit Cancelled; To be held through Video-

Conferencing
The US President Donald Trump has cancelled an in-person G7 Summit and is to conduct
the summit through video conferencing. This is being done due to the increasing threat
of Corona Virus.
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1. What is G7?
The G7 organization is made up of the largest economies of the world namely France,
Canada, US, UK, Italy, Japan and Germany. They contribute to 45% of world’s GDP.
Hence, decisions taken at G7 is highly essential and has great impacts over the global
trade.
2. Why is China not a member?

The G7 Groupings believe that though China is the second largest economy in the world,
it relatively has low level of wealth per head population. This means that China is not an
advanced economy according to the G7 members.
3. Criticisms faced by G7
Recently, G7 has faced several disagreements after President Trump initiated clashes
with the other members over actions on climate change and imports at 2019 summit in
Canada.
189. Website launched by SAARC Disaster Management Centre for

COVID-19 information
The Disaster Management Centre of South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
has launched a website related to COVID-19. The website shows number of Corona virus
Cases in member states.
1. Highlights
According to the website, currently there are 960 cases of Corona Virus in the SAARC
region. Recently the SAARC leaders held a video conference to contain the spread of
Corona Virus. During the Conference, PM Modi had launched SAARC COVID-19
Emergency Funds
2. SAARC COVID-19 Emergency Funds

India had extended 1 million USD towards SAARC COVID-19 emergency funds. Also,
Bhutan, Nepal and Maldives have contributed to the funds as well.
3. SAARC Disaster Management Centre

The SAARC Disaster Management Centre was established in the premise of Gujarat
Institute of Disaster Management in 2016. The centre provides training and capacity
building services. IT also facilitates information exchanges between the SAARC members
for their effective disaster risk management. The SAARC Members include Bangladesh,
Bhutan, Nepal, India, Maldives, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Sri Lanka.
190. IITM hosts India’s first Hyperloop Pod Competition-What is

Hyperloop Pod?
For the first time in India IIT Madras is to host Hyperloop pod competition in July 2020.
India has taken a few steps in bringing the environment friendly Hyperloop pod transport
in the country.
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1. Highlights
The Hyperloop Pod Transportation Project was approved by the Maharashtra
Government to build the first Hyperloop line between Pune and Mumbai. Similarly,
another project of Hyperloop pod transport has been undertaken between the cities of
Vijayawada and Amaravati.
2. International Competition
The International Competition of Hyperloop Pod Contest was initiated in 2015. The
Competition is funded by SpaceX, a leading Space organization of USA.
3. What is Hyperloop Pod?

The Hyperloop is a sealed loop through which a pod travels. The travel time of the pod is
greatly reduced as the pod travels in the tube without air resistance. It is a proposed
freight and passenger transport system.
4. The Technology
Hyperloop pod works on the same concept of maglev trains where the trains levitate
over the tracks with the help of electro-magentic energy. The only difference here is that
unlike maglev trains, the pods will run in a partial vacuum environment increasing the
speeds and efficiency.
191. March 23: Shaheed Diwas
Every year, March 23rd is celebrated as Shaheed Diwas or Martyr’s Day. The Day is
observed to commemorate the courage and heroism of three great young leaders
Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev Thapar and Shivaram Rajguru.
1. Highlights
The Day is also celebrated as Martyr’s Day in the country. Several Schools and Colleges
pay tribute and express their gratitude on this day.
2. Bhagat Singh
Bhagat Singh was born in 1907. He popularised the phase “Inquilab Zindabad”. This
means Long Live Revolution.
3. Other Martyr’s Day Observed in India

On January 30, India observes Martyrs Day to mark the assassination of Mohandas
Karamchand Gandhi. On May 19, Language Martyr’s Day is marked in the memory of 15
Bengalis who sacrificed their lives in Bengali Language Movement
192. ICMR recommends Hydroxychloroquine to treat Corona Virus
The Indian Council of Medical Research had constituted a National Task Force to fight
against COVID-19. The task force has recommended the use of Hydroxychloroquine to
treat Corona Virus.
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1. Highlights
According to the task force, the Hydroxychloroquine can be used to treat asymptomatic
health care workers. It shall be used to treat health care workers and household contacts
of the patients who are asymptomatic.
2. Hydroxychloroquine
The drug shall be provided to patients only through prescriptions. GoI recommends the
use of Pharmacovigilance Programme of India app or helpline. The app allows self-
reporting of the drug reactions. Also, while taking the drug, the asymptomatic contacts
should maintain a self-quarantine.
3. Why Hydroxychloroquine?
The drug is usually prescribed to malaria patients. However, it is currently being used as
an experimental treatment of COVID-19. Both South Korea and Italy have been using the
drug to contain the spread of COVID-19. The US has also confirmed the efficiency of the
in curing the disease in its early stages.
193. Finance Bill, 2020 passed in Lok Sabha
On March 23, 2020, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitaraman introduced the Finance Bill,
2020. The bill was introduced and passed in Lok Sabha without any discussion.
1. Key Features of the Bill

The bill provides the financial proposals of the fiscal year 2020-21. With the bill being
passes, the proposals made under the Union Budget 2020-21 has come into effect. The
GOI proposed to spend Rs 30,42,230 crores of rupees in the financial year 2020-21. This
is 12.7% more than the revised estimate of 2019-20.
2. NRI
Several amendments have been made to the bill. The passed bill withdrew certain
features that affected non-resident Indians. It includes NRIs with income more than 15
lakhs from business owned by them in India will fall under tax net. However, their global
income is not to be taxed.
194. United Nations Warns: 4.4 billion people to live with limited water
by 2050
On World Water Day, the United Nations warned that 3.5 to 4.4 billion people are to live
with limited access to water by 2050. Of these more than 1 billion are to live in major
cities.
1. Highlights
The United Nations also said that today there are 2.2 billion people in the world lacking
safe drinking water. Around 4.2 billion of global population are living without adequate
sanitation. The data was provided by the UN Secretary General Antonio Gueterres at a
press meet.
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2. Recommendations
The United Nations Suggests that the member countries should pay attention to climate
risks at all the levels of water management. Also, they should increase their investments
towards climate resilient water storage infrastructure.
195. March 24: World Tuberculosis Day
Every year, March 24 is marked as the World Tuberculosis Day. The idea was proposed
by International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (IUATLD). The day is also
marked by the World Health Organization (WHO).
1. Highlights
The Day is being marked to raise public awareness about the devastating social and
economic impacts caused by the disease. The Theme of 2020 World Tuberculosis Day is
2. Significance
According to the United Nations, every day around 4,000 people lose their lives due to
Tuberculosis. Also, around 30,000 people fall ill due to the disease.
3. Why March 24?

Every year, March 24 is being marked as World Tuberculosis Day Dr Robert Koch
announced the discovery of the bacterium causing Tuberculosis on the very same day.
When Koch made the announcement, the disease was deadly and was killing one out of
seven people in Europe and America.
196. Land Acquired from Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh Defence
Corridors to increase Defence Production
On March 23, 2020, the Defence Ministry announced in the Parliament that it has
acquired land from the State Governments of Uttar Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. As Land is
state subject, it is important for the centre to acquire land from the state government for
development projects.
1. Highlights
The GoI is planning to increase Defence Exports to 5 billion USD in next five years. In
order to achieve this, the Government is expanding its investment opportunities. Thus, it
has acquired land from the state governments in their respective defence corridors. The
land acquired from Tamil Nadu so far is 1,182 hectares and from Uttar Pradesh is 1,537
hectares.
2. Policy initiatives in Defence Manufacturing

The GoI has taken several initiatives to increase manufacturing in Defence Sector. They
are as follows
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197. National Super Computing Mission: Three More Super Computers to
be installed
The National Super Computer Mission was launched by the GoI in 2015. Today India has
5 Super Computers that are ranked within top 500 list of Super Computers in the World
1. Top 5 Super Computers in India

The Super Computer (Pratyush) at Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology India is
ranked 39th, National Centre for Medium Weather Forecasting has been ranked 66th,
etc. The first rank Super Computer is located in Ridge National Laboratory, US called
Summit.
2. Highlights
The mission is jointly operated by Ministry of Electronics and IT, C-DAC, Ministry of
Science and Technology and IISc, Bengaluru. So far under the mission, “Param Shivay”
was installed in IIT Bhuvaneshwar, Param Brahma and Param Shakti installed in IISER,
Pune and IIT-Kharagpur.
3. 2020-21 Targets
This year is highly important for the mission. This is because, 11 new systems are to be
installed in NITs, IITs and IISERs by December 2020. Three more Super Computers are to
be installed at IIT-Kanpur, IIT-Hyderabad and JN Centre for Advanced Scientific Research
by April 2020.
March 24, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
198. Public Safety Act: Former CM of J&K Omar Abdullah released
On March 24, 2020, Former Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir Omar Abdullah was
released from detention after 7 months. He was booked under Public Safety Act and was
kept under detention since August, 2020.
1. Highlights
When the GoI abrogated Article 370 in Jammu and Kashmir, Union Government had kept
several local leaders of the state under detention.
2. Public Safety Act, 1978

The act is a preventive detention law. Under the act, any person can be taken into
custody in order to prevent them from acting harmful against the security of the state.
The act applies only to the state of Jammu and Kashmir. It was introduced by the then
Chief Minister Sheikh Abdullah.
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199. Finance Minister on COVID-19: Tax Filings extended, ATM, bank
charges waived off, Business Rules Eased and much more
On March 24, 2020, the Finance Minister Nirmala Sitaraman announced several key
measures in the view of Corona Virus Pandemic. The minister also announced that the
Economic Task Force is to announce Economic Relief Package to contain the spread of
the disease.
1. Financial Measures
No charges on withdrawal of cash in bank ATMs. Also, the digital charges on trade
transactions have been reduced. This is being done to ease burden on customers in
need of urgent cash and also to avoid overcrowding in bank branches.
2. Tax Measures
The PAN card and Aadhaar card linking were extended to June 30. The Vivaad Se
Vishwas Scheme that was launched by the Finance Minister during the Budget Session
has been extended to June 30. The Compliances under Wealth Tax act, Income Tax Act,
Black Money Act, Benami Transaction Act and Vivaad Se Vishwas have also been
extended to June 30.
3. Other Measures
The GST returns, Sabka Vishwas scheme filing dates have also been extended to March
31.
200. What is the difference between lockdown, Curfew and Section 144?
With COVID-19 spreading in India, GoI has ruled curfew in some areas, Section-144 in
some other areas and lock down in many other areas. These measures are being done to
contain the spread of the virus.
1. Lock Down
The action is called Lock Down when there are restrictions on assembly. However,
essential services are available in these situations. The Lock Down shall be enforced by a
collector or the chief medical officer. The chief Medical Officer shall enforce Lock Down
according to Epidemic Diseases Act, 1897. With Lock Down being imposed five or more
people are not allowed to assemble.
2. Section 144
The action is called Section 144, when the assembly of people are prohibited abiding to
Indian Penal Code. Under Section 144, more than 5 people are not allowed to assemble.
3. Curfew
The action is called Curfew when Section 144 is imposed along with the shutdown of
essential services. The Curfew powers lies with Collector and Police Commissioner.
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201. Labour Ministry transfers Cess Funds for the Construction Workers
to fight against COVID-19
On March 24, 2020, the Ministry of Labour and Employment transferred funds to the
account of construction workers in the backdrop of outbreak of COVID-19.
1. Highlights
The Labour Ministry has directed the state governments and Union Territories to transfer
Rs 52,000 crores to the accounts of construction workers. Around 3.5 crore workers who
were registered with the Construction Welfare Boards were benefitted under this.
2. Legislation
The step has been taken by the Ministry according to the ruling under Section 60 of
Building and Other construction Workers Act, 1996 (BOCW Cess Act). Also, the Cess
funds are allowed to be collected under BOCW Cess Act.
3. BOCW Cess Act

Under the act, the cess is collected from every employer working in construction work of
Government or other Public Sector undertaking. It is collected by the state Government.
4. What is Cess?
In Colonial India, Cess was a taxation prefix. For instance, it was collected as irrigation-
cess, education-cess, etc. In modern India, it refers to tax collected for a specific
purpose.
202. GoI: Invest India Business Immunity Platform launched
On March 24, 2020, the India’s National Investment Promotion and Facilitation Agency
called the Invest India launched “The Invest India Business Immunity Platform”. The
platform is to operate on the website of Invest India.
1. Highlights
The platform is to give real time updates about India’s response and actions against
Corona Virus. It will provide latest initiatives of the central and state governments to
combat the virus. It is to operate 24/7 under dedicated expertise.
2. Significance
The spread of the virus has disrupted normal life of the people in the country. The GoI is
providing several guidelines in order to minimize its impacts and crisis, especially on the
business sector. The platform will act as a source of information to learn about such
steps and keep businesses running under normalcy.
203. New Hanta Virus Emerges in China after COVID-19
A man in Yunnan Province of China has tested positive for Hanta Virus. He died shortly
after he was tested positive for the virus on March 23, 2020.
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1. About Hanta Virus
The Hanta Virus, also called the Orthohanta virus spreads through rats. It causes
hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome according to Centre for Disease Control and
Prevention. It transits through urine, droppings, saliva of rodents. The virus enters
humans through their nose, mouth or eyes.
2. Spread of the virus

The virus does not spread from person-to-person. Rather, it spreads when a person
comes in direct contact with the bodily fluids of the rodents carrying the virus. It also
spreads through bites of the rats.
3. Current Challenges
The virus is not something newly discovered. It exists since a long period of time.
However, the virus is challenging for the current situation as its symptoms are very
similar to that of Corona Virus, Pneumonia, Flu.
204. Four Mega Trials of COVID-19 Treatment launched by WHO
The World Health Organization recently launched a mega trial of four most promising
corona virus treatments. The organization focuses on repurpose drugs that have already
been approved to be safe rather than finding new compounds from the scratch.
1. What are the four trials?

The WHO is testing four most promising treatments to combat the virus. It includes
2. Remdesivir
The drug was found to treat E-Bola viral infections. The E-bola outbreak broke out in
Congo. The drug has been proved that it inhibits other Corona Virus Stains called SARS
and MERS.
3. Chloroquine and HydroxyCholoroquine

This combination that is used to treat Malaria is another method that is being put under
trial to treat Corona Virus. These drugs are being prescribed in India currently for the
asymptomatic persons that come in direct contact with the persons infected with the
virus.
4. Lopinavir and Ritonavir

The drugs were invented in the US in 2000. They have shown great efficacy in persons
infected with MERS virus.
205. IMF: Recession due to COVID-19 to be worse than 2009
On March 24, 2020, the International Monetary Fund announced that the recession to be
caused due to Corona Virus is to be worse than the 2009. IMF has specifically warned the
G20 nations that the current economic outlook is towards negative. The G20 nations are
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to hold a virtual summit in a week to come out with a global solution to combat Corona
Virus.
1. Highlights
The IMF says that currently the shutdown has now brought the world to 1.5% downturn.
Marking this, the investors have already removed their investments from emerging
markets. And this has accounted to 83 billion USD.
2. IMF Relief Measures

In order to fight Corona Virus, IMF is to deploy 1 trillion USD. More than 80 countries
have requested emergency funds from IMF.
3. 2008 Crisis
During the 2008 Financial Crisis, the Global Economy had contracted to 0.6% in 2009
according to IMF. However, the emerging markets like India and China were growing
rapidly.
206. India goes on Complete LOCKDOWN to fight COVID-19; allocates Rs

15,000 crores
On March 24, 2020, PM Modi announced that Government of India has allocated Rs
15,000 crores to fight against Corona Virus. The Fund is to be used to increase health
infrastructure in the country. This includes testing kits, beds and training professionals to
combat the disease.
1. Highlights
The allocated funds are also to be used in procurement of personal protective equipment
for health care workers. The Prime Minister has also announced complete lock down of
the country for 21 days.
2. What are excluded in the Lock Down?

The Union Home Ministry has listed the commercial establishments that will continue to
operate during the lock down. It includes power generation units, petrol pumps, cold
storage units, private security agencies, food, medical equipment and pharmaceuticals.
3. Recent GoI Measures

The GoI has taken several measures to contain the spread of the virus. It had invoked
the Disaster Management Act, 2005. The COVID-19 was listed as “notified Disaster”.
Also, the Epidemics Diseases Act, 1897 was invoked. Ban on exports of sanitizers, face
masks were imposed.
March 25, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
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207. India’s first COVID-19 dedicated hospital set up by Reliance India in
Mumbai with Negative Room Pressure
On March 23, 2020, Reliance had set up the first hospital of India that will operate
exclusively to treat Corona Virus patients.
1. Highlights
The Reliance Group of Companies in collaboration with Brihanmumbai Municipal
corporation has set up a COVID-19 Centre at the Seven Hills Hospital in Mumbai. The
centre is completely supported by Reliance Foundation. It has all required infrastructure
including a negative pressure room. The Negative Room Pressure technology is used to
isolate patients.
2. Negative Pressure Room

The Negative Pressure Room is a technique in medical centres that prevent cross-
contamination. This allows air to flow into the room and prevents air from escaping out
of the room.
3. How is the pressure determined in the technology?

Smoke test is used to determine negative pressure. A tube with smoke is held at the
bottom of the negative pressure room door. The direction of travel of the smoke helps to
determine the working of the system. If the smoke travels outwards, the room is not in
negative pressure.
208. What are the Bio-Safety Levels of Containment in India?
The National Centre for Disease Control provides four levels of Bio-Safety to be followed
in India.
1. What is Bio-Safety?
Bio-Safety is the principle used to contain the spread of pathogens and toxins. This is not
for the safety of the institutions working with the pathogens. However, the safety levels
are implemented to safeguard the public from being infected.
2. What are the Bio-Safety Levels?

There are four Bio-Safety levels. It includes
209. Abel Prize, 2020 to Hillel Frustenberg and Gregory Margulis
The Norwegian Academy of Science is to award the Abel Prize for the year 2020 to the
two great mathematicians Hillel Frustenberg and Gregory Margulis. They are being
honoured for their work towards probability and dynamics in number theory,
combinatorics and Group Theory.
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1. Hillel Frustenberg
He is an American-Israeli mathematician at Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He was born
in Germany. His family escaped to the US before the outbreak of Second World War. An
additive number theory has been named after him as Frustenberg-Sarkozy theorem. He
has also won the Wolf Prize in Mathematics
2. Gregory Margulis
He is a Russian-American mathematician. He is known for his works on lattices. He has
received the Fields medal, wolf prize and the Able prize becoming the fifth person to
receive all the three prizes.
3. Abel Prize
The Abel Prize is a Norwegian prize that is being presented annually by the King of
Norway. Every Abel Prize recipient is awarded with 7.5 million Norwegian Kroner.
210. First “Made in India” COVID-19 Test Kit gets commercial approval
from CDSCO
A Pune based testing services MyLab has become the first Indian company to get an
commercial approval from CDSCO for the sales of COVID-19 testing kits sale.
1. About the Kit

The kit was developed by MyLab testing services. The testing time of COVID-19 in
current lab testing services is 4 hours. However, MyLAb’s testing time is 2 ½ hours. The
laboratory is to sell the kits at Rs 1,200 to Rs 1,500 per test. Currently, the Government
of India has fixed the cap price of COVID-19 as Rs 4,500. No laboratory in India can
charge more than this fixed amount to test the COVID-19. The move was made after the
Indian Government allowed the private organizations to test for the virus.
2. Significance
Currently, India ranks lowest in testing of COVID-19 virus. Currently India is testing only
15 people in 1 million.
211. What is Thermal Screening used at airports for COVID-19?
Thermal Screening are being used at airports to check COVID-19 virus. The numbers
infected in India has reached 500 and India has entered into complete lock down for 21
days to contain the disease.
1. What is Thermal Screening?

Thermal screening is a process that detects radiation emitted by an object with
increased temperature. When a person has fever, his temperature levels shoot up and
thermal screening helps to detect them. When the temperature of an object increases,
the radiations emitted by them also increases.
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2. Current Issues
The Thermal scanners that are used at airports and sea ports to screen passengers
entering India should be held at 1 to 3 cm distance. If not positioned accurately, the air
temperature would have impacts on the recorded temperature. The devices are
currently being operated by security personnel at many places and not a trained
professional. This creates possibilities of errors.
2.1. Usage of Infrared Thermometers

The usage of Infrared thermometers for humans is banned in India. They are however
used in coal mines. As these thermometers use Laser technology, they are harmful and
hence are banned in the country. Today, such thermometers have entered for human
usages as the demand for thermal screening has increased. The thermal screening
medical devices that are usually imported by India are stuck at ports due to lock down.
212. 7.5 magnitude Earth Quake hits Russia; 0.3m high Tsunami Waves
expected
On March 25, 2020, 7.5 magnitude earthquake hit northern Pacific. The quake was 37
miles deep and stuck the eastern Kuril Islands of Russia.
1. Highlights
The Pacific Tsunami Warning Centre has warned hazardous Tsunami waves n the coasts
of the Kuril Islands. However, the waves are to be less than 30 centimetres in high.
2. Kuril Islands
The Kuril Islands are a volcanic Archipelago that separates Sea of Okhotsk from the
Pacific Ocean. The islands are currently under Russian Administration. However, claims
of Japan over 4 southern most islands of the Archipelago have led to the ongoing Kuril
Islands Dispute.
3. Ring of Fire
The Ring of Fire is the areas of Pacific Ocean where several volcanic eruptions and
earthquakes occur. There are more than 452 volcanos in the region. This accounts to
75% of world’s volcanos. Also, 91% of world earthquakes occur in the region.
213. G20 Video Summit on Corona Virus
The Saudi Arabian King Salman is to chair the G20 summit on Corona Virus through a
video conference. The Summit is to be held on March 26, 2020. The summit becomes
significant as several international organizations are to participate in the summit.
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1. International Organizations
Several worldwide international organizations are to participate in the summit. It
includes WHO (World Health Organization), FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization),
WTO (World Trade Organization), IMF (International Monetary Fund), ASEAN (Association
of South East Asian Nations), Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development,
Gulf Cooperation Council and NEPAD (New Partnership for Africa’s Development).
2. Significance
From India, PM Modi is to attend the summit. The leaders will strategize methodology to
combat virus. The global growth for the year is negative according to IMF. The recession
is to bring about the biggest financial crisis in history. G20 suggests “A Moment for
Solidarity” in this situation. The finance ministers of G20 had already held a meeting
under this theme virtually.
214. E-Commerce Giants: Flipkart suspends services, Amazon stops

taking new orders
The E-Commerce Giants Flipkart and Amazon has temporarily stopped their services in
India following lock down in the country.
1. Highlights
While Flipkart has suspended its services completely, Amazon is to follow on pending
orders alone. It will temporarily stop taking new orders. All the grocery deliveries are
also to be suspended.
2. Impacts
Today around 40% of the Indian Population uses E-Commerce sites to make their
purchases. India has the second largest user base in the world after China. The E-
Commerce market in India has grown from 3.9 billion USD in 2009 to 38.5 billion USD in
2018.
215. Islamic State claims responsible for Gunmen attack in Sikh

Gurudwara, Kabul
On March 25, 2020, 11 people were killed in a terror attack that targeted a
“Dharmashala” in Kabul. The Dharamshala is reported to have sizeable number of Hindu
and Sikh minorities. The Islamic State Organization has claimed to take responsibility to
the attack.
1. Highlights
Around 150 were praying in the Gurudwara when it was attacked. The Shor Bazar area of
Kabul, where the attack took place was once home to several Gurudwaras. However,
many were destroyed during fighting in 1980s.
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The Conflict between Afghan Muslims and Sikhs has routes to 18th century. The conflict
began with series of wars between Islamic Durrani Empire in Afghanistan and Sikh
Empire in Punjab. The conflicts existed since the days of Dal Khalsa. Dal Khalsa is a Sikh
Army that operated in 18th century.
216. GoI develops new biofortified high protein wheat variety
The scientists of Agharkar Research Institute (Pune), operating under Department of

Science and Technology (DST) have developed biofortified high quality wheat. The new
variety is MACS 4028
1. Highlights
The new wheat variety has 14.7% better nutritional quality, 40.3 ppm of iron content
and high milling quality. The new variety is semi-dwarf and matures in 102 days. Also, it
has high yielding ability of 19.3 quintals per hectare.
2. Role of UNICEF
The MACS 4028 was supported by UNICEF funds to alleviate malnutrition in India. Now
the new wheat variety will help boost Vision 2022 of India which is, “Kuposhan Mukt
Bharat” (National Nutrition Strategy).
3. Significance
The Indian Council of Medical Research has been constantly making efforts to develop
high-yielding, early mature, drought-tolerant, disease resistant varieties. MAC 4028 is an
outcome of those initiatives. The Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley research operating
under ICMR has launched All India coordinated Wheat and Barley improvement
programme to develop more such varieties.
217. MoU between India and Germany approved by Union Cabinet
On March 25, 2020, the Union Cabinet chaired by PM Modi approved MoU signed
between India and Germany. The MoU was signed between Ministry of Railways and DB
Engineering and Consulting GMBH of Germany. The Memorandum was signed in
February 2020 and will facilitate technological cooperation in Railway sector.
1. Key Highlights of the MoU

The technological cooperation under the MoU will facilitate freight operations including
automotive transport, cross-border transport and logistics. It will also help in
infrastructure building. This includes new dedicated freight corridors and building of new
passenger trains.
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2. Background
The Ministry of Railways is in the mode of modernization of Railway sector. In order to
achieve this, the Ministry has signed several agreements, memorandum of cooperation,
technical cooperation, with foreign governments. Through these measures, the ministry
aims to achieve high speed rails, increasing speed of existing routes, modernization of
rail infrastructure and development of world class stations.
218. Sikkim Glaciers are being lost at faster rate than other parts of
Himalayan parts
The Scientists of Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun conducted a study

and have found that glaciers in Sikkim region are melting at faster rates as compared to
other Himalayan regions.
1. Key Findings
The study has assessed around 23 glaciers and their spread since 1991 to 2015. The
larger glaciers are thinning in size and smaller glaciers are retreating. During these
years, major shift in behavior was noted since 2000. Since 2000, the western and central
Himalayan glaciers have sowed reduced melting. Whereas in case of Sikkim Glaciers, the
melting rate has increased. Summer temperature increase is the main reason for glacier
changes.
2. Study-First of its Kind

This study is the first in India to study about multiple parameters of glaciers namely
length, Debris cover, area, glacial lakes, snow line altitude.
3. Wadia Institute of Himalayan Technology

The Institute operates under Department of Science and Technology. It was established
in 1968. The institute provides advisory and consultancy services to various
organizations. It also gives advises on geotechnical feasibility of hydel projects, their
foundation and site selection.
219. Union Cabinet approves extra supply of subsidized Food Grains to

Ration Shops
On March 25, 2020, the Union Cabinet approved extra supply of food grains via rations
shops. The monthly quota of subsidized food grains is to be increased from 2 kg to 7 kg.
The step has been taken to help people during the lock down.
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1. Highlights
The GoI has decided to provide 7 kg of food grains per person during the lock down. This
will benefit more than 80 crore people in the country. Also, the food grains are to be
provided at subsidized rates. The cost of wheat was Rs 27 per kg and is now to be sold
at Rs 2 per kg. The cost of rice is about Rs 32 per kg and is to be sold at Rs 3 per kg.
Currently, GoI is providing food grains at subsidized rates under National Food Security
Act.
2. National Food Security Act

The act aims to provide nutritional security. It provides coverage up to 75% of rural
population and 50% of urban population.
March 26, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
220. Recapitalization of Regional Rural Banks approved by Union Cabinet
The Union Cabinet under the chairmanship of PM Modi on March 25, 2020, approved the
recapitalization of regional rural banks (RRB) to improve the capital to risk weighted
assets ratio.
1. Highlights
The Committee approved the continuation of recapitalization of RRBs. In order to
achieve this the GoI has provided a minimum regulatory capital for another, 2020-21.
The recapitalization funds are being allocated to those banks that are unable to maintain
minimum CRAR (Capital to Risk weighted Assets Ratio) of 9%. The CRAR for a bank is
fixed by RBI.
2. Benefits
An improved CRAR will help the rural banks to meet their credit requirements in rural
areas. The RRBs should allocate 75% of their credit to priority sector lending. The RRBs
focus on small and marginal farmers, micro and small enterprises, weaker sections of
the society and rural artisans
3. Scheme of Recapitalization
The Scheme of Recapitalization of RRBs was launched in 2011. It was launched on the
recommendation of Dr K C Chakrabarty Committee.
221. Census 2021 and NPR updation postponed due to COVID-19

pandemic
The GoI had planned to conduct Census 2021 in two phases. The first phase was
scheduled between April-September 2020 and the second phase was scheduled in
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February 2021. Also, the updation of NPR has also been postponed due to the spread of
Corona Virus.
1. National Population Register

The NPR updation was scheduled to be conducted along with Census 2021. It is to be
conducted by the office of Registrar General of India operating under Ministry of Home
Affairs. Assam was the only state that was to be kept out of the NPR process as updation
of the register for the state of Assam was done under National Register of Citizens.
2. Background
The data for NPR was first collected in 2010 along with Census 2011. The data was
further updated in 2015 under a door-to-door survey. The NPR collects biometric and
demographic data. The Biometric data is to be updated through Aadhar details. This is
the first time NPR is collecting biometric data. Earlier in 2010, only demographic details
were collected. Later in 2015, the data was updated with Aadhaar, ration card numbers
and mobile numbers.
222. “Stay Home India with Books” initiative launched by GoI
On March 25, 2020, the National Book Trust functioning under Ministry of Human
Resources and Development launched Stay Home India with Books initiative. Under the
initiative more than 100 books can be downloaded from the NBT website.
1. Highlights
With Lock Down ruled by GoI to contain the spread of Corona Virus, the Ministry of HRD
has uploaded more than 100 books in the NBT website to help people spend quality time
during holidays. According to the ministry, majority of the books uploaded are children
books. Apart from these, the other books include activity-based learning science, women
scientists in India, Gandhi: Warrior of Non-Violence and many more.

The National Book Trust was founded in 1957. The trust activities include publishing,
promotion of Indian books, children literature, etc.
223. GoI: Technology developed to improve Fuel Efficiency of Internal

Combustion Engines
The International Advanced Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials (ARCI)
operating under Department of Science and Technology, Government of India has
developed a technology to improve fuel efficiency of internal combustion engines.
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1. Highlights
The technology improves the fuel efficiency by reducing friction in the engines. This has
been achieved through Laser surface micro-texturing. In this technology, the friction is
controlled by controlling the size, density and shape of the micro-surface texture
features. Such a texture is created by using a pulsating laser beam. The beam creates
micro-dimples, grooves on the surface of the materials. These Grooves trap debris that
usually increase friction and thereby wear and tear.
2. About the model

The texture has been created on internal combustion engine components such as
cylinder liners and piston rings. The model was tested at the ARCI lab under difference
speeds and also at different temperatures of lubrication oil and coolant.
224. Sunil Chhetri, Indian Football team Captain named for FIFA’s
COVID-19 Campaign
The World Governing body FIFA (Federation Internationale de Football Association or

International Federation of Association Football) has selected Indian Football Captain
Sunil Chhetri among 28 other stars for its campaign. The campaign is to combat COVID-
19.
1. Highlights
The FIFA has joined hands with the World Health Organization to launch an awareness
campaign to combat Corona Virus. The campaign is to call people all over the world to
stop the spread of the disease.
2. Campaign
The campaign is called “Pass the message to kick out Corona Virus”. The campaign is to
spread five key steps that are in line with WHO guidance. It includes hand washing, not
touching the face, coughing etiquette, physical distance and staying home.
225. Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Ann Yojana launched to fight COVID-
19
On March 26, 2020, the Finance Minister Nirmala Sitaraman launched Pradhan Mantri
Garib Kalyan Ann Yojana. The scheme is an economic help package for people in the
country to fight against COVID-19 and its effects. Around 1.7 lakh crore has been
allocated under the package.
1. Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Ann Yojana

Under the scheme, around 80 crore people are to get 5 kg of free rice and wheat for the
next three months. This is additional to the already allotted 5 kg of subsidized rice and
wheat. Along with this, they will also get 1 kg of free pulses per household. The scheme
will provide insurance cover for doctors, sanitation workers, nurses, paramedics and
other staffs working on the front line in the fight against the virus.
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2. Pradhan Mantri Ujjawala Yojana
The scheme is to offer free cylinders under the Pradhan Mantri Ujjawala Scheme. This
will benefit around 8.3 crore Below Poverty Line Families.
3. MNREGA
The economic package has increased daily wages of MNREGA from Rs 182 to Rs 202.
This is to benefit 5 crore workers.
4. Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana

Under the scheme, women account holders will receive Rs 500 per month for the next
three months. Under this step, around 20 crore account holders are to be benefitted.
226. UN launches Global Humanitarian Response Plan to fight against

COVID-19
On March 25, 2020, the United Nations launched Global Humanitarian Response Plan to
fight against COVID-19. The organization has allocated 2 billion USD to implement the
plan. The plan has been launched in 51 countries of Africa, South America, Middle East
and also Asia.
1. Highlights
The plan is to be implemented by the United Nations in direct collaboration with
international NGOs. Under the plan, the organization is to deliver essential medical
supplies and laboratory equipment to test the virus. It is to install hand washing stations
in different settlements.
2. Significance
The plan is to target poor countries that lack widely spread health initiatives. The virus
has so far killed 16,000 and has infected more than 400,000. It has spread across the
entire world and is now spreading to countries that are already facing humanitarian
concerns.
227. COVID-19: International Monetary Fund launches Government

Policy Tracker
The International Monetary Fund recently launched the “IMF Policy Tracker”. The
platform will provide all the key economic responses launched by Governments all over
the world to fight against Corona Virus.
1. Highlights
Currently, the virus has spread to almost all parts of the world and the measures taken
by the Governments to tackle the situation might become inadequate. The platform thus
will help fill in gaps and learn from each other’s experience. It will also help governments
adopt successful innovate approaches implemented on other parts of the world.
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2. Significance
The tracker is to be updated based on the press release of the IMF Communication
Department.
3. Key Features of the Tracker

The tracker will summarize key economic measures taken by the governments in
different parts of the world. The tracker claims that it cannot be used for comparisons of
measures in different countries. Rather, the tracker is to be used to learn the
adaptations. This is because, policy responses vary based on the nature of the crisis.
228. CII sets up COVID-19 Rehabilitation and Relief Fund
The Confederation of Indian Industries has set up funds to assist rehabilitation of micro,
small and medium enterprises. The fund is to be raised from the members of the
confederation.
1. Highlights
The MSMEs are the most affected sectors due to the outbreak of Corona Virus. This is
mainly because of the steps taken to contain the virus like Lock Down, travel bans,
closure of theatres, malls and educational institutions.
2. GoI Measures
The GoI has allowed late repayment of loans by the MSMEs. The Government will
suspend Section 7, Section 9 and Section 10 of the IBC code for six months if the
situation is to continue till April 30, 2020.
2.1. Section 7
Under Section 7 of the Insolvency Bankruptcy Code, the creditor or the Government may
file an application to initiate insolvency procedure.
2.2. Section 9
Corporate Insolvencies are initiated under this section
2.3. Section 10
The section gives powers to defaulting company to approach an adjudicating authority to
declare it insolvent.
229. Election Ink allowed to stamp Corona Patients
The Election Commission recently allowed the use of Election ink for stamping “home
quarantined” on infected or symptomatic patients. The Corona Virus infected patients
are to be stamped on hands. The ink is also called indelible ink, election ink, phosphoric
ink, electoral ink.
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1. Election Ink
The ink is semi-permanent. It is used during elections to prevent the fraud of double
voting. Election ink uses silver nitrate and hence excessive exposure to the ink causes
argyria. The ink was first used in 1962 elections.
2. What is Home Quarantine?

Quarantine is a latin word. It means 40 days. During old times, ships that were
suspected to have germs or disease causing pathogens spread all over were put in the
sea away from the port for 40 days. This was first brought up in Britain. Britain adopted
the method especially when there was plague spread all over.
March 27, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
230. G20 Summit: 5 trillion USD to be injected to fight against COVID-19
On March 27, 2020, the G20 video summit was chaired by the Saudi king Salman. As a
member of G20, India was represented by PM Modi. At the summit, the leaders pledged
to infuse 5 trillion USD into the global economy.
1. Highlights
The summit was first of its kind with the leaders attending through video conferencing.
At the summit, the leaders committed themselves to restore global health. With the
global economic rate slowing down, the 5 trillion USD is to be used to counteract social
and economic impacts.
2. Solutions
The members are to work on a transparent, coordinated and science based global
response. The manufacturing capacity of medical supplies are to be increased to make
sure they are available at affordable prices.
3. G20 Summit
The G20 Summit was to be held under the leadership of Saudi Arabia in November 21-
22, 2020. Saudi has chosen the theme
231. United Nations: 25 million jobs to be lost due to COVID-19 impact
The United Nations has estimated that around 25 million jobs are to be lost due to the
COVID-19 impacts.
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1. Highlights
The organization reported that the economic and human lockdown is bringing in on a
global economic break down. Around 3.3 million Americans have applied for
unemployment benefits. Italy, one of the most affected countries has shut down most of
its industries.
2. Italy
Italy is the third largest economy in the continent of Europe. It is the major exporter of
textiles, machinery and has now become the first developed country to become idle.
3. Other Developments
Saudi Arabia has gone into a complete lock down including the holy cities Mecca and
Medina. The Brazilian Governors defied President Jair Bolsonaro’s order to reopen
schools and businesses. Brazil has so far accounted 2,500 deaths due to the disease.
4. Current Scenario
In India, the count has touched 694 and, in the world, it has become 486,702. With the
world entering towards complete lock down, China is reopening its industries and
normalizing lives.
232. Global Coal Production falls for the 4th Consecutive Year
According to a survey, in 2019, the global coal power plant development declined for the
fourth consecutive year. A total of 13 GW of capacity construction delayed due to Corona
Virus.
1. Highlights
The survey was conducted by the Global Energy Monitor, Sierra Club, Greenpeace
international and the Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air.
2. Key Findings of the survey

The annual survey says that 15 major plants have been delayed so far due to supply
chain and labour force issues. The new coal plant developers are facing increased
difficulties all over the world as restrictions come from banks and insurers.
3. China
Between March 1 and March 18, 2020, China has approved more coal power (6.6 GW). In
2019, China had approved 6.3 GW of coal-based production. The number of coal based
power plants entering into operation has increased in China since 2018 according to the
survey. On the other hand, the global coal fleet is shrinking.
233. RBI: Cuts repo rate to 4.4%; CRR to 3%; 3-month moratorium
allowed on all loans
On March 27, 2020, the Reserve Bank of India announced series of measures to counter
economic slowdown caused due to COVID-19. The Central bank advanced its Monetary
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Policy Committee meet due to COVID-19 pandemic. This was the 7th Bi-Monthly
Monetary Policy Statement of the RBI for the financial year 2019-20.
1. Highlights
While India has locked down its economic activity, the main objective of RBI is to keep
finance flowing.
2. Other Key Decisions

The Cash Reserve Ratio was cut by 100 bps to 3% of NTDL (Net Time and Demand
Liabilities). The Cash Reserve Ratio is the minimum fraction of the customer deposit that
a bank can hold.
234. HydroxyChloroquine now made a H1 Drug in India; Exports banned
On March 27, 2020, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare declared the
Hydroxycholoroquine as a Schedule H1 drug. With this GOI has brough upon restrictions
on sales and distribution of the drug.
1. Highlights
The Hydroxychloroquine drug was declared as an essential drug to treat COVID-19
patients. Out of the 4 treatments suggested by the World Health Organization to contain
the virus, India adopted the use of Hydroxychloroquine. And hence, exports of the drugs
were banned in the country. Currently the drug is being prescribed for symptomatic
patients and also for asymptomatic patients that are in contact with the Corona infected
patients.
2. What is Schedule H1?

The drugs listed under Schedule H1 are required to be sold under following conditions
235. US launches Extremely High Frequency Satellite for military

communication
On March 26, 2020, the United Nations Space Force launched a hyper-secure satellite for
its military communications. With the launch of the satellite the United States has begun
its first National Security Mission.
1. Highlights
The Lock Heed Martin AEHF (Advanced Extremely High Frequency) satellite was
launched from Florida. The satellite is to provide global protected communications. This
will enhance tactical operating warfare skills of the US on ground, aerial and maritime
platform.
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2. US Space Force
The US Space force is the sixth service of the country. The first five major services of
Defence includes Army, Air Force, Navy, Naval Corps and Coast Guard. The Space Force
was recently set up by President Trump to identify and develop new space defence
technologies.
236. Odisha sets up COVID-19 dedicated hospitals with 1,000 beds
On March 27, 2020, the Odisha Government announced that it is to set up two COVID-19
dedicated hospitals under PPP (Public Private Partnership) model.
1. Highlights
Around 84,000 people have returned from abroad in the state. There are so far three
positive cases in the state. The Government forecasting the spread of the virus has
prepared isolated dedicated hospitals under PPP model where only COVID-19 patients
are to be treated.
2. Operation
The funds for the hospitals were brought in from CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility)
funds. The Orissa Mining Corporation and Mahanadi Coal Limited (a Coal India
Subsidiary) brought in Rs 500 crores.
3. Lessons from Italy

Today, the COVID-19 spread at its fastest pace in Italy. This was because, Italy had close
business tie ups with China. Also, Italy treated COVID-19 patients in general hospitals.
This increased the spread of the virus. By studying this and to avoid such situation,
Odisha has set up separate hospitals.
4. Other Measures
The Panchayats have kept 7,200 beds ready for quarantine and isolation purposes.
237. Facts Box: Mo Jeeban Programme
The “Mo Jeeban Programme” was launched by the Odisha Government to contain the
spread of COVID-19. The programme was launched by the Odisha Chief Minister Naveen
Patnaik.
1. Highlights
‘Mo Jeeban’ means ‘My Life’. The State Government through the programme appeals to
the people to stay indoors. The programme urges the working population to take an oath
in name of their children and parents to cooperate and support by not stepping outside.
It also raises awareness of washing hands at least for 20 seconds.
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2. Other Measures
The Odisha Government has allocated Rs 200 crores to fight against the virus. Currently
there are more than 80,000 people who have returned from abroad in Odisha. These
people have been instructed to stay under home quarantine for 14 days.
238. India begins antibody tests for Corona Virus
India is all set to begin antibody tests to confirm if a person was previously infected with
the virus. This will help understand the epidemiology of Covid-19.
1. Highlights
It is a serological test that looks for antibodies in the blood. The test is different from the
current methodologies that use nasal or throat swabs to determine active infection. The
test can be used in contact tracing and learn about the source of infection of the person.
2. About the test

The test determines if the person had viral infections based on the presence of
antibodies in their blood. The antibody test is not a confirmatory test. However, it is a
test for the purpose of surveillance. It helps to generate data about number of people
that got exposed to the virus.
3. Role of ICMR
So far, ICMR has conducted tests on random samples and no community transmission
has begun in India. However, experts believe that there are possibilities for India to enter
into community transmission stage.
March 28, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
239. Indian Army launches “Operation Namaste” to combat COVID-19
On March 27, 2020, the Indian Army launched “Operation Namaste” to contain the
spread of Corona Virus in the country. Under the operation, the army will help the
Government of India fight against the deadly disease.
1. Highlights
Under the operation, Indian Army has established 8 quarantine so far. Also, Command
wise help line numbers have been established. Facilities for the families of the army men
have been arranged to visit nearest camps in case of emergency while they are away
serving the country.
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2. Contingency Plan
The Indian Army has also prepared a Contingency plan at a six-hour notice. This includes
45 isolated bed facilities, 10 ICU beds and mobilization of medical teams on call. The
plan has been prepared after analyzing the spread and containment of the virus in other
countries.
240. What are DMF Funds that are to be used by the states to combat
COVID-19?
Finance Minister Nirmala Sitaraman recently instructed the state governments to use
DMF (District Mineral Foundation) funds to fight against COVID-19. This is being done to
supplement medical facilities that will help fight against Corona Virus.
1. What are DMF Funds?

The District Mineral Foundation is a non-profit body. It was set up in those districts that
were affected by mining works. The Foundation works towards the benefit and interest
of the persons affected due to the mining activity. The Funds are allocated according to
the rules of MMDR act.
2. Legislation
The DMF funds were set up under Section 9B of Mines and Minerals (Development and
Regulation) MMDR amendment act. The act says that every mine holder has to
contribute 10% of their loyalty towards the funds.
3. Pradhan Mantri Khanij Khsetra Kalyana Yojana

The DMF funds are used to implement the scheme. The scheme focuses on safeguarding
environment, health and economic conditions of the tribal people. This is because, most
of the productive mines in the country are located in the tribal areas.
4. DMF Funds
The DMF funds so far were used for drinking water supply, health care, environment
preservation, women welfare, education, sanitation and skill development.
241. Mutation and Pangolins main source of COVID-19
According to a research published in the journal “Pathogen”, virus jumped to humans

from Pangolins. Also, mutation was the main reason for the virus to target human cells
so easily and hence leads to fast spread of the virus.
1. Highlights
The study has found that the virus has jumped to humans from Pangolins. Pangolins are
the most trafficked animals in China. They are traded for their medicinal values. The
initial cases of the virus were reported to have originated from the Hunan market of
Wuhan city where illegal trade of Pangolins is common. Wuhan was the epicenter of the
COVID-19 outbreak.
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2. How does the Virus enter Human Cells?
The COVID-19 virus has a spike protein. These proteins contain Receptor Binding Domain
(RBD) that facilitates the entry of the virus. The RBD binds with the angiotensin-
converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) found in lungs, heart, kidneys and gastrointestinal tract.
3. Mutation
The researchers say that COVID-19 is a mutated version of SARS virus that created an
epidemic in 2002-03. Also, the mutation increased their ability to get bonded to ACE-2
enzymes.
242. India-Japan sign Rs 15,295 crores rail project
On March 27, 2020, the JICA (Japanese International Cooperation Agency), a funding
agency of the Japanese Government signed an agreement with GoI for 3 mega rail
infrastructure projects. The project cost has been estimated as Rs 15,295 crores
1. Highlights
According to the agreements, Rs 8,553 crores have been granted by the JICA for phase I
of the Dedicated Freight Corridors to be constructed in India. Also, JICA has granted Rs
4,262 crores for the Mumbai-Trans Harbour link project. Around Rs 2,480 crores have
been granted for the Mumbai Metro Line Project.
2. Significance
The dedicated freight corridor aims at fulfilling the increased freight transport demand in
the country. It will act as a backbone for the Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor
development plan.
243. DRDO develops N99 masks, ventilators and hand sanitizers to help
fight against COVID-19
The DRDO (Defence Research Development Organization) has been tracking the spread
of the COVID-19 virus since it began to spread in China. Now, the organization has
developed four items to help India in its “War against Corona”.
1. Highlights
The DRDO has developed hand sanitizer, ventilators, five-layer masks and body suits.
2. Hand Sanitizer
Around 4,000 litres of hand sanitizers have been developed for the Indian Armed Forces,
Security Corps and Medical corps. The organization has developed 1,500 litres for the
Ministry of Defence and 300 litres for the Parliament.
3. N99 masks
DRDO has developed 5-layer N99 masks. Among the five layers, 2 layers are made of
nano mesh. The organization is to manufacture 10,000 such masks a day. The cost of
the mask is Rs 70 per piece
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4. Ventilators
The Society for Biomedical Technology programme, operating under DRDO has been
modified to fulfil the current needs. The programme will now be deployed to
manufacture ventilators. Around 5,000 ventilators are to be produced in the first month.
It is then to gradually be increased to 10,000 in the subsequent month.
5. Body Suits
The body suits developed by DRDO earlier for medical and paramedical staffs for
radiological emergencies has now been converted into a full body suit that will help to
stop contamination.
244. Project Arunank running in full swing in China border despite of

COVID-19
The Border Road Organization (BRO) is working in full swing to completely replace the
Daporijo bridge. The bridge os the only line of communication to 451 villages located in
the China border. Also, the BRO is engaged in snow clearance of Manali-Leh axis to
provide relief to Ladakh and Lahaul valley.
1. Project Arunank
The Project Arunank is being implemented by BRO in the state of Arunachal Pradesh.
The project aims at linking remote regions of the borders with well developed strategic
roads.
2. Daporijo Bridge
The Daporijo bridge is being constructed across the Subansiri river. The bridge was
completely rusted and was a serious threat to the commuters.
3. Subansiri River
The Subansiri river runs in the states of Assam and Arunachal Pradesh. It is the largest
tributary of Brahmaputra river.
245. What is Defence Production Act, 1950 invoked in the US?
US President Donald Trump invoked the Defence Production Act recently. The act has
been invoked in order to direct General Motors, a Multinational Corporation to
manufacture ventilators needed to fight COVID-19.
1. Highlights
The act was enacted in 1950 in response to Korean War. Under the act, President
Truman established defence mobilization and also imposed price controls and regulated
heavy industries.
2. Three Major Sections of the act

 The act authorizes the president of the United States to make or even force a business to
accept and prioritize contracts that are essential for defence of the country.
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 It authorizes the President to frame regulations, order to allocate services, materials and
facilities that will promote defence of the country.
 It also authorizes the President to force industries to expand production, impose price
controls and control consumers to allocate raw materials to fulfill the needs of the country.
246. Home Ministry changes rules: State Disaster Relief Funds to be

used for migrant workers
On March 28, 2020, the Ministry of Home Affairs introduced new rules under the State
Disaster Response Fund. Under the rules, the funds are to be used to facilitate
availability of temporary accommodation and food for the migrant workers.
1. Kolar Mines
Over 1,3000 migrants that attempted to return to Andhra Pradesh from Kola mines have
been stopped and quarantined in Kolar district. The Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh state
governments are working to facilitate precautionary measures to make sure none of
them are infected with COVID-19.
2. Odisha
The Odisha Government has set up 36 temporary camps to provide shelter and food to
the workers migrating from states. They are migrating from West Bengal, Bihar,
Chhattisgarh, Punjab, Jharkhand, Rajasthan, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Kerala, Haryana and
Andhra Pradesh.
247. Lock Down: Agriculture and allied activities exempted
On March 28, 2020, the Union Agriculture Minister announced that agriculture and
farming related activities have been exempted from Lock Down. This was introduced in
the second addendum introduced by the Ministry of Home Affairs.
1. Highlights
Under the second addendum issued by the Home Ministry towards the lock down, the
following categories have been exempted
2. Significance
The move has been brought in to facilitate unhindered activities related to farming and
agriculture. Also, this will also ensure supply of essential commodities to common people
during the lock down.
248. Major Relief Measures by Power Ministry during Lock Down
On March 28, 2020, the Ministry of Power approved major relief measures to provide
power supply 24/7 to all the consumers. In order to achieve this the generation,
transmission and distribution operations are to run continuously round the clock
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In India, 70% of power generation is coal based. Therefore, it is important to maintain
the continuity of coal supply. Also, due to lock down the consumers have not paid their
dues. This has affected the liquidity positions of the distribution companies.
2. Steps taken
The Ministry of Power has issued directions to the Central Electricity Regulatory
commission. According to the guidelines, the commission is to provide moratorium of
three months to the Discoms in order to make payments to the generating companies.
3. What are Discoms?

A Discom is Distribution Company (in India). These are companies that are not
generating power by themselves. Rather they buy power from some one else and
distribute it to the consumers.
249. Access to “SWAYAM”, National Online Education Platform has

tripled
On March 28, 2020, the Ministry of HRD (Human Resources Department) announced that
the access to the National Online Education Platform called the SWAYAM has tripled
since Lock Down.
1. Highlights
The Ministry of HRD has been trying to make sure the students can continue their
education from home during the lockdown. The response has been overwhelming
according to the ministry.
2. SWAYAM
SWAYAM is Study Webs of Active Learning for Young Aspiring Minds. It was launched in
2014. The main aim of the online platform is to provide best quality education to around
3 crore students in the country. The SWAYAM MOOCs aims to address the needs of
school level students studying 9th to 12th and to the post graduate students.
250. GoI sets up PM-CARES Funds to fight against COVID-19
On March 28, 2020, Prime Minister Modi announced PM-CARES Fund. The fund is being
raised to deal with the distress or emergency as that of COVID-19 pandemic.
1. Highlights
PM-CARES is Prime Minister’s Citizen Assistance and Relief in Emergency Situations fund.
It is a dedicated fund with the primary objective to deal with threats like COVID-19. A
trust has been created to collect these funds. Prime Minister of India is the Chairman of
the trust. The other members of the trust include Finance Minister, Home Minister and
Defence Minister.
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2. Features of the Funds
Funds being donated to the PM-CARES trust is to be exempted from tax under Section
80(G) of the Income Tax Act. The account of the fund is held by the State Bank of India.
3. PM National Relief Funds

The other funds that are in the hands of the Prime Minster include PM National Relief
Funds. He is the chairman of the fund. It was raised by the then PM Jawaharlal Nehru.
March 29, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
251. India to participate in WHO trials of COVID-19
On March 28, 2020, ICMR (Indian Council of Medical Research) announced that India is to
participate in trials of WHO (World Health Organization). The trials are to identify
potential cures for the outbreak of COVID-19.
1. Highlights
So far, the COVID-19 infected cases were few in numbers that India could not participate
in the trials. Now with the number of cases increasing to 940, India becomes eligible to
participate in the WHO solidarity trials. The WHO has launched 4 mega trials. The trials
include the use of drugs such as hydroxychloroquine, currently used by India and also
HIV drugs such as Lopinavir and Ritonavir.
2. Current Steps
India is to import 3.4 million probes for rapid testing of the virus. India will participate in
all the trials of WHO. There are around 50 different trials being conducted by the
organization.
252. Corona Virus: GoI launched CoNTeC to connect Doctors in India with
AIIMS
On March 28, 2020, the Minister of Health and Family Welfare launched CoNTec. CoNTeC
is COVID-19 Telecommunication Centre. The platform aims to connect the doctors in the
country with AIIMS (All India Institute of Medical Sciences).
1. Highlights
The platform is to be active 24/7. Doctors will be available in the platform throughout to
answer queries and help in real time treatment of COVID-19 patients.
2. About CoNTeC
CoNTeC is a telecommunication hub. The hub will act 24/7 where experts from different
clinical domains will answer questions from specialists spread across the country. The
initiation is to be extended widely all over the world in the future.
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253. Supreme Court Extends Deadline of Transition from BS IV to BS VI
With the Nation-wide Lock Down to contain the spread of Corona Virus, the Supreme
Court extended transition from BS IV to BS VI by 10 more days. Initially the deadline was
March 31, 2020. However, the order does not apply to the National Capital Region.
1. Highlights
The order comes after the Federation of Automobile Dealers Association moved to the
Supreme court to relax the deadline to sell their stocks of BS IV vehicles. According to
the petition filed by the association, currently there are 7 lakhs unsold two wheelers,
12,000 commercial vehicles and 15,000 cars of BS IV standard.
2. BS VI Standard
The BS VI standard emits five times lesser than that of BS IV standard. The major
upgrade that is being brought in BS VI standard is in terms of fuel. A BS VI vehicle should
use BS VI fuel. The BS VI fuel has five times lesser Sulphur. Also, the nitrogen oxide
levels for BS VI petrol and diesel engines are to be brought down by 70% and 25%.
254. Ministry of Defence: One Day Salary to PM-CARES Fund; Rs 500

crore contribution
On March 29, 2020, Ministry of Defence approved the proposal to contribute one day
salary of the employees to the PM-CARES fund. This will amount to Rs 500 crores.
1. Highlights
The salary will collectively include funds from Army, Air Force, Navy and other Defence
PSUs. The contribution is voluntary and employees willing to opt out are to be exempted.
2. Legislation
The Army Act, 1950 allows to make such deductions from the salary of the army
personnel. However, only authorized deductions are allowed. This is ruled under Section
25 of Army Act, 1950.
3. Pay Commission
The Pay Commission is set up by the GoI. It recommends changes to the salary structure
of Government Employees including Defence personnel. So far, 7 pay commissions have
been set up in the Indian history since independence.
4. First Pay commission

The first pay commission was set up in 1947 under the leadership of Srinivasa
Varadachariar. It was called the Post war pay committee. In 1947-48, the Indo-Pakistani
war or the first Kashmir war was fought. The committee did not mention about pension
benefits of the defence personnel. The pension of the defence forces were fixed by a
separate committee called the “Armed Forces Pension Revision Committee” set up in
1949-50.
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255. FDA approves Convalescent Plasma Treatment for seriously ill

COVID-19 patients
The Food and Drug Administration of the United States has approved the use of
Convalescent plasma collected from patients recovered from COVID-19 to treat seriously
ill COVID-19 patients. The idea of the method is to inject plasma with antibodies into
critically ill patients for them to gain immunity against the virus.
1. Highlights
The Convalescent plasma treatment had earlier been studied during the outbreaks of
2003 SARS-CoV-1 epidemic, 2009-10 H1N1 influenza virus and 2012 MERS-CoV
epidemic.
2. What is Plasma?
Plasma is the major part of the blood. Apart from RBC, WBC and platelets in the blood,
all the other fluid content is referred as Plasma. It makes up more than 55% of blood in
human body. When separated from blood, it becomes light yellow liquid. This is because,
blood is red in color due to the RBCs.
256. RBI approves Mega Bank Consolidation Plan
The Reserve Bank of India is to implement a merger plan of 10 state-run banks into 4
larger banks from April 1, 2020. The Amalgamation of the banks had been notified by
the GoI earlier of March 2020.
1. Amalgamation Plan
According to the plan, the United Bank of India and Oriental Bank of Commerce are to be
merged with Punjab National Bank. The Syndicate Bank is to be amalgamated with
Canara Bank. The Allahabad Bank is to be amalgamated with Indian Bank. Also, Andhra
Bank and Corporation Bank are to be amalgamated with Union Bank of India.
2. RBI’s approval
The amalgamation plan has been initiated by the GoI. However, the plan is to be
implemented by RBI. This is because the Reserve Bank plays the role of the apex in
banking sector.
3. Section 7 of RBI act

The Section 7 of the RBI act empowers the GoI to make rulings on the functioning of RBI
in matters of public interest. With this power, the Finance Minister has initiated the
amalgamation plan and the plan has been approved by RBI.
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257. India to get uninterrupted LPG supply from Saudi Arabia
On March 29, 2020, the Union Minister Dharmendra Pradhan announced that Saudi
Arabia has assured India on uninterrupted LPG supply amidst growing threat of COVID-
19.
1. LPG in India
India is the second largest importer of LPG in the world. It fulfils half of its requirements
from the middle east countries such as Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Kuwait.
2. LPG Imports of India

With Government of India promoting cleaner fuel, the usage of LPG in India has
increased. In the year 2018-19, the usage of LPG in the country increased by 6.9% as
compared to the previous year. In 2020, it increased by 6.7%. The imports increased by
15.9% as compared to the earlier year.
3. LPG and Kerosene

With increased usage of LPG, the usage of Kerosene began to decrease. The sales of
Kerosene decreased by 10% in 2018-19. GoI is slowly trying to stop selling Kerosene as
domestic fuel. Kerosene is currently sold at subsidized rates in pubic distribution shops
operated by GoI.
258. 500 officials of TRIFED Van Dhan India unleash power of Webinars
to Work from Home
On March 29, 2020, around 500 officials of TRIFED (The Tribal cooperative Marketing
Development federation of India) operating under Ministry of Tribal Affairs unleashed the
power of Webinars.
1. Highlights
The Trifed Social Media team has reached 2.5 million people in three days. TRIFED Van
Dhan GIS based website gathered more than 50 lakh tribal gatherers spread across 27
different states. Through “Tech for Tribals” scheme that was recently launched in March
2020, around 3.5 lakh tribal entrepreneurs were gathered.
2. Significance
This shows that the Government of India activities to develop the Tribals are in full swing
despite the Lock Down in the country due to the threat of COVID-19.
3. TRIFED
The TRIFED has so far set up 1,205 Van Dhan Centres. Around 3 lakh and 70 thousand
tribals are employed through these centres. They will be greatly affected if not
addressed during Lock Down. There are plans to link these products to the E Commerce
portals in the country to keep their sales on. A separate portal has been suggested by
TRIFED to help Artisans and other tribal gatherers.
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March 30, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
259. Panel set up by PMO to mitigate COVID-19 and restore normalcy

after 21 Days Lock Down
On March 29, 2020 the Prime Minister Office constituted a high-level panel to restore
normalcy after 21 days of normalcy. The high-level committee is to suggest measures to
improve health-care, reduce miseries and put the economy back on track.
1. Highlights
The committee is to work under the chairmanship of P K Mishra, principal secretary of
the Prime Minister. The committee will have separate task forces. Each group is to have
6 members. In all 20 secretaries and 40 other officials have been employed.
2. Economic Affairs
The “Economy and Welfare” panel will work under the Economic Affairs Secretary. The
panel has been tasked to bring out solutions to the issues caused in formal and informal
sectors that are hit hard due to COVID-19. It will also suggest special welfare schemes
targeting the poor that has suffered a lot due to the virus
3. Health
Another working group has been constituted under the leadership of Niti Aayog member
V K Paul. The team is to suggest measures to keep the supply of medical equipment,
medicines continuous and also ensure hospital availability. It will also work towards
increasing the number o trained medical professionals.
260. APMC provides Guidelines to prevent crowding in Mumbai
The Agricultural Produce Market committee has issued guidelines to prevent crowding in
markets in Mumbai. The committee has come up with the move as the vegetable traders
have stopped working to protect themselves from the virus. This has increased the rush
in markets. Similar issues has been faced by markets in other parts of the country as
well.

On March 28, 2020, the vegetable markets across the country saw huge rush of
customers as the traders have stopped working. However, the supply chain has to be
kept running for the essentials to reach citizens on time.
2. Guidelines
According to the new guidelines 30% of the traders will function. These traders will get
separate approval from the board on the quantity to be sold and can order stock only
after approval comes in. Loading of goods are to be done on Monday, Wednesday and
Friday. Unloading of goods are to be done on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday.
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3. APMC
The APMC are established by the State governments. They help to safeguard farmers
from large retailers. The committee also makes sure that the farm to retail price does
not spread at high levels. It operates on two major principles namely
261. Air Vice Marshal Chandan Singh Rathore passed away
On March 29, 2020, the Mahavir Chakra recipient Air Vice Marshall Chandan Singh
Rathore died at his Jodhpur residence. His services during the 1962 war and 1971 war
were impeccable.
1. 1971 war
During the 1971 war with Pakistan, for the liberation of Bangladesh, he planned and
executed the helicopter operations. Under his directions the Indian Air Force airlifted two
companies of troops in Sylhet area. He also flew 8 missions into the enemy territory to
supervise the progress of the uplift.
2. Maha Vir Chakra

Maha Vir Chakra is the second highest military award after Param Vir Chakra. The award
shall be provided posthumously. It is presented for the acts of bravery in the presence of
enemy.
3. 1962 War
In 1962 war, he was given the duty of supply dropping in Ladakh. When he reached the
zone, he found that the areas were under heavy fire with attacks from Chinese forces.
He still dropped the vital supplies successfully though his aircraft was hit 19 times by the
enemy firings. He was awarded the Vir Chakra for his bravery.
262. Earth Hour: A Symbolic Movement of “Lights OFF” to save

environment
Since 2007, every year million participate in the campaign called “Earth Hour” on March
28. The event is organized by the World wide Fund
1. Highlights
The event was first started in Sydney, Australia. The main aim of the marking Earth Hour
is to call attention towards global warming, loss of biodiversity and climate change.
During the one-hour campaign, businesses and people all over the world switch off
unnecessary lights and electronic items between 8:30 PM and 9:30 PM.
2. Significance
Every year, the support for the Earth Hour is increasing. This year many have taken the
event to social media. This says that the awareness among people towards sustainability
is increasing. The event also brings people together. It also pushes to bring about
legislative changes including sustainable agriculture and renewable energy growth.
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263. NSTIs of Skill Development to be used as Quarantine Centres for

COVID-19
On March 29, 2020, the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship has decided
to convert National skill Training Institutes (NSTI) into quarantine isolation facilities.
1. Highlights
Along with Quarantine Centres, the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship
is to provide 1 lakh personnel trained in healthcare skills to the Ministry of Health and
Family Welfare. These personnel were trained under Skill India Mission. Also, the ministry
is to share 2,00 health care trainers and 500 health care assessors with the Health
Ministry.
2. NSTI
National Skill Training Institutes (NSTI) are run by the Directorate General of Training. It
operates under Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship. They train personnel
according to the current need of Government of India. This is based on the welfare
schemes or the sectors the government intends to develop in the recent times.
3. Skill India Mission

Skill India Mission was launched in 2015 by PM Modi. It aims to train more than 40 crore
people in different skills by 2022. The United Kingdom has entered into partnership with
India under the mission.
264. Insurance Scheme for Health Care Workers fighting COVID-19
On March 29, 2020, the Government of India approved insurance scheme for health
workers that are fighting against Corona Virus. The Scheme was announced under the
Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Package that was announced by Finance Minister Nirmala
Sitaraman on March 26, 2020.
1. Key Features of the Scheme

Under the scheme, the health workers are to receive Rs 50 lakhs for 90 days of their
service. On the whole a total of 22.12 lakh public health care providers have been
selected under the scheme. This includes workers that have direct contact with patients
infected with COVID-19. Also, it includes doctors, sanitation staff, paramedics, Asha
workers and nurses.
2. ASHA Workers
ASHA workers are Accredited Social Health Activist. He or she is a community health
worker working under Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. ASHA workers are a part of
the National Rural Health Mission that was launched in 2005.
3. IRDAI
The Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India is also on the verge of
developing an insurance policy to cover COVID-19 infected patients at large.
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265. GoI: No plans to extend 21-days of Lock Down; Science behind 21-
day Lock Down
On March 30, 2020, the Government of India clarified that it had no plans to extend the
21 day lock down that was begun on March 25, 2020. The announcement comes to
clarify rumours and fake news about extension of 21 day lock down
1. Why the 21-days Lock Down?

There are rich scientific data behind the 21-days of lock down. The 21-day quarantine
has already been verified in Ebola cases. The value, ‘21’ was derived from outbreak data
from the past and present public health experiences.
2. The Incubation Period

The Incubation period is the time between exposure of chemical or radiation to a
pathogenic organism and the time it shows signs of disappearance. According to
“Science Daily”, the incubation period of COVID-19 is just five days. It also says that it
will develop symptoms with in 11.5 days of infection.
266. RBI and Finance Ministry to meet to decide on First Half Borrowing
Plan
The Finance Ministry and the Reserve Bank of India is to hold a meeting on March 31,
2020 to discuss about the first half borrowing plan for the year 2020-21. For the first
time in Indian history, the meeting is to be held through video conferencing.
1. The Plan
According to the Union Budget 2020-21, the GoI plans to borrow Rs 5.36 lakh crore
rupees. This is higher than last year borrowing which was Rs 4.99 lakh crore. With this,
the gross borrowing is to become Rs 7.8 trillion. GoI has planned repayment of loans at
Rs 2.35 trillion.
2. India’s Debts
There are several components of debts of India. The borrowings are mainly accounted as
external debt of the country. The external debt of India as of December 2018 is 521
billion USD. This includes money borrowed from international financial institutions,
commercial banks, IMF, World Bank, Asian Development Bank, foreign governments, etc.
267. Odisha Mining Activity greatly affected due to COVID-19; 21 mines

interrupted
With the COVID-19 spreading at faster rate in the country, GoI had extended the
statutory permits of mines for smooth transition. In spite of this, several mines in Odisha
are facing delays of resumption.
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1. Highlights
The operations of 21 mines have been disrupted completely. The delay in resumption of
merchant mines in the state is to affect demand-supply mismatch greatly. Most of the
small-scale steel plants, pellet makers and sponge iron units are dependent on the
merchant ore market for raw materials. These mines mainly include manganese, iron ore
and chromite.
2. Odisha Resources
The state is rich in Limestone, Manganese ore, iron ore, chromite, bauxite, Dolomite,
graphite, etc. According to Economic Survey, Odisha is the major supplier of raw
materials in the country. Mining contributes 10% of income of the state. It holds 96% of
Chromite and 25% of coal reserves of India. After Mines and Minerals Development and
regulation act, 2015, Odisha was at the forefront in auctioning new mineral blocks.
268. Asian Development Bank to invest 100 million USD in NIIF
On March 30, 2020, the Asian Development Bank announced that it is to invest 100
million USD in National Investment and Infrastructure Fund (NIIF). The investment during
an economic slow down is a great boost for the Indian Economy.
1. NIIF
The National Investment and Infrastructure Funds were set up in 2015. The main
purpose of the fund is to aid Greenfield and brownfield projects in the country. When an
entity is to use the benefits of the funds, the Indian Government invests 49% and the
rest has to be raised from third party investors.
2. Major funds of NIIF

There are three major funds under NIIF. IT includes Master Fund, Fund of Funds and
Strategic Investment Fund
3. Master Fund
This is an infrastructure fund. These funds shall be used in core infrastructure sectors
such as ports, road, power, etc.
4. Fund of funds
The fund of funds shall be used on affordable housing, green infrastructure and
infrastructure services. These funds are availed only to fund managers who have good
track on infrastructure projects
5. Strategic Investment Fund

This fund is registered under SEBI. These funds focus on green field and brown field
investments.
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269. Baltic Sea: Seal Pups face tough winter due to reduced ice levels
The Seals need ice to keep themselves safe from predators such as wolves and foxes.
However, the declining ice in the Baltic sea has disrupted their survivals
1. Highlights
With depleting ice levels, the seals are forced to inhabit the islets (small islands) that
they normally hesitate to inhabit. This has caused overcrowding and is disrupting the
survival rates of their pups. Around 3,000 Seal pups are born on the Baltic Sea Coats
every year.
2. Baltic Sea
Baltic Sea is a Mediterranean Sea. It is enclosed by Estonia, Denmark, Finland, Lithuania,
Sweden, Poland, Germany, Russia. The group of countries that are currently referred to
Baltic states are Latvia, Estonia and Lithuania.
3. Helsinki Convention
The Helsinki Convention that was signed in 1992 is on the protection of the marine
environment of Baltic Sea. It was signed by Russia, Estonia, Czechoslovakia, Estonia,
Poland, USSR, Germany, Sweden, Latvia, Lithuania, Denmark and Finland.
270. Tamil Nadu Governor allocates 1 Crore to PM-CARES Fund
On March 30, 2020, the Governor of Tamil Nadu Banwarilal Purohit allocated 1 crore
rupees to PM Cares Fund and another 1 crore towards the Tamil Nadu CM Public Relief
Fund (CMPRF). The funds were released from the Governor’s Discretionary Grant.
1. Highlights
In Tamil Nadu, the number of COVID-19 infected cases suddenly increased by 17 in a
single day. This was the highest increase in the state since the inception of spread of the
virus in the state.
2. Constitutional Provisions
There are two types of Grants provisioned in the Constitution of India. They are Statutory
Grants and Discretionary Grants. The Statutory Grants are those grants that are defined
by Article 275. They are charged on Consolidated Funds of India. They are mainly used
on the welfare of scheduled tribes of the country.
271. International Table Tennis Federation suspends events, freezes

World Rankings
On March 30, 2020 the International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF) announced that it is
suspending all the planned events till June 30, 2020. The decision was taken during the
ITTF meeting that was held to discuss the effects of Novel Corona Virus.
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1. Highlights
The ITTF is suspending all the events that were planned due to the postponement of
Tokyo Olympics, 2020 and Paralympic Games. The Committee has also decided to freeze
the rankings.
2. ITTF
The ITTF is the governing body of all the national table tennis associations spread all
over the world. The Headquarters of the Federation is located in Switzerland. It was
founded in 1926. There are six continental federations operating under ITTF. They are
Table Tennis Federation of India located in India, Asian Table Tennis Union of Asia,
European Table Tennis Union of Europe, Latin American Table Tennis Union, Oceania
Table Tennis Federation and North American Table Tennis Union.
272. Rajasthan celebrates Statehood Day
Every year, Rajasthan celebrates its Statehood Day on March 30. Popularly known as
“Land of the Kings”, it is the largest Indian state in area. The day is also called
“Rajasthan Day”.
1. Highlights
This year, the state is silent due to the lock down in the country. Usually there are
radiant and invigorating events held all over the state. The state was earlier called
‘Rajputana’. It got its recognition and its name as Rajasthan when it was formed on
March 30, 1949.
2. How was Rajasthan formed?

Rajasthan was formed with the unification of states namely Kota, Tonk, Shahpura,
Pratagarh, Kishangarh, Jhalawar, Dungarpur, Bundi and Banswara. The Maharana of
Udaipur joined Rajasthan after three days of its formation.
March 31, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
273. WHO criticizes India over issues faced by Migrants during Lock
Down
On March 30, 2020, the World Health Organization condemned countries including India
for not taking actions to address the concerns of daily workers and migrant workers.
1. Highlights
The organization had also condemned certain states in India like Bihar and Rajasthan for
suspending their routine immunization programmes. Also, the closure of outpatient
departments in government hospitals especially in AIIMS was of great concern to the
organization.
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2. WHO on Anti-Malarial Drug
Only India and USA are currently using the Anti-Malarial Drug called Hydroxychloroquine
on a larger scale. The drugs are prescribed for asymptomatic persons that are in close
contact with the COVID-19 patients. India has also banned the export of the drug
adopting wider usage.
3. Suggestions
The WHO recommends balanced approach in dealing with the virus. The organization
recommends the approach of United Kingdom of using 20,000 retired health workers.
Also, it calls upon the companies to talk to the companies to increase their production.
274. COVID-19: New Technology to Disinfect Maharashtra Hospitals

under “NIDHI PRAYAS” Programme
A new technology has been adopted by the Maharashtra hospitals in the fight of COVID-
19 fight. The technology was developed by a Pune based Start Up.
1. What is the product?

The product developed is a Negative Ion Generator. It has been named “Scitech Airon”.
It helps to control bacteria, virus and fungal infections. The product disinfects areas that
were exposed to infections thereby it ensures well being of doctors, nurses and staffs in
the hospital. The product is highly useful in quarantine facilities. The Department of
Science and Technology has released Rs 1 crore to manufacture the product in a larger
scale. Around 1,000 of them are to be produced soon.
2. Working
The Scitech Airon machine creates negatively charged ions. These ions form clusters
around viruses, bacteria and other airborne molds. They then render them inactive
through chemical reactions by creating Hydroxyl radicals (OH) groups. Apart from
pathogens, the machine also decomposes harmful pollutants such as Carbon Monoxide,
Nitrogen dioxide, etc.
3. NIDHI PRAYAS
There is lack of support in the early stages of prototyping in the country/ This causes
many innovators to lose interest in the early stages. PRAYAS is Promoting and
Accelerating Young and Aspiring technology entrepreneurs. It is one of the 9
programmes launched to turn the ideas of young innovators into proof of concepts.
275. Peak Hour Pollution flattened due to COVID-19
In Indian big cities, the peak hour pollution in the morning and evening flattened due to
the lock down. The lock down imposed in the country to contain the spread of COVID-19
has brought down particulate matter of sizes less than 2.5 microns greatly.
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1. Highlights
The big metropolitans like Chennai, Bengaluru, Mumbai, Kolkata and Hyderabad had
evidential reduction of pollution level according to Centre for Science and Environment.
The Centre says that the pollution levels in the peak hour has gone down by 60% in
several cities.
2. Delhi
The Delhi Air Quality Index turned to Good from Hazardous. In Delhi, the PM 2.5
concentration levels dropped down by 57%, Nitrogen Dioxide levels dropped down by
64%. According to SAFAR, vehicles contribute to 40% of total particulate pollution in
Delhi.
3. Data from CPCB

According to the Central Pollution Control Board, around 92 cities in the country have
recorded pollution level of “Good” from “Satisfactory”.
4. Air Quality Index

The pollution levels are said to moderate when the AQI is between 100 and 200. It is
satisfactory when the AQI is between 50 and 100. The pollution levels is categorized as
Good when the AQI is between 0 and 50. The other categories are poor (201-300), very
poor (301-400) and severe (401-500).
276. Study of Community Forest Resources by Ministry of Tribal Affairs
The Ministry of Tribal Affairs recently commissioned a study about Community Forest
resource Rights. According to the study, broad guidelines are needed to implement
Community Forest Rights.
1. Legislation
The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest
Rights) act, 2006, also called the FRA act defines the Community Forest resource Rights.
The FRA also says that a village shall get its traditionally held forest land. It provides the
Gram Sabhas the right to protect, conserve and regenerate.
2. Suggestions provided by the Study

Apart from FRA act, 2006, the 73rd amendment of the constitution also empowers the
Gram Sabhas to govern community forests. However, there are no guidelines to
implement Community Forest Rights. The State Governments should create guidelines
according the locals and their traditions. It should also focus on capacity building of
Gram Sabha members. Micro-plans should be prepared so that the Gram Sabhas shall
facilitate sustainable forest management.
146
277. United Nations: India and China likely to stay away from Global
Recessions
The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) made a new
analysis under the title “The COVID-19 Shock to Developing Countries”.
1. Highlights
The analysis says that leading exporting countries are to face drop in investments
between 2 trillion USD and 3 trillion USD in the next two years. The world economy is to
go into recession in 2020-21 in spite of the G20 countries infusing 5 trillion USD. The
predicted loss of global economy this year is expected to be in trillion USD. In just two
months since the spread of the virus, developing countries have taken a huge hit in
terms of currency depreciation, capital outflows, falling commodity prices, losing export
earnings, declining tourist revenues.
2. India and China

The report also says that India and china are to stay out of these global recessions.
However, the report did not give proper explanation for the countries being out of the
recession. Recently, the ICRA, Moody’s and other leading market observers have
predicted that the growth rate of India is to decline. However, they did not bring out
factors that might put India in recession mode. This says that though India is to get
affected economically by the virus, the impacts are to be minimal as compared to other
developing countries.
278. Global Sugar Supply Chains hit globally
The international sugar prices have fell from 15 USD to 12 USD per pound. Also, the
Indian Sugar Mills Association (ISMA) has reduced its off-take from mills in the last 15
days. The sugar stock in the wholesale market and retail markets have been sold
completely according to ISMA.
1. Highlights
The fresh sugar procurement in India has come to a halt. However, new markets are
being opened for India. This includes Thailand, Indonesia and Australia. These markets
are opening towards India for the following reasons

Indian mills have so far dispatched 3 million tonnes of sugar for export. The maximum
admissible export quantity (MAEQ) of sugar is 6 million tonnes. The MAEQ is determined
by the Government of India.
279. China recommends Bear Bile as a cure for COVID-19
The Chinese Government has put on a list of medicines that shall be used to treat
COVID-19. It includes both Chinese traditional medicines and western medicines as well.
147
Among these, “Tan Re Qing” has been identified as best cure. This traditional medicine
carries bear bile
1. Bear Bile
The use of Bear bile in Chinese medicine is being done for more than 1,300 years now.
Liver secretes bile juice and the gall bladder stores it.

The extraction of bile from gall bladder of bear is painful process. Therefore, it becomes
important to protect the wildlife through strict hunting laws. With the COVID-19
spreading at faster rate, it is important to save these animals that possess cure.
3. China’s Actions
The Chinese Government in the end of February 2020 imposed permanent ban on
trading, hunting and transportation of wild animals shocking the conservationists in the
country. China reports that in the last 15 years, over dozens of novel Corona Virus have
been found. This primarily got transmitted to humans from bats.
280. US-Iran: Four Nuclear Restrictions renewed by US
On March 30, 2020, the US renewed four nuclear restrictions imposed on Iran. The
restrictions were imposed to prevent Iran from building its nuclear programme.
1. Highlights
The nuclear restrictions on Iran imposed by the US has been renewed for another 60
days. The decision makes it harder for Iran to work on its Nuclear programme amidst the
threat of COVID-19.
2. US-Iran
US and Iran signed Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action that aimed at curbing nuclear
programme of Iran in 2015. Under the deal, most of Iran’s Uranium were shipped out of
the country. Several operational nuclear operations of Iran were brought under
international inspection. Also, a heavy water facility was made inoperable.
3. How is India affected?

Sanctions and hinderances to trade in Iran will affect India’s oil imports greatly. When US
pressurized in similar way to cut oil imports from Venezuela. This had then affected
India’s oil trade greatly.
281. Extraordinary G20 Trade and Investment Ministerial Meet
On March 31, 2020, the “Extraordinary G20 Trade and Investment Ministerial Virtual
Meet” was held through video conferencing. The Union Commerce Minister Piyush Goyal
represented India at the meet.
148
1. Highlights
India had called for easy movement of health professionals and enhanced access to
affordable medicines across national borders. Amidst the threat of COVID-19, India is
supplying affordable medical products to nearly 190 countries in the world.
2. G-20
A week back a G20 video conference was hosted by Saudi Arabia. As a member of the
grouping, India was represented by PM Modi. During the meet, the leaders pledged to
infuse 5 trillion USD into the global economy. The idea was to reduce the impact of the
global recession in the world due to the increasing threats of COVID-19.
282. “Stranded in India” Portal launched to help Foreign Tourists
On March 31, 2020, the Ministry of Tourism had launched “Stranded in India”, a portal
aimed to support foreign tourists.
1. Highlights
The portal aims to disseminate information to the foreign tourists stuck far away from
their homeland amidst COVID-19 threats and Lock Down. The tourists can use the portal
to learn information about steps or measures being made by the Indian Government and
the foreign government to take them home safely. The portal also holds contact details
through which the stranded tourists can contact Ministry of Tourism. The Tourism
ministry will help them contact concerned authorities and will also ensure their well
being.
2. Other Features
The website also holds contact details of list of officers that are appointed to assist the
stranded tourists. Every officer has been given charge of a country. Currently the service
has been extended to tourists from US, Spain, Italy, Japan, Russia, China and Latin
America. Slowly the service is to be extended to other countries as well.
3. Significance
This will help curb fake news that is being spread on social media. Recently the Indian
High Commission in the UK took it to Twitter to clarify that no evacuation flights are
being arranged for Indians in the UK. The fake news was spread through Whatsapp
couple of days ago.
283. Indian Railways offer 3.2 lakh isolation beds
The Indian Railways until 31 March, 2020 has modified 20,000 coaches to accommodate
3.2 lakh people. It is still working with 5,000 more coaches to add 80,000 more beds.
149
1. Highlights
The Indian Railway coaches have been converted into isolation wards to fulfil the
isolated quarantine requirements to treat COVID-19 patients. One single coach is
expected to support 16 beds of isolation. The coaches will also have nurses cabins. Only
non-AC coaches are being converted into quarantine coaches.
2. Other Measures
The Indian Railways has launched several measures to help fight against COVID-19. It
offered special parcel services to prevent the uninterrupted flow of essential supplies in
the country. The IRCTC provided free food to the migrant workers stranded on roads.
The Central Government Employees were allowed to use Railway hospitals.
284. SEZs manufacturing essentials like pharmaceuticals, hospital

equipment are operational
Around 280 SEZ (Special Economic Zones) that are involved in manufacturing essential
goods such as pharmaceuticals, drugs and hospital equipment are operational amidst
Lock Down. These economic zones contribute 18% of the exports of the country.
1. Highlights
While addressing the ministers video conference of G20, the Union Minister Piyush Goyal
said that India has not reduced its pharmaceutical exports and other essentials of 190
countries. This was possible mainly because the SEZs are operational in the country.
2. Special Economic Zones

There are 7 SEZs operating under the Central Government and 12 operating under the
state government or private sector as of July 2019. These SEZs operate under Ministry of
Commerce and Industry. The states were permitted to operate SEZs under SEZ act,
2005. The act defines key role of the state governments in export promotion.
285. COVID-19: Maharashtra and Telangana Government announce

major salary cuts
On March 31, 2020, the Maharashtra and Telangana State Governments announced
major salary cuts.
1. Highlights
The Maharashtra Government had cut 60% of salary from the Chief Minister and other
members of Legislative Assembly and Legislative Council and other representatives of
the local governing bodies. The Class A and Class B employees of the government are to
take 50% of cut. There will be no salary cuts for Class D employees that includes office
assistants and peons. So far Maharashtra has reported 225 COVID-19 infected cases and
10 deaths.
150
2. Telangana
The state of Telangana had also announced such salary cuts. The Telangana
Government is to cut 75% of salary from the Chief Minister, members of legislative
assembly and state ministers.
3. 7th Pay Commission

The Seventh Pay commission revised the salaries of State Government employees. It
increased the pay of contractual employees by 10%. It is not necessary that all the state
government employees will receive equal hikes under the revision being made by pay
commission.
286. NASA announces SUNRISE Mission
On March 30, 2020, NASA announced Sun Radio Interferometer Space Experiment
(SUNRISE) mission. The mission is to study about how sun creates Giant Solar Particle
Storms.
1. Highlights
Studying the solar storms, the mission aims to understand the working of the solar
system. The study will also aid future astronauts travelling to Mars and protect them
from solar storms.
2. About the Mission

The mission is to deploy six CubeSats in Geosynchronous-orbit. The mission has come
true because of the success of DARPA High-Frequency Research and Mars Cube One
(MARCO).
3. Tasks assigned to SUNRISE

The Cubesats will use radio telescope to capture radio images of low-frequency emission
that are emitted from the sun. These will be sent to the earth through Deep Space
Network. Also, the Cubesats will create a 3D mapping to learn about location of giant
particle that are originated from the sun.
151
GKTODAY
Current Affairs [PDF] - April 1-29, 2020
: ननन नन
न
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Contents
April 1, 2020
1. GoI: Interest Rates on Small Savings Schemes lowered
2. World Bank: 11 million to enter poverty in Pacific and East Asia
3. Ordinance passed for 100% Tax Exemption on donations to PM Cares Fund
4. UN Security Council adopts Resolution on Safety and Security of Peace Keepers, First of its Kind
5. ICCR launches International painting competition on COVID-19
6. COVID-19: World Bank offers 1 billion USD for India’ Emergency Response Project
7. GoI extends Foreign Trade Policy
8. ICMR: Three Quasi-sub species of COVID-19 virus in circulation in India
9. GoI regulates 24 classes of medical devices as drugs
10. Navaratnalu Pedalandariki Illu Programme: 25 lakh poor to get houses in AP
11. G20 Finance Ministers Meet: Nirmala Sitaraman represents India
12. Government Scientific Advisor issues manual for Homemade Masks
13. COVID-19: Wimbledon cancelled for the First Time since World Wars
April 2, 2020
14. Vivad Se Vishwas Scheme: Rs 888.09 crores saved by NMDC under the scheme
15. India and China celebrate their 70th anniversary of Diplomatic Relations
16. MOM: AP Government buys from Indian Navy for COVID-19 patients
17. Utkala Dibasa, Odisha Statehood Day celebrated on April 1
18. Food Corporation of India conducts E-Auction to meet goals of Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Ann Yojana
19. COP26 postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic
20. April 2: World Autism Awareness Day
21. United Nations Nuclear Agency sends COVID-19 testing gears to 40 countries
22. United Nations Security council to meet on COVID-19 first time
23. National Book Trust launched “Corona Studies” Book Series
24. DARPG: National Monitoring Dashboard launched
25. WhatsApp Chatbot of GoI launched to curb fake news crossed 1.7 crore users
26. Arogya Setu: Mulit-Lingual Mobile Application launched by GoI to track COVID-19
27. Project Prana: Indigenous ventilators developed by IISc Bengaluru scientists and students
April 3, 2020
28. PM Modi discusses COVID-19 measures with the Chief Ministers
29. New E-NAM Features launched by the Agricultural Ministry
30. Action Covid-19 Team launched in India: First of its kind in the world
31. Bio Suit developed by DRDO for health professionals to fight against COVID-19
32. A New Low-Cost Temperature Gun developed by Indian Navy
33. Exercise NCC Yogdan launched to fight COVID-19
34. Ex-Service Men rise to “Service Before Self” to fight COVID-19
35. GoI launches “COVID-19 Fact Check Unit”
36. Department of Science and Technology to manufacture automated Ventilators
37. National Corona Survey conducted in 410 districts
38. Corona Kavach: Application launched by GoI to locate a COVID-19 positive patient
39. United Nations adopts first resolution on Corona Virus
40. World Games, 2021 postponed to avoid clash with Tokyo Olympics
April 4, 2020
41. Arogya Sanjeevani Insurance Policy: IRDAI launches Guidelines
42. Three Schemes launched to boost Electronic Manufacturing Sector
43. Hotspot Areas of COVID-19 identified and Antibody Tests in Hotspots approved
44. Bharat Biotech to develop intranasal Vaccine for Covid-19
45. India seeks 6 billion USD loans from ADB, AIIB
46. Operation Sanjeevani: 6.2 million tonnes of essential medicines supplied to Maldives
47. COVID-19 Quarantine Alert System: Geo Fencing application to locate Quarantine Violators
48. National Health Authority partners with Uber: Dedicated Transport Services for Health care workers
49. CARUNA: An initiative by the civil servants to fight against COVID-19
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50. How is the power system to be managed during lights off on April 5, 2020?
51. GoI set up Science-Technology Empowered Committee to speed up COVID-19 solutions
52. An Online Hackathon, “Hack the Crisis” launched to work solutions for COVID-19
53. GoI: 30% of Corona Virus cases due to Tablighi Jamaat incident
54. Study: Impacts of COVID-19 lowered due to BCG Vaccination
April 5, 2020
55. TB Machines approved by ICMR for COVID-19 testing
56. JEEVAN: Railway makes low cost prototype of Ventilator; ICMR to test the prototype
57. Asian Youth Games to be held in China in November 2021
58. FIFA Under 17 Women’s World Cup postponed to November
59. “Mo Prativa”: Odisha-UNICEF Programme to engage children during Lock Down
April 6, 2020
60. Ayushman Bharat: 50 Crore poor eligible for testing and treatment
61. GoI: Guidelines for Quarantine issued
62. Food Corporation of India sets record: Movement of 1.93 lakh tonnes of grains in one day
63. NASA’s Artemis: First Human Base Camp on moon’s south pole by 2024
64. Empowered Group constituted to coordinate COVID-19 related Response Activities
65. April 7: World Health Day
66. ICMR approves India’s first home screening test kit of COVID-19
67. Army Medical Corps 256th Raising Day celebrated
68. Prana Vayu: Low Cost Portable Ventilator developed by IIT Roorkee
69. GoI: “MHRD AICTE COVID-19 Student Helpline portal” launched
70. CAWACH: Established by GoI to support startups working on COVID-19
71. What is Lifeline UDAN?
72. A Tiger tests positive of COVID-19 in the US: Zoos on high alert in the country
73. Life Insurance Council: “Force Majeure” does not apply for COVID-19 cases
74. Cabinet: Ordinance to cut salary of PM and MPs by 30% approved
April 7, 2020
75. Centre to States: Maintain the supply of Medical Oxygen
76. Task Force to be set up to prevent Human and Animal transmission of COVID-19
77. Smart Cities Mission: Integrated Command and Control Centres to be used for COVID-19
78. Ordnance Factory Board to introduce “modified tents” to set up isolation units
79. Delhi Government announces 5T plan to control COVID-19
80. GoI launches 5 research projects to mitigate the spread of COVID-19
81. Krishi Vigyan Kendra: Door Delivery of fish Scheme
82. GoI launches “Containment Plan for Large Outbreaks”
83. India restricts export ban of HCQ drug
84. China and US bring in aid for India
85. Jan Aushadhi Sugam App launched: Essential Medicines home delivered by “Swasth Ke Sipahi”
86. India allows export of 12 Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API)
87. Japan declares Emergency
April 8, 2020
88. Exports: GoI launches guidelines for Certificate of Origin
89. NHAI: 3,979 km of NH constructed in one year; Highest in Indian History
90. Samadhan: A challenge launched by the Ministry of Human Resource Development
91. Unemployment Rate in India has increased to 23% due to Lock Down
92. Anti-Microbial Coating Technology approved by DST
93. Imports of Edible Oil decline in India by 32.44%
94. India begins working on Genome Sequencing of COVID-19
95. SAFE Scheme: SIDBI provides working capital of Rs 1 crore to MSME
96. GoI: Scientific Services by CSIR to mitigate COVID-19
97. ILO of United Nations: 400 million Indian workers to sink into poverty
98. United Nations suspended rotation and deployment of Peace keeping forces
99. Three types of Health Care Facilities to be set up to manage COVID-19 cases
100. Funding approved by DST to develop Nasal Passage Gel for COVID-19
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101. Bio Fortified Carrots developed by farmer scientist
102. PM Modi holds meeting regarding Extension of lockdown
April 9, 2020
103. nCoVSENSE Module: Funded by DST to develop Rapid Test of COVID-19
104. United Nations predict India’s GDP at 4.8%
105. TRIFED launches Digital Communication Strategy in collaboration with UNICEF
106. “iGOT”-An Online Training Portal launched on DIKSHA platform of MHRD
107. Supreme Court rules private labs to make COVID-19 tests free of cost
108. RBI: CPI Inflation to ease from 4.8% to 4.4% in Q2
109. GoI allows NGOs to directly buy food grains from NGOs
110. GoI: 2200 Essential Kits created by “Kendriya Bhandar” distributed to the BPL
111. Indian Railways: 2,500 doctors, Isolation wards, time tabled parcel trains
112. GoI sanctions Rs 15,000 crores for its COVID-19 Package
113. Revised Version of Swachhata Application launched to fight COVID-19
114. GoI to provide “Mass Manufacturing Ready” hardware and software for free
115. April 9: CRPF Valour Day
116. Smart City Mission: Mass Disinfection of public places by GoI
117. Saudi-led Coalition calls Ceasefire in Yemen
April 10, 2020

118. “Operation Shield” launched by the Delhi State Government
April 11, 2020

119. TRIFED offers marketing support to Masks under Van Dhan Scheme
120. Fishing and Aquaculture exempted from Lock Down
121. ICMR approves Plasma Therapy Treatment
122. ADB assures 2.2 billion USD loan to India
123. G20: Video Conference of Energy Ministers
April 12, 2020

124. “Global Indian Physician COVID-19 Collaborative” by doctors of Indian Origin
125. April 12: International Day of Human Space Flight
126. Wormivet: Herbal Medication developed by NIF to treat worms
127. DST funds development of Active Virosome Vaccine Production
128. “Bharat Padhe Online Campaign” launched by Ministry of HRD
129. 586 dedicated COVID-19 hospitals set up
130. Double Layered Khadi masks developed by KVIC
131. COVID-19: What are Red, Orange and Green Zones?
April 13, 2020

132. YUKTI Portal launched by Ministry of HRD
133. ICMR: More than 40 vaccines under development of COVID-19
134. Expert Committee constituted by UGC
135. National Rural Livelihood Mission: PPEs by Women SHGs
136. Supreme Court directions on welfare of Migrant workers
137. OPEC and Russia approve biggest Oil Cuts
138. 6,300 Janaushadhi Kendras operating during Lock Down
139. Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana: Rs 5,000 crores transferred for free delivery of LPG
140. Initiatives to prevent disruption of farming activity during lockdown
141. 101st anniversary of Jallianwala Bagh Massacre marked
142. What is Helicopter Money being suggested by World Experts?
143. CollabCAD launched in Atal Tinkering Labs
144. Indo-US IUSSTF to address COVID-19 challenges
145. India’s first remote Health Monitoring System set up in Rishikesh
146. April 14: World Chagas Disease Day
147. NCAER: COVID-19 Lock Down impacts 85% of NCR households
4
April 14, 2020
148. CII Report: “Exit from Lock Down”
149. E-NAM completes four years of service
150. Core Strategy Group formed in CSIR
151. First Ship load of Crude Oil reaches India
152. Curbs on Palm oil imports tightened
153. Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana: 32 Crore receive financial assistance
154. ICMR: Remdesvir effective in stopping replication mechanism of COVID-19
155. Siachen Day Commemorated
156. US approves missile sales to India
157. World Bank: India is expected to grow at 1.5% to 2.8%
158. GoI: 20 Control rooms set up to address wage-related issues
159. PM Modi launches “Saptapadi” to fight against COVID-19
160. Ambedkar Jayanti celebrated throughout the country
161. Ordinance to allow states to increase work hours of Employees
April 15, 2020

162. Uttar Pradesh: First State to start Pool Testing
163. Wheat Procurement Season begins amidst COVID-19 crisis
164. International Monetary Fund predicts India’s Growth Rate at 1.9%
165. “COVSACK” developed by DRDO to combat COVID-19
166. India plans on ayurvedic Trials for COVID-19; Task Force Constituted
167. India to host Asian Boxing Championship
168. Home Ministry issues Guidelines for Lock Down 2.0
169. All India Agri Transport Call Centre Numbers launched
170. History of Pandemics: Justinian Plague, Black Death and Spanish Flu
171. US stops WHO funding
172. North Korea test fires anti-ship missiles
173. NITI Aayog: “Arogya Setu” – Fastest App to reach 50 million downloads
174. “Dekho Apna Desh”: A Webinar launched by Tourism Ministry
175. Fit India Active Day Programme launched under Fit India Movement
176. Training Programme announced by MEA for SAARC Health Professionals
April 16, 2020

177. India attends G20 Finance Ministerial Meeting
178. India-WHO engages National Polio Surveillance Network for COVID-19
179. Spitting an offence: Section 51 of Disaster Management Act
180. GoI allows MGNREGA to begin in rural regions
181. IPL 2020 suspended by BCCI
182. GoI announces 170 hotspots and 207 non hotspots of COVID-19
183. COVID-19: “Sahyog” Mobile application launched by Survey of India
184. Integrated Geospatial Platform to complement Arogya Setu
185. South Korea ruling party wins election
186. India to receive 6,50,000 COVID-19 testing kits from China
187. National Conference on Kharif Crops, 2020 held through video conference
188. Safety of Zoom Application red flagged by Home Ministry
189. Indian Army observes “No Movement”; Special train to ferry soldiers
190. Environmental Impact Assessment amended by Environment Ministry
April 17, 2020

191. Chitra Gene LAMP-N: Diagnostic kit developed by SCTIMST, Thiruvananthapuram
192. PUSA: Decontamination Tunnel developed by ICAR
193. RBI launches OBICUS
194. Chess Legend Viswanathan Anand named ambassador of WWF India
195. GoI: Rapid Antibody Tests to be used strictly for surveillance
196. India to attend BRICS meeting on COVID-19
197. AIIB to finance 500 million USD projects to strengthen National Health Care Systems
198. RBI cuts Reverse Repo rate to 3.75%, Rs 50,000 crores for LTRO 2.0
199. April 17: World Hemophilia Day
5
200. GoI launches “Krishi Rath” application for hassle free agri transportation
201. Two new products to enable COVID-19 disinfection process introduced by DRDO
202. Delhi Government introduces “Assess Koro Na” application
203. Health Minister chairs the 12th Group of Minister meeting on COVID-19
204. GBRC scientists find three new mutations of COVID-19
April 18, 2020

205. India attends Development Committee Meeting of IMF-World Bank
206. “Updated COVID-19 Containment Plan” released by GoI
207. WHO: Other Countries will follow China in revising their death toll
208. GoI: India accounts to 40% drop in COVID-19
209. April 18: World Heritage Day
210. Renewable Energy Parks to be set up in India
211. Revised draft of Electricity (Amendment) bill, 2020 launched
212. National List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of India launched
213. Nigerian Chief Aide of President Muhammadu Buhari dies of COVID-19
214. CBDT releases relief funds to MSME
215. GoI amends FDI policy
216. Demo-2 mission: NASA to launch Astronauts to space first time in 11 years
217. Central Drug Research Institute signs MoU to sequence virus strains
218. CSIR develops Personal Protective Coverall Suit
April 19, 2020

219. CSIR produces Protein Enriched Biscuits for COVID-19 patients
220. Indian Astrophysicists: Lithium in Interstellar space & Red Giants have Connection
221. Procurement of Pulses and Oil Seeds from Farmers
222. IISD: India’s Renewable Subsidies decline by 35%
April 20, 2020

223. Uttar Pradesh-First State to Geo Tag Community Kitchens
224. GoI: A high level force set up to work on drugs and vaccine
225. Home Ministry issues SOPs for movement of stranded migrant labourers
226. Indian Army supports Narela Quarantine Centre
227. GoI: Supply of Non-Essential Commodities by E-commerce prohibited during Lock Down
228. Leather back Sea Turtles build largest nests in 20 years in deserted beaches
229. GoI launches online Data Pool of Human Resources
230. April 20: UN Chinese Language Day
231. GoI: Quota Allocation Procedure for import of Calcined Pet Coke initiated
232. Indian Scientists Discover model to predict Ionospheric Electron Density
233. Electric Vehicle Sale increases by 20% in 2020-21
234. GoI: Six Inter-Ministerial Teams formed after violations of Lock Down in the States
235. INST uses Fish Gills to develop low cost electro-catalysts
236. CBDT issues clarification over Section 115 BAC of Income Tax Act
237. National Biofuel Coordination Committee: Surplus Rice to be used to make Sanitizers
April 21, 2020

238. Goa: The First State to become COVID-19 free; Manipur-Second
239. New Development Bank’s financial assistance of 1 billion USD to India
240. DCGI approves COVID-19 drug to reduce mortality rate
241. Fifteenth Finance Commission to assess impacts of COVID-19
242. President’s New Secretary: Former retd IAS officer Kapil Dev Tripathi
243. Chief Minister COVID-19 Yoddha Kalyan Yojana: 1 lakh Anganwadi workers benefitted
244. Sown Crop Area has increased by 36%
245. April 21: Civil Services Day
246. United Nations: Consensus Resolution for equitable access to future vaccines
247. CPCB issues guidelines to handle COVID-19 treatment wastes
248. PM-KISAN Scheme: 17,793 crores released to 8.89 farmers
249. BRO: Daporijo Bridge across Subansiri river in Arunachal Pradesh inaugurated
250. GoI: Dashboard launched to provide details about dhabas and repair shops
6
251. April 21: World Creativity and Innovation Day
252. April 22: World Earth Day
253. “COVID India Seva”: An interactive Platform launched by GoI
April 22, 2020

254. ICMR to States: “Stop Using Rapid Test Kits for 2 days”
255. Third Phase of Gujarat’s “Sujalam Sufalam Jal Sanchay Abhiyan” begins
256. “Saiyam” Mobile application launched by Pune Municipal Corporation
257. TIFAC to come up with COVID-19 revival strategy
258. What is Team Mask Force?
259. India attends G20 Agricultural Ministers Meet
260. CSIR: Clinical Trial of “Sepsivac” drug on critically ill COVID-19 patients
261. World Press Freedom Index: India ranks 142nd
262. Global Annual Report released by United Nations World Food Programme
263. Food Processing Industries to remain open during extended Lock Down
264. GoI: Recovery rate of COVID-19 patients in the country is 17.47%
265. New Viper Species discovered by Indian Herpetologists in Arunachal Pradesh
266. GoI brings in ordinance making attack on doctors punishable up to 7 years
267. Rs 15,000 crores approved by Union Cabinet for COVID-19
268. April 23: World Book Day
April 23, 2020

269. Ministry of HRD launches VidyaDaan 2.0
270. Union Cabinet approves Nutrient Based Subsidy
271. Apthamitra: Helpline and application launched by Karnataka Government
272. Feluda: COVID-19 test developed by CSIR-IGIB scientists
273. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crimes launches series under Education for Justice initiative
274. World Bank: Decline of Money sent by Migrant Workers by 110 billion USD
275. PV Sindhu named as ambassador in the Badminton World Federation campaign
276. ICMR: Pooled Testing only in areas of less than 5% COVID-19 prevalence
277. NASA: Air Pollution in India at 20 year low
278. BRO constructs permanent bridge across Ravi river
279. Lebanon: First Arab Country to legalize Marijuana cultivation
280. Alternative Academic Calendar released by Ministry of HRD
281. April 23: English Language Day; Spanish Language Day
April 24, 2020

282. DRDO Mobile COVID-19 Testing Lab inaugurated by Defence Minister
283. SC on anti-narcotics law: Quantity will determine punishment not Purity
284. IIFPT to manufacture and supply nutrient-rich food
285. “Khongjom Day” commemorated by Manipur
286. April 24: International Day of Multilateralism and Diplomacy for Peace
287. COVID-19: Hike in Dearness Allowance for the year 2021 put on hold
288. Tianwen 1: China’s first Mars Exploration Mission
289. E-Gram Swaraj Application and Portal launched
290. April 24: National Panchayati Raj Day
291. Inter-Ministerial Committee constituted by Government of India
292. NOOR: Iran’s first military satellite launched successfully
293. DST develops advanced mapping tool to map nano-mechanical materials
294. ANTHURIUM: 10 Varieties of the high market value, AIR PURIFYING flower developed
295. UNCTAD cancels 1 trillion USD debts owed by developing countries
April 25, 2020

296. 19 Interstellar Asteroids discovered between Jupiter and Neptune
297. PRACRITI: IIT-Delhi develops dashboard to predict COVID-19 cases before 3 weeks
298. April 25: World Malaria Day
299. Finance Commission: States shall use FRBM clause to fight COVID-19
300. GoI boosts Rural Development schemes
301. April 25: International Delegate’s Day
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302. Hubble Space Telescope: NASA’s longest living Space Telescope celebrates 30th anniversary
303. World Immunization Week
304. Banking Services made Public Utility Services
305. Scientific Disposal of COVID-19 waste by National Green Tribunal
306. Retired IAS Officer Sanjay Kothari appointed as Central Vigilance Commissioner
307. What are Immunity Passports that are warned against by WHO?
308. NAFED to distribute 6 lakh metric tonnes of pulses under PM Garib Kalyan Ann Yojana
April 26, 2020

309. What is “Ball Tampering” that is being considered by ICC recently?
April 27, 2020

310. April 26: International Chernobyl Disaster Remembrance Day
311. April 26: World Intellectual Property Day
312. GoI plans to reduce dependency for drug intermediates and APIs
313. Herbal Decongestant Spray developed by CSIR
314. India sends HCQ and sterile surgical gloves to Bangladesh
315. LIGO detects first merger of two unequal-mass black holes
316. Lucknow Medical Hospital first in the country to launch Plasma Treatment Therapy
317. India seeks help from IMF and World Bank to fill data gaps
318. Pakistan test fires anti-ship missiles successfully
319. Hydrogen Fuel Bus and car launched by NTPC
320. SIPRI: India one among top three military spender
321. RBI announces Special Liquidity Mutual Funds worth Rs 50,000 crores
322. Largest hole in the Ozone Layer closes by itself
323. Five of the North Eastern States become COVID-19 free
April 28, 2020

324. WHO launches COVID-19 Tools (Act) Accelerator
325. Ruhdaar: Low Cost Mechanical Ventilator developed by IIT Bombay
326. United Nations warns of “Hunger Crisis”
327. COVID Action Collab: Platform to test COVID-19 in Sewage
328. WHO map includes Ladakh as Chinese Territory
329. Exercise Pitch Black Cancelled
330. Guidelines to use Air Conditioners issued by Central Public Works Department
331. April 28: World Day for Safety and Health at Work
332. International Financial Services Centre Authority established by GoI
333. ADB approves 1.5 billion USD for India to fight COVID-19
334. BRICS Foreign ministers to attend COVID-19 meeting
335. Anti-Leprosy Drug Trials started by CSIR against COVID-19
April 29, 2020

336. Jal Shakti Abhiyan: Monsoon steps begun
337. India attends Petersberg Climate Dialogue
338. Mobile Kiosk for COVID-19 Sample Testing used in Agartala Smart City
339. NTRO: Increase in Cyber Attacks due to work from home
340. Common Service Centres of GoI to take over E-Commerce in rural areas
341. HCARD: Robot to assist COVID-19 frontline warriors
342. CSIR Technology of Electrostatic Disinfection transferred for Commercialization
343. Alzheimer Inhibitor developed by Jawaharlal Nehru Centre of Advanced Scientific Research
344. Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation: Economic Decline of 2.7% expected in the region
345. Task force on National Infrastructure Pipeline submits its report
346. Lock Down improves water quality of Ganges
347. IMD released list of 169 new names of Tropical Cyclones
348. GRID 2020 report: Over 5 million displaced in India in 2019
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April 1, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
1. GoI: Interest Rates on Small Savings Schemes lowered
On March 31, 2020, the Government of India lowered interest rates of several small
savings scheme facing Economic challenges created by the threat of COVID-19 virus.
1. Highlights
The interest rates of the schemes like Sukanya Samriddhi, Kisan Vikas Patra and Pubilc
Provident Funds were reduced. The changes were introduced for Q1 of the fiscal year
2020-21. They are as follows
2. Sukanya Samriddhi
Rate of interest for Sukanya Samriddhi Account Scheme has been reduced from 8.4 to
7.6%. The scheme targets girl child and her parents. It encourages the parents to build
fund for future education and marriage expenses of their girl child.
3. Public Provident Fund

Interest rate for Public Provident Fund reduced from 7.9 to 7.1%. It is savings-cum-tax
saving scheme introduced in 1968 by the National Savings Institute operating under
Ministry of Finance. The main aim of the scheme is to increase small savings offering
returns based on the investments made with the savings deposited.
4. National Savings Certificate

Interest rate for National Savings Certificate 7.9 to 6.8%. It is a part of the postal savings
system. It is a savings bond scheme launched for income tax savings and small savings.
5. Kisan Vikas Patra

Interest rate for Kisan Vikas Patra reduced from 7.6% to 6.9%. The KVP will mature in
124 months instead of 113 months earlier. It is a saving certificate scheme that was
launched by India Post in 1988.
6. Other Schemes
 Rate of interest for the Senior Citizen Savings Scheme reduced to 7.4 from 8.6%
 Rate of interest for the monthly income scheme lowered to 6.6% from 7.6%
 For five-year recurring deposit, the interest has been reduced from 7.2 to 5.8%.
 For five-year time-deposit, it has been brought down from 7.7% to 6.7%
 For three-years, two-years and one-year time deposits, the interest rate has been cut from
6.9 to 5.5%
 Interest on savings deposit stays unchanged at 4%.
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2. World Bank: 11 million to enter poverty in Pacific and East Asia
On March 31, 2020, the World Bank announced that around 11 million are to enter
poverty in Pacific and East Asia due to the spread of COVID-19. The virus has affected
more than 780,000 and has so far killed more than 37,000.
1. Highlights
According to the World Bank, around 35 million people in Pacific and Asia will escape
poverty. This includes 25 million in China alone. The bank has projected the growth in
the region to be slow and around 2.1%. In 2019, the bank had estimated the growth of
the region as 5.8%.
2. Suggestions
The bank recommends more investments in the health sector. It suggests for
macroeconomic policies and integrated containment of the virus. The World Bank also
recommends targeted fiscal measures such as health care and subsidies for sick pay.
This will make sure the temporary deprivation is not converted into long term human
capital losses.
3. Ordinance passed for 100% Tax Exemption on donations to PM Cares

Fund
On March 31, 2020, the Government of India passed an ordinance to allow 100%
exemption on donations made on PM Cares Funds. The ordinance has also extended the
time limit of direct and indirect tax filings to June 30, 2020.
1. Key Features on Direct Taxes

 The last date for filing Income Tax returns has been extended to June 30, 2020
 The Aadhaar-PAN linking that has been made mandatory has been extended to June 30,
2020. If not linked the GoI had earlier warned about cancelling such PAN registrations.
 The deadline of Vivad se Vishwas Scheme has also been extended to June 30, 2020.
2. Key Features on Indirect Taxes

The last date for indirect taxes of the following has also been extended to June 30,3030
3. PM Cares Fund
The funds donated to PM Cares Fund are to be 100% exempted from tax under Section
80G of Income Tax Act.
4. UN Security Council adopts Resolution on Safety and Security of

Peace Keepers, First of its Kind
On March 31, 2020, the United Nations Security Council adopted Resolution 2518 to
ensure safety and security of peacekeepers. This is the first time, a resolution is being
passed for the safety of the peacekeepers.
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1. Highlights
The resolution was initiated and sponsored by China. It was co-sponsored by 43
countries including Pakistan, Iran, South Africa, Turkey, Russia, Vietnam, etc. Today
there are more than 95,000 peacekeepers operating in around 13 missions all over the
world.
2. Action for Peace

The Action for Peace initiative was launched by the United Nations to help countries
address challenges such as elusive political issues, protracted conflicts, dangerous
environments, broad and complex mandates, etc. The initiative will focus on targeted
mandates, support political solutions.
5. ICCR launches International painting competition on COVID-19
On March 31, 2020, the Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR) launched global
painting competition on the title
1. Highlights
The ICCR aims to build cultural links between countries in the world. It tries to bring all
the cultures united against single emotion of fighting against the COVID-19 together.
2. ICCR
The Indian Council for Cultural Relations was founded in 1950 by Maulana Abul Kalam
Azad. He was the first Education minister of India. The Council organizes cultural
festivals all over the world and in India. It supports cultural institutions and sponsors
talented performers in the field of music, dance, theatre. The Jawaharlal Nehru Award for
International Understanding is administered by ICCR since 1965.
3. Maulana Abul Kalam Azad

Abul Kalam played a major role to establish a strong education foundation in India. His
birthday (November 11) is celebrated as National Education Day all over India. His real
name was Abul Kalam. He was honoured as “Maulana” meaning “Our Master” and Azad
was his pen name.
6. COVID-19: World Bank offers 1 billion USD for India’ Emergency

Response Project
On April 1, 2020, the World Bank announced that it is to offer 1 billion USD to
Government of India to implement Covid-19 Emergency Response and Health Systems
preparedness project.

The project is being launched by India in order to mitigate the threats created by the
virus. It will strengthen the national system and keep up public health preparedness in
the country.
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2. Key Features of the Project
The project is to measure progress of key indicators of containment of COVID-19 cases.
This includes proportion of laboratory confirmed cases, responses to collected samples
within time frame of 48 hours, conducting tests within WHO stipulated standard time to
determine COVID-19, etc.
7. GoI extends Foreign Trade Policy
On April 1, 2020, the Government of India notified that the export schemes such as
Export Promotion Capital Goods and Duty-Free Import authorization are to be extended
by one year. Also, GoI has planned to extend Foreign Trade Policy 2015-20 by another
one year till 2021.
1. Objective of the policy

The policy aims at making India a bigger player in Global level. It targets to bring in
overseas sales of 900 billion USD by 2020. This is to be achieved with Digital India
Programme and Make in India programme.
2. Current Scenario
Between April 2019 and February 2020, the imports of India were 436 billion USD and
exports were 292 billion USD.
8. ICMR: Three Quasi-sub species of COVID-19 virus in circulation in India
On April 1, 2020, the Indian Council of Medical Research reported that three quasi sub
species of COVID-19 virus are in circulation in the country. According to the council, they
were imported variants.
1. Highlights
In India, the COVID-19 cases originated from people with travel history. Hence, the virus
was brought from outside India. So far, science has not discovered how the virus is
behaving in other parts of the world. However, ICMR confirms that the virus in India has
taken its variant form due to external and biological factors of the country and people
living in the country. Currently, there are three variant forms of the virus in the country.
2. Current Scenario
When the spread of the virus and its area of spreading is wide as in the case of India, it
is highly difficult to predict the trend of progression of COVID-19. According to ICMR,
currently it is not possible to compare the progress of virus with other countries.
9. GoI regulates 24 classes of medical devices as drugs
On April 1, 2020, the National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority revised the ceiling price
of 883 scheduled formulations. The authority also informed that the disruption of supply
of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients are returning to normalcy.
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1. Highlights
The NPPA has notified 24 classes of medical devices as drugs under Drugs and
Cosmetics Act, 1940. The prices of other non-scheduled medical devices are being
monitored by the authority. The authority has also come up with a ruling that no
manufacturers or importers shall increase the price of these listed devices by not more
than 10% for another 12 months.
2. Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient

The Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient is that part of the drug that produces the intended
effects. Some of the drugs have multiple APIs to treat different symptoms.
10. Navaratnalu Pedalandariki Illu Programme: 25 lakh poor to get

houses in AP
On March 31, 2020, the Government of Andhra Pradesh modified the guidelines of
Navatatnalu-Pedalandariki Illu programme. The scheme is called “Houses for all the
poor”. The guidelines were changed based on the directions of the High Court.
1. Highlights
Under the scheme, house sites are to be allotted to the poor at Re 1 to the poor with
white ration cards. The State Government is to collect Rs 20 from the people (Rs 10 for
stamp paper charges and Rs 10 for lamination charges).
2. Other Rules
The beneficiaries have to compulsorily construct houses only. They cannot sell the sites.
However, they can sell the houses after occupying them for a minimum of five years.
3. Navaratnalu
The “Navartnalu” is a flagship scheme of the Andhra Pradesh Government. There are
nine (Navaratna) welfare schemes.
4. YSR Rythu Bharosa

Under the scheme, the AP government is to offer Rs 50,000 financial assistance to
farmers. From the second year of the scheme, every family will receive Rs 12,500. Apart
from this under this scheme, the AP government will also offer free bore wells and 0%
interest loans.
5. Fee Reimbursement
Under this scheme, Rs 20,000 allowance is to be provided to every student as fee
reimbursement
6. Arogyasri
The scheme is applicable to all the medical treatments above Rs 1000. The State
Government under the scheme would bear all the medical expenses.
7. Jalayagnam
The Government would take up completion of Polavaram project, thereby helping the
farmers greatly in irrigation projects
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8. Ban on Alcohol
9. Amma Vodi
Under the scheme Rs 15,000 was provided as assistance funds to all the mothers of
school going children. The only condition was that the mothers should belong to Below
Poverty Line.
10. Asara
The scheme issued 0% interest loans to backward communities, women, SC, ST of age
above 45 years.
11. Pensionla Pempu

Senior citizens to receive Rs 2000 and the physically challenged were to receive Rs
3,000.
11. G20 Finance Ministers Meet: Nirmala Sitaraman represents India
On March 31, 2020, Nirmala Sitaraman represented India to attend the second G20
Finance Minister Meet. The virtual meet was chaired by Saudi Arabia.
1. Highlights
During the first Extraordinary Virtual meet, the finance ministers of the member
countries decided to meet on a regular basis. The ministers are currently in the process
of framing a “G20 Action Plan” in response to COVID-19.
2. Suggestions made by India

India made prompt interventions to review using IMF toolkits. Rather, India suggested to
develop indigenous tool kits. India also suggested to make bilateral swap arrangements.
3. Background
The G20 leaders recently met under the chairmanship of the Saudi king. PM Modi
represented India at the video conferencing. The leaders pledged to invest 5 trillion USD
into the Global Economy. This was done to reduce the global recession induced by the
Lock Down imposed in several countries due to the threat of COVID-19.
12. Government Scientific Advisor issues manual for Homemade Masks
On March 31, the Scientific Advisor of Government of India issued guidelines to make
masks at home. He also insisted that these masks are 70% safer and effective in
containing the spread of the Virus.
1. Highlights
The Guidelines insist people living in densely populated areas to wear masks. This will
help prevent the virus from entering into the respiratory system of the person. The
manual insists washing the used masks with soaps or disinfectants to contain the virus.
Also, boiling of the masks in hot water has been suggested.
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2. Other Guidelines
The GoI also suggests use of double layered 100% cotton cloth. This is because they are
as effective as that of a surgical masks. These 100% double layered cotton masks
protect against particles that are five times smaller than the virus.
13. COVID-19: Wimbledon cancelled for the First Time since World Wars
On April 1, 2020, Wimbledon was cancelled due to the threats of Corona Virus. This is
the first time the tournament is being cancelled since the World War II.
1. Highlights
Wimbledon was scheduled between June 29, 2020 and July 12, 2020 in the outskirts of
London. However, it was cancelled considering lock down situation and also due to the
threats posed by COVID-19. The next edition of the tournament is to be held between
June 28, 2021 and July 11, 2021.
2. History
Wimbledon Tennis Tournament was first held in 1877. Since then it has been contested
every year. However, it was cancelled during two stretches. Once during the first world
war between 1915 and 1918 and it was cancelled another time during the second world
war between 1940 and 1945.
3. Wimbledon
The Wimbledon is also known as The Championships. It is the oldest Tennis Tournament
in the world. It is one of the four Grand Slam tennis tournaments. The other three include
French Open, US open and Australian Open.
April 2, 2020
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14. Vivad Se Vishwas Scheme: Rs 888.09 crores saved by NMDC under

the scheme
On April 1, 2020, the National Mineral Development Corporation operating under the
Government of India announced that it has saved Rs 888.09 crores by adopting Vivad Se
Vishwas Scheme.
1. Highlights
The Vivad Se Vishwas scheme was announced by the Finance Minister Nirmala
Sitaraman during the Union Budget 2020-21. The scheme was introduced to generate
timely revenue for the GoI, reducing pending tax litigations and help tax payers end
their tax disputes. Using this scheme, NMDC has settled a dispute of Rs 1868 crores for
Rs 980 crore. Also, SAIL has settled a dispute of Rs 266 crores for 186 crores.
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2. NMDC
The National Mineral Development Corporation, a state controlled mineral producer is
involved in exploration of graphite, iron ore, limestone, dolomite, rock phosphate,
copper, gypsum, tungsten, etc. It is the largest iron ore producer in India. It produces
more than 35 million tonnes of iron ore. The Diamond mining project operating in Panna,
Madhya Pradesh is also being by NMDC.
15. India and China celebrate their 70th anniversary of Diplomatic

Relations
India and China postponed all the events planned to celebrate the 70th anniversary of
their diplomatic relations due to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the leaders
exchanged congratulatory messages.
1. Highlights
India was the first non-communist country in Asia to establish diplomatic relations with
People’s Republic of China. Today the countries have strong trade relations despite of
small irritants like border issues. In 2019, India-China trade reached 90.1 billion USD.
Also, India has been pressing China to open its markets for Indian pharmaceuticals and
IT companies. This is being done by India to reduce the trade deficit of 57 billion USD
with China.
2. Informal Summit
In November 2019, as a part of commemorating 70 years of diplomatic ties, the
countries agreed to finalise 70 activities. This was done during the Second Informal
summit of President Xi Jing Ping and PM Modi. The 70 celebrated activities included trade
promotion events, military exchanges and cultural and religious activities.
16. MOM: AP Government buys from Indian Navy for COVID-19 patients
The Andhra Pradesh Government is to buy Multi-feed Oxygen Manifold developed by

Indian Navy, Vishkhapatnam to meet the requirement of oxygen supply to COVID-19
patients. Initially the Indian Navy provided the equipment free-of-cost to the Andhra
Pradesh Government.
1. Highlights
The portable MOM equipment was designed by Naval Dockyard Vishakhapatnam using a
six-way header and a single cylinder. This means that a single oxygen cylinder can be
used to supply oxygen to six patients. Also MOM is portable and hence will be easy in
isolation wards being set up in railway coaches. Indian Navy is to open source MOM for
the Indian companies to manufacture it locally to meet the current needs.
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2. Need
With the Corona Virus spreading at faster rate in India, there would be more requirement
of ventilators and oxygen supplying equipment. This is because, about 5% to 8% of
COVID-19 patients require ventilator support and 20% will need oxygen supply. Today in
India there are more than 1,800 cases and the numbers are increasing.
17. Utkala Dibasa, Odisha Statehood Day celebrated on April 1
Every year, the state of Odisha celebrates Utkal Divas on April 1. The tradition of the
celebration is being followed for 84 years now. Being the 9th largest state, the state is
rich in mineral resources. It is a major supplier of raw materials such as coal, iron ore to
several industries spread all over the country.
1. Highlights
The State of Odisha was established on April 1, 1936. It was established as a province of
British India on April 1, 1936. It was named Orissa. The English name was changed to
Odisha on November 4, 2011.
2. History
In 3rd Century BC, the state was ruled by the Great Emperor Ashoka. Later it was ruled
by several other monarchs such as the Harshas. During the 8th century the state was
known as Kosala and Utkala kingdoms. Even today the statehood day is celebrated as
“Utkal Divas”. Later in 16th century, Odisha was rued by Sultanate of Bengal. In mid-
18th century Odisha was under the rule of Marathas.
18. Food Corporation of India conducts E-Auction to meet goals of

Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Ann Yojana
On April 2, 2020, the Food Corporation of India is to conduct Open Market Sales Scheme
to ease the supply of Food Grains in the market. This is being done to ensure
uninterrupted supply of rice and wheat in the country during the lock down period
1. Highlights
The Food Corporation of India operating under Ministry of Consumer Affairs is ensuring
that the additional 5 kg per person to be included in the Public Distribution System under
the Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Ann Yojana reaches on time. So far, the FCI has
released 1.48 lakh metri tonnes of food grain from its stocks. This includes both rice and
wheat.
2. Open Auction
Usually under the National Food Security Act 5 kg of rice or wheat is allocated per
month. The launch of Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Ann Yojana increased this. In order to
ease the supply constraint in the market, FCI has opened the open auction scheme. This
will also help in supplying wheat to state governments and also to the empanelled flour
mills.
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19. COP26 postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic
On April 1, 2020, the United Nations announced that the Conference of Parties (COP 26)
that was to be held in Glasgow in November 2020 has been pushed to 2021. This is
being done over the threat of COVID-19 virus and its impact on the world.
1. Highlights
The COP 26 which is considered as an important climate negotiation since Paris
agreement has been delayed. The decision was taken after the UN Framework
Convention on Climate Change agreed to delay the talks.
2. Impacts
Delaying the talks has induced fear of easing governments over the targets set by the
Paris agreement. The 1.5 degree report of IPCC (Inter Governmental Panel on Climate
Change) had warned that the world will breach the 1.5 degree Celsius limit set between
2030 and 2052. Currently the world is 1.2 degrees warmer than the pre industrial levels.
The aim was to keep it under 1.5 degrees. This is because, at such temperature all the
corals in the planet would bleach off and die eventually affecting the marine ecosystem
to a great extent. This will slowly affect the global environment and survival on the
earth.
20. April 2: World Autism Awareness Day
Every year, the World Autism Awareness Day is observed on April 2 by the members of
United Nations. The day is observed to take measures to increase awareness about
Autism Spectrum Disorder.
1. Highlights
In all there are 7 health specific UN days. World Autism Awareness Day is one among the
seven. This is being observed since 2008. This year, the World Autism Awareness Day
has been launched under the theme
2. What is Autism?
Autism is a developmental disorder. People with autism face difficulties in social
interaction and communication. The related signs shall be noticed in the first three years
of the child’s life.
3. Factors associated with Autism

The Autism is caused due to genetic factors and environmental factors. It also includes
risk factors during pregnancy. They are alcohol, pesticides, fetal growth restriction, air
pollution and auto immune disease.
4. Significance
According to the United Nations, only half of those with autistic behaviour are employed
and around one-third autistic graduates are unemployed. Therefore, it is important to
increase awareness about autism and help autistic people lead normal lives.
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21. United Nations Nuclear Agency sends COVID-19 testing gears to 40

countries
The International Atomic Energy Agency, an autonomous wing of the United Nations has
sent COVID-19 testing gears to around 40 countries.
1. Highlights
The IAEA is known for its nuclear inspection works in countries such as Iran. It also helps
countries to use nuclear technology for peaceful purpose. The organization had recently
received requests from 90 countries for assistance with COVID-19 testing. The Nuclear
Agency has sent its help to 40 of those requests
2. Beneficiaries
The first set of beneficiaries include Iran, Kenya, Egypt, Nigeria, Vietnam, Cuba,
Thailand, Peru and Uruguay. They are receive testing gears of worth 4.37 million USD.
The recipients from Asia include Mongolia, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Laos, Cambodia, Myanmar
and Philippines. Other countries are from Africa and Latin America.
3. About the kit

The kits sent by IAEA uses the RT-PCR technique. In this technique, the RNA of the virus
is detected. RT-PCR is Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction. In this method, the
respiratory samples obtained from sputum or from nasopharyngeal swabs are tested.
22. United Nations Security council to meet on COVID-19 first time
On April 2, 2020, the current president of United Nations Security Council, Dominican
Republic announced that the world body is to meet over COVID-19 next week. The
rotating presidency of the 15-member council was taken by the Caribbean country from
the previous president China. China is a permanent member and has veto powers in the
council.
1. Highlights
The Council is planning to meet over teleconferencing. The primary responsibility of the
council is to deal with Geo-political peace and security. The public health security is not
under the mandate of the Council. Still, the Council is to meet to discuss on providing
human security in the matter. The meet comes after the UNSC faced criticism over its
silence on COVID-19. This is because, the council acted swiftly in 2014 at the times of
Ebola.
2. UNSC during Ebola

In 2014, UNSC adopted a resolution 2177, claiming that the unprecedented outbreak of
Ebola in Africa is a threat to “International Peace and Security”. The resolution urged
countries to provide urgent resources and medical assistance. This initiation of UNSC
involved several member nations and helped save many lives.
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3. Current Scenario
Today, the United States has the highest number of corona virus cases (2,13,372)
followed by Italy with 1,10,574 cases, Spain with 1,04,118, china with 82,361 cases. So
far 4,600 have died in the US due to the Corona Virus.
23. National Book Trust launched “Corona Studies” Book Series
The National Book Trust of India has launched the Corona Studies book series that
provide related information about the spreading Corona virus. The book series holds
materials suitable for all age groups.
1. Highlights
The initiative is being launched to bring in social, economic, psychological and cultural
awareness about the virus among the people. The series is to run for long time. Also, the
series will act as a platform for the researchers and authors to contribute their
knowledge in the genre. NBT aims to bring out the series in different Indian languages.

The National Book Trust was established in 1957. It currently operates under Ministry of
Human Resource Development. NBT recently launched Stay Home India with Books
initiative,
3. Stay Home India with Books

Under the initiative, the Ministry of HRD has uploaded more than 100 books. The aim of
the ministry is to help citizens spend quality time during the lock down.
24. DARPG: National Monitoring Dashboard launched
On April 1, 2020, the Minister of State for Personnel and Public Grievances Dr Jitendra
Singh launched the National Monitoring Dashboard on COVID-19. The dashboard is to be
developed and implemented by DARPG (Department of Administrative Reforms and
Public Grievances). The main objective of the dashboard is quick and timely
implementations of COVID-19 response and containment activities.
1. Highlights
A technical team has been formed to handle the public grievances on priority basis. The
team will receive grievances from all the states, union territories and ministries as well.
The portal is to address all types of grievances such as complaints regarding violation of
lock down, essential supplies, quarantine facilities, examinations, rescheduling of
interests of loans and requests of evacuation from foreign countries.
2. Legislation
Under provisions of Disaster Management Act, 2005, empowered group of officers was
constituted. The group suggested to set up National Monitoring Dashboard under
DARPG. Within 2 days of the launch more than 262 grievances were received from
Central Government and 83 grievances were received from State Governments.
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25. WhatsApp Chatbot of GoI launched to curb fake news crossed 1.7
crore users
The Government of India had earlier created Whats App Chatbot to curb fake news being
spread about COVID-19 virus in the country.
1. About the Chatbot

The Chatbot was launched to answer all the queries related to the virus. It is designed to
provide all the information related to COVID-19. At first, GoI launched MyGov Corona
Helpdesk when India was in Phase I, in the spread of the disease.
2. Significance
India is trying to contain the spread of the virus through every means. The Digital India
that helped reach internet to masses and “National Broadband Mission” that helped take
internet to remote places are now playing crucial role in spreading awareness about
COVID-19. The Mission aims to provide internet
3. What is a Chatbot?
A Chatbot uses the technology of Artificial Intelligence. It is a computer program
designed to simulate human conversations. It operates independently without a human
operator. In simple terms, a computer answers queries generated by the users.
26. Arogya Setu: Mulit-Lingual Mobile Application launched by GoI to

track COVID-19
On April 2, 2020, National Informatics Center operating under Ministry of Electronics and
Information Technology has developed an application “Arogya Sethu”. The app alerts the
person whenever he comes in contact within six feet of COVID-19 infected person.
1. Key Features of the App

The application uses Bluetooth and GPS of a smart phone to inform the user if he is in a
radius of 6 feet from a COVID-19 infected person. The application also provides
information about the best practices and advisories regarding containment of the virus.
2. Privacy component of the Application

While the app searches for information about COVID-19 patient, it does not disturb the
privacy of the patient. The privacy policy of the application clearly states that the user
data extracted will not be shared with third party.
27. Project Prana: Indigenous ventilators developed by IISc Bengaluru

scientists and students
The students and scientists of IISc Bengaluru have developed indigenous ventilators
under “Project Prana”.
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1. Highlights
The ventilator was made using pressure sensor that widely finds its application in
automobile industry. Apart from the sensor, the scientists also used Reverse Osmosis
Water Filters. The pressure and flow parameters in the ventilator are controlled by using
PLC board. A PLC board is a programmable Logic Controller board. It is mainly used for
programming purposes. The ventilator mixes oxygen with compressed air.
2. Significance
With COVID-19 patients facing breathing difficulties, countries are competing to increase
their stock. India is highly dependent on its imports for medical equipment like
ventilators. India imports its ventilators from Switzerland.
3. Indian Navy
Recently Naval Dockyard supplied its MOM (Multi-feed Oxygen Manifold) ventilators to
Andhra Pradesh Government. The MOM ventilator is portable and is capable of serving 6
patients at a time.
April 3, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
28. PM Modi discusses COVID-19 measures with the Chief Ministers
On April 2, 2020, PM Modi interacted with the chief ministers of the states through video
conferencing. He discussed COVID-19 measures being taken at central and state level.
1. Highlights
The Prime Minister insisted on a common strategy to ensure re-emergence as the Lock
Down ends. India is currently working on the strategy of minimum loss of life.
2. Key outcomes of the meet

 The steps to contain cases arising from Nizamuddin Markaz were discussed.
 PM suggested the CMs to reach out to social welfare organizations and community leaders.
 A community-oriented approach is the need of the moment
 PM insisted on setting up of Crisis Management Group at district level.
 More focus should be provided towards social distancing, quarantining suspect cases,
tracking suspect cases. Steps should also be taken to strengthen medical work force, tele-
medicines, distribution of food and taking care of migrant workers.
29. New E-NAM Features launched by the Agricultural Ministry
On April 2, 2020, the Union Ministry of Agriculture launched new features of National
Agriculture Market. This aims to strengthen agricultural marketing of farmers. The main
objective of the features are to reduce the congestion at mandis that will help fight
against COVID-19.
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1. Features
The Ministry has launched new software modules on the E-NAM platform. They include
2. Current Scenario
According to the Agricultural Ministry, currently there are 585 mandis operating in 16
states have been integrated with the e-NAM portal. There are plans to expand e-NAM to
add 415 more mandis to the platform.
30. Action Covid-19 Team launched in India: First of its kind in the world
The Action COVID Team was launched by top fund mangers of private sector and blue-
chip venture capital firm.
1. Significance
The Team gained its popularity lately as Rs 1 crore was bagged by the Mylab from the
fund set up by the team. Mylab is the first Indian firm to get permission to make and sell
corona testing kit. GoI is currently using and promoting indigenously made kits. India at
the G20 summit turned down the suggestion of using IMF (International Monetary Fund)
kits and sticks to using indigenously made kits for testing of the virus.
2. Highlights
The initiative is first of its kind in the world. The team will raise funds and will identify
ventures that are working on products and services to fight against Covid-19. So far, the
team has raised 40% of the grant. It had set up a target of Rs 100 crores. The team was
recently appreciated by the Union Minister of Commerce and Industry during his video
conferencing with the startups in the country.
31. Bio Suit developed by DRDO for health professionals to fight against
COVID-19
A Bio Suit has been developed by the Defence Research and Development Organization
(DRDO) to keep the medical professionals working with COVID-19 safe. The Organization
has used its expertise in textiles, nanotechnology and coating to bring out the product
1. Highlights
The suit exceeds the criteria set by the Ministry of Health and Family welfare for the
body suits of protection against synthetic blood. Synthetic blood is artificially made
blood that will keep a patient under trauma alive up to 48 hours. Synthetic blood is made
from Perfluorocarbons.
2. Special Component
A special sealant has been used to seam the seals. The sealant is currently used in
submarine applications. The use of this glue in the suit making process is expected to
make a revolution in the textile industry. DRDO also has plans to mass produce the glue
to support seam sealing activities of suit manufacturers.
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3. PPP model
The suits are to be produced at large scale. Currently the suit production capacity is
7,000 suits per day.
32. A New Low-Cost Temperature Gun developed by Indian Navy
The Mumbai Naval Dockyard has designed a low-cost IR based temperature sensor. The
sensor is to be used to check the personnel entering at the gates of the yard.
1. Highlights
The instrument was manufactured at less than Rs 1000. The manufacturing cost is
fraction of the instruments used in the market. The accuracy of the temperature gun is
0.2 degree Celsius. The temperature gun has a LED display and an infrared sensor
2. Need
The Naval Dockyard has more than 20,000 personnel entering ever day. Since the
outbreak of the virus, temperature guns and non-contact thermometers have become
scarce in the country. Thus, this new temperature gun will help the Dockyard to quicken
its screening process.
3. Infrared Thermometers
The IR thermometer like the one made by the dockyard uses lens to focus infrared light.
It works on a principle called Black body radiation.
4. Significance
Such low cost affordable medical equipment are at large need at the moment as the
world is under health emergency. They will help fight against virus more efficiently.
33. Exercise NCC Yogdan launched to fight COVID-19
On April 2, 2020, the National Cadet Corps (NCC) launched “Exercise NCC Yogdan” to
offer a helping hand to the authorities fighting against COVID-19.
1. Highlights
Under the exercise, the NCC cadets are envisaged to work in call centres and helpline
centres formed exclusively for COVID-19, community assistance, distribution of relief
materials, medicines and other essential food commodities, data management and
traffic management.
2. The Plan
Under the exercise, the senior NCC volunteers above 18 years of age are to be
employed. The plan is to use the NCC force to assist state governments. However, NCC
operates under Ministry of Defence. Therefore, the state governments have to place
request to the state NCC directorates upon using NCC volunteer to assist in their relief
measures.
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3. About NCC
The NCC is the largest uniformed organization in the country. Also, it the largest youth
organization in the country. They are often deployed during natural calamities such as
floods, cyclones, etc.
34. Ex-Service Men rise to “Service Before Self” to fight COVID-19
The Indian Army serves under the motto “Service Before Self”. Continuing to live with
the motto even after retirement, the department of Ex-service men operating under
Ministry of Defence took the initiative to mobilize ex-servicemen to assist state and
district administration.
1. Highlights
The Zila Sainik Boards and Rajya Sainik Boards are currently identifying Ex-Service men
volunteers. They are to be deployed in management of quarantine facilities, community
surveillance and data collection at village and district levels.
2. Significance
With the number of COVID-19 cases raising in India, there is high demand for work
forces to help contain the disease. In this scenario, trained disciplined profession army
men are precious resource of the country to exploit in.
35. GoI launches “COVID-19 Fact Check Unit”
On April 2, 2020, the Government of India has launched the “COVID-19 Fact Check Unit”
under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting.
1. Highlights
The unit is to operate through GMAIL. It will get messages at pibfactcheck@gmail.com
and send response at the earliest. It will also act as a source of information provider
about COVID-19.
2. Other Measures to curb fake news

The GoI has lately launched several initiatives to curb the spread of fake news about the
virus. It had launched a WhatsApp Chatbot to answer the queries of the public about
COVID-19. The GoI has issued directives to the social media companies to curb the fake
news about community transmission of the virus in the country. According to WHO,
community transmission is the third phase of spread of the virus. Currently India is in the
second phase. Ministry of Home Affairs has asked the state governments to create web
portals at state level to help people verify facts about the virus in local languages.
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36. Department of Science and Technology to manufacture automated
Ventilators
On April 2, 2020 the Department of Science and Technology toed up with the Wipro 3D
to jointly build proto type of automated ventilators.
1. Highlights
The ventilators will help in meeting urgent requirement of Covid-19 crisis. The
ventilators are called AMBU (Artificial Manual Breathing Unit). They are hand held
devices that will provide automatic pressurized ventilation to the patients that are not
breathing or facing extreme difficulties in breathing
2. What is the plan?

Currently, there are only 40,000 ventilators in India. And India is importing ventilators
mainly from Switzerland. In order to address the issue, several step are being taken by
the GoI to promote organizations to manufacture ventilators in the country. The AMBU is
one such initiative. The ventilator design uses readily available components and hence is
easy to build
3. Benefits
The AMBU is portable and hence will be ideal to suit the temporary hospital beds set up
in railway coaches. It has provisions to add PEEP (positive end expiratory pressure) as an
extra component in order to maintain pressure.
37. National Corona Survey conducted in 410 districts
On April 2, 2020, the Union Minister Jitendra Sigh released National Preparedness Survey
on COVID-19. The survey was conducted in 410 districts in 3 working days.
1. Objective of the survey

The survey was conducted in order to achieve the following
2. Key Highlights of the survey

The survey was conducted by distributing questionnaire to district
magistrates/collectors. They were asked to register into portals and submit replies. The
findings of the survey are as follows
38. Corona Kavach: Application launched by GoI to locate a COVID-19

positive patient
On April 2, 2020, the Government of India launched Corona Kavach application to map
the location of a COVID-19 positive patient through GPS.
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1. Highlights
The application has been launched by India after learning about its success in the
countries such as South Korea and Singapore. The “Corona Kavach” application tracks
the data of the user every hour. It then alerts him if he has crossed a Corona Positive
patient.
2. Contraries
Though the application is highly useful to bring back normalcy while fighting COVID-19,
privacy activists raise concerns about the app. The activists are concerned that the apps
are coming up without any legal framework in place.
3. How will the app help in normalcy?

GoI is making every step to bring back normalcy in the country after the Lock Down. An
expert panel of higher officials from different ministries has been formed and is working
towards this.
39. United Nations adopts first resolution on Corona Virus
On April 3, 2020, the United Nations approved the resolution that called upon
international cooperation to fight against COVID-19. The resolution also calls for its
member nations to adopt multilateralism.
1. Highlights
The United Nations resolution was adopted by 188 nations. This is the first resolution
adopted by the organization since the pandemic. The resolution called for intensified
international cooperation, exchange of information, applying relevant guidelines for the
WHO.
2. Resolution in silence mode

There was no meeting held to pass the resolution. The resolution was adopted in silent
mode. The UNGA has announced that the draft resolution is to stay open till April 2 for
the member countries to object. If not objected the organization will circulate a
confirmation letter among its member countries.
3. Significance
The resolution was adopted as the number of infected cases in the world crossed over 1
million. The UN addresses the deadly virus as the most challenging crisis since World
War II.
40. World Games, 2021 postponed to avoid clash with Tokyo Olympics
The 2021 World Games that was scheduled to be held in Birmingham, Alabama was
postponed to 2022. This is being done to avoid the clash with Tokyo Olympics.
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1. Highlights
The World Games is held once in four years. It features 32 sports that are not a part of
the Olympics. These games were scheduled to be conducted in Birmingham, Alabama.
With the Olympics being postponed to July 2021, the world games have been postponed
to July 2022.
2. About the World Games

The World Games had planned to host 3,600 athletes from 100 countries. This included
sports such as bowling, martial arts, squash, wheelchair rugby, billiards, etc.
April 4, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
41. Arogya Sanjeevani Insurance Policy: IRDAI launches Guidelines
The Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) has provided
guidelines for the health insurance providers to implement Arogya Sanjeevani Insurance
Policy. The regulator had earlier made it mandatory for the insurance providers to frame
a policy to provide basic coverage to at least 55% of Indian population.
1. About the policy

The “Arogya Sanjeevani Insurance Policy” guidelines was basically launched to cover the
hospitalisation expenses of the COVID-19 patients. The policy is not brought by GoI
rather instructed by GoI. So far policies of 29 health and insurance companies to cover
COVID-19 have been approved by IRDAI.
2. Guidelines of the Policy

The cost of the premium shall cover between Rs 1000 and Rs 1 lakh. Interested
customers shall opt for coverage up to Rs 5 lakhs. It is to be availed for citizens above
the age of 18 years and up to the age of 65 years. The room rent shall also be covered
under the policy. It has been capped at 2% of the sum.
42. Three Schemes launched to boost Electronic Manufacturing Sector
The Government of India has launched three incentive schemes to boost electronics
manufacturing in the country. The scheme will provide incentives of 4% to 6% when a
company shows increased sales on electronic products.
1. Highlights
The incentives offered under the scheme are of worth Rs 48,000 crores. The companies
shall claim the incentives from August 1, 2020. These include
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2. Production Linked Incentive Scheme
This is the largest scheme of all the three schemes. It will provide 4% to 6% incentives
on electronics products that show incremental sales. This includes electronic products
such as Printed Circuit Boards, photopolymer film, Marking and Packaging Units.
3. EMC 2.0
The main objective of the scheme is to provide support to companies that are creating
world class infrastructure in the Electronics sector. The scheme has been launched
under National Policy for Electronics 2019. It aims to make India a global hub of mobile
manufacturing.
3.1. Key Features

The scheme aims to provide grant assistance to set up both brown field and green field
EMCs. The first phase of EMC had approved 20 Green field projects and 3 common
facility centres in around 15 states. The EMC 2.0 has been launched strengthen the
infrastructure base of the country in Electronics sector.
4. SPECS
The scheme provides incentive of 25% of the capital spent on establishing an electronics
plant, equipment, machinery, technology, etc.
43. Hotspot Areas of COVID-19 identified and Antibody Tests in Hotspots

approved
The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has identified 20 Covid-19 hotspots in the
country. Though there are no community transmission in the country, ministry is take
these hotspots strictly. Also, 22 potential hotspots have been identified.
1. Antibody Tests
As the ministry identified hotspots, the ICMR (Indian Council of Medical Research) was
put on action in these areas. The ICMR is to conduct antibody tests in the hotspots. The
aim is to identify individuals that do not show symptoms but still have released antibody
into their blood stream due to COVID-19 infection.
2. About the test

The tests are rapid and the results will be available in 15 to 20 minutes. The RT-PCR
(Reverse Transcription-PCR) test is to be conducted to check the presence of antibodies.
The main purpose of conducting the test is to identify asymptomatic COVID-19 patients.
44. Bharat Biotech to develop intranasal Vaccine for Covid-19
Bharat Biotech along with virologists of University of Wisconsin and Madison have begun
development and testing of a new vaccine called CoroFlu for COVID-19.
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1. Highlights
The vaccine is to be developed with the M2SR vaccine as the main component. The
M2SR vaccine is used against flu. The M2SR is a self-limiting version of the influenza
virus. It induces immune response against flu.
2. The Vaccine
The gene sequences of SARS-CoV-2 that causes the COVID-19 disease is to be inserted
into the M2SR. This will induce immunity against corona virus. The process is expected
to take three to six months. The vaccine will be delivered intranasally.
3. The Plan
The Bharat Biotech is to manufacture around 300 million doses of the vaccine. The doses
are to be distributed all over the world.
4. Bharat Biotech
Bharat Biotech is an Indian Biotechnology company. It is headquartered at Hyderabad. It
was founded by Krishna Ella, an Indian Scientist. It is the first bio-pharma company
audited and approved by the Korean Food and Drugs Administration, Hyderabad.
45. India seeks 6 billion USD loans from ADB, AIIB
The World Bank has funded 1 billion USD to India to fight against COVID-19. With the
COVID-19 cases increasing further, India seeks 6 billion USD from ADB and AIIB
1. Highlights
The Indian Economy is to take a major hit with the 21-day lock down. The Asian
Development Bank has predicted that India’s growth rate is to be 4% in the fiscal year
2020-21. The bank had earlier predicted that the growth rate is to be 6%. The Fitch
Ratings cut India’s Growth rate to 2% from its initial forecast of 5.1%.
2. Funds
With the number of COVID-19 cases increasing in the country, India currently needs to
increase its testing numbers. Alongside, India should also concentrate on its economic
activities to keep the economy running. Though GoI has launched several initiatives, it
needs funds to provide health assistance to millions of people in the second populous
country in the world.
46. Operation Sanjeevani: 6.2 million tonnes of essential medicines

supplied to Maldives
The Indian Air Force recently delivered 6.2 million tonnes of essential medicines to
Maldives under Operation Sanjeevani.
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1. Highlights
The Indian Air Force airlifted the medicines in Hercules C-130J. The medicines included
lopinavir and ritonavir, influenza vaccines. Apart from medicines, the IAF also delivered
nebulisers, catheters, urine bags and feeding tubes.
2. Other Medical Assistance

In March 2020, India sent a 14-member medical team to Maldives to set up a viral
testing lab. Also, it gifted 5.5 tonnes of essential medicines.
3. Other Operations for Maldives

Operation Cactus was conducted in 1988 to help Maldives Government neutralize coup
attempt. In 201, Operation Neer was conducted to help Maldives with its drinking water
crisis.
4. India-Maldives
Ekuverin is the joint military exercise conducted between India and Maldives. 70% of
military training requirements of Maldives are provided by India. India is the fourth
largest trade partner of Maldives after UAE, China and Singapore.
47. COVID-19 Quarantine Alert System: Geo Fencing application to

locate Quarantine Violators
The Department of Telecommunications has issued Standard Operating Procedure for

the use of COVID-19 Quarantine Alert System (CQAS). The CAQS is an application used
to track COVID-19 patients who have violated quarantine.
1. Highlights
The application was developed by DoT and C-DoT (Centre for Development of
Telematics). The app collects phone data of the quarantine violator and alerts a local
agency. The application uses Geo-Fencing technology.
2. Geo-Fencing
The Geo-Fencing technology uses software such as RFID, GPS, Wi-Fi to trigger a pre-
programmed module. The technology allows to set up a virtual boundary called “Geo
Fence”. When a mobile enters of exits the geofence, the pre-programmed module starts
running. The program then sends alerts to authorised agencies.
3. The Indian Telegraph Act, 1885

The Centre uses the Indian Telegraph Act, 1885 to gain powers to fetch information
about the quarantined persons from the telecom companies. The information is obtained
every 15 minutes. The Section 5 of the act authorises both the state and central
governments to gain information about the phone users.
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48. National Health Authority partners with Uber: Dedicated Transport
Services for Health care workers
The National Health Authority has partnered with Uber India to provide dedicated
transport services to the health care workers that are involved in treating COVID-19
patients.
1. The Plan
UBER is to facilitate 150 free cars in the major cities such as Kanpur, New Delhi, Patna,
Prayagraj, Ghazidabad, Noida and Lucknow. The facility is being launched under the
name “UberMEdic Service”. These vehicles are to equipped with a roof to floor plastic
enclosing that will act as a protective barrier between the driver and the rider.
2. National Health Authority

The NHA is the apex body that implements ayushman Bharat. It was established in 2018.
The National Health Agency was replaced with National Health Authority. It is governed
by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. The Health Minister is the chairperson of
the MHA board. There are 11 members in the board.
49. CARUNA: An initiative by the civil servants to fight against COVID-19
On April 4, 2020, the associations of civil servants formed an initiative called CARUNA.
CARUNA is Civil Services Associations Reach to Support Natural Disasters.
1. Highlights
CARUNA is a collaborative platform. It includes IAS and IPS officers. The platform is to be
represented by NGO, industry leaders, IT professionals along with the civil servants. The
initiative is being launched to support government efforts to fight Corona Virus.
2. What is the role of CARUNA?

As civil servants are spread out all over the country, the initiative is an ideal platform to
assist and supplement government effort. It will help in generating data base of
information about migration, medical equipment, essential supplies, ventilators and
masks.
50. How is the power system to be managed during lights off on April 5,
2020?
On April 3, 2020, PM Modi addressed India to switch off their lights at 9 PM for nine
minutes and light lamps or candle. This is being done to show the united strength of the
country against the virus.
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1. Concerns on Power System during Lights Off
When everyone switches off the light at 9 PM, there is to be a dip in consumption of
power on the day. This will impact the power plants greatly. The impact will affect the
frequency of the power supplied to the other electric equipment such as fridge, A/C,
compressors, washing machines, etc that are to remain ON.
2. Action Plan
The Electricity authorities have studied the power consumption patterns in the states.
They have concluded that the dip and surge in power during light off is to be in the order
of 12 to 14 GW. This is 10% of the total electricity consumed in the country.
51. GoI set up Science-Technology Empowered Committee to speed up

COVID-19 solutions
The Government of India has constituted a Science and Technology Empowered

Committee to make speedy decisions on research and development of COVID-19.
1. Highlights
The Committee is to be chaired by Niti Aayog member Vinod Paul and K Vijay Raghavan.
Mr Raghavan is the principal scientific advisor to GoI. The committee will coordinate with
scientists, science agencies , regulatory bodies and industries.

The Committee has consented the institutes operating under Department of Science and
Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Department of Atomic Energy, CSIR, DRDO
and IIScs to prepare their labs towards research and testing of COVID-19. The research
of testing methodologies are to be stratified by the institutes based on the priorities set
by ICMR (Indian Council of Medical Research).
3. Steps taken so far

The medical institutes operating directly under the Central government have taken up
the following researches
52. An Online Hackathon, “Hack the Crisis” launched to work solutions

for COVID-19
The Minister of electronics and IT & HRD Shri Sanjay Dhotre launched “Hack the Crisis-
India”. It is an online hackathon that aims to work on solutions for COVID-19.
1. Highlights
The initiative is being organized by “FICCI Ladies Organization” and “Hack a Cause-
India”. The initiative is supported by Ministry of Electronics and IT. The Hackathon is a
part of Global initiative.
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2. The Global Initiative
The “Hack the Crisis” began in Estonia. A private firm Accelerate Estonia along with
other start ups launched the online event. More than 2000 participated and it was a
huge hit. Following its success, they have taken it globally with the help of several other
start-ups, government institutions and private sector units.
53. GoI: 30% of Corona Virus cases due to Tablighi Jamaat incident
The Government of India has traced 1,023 cases of COVID-19 to Tablighi Jamaat
congregation. The Contact Tracing across 17 states have led to Tablighi Jamaat
Congregation.
1. Tablighi Jamaat
It is a religious congregation that took place in Nizamuddin Markaz Mosque. The incident
has emerged to be the 30% source of spread of the virus in the country. Out of all the
states, Tamil Nadu is the worst affected. This is because, out of 386 cases, 259 of the
cases in Tamil Nadu attended the event.
2. What is Contract Tracing?

Contract Tracing is to find out how the virus has transmitted. It is the process to identify,
assess and manage people having exposed to the disease. Guidelines of GoI states that
contact tracing must be implemented within 48 hours of reporting.
3. National Security Act

The act extends to the whole of India. It empowers the Central and State Governments
to invoke the act to maintain public order.
54. Study: Impacts of COVID-19 lowered due to BCG Vaccination
Researchers of biomedical sciences of New York Institute of Technology say that the
countries such as Netherlands, Italy and United States are more severely affected than
countries with BCG policies. The Bacilus Calmette-Guerin vaccine that had been
administered in India to protect the children against Tuberculosis, according to the study
might be a game changer.
1. Key Highlights of the Study

Iran, according to the study started BCG programme late in 1984, had elevated mortality
rate. Brazil on the other hand that began the programme early had lower mortality rate.
Around 180 countries were studied. Out of these 157 are currently using BCG
programme. Several European countries that have higher mortality rates have dropped
the programme between 1963 and 2010.
2. BCG Vaccine
The vaccine is a part of universal immunization programme. The vaccine is a live
weakened form of mycobacterium bovis that causes TB in cattle. The bacteria that
causes TB in humans is mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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3. Immunization Programme
India has the highest burden of TB in the world. The BCG programme was introduced in
1948 in the country. The BCG had already proved its effectiveness against SARS
infection.
4. India’s opinion in the study

India believes that more scientific details are required to confirm the study and create
an action plan based on these findings. However, Australia has already stepped into the
research on the success of BCG vaccination against COVID-19
April 5, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
55. TB Machines approved by ICMR for COVID-19 testing
On April 4, 2020, the Indian Council of Medical Research approved the use of
Tuberculosis machine for conducting COVID-19 tests.
1. Highlights
Currently India is using the RT-PCR (Real time-Polymerase Chain Reaction) testing
recommended by the US and approved by FDA. Along with this, the ICMR has
recommended the use of Truenat test. The Truenat test is currently used to detect drug-
resistant TB.
2. About Truenat
The Truenat is a battery-operated device that requires minimal training. The device uses
chip-based technology and takes minimum of 60 minutes for a test. There are four-way
truenat machines available in India. These machines are capable of running 32 to 48
samples of multiple diseases.
3. Current Scenario
Today there are total of 800 Truenat machines in India. OF these 457 are in Andhra
Pradesh. Around 150 to 200 of these 800 machines are two way machines that are
capable of processing 16 to 24 samples in an hour.
56. JEEVAN: Railway makes low cost prototype of Ventilator; ICMR to

test the prototype
JEEVAN, is a low-cost energy efficient ventilator made by the Rail Coach Factory,
Kapurthala. The cost of the machine is fraction of what the original designs cost.
1. Highlights
The prototype is to be tested by ICMR before mass production. The cost of the machine
is around Rs 10,000 without a compressor.
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2. About the prototype
The ventilator consists of an air container which is considered as the heart of the device.
The machine is completely silent. It does not use link mechanism, servo motor or piston
mechanism. Also, the design was built from scratch and not from reverse engineering.
57. Asian Youth Games to be held in China in November 2021
The Olympic Council of Asia announced that the third Asian Youth Games is to be held in
China in November 2021. Around 18 Olympic games such as rock climbing, athletics,
gymnastics, aquatics, boat racing are to be included.
1. Asian Youth Games

The Asian Youth Games is held once in four years. It is organized by the Olympic Council
of Asia. It is the second largest sports gamed after the Asian Games. The first Asian
Youth Games was held in 2011 in Singapore, later in 2013 in China. More than 2,500
athletes take part in Asian Youth games every time.
2. Olympic Council of Asia

It is the governing body of sports events in Asia. India is a member of Olympic Council of
Asia. The transcontinental countries Armenia, Georgia, Turkey and Azerbaijan are all are
not part of Asia Olympic Council. They opted to join European Olympic committees.
Though majority of its territory lies in Russia, it belongs to Russian Olympic Committee.
58. FIFA Under 17 Women’s World Cup postponed to November
The Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) or the International

Federation of Association Football has postponed the Under-17 Women’s world cup to
November 2020.
1. Highlights
The FIFA Federations decided that the Under-17 and Under-20 Women’s World Cup be
postponed. The Under-20 women’s FIFA world cup was planned to be conducted in
Panama Costa Rica. The Under-17 Women’s FIFA world cup was scheduled to be
conducted in Indian cities such as Guwahati, Navi Mumbai, Ahmedabad, Bhubaneswar
and Kolkata.
2. FIFA
FIFA is an international governing body that conducts football, beach soccer and
efootball tournaments. It was founded in 1904. The headquarters of the association is
located in Zurich, Switzerland.
3. India and FIFA

The men team of India currently under the captainship of Sunil Chhetri has never
participated in the FIFA world cup. After independence in 1947, India qualified for world
cup. However, withdrew from the tournament as Indian players were not allowed to play
bear foot and also due to expenses. Till today, team is yet to qualify the tournament.
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59. “Mo Prativa”: Odisha-UNICEF Programme to engage children during

Lock Down
The Odisha Government recently launched “Mo Prativa” programme in collaboration with
UNICEF (United Nations Children’s Funds).
1. Highlights
The programme has been launched for the children to participate in online competitions
such as writing slogans, drawings, short story writing, paintings, etc. Under this
programme, children have to upload their works and they will receive certificate every
week.
2. About UNICEF
The United Nations Children’s Fund is a humanitarian and developmental organization. It
is headquartered in New York city. It was basically created to provide immediate relief
funds to mothers and children affected due to world war II. Later it was extended to work
on the long-term needs of children and women, especially in developing countries.
April 6, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
60. Ayushman Bharat: 50 Crore poor eligible for testing and treatment
On April 5, 2020, Union Health Minister Harsha Vardhan announced that over 50 crore
vulnerable and poor citizens are eligible under Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana
(Ayushman Bharat).
1. Highlights
Under Ayushman Bharat, the testing for the poor and vulnerable, (that is the citizens
eligible to claim benefits under the scheme) has been made free. The testing of COVID-
19 in public facilities are already free. The hospitals empaneled under the scheme shall
tie up with an authorized testing facility to test for COVID-19.
2. About Ayushman Bharat

The Scheme is currently being implemented by National Health Authority. Under the
scheme, the beneficiaries are provided with Rs 5 lakhs (per family). The beneficiaries are
identified from the SECC (Socio-Economic Caste Census). After, identification the
beneficiaries are considered as insured. The insurance amount when in need are shared
between the centre and the state in the ratio 60:40.
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61. GoI: Guidelines for Quarantine issued
On April 5, 2020, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare issued guidelines for
quarantine. According to the guidelines, the quarantine is separation and restriction of
movement. It shall be applied to an individual or a group of persons.
1. Key Highlights of Quarantine

 The Quarantine shall be preferably placed in the outskirts.
 The Quarantine facilities are labeled as follows
Low Risk Areas-They are the areas that have less direct contact with the evacuees.
Moderate risk areas-They are the areas where the suspects use pillow, linen, clothes. In other
words, there are contaminated surfaces that might come in contact with the attending health
personnel
High risk areas-They are also called containment quarantine camp. These areas include the
sample collection room, medical examination room, bathroom areas, areas of bio-waste
collection, disposal, etc.
 Low Risk Areas-They are the areas that have less direct contact with the evacuees.
 Moderate risk areas-They are the areas where the suspects use pillow, linen, clothes. In other
words, there are contaminated surfaces that might come in contact with the attending health
personnel
 High risk areas-They are also called containment quarantine camp. These areas include the
sample collection room, medical examination room, bathroom areas, areas of bio-waste
collection, disposal, etc.
 The Health care professionals from now on should be trained according to these guidelines.
 The Quarantine people are tested twice a day, in the morning and evening. They are placed
in quarantine for 14 days and are discharged after a final test.
2. Bio-Medical Waste Management

The bio-medical waste at the site of collection should be treated with 1% of hypochlorite
solution.
62. Food Corporation of India sets record: Movement of 1.93 lakh tonnes
of grains in one day
The Food Corporation has made sure that there is no disruption in the supply of essential
goods to the citizens since the lock down. Abiding to its determined goal of serving the
citizens, the FCI has set a new record. It has moved about 1.93 lakh tonnes of food
grains in a single day on April 3, 2020
1. Highlights
The FCI had moved 1.41 lakh tonnes of food grains during the 12 days since the
beginning of lock down. Of the total food grains transported during this period, 46%
were from Punjab. Following Punjab, food grains were also transported from Haryana,
Telangana, Chhattisgarh. Odisha and Andhra Pradesh.
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2. Current Scenario
In order to meet the requirements of National Food Security Act, the FCI is providing
wheat and rice directly. The usual E-Auction route has currently been put on hold. This is
being done to ensure there is continuous supply of food grains in the market. The GoI is
supplying FCI delivered food grains through Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Ann Yojana.
63. NASA’s Artemis: First Human Base Camp on moon’s south pole by
2024
The NASA project Artemis aims at placing first woman and next man on the moon. The
project aims to build a base camp on the moon’s south pole.
1. Highlights
The Artemis project aims to land humans on the moon by 2024. The project also aims to
make a one month or two-month stay on the moon. This project is first of its kind as no
country has launched a stay mission to the moon.
2. About Artemis
The project is carried out in collaboration with European Space Agency, Canadian Space
Agency, Japan Space Agency and Australian Space Agency.
3. Artemis
In Greek Culture, Artemis is the daughter of Leto and Zeus. She was the twin sister of
Apollo and was the protector of young girls. She was worshipped as the primary goddess
of midwifery and child birth. Her temple Ephesus was one of the seven wonders of the
ancient world. The temple is currently located in Ionia, Turkey.
64. Empowered Group constituted to coordinate COVID-19 related

Response Activities
On April 5, 2020, the Government of India constituted an empowered group under the
chairmanship of NITI Aayog CEO Amitabh Kant. The group will coordinate with NGOs,
private sector and international organizations for COVID-19 related response activities.
1. Highlights
The Group consists of three branches of stakeholder. In the first group, the stakeholders
are from UN Agencies, Asian Development Bank and World Bank. The second group is
from civil society organizations and the third group is from FICCI, CII, NASSCOM,
ASSSOCHAM, etc. So far, these groups have conducted six meetings with international
organizations, industry associations.
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2. Significance
The group points out the areas where the country needs support. They follow the
methods and protocols adopted by India and other countries all over the world. India has
framed its “Joint Programme Response Plan” based on the recommendations made by
the group. The plan has been submitted to NITI Aayog. It delivers activities required in
different states and union territories.
65. April 7: World Health Day
Every year, April 7 is marked as the World Health Day. The day is marked to celebrate
the work of midwives and nurses for their role in keeping the world safety and healthy.
This year, 2020, has added significance of marking the World Health Day for the year
being celebrated as International Year of Nurse and Midwife.
1. Highlights
The World Health Day is marked by World Health Organization along with several other
organizations. On the world health day, the State of World Nursing Report, 2020 is to be
released. Every year, the theme of the World Health Day is selected by WHO. This year
the day is to be marked under the theme
2. History
WHO held the first world health assembly in 1948. The day is celebrated every year to
mark WHO’s founding. The WHO marks only eight campaigns officially. World Health Day
is one among them. The other campaigns include World Malaria Day. World Tuberculosis
Day, World Immunization Week, World No Tobacco Day, World AIDS Day, World Hepatitis
Day and World Blood Donor Day.
66. ICMR approves India’s first home screening test kit of COVID-19
The Indian Council of Medical Research recently approved the home testing COVID-19 kit
that was designed by a startup called Bione.
1. Highlights
The prices of the kit ranges between Rs 2,000 and Rs 3,000. In order to take the test,
one has to clean his or her finger with alcohol and use the lancet in the kit to prick the
finger. The kit examines the blood that oozes out from the pick and displays the result in
5 to 10 minutes.
2. About Bione
The company is headquartered in Bengaluru and is the first company to bring in Next
Generation Sequencing in India. Today it is the only company in the country that is
offering personalized Genetic and microbiome testing.
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3. Next Generation Sequencing
It is the technology that allows a person to determine the sequence of DNA molecules.
The technology basically determines the order of four bases of a DNA molecule namely
adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine.
67. Army Medical Corps 256th Raising Day celebrated
On April 3, 2020, the Army Medical Corps Raising Day was celebrated under the motto
1. Highlights
The Army Medical Corps have been actively involved in establishing isolation, screening
and treatment facilities for armed personnel. This is being done even now, in the
ongoing COVID-19 crisis. They are known for their quality patient care
2. Army Medical Corps

The Army Medical Corps provide medical services to army personnel along with their
families. The Army Medical Corps was established in 1943 amalgamating Indian Medical
Services, Indian Hospital and Nursing Corps and Indian Medical Department. Until 1918,
the Indian troops had no separate station hospital facilities.
3. Indian Medical Service

The Indian Medical Service was the major contributor of the Army Medical Corps. IT was
formed in 1612 when East India Company was formed. Indianization of the service began
in 1912. Till then only British doctors and surgeons were appointed and British personnel
were given priority.
68. Prana Vayu: Low Cost Portable Ventilator developed by IIT Roorkee
With only 40,000 ventilators in India, the demand for ventilators are increasing day by
day as the number of cases of COVID-19 are increasing day by day. In order to fulfil the
demands, IIT Roorkee has developed low cost portable ventilator called “Prana Vayu”.
1. Highlights
The portable ventilators are highly suited for the modified railway coaches. So far, more
than 20,000 coaches have been modified into hospital beds. With increasing demands,
around 70 railway coaches are to be modified into isolation wards.
2. About Prana Vayu

The ventilator delivers required amount of air to the patient based on controlled
operation of the prime mover. It controls the flow rates of oxygen in inhalation and
exhalation lines by controlling the pressure applied. The ventilator shall be used for all
age groups. The major benefit of the design is that the manufacturing time of the
ventilator is minimal. The ventilator design was presented to 450 companies at the
webinar organized by CII.
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69. GoI: “MHRD AICTE COVID-19 Student Helpline portal” launched
The Ministry of Human Resource and Development has launched “MHRD AICTE COVID-
19 Student Helpline Portal”. The portal aims to support students facing difficulties due to
closure of hostel and colleges.
1. Highlights
The ministry has launched a website https://helpline.aicte-india.org with the main
objective of connecting those who are in need of help with those that are willing to help.
Under this initiative, the students will be supported with examinations, scholarships,
online classes, food, health, transport, etc. Around 6,500 colleges have come forward to
provide support.
2. AICTE
The AICTE is All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE). It is a statutory body
operating under Ministry of HRD. It was an advisory body till 1945 and gained statutory
status after parliament passed a law in 1987. The Council has powers to determine
examination rules, curriculum, fee structure, etc. However, according to Supreme Court
judgement 2013, the council has no rights to enforce sanction on an educational
institution.
70. CAWACH: Established by GoI to support startups working on COVID-

19
The Department of Science and Technology has set up a Centre for Augmenting WAR
with COVID-19 Health crisis. The centre is to be established at Rs 56 crores.
1. Highlights
The CAWACH is being established by the DST to support the start-ups. It is to be
implemented by SINE, IIT Bombay. The initiative will help identify innovative solutions to
address the country’s need in diagnostics, ventilators and therapeutics.
2. Key Features of the Initiatives

The initiative will also help in fund deployment for the startups. It will identify 50
innovative startups based on factors such as novelty, cost, solutions for sanitizers,
therapeutics, disinfectants, respiratory aids, informatics and protective gears.
3. What is SINE?
SINE is Society for Innovation and Entrepreneurship. It is an incubator for technology
solutions at IIT Bombay and is supported by Department of Science and Technology.
71. What is Lifeline UDAN?
The Lifeline UDAN was launched by the Ministry of Civil Aviation to help India fight
against COVID-19. Under this initiative, flights were operated in transporting essential
equipment and medicines all over the country.
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1. Highlights
The Lifeline UDAN initiative was a huge success as in just 5 days of its launch, more than
15.4 tonnes of essential supplies have been transported in 62 aircrafts. The products
transported included masks and gloves, consumables, etc. In order help public to track
Lifeline Udan flights, the status of the flights were uploaded in a portal. The portal was
developed by National Informatics Centre.
2. UDAN
The UDAN initiative focused on the regional airport development. It aimed to make air
travel widespread and affordable.
72. A Tiger tests positive of COVID-19 in the US: Zoos on high alert in
the country
On April 6, 2020, the Central Zoo Authority of the United States asked all the zoos to
stay on high alert after a tiger tested positive of COVID-19. This is the first time COVID-
19 infections are reported on an animal.
1. Highlights
A four-year-old Malayan tiger in the Bronx Zoo of New York has tested positive of Corona
Virus. It is still not known how the disease will develop in cats. This is because different
species behave differently. Till date there is no evidence that animals play a major role
in COVID-19 transmission. Also, there is no evidence that a human can be infected by
the virus from animals.
2. COVID-19 not air borne

There are no findings till date how the virus transmits between animals and humans.
Indian Council of Medical Research has confirmed that there is no evidence that COVID-
19 is air borne disease. There are evidences that it spreads only through droplets. The
virus spreads through two different types of droplets namely respiratory droplets and
droplet nuclei. When the droplets are 5-10 μm in diameter they are called respiratory m in diameter they are called respiratory
droplets. When the droplets are less than 5μm in diameter they are called respiratory m in diameter they are called droplet nuclei.
3. Malayan Tiger
Malayan Tigers or the Southern Indochinese Tiger is a type of tiger sub-species native to
Peninsular Malaysia. It is classified as a critically endangered species by IUCN. They are
threatened by habitat loss/ fragmentation, poaching, illegal trade for traditional
medicine, etc.
4. Feline Coronavirus
Cats are affected by a specific class of coronavirus called the feline coronavirus. Unlike
the SARS CoV 2, feline coronaviruses are transmitted through faecal- oral route. These
viruses affect the intestine or peritoneum of cats.
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73. Life Insurance Council: “Force Majeure” does not apply for COVID-19
cases
On April 6, 2020, the Life Insurance council announced that the “Force Majeure” clause
will apply to COVID-19 deaths. Apart from the council, Kolkata Port Trust has also
invoked force majeure.
1. What is force Majeure?

Force Majeure clause was introduced for unforeseen circumstances. This includes natural
disasters, accidents, epidemics, pandemics.
2. Legislation
Force Majeure is a French phrase. It is embodied under Indian Contract Act, 1972 under
Sections 32 and Sections 56.

A force majeure in a contract can now be used to argue that the contract cannot be
completed in time due to the spread of COVID-19. This will give rise to financial losses as
projects will be delayed legally, some projects might end up in disputes. Bottom line, if a
contractor has used the force majeure clause, he might use the clause in his favour
citing COVID-19 an excuse. This will end up financial losses.
74. Cabinet: Ordinance to cut salary of PM and MPs by 30% approved
On April 6, 2020, the Union Cabinet approved to cut the salary of Prime Minister and
other MPs by 30%. Apart from them, the salaries of president, governor and vice
president are also to be cut
1. Highlights
The amount cut from the members are to go to consolidated fund of India. The Cabinet
has also approved that the MPLADS are to be suspended for 2 years that is between
2020-21 and 2021-22. With this move, GoI has saved 7,900 crores.
2. Consolidated Fund of India

The Consolidated Funds of India holds the revenue received by the GoI. The fund was
constituted under Article 266. The funds include direct taxes, indirect taxes, receipts
from loans, money borrowed. The money from the funds cannot be withdrawn without
the permission of the Parliament.
3. MPLADS
The MPLADS is Members of Parliament Local Area Development Scheme (MPLADS). It
was introduced in 1993. Under this scheme, the members of the parliament shall
recommend works upto Rs 25 lakhs per year. And in case of natural calamity, they shall
sanction funds upto Rs 1 crore.
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April 7, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
75. Centre to States: Maintain the supply of Medical Oxygen
The Central Government has asked the states to maintain the supply of medical oxygen
smooth and hassle-free. Medical Oxygen included in national list of essential medicines
and also in the WHO list of essential medicines.
1. What is medical Oxygen?

Medical Oxygen is pure oxygen. It contains 99.5% of pure oxygen. Generally, the air we
breathe contains 21% of oxygen. When the impurities in the atmosphere increase, the
concentration of oxygen decreases. For instance, an industrial unit emits Sulphur. A
person standing near the unit breathes in air that is less concentrated with oxygen. This
is because, oxygen in the air combines with the Sulphur released to form Sulphur di-
oxide.
2. List of Essential Medicines

The National List of Essential medicines is a model of WHO List of Essential Medicines.
The essential medicines are those medicines that satisfy priority health needs of the
population.
3. National List of Essential Medicines

The first NLEM of India was released in 1996. The list consisted of 279 medicines then.
The list was revised to 354 in 2003. Later in 2011, the list was updated to 348
medicines. In 2018, the list was updated to 851 medicines. For the first time, cardiac
stents, condoms, drug eluting stents and intra uterine devices were placed under NLEM
in India.
76. Task Force to be set up to prevent Human and Animal transmission

of COVID-19
The Indian Government is taking precautionary steps after it was learnt that COVID-19
infects animals as well. Recently a Malayan tiger in the zoo of New York was reported to
have infected with COVID-19.
1. Highlights
India is taking precautionary step to prevent Animal and Human transmission of the
virus in the country. The Central Government has instructed the state governments to
take immediate steps to stop the spread of the virus from humans to the animals.
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2. Steps taken
The number of staffs in the zoos, national parks, tiger reserves and sanctuaries are to be
limited. A Task Force is to be set up with field managers, veterinary doctors and front-
line staffs. Also, a nodal officer is to be appointed to report a “round the clock
mechanism”. The GoI has also advised the animal welfares to stick to stipulations issued
by the Health Ministry. This is mainly being done to restrict the movement of staffs and
other local people in and around sanctuaries, national parks and tiger reserves.
77. Smart Cities Mission: Integrated Command and Control Centres to be

used for COVID-19
The Municipalities are now using the Integrated Command and Control Centres built
under “Smart Cities” mission as war rooms of COVID-19.
1. Highlights
The smart cities in India such as Pune, Varanasi, Surat, Bengaluru and other cities have
started to use the Integrated Command and Control Centres built under the Smart Cities
Mission to fight against COVID-19. They are being used to keep tabs on people under
quarantine. They are now called as “COVID-19 War Rooms”.
2. How is the mission helpful for COVID-19?

The Smart Cities Mission now helps in surveillance of public places, GPS tracking of
Health care workers, GID mapping of COVID-19 patients. It also helps in predictive
analysis of virus containment in different zones of the city. This is being done through
heat maps. The programme also helps in real time tracking of ambulance, tele-
counselling, tele-medicine, disinfection services and its tracking and virtual training to
healthcare professionals and doctors.
3. Successful initiatives of Smart Cities programme to fight COVID-19

 The Pune Smart City Development Corporation launched an integrated dashboard. The
dashboard will monitor quarantine facilities, health care workers.
 Safe Kashi App developed by Varanasi Municipal corporation. The application provides
information about every order being passed by the local government. It also provides the dos
and don’ts for the public to stay safe.
78. Ordnance Factory Board to introduce “modified tents” to set up

isolation units
The Ordnance Factory Board that governs the defence manufacturing unit spread across
India is to introduce “modified tents” to set up isolation units.
1. Highlights
The idea of modified tents was brought by the Ordnance Equipment Factory, Kanpur. It
aims to create isolation wards that will act as tents. The tent is to be made of Poly Viscos
and is water proof.
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2. Hand Sanitizers by OFBs
The Ordnance Factories are also working on hand sanitizers. The Ordnance Factory in
Aruvankadu, Tamil Nadu has delivered 3,564 litres of hand sanitizers as on April 4, 2020.
The Ordnance Factory in Itarsi, Madhya Pradesh and Bhandara, Maharashtra are
delivering 3,000 litres of hand sanitizers each on daily basis.
3. Nodal Agency
The HLL (Lifecare Limited) has been appointed as the nodal agency by the GoI for
centralized procurement of hand sanitizers. The nodal agency has placed an order of
13,000 litres to the ordnance factories to fulfil the growing demand of hand sanitizers in
the country.
79. Delhi Government announces 5T plan to control COVID-19
On April 7, 2020, the Government of Delhi announced 5T plan to tackle the spread of
Corona Virus in the Union Territory. The 5T plan includes Testing, Tracing, Teamwork,
Treatment and Tracking
1. Testing
Under the Testing Programme, the government is to conduct 1 lakh rapid tests in
hotspot areas of Delhi. The current hotspot areas of Delhi include Garden, Dilshad and
Nizamuddin
2. Tracing
Under the Tracing programme, the government is to identify the people who have come
in contact with the COVID-19 positive patients. The identified persons will be
quarantined. In order to achieve the tracing programme, the government is to get help
from Delhi Police
3. Treatment
Around 2,950 beds have been reserved exclusively for COVID-19 positive patients. Apart
from this, beds in private hospitals have been identified to treat COVID-19 positive
patients alone. More than 12,000 hotel rooms are to be taken over.
4. Teamwork
The State will work with centre in this programme. The technology professionals, doctors
and nurses are the main members of this programme.
5. Tracking and Monitoring

Under this programme, the government will actively monitor the step being taken in
implementing the 5T programme. And also will take actions to contain the spread of the
virus.
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80. GoI launches 5 research projects to mitigate the spread of COVID-19
On April 3, 2020, the Government of India launched 5 research projects in order to

control the spread of COVID-19. The projects neither focus on vaccines nor on medicines.
GoI has been very clear and has also announced earlier that it is currently not into
developing medicine for COVID-19. Rather the first priority is to mitigate the spread. The
research projects were selected based on this plan.
1. Project 1
The first project aims to search the metabolite biomarker signature for the virus. These
markers will help in capturing the activities of the cell or an organism infected with the
virus. This knowledge is base for developing potential drug for the vaccines
2. Project 2
The second project is to develop viricidal coatings that shall be used in surgical masks to
prevent the spread of highly contagious viruses such as SARS, COVID-19, etc.
3. Project 3
The third project is to develop antiviral surface coatings to help prevent the spread of
infections caused by influenza virus. The aim is to develop polymeric compounds that
will be coated upon surfaces and will kill the viruses completely upon contact.
4. Project 4
The fourth project is to develop a material which when applied over surfaces will remove
viruses and bacteria adhering to it.
5. Project 5
The fifth project is to develop antibody-based capture of COVID-19 and inactivate it
using lipid based gel.
6. Intensification of Research in High Priority Areas Scheme

The projects have been launched under IRPHA scheme. The scheme is implemented by
SERB, Science and Engineering Research Board. SERB operated under Department of
Science and Technology. Apart from these 5 projects small projects like data driven
approach to contain the spread of the virus is also being launched.
81. Krishi Vigyan Kendra: Door Delivery of fish Scheme
The Krishi Vigyan Kendra operating under Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute
has launched a door delivery scheme in Kerala. Under the scheme, it is providing door
delivery of fishes to several households in Kochi city.
1. Highlights
The Door Delivery scheme has gained a good response in the Kochi city with average
daily supply hitting 510 kg. Under the scheme, the KVK is catering 350 homes. Through
this, the institute if earning around Rs 1.6 lakh rupees every day.
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2. Operation of the initiative
The varieties sold by KVK such are sea bass, pearl spot, crabs and pompano are
circulated to consumers through WhatsApp messages. The initiative is being operated
through a Self-help Group. The members of the group have been trained under COVID-
19 prevention protocol. They are certified as well.
82. GoI launches “Containment Plan for Large Outbreaks”
With the lock down period nearing its closure, the Govenremnt of India has begun its
preliminary preparations to pull the economy back to its bloom. Several strategies are
being adopted by the Government in order to achieve this.
1. The Plan
There are six steps in the plan. They are as follows
2. Significance
The plan is being launched to enable a routine life in other parts other parts of the
country where the spread of the virus is less. The plan is to be strictly followed in
identified hotspots.
83. India restricts export ban of HCQ drug
On April 7, India announced restrictions on export of Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) drug.

India had imposed ban on export of HCQ drug to prevent the shortage of the drug in the
country. The United States and 30 other countries including some of the SAARC
countries have been pressuring India to remove the ban. The United States lately has
been forcing India upon its ban as the shortages in US has been increasing greatly.
2. Significance of HCQ
The Hydroxychloroquine drug is one of the four mega methods considered for trials to
contain the spread of COVID-19. The drug is used in the US as a preventive measure.
The drug is recommended to asymptomatic patients that are in close contact with the
COVID-19 patients.
84. China and US bring in aid for India
The United States has announced 2.9 million USD aid for India to fight against COVID-19.
Apart from the US, China is to donate more than 1,70,000 Personal Protective Equipment
to India.
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1. India-China
Currently, there are 3,87,000 PPE kits in the country. The domestic supply of the PPE kits
will increase after the kits from China arrive in India. India is also negotiating with
Singapore to import around 8 million PPE kits.
2. India-US
The United States has allocated funds of 2.9 million USD under its American Global
Response Package. Through this package the US has helped 64 countries contributing
around 174 million USD. Along with India, the fund is to be provided to several other
ASEAN countries. It also includes 2.4 million USD for the United States Agency for
International Development (USAID).
85. Jan Aushadhi Sugam App launched: Essential Medicines home

delivered by “Swasth Ke Sipahi”
The Pharmacists of the Pradhan Mantri Janaushadhi Kendra established under the
Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi Pariyojana (PMBJAP) are delivering essential
medicines at the doorsteps of elderly and other patients.
1. Highlights
The PMBJAP that was launched with the intention of providing affordable medicines to
the citizens of the country is now helping GoI to maintain social distancing. The Kendras
(pharmacies where of the initiative) of the initiatives are run by Bureau of Pharma PSU
(Public Sector Unit) of India (BPPI). There are more than 6,300 PMJAKs that are spread in
726 districts.
2. Jan Aushadhi Sugam App launched

The application is a SAP based software that can be downloaded from Google play. The
application is to be used to locate the nearest Pradhan Mantri Janaushadhi Kendra. The
app also provides availability of the medicines along with their prices. Currently there
are two warehouses in Chennai and Gurugram and 50 distributors are working towards
the initiative.
86. India allows export of 12 Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API)
On April 7, 2020, the Government of India allowed the export of 12 Active

Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs). GoI had earlier banned the export of these APIs and
their formulations to prevent their shortages in India.
1. Highlights
The Directorate General of Foreign Trade amended the export ban. The major drugs that
were banned include Vitamins B6, B1, B12, Neomycin, Erythromycin, Acyclovir. The
Pharmexcil has expressed concerns to lift the ban on Paracetamol as well.
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2. Pharmexcil
The Pharmexcil is Pharmaceuticals and Export Promotion Council of India that operates
under Ministry of Commerce and Industry. The amin function of the council is to
represent GoI in abroad to get solutions to problems in the industry. It also provides
suggestions to GoI in solving issues related to exports of Pharma products.
87. Japan declares Emergency
On April 7, 2020, the world’s third largest economy, Japan declared emergency to
combat the Covid-19 pandemic. The State of Emergency is to last till May 6, 2020.
1. Highlights
Iniatially, the emergency is to be applied in six prefectures namely Kanagwa, Chiba,
Saitama, Osaka, Fukuoka and Hyogo. Today there are more than 3,906 cases of COVID-
19 in Japan.
2. Legislation
There are no legal provision in Japan as that of France to impose lock down with
penalties and fines. However, 80% of Japanese people supported the lock down. This
was learnt from a poll conducted by an internationally popular Television network TBS.
3. Economy
The Experts predict that Japanese economy will shrink by 17% in the second quarter due
to the lock down.
April 8, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
88. Exports: GoI launches guidelines for Certificate of Origin
The Ministry of Commerce recently launched an online platform to issue Certificate of

Origin to the exporters and other guidelines. The move is being taken to facilitate
shipments during lock down.
1. Highlights
Currently, the online platform is used obtain certificate of exports under PTA signed with
Chile, SAFTA signed with Nepal and SAPTA signed with SAARC countries and also India-
Korea Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement. The guidelines has included
many more such agreements to the list. IT has also framed time line and an online
protocol to issue the certificate.
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2. Certificate of Origin
The Certificate of Origin document is used worldwide. The certificate attests that the
product originated in a particular country. The Guidelines for the issuance of certificate
of origin is issued by International Chamber of Commerce. The certificate is important to
determine tariffs. For instance, a preferential agreement might be supported by
certificate of origin will reduce impose duty imposed on the product.
3. SAFTA and SAPTA

SAFTA is South Asian Free Trade Area that was signed in 2004 at the SAARC summit. The
agreement created a free area of trade that accommodates more than 1.6 billion people.
Under the agreement, the custom duties of traded goods were brought to be brought
down to zero by 2016. SAPTA is SAARC Preferential Trading Agreement that envisages
creating an area of preferential trading.
89. NHAI: 3,979 km of NH constructed in one year; Highest in Indian

History
The National Highway Authority of India recently completed the construction of 3,979 km
of national highways in the financial year 2019-20. This is the highest ever target
achieved by the authority in a financial year since its establishment. The Government of
India envisaged construction of national highway under Bharatmala Pariyojana.
1. Bharatmala Pariyojana
The scheme is being implemented by Ministry of Road and Transport and Highways. It
was launched in 2015. The scheme has set a target of completing 65,000 km of NH.
Under Phase-I of the project, the scheme is to complete 27,500 km of NH construction.
Government of India has allocated Rs 5,35,000 crore for completion of phase I. The
phase I was to be completed in 5 years of the project launch. So far 27,500 km has been
constructed.
2. NHAI
The NHAI was established in 1995. It is a statutory body operating under Ministry of
Road Transport and Highways. NHAI was set up under the provisions of National
Highway Authority of India Act, 1988.
90. Samadhan: A challenge launched by the Ministry of Human Resource

Development
On April 7, 2020, the Ministry of Human Resource Development launched “Samadhan”, a

challenge to address COVID-19 in the country. The mega online challenge was launched
by the Innovative Cell of Ministry of Human Resources Development and AICTE (All India
Council for Technical Education) along with Forge and Innovation Curis.
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1. Highlights
The “Samadhan” challenge aims to motivate the students to make new discoveries and
perform new experiments and come up with solutions that will help fight COVID-19. The
solutions selected are to be implemented in government hospitals, health services and
other services.
2. Challenges of India to contain the virus

The challenges of countries in containing the virus differs from one another. This is
mainly because the spread of the virus varies based on the topography. Therefore, the
challenges faced by the countries are also unique. The challenges faced by India as
follows
91. Unemployment Rate in India has increased to 23% due to Lock Down
The Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE) recently released a survey on the
current unemployment situation in India. According to the survey, more than 20% of
Indian Economy has lost their jobs since the lock down.
1. Highlights
The report said that the unemployment rate for the month of March is expected to be
8.7% as compared to 7.8% in February. Around 100 million workers in construction,
mining, manufacturing and services sector are jobless due to lock down.
2. CMIE
The CMIE was established in 1974. It produces business and economic databases. It is an
independent think tank. The largest surveys of India are being conducted by the centre.
This includes household incomes and pattern of saving and spending. The think tank
provides services to governments, financial markets, businesses, etc.
92. Anti-Microbial Coating Technology approved by DST
The Department of Science and Technology recently approved anti-microbial coating

developed by Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR).
1. What is Anti-Microbial Coating

The anti-microbial coating can be applied or fabricated into surfaces such as textiles,
plastics, etc. The coating kills the microbes as they come in contact to it. This includes
fungus, bacteria, viruses like influenza virus, COVID-19, etc. The technology is first of its
kind.
2. Significance
The coating is to be used in PPEs (Personal Protection Equipment) such as gowns, face
shields, gloves used by health care personnel.
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3. Benefits
The Compound developed through the technology is soluble in several solvents such as
plastics, textiles, PVC, polystyrene, polyurethane. This eases the use of the compound.
The coating kills the microbes within 30 minutes of contact. The microbes get killed as
the coating disrupts the membranes of the pathogens.
93. Imports of Edible Oil decline in India by 32.44%
The Solvent Extractors Association of India reported that edible oil imports in India has
declined by 32.44% in March 2020. This is because, India, the largest importer if
vegetable oil in the world has reduced its imports due to the threats of COVID-19.
1. Highlights
The report released by the association highlighted that India feeds its citizen with 60% of
imported edible oil. There has been 90% fall in imports in March 2020. In March 2019,
India imported 3,12,673 tonnes of edible. This year, in march 2020, India imported only
30,850 tonnes.
2. Why huge decline?

The import of RBD (Refined, Bleached and Deodorized) Palmolein has been restricted
since January 2020. It was put under “restricted list”. This means that an importer has to
acquire license for inbound shipment.
3. Imports of India
India imports its palm oil mainly from Indonesia and Malaysia. India has been restricting
its palm oil from Malaysia since Kashmir comment made by the former Malaysian Prime
Minister at the United Nations General Assemble meet. India imports soyabean oil from
Argentina and sunflower oil from Ukraine and Russia.
94. India begins working on Genome Sequencing of COVID-19
The CCMB (Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology), CSIR (Council of Scientific and
Industrial Research) and IGIB (Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology) are working
on genome sequencing of COVID-19.
1. Highlights
The Genome Sequencing is being done to understand the evolution of the virus. This will
help to learn about the future aspects. The blood samples of COVID-19 positive patients
are to be collected and sent to the centres. The sequencing process requires large
amount data. Currently, GoI is stepping into the phase of collection of data. It is
expected that in another 3 to 4 weeks the researchers will isolate at least 200 to 300
strands.
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2. About Genome Sequencing
The Genome Sequencing is used to determine complete DNA Sequence of an organism.
The Genome Sequencing will also help to learn about family tree of the virus. The virus
are classified based on their morphology, mode of replication, nucleic acid type, host
organism and type of diseases caused by them.
95. SAFE Scheme: SIDBI provides working capital of Rs 1 crore to MSME
On April 8, 2020, the Small Industries Development Bank of India announced that it will
provide emergency working capital of Rs 1 crore to small and medium enterprises.
1. SAFE Scheme
The SIDBI launched SAFE scheme on March 26, 2020. The SAFE scheme is SIDBI
Assistance to Facilitate Emergency Response against Corona Virus. It is financial
assistance programme for small and medium enterprises that are engaged in
manufacturing. Under the scheme, the MSEs that are involved in manufacturing masks,
hand sanitizers, head gears, gloves, body suits, ventilators, shoe-covers and goggles
shall avail loan up to Rs 50 lakhs. This will help in addressing shortage issues of Personal
Protective Equipment (PPE) in the country.
2. About the new initiative

Under the scheme, the SIDBI is to provide emergency working capital up to Rs 1 crore.
This is being done as SAFE Plus initiative. The initiative is offered collateral free and will
be disbursed in 48 hours.
96. GoI: Scientific Services by CSIR to mitigate COVID-19
The CSIR-CERCRI (Central Electrochemical Research Institute) has come out with
scientific services to mitigate COVID-19. The Centre has made series of lab made PPEs
(Personal Protective Equipment).
1. Highlights
India is currently on the line of facing shortage of PPEs. In order to address this issue, the
centre has come up with hand wash, disinfectant solutions and hand sanitizers. The
solutions are packed in containers are distributed to organizations free of cost. So far
350 litres of hand sanitizers and 1000 litres disinfectant solutions have been sent.
2. WHO standard
According to WHO standard, the hand sanitizer should contain 75% of Iso-Propanol,
1.45% of Glycerol, 0.125% of Hydrogen Peroxide and a natural ingredient like lemon
grass oil for fragrance.
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97. ILO of United Nations: 400 million Indian workers to sink into poverty
On April 8, 2020, the International Labour Organization released its report, “COVID-19
and world of work”. According to the report, around 400 million people are to enter
poverty in India.
1. Highlights
The United Nations Labour body, International Labour Organization has warned that the
COVID-19 is to wipe out 195 million full-time jobs. Globally, the virus is to cut 6.7% of
working hours.
2. Impacts
The COVID-19 is to affect mainly tourism sector, businesses, manufacturing, retail and
food services. Around 3.3 billion work forces are affected due to full time or part time
workplace closures.
98. United Nations suspended rotation and deployment of Peace keeping

forces
On April 8, 2020, the United Nations announced that the organization is suspending tis
peace keeping forces till June 30. This is being done to mitigate the risk of transmission
of COVID-19 virus.
1. About UN Peace Keeping

The United Nations Peace Keeping was founded in 1945. There are more than 90,000
active personnel currently working in peacekeeping mission of the UN. This year the
United Nations allocated around 6.7 billion USD for its UN peace keeping mission.
2. United Nations Security Council

It is the responsibility of the UNSC to maintain international peace and security. Thus,
the international community always looks up to the UNSC to authorise peace keeping
operations. The Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter empowers UNSC to deploy
peace keeping forces in a region. However, the UNSC is constituted of only 5 permanent
members out of 198 member nations. They are USA, China, Russia, France and UK.
There are other 15 members whose chairs are rotated among the 198 numbers based on
voting.
99. Three types of Health Care Facilities to be set up to manage COVID-

19 cases
On April 8, 2020, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare announced that the hospitals
and health facilities have been classified to deal with COVID-19 cases in the country.
There are three types of COVID-19 health centres to be set up in the country.
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1. Highlights
According to the ministry, all the centres will have separate, dedicated facilities for
confirmed cases. The ministry has also announced that if one person does not follow
strict guidelines of social distancing, he or she shall infect 406 people in just 30 days.
The data was provided by ICMR after careful study of the spread and pattern of infection
of the disease in the country.
2. COVID Care Centre

These centres will attend cases that are clinically assigned as very mild or mild. They are
makeshift facilities. They can be hostels, stadiums, schools, lodges, etc.
3. Dedicated COVID Health Centre

These centres will attend cases that are assigned as “moderate”. These centres will
compulsorily have oxygen support in all beds. Also, these centres will have dedicated
ambulance support equipped with sufficient oxygen support.
4. Dedicated COVID Hospital

These hospitals attend cases that have been clinically assigned as “severe”. They can be
either a complete hospital or a part of the hospital. The private hospitals shall also be
designated to this category. These hospitals will hold complete set up of ICUs, beds with
oxygen support and ventilar units
5. Current Scenario
So far 402 persons have recovered from the disease and 149 have lost their lives due to
the disease. The ICMR has so far tested 1,14,015 samples. Around 136 government
laboratories and 63 private laboratories have been approved by the ICMR to make
COVID-19 testing.
100. Funding approved by DST to develop Nasal Passage Gel for COVID-
19
The Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering and IIT Madras have developed a
nasal passage gel that will inactivate COVID1-9. The funding to support the technology is
to be provided by SERB (Science and Engineering Research Board), a statutory body
operating under Department of Science and Technology.

The team formed from the two institutes will work on two approaches. They are as
follows
2. Plan I
Under one approach, the plan is to create a causative agent that will prevent the virus
from binding to the host cells. This method will reduce the probability of the host cells
being infected. Later the viruses are inactivated using a drug or other technology. This
technology will only support prevention of binding.
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3. Plan II
Another approach is to inactivate the virus by trapping them. This method traps the
virus similar to that of detergents. Through the method, the team intends to develop
gels that can be applied in the nasal cavity.
101. Bio Fortified Carrots developed by farmer scientist
A farmer scientist of Junagadh district, Gujarat Shri Vallabhai Vastambhai Marvaniya

developed biofortified carrots. The carrots are locally called “Madhuban Gajar”. It is rich
in β-carotene and iron.
1. Highlights
The biofortified carrot variety is benefiting more than 150 local farmers. The yield of the
variety is 40 to 50 tonnes per hectare. The variety has been cultivated in over 1000
hectares of land this season.
2. Nutrition of the carrot

The biofortified carrot has been developed through selection method. It has 277.75
mg/kg of β-Carotene and 276.7 mg/kg of iron.
3. Validation Trials
The validation trials of the carrot was conducted by National Innovation Foundation that
operates under Department of Science and Technology
4. Padma Shri
The farmer scientist was awarded with Padma Shri in 2019 for his contribution in the
field of agriculture and in specific to carrots.
5. History
The farmer scientist found that a local carrot variety used as fodder improved milk
quality greatly. He started growing the carrot in large scale. In 1985, he began selling
the carrots on a large scale.
102. PM Modi holds meeting regarding Extension of lockdown
On April 8, 2020, the Prime Minister Narendra Modi held a video conference with political
leaders discussing the extension of lock down. Prime Minister has indicated that most of
the suggestions he received was to extend the lock down.
1. Highlights
The GoI is trying on possible options to contain the spread of the virus. Following this
meet with the political leaders, PM is to hold a video conferencing with the Chief
Ministers of the states as well on April 11, 2020 to make the right decision over
extending the lock down. The GoI is working on pros and cons of extending lock down till
April 30, 2020.
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2. States
The states such as Telangana, Rajasthan, Assam and KArnataks have already raised
concerns upon lifting the lock down. Around 15 districts in UP have been completely
isolated as they were identified as hotspots.
April 9, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
103. nCoVSENSE Module: Funded by DST to develop Rapid Test of

COVID-19
The Department of Science and Technology has funded a health care start up called the
“Module Innovations” in order to develop COVID-19 testing kit. The purpose of the kit is
to make the testing quicker within 10 to 15 minutes.
1. Highlights
The start up is to use the funding for its current project of rapid testing. The device will
test for antibodies that are generated against COVID-19 in human body.
2. Benefits
The kit shall be used in airports, hospitals and railway stations. Apart from testing, the
kit will also provide the stage of infection in the patients.
104. United Nations predict India’s GDP at 4.8%
On April 9, 2020, the United Nations released a report on Economic and Social Survey of
Asia and Pacific (ESCAP), 2020.
1. Highlights
According to the report, the economic growth rate of India stood at 5% in 2019-20. It has
forecasted that the growth rate is to shrink to 4.8% in 2020-21 and the growth rate
might improve in the year 2021-22. The negative impacts of the virus is to affect Asia
and Pacific greatly as compared to other parts of the world.
2. Global Economy
The report predicts that the global economy is to grow at 2.3% in 2020 and will gradually
pick up in 2021. The global economic growth was 3% in 2019 and was the slowest since
the economic slow-down in 2008.
3. Asia Pacific
The report says that the growth rate in Asia-Pacific is to weaken to 4.3% from 5% in
2019. It had already slowed down from 5.3% in 2018. The slowdown in the region was
led by the major economies namely Russia, China and India.
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4. Effect on Pharmaceuticals
India produces 20% of world drugs. It imports 70% of raw materials t manufacture these
drugs from China. Therefore, the pandemic if prolonging will affect these supply chains
greatly.
105. TRIFED launches Digital Communication Strategy in collaboration

with UNICEF
The Tribal Cooperative Marketing Development Federation of India in collaboration with

UNICEF has launched Digital Communication Strategy for the Tribal Gatherers to work
safely. The programme highlights the importance of social distancing.
1. Features
A Webinar is to be conducted on April 9, 2020. Around 18,000 participants are expected
to participate in the programme and 1,205 Van Dhan Vikas Kendras are sanctioned.
These Kendras are spread across 27 states and involve around 18,705 Van Dhan Self
Help Groups.

Initially, 15,000 of the Self-Help Groups are to promoted as Van Dhan Social Distancing
Awareness cum Livelihood Centres. These Centres will educate the communities about
social distancing, personal hygiene and also about adopting cashless practices.
3. Support from UNICEF

The UNICEF is to support TRIFED in etching Digital Multimedia Content, creating social
media campaigns, Vanya Radio and webinars.
4. Background
In order to gather such a huge number of tribal population, the TRIFED team used
several initiatives such as “Tech for Tribals” and others.
106. “iGOT”-An Online Training Portal launched on DIKSHA platform of

MHRD
The Government of India has launched an online training module called “iGOT” portal.
iGOT is Integrated Government Online Training portal. It has been launched on DIKSHA
platform of Ministry of Human Resources Development.
1. Highlights
The main aim of the portal is to increase the capacity building of the frontline workers.
The workers are engaged in COVID-19 relief works. India is currently in need of larger
force to handle exponential increase in the positive cases of COVID-19.
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2. About the Portal
The portal will look after the training needs of the frontline workers. These workers
include nurses, paramedics, hygiene worker, technicians, doctors, midwives. The training
is to be provided on clinical management, basics of COVID-19, ICU care and
management, quarantine and isolation, etc.
3. DIKSHA Platform
The DIKSHA platform was launched by the Ministry of Human Resources and
Development in September 2017. The aim of the portal was to provide a digital platform
for the teachers to make their lifestyle digital. The platform helps teachers to learn and
train themselves. It will also record their accomplishments in educational institutes.
107. Supreme Court rules private labs to make COVID-19 tests free of
cost
On April 8, 2020, the Supreme Court of India ordered the private labs to make COVID-19
testing in private labs free of cost. The GoI had earlier allowed the private labs to test
COVID-19 after being approved by ICMR. The prices of the test were capped at Rs 4,500.
1. Ruling of the SC
The Supreme Court hearings are currently being conducted through video conferencing.
The Supreme Court bench has ruled that the tests must be conducted through labs that
are certified by National Accreditation Board for testing and calibration Laboratories
(NABL), WHO (World Health Organization) and ICMR (Indian Council of Medical
Research).
2. Need for private labs

There are currently 118 government labs in the country that are performing 15,000
tests. The testing in India has to be increased. In order to do so, more private labs should
be roped in.
3. SC recommends using CSR funds

The Supreme court recommended to divert CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) funds
towards the testing centres to reimburse the labs. By this, the tests can be made free in
private labs as well.
4. Concerns raised by the Supreme Court

The Supreme Court has ordered the GoI to provide adequate security to the health care
workers. Actions should be taken against people impeding the works of doctors and
other medical staffs.
108. RBI: CPI Inflation to ease from 4.8% to 4.4% in Q2
On April 9, 2020, the Reserve Bank of India projected that the consumer Price Index is to
ease from 4.8% in Q1 to 4.4% in Q2 of the financial year 2020-21.
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1. Highlights
The estimated easing of CPI implies that the aggregate demand will weaken further. RBI
had reduced repo rate and cash reserve ratios during the Monetary Policy Review held in
March.
2. Inflation
Currently, RBI is following target inflation rate in the country. The inflation target has
been set at 4% with +2% and -2% as target bands on either sides. This means that RBI
will try to maintain the inflation rate between 2% and 6%.
3. Consumer Price Index

The Consumer Price Index is weighted average of prices of consumer goods and services
such as food, transportation and medical care. It is calculated by taking price changes of
every item in the basket and averaging them.
109. GoI allows NGOs to directly buy food grains from NGOs
On April 8, 2020, the Government of India allowed the Non-Governmental Organizations

that are involved in providing food to the needy during the COVID-19 outbreak to get
food grains from FCI (Food Corporation of India) directly.
1. Highlights
The NGOs can purchase food grains from FCIs at prices the state governments buy from
the FCIs. Currently, FCI sells rice at Rs 2,250 per quintal and wheat at Rs 2,315 per
quintal in the open market. The NGOs can now purchase one to 10 tonnes of food grains
from 2,000 godowns.
2. FCI’s measures to the millers

The FCI has also opened its depots to the millers. This is being done through state
governments. Also, the Open Market Sale Scheme through which the millers obtain food
grains has been extended. This is to help the flour millers that are facing closures due to
lock down.
110. GoI: 2200 Essential Kits created by “Kendriya Bhandar” distributed

to the BPL
On April 8, 2020, the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances distributed the essential
kits to the needy families. The kits were produced by the Kendriya Bhandar.
1. What is the Essential Kit?

The Essential Kit consisted of 3 kgs of rice, 3 kgs of wheat, 2 kgs of dal, 1 litre of cooking
oil, poha, salt, bathing soap, biscuits and detergent soap bars. The kits were prepared by
the Kendriya Bhandar.
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2. Kendriya Bhandar
Kendriya Bhandar is the Central Government Employees Consumer Cooperative Society
that was set up in 1963. It operates under Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and
Pensions of India. The organization was registered as the multi state consumer
cooperative society in September 2000.
111. Indian Railways: 2,500 doctors, Isolation wards, time tabled parcel
trains
The Indian Railways is launching several initiatives and is on the forefront in the fight
against the COVID-19.
1. Timetabled Parcel Trains

The time tabled parcel trains have been launched by the Indian Railways to transport
essential commodities and goods. The Railways intends to boost the supply chain all
over the country during lock down. These trains have been planned based on the
demand of the customers. The trains are to connect Bengaluru, Delhi, Chennai, Mumbai,
Hyderabad and Kolkata. Also, Guwahati in the North Eastern Region has been included
to ensure supply to the North East. Around 90 routes have been notified and 109 trains
are to be run.
2. Doctors
The Indian Railways has recruited 2,500 temporary doctors and 35,000 paramedic staffs.
Around 5,000 beds have been identified for treatment in railway hospitals all over India.
3. Isolation Facilities
Apart from converting its coaches into hospital beds, the Indian Railways has also
launched isolation wards. Around 3,250 coaches have been converted into isolation
wards so far.
112. GoI sanctions Rs 15,000 crores for its COVID-19 Package
On April 9, 2020, the Government of India sanctioned Rs 15,000 crore that was earlier
announced for the Emergency Response and Health System Preparedness package. The
main objective of the package is to contain the spread of COVID-19.
1. Highlights
The funds sanctioned are to be used in establishing dedicated treatment facilities of
COVID-19, build national and state health systems, bio-security preparedness, support
and prevent future disease outbreaks.
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2. Division of the funds
The Funds are to be completely handled by the Ministry of Health and Family welfare.
The ministry will split the funds among its exclusive divisions that have been deployed in
combating COVID-19. The funds are to be split among National Health Mission, ICMR
(Indian Council of Medical Research), Indian Railways, National Centre for Disease
Control.
113. Revised Version of Swachhata Application launched to fight COVID-

19
On April 9, 2020, the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs launched a revised version of
Swachhata application. The application was launched at a video conferencing held with
states and union territories.
1. Why Swachhta Application?

The Application has more than 1.7 crore urban users all over the country, Therefore, the
reach is faster. It has separate grievance redressal tool to address complaints of Swachh
Bharat Mission.
2. About the Modified Version

The modified version of the application has new categories added to it. They are request
for sanitation during COVID-19, reporting suspected cases, reporting violation of
quarantine and lock down, requesting medicine during COVID-19, requesting food,
shelter and request of waste pick up.
114. GoI to provide “Mass Manufacturing Ready” hardware and software

for free
On April 9, 2020, the CSIR (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research) tied up with
Bharat Electronics Limited to develop mass manufacturing technologies (hardware and
software). The technologies are to focus on production of medical devices. These
technologies after creation are to be transferred to companies free of cost.
1. Recent Innovations
On the lines of mass manufacturing, the tie up has helped mitigate COVID-19 through its
two recent innovations. They are Digital IR Thermometers and Oxygen Enrichment Unit.
2. Digital IR Thermometer
The Digital Infra-Red Thermometer developed is now available as open source. The
design of the thermometer, its mass manufacturing ready software and hardware have
been made available for free all over India
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3. Oxygen Enrichment Units
The critical need of COVID-19 patients are their oxygen requirements as their lungs are
compromised. The Tie-up has developed oxygen enrichment units that will increase the
concentration of oxygen in the air to 38% to 40%. The technologies use to build these
units are also available for free for the manufacturers to launch mass production.
115. April 9: CRPF Valour Day
Every year, April 9 is being marked as CRPF Valour Day all over India. The day is also
called “CRPF Shaurya Diwas”.
1. Why Valour Day?

A small contingent of the CRPF on April 9, 1965 fought against Pakistan in Rann of Kutch
eliminating 34 Pakistan soldiers. This was the first time a full-fledged infantry brigade
fierce fully and successfully fought against the Pakistan army. During this battle, six
CRPF men lost their lives. In order to pay tribute to these brave men, the Valour Day is
being marked every year.
2. Achievements of CRPF
The CRPF personnel guarded India-Pakistan border till 1965 after which the border
security force was created. The CRPF killed all the 5 terrorists who attacked Indian
Parliament in 2001. Currently, the counter insurgency operations in India are being
undertaken by CRPF personnel. In 2008, a CRPF wing called Commando Batallion for
Resolute Action was created to counter Naxalite movement in the country.
3. International Missions
The CRPF were deployed in Sri Lanka for peace keeping actions. They have been
deployed in Maldives, Somalia, Namibia, Haiti as a part of UN Peace keeping mission.
Under Haiti Mission, they helped to contain political stability in the country. A fully
formed Female Police Unit was deployed under Liberia Mission in 2007.
116. Smart City Mission: Mass Disinfection of public places by GoI
The Government of India has undertaken a mass programme to disinfect cities under the
Smart Cities Mission. Under this programme, the public places such as markets, streets,
parks, playgrounds and shopping precincts are being disinfected under smart city
programme
1. Highlights
The Covid-19 virus gets inactivated easily with chemical disinfectants. The public places
are being sanitized since the lock down that was announced on March 25, 2020.
2. Smart Steps under Smart City Programme

The smart city governments have collaborated with fire departments. The fire tenders
and water wash pumps are being used to sanitize the streets. This is done by spraying
disinfectants in the streets.
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117. Saudi-led Coalition calls Ceasefire in Yemen
On April 9, 2020, the Saudi Arabia led coalition declares cease fire in Yemen. The cease
fire has been declared for a two-week period.
1. Yemen War
Yemen was devastated by a conflict that began in 2015. The Houthis that are backed by
the Iran military took much of the control in west of the country. The coup led by the
Houthis forced President Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi to flee abroad. The rise of the group
alarmed Saudi Arabia and eight other Arab states to lead a military campaign restoring
Hadi’s Government.
2. The Saudi-led Coalition

The Intervention of the Coalition in Yemen is said to be in compliance with Article 2 of
the United Nations Charter. The Coalition intervened Yemen in the code name
“Operation Decisive Storm”.
April 10, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
118. “Operation Shield” launched by the Delhi State Government
On April 9, 2020, the Delhi Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal announced Operation Shield in
the containment zones of National Capital Region. SHIELD stands for Sealing, Home
quarantine, isolation and tracing, essential supply, local sanitation and door-to-door
checks.
1. Key Features
The Operation is to be implemented in 21 containment zones of the capital. The
operation is to be implemented in the following ways
2. Other initiatives
The Delhi Government had also launched 5T plan that is being implemented all over
Delhi. The 5Ts include Testing, tracing, Treatment, teamwork and tracking.
April 11, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
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119. TRIFED offers marketing support to Masks under Van Dhan Scheme
The Tribal Cooperative Marketing Development Federation of India (TRIFED) that

operates under Ministry of Tribal Affairs is now providing marketing support to NGOs and
Van Dhan beneficiaries. The support is being offered to handicrafts, handlooms and
natural products.
1. Highlights
The Van Dhan beneficiaries have begun to create masks at home. This helps themselves
and the community members as well. TRIFED has now used these masks as models to
create livelihoods in other parts of tribalhoods.
2. Other initiatives on masks

The GoI has issued manual for preparing cloth masks at homes. Apart from GoI , several
coporates are also into mask making. The Dhaaga initiative of TATA Power has so far
manufactured and supplied 1.2 lakh masks in the states of Maharashtra and Jharkhand.
This is the biggest mask distribution of any corporate in India. Also, several state
governments are distributing masks for free of cost. They are being delivered at door
steps. The Government has also banned exports of masks along with Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE) and ventilators.
120. Fishing and Aquaculture exempted from Lock Down
On April 11, 2020, the Ministry of Home Affairs, exempted fishing and aquaculture
industries from Lock Down. Earlier, the agricultural activities were exempted.
1. Highlights
The operations such as harvesting, packaging, processing, cold chain, hatcheries,
commercial aquaria, movement of shrimp have been exempted from lock down.
However, these industries have been directed to follow hygiene practices and social
distancing as noted in the earlier orders of Home Ministry.
2. Fishing Industry
It is important to exclude fishing industry from the lock down as there are more than 14
million people involved in the industry. Also, the economic benefits from the industry is
an important source of revenue for the Indian Government. The Government of India has
adopted 370 km of Exclusive Economic Zone in the Indian Ocean to facilitate economic
activities in the fishing and aquaculture industries.
121. ICMR approves Plasma Therapy Treatment
The Indian Council of Medical Research has recently approved plasma therapy as
potential treatment for COVID-19. However, the protocol to conduct the therapy is yet to
be finalized.
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1. Plasma Therapy
The Plasma Therapy is used to treat viral infections. The antibodies of person recovered
from the virus are transfused into persons that are critically-ill in order to boost their
immune system. The therapy was earlier used to treat Ebola outbreak.
2. Significance
When a person gets infected, it takes 5 to 7 days for the antibodies to get segregated.
However, in case of patients that are critically ill, by the time the anti-bodies start
segregating, they will become sicker.
3. Background
The plasma therapy has been used to treat 10 patients in Wuhan, China. It has also been
adopted by the US.
4. Current Scenario
The ICMR has so far tested 1,30,000 samples in India. Of these, 5,734 have tested
positive. The data is as of April 10, 2020. The rate of positive cases in India is in the
range between 3% and 5%.
122. ADB assures 2.2 billion USD loan to India
India had earlier approached Asian Development Bank and Asian Infrastructure
Investment Bank for loans to fight against COVID-19. With India’s request, the ADB has
assured a loan of 2.2 billion USD.
1. Highlights
The funds are to be used to help alleviate poverty, and also address economic impacts
on micro, medium and small size enterprises. GoI is to use these funds for emergency
assistance, budget support and policy-based loans.
2. About ADB
The Asian Development Bank was begun in 1966. However, India began to gain
assistance from the bank only in 1986. Japan is the largest share holder of ADB followed
by USA, China and India. India holds a share of 5.81% in the bank. The bank was
established for social integration and regional integration. 80% of the investments from
the bank are towards public sector.
123. G20: Video Conference of Energy Ministers
On April 10, 2020, the G20 Energy ministers held virtual meeting on ways to ensure
stable energy markets. The energy markets are greatly affected by demand reduction
due to the ongoing COVID-19 crisis.
1. Highlights
India’s Energy Minister Shri Dharmendra Pradhan represented the country. The following
were iterated by the minister at the meet
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2. India’s plan to fill petroleum reserves
India has signed pacts with Saudi Arabia’s ARAMCO and ADNOC to fill up its petroleum
reserves. Also, several refineries are currently operating at 50% to 60% of their capacity.
There are three strategic petroleum reserves in India. They are at Vizag (1.3 million
tonnes), PAdur (2.5 million tonnes) and Mangalore (1.5 million tonnes).
April 12, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
124. “Global Indian Physician COVID-19 Collaborative” by doctors of

Indian Origin
The doctors of Indian origin spread all over the world have come together under an
initiative called “Global Indian Physician COVID-19”. The initiative aims to foster cross
system learning.
1. Highlights
The initiative will work on early warning algorithm, vaccination, antiviral therapy and
plasma therapy of COVID-19. Several leading associations of doctors all over the world
namely Global Association of Physicians of Indian Origin, British Association of Physicians
of Indian Origin, American Association of Physicians of Indian Origin and Canadian
Association of Physicians of Indian Heritage are a part of the collaboration.
2. Significance
The initiative will help doctors learn about successful drugs being used by doctors
spread all over the world. The pros and cons of using drugs that have been
recommended so far such as remdesivir, lopinavir, gilead, hydroxychloroquine, etc will
be shared.
125. April 12: International Day of Human Space Flight
Every year, International Day of Human Space Flight is observed on April 12. The day
commemorates the anniversary of Yuri Gagarin’s historic spaceflight in 1961
1. Background
The United Nations General Assembly passed a resolution in April 2011 to observe
International Day of human Space Flight on April 12. It aims to reaffirm the contribution
of space in achieving SDGs.
2. Why April 12?

In 1957, the first human made earth satellite Sputnik I was launched into outer space.
On April 12, 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first man to orbit the earth successfully. This
opened human endeavor to outer space.
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3. UNOOSA
The United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs is the office that promotes international
cooperation for peaceful uses in outer space. The events of United Nations to celebrate
the day are organized by UNOOSA. UNOOSA aims to promote international cooperation
of outer space.
4. Other observances
The day is celebrated as Cosmonautics Day in Soviet Union. The United States since
2001 is celebrating the day as “World Space Party”.
126. Wormivet: Herbal Medication developed by NIF to treat worms
The National Innovation foundation India has developed an indigenous herbal medicine
called Wormivet. It is an alternative to chemical methods that are currently being used
to treat worms.
1. Highlights
The Wormivet is used to treat endoparasite worms in livestock. A patent has been filed
on the invention. The patent has been given in the name of Grassroots knowledge.
2. Significance
Internal Parasite in worms leads to loss in body weight, anemia, loss in reproductive
health. It limits growth and productivity. On the other hand, inappropriate use of
chemical dewormers creates resistance.
3. NIF
The National Innovation Foundation operates under Department of Science and
Technology. It works to provide support to grass root innovations. Also, it organizes an
annual competition called IGNITE along with CBSE board.
4. Grass root Innovations

The Intellectual Property Rights of India recognizes grassroot innovations and also
traditional knowledge practices. This is more common in the fields of agriculture,
veterinary science and human health. The Grass root level innovations are inventions
made by common people.
127. DST funds development of Active Virosome Vaccine Production
The Department of Science and Technology operating under Ministry of Science and
Technology is to fund Seagull Biosolutions to develop Active Virosome vaccines and
immunodiagnostic kits for COVID-19. The kits are expected to reach the market by
August 2020.
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1. Virosomes
A Virosome is a drug that consists of unilamellar phospholipid membrane. This
membrane allows the drug to fuse with the target cells. The central cavity of the
virosome consists of proteins, nucleic acids and drugs. The surface of the virosomes are
made of different glycoproteins.
2. Significance of immunodiagnostics
In India, currently Polymerase Chain Reaction based kits are being used. These kits are
rapid and they enable detection of active COVID-19 infection. However, the kits do not
identify asymptomatic infections. This means that the people that were exposed to the
or recovered from or infected with COVID-19 in the past may be left undetected. On the
hand, the immunodiagnostic kits help in detection of antibodies and identify infections
as well.
128. “Bharat Padhe Online Campaign” launched by Ministry of HRD
The Ministry of Human Resources Development has launched a week long campaign
called “Bharat Padhe Online Campaign”. The campaign aims to improve online education
in India.
1. Highlights
The main aim of the campaign is to invite experts in the country to share their
knowledge and solutions in order to overcome the constraints in promoting digital
education. Students and teachers are the main targets of the campaign. Though there
are several other initiatives to promote online education in India, this campaign is
launched to bring in all the experts of different fields to share their knowledge during
lock down.
2. Other e-education initiatives

Swayam is a massive online course that hosts all courses taught from 9th class. Swayam
Prabha is another initiative of GoI that provides educational contents developed by
experts through DTH television channels. National Digital Library consists of more than
6.5 million books and can be accessed for free.
129. 586 dedicated COVID-19 hospitals set up
The Government of India has set up 586 dedicated COVID-19 hospitals. The hospitals
have capacity to accommodate more than 1 lakh isolation beds.
1. Highlights
The GoI has taken preemptive actions to identify COVID-19 hotspots in India. Apart from
isolation beds, around 11,500 ICU beds have also been set up. According to Ministry of
Health, in the absence of containment measures there should have been 41% more
cases by April 15.
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2. Other measures
The Government has also taken several other measures to increase hospital facilities in
the country. More than 20,000 railway coaches were converted into hospital wards. The
working personnel in the health care sector and sanitation sector were provided with
insurance cover of Rs 50 lakhs per health care worker. Also, the wages of MNREGA
workers have been increased to Rs 202 from Rs 182.
130. Double Layered Khadi masks developed by KVIC
The Khadi and Village Industries Commission has developed double layered Khadi
masks. The orders for these masks have been procured in large quantities.
1. Highlights
The demand for double layered khadi masks is increasing. Recently, an order of 7.5 lakh
of these masks were placed with KVIC by Jammu and Kashmir Government alone. These
masks have good demand in the market as they absorb 70% of moisture content inside.
This provides an easy passage for air. Also, the fabric used to make these masks are
hand spun and breathable. Hence these masks are washable, biodegradable and
reusable as well.
2. Way Forward
KVIC is to provide 12 lakh masks after several institutions have placed orders. They also
provide livelihood opportunities to Khadi artisans. The masks are made only from cotton
and wool that are procured from Uttar Pradesh and Haryana.
3. Cotton Cultivation in India

Cotton production in India for the year 2019-20 was 345.5 bales. It was 15% more as
compared to the previous year.
131. COVID-19: What are Red, Orange and Green Zones?
On April 11, 2020, PM Modi interacted with the Chief Ministers of the states through
video conferencing. During the meet, most of them favoured extending the lock down.
1. Highlights
As the lock down comes to an end on April 14, 2020, the GoI has been looking for ways
to act then on. It has now been concluded that India will enter into “smart Lockdown”.
Under the smart lock down, India is to be demarcated into red, orange and green zones.
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2. What are the colour zones?
India is to be demarcated into colour zones based on the outbreak of the virus in the
region. The red zones are regions that were declared as hotspots. Here no economic
activity if to be allowed. The orange zones are regions where limited public transport is
to be allowed. In these regions harvesting of farm products will also be allowed. In the
green zones, along with farm activities, MSME industries will also begin to function.
These industries will provide in-house lodging facilities for employees along with social
distancing facilities.
April 13, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
132. YUKTI Portal launched by Ministry of HRD
The Ministry of Human Resource and Development has launched the YUKTI portal to
monitor initiatives. YUKTI is Young India Combating COVID with Knowledge, Technology
and Innovation. The portal will record, cover and monitor initiatives of Ministry of HRD
and other educational institutes in the country.
1. Highlights
The main aim of the portal is to act as a two-way communication between the
institutions and the ministry. It will act as a platform for the institutions to share their
knowledge about challenges faced in encountering COVID-19.
2. Aim of the portal

The portal will cover initiatives taken by several institutions for the betterment of the
students. It will also provide information for the ministry to monitor activities in the
coming six months. Also, the platform will help in taking research updates to the citizens
in the country.
133. ICMR: More than 40 vaccines under development of COVID-19
The Indian Council of Medical Research on April 12, 2020 announced that there are more
than 40 vaccines that are under trial currently in India.
1. Highlights
India from the beginning had been focusing on preventive and containment measures.
The research and development in the country were also directed towards fulfilling the
exponentially rising shortages such as ventilators, sanitizers, personal protective
equipment, testing kit, etc. A very few researches focused on vaccines and so far there
are 40 researches that are currently under development in the country.
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2. Phases of Vaccine trials
The World Health Organization provides three phases of clinical trials for the vaccines.
They are the clinical studies carried out to test the properties of the vaccine, studies that
provide larger information about vaccine’s ability and the decisive phase if license shall
be granted. The decision is taken based on data presented on the safety and effectivity
of the vaccine.
134. Expert Committee constituted by UGC
On April 12, 2020, the University Grants Commission has constituted an expert
committee to recommend the use of e-resources and enhance online education system
in the country.
1. Highlights
The committee will recommend solutions to gather e-resources in a single platform and
also to enhance online education in the country. This will help students staying home
under lock down.
2. Significance
The GoI has been inviting suggestions and sharing ideas to boost e-learning in the
country. This is being done to help students and teachers spend quality time improving
their knowledge, to monitor research and development on COVID-19 related solutions.
3. Exam Delay
UGC had also constituted an expert committee to assess the exam delays due to the
lock down. The committee constitutes of 7 members and will work on solutions to
counter impact of COVID-19 on semester exams of several universities.
135. National Rural Livelihood Mission: PPEs by Women SHGs
The COVID-19 outbreak has brought in unprecedented health emergency worldwide.

This has created huge demand for PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) and face shields.
In order to fulfil these needs, the Self-Help Groups spread all over India have now
stepped into the production of PPEs and other medical essentials.
1. Highlights
Under National Rural Livelihood Mission, there are more than 690 lakh Self Help Groups
working all over the country. They have now emerged as community warriors delivering
masks, personal protective equipment and affordable sanitizer. The products are being
developed according to the guidelines proposed by WHO. Around 900 SHGs from 9
states are involved in the production.
2. PPE
The SHGs have prepared 5,000 PPE kits so far. This includes aprons, face shields and
gowns.
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3. Sanitizers
The Self-Help Groups are developing the sanitizers using alcohol (72%), glycerin (13%),
distilled water (13%), basil (2%). They are delivered at affordable prices as well (Rs 30
per litre). So far 1.15 lakh litres of sanitizers have been delivered.
136. Supreme Court directions on welfare of Migrant workers
The Ministry of Home Affairs has directed the states and union territories to take welfare
measures for migrants in the country based on directions of Supreme court.
1. Highlights
The central government recently extended the lock down by demarcating the country
into red, orange and green zones based on the intensity of the disease in the region.
However, the migrants are to be kept in camps.
2. Directions of Supreme Court

The apex court had directed to provide adequate medical facilities and arrangement for
food, sanitation and clean drinking water. Also, the court directed that group leaders
belonging to all faiths should visit camps to deal with the consternation faced by the
migrants.
3. Migrant Workers
There are more than 9 million migrant workers in the country. They constitute to 30% of
national population. The Inter-State Migrant Workers Act, 1979 aims to safeguard
migrants in the country.
137. OPEC and Russia approve biggest Oil Cuts
The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and Russia have come
together to cut oil output by 10%. This is being done to control the falling oil prices
amidst lock down all over the world due to COVID-19.
1. Background
The Russian Government earlier refuted to sign the deal when Saudi Arabia initiated
production cuts. Russian petroleum exports were badly hit due to the CAATSA imposed
by Russia. Hence, Russian market began to turn in towards the its own country markets.
Russia in fact began to increase its production since then. Russia had planned to boost
its production to 500,000 bpd to fulfil its own energy demands and also to suffice its
export destinations.
2. Takeaways of India
The big consumer countries such as India, China, Japan and South Korea backed the deal
to boost their reserves. This is because, the current deal on which OPEC members are
supplying oil had come to an end by March 30, 2020. Though the new deal has made the
biggest cuts, it will not cause major changes to price changes as the demand is
unpredictably low.
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3. Role of US
The deal was brokered by the US President and also by G20. The United States had a
major role as it intended to protect its energy sector. The US shale sector was battered
badly due to decline in oil prices.
138. 6,300 Janaushadhi Kendras operating during Lock Down
The Government of India is currently making sure that there are enough medicines
available at Pradhan Mantri Janaushadhi Kendras.
1. Highlights
There are more than 6,300 Pradhan Mantri Janaushadhi Kendras in the country working
to ensure affordable medicines. GoI is making sure affordable medicines are available in
these kendras. The warehouses are to operate 24/7 to deal with the current situation.
2. Pradhan Mantri Jan Aushadhi Kendra

The Pradhan Mantri Jan Aushadhi were set up to provide generic drugs. It was launched
in 2014 with the aim of “Quality Medicines at Affordable prices for all”. These Kendras
will provide equivalent drugs as branded drugs are expensive. These stores also sell
surgical items supplied by BPPI (Bureau of Pharma Public Sector undertakings of India).
139. Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana: Rs 5,000 crores transferred for free
delivery of LPG
The GoI has so far transferred Rs 5,000 crores to Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY).
This has been done to provide free LPG cylinders to PMUY beneficiaries.

The GoI under Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan package had announced free delivery of LPG
cylinders. Under this initiative, free LPG refills were to be provided for a period of three
months to the Ujjwala beneficiaries.
2. Current Scenario
There are 27.87 crore LPG consumers in the country. Of this, the PMUY beneficiaries are
8 crores.
3. PMUY
The Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana was launched in 2016. The scheme was launched to
provide LPG connections to families below poverty line. According to WHO, more than 5
lakh women died in India due to unclean cooking fuel. Hence, the scheme will help in
improving the health conditions of women, reduce the cooking time and effort.
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140. Initiatives to prevent disruption of farming activity during lockdown
The Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer Welfare has launched several initiatives to
promote farming during lock down.
1. Highlights
The Ministry had allowed imports of more than 1.25 lakh metric tonnes of chemicals
used in farming. The Agricultural and Processed Food products Export Development
Authority (APEDA) focused specially on the transport of major exports in the country
such as meat, diary, poultry and other organic products. Also, APEDA helped in resolving
packaging units and curfew passes.
2. What are the initiatives?

 The Certificate of Registration to indigenous manufacturing, raw materials for industrial units
involved in chemicals (used in agriculture) were provided through Virtual Private Network
(VPN).
 The National Conference on Kharif Crops-2020 is to be conducted through video conference
on April 16, 2020.
 The Indian Railways introduced 67 new routes for parcel services. These routes are to be
used to supply essential commodities such as agricultural inputs, horticultural produce and
dairy products.
141. 101st anniversary of Jallianwala Bagh Massacre marked
The Government of India marked the anniversary of Jallianwala Bagh Massacre on April
13, 2020. The martyrs killed on the day mercilessly are remembered. PM Modi and other
leaders paid tribute to such great martyrs
1. Jallianwala Bagh Massacre

On April 13, 2020, (Baisakhi Day), at Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar, a peaceful meeting
was held by 150,000 to 200,000 people. General Dyer ordered to open fire at the crowd
that killed thousands. The people gathered at the park to protest against Rowlatt Act
silently.
2. Rowlatt Act
The act empowered the British Government to imprison any person under suspicion of
terror for a maximum of 2 years. A panel was set up for speedy trials with 3 high court
judges. There were no court of appeal above the panel. The act also placed severe
restrictions on press.
142. What is Helicopter Money being suggested by World Experts?
With the increasing economic crisis, Helicopter Money is a solution being suggested by
economic specialists all over the world.
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1. What is Helicopter Money?
Helicopter Money was the term framed by an American Economist Milton Friedman.
Helicopter Money is the monetary policy tool used for Quantitative Easing. It aims to
dump money into a struggling economy.
2. Helicopter Money in Indian Economy

In India, Telangana Chief Minister K Chandrashekar Rao has suggested the concept for
the state governments to revive economic growth. He asked the RBI to release 5% of
GDP as Helicopter money.
143. CollabCAD launched in Atal Tinkering Labs
On April 13, 2020, the NITI Aayog, Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) and National Informatics
Centre jointly launched CollabCAD initiative. The initiative aims to provide a platform to
find solutions in terms of 2D drafting and 3D product design.
1. Highlights
The initiative aims to provide platform for the students of Atal Tinkering Labs to create
and modify 3D designs. This will enable creativity and imaginations.
2. Significance
The collaboration of AIM with the initiative will act as a great platform for children to
improve their innovative ideas.
3. What is CollabCAD?
The CollabCAD is a software that is highly relevant to school students. It helps to
materialize their creativity and ideas.
Apart from CollabCAD, a game development module was also launched by AIM in
partnership with DELL Technologies. Through the platform, children can create their own
games. This will help to increase their software knowledge while staying home.
144. Indo-US IUSSTF to address COVID-19 challenges
The IUSSTF, Indo-US Science and Technology Forum has invited proposals from Indian
and American scientists. The proposals will demonstrate value and benefits of Indo-US
partnership in COVID-19 research.
1. Highlights
The global partnerships and collaborations are bringing together scientists and
engineers from different parts of the world to find solutions for COVID-19. The IUSSTF is
now encouraging such collaborations to catalyze both India and United States.
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2. IUSSTF
The IUSSTF was established in March 2000. It was established under an agreement
between India and USA. It is an autonomous organization that is jointly funded by both
the governments. It promotes interaction between the governments in the field of
science, engineering, innovation and technology.
3. Objectives of IUSSTF
The IUSSTF aims to create awareness through exchange programmes. It also encourages
public-private partnerships to foster innovation.
4. Nodal partners
The Department of Science and Technology is the nodal agency representing India at the
IUSSTF. From the US, the US department of State is to represent the country.
145. India’s first remote Health Monitoring System set up in Rishikesh
The All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) in Rishikesh along with BHEL (Bharat
Heavy Electronics Limited) has set up India’s first remote health monitoring system. The
system is to be widely used in the state of Uttarakhand to monitor COVID-19 patients
1. Highlights
The remote health monitoring system allows the doctors at AIIMS to monitor body
temperature and oxygen of patients remotely. A website and mobile application were
also built as a part of the system. The patients can use these resources and inform
doctors about their illness sitting at home. The system also provides monitoring kits to
patients when they are suspected of COVID-19.
2. Significance
The kits delivered for home monitoring will issue alerts if the patients need to be
admitted in the hospital. The mobile application launched will also help locate the
regions in the state where the disease is spreading.
146. April 14: World Chagas Disease Day
On April 14, 2020, the world community is to celebrate World Chagas Disease Day for
the first time. The main aim of marking the day is to increase awareness of Chagas
disease. Also, it focuses on the resources needed to prevent, control and eliminate the
disease.
1. Highlights
The Chagas disease is also called “American trypanosomiasis”. The disease has been
termed as silent and silenced disease. This is because, it progresses very slowly and
mainly affects the people under poverty who do not have political voice to access health
care.
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2. About Chagas Disease
The disease mainly affects poor people in Latin America. It is prevalent in USA, Western
Pacific, European and Canada.
3. World Chagas Disease Day

The Day is marked by the World Health Organization and also by several other world
organizations. It was initiated by International Federation of Associations of People
Affected by Chagas disease.
147. NCAER: COVID-19 Lock Down impacts 85% of NCR households
On April 13, 2020, the National Council for Applied Economic Research (NCAER) released
its report on survey conducted in National Capital Region (NCR).
1. Key findings of the survey

According to the survey, 85% of the households in the NCR are heavily impacted due to
COVID-19 outbreak. The survey was conducted through telephonic conversations.
Around 1,750 labourers participated in the survey.
2. Other Highlights
Around 95% of the participants agrees that the disease is highly dangerous. The survey
says that around two-thirds of the households in the capital are affected due to shortage
of medical supplies, fuel, food. Amidst these difficulties, 87% of the participants
supported the extension of lock down.
3. About NCAER
NCAER is a non-profit think tank based in New Delhi. It operates with the funds from
Ministry of Finance, Ford and TATA sons. It was established in 1959.
April 14, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
148. CII Report: “Exit from Lock Down”
The Confederation of Indian Industries recently published its report “Exit from Lock
Down”. Under the report, the confederation suggests slow and staggered approach of
reopening of industrial sectors.
1. Key Highlights of the report

The Report suggests classification of geographies as red, amber and green. This should
be done based on the incidence of COVID-19 cases. The CII prioritises sectors for a
restart based on four indicators as follows
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2. Stages of Exit
The CII strategizes stage wise exit from Lock Down. The Stage I would include 100%
operationalisation of manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, apparels, textiles, minerals, food
processing and metals. The Stage II is opening of e-commerce, agri marketing
operations, chemicals and automobiles after a gap of one or two weeks of stage I. the
Stage III is opening of remaining sectors.
149. E-NAM completes four years of service
On April 14, 2020, the Electronic-National Agricultural Market completed four years of
implementation. It was developed under the concept of “One Nation One Market”.
1. About E-NAM
E-NAM is managed by the Small Farmers Agribusiness Consortium (SFAC). It provides
single service for all APMC (Agricultural Produce Marketing Committee) related activities.
Today there are more than 450 APMCs listed under E-NAM for trade.
2. Functions of E-NAM
E-NAM provides information and trading of commodities. It aggregates quantity of
supplies traded. The platform provides cashless transactions. It offers access to soil
testing and provides elementary amenities for sorting and packing to farmers.
3. Working of E-NAM
A representative of the Government will be appointed for every mandi. His tenure is for
one year and he is responsible for smooth and seamless operation of the portal.
150. Core Strategy Group formed in CSIR
On April 13, 2020, a core strategy group was formed in CSIR (Council of Scientific and
Industrial Research). The group will work towards rapid and economical diagnostics,
digital and molecular surveillance and repurposing of drugs.
1. Concerns
The GoI has not yet displayed list of dedicated hospitals for COVID-19. For now, when a
person is suspicious over his infection or symptoms, he has to contact dedicated call
centres of the central and state health departments.
2. Other Measures
Under National Rural Livelihood Mission, over 78,000 Self Help Groups have so far made
1.96 crores of masks. Apart from this around 39 domestic manufacturers are involved in
production of PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) kits.
3. Scheme wise
Under Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana, free cylinders were delivered. Rs 9,930 has been
disbursed so far under Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana to women account holders.
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151. First Ship load of Crude Oil reaches India
On April 13, 2020, the first crude oil of 1 million barrels from UAE have reached India.
The oil prices have declined by 60% since January, 2020. The prices are expected to rise
with OPEC and Russia have come to terms to cut their production by 10%. Hence, this is
the right time to fill in oil storages.
1. India’s oil reserves

India has an emergency storage of 5.33 million tonnes. This would suffice the oil
demands of the country for 9.5 days. The oil reserves are stored in Mangalore, PAdur
and Vishkhapatnam. The Padur oil storage is the biggest of all the three storages. It can
store 17 million barrels (2.5 million tonnes).
2. Financial requirements
The Government of India had set aside Rs 700 crores for oil alone. It needs Rs 2,000
crore more to buy 15 million barrels.
3. Oil Imports
India imports 83% of its oil. Iraq is India’s largest crude oil supplier meeting one-fourth of
the country’s needs. India imports around 111 million tonnes of oil from Iraq. Following
Iraq, Saudi Arabia is the second largest oil supplier exporting 20.7 million tonnes of oil to
India.
4. India-US
The oil imports from the US has been increasing lately. US is the sixth largest oil supplier
of India. In 2017, India imported 1.9 million tonnes of crude oil from the US. This
increased to 6.2 million tonnes in 2018-19.
152. Curbs on Palm oil imports tightened
On April 13, 2020, India tightened its curbs on imports of palm oil. Under the new
conditions, the authorisation for imports of palm oil should be accompanied with pre-
purchase agreement.
1. Highlights
Apart from the pre-purchase agreement, “certificate of origin” has also been made
mandatory. This certificate is important to prove where the goods come from. The
import licensing of palm oil has been made to 6 months in place of 18 months.
2. India’s Imports
India is the world’s largest importer of vegetable oil and buys around 15 million tonnes
annually. India primarily imports palm oil from Indonesia and Malaysia. Malaysia
produces 19 million tonnes of palm oil a year and Indonesia produce 43 million tonnes of
palm oil a year.
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153. Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana: 32 Crore receive financial
assistance
Under Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana, more than 32 crore have received financial
assistance so far.
1. Highlights
The scheme has benefitted the public in the following ways
2. MNREGA
The package also includes financial assistance to MNREGA workers. It also covers health
insurance to health workers.
154. ICMR: Remdesvir effective in stopping replication mechanism of

COVID-19
On April 13, 2020, the Indian Council of Medical Research announced that the antiviral
drug Remdesvir is highly effective in stopping the replication of COVID-19.
1. Highlights
The research on the efficacy of Remdesvir is a part of WHO’s “Solidarity Trial”. The
efficacy of Remdesvir is not based on clinical trials. However, ICMR is concluding its
efficacy based on studies. According to studies, 68% of patients that were under the
treatment of Remdesvir did not require ventilator or oxygen support after taking the
drug.
2. About the study

The drug was used against Ebola virus. The drug has been found to hinder the
reproduction activity of the COVID-19. The study recently published by the New England
Journal of Medicine also says that 2 out of every 3 patients showed signs of improvement
on using the Remdesvir drug.
155. Siachen Day Commemorated
On April 13, 2020, the Indian Army commemorated Siachen Day. The day is observed to
commemorate the courage of Indian Army under “Operation Meghdoot”. The Day also
honours Siachen Warriors serving motherland successfully from the enemy.
1. Highlights
Every year, the Indian army commemorates by displaying the courage of Indian Army
troops that are securing the coldest and highest battlefield in the world.
2. Operation Meghdoot
The Operation Meghdoot was launched on April 13, 1984. Under the operation, the
Indian troops successfully gained control of entire Siachen glacier. The Operation was
led by Lieutenant General Prem Nath Hoon.
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3. Background
The Karachi Agreement that was signed in July 1949 did not specify who had authority
over Siachen Glacier. In 1970s and 1980s, the Pakistan Government gave permission to
mountaineering expeditions. India made its first air landing on the glacier in 1978.
156. US approves missile sales to India
On April 14, 2020, the United States approved missiles sales to India. They are the
Torpedoes lightweight missiles and Harpoon air-launched missiles. The missiles are
being sold at 155 million USD
1. Highlights
The cost of Harpoon missiles is 92 million USD and that of Torpedoes is 63 million USD.
The missiles will help India to improve its capability against threats from enemy weapon
system. The lightweight Torpedoes will be used to in anti-submarine warfare missions.
2. US benefits
According to the US, the missiles will help the United States to strengthen one of its
major defence partner. Also, it will help in bringing peace, political stability and
economic progress in the Indo-Pacific region.
3. Indian Benefits
India will use the missiles strengthen its homeland defences. Also, these missiles are
completely compatible with India’s p-81 aircrafts and therefore, there are no difficulties
for India to absorb these systems in its armed forces.
157. World Bank: India is expected to grow at 1.5% to 2.8%
On April 13, 2020, the World Bank released its report “South Asia Economic Focus”.
According to the report, the Indian Economy is expected to grow at 1.5% to 2.8%.
1. Key Highlights of the report

The report says that India’s growth rate is to be the lowest since its balance of payment
crisis in 1991. Earlier, the bank projected India’s growth rate as 6.1%. However, in the
coming years the growth rate is expected to be 4% to 5%.
2. Migrants
According to the report, there are 120 million migrants in the country. The top three
districts that are sending the work forces of the country are west Tripura, West Imphal
and Solapur of Maharashtra.
3. Growth Predictions
The Moody’s had earlier predicted India’s growth to be around 2.5%. The Fitch rating
fixed India’s Growth rate at 2%. The Asian Development Bank had projected India’s
growth rate to be 4%.
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4. Suggestions
The World Bank suggests to focus on providing food to every citizen of the country. Also,
it recommends temporary job programmes. The World Bank also recommends India to
make suitable measures to prevent bankruptcies especially in small and medium
enterprises.
158. GoI: 20 Control rooms set up to address wage-related issues
The Ministry of Labour has set up 20 control rooms to address wage related issues. They
can be accessed by the workers through phone numbers, emails and WhatsApp.
1. Highlights
The Ministry of Labour has set up helpline for workers mainly to address the grievances
of migrant workers. Also, the workers can register their complaints through emails and
WhatsApp.
2. Features
The control rooms will act as call centres. They are to be monitored by Labour
Enforcement Officers, Regional Labour Commissioners, Assistant Labour Commissioners
and Deputy Chief Labour Commissioners. The centres have been set up in different cities
namely Ajmer, Ahmedabad, Asanol, Bhubaneshwar, Chandigarh, Chennai, Dehradun,
Cochin, Delhi, Guwahati, Dhanbad, Hyderabad, Kanpur, Jabalpur, Kolkata, Nagpur,
Mumbai, Raipur and Patna.
3. Significance
The control rooms will help the migrant workers as they are badly affected due to Lock
down. The number of migrant workers in the country according to the International
Labour Organization is 40 crore.
159. PM Modi launches “Saptapadi” to fight against COVID-19
On April 14, 2020, Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched “Saptapdi” to fight against
COVID-19. Saptapadi is seven mantras to fight against the virus.
1. Highlights
PM Modi extended the lock down till May 3, 2020. This has been done after demarcating
the country into red, orange and green zones based on the spread of the virus. PM Modi
has launched 7 mantras in order to deal with the spread of virus.
2. Saptapdi
The 7 mantras are as follows
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160. Ambedkar Jayanti celebrated throughout the country
On April 14, 2020, India celebrated the 129th birth anniversary of Bhimarao Ramji
Ambedkar. Amidst the lock down, his birth anniversary is being celebrated digitally by
the whole of India. The Indian Constitution was prepared under the leadership of
Ambedkar.
1. About Ambedkar
Ambedkar was born in Mhow, Madhya Pradesh. It was a small cantonment in Indore
district. The town was later renamed as Dr Ambedkar Nagar in 2003. He was born as
Hindu and later converted into a Buddhist. He was recognised as modern Buddha of his
age.
2. Awards
He has won several awards namely Bodhisattva in 1956, Bharat Ratna in 1990. He was
also awarded The Greatest Indian award in 2012. When the Tri-coloured Indian flag was
created, it was Ambedkar who placed the Ashok Chakra in the middle.
161. Ordinance to allow states to increase work hours of Employees
The Central Government is to pass an ordinance that will allow state governments to
increase the flexibility of work hours of employees.
1. Highlights
The ordinance will address the issue of shortage of labours. It will facilitate the
companies to maintain social distancing. Also, it will enforce code on Occupational
Safety, Working Conditions and Health. The code empowers states to notify work hours.
The workers under the ordinance will work on extended shifts. Currently, the prescribed
working hours of labours according to the act is 8 hours a day.
2. Why the ordinance?

The State Governments cannot amend laws that are under centres’s list. It shall only
work on state and concurrent list. Thus, the ordinance is being passed to help state
governments set flexible work hours with a prescribed ceiling.
3. Difference between Centre and State Lock Down

The States such as Punjab, Telangana, Odisha, West Bengal and Karnataka extended
their lock down to April 30,2020. On the other hand, the centre has extended the lock
down till May 3, 2020.
April 15, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
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162. Uttar Pradesh: First State to start Pool Testing
On April 14, 2020, the ICMR (Indian Council of Medical Research) gave permission for the
state of Uttar Pradesh to start pool testing of COVID-19. With this, UP has become the
first state to start pool testing.
1. Highlights
Pool testing is being done in the state to increase the number of testing. With the
number of cases increased to 558, the state expects there could be more cases than the
numbers provided. Hence pool testing has been adopted.
2. Pool Testing
Under Pool Testing, if 10 samples of COVID-19 test negative, then it is an indicator that
all the samples test negative. On the other hand, if the samples tested are not negative,
individual testing will be done. Under pool testing, the samples will be mixed and tested.
3. Significance
The pool testing increases the testing capacity of a state. The method will accelerate the
testing process.
163. Wheat Procurement Season begins amidst COVID-19 crisis
Every year, wheat procurement begins by April first week and mustard procurement by
last week of March. However, this year, due to lock down and COVID-19 crisis, the
procurement process has been delayed by 15 days.
1. Highlights
The Food Corporation of India transported 50,000 metric tonnes of rice and wheat out of
Punjab through special trains. This has been done to allocate space for the wheat to be
procured.
2. Wheat Production 2020-21

Wheat Production is estimated to be at all an all time high of over 106.21 million tonnes.
This is mainly because the acreage in all these major wheat growing states is high. The
three states namely Madhya Pradesh, Punjab and Haryana account to 90% of wheat
production in the country.
164. International Monetary Fund predicts India’s Growth Rate at 1.9%
Following the World that set India’s Growth rate between 1.5% and 2.8%, the
International Monetary Fund has set growth rate of India at 1.9%.
1. Highlights
IMF also says that the India will recover at the growth rate of 7.4% in 2021-22. The world
economy is to revive at 5.8% according to the report. The IMF has predicted that the
countries such as India, China, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines and Vietnam
will alone see increasing growth rate.
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2. Other countries
According to the report, the other major economies of the world are to face decreasing
growth rate. US is to witness a declining growth rate of 6.1%, France at -7.2%, UK at -
6.5%, Germany at -7%, Italy at -9.1%. The negative growth rates have directly projects
the intensity of spread of COVID-19 virus.
165. “COVSACK” developed by DRDO to combat COVID-19
The Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO) has developed COVSACK
to receive samples from COVID-19 infected patients. The COVSACK is COVID-19 Sample
Collection Kiosk.
1. Highlights
The COVSACK was developed by consulting doctors in Employees State Insurance
Corporation (ESIC).
2. About COVSACK
A patient walks into the Kiosk cabin and a health care professional from outside the
cabin collects samples with oral swabs. After the patient leaves the cabin, four nozzle
sprayers spray disinfectants mist for around 70 seconds. Further, the cabin is flushed
with water and UV light.
3. Benefits
The system is ready in less than 2 minutes for the next use. The cost of COVSACK is
around Rs 1 lakh. There is no involvement of manual disinfection in the entire process.
Therefore, the system is safe to use.
166. India plans on ayurvedic Trials for COVID-19; Task Force

Constituted
Several states in India such as Kerala, Goa and Haryana have started to use ayurvedic
medicines to save asymptomatic patients. In order to achieve this, the Ayush Ministry
has sought suggestions from homeopathy and Ayurvedic practitioners in the country.
1. Highlights
The experts that were sought for suggestions have submitted more than 2000 proposals.
A task force has been formed for scientific validation of ayurvedic and traditional
medicine formula to shortlist the protocol. The Task force consists of members from
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Department of Biotechnology (DBT).
2. Current Scenario
Currently, the Hydroxychloroquine drug is being used as a preventive measure for
asymptomatic patients. The drug has several side effects.
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167. India to host Asian Boxing Championship
The National Sports Federation of India recently announced that it is host the Asian
Boxing Championship by November-December 2020. The federation is positive about the
virus to be wiped out by then.
1. Highlights
The host city of the competition is to be finalised after things normalize. The host city is
to be decided by the Boxing Federation of India.
2. About the competition

The competition is a biennial event but was held in consecutive years in the past. Apart
from this, the Olympic qualification programme is also likely to begin around November-
December by the International Olympic Committee.
3. Boxing and India

India hosted men’s Asia boxing championship in Mumbai in 1980. It hosted the women’s
event in Hisar in 2003. Around five men and four women have been qualified for Tokyo
Olympics from India so far.
4. Boxing Federation of India

BFI is the governing body for Olympic boxing in India. It represents India at the
International Boxing Association.
168. Home Ministry issues Guidelines for Lock Down 2.0
On April 15, 2020, the Ministry of Home Affairs launched revised guidelines for lock down
2.0. The second lock down, also called the smart lock down aims to consolidate the gains
achieved by the first lock down. It is to be extended till May 3, 2020
1. Highlights
Under the smart lock down the public transport services, cinema halls, shopping
complexes, educational institutions are all to remain closed. However, selected industrial
activities especially those that are essential to maintain essential services are to be
allowed to be functional from April 20.
2. Spitting is Offensive
The guidelines make the use of face masks at work places compulsory. Also, health care
measures such as fines for spitting, provisions of sanitizers and thermal screening have
been made compulsory.
3. SEZs
The industrial establishments operating in Special Economic Zones and Industrial Estates
have been permitted. Coal mining and oil production are permitted.
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169. All India Agri Transport Call Centre Numbers launched
On April 15, 2020, the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer Welfare launched All India Agri
Transport Call Centre facility. The facility will avail inter-state movement of perishables.
1. Highlights
The Transport Call Centre will help in coordination between states. The traders, truck
drivers, manufacturers that are facing difficulties in transporting perishables and other
horticultural commodities shall seek help from the call centre. The call centres are to be
operated by IFFCO Kisan Sanchar Limited (IKSL).
2. IKSL
The IKSL has been promoted by the IFFCO (Indian Farmers Fertilizers Cooperative
Limited) along with Bharti Airtel and Star global Resource Limited.
170. History of Pandemics: Justinian Plague, Black Death and Spanish

Flu
The COVID-19 has killed thousands and has indented a bad and deep history of
economic crisis. It has locked down almost every super economic power in the world and
has left permanent damages to developing countries. There were several other
Pandemics in the history that created equal impacts. They are Justinian Plague, Black
Death and Spanish Flu
1. Justinian Plague
The Justinian Plague was the deadliest pandemic that broke in 6th century. It had spread
from Egypt to Constantinople. The disease was named after the emperor Justinian as the
disease hit the region during his reign of Byzantine Empire. The disease killed more than
100 million.
2. Black Death
The Black Death killed more than 200 million. It struck China, Syria, India and Egypt. The
disease arrived in Europe in 1347. The labour demand in Europe rose and wages tripled.
It also led to Peasant Revolt in England in 1381. Jews were blamed for spreading the
illness and were burnt alive in many parts of the country.
3. Spanish Flu
The Spanish Flu broke during the last phase of World War I. It killed more than 50 million
people. It was recorded in Europe and later spread to Asia and America. The disease
weakened German units and was is till considered as one of the reasons for the fall of
Germany in the war.
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171. US stops WHO funding
On April 15, 2020, the United States stopped its funding towards World Health
Organization (WHO). The United States provides 400-500 million USD to the organization
annually.
1. Highlights
The American President Donald Trump was threatening the world organization that the
United States would freeze its funding. The President has now stopped the funding
completely accusing the organization being completely China-centric.
2. Funds of WHO
There are four major kinds of contributions that make up the funds of WHO. It includes
assessed contribution, voluntary contribution, core voluntary contributions and PIP
contributions.
172. North Korea test fires anti-ship missiles
On April 14, 2020, North Korea test fired anti-ship cruise missiles as a part of military
exercises. The missiles were of short range and test fired into the sea.
1. Highlights
The missiles were test fired to celebrate the birth anniversary of Kim II Sung. He was the
grand father of the current North Korean leader Kim Jong Un.
2. About the missile

The missiles were capable of travelling 150 kilometres. According to the South Korean
officials, multiple missiles were test fired. The South Korea also reports that there has
been increase in the air force activities of the country lately. The missiles were fired by
Sukhoi jets.
3. Sukhoi
The Sukhoi are supersonic fighter jets that were invented by the Soviet Union in 1955.
Indian Air Force used the Sukhoi aircrafts extensively during 1971 Pakistan war. These
aircrafts are currently being used by Afghanistan, Czechoslovakia, Algeria, Egypt, Iraq,
India. Poland, Syria and Soviet Union.
173. NITI Aayog: “Arogya Setu” – Fastest App to reach 50 million

downloads
On April 15, 2020 NITI Aayog announced that Arogya Setu became the first mobile
application in the world to reach more than 50 million downloads in short span of time.
1. Highlights
The application was developed by a committee set up by Prime Minister Modi. The
application was used for contact tracing.
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2. Record set
The application reached 50 million downloads in just 19 days. With this, the mobile app
has overtaken the record set by Nintendo’s popular “Pokemon GO” application on
Google Play. 99% of downloads of Arogya Setu were made on Android platform.
3. Other similar initiatives

Singapore Government had launched similar application called Trace Together for
contact tracing. Currently, Google and Apple are collaborating together to launch similar
contact tracing initiatives.
4. Security features
The application secures the data collected from the person using it. The data is stored in
the user device only for 30 days. And also the data on the non-risk users are deleted
within 45 days.
174. “Dekho Apna Desh”: A Webinar launched by Tourism Ministry
On April 14, 2020, the Ministry of Tourism launched “Dekho Apna Desh”. It is a webinar
that caters in-depth information about tourist destinations in the country. It also provides
details about culture and heritage of India.
1. Highlights
The first webinar series is to explain long history of Delhi. It has been titled as “City of
cities-Delhi’s Personal Diary”. The first session was a huge success with more than 5,546
people attending it.
2. The second series

The second webinar series is to start on April 16, 2020. The second series has been
named “Calcutta-A Confluences of Culture”. The series is to discuss how the melting pot
of diversity is to be kept alive.
3. Tourism
The tourism sector is greatly affected by COVID-19. The tourism sector currently
accounts to 10% of global GDP. With the world affected by severe lock down, the tourism
sector has cut down 50 million jobs. It might take 10 months for the tourism sector to
recover.
175. Fit India Active Day Programme launched under Fit India Movement
On April 14, 2020, Government of India launched Fit India Active Day Programme. The
programme was launched under the flagship initiative of GoI called “Fit India”.
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1. Highlights
The Ministry of AYUSH has issued guidelines to implement the Fit India Active Day
Programme. The programme is launched to make sure children practice fitness even
when they stay home. The programme also intends to create immunity against COVID-
19.
2. Fit India Movement

The Fit India Movement was launched to encouraged to make sure the citizens stay
healthy through sports and physical activities. The movement was launched by PM Modi
during National Sports Day, 2019.
3. National Sports Day

The National Sports Day is observed every year on August 29. The day is celebrated to
mark the birth anniversary of the legendary hockey player Dhyan Chand.
176. Training Programme announced by MEA for SAARC Health

Professionals
The Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation Programme (ITEC) on April 14, 2020
announced a training programme for the health care professionals from SAARC
countries.
1. About the Programme

The programme is to be conducted by the Ministry of External Affairs. On March 15,
2020, PM Modi during the video conference with the SAARC leaders suggested for the
health professionals to come together to fight against COVID-19 jointly. He also
proposed creation of SAARC COVID-19 Emergency funds.
2. COVID-19 Emergency Funds

India contributed 10 million USD towards the funds. Pakistan contributed 3 million USD.
Bangladesh, Nepal and Afghanistan have announced to contribute 1.5 million USD each.
Sri Lanka has announced to contribute 5 million USD. Maldives and Bhutan are to
contribute 200,000 USD and 100,000 USD respectively. The accumulated sum of money
in the funds account to 21.8 million USD.
3. ITEC
The ITEC is Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation programme. The programme
was established in 1964. The ITEC is bilateral in nature. However, lately the programme
is being used to help multilateral groupings such as ASEAN, BIMSTEC, WTO, IOR-ARC
(Indian Ocean Rim-Association for Regional Cooperation), CARCICOM (Caribbean
Community).
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April 16, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
177. India attends G20 Finance Ministerial Meeting
On April 15, 2020, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitaraman attended G20 Finance Minister
meet. The Minister shared the policy measures being implemented by the Government
of India and RBI.
1. Action Plan
The outcome of the virtual financial ministerial meet is as follows
2. About the meet

Every year since 1999, the financial minsters of the G20 member countries meet to
discuss major economic issues that is prevailing globally.
3. Financial Stability Board

The Financial Stability Board works towards international financial stability. It seeks to
strengthen financial systems all over the world. The Board takes its decision based on
the reports of IMF and World Bank. There are three Standing committees that operated
under the board. They are
178. India-WHO engages National Polio Surveillance Network for COVID-

19
On April 16, 2020, India joined hands with World Health Organization to implement
National Polio Surveillance Network to contain COVID-19. Along with COVID-19, the team
will also be involved to support elimination of tuberculosis and other diseases.
1. Highlights
With National Polio Surveillance Project, India eliminated polio in 2014. The Ministry of
Health and Family Welfare along with World Health Organization is to now use the
project to control the spread of COVID-19.
2. National Polio Surveillance Project

The Project was launched in 1997. It was collaboration between Indian Government and
WHO. The project aimed to cover 100% of immunization in the country. The project
worked with the help of UNICEF, Rotary international and launched large scale
immunization programme.
179. Spitting an offence: Section 51 of Disaster Management Act
The Ministry of Home Affairs issued guidelines for Lock Down 2.0 that was extended till
May 3, 2020. According to the new guidelines, spitting in the public was made offensive
under National Disaster Management Act.
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1. Highlights
The guidelines also had made wearing masks in public places mandatory. Spitting has
been made punishable under Section 51 of Disaster Management Act. Refusal to abide
by the order shall lead to imprisonment till one year.
2. Section 51
Under the section, a person denying to obey orders passed under the act is punishable.
3. Why Disaster Management Act?

States such as Bihar, Telangana, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Haryana,
Maharashtra, Assam and Nagaland have banned the use of smokeless tobacco products.
Other states have taken no action against spread of COVID-19 through spitting in public
places. With COVID-19 made a “notified disaster”, order passed under the Disaster
management act applies to whole of India
180. GoI allows MGNREGA to begin in rural regions
On April 15, 2020 the Government of India issued guidelines for the extended lock down.
Under the guidelines, the Government allows industrial works, road construction works
and MGNREGA to begin in the rural areas
1. Need
MGNREGA (Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act) is the biggest
source of employment generation in the country. It provides work to more than 50 to 60
million households annually. GoI estimates that there are around 500,000 to 600,000
migrants that have returned to their villages through out the country due to lock down.
Thus, allowing MGNREGA, industrial works and construction activities in rural regions will
help these migrants.
2. Plan
The aim is to help workers of unorganized sector and the migrants. Hence, the
guidelines have classified all the industrial activities falling outside municipal limits as
industrial activities in rural areas. Also, the brick kilns are to be restarted.
3. Funds
The central government had allocated Rs 60,000 crore for MGNREGA for the financial
year 2020-21. The rural road infrastructure programme had received Rs 19,000 crore in
the budget of 2020-21. Apart from these, the Prandhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Ann Yojana
has allocated significant funds towards the welfare of rural and unorganized sector.
181. IPL 2020 suspended by BCCI
On April 15, 2020, Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) has suspended the Indian
Premier League, 2020 indefinitely. The decision was made after the lock down in India
was extended till May 3, 2020.
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1. Highlights
The BCCI had plans to conduct the month long matches in June, 2020. However, due to
the extension of the lock down and also with the increase in spread of the virus, the
matches have for now been suspended indefinitely. No date of postponement has been
announced.
2. BCCI
The BCCI was formed in 1928. It is the national governing body. Apart from IPL, BCCI
also organizes Ranji Trophy, Irani cup, Duleep Trophy, Vijay Hazare Trophy, Deodhar
Trophy, IPL, Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy, Women’s IPL, etc.
3. MS Dhoni Factor
The main catch of IPL, 2020 was the return of the Indian Cricketer M S Dhoni, former
Indian Cricket team captain to the international cricket. He has not played international
matches since 2019 world cup.
182. GoI announces 170 hotspots and 207 non hotspots of COVID-19
On April 15, 2020, the Government of India announced 170 hotspots and 207 non
hotspots in the country.
1. Highlights
The districts were sorted into 3 zones namely hot posts, non-hotspots and green zones.
The sorting was done by the Ministry of Health. The hotspots are also called red zones
and the non-hotspots are called the orange zones.

The Hotspots are to be given the highest priority. Cluster outbreak containment strategy,
large outbreak protocol, delineation of buffer zones, parameter mapping is to be
implemented. The Health Ministry is to present a detailed and well-defined entry and
exit points. Also, special teams are to work in containment zones. House-to-house survey
and contact tracing to focus on people facing influenza and SARS like symptoms is to be
conducted.
183. COVID-19: “Sahyog” Mobile application launched by Survey of India
The Survey of India has launched a mobile application called “Sahyog” to collect
information about COVID-19 specific data sets through community engagement.
1. Highlights
The application will help to increase response activities of the GoI towards the pandemic.
The data collected through the Sahyog application will be used to enhance other
applications such as “Arogya Setu” and the Integrated Geospatial platform.
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2. Benefits
The application will also collect geotagged information about India’s critical
infrastructure. This will help public health agencies to take decisions and frame protocols
in the fight against COVID-19.
3. Relevancy
The application will also provide other relevant information about COVID-19. This
includes containment areas, ICMR testing laboratories, hospitals, quarantine camps. The
data fed into the app by the ASHA and Anganwadi workers will act as a good support
system.
184. Integrated Geospatial Platform to complement Arogya Setu
On April 15, 2020, the Department of Science and Technology launched Integrated
Geospatial Platform to complement Arogya Setu and integrate data from several other
initiatives. The platform will help in planning area-specific strategies to handle socio-
economic impacts of COVID-19. The platform aims to provide map based data about the
COVID-19 affected region in the country.
1. Highlights
The platform will receive data from SAHYOG mobile application that was launched by
survey of India and also from web portal India maps (https://indiamaps.gov.in/soiapp).
The SAHYOG application collects information about data sets through community
engagement. Now along with India maps, the integrated platform will provide geospatial
information and the socio-economic distress and livelihood challenges related to the
region as well.
2. Benefits
The platform will help to strengthen National health emergency programme. It aims to
support socio-economic recovery processes. Also, the platform will act as an information
linkage between human, technological, medical and infrastructural resources.
185. South Korea ruling party wins election
On April 16, 2020, the ruling democratic party of President Moon Jae won the election
taking 180 seats. The opposition United Future Party took 103 seats. There are 300 seats
in the South Korea National Assembly.
1. Pandemic concerns
South Korea was the first country to hold national election among the COVID-19
pandemic. There were 14,000 polling booths set up for elections and at every polling
booth the temperature of the voters was checked before they were allowed to vote.
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2. Voting amidst COVID-19
The people had to use sanitizers and wear plastic gloves and face masks and stand at
least a metre apart to cast their vote. When a person had temperature above 37.5
degree Celsius, he had to vote in a separate booth.
3. Highlights
The turnout of voting in spite of COVID-19 crisis was the highest in the country since
1962. Around 66.2% of the country voted in the elections. There are currently 60,000
people in quarantine due to COVID-19.
186. India to receive 6,50,000 COVID-19 testing kits from China
The first lot of 3 lakh COVID-19 testing kits are to arrive from China on April 16, 2020. In
another 2 weeks India will receive 2 to 3 million kits from China.
1. Highlights
India has diversified its imports of COVID-19 testing kits from France, Germany, Korea
and Israel. Initially, Government of India refused to import kits from China as the kits
were of substandard. Later, the Ministry of external Affairs traced the roots of many of
these suppliers to China.
2. Role of External Affairs

The Ministry of External Affairs has been playing a major role in coordinating with other
governments to acquire medical supplies, personal protective equipment, ventilators,
etc. India will also import 15 million PPE kits from China. It is to be noted that 90% of raw
materials for India APIs (Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients) comes from China
3. Rapid Antibody testing

The rapid antibody testing is quicker than the PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) testing.
It takes 15 to 30 minutes to provide the results. The kit uses a lancet to prick on a
person’s finger and collects blood to examine for antibodies.
187. National Conference on Kharif Crops, 2020 held through video

conference
On April 16, 2020 the Union Agricultural Minister Shri Narendra Singh Tomar chaired the
National Conference on Kharif crops. The conference discussed measures to achieve
doubling of farmers’ income and to achieve Kharif target.
1. Highlights
The conference fixed the target of food grains for the year 2020-21 at 298 million
tonnes. The target was 291 million tonnes for the year 2019-20.
2. Initiatives discussed
The new initiatives to combat COVID-19 were also discussed in the conference. It
included
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188. Safety of Zoom Application red flagged by Home Ministry
On April 16, 2020, the Cyber Coordination Centre (CyCord) operating under Ministry of
Home Affairs red flagged Zoom application. The Home Ministry has issued guidelines to
use the Zoom platform.
1. Highlights
The Home Ministry has red flagged the Zoom application citing Indian Computer
Emergency Response Team (Cert-In). The guidelines have been issued to prevent an
unauthorised entry into the Zoom Conferences and prevent malicious attack on other
users.
2. Guidelines
The Home Ministry has stressed that the government officials should not use the
application for official purposes. The main concern of the officials is that usage of the
application has crossed 200 million since the lock down.
3. Cyber Coordination Centre

The Cycord was launched in 2018. It was launched as a one-stop platform for cyber
related crimes such as finding solutions, experience sharing, research findings, finding
solutions to deal with cybercrimes, etc.
4. What is Zoom Application?

Zoom Application is a web-based video conferencing tool that allows users to meet
through video, voices.
189. Indian Army observes “No Movement”; Special train to ferry

soldiers
On April 16, 2020, the Indian Army chief Lt General Manoj Naravane issued directives to
all the military cantonments, headquarters, establishments to strictly ensure no
movement of forces till April 19, 2020. This is being done to fight COVID-19 during
extended lock down.
1. Highlights
The army headquarters are to function with 50% man power. The training and temporary
duties are to remain suspended till May 3, 2020. Also, sports, social, academic, religious
and cultural gatherings are to remain suspended.
2. Special Train
The Indian Army is to ferry special trains to move soldiers to northern and eastern
borders. This is being done to bring back officers who were on leave. According to army
sources, around 20-25% of army personnel were on leave. The total strength of the
Indian Army is 13 lakhs.
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190. Environmental Impact Assessment amended by Environment
Ministry
The Ministry of Environment has recategorized all the bulk drugs manufacturers under
category ‘A’ to category ‘B2’. An Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification
2006 was amended in order to achieve this.
1. Highlights
The projects that are falling under Category A require mandatory EIA. On the other hand,
the projects under Category B2 are exempted from EIA. The recategorization will fasten
the process. The recategorization has been done to decentralize the proposals to state
level.
2. Environment Impact Assessment

The EIA is a process to evaluate environmental impacts caused due a proposed project.
The EIA is backed by the Environment Protection Act, 1986. There are four stages in EIA
cycle. They are screening, scoping, public hearing and appraisal.
3. Categories-Differences
The Categories A and B have only one difference. The Category A projects require
mandatory environmental clearance and does not undergo screening. On the other
hand, category B projects undergoes screening process.
4. Screening
The Screening process is done to decide whether EIA is required or not. The screening
process submits a report called Initial Environment Examination.
April 17, 2020
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191. Chitra Gene LAMP-N: Diagnostic kit developed by SCTIMST,

Thiruvananthapuram
The Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Science (SCTIMST), an institute of national
importance developed a diagnostic kit. The kit reduces test time by two hours.
1. Why is it better than RT-PCR?

The cost of the kit is Rs 1000. The time taken by the kit to examine the samples is half
as that of the time taken by the RT-PCR tests. Currently, India is using RT-PCR to
examine COVID-19 samples. It takes 5 hours for the test to produce results. Also, the
test costs Rs 4,500.
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2. About the Kit
The kit uses RT-LAMP technique to identify the N gene of the virus. The kit has passed all
validations of National Institute of Virology. The technology used in the kit was earlier
applied to detect tuberculosis bacteria.
3. RT-LAMP
The RT-LAMP is a technique is Reverse Transcriptase Loop Mediated Isothermal
Amplification technique. The technique has begun to replace RT-PCR for its rapidity,
simplicity, sensitivity and specificity.
192. PUSA: Decontamination Tunnel developed by ICAR
The Indian Agricultural Research Institute has developed PUSA decontamination tunnel.
It was inaugurated on April 16, 2020 by the Union Minister Shri Kailash Choudhary.
1. About the Tunnel

The Tunnel includes foot operated water dispenser and soap. The tunnel also provides
fogging for about 20 seconds. Also, it sources Quaternary Ammonium Compounds that
are used at concentration of 0.045%. The concentration amount has been fixed as
recommended by the Health department.
2. Quaternary Ammonium compounds

These are compounds are often used as surfactants, disinfectant, antistatic agents or
fabric softener. They also have antimicrobial activity. They are cationic detergents that
are commonly used to remove organic materials. They are commonly used in food
service industries as sanitizing agents. They are effective till 100 degree Celsius.
3. ICAR
The Indian Council of Agricultural Research coordinates agricultural research and
education. In 2006, the institute developed vaccine for bird flu. Also, the ICAR scientists
were the first to sequence pigeon pea genome.
193. RBI launches OBICUS
On April 16, 2020, the Reserve Bank of India launched OBICUS. This is the 49th round of
survey by the apex bank for the period January to March.
1. Highlights
The Capacity Utilisation declined to 68.6% from 69.1%.
2. What is OBICUS survey?

OBICUS is Order Books, Inventories and Capacity Utilization Survey (OBICUS). The survey
provides an insight into the demands of the Indian manufacturing sector. The survey is
conducted quarterly (4 times a year). It is being conducted since 2008.
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3. Features of the Survey
The survey covers 2,500 companies both in public and private sector. The survey also
provides ratio of total inventories to sales. Also, the survey provides ratio of raw
materials to finished goods. It helps to measure economic activity in the country.
4. Data Collected in the Survey

The data collected in the survey includes quantitative data, pending orders, work in
progress, backlog of orders and finished goods. The data is provided item-wise.
194. Chess Legend Viswanathan Anand named ambassador of WWF India
On April 17, 2020, the Chess legend Viswanathan Anand was named the ambassador of
World Wide Fund India. He has joined the organization for its environment education
programme.
1. Highlights
The environment education programme was started in 1976. It undertakes initiatives to
reach out to youth, school children and citizens in the country. The main aim of the
programme is to create problem solvers, critical thinkers and environmentally conscious
individuals.
2. World Wide Fund

The WWF is an international NGO that was founded in 1961. It is the largest conservation
organization in the world with more than 5 million supporters. The organization has so
far invested 1 billion USD in more than 12,000 conservation initiatives.
3. Viswanathan Anand
He is an Indian Chess Grandmaster. HE has won the world Chess champion multiple
times. He was the first chess grandmaster from India. He won the FIDE World chess
championship continuously between 2000 and 2002 and was the first Asian to achieve
this.
195. GoI: Rapid Antibody Tests to be used strictly for surveillance
On April 16, 2020, the Government of India announced that the Rapid Antibody tests will
strictly be used as surveillance test.
1. Highlights
With 5 lakh rapid antibody kits being imported from China, the government has ensured
its citizens that they will only be used for surveillance purposes. This will help in
formulating protocols for testing. This is being done as antibodies are formed on
persons’ body only after 8 days a person is infected. Therefore, the test will be positive
only in 80% of persons who had been infected.
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India is to continue using DNA based RT-PCR testing to detect COVID-19. This is done by
using throat swabs. According to ICMR (Indian Council of Medical Research), persons
with influenza like symptoms, migrants, patients with runny nose and sore throat should
take the RT-PCR test. When the test is negative, they should go through antibody test
after 7 days.
196. India to attend BRICS meeting on COVID-19
India is to attend BRICS foreign ministers meet by the end of April 2020. The members
will discuss economic fallout due to the spread of COVID-19.
1. Highlights
The foreign ministers meet of the BRICS grouping is to be conducted through video link.
It is essential to conduct more of such meeting as the global economic growth is
declining at its highest. The International Monetary Fund has projected the global growth
rate to be -3% in the year 2020-21.
2. India’s role
The strategy and protocols of Russia, China and South Africa is completely different from
that of the USA. India can act as a bridge at this situation.
3. India and the world

India has been actively participating in several multilateral meetings such as South
Asian, Indo-Pacific, G20 to join with other countries to fight against COVID-19. It has sent
HCQ (Hydroxychloroquine) to over 55 countries. India has been sending medicines to
countries such as UAE, US, Russia, Australia, South Africa and Jordan. Also, India has
been sending grants for medicines for countries such as Uganda, Dominican Republic,
etc.
197. AIIB to finance 500 million USD projects to strengthen National

Health Care Systems
The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank is to finance 500 million USD projects in India
to help the country improve its health care systems. AIIB is currently doubling its funds
under COVID-19 Crisis Recovery Facility.
1. Highlights
The funding is to be used for purchase of equipment and also for detection capacity.
India had earlier approached AIIB and the Asian Development Bank for financial
assistance to combat COVID-19. The Asian Development Bank recently announced to
support India with 2.2 billion USD of funds.
2. Crisis Recovery Facility

The Crisis Recovery Facility was created by AIIB to respond to urgent financial, public
and economic health pressures. The Bank has allocated 10 billion USD for this facility.
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198. RBI cuts Reverse Repo rate to 3.75%, Rs 50,000 crores for LTRO 2.0
On April 17, 2020, the Reserve Bank of India announced a slew of measures after GoI
extended the lock down till May 3, 3030. The Apex bank cut the reverse repo rate to
3.75%. It cut the repo rate to 4.4% from 5.15%. Also, the central bank has announced Rs
50,000 crore for Long Term Repo Operation (LTRO).
1. Highlights
RBI has eased the Liquidity Coverage Ratio from 100% to 80%. The LCR is the assets
held by the banks to make sure its ongoing ability to meet short-term obligations are
fulfilled.
2. LTRO 2.0
This time the LTRO has been named LTRO 2.0 because, this time the LTRO is to focus on
liquidity needs of microfinances and NBFC. Earlier the LTRO went largely to the public
sector undertakings and larger corporations.
199. April 17: World Hemophilia Day
Every year April 17 is celebrated as World Hemophilia Day. The day is observed by the
World Federation of Hemophilia. Apart from the organization, several other international
organizations mark the World Hemophilia Day. This year the World Hemophilia Day is
marked under the theme
1. Highlights
The World Hemophilia Day is observed to increase awareness about the hereditary
bleeding disorders. On this day, people from different parts of the world come together
to share the advances in the treatment for hemophilia.
2. World Federation of Hemophilia

The WFH was acknowledged by WHO and official relations between the two
organizations was established in 1969.
3. What is Hemophilia?
Hemophilia is an inherited bleeding disorder in which blood does not clot properly
200. GoI launches “Krishi Rath” application for hassle free agri
transportation
On April 17, 2020 the Government of India launched the “Krishi Rath” application to help
farmers to transport their agriculture produce to the mandis.
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1. Key Features of the application
The farmer has to post the quantity of agricultural produce he wishes to transport. After
posting, he will get the availability of truck and price quote for the load. The prices
quoted are from the transport aggregators. Once the farmer confirms, he will get details
of the transporter. He can then directly connect with him and negotiate for prices.
2. For Traders
The traders can learn farm produce from the application and can consolidate loads
posted by different farmers. With this he can easily arrange trucks to collect from
multiple farmers. Currently, 5.7 lakh trucks have been listed and more are expected to
join.
3. What was the earlier system?

The Custom Hiring Centres provided tractors to transport agriculture produce at
optimized cost. There were more than 14,000 CHCs that were having more than 20,000
tractors.
4. Benefits of the App

The application will help in delivering timely service. It also offers competitive price. The
rating option of transporters will help in providing quality services.
5. Lock Down
The GoI has currently exempted inter-state movement of agricultural produce from lock
down
201. Two new products to enable COVID-19 disinfection process

introduced by DRDO
The unit has been developed by Centre for Fire Explosive and Environment Safety by
using its expertise in mist technology used to suppress fire. The unit uses water mist
aerator technology to spray sanitizer while entering public places. There are no contacts
between the user and the unit throughout its operation.
1. Working
The unit uses an ultrasonic sensor. An atomizer has been fixed to minimize the release
of sanitizer. The unit will release 5 to 6 ml of sanitizer in 12 seconds.
2. Application
The unit can be installed in malls, hospitals, office buildings, airports, residential
buildings, railway stations, metro stations.
3. UV sanitization box
The box uses Ultra Violet rays to kill the genetic material in virus such as COVID-19. The
UV rays produced in the box is of wavelength 185 nm. This wavelength produces ozone
gas as well. The box is a hand held device. It can be used to disinfect house hold objects,
files, food packets, etc. The exposure time required for an object to get disinfected is 45
seconds.
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202. Delhi Government introduces “Assess Koro Na” application
On April 17, 2020, the Delhi Government launched “Assess Koro Na” application to
conduct door to door survey. The application has been launched in COVID-19
containment zones.
1. Highlights
The mobile application will speed up the decision-making process as it analyzes real-
time data.

The Delhi Government is planning on door to door survey in hotspot regions of the
capital. Around 60 hotspots have been identified so far.
The Delhi Government had earlier launched Operation Shield and 5T programme to
combat COVID-19. Also, Delhi Government has received permission from the Central
Government to implement the plasma therapy to treat COVID-19.
203. Health Minister chairs the 12th Group of Minister meeting on

COVID-19
On April 17, 2020, the Union Health Minister Shri Harsh Vardhan chaired the 12th Group
of Minister meeting on COVID-19. The meeting was attended by External Affairs minister,
home minister for state, shipping and chemical and fertilizer minister for state, member
of NITI Aayog, etc.
1. Highlights
The Group of Ministers discussed actions taken so far to contain the spread of COVID-19.
It was announced at the meeting that the death rate in the country due to COVID-19 is
at 3% and the recovery rate is at 12%. The situation and recovery in India is better than
most of the other countries. This is mainly due to successful implementation of the lock
down.
2. Hotspots
The Group of Ministers meet announced that more than 170 districts have been put in
red zone. Out of these 123 districts are with large outbreaks, 47 districts are under
cluster transmissions. Around 207 districts have been placed in non-hotspot and 353
districts are placed under green zone.
204. GBRC scientists find three new mutations of COVID-19
On April 17, 2020, the scientists at Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC) have
found three new mutations of COVID-19 virus. With this, GBRC becomes the first
government laboratory in the country to sequence whole genome of COVID-19.
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1. Highlights
There are six mutations of the virus that have been found so far. The scientists at GBRC
have found three more new mutations. Therefore, so far 9 mutations of the virus have
been found.
2. Genome Sequencing
The Genome Sequencing is a method that is used to find DNA sequence of genome of an
organism.
3. Bats
The ICMR has recently found COVID-19 virus in two species of fruit bats. This says that
active surveillance of bats is also essential to find the emerging strains of the virus.
April 18, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
205. India attends Development Committee Meeting of IMF-World Bank
On April 17, 2020, India attended the Development Committee meeting of World Bank-
International Monetary Fund. India was represented by the Finance Minister Smt Nirmala
Sitaraman.
1. Highlights
India participated in the 101st meeting of the development committee that was held
through video conference. The experts that attended the meet discussed response to
COVID-19 emergency and COVID-19 debt initiatives. The major debt initiative is
International Call for Action in Support of IDA countries.
2. Outcomes
The Committee welcomed the world bank financial support of 150 to 160 billion USD to
combat COVID-19 for the next 15 months. The next meet of the Development committee
meet has been scheduled on October 17, 2020.
3. IDA countries
The IDA countries are International Development Association countries that offers
concession loans and grants to the poorest countries in the world. The IDA was
established in 1960. It shares the world bank mission of reducing poverty.
206. “Updated COVID-19 Containment Plan” released by GoI
On April 18, 2020, the Ministry of Health released “Updated Containment plan for large
outbreaks COVID-19”. According to the plan, containment operations are to be scaled
down when there are no new positive cases in the quarantined zone for at least 4 weeks.
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1. Current Plan
Currently, “Containment for large outbreaks through Geographic Quarantine Strategy” is
in action. According to this plan, entire India has been demarcated as hotspot, non-
hotspot and green zone. Around 170 districts of hotspots have been identified. Out of
these, 123 districts have been declared as large outbreaks and 47 hotspots are with
clusters.
2. What is the new Plan?

 A scenario-based approach has been adopted
 Geographic quarantine strategy is to be adopted to minimize the movement of people in
regions where the outbreak is high.
 Hydroxychloroquine are to be given to all asymptomatic health care workers.
 Social Distancing is to be implemented with strict perimeter control
 To ensure Movement is completely restricted other than essential services
 Vehicles moving out of the containment zones are to be decontaminated with sodium
hypochlorite solution.
207. WHO: Other Countries will follow China in revising their death toll
On April 18, 2020, the World Health Organization announced that many countries are to
follow China in updating their death tolls due to COVID-19. This will happen after they
bring the spread of the virus under control.
1. Highlights
The major epicenter of COVID-19, Wuhan, recently raised its death toll due to COVID-19
by 50%. According to WHO, the health officials of Wuhan covered up the outbreak.
However, the numbers have now been updated after several doctors raised alarms
online.

Recently after containing the spread of the virus, Wuhan city added 1,290 death tolls.
This increased the number of tolls to 3,869. With this the overall infections in the city
became 50,333.
208. GoI: India accounts to 40% drop in COVID-19
On April 17, 2020 India announced that the growth in COVID-19 cases has decreased by
40%. The Government also says that before lock down, the number of cases doubled in
3 days. However, now it takes 6.2 days for the number of cases to double.
1. Highlights
After Lock Down the growth rate of the virus has reduced to 1.2% as compared to 2.1%
before lock down. This betterment has been observed in 19 states and union territories.
They are Uttarakhand, Kerala, Ladakh, Haryana, Chandigarh, Himachal Pradesh, Odisha,
Bihar, Puducherry, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Delhi, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Punjab,
Tamil Nadu, Assam, Jammu and Kashmir, Tripura and Uttar Pradesh.
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2. Observations of ICMR
The Indian Council of Medical Research has been noticing mixed of COVID-19 strains as
the disease was brought by persons travelling from different parts of the world. Also,
ICMR is to begin its study on the efficacy of BCG (Bacille Calmette Guerin) vaccination in
COVID-19. This is being done as the study from many countries state that countries with
efficient BCG vaccination programme had minimal impacts of the virus.
209. April 18: World Heritage Day
Every year April 18 is observed as the World Heritage Day. The day is also celebrated as
the International Day of Monuments and sites.
1. Highlights
The World Heritage Day is celebrated to create awareness about diversity, heritage and
vulnerability of the monuments and heritage sites. The World Heritage sites are defined
as man-made areas or natural areas that hold international importance and requires
special protection.
2. Theme
This year the World Heritage Day, 2020 is celebrated under the theme
3. India
In India, five Delhi monuments are to be illuminated to celebrate World Heritage Day.
These five monuments include Humayun’s Tomb, Qutub Minar, Safdarjung’s Tomb, Red
Fort and Purana Qila. These sites are to be illuminated by Archaeological Survey of India.
4. ICOMOS
The International Council on Monuments and Sites in 1982 announced April 18 as World
Heritage Day. It was approved by the UNESCO in 1983. The organization was established
based on the principles of Venice Charter framed in 1964.
210. Renewable Energy Parks to be set up in India
On April 18, 2020, the Ministry of Renewable Energy has initiated big action to set up
Renewable Manufacturing parks in India.
1. Highlights
The Ministry of Renewable Energy initiated manufacturing hubs to meet domestic and
global demands. In order to achieve this the central government has directed the states
to identify land parcels between 50 acres and 500 acres to set up these parks. The
states have been directed as land is a state subject.

The Central Government is to set renewable energy parks to set up facilities that will
manufacture solar cells, silicon ingots, silicon wafers, steel frames, wind equipment, etc.
Currently, India is importing 85% of its imports from abroad.
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3. How will it benefit India?
This is the right time for India to introduce policy changes towards benefitting renewable
energy manufacturing firms. This is because manufacturing firms are shifting their bases
away from China and are searching for new opportunities.
211. Revised draft of Electricity (Amendment) bill, 2020 launched
The Ministry of Power has made changes to the Electricity (Amendment) bill, 2020. This
is being done to promote electricity generation from renewable sources.

 Electricity Contract enforcement Authority is to be created
 Launch of National Renewable Energy Policy
 Payment security has been made necessary to schedule distribution of electricity and also to
facilitate cross border trade.
 Privatization of discoms using franchises and sub-licenses
 Power Tarrif is to be determined without subsidy
 The appellate tribunal of electricity is to have similar powers as that of civil courts
2. Significance
The privatization of discoms has been suggested. This is being done as according to
Power ministry, discoms are losing Rs 22,000 crores of revenue annually. The bill
proposes that all State Energy Research Centre are to specify a trajectory for renewable
energy. This will include hydro power obligation as well. This comes as the Central
Government recently recognized hydropower as renewable power.
212. National List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of India launched
On April 18, 2020, the Union Minister of culture Shri Prahlad Singh Patel launched the
National List of Intangible Cultural Heritage. The list is to include 13 elements that are
already included in UNESCO Representative list of Intangible Cultural Heritage of
Humanity.
1. Highlights
The initiative is a part of Vision 2024 of Ministry of Culture. It aims to increase the
awareness about intangible cultural heritages. The list will recognize the diversity in
Indian Culture. The list already has 100 elements. However, the Ministry updates the list
regularly.
2. UNESCO
According to UNESCO’s Convention for safeguarding Intangible Cultural Heritage held in
2003, there are 5 broad categories in the list. They are performing arts, rituals and
festive events, social practices, knowledge and practices concerned with nature and
traditional craftmanship.
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3. What is Intangible Cultural Heritage?
The ICH is representation, practice, knowledge, expression of skills. It involves non-
physical intellectual property such as beliefs, folklore, traditions, customs and language.
213. Nigerian Chief Aide of President Muhammadu Buhari dies of COVID-

19
Nigerian President Muhammadu Buhari’s Chief Aide Abba Kyari died of COVID-19 on April
17, 2020. He had tested positive for the disease and had been receiving treatment for
the disease.
1. Abba Kyari
Abba Kyari controlled access to Nigerian President Muhammadu Buhari. He was a former
military ruler and had tested positive after his visit to Germany on March 29, 2020.
Nigeria has imposed lock down in Abuja and Lagos that are the major economic hubs of
Nigeria.
2. Muhammadu Buhari
Muhammdu Buhari is the current President of Nigeria. He is a retired military general
and served as military head between 1983 and 1985. He won the presidential elections
in 2014.
3. Buharism
Buharism, in the politics of Nigeria has been named after him. Buharism was
represented by two-way struggles. They are struggle with external globalism and
struggle with internal agents and advocates.
214. CBDT releases relief funds to MSME
The Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) issued Rs 5,204 cores as relief funds to MSME
(Micro Medium and Small Enterprises) sector. Around 8.2 lakh small businesses have
received Income Tax Refunds so far.
1. Highlights
In the last 10 days, CBDT issued Rs 5,204 crores as Income Tax refunds. The funds were
issued to help MSMEs move out of their financial crunches caused due to COVID-19
crisis.

The lock down has hit the cash flow of MSME sector. The released funds will help to
increase the liquidity flow in the sector. Many workers employed in the sector have
returned to their home town. Now, even if the government has permitted resuming of
works in MSMEs, the industry is to face shortage of labours.
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3. Outstanding Cases
There are 1.74 lakhs of pending cases with the CBDT. These cases are awaiting
responses from taxpayers. These tax payers have been sent e-mails requesting them to
reply within 7 days.
215. GoI amends FDI policy
On April 18, 2020, the Government of India amended the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
policy. This has been done to prevent opportunistic acquisitions of Indian companies due
to COVID-19 economic crisis. The amendments has been made to the Consolidated FDI
policy, 2017.
1. What is the current rule?

Under the current rule, any non-resident entity from countries sharing borders with India
are allowed to make investments in India. However, entities in Bangladesh and Pakistan
are required to obtain government permission.
2. What are revised conditions?

Now, every investor from a neighbouring country is required to invest through
Government route.
3. Implications
The step mainly targets the Chinese companies. With the world entering lock down and
China returning to normalcy, China is now investing and acquiring companies all over
the world. With the amendment, any (especially Chinese) firm will now have to get
Indian Government permission in order to make an acquisition in India or acquire an
Indian firm.
216. Demo-2 mission: NASA to launch Astronauts to space first time in

11 years
On April 18, 2020, NASA announced that it will launch its flight of astronauts on May 27,
2020. This is the first flight of NASA in 9 years.
1. Highlights
The mission is to use Falcon-9 rocket. The astronauts are to be sent for an extended stay
at the international space station. The mission is to be launched by SpaceX. It is the first
crewed launch of the Elon Musk space company. The mission of NASA sending
astronauts to International Space Station has been named “Commercial Crew
Programme”.
2. Demo Mission
The Demo-1 Mission of NASA was launched by SpaceX. Demo-1 was the first uncrewed
test flight to be launched to the International Space Station. Currently, SpaceX and
Boeing are the space taxi providers of NASA.
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3. Commercial Crew Programme
The Commercial Crew Programme was funded by the US Government. It was
administered by NASA. Under the programme, the private vendors will operate crew
vehicles to carry astronauts to the International Space Station. The unmanned mission
Demo-1 is also a part of Commercial Crew Programme.
217. Central Drug Research Institute signs MoU to sequence virus

strains
On April 18, 2020, the Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI) has signed a Memorandum
of Understanding (MoU) with King George Medical University to sequence the strains of
COVID-19 virus samples obtained from different patients.

According to the MoU, a Lucknow based lab is to sequence the virus strains. This is to be
done under a “Digital and Molecular Surveillance”. A molecular surveillance system is
collection, reporting and analysis of genetic sequences. Molecular surveillance is
currently being used in HIV drug testing, foodborne infections and TB.
2. Variants
There are nine different variants of the virus known so far. Three were recently found by
Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre.
3. Current Scenario
Currently, the CDRI is working on repurposing of drugs to fight COVID-19. According to
CDRI, repurposing of drugs is the fastest way to find solution to the virus rather than
finding a new drug. Repurposing of drugs is a new strategy that investigates the existing
drugs for therapeutic purposes.
218. CSIR develops Personal Protective Coverall Suit
On April 18, 2020, the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-National
Aerospace Laboratories (NAL) developed Personal Protective Cover all suit. The suit has
been produced with polypropylene spun multilayered non-woven fabric.
1. Highlights
The Polypropylene spun suit can be used to ensure safety of doctors, paramedical staff,
health care workers and nurses. The CSIR-NAL is to produce 30,000 suits per day. The
main benefit of the suit is that it is competitive in prices as compared to other suits that
are being imported.
2. Need
It is to be noted that China sent 1,70,000 Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) kits. Of
these around 50,000 failed to pass safety tests conducted by DRDO. In order to avoid
these situations, it is important to boost PPE manufactured in locally.
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April 19, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
219. CSIR produces Protein Enriched Biscuits for COVID-19 patients
The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, CSIR-CFTRI (Central Food Technological
Research Institute) has made protein rich biscuits for COVID-19 patients. The biscuits
have been sent to the COVID-19 patients in AIIMS (All India Institute of Medical Science).
1. Highlights
The CFTRI has so far supplied 500 kg of protein-rich biscuits. Also, another 500 kg of
protein-rich rusks have been supplied. The usual biscuits contain 8% to 9% of protein.
However, these enriched biscuits and rusks contain 14% of protein.
2. Significance
The biscuits will help COVID-19 patients that are recuperating. Recuperating is
recovering from illness. Protein is essential for the body to fight against infection. It
balances fluids and increases oxygen supply throughout the body. The biscuits have
been formulated strictly adhering to FSSAI standards.
220. Indian Astrophysicists: Lithium in Interstellar space & Red Giants

have Connection
The Researchers in the Indian Institute of Astrophysics frame a connection between

Lithium in interstellar space and lithium in red giants. The Lithium rich Helium burning
stars also have connections with red giant stars.
1. Highlights
A team of scientists at the Indian Institute of Astrophysics have discovered a number of
Lithium rich red giants. The study says that the present amount of Lithium found in the
Universe is four times that of the primordial value. Primordial means existing from the
beginning time. This, in fact is the primary reason for scientists to identify Lithium rich
sources. Finding such sources will help in validating Big Bang Nucleosynthesis
2. Bing Bang Nucleosynthesis

The Big Bang Nucleosynthesis is the production of nuclei other than that of the lightest
isotope of hydrogen (1H – Hydrogen 1) during an early phase of the Universe. This
includes helium-4, helium-3, lithium-7.
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221. Procurement of Pulses and Oil Seeds from Farmers
The Government of India has procured oil seeds and pulses from farmers directly at
Minimum Support Prices. Currently, the Price Support Scheme for the Rabi season has
been launched in Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Rajasthan, Telangana, Uttar Pradesh,
Haryana and Maharashtra.
1. Highlights
Till now the Food Corporation of India (FCI) and NAFED (National Agricultural Cooperative
Marketing of India) have procured 1.33 lakh metric tonnes of pulses and 29,264 metric
tonnes of oilseeds. This has benefitted more than 1.14 lakh farmers. The value of pulses
and oil seeds procured so far amount to Rs 784.77 crores
2. NAFED
The NAFED was established in 1958. It is the apex organization for all marketing
cooperatives of agricultural produce in the country. Apart from agricultural produce,
NAFED also procures forest resources. The NAFED is registered under Multi-State
Cooperative Societies Act. It was established as a nodal agency for price stabilization in
the country under “Operation Greens”.
3. Operation Greens
Operation Greens was introduced in the Union Budget 2018-19. It allocated Rs 500
crores to the Farmer Produce Organizations. The project aims to stabilize the supply of
tomatoes, onion and potatoes in the country. It will also aid in doubling farmers’ income
by 2022.
222. IISD: India’s Renewable Subsidies decline by 35%
The Council on Energy, Environment and Water (CCEW) and International Institute of
Sustainable Development (IISD) recently released a report called “Mapping India’s
Energy Subsidies, 2020”.
1. Highlights
The report says that India’s energy subsidies have declined by 35% in 2019 as compared
to 2017. On the other hand, the oil and gas subsidies have increase by 65%.
2. Key Observations of the report

The institutes have observed that India has shifted from public resources towards clean
energy in the last 6 years. The fossil fuel subsidies have dropped by more than half. On
the other hand, the subsidies for electric vehicles and renewable energy have increased
by three and a half times since 2014.
April 20, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
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223. Uttar Pradesh-First State to Geo Tag Community Kitchens
On April 19, 2020, Uttar Pradesh became the first state to geotag community kitchens.
Around 7,368 community kitchens located in 75 districts were geo tagged.
1. Highlights
The State Government of Uttar Pradesh joined hands with Google to geo tag community
kitchens in the state. The kitchens produce 12 lakh food packets per day.

The main problem faced by the state was influx of migrants. Also, there was lack of
information among the population. They were unaware of the location of community
kitchens and shelter homes.
3. Application
An application has been developed by the Remote Sensing Application Centre (RSAC) to
learn about the location of the community kitchens. The application was developed by
feeding data of the latitudes and longitudes of the community kitchen. Apart from this,
Google will also provide the location of these centres in its application.
224. GoI: A high level force set up to work on drugs and vaccine
The Government of India has set up a high-level work force to test vaccines and drugs.
The task force consists of members from NITI Aayog, DRDO (Defence Research
Development Organization), ICMR (Indian Council of Medical Research).
1. Highlights
The main aim of the task force is to set up vaccine development process. It will create a
list of national and international organizations that work on vaccine development.
Currently, there are 70 clinical trials being conducted all over the world to find a vaccine
for COVID-19. Of these 5 have entered human trials.
2. Role of DBT
The Department of Biotechnology has been made the central coordination committee to
develop the vaccine.
3. Plan of India
The Government of India has been till now focusing on preventive measures. Also, it had
been working on repurposing of drugs. Very few measures have been adopted so far to
discover a drug or vaccine. The team will help to accelerate the discovery.
225. Home Ministry issues SOPs for movement of stranded migrant

labourers
On April 19, 2020, the Ministry of Home Affairs issued Standard of Operating Procedure
for movement of stranded migrant labourers.
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1. Highlights
The workers employed in construction, agriculture, industries and other sectors have
been moved from their work places and have been housed in shelter camps and relief
shelters. These centres are being run by the state governments and Union Territories. In
order to prevent the spread of COVID-19, the movement of these labourers are to be
managed under a Standard of Operating Procedure.
2. Guidelines
The following are the guidelines issued by the Ministry of Home Affairs
226. Indian Army supports Narela Quarantine Centre
The Indian Army is to extend its support to the Narela Quarantine Centre. It is the largest
quarantine centre in the country and was established by the Delhi Government.
1. Highlights
Initially, the quarantine facility had 250 foreign nationals. Later, an additional strength of
1000 more were added. A team of Army doctors and nurses are assisting the centre
from April 1, 2020.
2. Indian Armed Forces

There are four main tasks of Indian Armed Forces. They are
227. GoI: Supply of Non-Essential Commodities by E-commerce

prohibited during Lock Down
On April 19, 2020, the Government of India ordered that supply of non-essential
commodities will remain prohibited during lock down. The order comes when E-
Commerce industry geared up to deliver products such as refrigerators and mobile
phones to areas that do not fall under COVID-19 hotspots.
1. Highlights
The GoI had earlier allowed E-commerce to operate from April 20. Following this, several
state governments had issued orders to begin operations of E-commerce. However, this
will affect the quarantine operations in hotspots. Therefore, the GoI has exercised the
powers of Section 10 (2) of the Disaster Management Act.
2. Section 10 of Disaster Management Act

The section provides powers to the national executive committee to discharge plans of
national authority. The Committee shall be constituted by the Central Government to
combat the disaster. Such a committee had earlier been constituted to act and monitor
COVID-19 disaster. It also has powers to lay down guidelines to prepare disaster
management plans. Under this power, the centre has banned the sale of non-essential
goods in the country by the E-Commerce groups.
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228. Leather back Sea Turtles build largest nests in 20 years in deserted
beaches
The largest number of nests of the rare Leather back sea turtles were found in Thailand.
This was mainly because, the beaches in Thailand were deserted due to COVID-19 lock
down.
1. Highlights
Earlier news reported that wild boars were patrolling the Israeli city of Haifa. With more
than 2,765 infections in Thailand, the country has imposed travel ban and lock down.
This has increased the number of leather back sea turtles to build nests. Around 11
turtle nests were found and this was the highest in 20 years.
2. About Leather Back Turtle

The Leather back Turtles are the world’s giant sea turtles. They are considered
vulnerable under International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) red list of
threatened species. In Thailand, they are considered endangered.
229. GoI launches online Data Pool of Human Resources
On April 19, 2020, the Government of India launched Online Data Pool of Human
Resources to combat COVID-19.
1. Highlights
The GoI launched online data pool at https://covidwarriors.gov.in. It includes AYUSH
doctors, health care professionals, volunteers from NSS, NCC, ex-servicemen, etc. The
platform consists of district wise and state wise pool of human resources.
2. iGoT Training
This is a training facility that was launched for capacity building of nurses, doctors,
hygiene workers, technicians and AYUSH doctors. iGOT is Integrated Government Online
Training.
3. Other benefits
The Government of India had also constituted 11 Empowered groups to frame plans to
address challenges in MSME sector. These groups shall obtain details about the current
manpower to learn about The portal can also be used to collect information of volunteers
in order to enforce social distancing at public places such as mandis, ration shops,
banks, etc.
230. April 20: UN Chinese Language Day
Every year, on April 20, the United Nations Chinese Language Day is observed. The day
is observed to pay tribute to Cangjie. Cangjie is a mythical figure who invented Chinese
Characters.
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1. About Cangjie
The legend in China is believed to have four eyes. Also, it is believed that when the
legend invented the Chinese characters the deities and ghosts cried and millet rain
occurred.
2. United Nations
The United Nations celebrate Language days to celebrate cultural diversity and
multilingualism. The Chinese language was set as one of the official languages in the
United Nations in 1946. However, Chinese was included as the working language in the
UN in 1971.
3. Official Language of the UN

There are six official languages of the UN. They are Arabic, English, Chinese, Russian,
Spanish and French.
4. Working language of the UN

Initially, English and French were established as working languages of the UN. Later,
other languages such as Chinese, Russian, Arabic and Spanish were added to the list.
231. GoI: Quota Allocation Procedure for import of Calcined Pet Coke
initiated
On April 20, 2020, the Government of India has laid down procedure to allocate quota for
the import of calcined pet coke in the financial year 2020-21.
1. Highlights
In October 2018, the Government of India permitted imports of certain quantity of pet
coke in order to use it as fuel in anode making. Earlier, the GoI had banned import of pet
coke. Import of petcoke was allowed only in lime kiln, cement, gasification and calcium
carbide industries. Now the Directorate General of Foreign Trade has invited applications
for import of pet coke.
2. Pet Coke imports

India is the largest consumer of pet coke in the world. India imports over 27 million
tonnes of pet coke from US alone. Pet coke emits over 11% more green house gases
than coal.
3. What is Pet Coke?

Petroleum Coke is called Pet Coke. It is rich in carbon and is derived during oil refining. It
consists of more than 80% of carbon.
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232. Indian Scientists Discover model to predict Ionospheric Electron
Density
The Indian Institute of Geomagnetism researchers have developed a model that will
predict electronic density of ionosphere. This is highly important for the communication
and navigation on the earth.
1. Highlights
The researchers developed an Artificial Neural Networks based Global Ionospheric Model
(ANNIM) to predict ionospheric electron density. The model was developed by using data
collected for more than 20 years.
2. Artificial Neural Network

The ANNs mimic the process of human brain. They help in clustering, recognition,
generalization, classification and non linear data fitting. It captures morphological
features of ionosphere. This is highly helpful to study changes in the ionosphere due to
disturbed weather periods that has been on the rise lately. It also helps to learn about
geomagnetic storms that occur due to the magnetic clouds that originate from the sun.
3. Magnetic Storm
The Magnetic storms are rapid change in huge magnetic fields. They can last from hours
to days. A magnetic storm on the earth’s magnetosphere is caused by solar winds.
233. Electric Vehicle Sale increases by 20% in 2020-21
The Society of Manufacturers of Electric Vehicles (SMEV) has released its data on Electric
Vehicles sales. According to its report, the sales of Electric Vehicles have increased by
20% in the Fiscal Year 2019-20.
1. Highlights
The sale of electric vehicles in 2018-19 included 3,600 cars, 126,000 two wheelers and
400 buses. The sale of electric vehicles for the year 2019-20 included 3,400 cars,
152,000 two wheelers and 600 buses. The sales of cars have declined mainly due to lack
of bulk purchase of electric cars in the country.
2. Key Findings
Of the electric vehicles sold in 2019-20, 97% were electric scooters. Out of these electric
scooters, 90% of them were low speed electric two wheelers that run at 25 km/hr.
234. GoI: Six Inter-Ministerial Teams formed after violations of Lock

Down in the States
On April 20, 2020, six inter-ministerial teams were formed by the Ministry of Home
Affairs, violations of lock down were reported in Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, West
Bengal and Maharashtra.
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1. Highlights
The teams formed are to submit a report to the central government after examining
social distancing, lock down violations and attacks on medical professionals in the state.
The teams are to issue directions to state authorities by making on-spot assessment of
the situation.
2. Legislation
The President can invoke President’s rule under Article 356 when a state government
fails to abide by constitutional norms. After imposition of President’s rule, both Lok
Sabha and Rajya Sabha should approve president’s rule within 6 months.
235. INST uses Fish Gills to develop low cost electro-catalysts
The Institute of Nano Science and Technology operating under Department of Science
and Technology has launched an environment friendly catalyst for rechargeable metal
battery.
1. Highlights
The Catalyst used is made of fish gills. It is low cost and can be used in energy
conversion devices. The catalyst invented will overcome the bottlenecks in storage
technologies such as metal-air battery, fuel cell and biofuel.
2. Catalysts in Biofuels
The Catalysts used in biofuel storage technologies are sodium hydroxide, potassium
hydroxide and sodium methanoxide. A biofuel cells are those cells that use living
organisms to generate electricity. The metal oxides used in these batteries are harmful
as they cause permanent damage to tissues
3. Metal Air Batteries

The Metal air batteries use metals as anode and air as cathode. However, catalysts and
electrolytes have hindered the development of metal air batteries.
4. Fuel Cell
A Fuel Cell converts chemical energy into electrical energy. Usually, platinum, a very
expensive metal is used as catalyst.
236. CBDT issues clarification over Section 115 BAC of Income Tax Act
The Central Board of Direct Taxes recently clarified that the employers shall seek
clarification and detect tax at source.
1. Section 115 BAC

The Section 115 BAC was inserted recently into the Income Tax Act, 1961. According to
the section, a person receiving income other than family business shall be taxed under
Section 115 BAC. This is to be furbished along with those submitted under Section 139 of
the act.
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2. Clarity
The CBDT has provided the following clarity
237. National Biofuel Coordination Committee: Surplus Rice to be used

to make Sanitizers
On April 20, 2020, the Minister of Petroleum Shri Dharmendra Pradhan held National
Biofuel Coordination Committee (NBCC) meeting. Under the meeting, it was decided that
surplus rice that is available with Food Corporation of India is to be used in
manufacturing ethanol that is used in hand sanitizers.
1. Highlights
Under the NBCC, it was decided that the surplus rice is to be used for making sanitizers
and also for making Ethanol blended petrol programme. The decision has been taken in
accordance with the National Policy of Biofuels, 2018
2. National Policy of Biofuels, 2018

Under the policy, during every crop year, when there is an oversupply of food grains as
that expected by the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer Welfare, then the surplus
quantity shall be used to produce ethanol.

According to the standards set by the World Health Organization, a hand sanitizer should
consist of 60% to 70% of alcohol.
April 21, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
238. Goa: The First State to become COVID-19 free; Manipur-Second
On April 21, 2020, Goa became the first state in the country to become free of COVID-
19. After Goa, Manipur becomes COVID-19 free.
1. Highlights
There were total of seven positive cases in the state of Goa. Since April 3, 2020, the
state had not reported a single case. However, risks looms around Goa as 7,000 seamen
are to return to the state.
2. Current Scenario
Currently, around 59 districts of 23 states have become COVID-19 free. When a district
does not report a new COVID-19 case in 14 days, it is being declared COVID-19 free.
Also, Mahe in Puducherry, Pauri Garhwal of Uttarakhand, Kodagu of Karnataka have not
reported new cases in 28 days.
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239. New Development Bank’s financial assistance of 1 billion USD to

India
On April 20, 2020, Finance Minister Smt Nirmala Sitaraman attended the fifth annual
meeting of the Board of Governors of the National Development Bank through a video
conference.
1. Outcomes
The New Development Bank of the BRICS grouping is to provide a financial assistance of
1 billion USD of COVID-19 funds to India. India has pitched for 10 billion USD from the
bank.
2. About NDB
The bank was established in 2014 by BRICS member countries Russia, Brazil, India,
South Africa and China. It mobilizes resources of infrastructure and sustainable
development projects. It works to complement efforts of regional and multilateral
financial institutions to enhance global growth and development. It supports both public
and private projects. The initial authorized capital of the bank was 100 billion USD.
240. DCGI approves COVID-19 drug to reduce mortality rate
On April 20, 2020, the Drugs Controller General of India (DCGI) approved trial of a drug
to reduce mortality rate of COVID-19 patients.
1. Highlights
The COVID-19 drug that was developed by the Cadila Pharmaceuticals along with
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) is to enter into trial. The clinical trial
has been approved by DCGI. The drug had been used to treat critically ill patients
suffering from Gram Negative Bacterial Sepsis.
2. Gram Negative Bacteria

Gram Negative Bacteria with Sepsis is a systematic disease that are caused by micro-
organisms. It is common in children with weak immune system. Gram Negative Bacteria
are those bacteria that have strong membranes around their cells than the gram
positive bacteria. This makes them much more difficult to treat.
3. Sepsis
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition. Normally, human body released chemicals into the
blood stream to fight an infection. When the chemicals in the bloodstream go out of
balance, sepsis occurs;
4. Why used for COVID-19?

The patients suffering from COVID-19 and Gram Negative Bacterial Sepsis have
similarities and hence the drug is being used to treat patients suffering from COVID-19.
The drug used to treat Gram Negative Bacterial Sepsis has been proved to be safe and
has not reported any systemic side effects so far.
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241. Fifteenth Finance Commission to assess impacts of COVID-19
The Economic Advisory Council of the Fifteenth Finance Commission is to meet on April
23 and 24, 2020. The council is to discuss the impacts of COVID-19.
1. Highlights
A two-day meeting is to be held through video conference. The experts will discuss
about macro variables over time. The agenda of the meet also includes public
expenditure to be spent to improve the economy. The council will also discuss about
assisting research study that will enhance understanding of the issue.
2. Significance
The international financial institutions have decreased the growth rate of India. The IMF
(International Monetary Fund) has estimated growth rate of India to be 1.9% in 2020-21.
The World Bank has estimated the growth rate of the country as 1.5% to 2.8%. The Fitch
rating has cut India’s Growth rate to 2% and the S&P pegs the country’s growth rate at
2%. The Moody’s have estimated at 2.5%. The estimated growth rates have been the
lowest in 30 years.
242. President’s New Secretary: Former retd IAS officer Kapil Dev
Tripathi
On April 20, 2020, the Former IAS officer Kapil Dev Tripathi was appointed as the new
secretary to the President of India Shri Ram Nath Kovind. The Appointments Committee
of the Cabinet approved his appointment for a term co-terminus with the tenure of the
President.
1. Appointment Committee of the Cabinet

The Appointment Committee of the Cabinet appoints the top posts of Government of
India. It is composed of Prime Minister of India (chairman), Home Minister. The
committee makes appointments according to the Transactions of Business rules, 1961.
2. Kapil Dev Tripathi

He is a 1980 batch IAS officer. He is to replace Sanjay Kotahri. MR Sanjay Kothari has
been appointed as the Chief Vigilance Commissioner in February. Mr Tripathi retired as
Secretary in Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas.
243. Chief Minister COVID-19 Yoddha Kalyan Yojana: 1 lakh Anganwadi

workers benefitted
The State Government of Madhya Pradesh recently launched the Chief Minister COVID-
19 Yoddha Kalyan Yojana. Under the scheme, around 1 lakh Anganwadi workers are to
be benefitted.
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1. Highlights
Under the scheme, the Anganwadi workers are to get special health insurance of Rs 50
lakhs. The collectors of the districts in the state are to list the names of the Anganwadi
workers that are eligible to benefit from the scheme.
2. Anganwadi
Anganwadi is a rural child care centre. It was begun by the Indian Government in 1975.
These centres provide pre-school education, health education, immunization and health
checkup. The responsibilities of the Anganwadi workers have been listed by the Ministry
of Women and Child Development. Today, Anganwadi workers are receiving Rs 15,000
per month as salary.
244. Sown Crop Area has increased by 36%
On April 20, 2020, the Union Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer Welfare announced that
the sown crop area of summer crops has increased by 36%. Farming had been
completely exempted from lock down.
1. Highlights
The rise has been mainly observed in rice cultivation. Rainfall has increased by 14% as
compared to last year. The total summer crops have increased by more than 52
hectares.
2. Harvesting
In Madhya Pradesh, harvesting has increased by 95%, Rajasthan has increased by 85%
and Uttar Pradesh by 65%. The harvesting has been at its peak in Punjab, Uttar Pradesh
and Haryana.
3. Measures to Ease Lock Down

Also, to ease the transport of harvested food grains in the country, All India Agri
Transport Call Centre was launched. The initiative will help in coordination between truck
drivers, traders and manufacturers from different states.
245. April 21: Civil Services Day
Every year, India celebrates Civil Service Day on April 21. The main aim of celebrating
the day is to motivate the efforts and works of civil servants.
1. Awards
On the Civil Service Day, India rewards various officers with Prime Minister’s Awards for
Excellence in Public Administration. The awards work as an inspiration to the civil
servants.
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2. Why April 21?
Every year April 21 is celebrated as Civil Services Day. It was on this day in 1947, Shri
Sardar Vallabhai Patel addressed the first batch probationers of Administrative Services.
However, the day was celebrated for the first time in 2006.
3. Significance
According to Sardar Vallabhai Patel, Civil Servants are the backbone of Indian economy.
They work tirelessly towards smooth functioning of public administration. Their
responsibilities are towards executing the policies of the ruling party and not with the
party itself.
246. United Nations: Consensus Resolution for equitable access to

future vaccines
On April 21, 2020, the United Nations adopted a consensus resolution. The resolution
called for equitable, efficient and timey access to future vaccines developed to fight
against COVID-19.
1. Highlights
The resolution was drafted by Mexico and is supported by the US. It strengthens the
scientific international cooperation that is essential to combat COVID-19. Also, the
resolution highlights the leading role played by the World Health Organization that has
been facing criticism from the US. The US stopped its funding to the WHO accusing the
organization to be China-centric.
2. Significance
With the world running on competitive spirit and countries fighting trade wars, the
resolution will help the vaccines reach COVID-19 patients all over the world. It will also
help to prevent business gains in reaching the vaccines to the patients.
3. United Nations Resolution

In order to pass a resolution, the United Nations requires simple majority (more than
50% of all votes). When the issue considered for voting is of great importance, then two-
third majority is required.
247. CPCB issues guidelines to handle COVID-19 treatment wastes
On April 20, 2020, the Central Pollution Control Board has issued guidelines to manage
waste generated during treatment of COVID-19 patients. The guidelines are to be
followed by sample collection centres, isolation wards, quarantine centres and also by all
biomedical waste treatment facilities and disposal facilities. These guidelines have been
issued to supplement Bio Medical Waste Management Rules, 2016.
1. Highlights of the Guidelines

 The Heath care facilities with isolation wards need to use color coded bins to collect the
medical waste. They should stick to the Bio Medical Waste Management Rules, 2016
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 Isolation wards should use double layered bags to collect biomedical wastes.
 A dedicated bin labelled “COVID-19 Waste” should be used. These bins should be kept
separately and should be disinfected with 1% Sodium Hypochlorite solution.
2. Clarifications
The CPCB has clarified that quarantines are places where the suspected cases of
quarantine homes and quarantine camps are placed. The wastes collected from these
places are to be disposed under Biomedical Waste Management Rules, 2016.
248. PM-KISAN Scheme: 17,793 crores released to 8.89 farmers
On April 20, 2020, the Government of India released 17,793 crores of rupees to 8.89
crores of farmers under Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi Scheme.
1. Highlights
The Government has credited the amount in order to help farmers during the lock down.
Also, the GoI is distributing free pulses under Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana. Under
the scheme, the distribution of rice and wheat under the PDS (Public Distribution
System) has been increased to 7 kg. So far, 1.07 lakh metric tonnes of pulses have been
distributed to the states and union territories under the scheme.
2. Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi

The PM-KISAN was launched in February, 2019. The scheme is being implemented by all
the states except for West Bengal. The scheme is funded 100% by the central
government. Under the scheme, the GoI transfers Rs 6,000 per year to the farmers’ bank
accounts in three installments. All the land holding farmers are eligible to become a
beneficiary of the scheme.
249. BRO: Daporijo Bridge across Subansiri river in Arunachal Pradesh

inaugurated
On April 20, 2020, the Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh Pema Khandu inaugurated a
bridge across the Subansiri river. The bridge was constructed by the BRO (Border Roads
Organization).
1. Highlights
The developmental work of the Daporijo bridge was undertaken by the BRO amidst lock
down. The bridge is of great importance as its links roads leading to India-Arunachal
Pradesh border. The bridge was constructed in less than a month sticking to the safety
precautions.
2. Significance
The bridge is of great importance as the ration supplies, medicines and constructional
materials pass through this bridge. Also, it is important for the transit of Indian Army as
India and China have not demarcated their borders. This is important as China has
motorable roads so close to Indian border.
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3. Subansiri river
Subansiri river is a tributary of Brahmaputra river. It runs through the states of Tibet and
Arunachal Pradesh. The river originates in China. It joins Brahmaputra in Assam.
250. GoI: Dashboard launched to provide details about dhabas and

repair shops
On April 21, 2020, the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways launched a dashboard in
its website www.morth.nic.in. The dashboard will provide information about dhabas and
trucks.
1. Highlights
The dashboard has been launched to help cargo and truck drivers and cleaners. A call
number 1033 has been activated to answer calls. All the necessary healthcare protocols
and precautions have to be followed in these repair shops and dhabas.
2. The List
The Ministry has created a list of dhabas and truck repair shops that are to operate
during the extended lock down. With the lock down getting extended with new
guidelines, normalcy is being brought back in green zones. However, these zones should
stick to strict rules. Some states like Assam and Uttar Pradesh have permitted limited list
of dhabas. On the other hand, certain states have allowed sale of food only at outlets of
oil marketing companies.
251. April 21: World Creativity and Innovation Day
Every year on April 21, the World Creativity and Innovation Day is celebrated by the
United Nations. The day creates awareness about the importance of innovation and
creativity to achieve United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. They are also
called the Global goals.
1. Highlights
Creativity and Innovation are the two main wealth of a country in the 21st century
according to the Creative Economy Report published by United Nations Development
Programme, UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization)
and UNOSSC (United Nations Office for South-South Cooperation).
2. Significance
The report says that creative industries and culture should be the major economic
strategies of a country. These industries have a potential of generating 2.25 billion USD
revenue worldwide. It is also capable of producing 29.5 million jobs world wide.
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252. April 22: World Earth Day
Every year World Earth Day is celebrated on April 22. The day is celebrated to
demonstrate environmental protection. It is being celebrated since 1970.
1. Highlights
On the World Earth Day, 2016, the famous Paris Agreement was signed by more than
120 countries. The day was proposed by peace activist John McConnell in 1970. The day
is celebrated by World Earth Day Network. Around 193 countries join the celebrations.
2. 50th Anniversary
This year the 50th anniversary of World Earth Day is celebrated through digital
mobilizations. The following are the five components that are to be included in the
celebrations
3. Paris Agreement
Paris Agreement was signed within the United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate change (UNFCCC). The main aim of the agreement was to keep the increase in
global temperature below 2 degree Celsius as compared to that of the pre industrial
levels. And to make efforts to limit the increase to 1.5 degree Celsius.
253. “COVID India Seva”: An interactive Platform launched by GoI
On April 22, 2020, the Union Minister of Health and Family Welfare, Dr Harsh Vardhan
launched “COVID India Seva” platform. The platform is an interactive medium
established to provide a channel of communication between the citizens and the
Government.
1. Highlights
The platform aims at providing transparent e-governance delivery. This is achieved by
answering queries of the citizens as early as possible. The platform answers queries
raised by the citizen almost in real time basis.
2. Other Measures
Several portals have been launched by the GoI to help India fight against COVID-19. This
includes iGOT (Integrated Government Online Training) portal. The portal provides
training course to doctors and other medical staffs.
April 22, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
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254. ICMR to States: “Stop Using Rapid Test Kits for 2 days”
On April 21, the Indian Council of Medical Research directed the states to stop using
rapid test kits for 2 days. The order comes after several states started complaining about
faulty kits.
1. Highlights
The GoI had received around 3 lakh COVID-19 rapid testing kits from China. The plan is
to import around 6,50,000 kits from China. However, the states have been complaining
that the kits are producing faulty results. Hence, Government of India has ordered to
stop using COVID-19 rapid antibody test kits.
2. About tests
Currently Government of India is using Polymerase Chain Reaction test to detect COVID-
19. This takes four to five hours to obtain results. However, on the other than the rapid
antibody tests takes around 15 to 30 minutes to obtain the results.
255. Third Phase of Gujarat’s “Sujalam Sufalam Jal Sanchay Abhiyan”

begins
The Gujarat state government has launched the 3rd edition of the Sujalam Sufalam Jal
Sanchay Abhiyan to prepare the water bodies before the monsoon.
1. Background
The Sujalam Sufalam Jal Sanchay Abhiyan is a water conservation scheme launched by
the Gujarat state government in 2018 after experiencing a weak monsoon. The second
edition was launched in February of 2019. The water storage capacity has increased by
2.3 billion cubic feet till date.
2. Functioning
The Sujalam Sufalam Jal Sanchay Abhiyan looks to increase the water storage capacity
in the state by preparing water bodies and other infrastructure before the monsoon.
Cleaning and desilting of riverfronts, irrigation canals, deepening of reservoirs, lakes and
tanks. It works on a PPP model with the government contributing 60% of the expenditure
while the remaining 40% is provided by the people.
3. 3rd Edition
The 3rd edition of the scheme was launched amidst the COVID-19 crisis and its
associated lockdown conditions. The workers are to follow social distancing norms and
masks and sanitizers would be provided to them. Participation will be also through the
MGNREGA scheme.
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256. “Saiyam” Mobile application launched by Pune Municipal
Corporation
On April 21, 2020, Pune Municipal Corporation launched “Saiyam” mobile application.
The application has been developed to monitor home quarantine citizens
1. The Plan
The Pune Municipal Corporation has appointed teams in five different zones. These
teams will conduct follow-ups with the home quarantined people on daily basis. Also, the
teams are to check on people that have returned from international trips and also those
who were discharged from COVID-19 treatment.
2. Saiyam Application
The Home Quarantined person should download the application, The application has GPS
tracking and will help in tracking the home quarantined persons whenever they leave
their homes. The City Administration gets alerts on such situations and the local police
are informed.
257. TIFAC to come up with COVID-19 revival strategy
A team of scientists from Technology Information Forecasting and Assessment Council

(TIFAC) is to prepare a revival strategy to help in the growth of Indian Economy post
COVID-19 lock down.
1. Highlights
The strategy is to strengthen Make in India initiative, develop technology driven
transparent Public Distribution System, reduce imports, efficient rural health care
delivery, adoption of emerging technologies such as Machine Learning, Artificial
Intelligence, Data Analytics, etc. The strategy will also aim to commercialize indigenous
technologies.
2. Need
The major concern of Government of India is labour shortage that is to occur for more
than 6 months after lock down. The Government is also expecting 40 million job losses.
Almost every sector namely trade, transport, manufacturing, tourism, health care,
education are to be hit.
3. TIFAC
TIFAC is Technology Information, Forecasting and Assessment Council. It is an
autonomous organization that was established in 1988. It operates under Department of
Science and Technology.
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258. What is Team Mask Force?
The “Team Mask Force” was created by the BCCI (Board of Control for Cricket in India). It
features India’s most revered cricketers such as Sachin Tendulkar, Virat Kohli, Saurav
Ganguly and Rahul Dravid.
1. Highlights
The Team Mask Force intends to spread awareness of the importance of wearing face
masks in public places. Under the initiative, a video has been made with the the Indian
leading Cricketers sharing awareness messages. The cricketers also encourage making
masks at home by sharing their own self made personalised masks.
2. BCCI
The BCCI has contributed Rs 51 crores to the PM-CARES funds (Prime Minister Citizen
Assistance and Relief in Emergency Situation funds). The BCCI was formed in 1928.
259. India attends G20 Agricultural Ministers Meet
On April 21, 2020, the Agriculture Minister Narendra Singh Tomar attended the G20
Agriculture Ministers Meet through video conferencing. The meet was chaired by Saudi
Arabia.
1. Highlights
The nations resolved to work together on nutrition and food security. It also aimed to
maintain continuity of food supply value chain. They also resolved to work together to
promote research in agriculture that will help improve sustainability and resilience in
agriculture.
2. Key Decision of the meet

The International Fund for Agricultural Development is to help in technical assistance,
provide capacity building, improve resilience if agriculture. The G20 AMIS (Agricultural
Market Information System) will help coordinating policy responses. The countries have
called for continued support of AMIS through voluntary financial support.
260. CSIR: Clinical Trial of “Sepsivac” drug on critically ill COVID-19

patients
On April 22, 2020, the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research announced that it is
to go for clinical trials on critically ill COVID-19 patients.
1. Background
The Drugs Controller General of India recently approved the trial of “Sepsivac”. The drug
is available commercially. With the DCGI approving the drug, CSIR is to start clinical
trials of the drug.
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2. Sepsisvac
The drug is used to treat Gram Negative Sepsis patients. The symptoms and ailments of
both critically ill COVID-19 patients and Gram Negative Sepsis patients are almost
similar.
3. Cytokines
Cytokines are produced in human body in response to infections. There are different
types of cytokines. They are interferons, lymphokines, interleukins and tumor necrosis.
261. World Press Freedom Index: India ranks 142nd
On April 22, 2020, the Global Press freedom Index was launched. India ranked 142nd in
the index and had dropped two places.
The World Press Freedom Index says that with no murder of journalists in India in 2019
as compared to 2018, the security situation in the country has improved. According to
the index, there were 6 murders of journalists in the country in 2018. According to the
index, in India, there have been violations in press freedom, reprisals that were
instigated by corrupt local officials and ambushes by political activists.
According to the index, Pakistan ranked 145 dropping three places. Bangladesh ranked
151. Norway ranked first, North Korea was at 180th and China ranked 177th.
3. World Press Freedom Index

The Index is compiled and published by Reporters without borders, a Paris based non-
profit organisation. Around 180 countries were ranked in the index. According to the
index, South Asia performed the least as compared to all the other regions.
262. Global Annual Report released by United Nations World Food

Programme
The World Food Programme of the United Nations recently released its fourth annual
report on Food Crisis. According to the report, the food crisis has grown by 10%.
1. Highlights
The report says that around 265 million people are facing food insecurity in 2020. This
has increased as compared to 2019. In 2019, around 135 million were affected. The
report has found that around 135 million people from 55 countries are living in acute
food crisis.
2. Findings of the report

The increase in food crisis is mainly due to economic shocks, conflicts and weather-
related events such as drought.
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3. Financial Flows
The financial flows of humanitarian assistance in 32 of the 53 countries with food crisis
has increased. However, the increase is not in par with the increase in food crisis. In
2016, the financial flows were 5.38 billion USD and in 2018, the financial flows were 6.5
billion USD.
4. About the report

The report was presented by the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization and
World Food Programme to the United Nations Security Council.
263. Food Processing Industries to remain open during extended Lock

Down
On April 21, 2020, Government of India announced that food processing industries,
caregivers of senior citizens and prepaid mobile charging units are to remain open
during extended lock down.
1. Highlights
The Ministry of Home Affairs recently issued guidelines for the categories to remain open
during extended lock down. According to the guidelines, the states were instructed to
clarify the guidelines to the implementing district authorities. Some of the states failed
to comply with the guidelines. An inter-ministerial committee was formed to assess
these states. The Committee is currently visiting Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh.

The guidelines have mentioned social sector clause and failed to define the clause in
detail. This is creating differences. Hence, the centre has clarified that this clause
includes supply of essential goods such as food processing units, milk processing, flour
mills, bed side attendants and caregivers to senior citizens are exempted from lock
down.
3. Other Guidelines
The Guidelines issued are as follows
264. GoI: Recovery rate of COVID-19 patients in the country is 17.47%
On April 21, 2020, the Government of India announced that the recovery rate of COVID-
19 patients in the country is 17.47%. There are more than 61 districts in 23 states and
union territories where no fresh cases have been reported in 14 days.
1. Highlights
The Government of India has issued detailed guidelines for all states towards treatments
such as HIV, dialysis and cancer. The Indian Red Cross has started round the clock
control room to provide blood services in Delhi. Several other steps are being taken to
combat COVID-19 in the country.
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The GoI has created covidwarriors.gov.in portal. The Portal holds database of healthcare
professionals and volunteers. Around 1.24 crores of human resources have been added
to the portal. The portal holds 20 categories and 49 sub categories. The portal holds
details of 15,000 AYUSH professionals. They have been deployed in 17 states and Union
Territories. More than 1 lakh AYUSH professionals and 55,000 AYUSH students have
been trained to be deployed in the fight against COVID-19.
265. New Viper Species discovered by Indian Herpetologists in

Arunachal Pradesh
The Indian Herpetologists discovered new species of viper family in the Pakke Tiger
Reserve in Arunachal Pradesh. It has been named after a fictional character, Salazar
Slytherin.
1. Highlights
This is the second species of viper that was discovered in Arunachal Pradesh. However,
there are more 48 species of viper in the region (across South East Asia and East Asia). It
is very difficult to spot in Arunachal Pradesh. Also, the biodiversity documentation in the
state is bad.
2. Vipers
Vipers are venomous snakes that are found in almost all parts of the world. They are not
found in Australia, Antarctica, Hawaii, New Zealand and Madagascar. They have a pair of
long fangs that inject venom. These snakes are intelligent and have the capability to
decide how much venom to inject based on the circumstances.
3. Pakke Tiger Reserve

The Tiger Reserve is bounded by Kameng river in the west and north and by Pakke river
in the east. It is located in Arunachal Pradesh.
266. GoI brings in ordinance making attack on doctors punishable up to

7 years
On April 22, 2020, the Government of India brought in ordinance to end violence against
doctors and health care workers.
1. Highlights
According to the ordinance, persons attacking health personnel are to be sentenced to
jail for 6 months to 7 years. In non-serious cases, the workers are liable to pay penalty of
Rs 50,000 and in serious cases between Rs 2 lakhs and 5 lakhs.
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2. The Protest
The Indian Medical Association had declared April 23, 2020 as black day to protest
against attacks on health care professionals, workers, staffs and doctors all over the
country. It demanded the central government to punish those causing violence.
However, the protest was withdrawn by the association after the cabinet approved
ordinance to take strict actions against persons causing the violence.
267. Rs 15,000 crores approved by Union Cabinet for COVID-19
On April 22, 2020, the Union Cabinet approved Rs 15,000 crores towards “India COVID-
19 Emergency Response and Health System Preparedness Challenge”. The funds are to
be utilised in 3 phases.
1. Highlights
For an immediate response Rs 7,774 crore has been sanctioned. The rest of the funds
are to be utilised as medium-term support in 1 to 4 years. The main aim of the funds is
to slow down the spread of COVID-19 in India.
2. Objectives of the fund

The main objectives of the fund are as follows
268. April 23: World Book Day
Every year, World Book Day or International Day of Book or World Book and Copyrights
Day is organised by United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization
(UNESCO).
1. Highlights
The World Book Day is being celebrated since 1995. The idea of World Book Day was
given a writer Vicente Clavel Andres to celebrate World Book Day on the death
anniversary of author Miguel de Cervantes.
2. Miguel de Cervantes
Miguel de Cervantes was a Spanish writer. He was well known for the classic western
literature “Don Quixote”. He lived in 17th century. He was a soldier, poet, novelist, tax
collector and a playwright. He was forced to leave Spain and hence he worked as a
cardinal in Rome.
April 23, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
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269. Ministry of HRD launches VidyaDaan 2.0
On April 22, 2020, the Union Ministry of HRD launched VidyaDaan 2.0 on DIKSHA. The
main aim of the platform is to contribute e-learning content and help children continue
their learning anywhere and anytime in the country.
1. Highlights
In the backdrop of situation arising out of COVID-19, VidyaDaan 2.0 has been launched
to integrate both school and higher education for children. The VidyanDaan 2.0 was
launched on DIKSHA.
2. Objective of the programme

VidyanDaan 2.0 will bring together academicians, organizations and e-learning content.
The contributors shall share content in the form of videos, assessments, lesson plans
and question banks. The content shared are to be monitored by a panel of experts
3. DIKSHA
DIKSHA is National Digital Infrastructure launched for teachers. It acts as a platform for
the teachers to learn and train themselves. It will help them in creating in-class
resources, training content, assessment aids and also stay connected with other teacher
community.
270. Union Cabinet approves Nutrient Based Subsidy
On April 22, 2020, the Union Cabinet approved to fix Nutrient Based Subsidies for
Phosphatic Potassic fertilizers.
1. Highlights
The cabinet also approved the use of complex fertilizer namely Ammonium Phosphate.
The expenditure to be spent on the subsidy of the fertilizer is expected to be Rs 22,186
crores.
2. Background
The Government of India has been providing potassium and phosphorous fertilizers to
farmers in subsidy rates. These subsidies are governed by the NBS scheme that was
launched in 2010.
3. Nutrient Based Subsidy Scheme

Under the scheme, the fertilizers except urea are to be provided to the farmers at
subsidized rates. The scheme focuses on secondary nutrients such as N,P,K and S and
also micro nutrients.
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271. Apthamitra: Helpline and application launched by Karnataka
Government
The State Government of Karnataka has launched “Apthamitra” mobile application and
helpline to fight COVID-19. The application was launched by the Chief Minister of the
state B S Yediyurappa.
1. Highlights
The application aims at providing medical guidance and advice on COVID-19. When a
person has symptoms of COVID-19, he or she can call to the helpline number of
“Apthamitra”. They will be advised by a team of medical experts based on the
symptoms.
2. About the Application

The application is to work for 12 hours in the day, that is, between 8 AM to 8 PM. The
helpline Centres are to be located at 6 places, 4 in Bengaluru, 1 in Mysore and one in
Mangalore.
3. Two Tier System

Apthamitra is a two-tier system. In the first tier the application is manned by AYUSH
professionals, nurses or student volunteers. In the second tier, the app is managed by
MBBS professionals, volunteer doctors and AYUSH doctors.
4. Significance
The application aims to reach people at low risks of COVID-19 and counsel them for self-
quarantine. Also, it will help to follow up low risk cases till they are cured completely. It
will also help to identify people in hotspot areas that have influenza like symptoms,
COVID-19 symptoms or Severe Acute Respiratory Infection.
272. Feluda: COVID-19 test developed by CSIR-IGIB scientists
The IGIB (Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology) operating under CSIR (Council of
Scientific and Industrial Research) have come up with a COVID-19 test called “Feluda”.
1. Highlights
The test has been named after a detective character in the stories of film maker Satyajit
Ray. The total time taken by the test to produce results is 1 hour.
2. About the test

The test starts the same way as that of the Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-
PCR), that is, extraction of RNA (Ribo Nucleic Acid) and converting into deoxyribonucleic
acid (DNA). The highly specific FnCAS9 and CRISPR binds to the sequence. These binding
agents then give positivity or negativity results based on the presence of COVID-19.
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3. Advantages
In RT-PCR tests, primers and probes are used to convert RNA to DNA. They amplify the
presence of viral nucleic acid. However, in order to achieve this confirmation, the
expensive RT-PCR machines are required. This is not so in the case of Feluda. Hence,
Feluda is much cheaper and feasible.
273. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crimes launches series under
Education for Justice initiative
On April 22, 2020, the United Nations Office of Drugs and Crimes launched online
dialogues with students and educators on COVID-19.
1. Highlights
The organization has launched “Lockdown Learners’ Series” under Education for Justice
Initiative. The series aims to sensitize students on the issues such as misinformation,
cybercrime, gender-based violence, corruption among others.
2. Background
Due to lock down in India, schools have been closed. This has brought the academic
sessions of 2020 to a halt. GoI has ordered the schools to promote all students till Class
VIII without annual exams. Hence, these initiatives like Education for Justice will act as a
common platform for both teachers and students.
3. Education for Justice

The Education for Justice initiative was launched by the United Nations Office on Drugs
and Crimes to teach next generation about crime prevention and address problems
under law.
4. Need
There are more than 1.52 billion youth and children out of school in the current situation.
This is 87% of the student population all over the world. Around 60.2 million teachers are
not in class rooms.
274. World Bank: Decline of Money sent by Migrant Workers by 110

billion USD
On April 22, 2020, the World Bank announced that the amount of money sent back by
the migrant workers to their home countries is to decrease by 110 billion USD.
1. Highlights
Due to the COVID-19 lock down, the remittances to low-income and middle-income
countries are to fall by 20%. The decline in remittance is the highest in the history. This
is greater than 2008 financial crisis.
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2. Migrant Workers
The major regions of the world receiving remittances from Migrant workers include sub
Saharan Africa, South Asia, South America.
3. Implications
These remittances helped countries alleviate poverty, improve nutrition and reduce child
labour.
4. International Labour Organization

According to ILO, the migrant workers account to 258 million in the world.
275. PV Sindhu named as ambassador in the Badminton World

Federation campaign
On April 22, 2020, the World champion P V Sindhu was named the ambassador of the
campaign “I am Badminton”. The campaign was launched by Badminton World
Federation (BWF).
1. About the Campaign

The campaign provides platform for the badminton players to advocate and commit to
honest and clean play. It also helps the players to express their love and respect for the
game.
2. P V Sindhu
P V Sindhu is an Indian professional badminton player. She rose to world rank 2 in 2017.
Miss Sindhu is the first Indian to become Badminton World Champion.
3. Badminton World Federation

The Badminton World Federation is an international governing body of the badminton
sport. It was founded by 1934 and has been recognized by the International Olympic
Committee. This means one can enter Olympics through games of BWF as well.
276. ICMR: Pooled Testing only in areas of less than 5% COVID-19

prevalence
On April 22, 2020, the Indian Council of Medical Research announced that pooled testing
can be done only in areas where the COVID-19 prevalence is less than 5%. Also, the
ICMR has instructed that not more than 5 samples shall be pooled. This is done to
improve the efficacy of pooled testing
1. What is pooled testing?

Pooled testing is putting swab samples obtained from several people that might be
exposed to COVID-19 and testing them all using one RT-PCR (Real Time-Polymerase
Chain Reaction) test kit.
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2. India’s stand in testing
The testing in India is less as compared to other countries. Between March 21, 2020 and
April 21, 2020, the following number of people were tested per 1000
3. Current Scenario
So far in India, Pooled testing has been adopted in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Uttar
Pradesh and Haryana. Though Andaman was the first Union Territory to adopt pool
testing, UP was the first state to adopt the methodology.
277. NASA: Air Pollution in India at 20 year low
On April 22, 2020, NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) announced
that Air Pollution in India has reached 20 year low.
1. Highlights
According to the data published by NASA, the Aerosol Optical Depth in 2020 has been
the least as compared to the average of 2016 to 2019. Aerosol Optical Depth is
absorption of light by airborne particles in the atmosphere. When the aerosols are near
the surface, the optical depth of 1 or above indicate hazy conditions.
2. Aerosol Optical Depth

The aerosols are particles in atmosphere released due to anthropogenic activities such
as industries, vehicles and natural events such as dust storms, fires, etc. The presence
of Aerosols in the atmosphere is also affected by particulate matter in the atmosphere.
278. BRO constructs permanent bridge across Ravi river
The Border Roads Organization has completed the construction of permanent bridge
across Ravi river. The Kasowal bridge will help Punjab farmers to transport their harvest
comfortably.
1. Highlights
The construction of the bridge has been completed well ahead of time. The bridge was
constructed by BRO under Project Chetak. The cost of construction of the bridge is Rs
17.89 crores.
2. Ravi River
The Ravi river is a transboundary river. It is also known by the name Iravati. The riparian
states of the river include Himachal Pradesh and Punjab. The non-riparian states include
Jammu and Kashmir, Haryana and Rajasthan. Under the Indus Water Treaty 1960, the
waters of Ravi and other five rivers are divided between India and Pakstan.
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3. Indus Water Treaty
The Indus Water Treaty is a water distribution treaty between India and Pakistan. The
treaty was brokered by World Bank. It was signed in Karachi. According to the treaty, the
eastern rivers of India Ravi, Beas and Sutlej were given to India and the waters of
western rivers of India Indus, Chenab and Jhelum were given to Pakistan.
279. Lebanon: First Arab Country to legalize Marijuana cultivation
On April 23, 2020, Lebanon became the first Arab country to legalize marijuana
cultivation. This has been done by the Lebanese Parliament in order to boost the export
of marijuana.
1. Highlights
The cannabis plant has been farmed illegally in Lebanon in the fertile Bekaa Valley.
Today the country has legalized marijuana cultivation for industrial and medical
purposes to cope with the economic crisis that is being faced by the country.
2. Golden Crescent
The Golden Crescent includes three countries namely Iran, Pakistan and Afghanistan.
Together they form a crescent in the map and hence the name Crescent.
3. Golden Triangle
The Golden Triangle includes Thailand, Myanmar and Laos where the regions meet at
the confluence of Ruak and Mekong river and hence forming a golden triangle.
280. Alternative Academic Calendar released by Ministry of HRD
On April 23, 2020, the Ministry of Human Resources and Development has released an
alternative academic calendar for the primary and upper primary classes, that is till
Class VIII.
1. Highlights
The calendar has been prepared by the NCERT guided by the Ministry of HRD. The aim of
the calendar is to keep students engaged meaningfully during their stay at home with
the help of parents and teachers.
2. Role of Teachers in the initiative

The Calendar provides guidelines to the teachers to use social media tools and
technological tools to impart education to children in innovative ways. For parents
without the knowledge of smart phones, internet, social media, the guidelines instruct
teachers to use SMS facilities or voice calls.
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3. About the Calendar
The Calendar contains week-wise plans with challenging and interesting activities. Above
all, the learning outcomes of the initiative are mapped. It also consists of activities such
as yoga, exercises, pre-vocational skills, etc. The Calendar mainly covers four languages
namely, English, Hindi, Urudu and Sanskrit.
281. April 23: English Language Day; Spanish Language Day
Every year, April 23 is celebrated as English Language Day. The Spanish Language Day
is celebrated on the same day as well. English is one of the two working languages of the
United Nations. The Day is also celebrated as World Book Day.
1. Highlights
The Day is celebrated as English Language Day to observe both birth and death
anniversary of William Shakespeare. The day is an initiative by the Department of Global
Communications. Language Days are observed for each of the six official languages of
the UN.
2. Other Language Days

The other official language days celebrated by the United Nations are as follows
3. Spanish Language Day

The Spanish Language Day was established by UNESCO (United Nations Educational,
Scientific and Cultural Organization)
April 24, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
282. DRDO Mobile COVID-19 Testing Lab inaugurated by Defence

Minister
On April 24, 2020, Defence Minister Raj Nath Singh inaugurated mobile COVID-19 testing
laboratory facility. The facility is capable of testing 1000 samples in a day.
1. Highlights
The Mobile Virology Research and Diagnostics Laboratory (MVRDL) was developed by
DRDO in association with the ESIC Hospital in Hyderabad. The laboratory was set up in
15 days and is of Bio Safety level 2 and Bio Safety level 3. It has been built complying
ICMR and WHO Bio Safety Standards.
2. What are Bio-Safety Levels?

There are four Bio-Safety Levels (BSL) followed in Indian Standards. They comply to WHO
guidelines. They are BSL-1, BSL-2, BSL-3 and BSL-4.
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3. Bio-Safety Level 1
The BSL-1 laboratories are used to study infectious agents, toxins. They do not require
special equipment or design features.
The BSL-2 laboratories study moderately infectious agents. These laboratories should
include hand washing sinks, doors that close automatically and lock in case of accidents
and eye washing stations.
The BSL-3 laboratories should hold controlled and directional air flow. They should have
equipment to decontaminate laboratory waste, incinerators based on the biological risk
assessment.
The BSL-4 laboratories are those that pose high risks of aerosol transmitted infections.
These examine life threatening infections for which no vaccines are available. Significant
training is required to access these laboratories.
283. SC on anti-narcotics law: Quantity will determine punishment not

Purity
On April 23, 2020, the Supreme Court of India pronounced that it is the quantity of the
banned drug mixture that will decide the punishment of the offender and not the purity.
The clarification was given by the apex court under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic
Substances Act.
1. Highlights
In order to determine whether the drugs are in “small or commercial quantity”, the
neutral substance in the mixture is to be included along with actual weight. This is being
clarified by the court as according to the Narcotics Drugs and Psychotropic Substances
act, the punishment for possessing commercial quantity of drugs is more than that of
smaller quantity.

In illegal drug markets, the drugs are adulterated or mixed with other substances. This is
done to reduce the vaporizing rates of heroin. They add chalk powder, zinc oxides and
other cheaper but more dangerous impurities.
3. Narcotics Drugs and Psychotropic Act, 1985

The act prohibits a person to manufacture, produce, cultivate, possess, purchase, store,
transport or consume narcotic drugs. Under the act, the GoI can constitute Narcotic
Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Consultative Committee to provide advise on
matters relating to administration of the act. The committee shall consist of maximum of
20 members.
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284. IIFPT to manufacture and supply nutrient-rich food
The Indian Institute of Food Processing Industry (IIFPT) operating under Ministry of Food
Processing Industry has been manufacturing nutrient rich food for COVID-19 patients.
1. Highlights
The institute is supplying bread loves that are enriched with moringa leaves. It has also
produced whey protein that constitutes 9.8% of protein and 8.1% of fiber. Also,
immunity boosters such as turmeric, garlic, ginger and pepper are added. The institute
has also produced rusks that consists of 12.85% protein and 10.61% fiber.
2. IIFPT
The IIFPT was initially called the Indian Institute of Crop Processing Technology. It was
founded as a Research and Development Complex in 1967, mainly for rice. Later in
1972, the institute got upgraded to Paddy processing research centre. Finally, in 2008
the institute became a national institute and was renamed as Indian Institute of Crop
Processing Technology and now called IIFPT.
285. “Khongjom Day” commemorated by Manipur
On April 23, 2020, the state of Manipur commemorated Khongjom Day. The day is
marked to pay tribute to the warriors who fought in the 1891 Anglo-Manipur war.
1. Anglo-Manipur War
The Anglo-Manipur was an armed conflict between the British Government and the
Kingdom of Manipur. The war was fought between 31 March and 27 April of 1891. It
resulted in the victory of British.
2. Khongjom War Memorial Complex

The Complex is a historical site that holds the tallest sword statute in the world. The site
was constructed in remembrance of the brave souls who fought in the war. The place is
one of the greatest tourist attractions in the North East.
286. April 24: International Day of Multilateralism and Diplomacy for

Peace
Every year April 24 is marked as the International Day of Multilateralism and Diplomacy
for Peace. It was first observed on April 24, 2019.
1. Highlights
The day is marked by the United Nations. It aims to preserve values of international
cooperation and multilateralism, based on which the UN Charter and 2030 Sustainable
Development Goals are framed. Also, the day is marked to promote and support three
pillars of the United Nations. They are peace and security, human rights and
development.
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2. Background
United Nations was established in 1945 after second world war based on one central
mission, which is international peace and security.
3. 2020
This year, the International Day of Multilateralism and Diplomacy for Peace considers
COVID-19 as the biggest challenge since the world war. This year the day is being
marked to spread the importance of multilateralism to win over the combat against
COVID-19. This is to be achieved by identifying common opportunities of the countries.
287. COVID-19: Hike in Dearness Allowance for the year 2021 put on
hold
The Government of India on April 23, 2020, put on hold to the hike in dearness
allowance. This is being done by the union government to save Rs 1 lakh crore.
1. Highlights
The hold in the hike of dearness allowance applies only to central government
employees and pensioners. Currently, the central government employees are receiving
Dearness Allowance at 17% of their salary. The Government had planned to increase the
allowance by 4%.
2. What is Dearness allowance?

Dearness Allowance is received by pensioners and government employees. The DA is
revised twice every year in the month of July and January. The allowance is provided to
the employees and pensioners to compensate inflation.
3. History
The concept of Dearness Allowance was introduced during World War II. In India the
Dearness Allowance was introduced as Old Textile allowance in 1947. It was then
reintroduced as Revised Textile Allowance in 1953. DA was first linked to wage revision
of employees. It was later linked to the Consumer Price Index.
288. Tianwen 1: China’s first Mars Exploration Mission
On April 24, 2020, the Chinese National Space Administration (CNSA) named its first
Mars Exploration mission as Tianwen 1. The CNSA also announced that henceforth all the
planetary missions are to be named as Tianwen series.
1. Highlights
The announcement comes on April 24 as China has been celebrating its National Space
Day on April 24 since 2016.
2. National Space Day of China

China celebrates its Space Day to mark the launch of its first satellite Dongfanghong-1.
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3. Tianwen
Tianwen means Heavenly Questions. The Chinese Mars mission includes orbiting, landing
and roving on the planet mars. Earlier in 2011, China attempted to send its exploratory
probe called Yinghuo-I in a Russian spacecraft. However, the spacecraft was declared
lost after it burnt during its re-entry.
4. World Mars Missions

So far countries such as India, Russia, European Union and United States have
succeeded in sending missions to Mars. India’s mars mission was named “Mangalyaan”.
It was launched in 2013 by ISRO. India was the fourth country in the world to reach Mars
after Russia, USA and European Union.
289. E-Gram Swaraj Application and Portal launched
On April 24, 2020, PM Narendra Modi launched E-Gram Swaraj application and 2 portals
to accelerate pace of development in villages.
1. Highlights
The application will help panchayats to complete development projects in villages. It will
accelerate project in villages starting from planning to completion.
2. Benefits
The portal will act as a single platform to implement Gram Panchayat Development Plan.
Every information related to the rural areas will be found in E-Swaraj website and also on
mobile application.
3. Swamitva Scheme
The scheme aims to provide an integrated property validation solution to rural India. In
order the demarcate the lands, the Ministry of Panchayati Raj is to use drone technology.
The ministry is to be joined by State Revenue Department, Panchayati Raj Department
and Survey of India. The scheme is to be initially launched in six states namely
Karnataka, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Uttarakhand and Madhya Pradesh.
4. Background
The initiatives have been launched by the Prime Minister to celebrate Panchayati Raj
Day.
290. April 24: National Panchayati Raj Day
Every year, Indian Government celebrates April 24 as National Panchayati Raj Day. The
day is also called National Local Self Government Day.
1. Highlights
The National Panchayati Raj Day was first declared by the then PM Manmohan Singh in
2010. The day is being marked every year by the Ministry of Panchayati Raj.
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2. 2020
In the year 2020, on the eve of National Panchayati Raj Day, PM Modi launched the E-
Gram Swaraj application and portal. Also, he launched the Swamitva scheme to
integrate lands and reduce land disputes. The scheme was launched in 6 states. The
portal and application were launched to develop the villages in the country.
3. Why April 24?

The 73rd Constitutional Amendment came into effect on April 24. The amendment gave
constitutional status to the Panchayati Raj System
291. Inter-Ministerial Committee constituted by Government of India
On April 24, 2020, the Government of India constituted Inter-Ministerial Committee to

assess violations of lock down in the states of Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Maharashtra and
Telangana.
1. Highlights
The Government of India has constituted inter-ministerial teams, 2 for Gujarat, one for
each Tamil Nadu, Telangana and Maharashtra. The teams will make on-spot assessment
of violations of lock down in the country.
2. Legislation
The committees have been constituted under the Section 35 of Disaster Management
Act, 2005. Section 35 (1) empowers the Union Government to take all measures that it
feels is important.
292. NOOR: Iran’s first military satellite launched successfully
Iran recently launched its first military satellite. The satellite is to orbit at 425 km. This
has increased tensions between US and Iran amidst COVID-19 crisis.
1. Highlights
The Iran Revolutionary Guards Corps, IRGC launched the satellite. Iran has used Ghased
or Messenger satellite launcher to put the satellite in its orbit. Tensions increased when
countries learnt that the technology used to launch the satellite was previously unheard
as it used both solid and liquid fuel.
2. US-Iran tensions
In 2015, Iran signed the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action with US, France, UK, China,
Germany and Russia. According to the plan, the nuclear usage and weapon production of
Iran was cut down. The US walked out of the deal recently claiming Iran has violated the
nuclear agreement.
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293. DST develops advanced mapping tool to map nano-mechanical
materials
The Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials operating
under Department of Science and Technology has developed Nano Blitz 3D.
1. Highlights
The Nano Blitz 3D is a tool that is used for mapping nano mechanical properties. The tool
shall be used to map nano materials such as multi-phase alloys, multi-layered coatings
and composites.
2. About the mapping

The mapping tool offers more than 10,000 data points. The data is processed using
Machine Learning algorithms.
3. Benefits
The tool can be used to establish structure property linkages. This can help to develop
hierarchical materials. This in turn helps in the development of Integrated Computational
Material Engineering (ICME).
4. ICME
It is an approach to understand how material structures are produced, how these
structures give rise to material properties and finally how to select an ideal material for
an application.
294. ANTHURIUM: 10 Varieties of the high market value, AIR PURIFYING

flower developed
A woman innovator from Kerala, Vasini Bai has developed 10 varieties of Anthurium
flower. The flower has high market value for its major usage as an indoor decorative. As
the innovator was unable to meet high demand of highly time-consuming technique, the
National Innovation Foundation has stepped in.
1. Highlights
The National Innovation foundation has facilitated mass multiplication and large- scale
production of four of the high demand varieties. This is to be done at the Indian Institute
of Horticultural Research, Bangalore. The institute is to adopt cross tissue culture
technique to develop the flowers.
2. Anthurium
The Anthurium flowers have gained their significance lately for their purification
qualities. They purify the surrounding air. Also, they remove harmful airborne chemicals
such as ammonia, formaldehyde, toluene, allergens and xylene.
3. NASA
NASA has placed the plant under the list of air purifier plant.
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4. National Innovation Foundation
The National Innovation Foundation operates under Department of Science and
Technology. It was set up in February 2000 to provide support to the grass roots
innovations in the country. The most popular IGNITE annual competition is organized by
National Innovation Foundation.
295. UNCTAD cancels 1 trillion USD debts owed by developing countries
The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) has announced
that it is to cancel over 1 trillion USD of debt owed by developing countries.
1. Highlights
According to the UNCTAD, over 64 low-income countries spend more on debts than their
health systems. They are now struggling with growing debt burden to plummet prices of
oil, weakening of local currencies and exports. On the other hand, they have COVID-19
crisis to address health issues.
2. Key Findings
According to UNCTAD, the high-income countries have debt obligations between 2 trillion
USD and 2.3 trillion USD in 2020. The middle- and low-income countries have debt
obligations between 700 billion USD and 1.1 trillion USD.
3. G20
Similar steps were taken by the G20 countries as well. The G20 groupings agreed to
suspend bilateral debt payments by the poorest countries of the world till the end of the
year. The G20 grouping has called for “Global Debt Deal” that will grant one-year debt
standstill. After one year, the developing world shall pay back the debt with interest.
April 25, 2020
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296. 19 Interstellar Asteroids discovered between Jupiter and Neptune
The Brazilian Astronomers have discovered 19 new asteroids between the Jupiter and
the Neptune. The astronomers believe that they joined the solar system 4.5 billion years
ago.
1. Highlights
As the universe began to expand, the sun was born and the gravity of the growing sun
sucked these asteroids into the solar system. These asteroids once belonged to another
star and are now orbiting between Jupiter and Neptune. The asteroids are orbiting in a
plane perpendicular to the planetary motion. They are now a part of “Centaurs” orbiting
the sun. Centaurs are group of asteroids between Neptune and Jupiter.
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2. Oumumua
The Oumuamua was discovered in 2017. The asteroid according to the astronomers
have come from the star called Vega in the constellation Lyra.
3. Significance
Investigating interstellar objects help to learn about other star systems in the universe.
These astronomical objects travelling between star systems pick up materials along their
ways.
297. PRACRITI: IIT-Delhi develops dashboard to predict COVID-19 cases

before 3 weeks
Researchers from IIT Delhi have developed web-based dashboard to predict the spread
of COVID-19 in India. The dashboard has been named PRACRITI-Prediction and
Assessment of Corona Infections and Transmissions in India.
1. Highlights
The dashboard provides detailed district-wise and state-wise predictions of COVID-19.
The dashboard provides basic reproduction number “R naught”. R0 is the number of
people that the virus spreads to from a single infected person.
2. About the dashboard

The dashboard divides mathematical model into four classes namely exposed,
susceptible, infected and removed. Susceptible are those people that are not exposed to
the virus. Exposed are those people that are exposed to the infected person. Infected
are those that are infected by the virus and removed are those that are no longer the
carrier of the virus.
3. Significance
The dashboard will help in better governance of COVID-19. It will help governments to
frame their policies.
298. April 25: World Malaria Day
Every year, on April 25, the World Malaria Day is being marked by several international
organizations including World Health Organization. This year, the day is being marked
under the theme
1. Highlights
The World Malaria Day is marked to mobilize resources to control Malaria, to keep
Malaria high on political agenda and to empower communities to prevent malaria.
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2. Background
Between 2000 and 2014, the number of people that died of Malaria fell by 40%
worldwide. However, the World Malaria Report, 2019, says that more than a billion
people died of malaria in 2018. Malaria remains a potential threat to the poor and the
vulnerable.
3. Global public Health Campaigns of WHO

Malaria is one of the eight global public health campaigns that are marked by the WHO.
The other 7 campaigns are World Tuberculosis Day, World AIDS Day, World Hepatitis
Day, World No Tobacco Day, World Immunization Week, World Blood Donor Day and
World Health Day.
299. Finance Commission: States shall use FRBM clause to fight COVID-
19
On April 24, 2020, the Finance Commission has advised the state governments to use
the clauses of FRBM (Fiscal Responsibility) act in order to raise additional resources to
fight against COVID-19.
1. Centre and State FRBM

The states have their own FRBM act. The main similarities between the centre and state
FRBM is that the limit of fiscal deficit is 3% and the governments can raise the deficit up
to 50 basis points. The State governments have been advised to use this clause. With
this permissible amount of fiscal deficit, the state governments will have funds in hand.
2. Issues identified by the Finance Commission

The Finance Commission has identified the following possible issues during the meeting
with its advisory council
300. GoI boosts Rural Development schemes
On April 24, 2020, the Union Minister of Agriculture and Family Welfare Shri Narendra
Singh Tomar held video conference with State rural development ministers. During the
meet, the minister shared plan of GoI to boost rural development scheme
1. Highlights
The following schemes are to be boosted under rural development programme
2. Funds Allocated
The Ministry of Rural Development has so far released Rs 36,000 crores to the states
and union territories for the year 2020-21. The scheme of MGNREGA has been allocated
with Rs 20, 225 crores. However, the funds are to be used to clear the outstanding dues
of MGNREGA scheme in the previous year.
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301. April 25: International Delegate’s Day
On April 25, 2020, for the first time, the United Nations marked the International
Delegate’s Day. The Day is being marked to celebrate the 75th anniversary of San
Francisco Conference.
1. San Francisco Conference

On April 25, 1945, delegates from 50 countries came together in San Francisco for the
first time. The main aim of the conference was to come together to restore world peace
and impose rules post world war. More than 850 delegates participated in the
conference. They represented 80% of the world population.
2. Significance
Delegates are the back bone of the United Nations. They bring life to the organization
and hence it is important to recognize their role. The delegates to the United Nations
represent their concerned countries and are appointed by the country.
3. Role of Delegates
The United Nations has adopted the resolution 73/286 to recognize the crucial role
played by the delegates. These delegates live up to the goals of United Nations, that is,
to maintain international peace, promote effective multilateralism and encourage
respect for fundamental freedom and human rights. The delegates negotiate
agreements with the other member countries, coordinate with their countries and follow
interests of the governments they serve.
302. Hubble Space Telescope: NASA’s longest living Space Telescope

celebrates 30th anniversary
On April 24, 2020, NASA celebrated its 30 years of launch of Hubble Space Telescope. It
is one of the longest living Space Telescopes in the world.
1. About Hubble Space Telescope

The Hubble Space Observatory is run in partnership with European Space Agency. The
telescope has played a crucial role in the discovery of accelerating expansion of the
cosmos. Also, it was Hubble Telescope that gave the evidence of existence of black
holes in the centres of the galaxy.
2. Significance
The Telescope has its own unique design to be repaired and upgraded by the astronauts.
This unique feature of the telescope has kept it alive throughout the technological
upgradations since its launch. It is the longest living space telescope on the earth.
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3. Cosmic Reef
On its 30th anniversary, the Hubble Telescope captured a Cosmic Reef. The Cosmic Reef
is a group of stars that has an appearance of a coral reef undersea. Each star in the
group is ten times the size of the sun. The stars are in a nebula. Nebula is a giant cloud
of gas and dust. The nebula is formed due to the dust emitted from these stars. They are
large Magellanic Clouds.
303. World Immunization Week
Every year, last week of April is marked as the World Immunization Week. The Week is
celebrated to increase awareness of immunization. This year, the week is being marked
under the theme
1. Immunization
According to the World Health Organization, immunization can help protect from 25
different infectious disease-causing agents or diseases. The World Immunization is one
of the eight official Global Public Campaigns organized by the World Health Organization.
2. Global Public Campaigns

The Global Public Campaigns of the WHO include World Health Day, World Tuberculosis
Day, World Blood Donor Day, World No Tobacco Day, World Malaria Day, World AIDS
Day, World Hepatitis Day and World Immunization Week.
3. First Immunization
The first vaccine developed to immunize against diseases was the small pox vaccine. It
was developed by an English Physician Edward Jenner in 1796.
4. 2020 Campaign
This year, during the World Immunization Week, the following are to be focused
304. Banking Services made Public Utility Services
The Government of India has declared banking industry as public utility service till
October 21. The order has been issued under provisions of Industrial Disputes Act.
1. Highlights
The banking services have been brought under the Industrial Disputed Act in order to
prevent strikes by the employees of banking sector. The order has been passed by the
labour ministry.
2. Industrial Disputes Act

The Industrial Disputes act, 1947 regulates Indian labour laws. The main objective of the
act is to secure harmony and peace in the work culture of Indian Industries. The act
applies only to organized sector.
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3. Path of the order
The order was initiated by Ministry of Finance and has then gone to Reserve Bank of
India for clarification. Finally, the order was passed and implemented by the Ministry of
Labour.
4. Reasons for the order

There are several decisions of the government that the bank unions do not agree. For
instance, several bank unions protested against the bank mergers. The unions did not
agree to the merger as they believed that consolidation of banks will lead to closing
down of branches.
5. Public Utility Services

The Public Utility Services are those services that operate as public service corporation.
They provide essential services such as telephones, electricity, natural gas, postal
services and water.
305. Scientific Disposal of COVID-19 waste by National Green Tribunal
The National Green Tribunal has directed the states and the union territories to closely
monitor the transport, handling, storage and disposal of COVID-19 waste.
1. Highlights
The Biomedical waste rules deal with waste generated by the infectious diseases.
However, special waste management rules have been issued by GoI to handle wastes of
COVID-19 waste.
2. Significance
An improper handling of biomedical waste shall pose grave threat to health of the people
and the environment. The unscientific way of handling the wastes of COVID-19 can turn
to be hazardous.
3. Guidelines by the Tribunal

The tribunal had directed that a high-level team such as CPCB, Jal Shakti, Defence,
Urban development supervise scientific disposal of COVID-19. Also, the state
governments and UTs were directed to follow Biomedical Waste Management Rules,
2016.
4. Suggestions of NGT
The following suggestions were provided by the NGT
306. Retired IAS Officer Sanjay Kothari appointed as Central Vigilance

Commissioner
On April 25, 2020, retired IAS officer Sanjay Kothari was sworn in as the Central Vigilance
Commissioner (CVC) at Rashtrapati Bhavan. He was sworn in by President Ram Nath
Kovind.
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1. Highlights
Mr Kothari acted as the secretary to the President of India. He was replaced by Mr Kapil
Dev Tripathi on April 20, 2020. Mr Tripathi is a 1980 batch IAS officer. He was appointed
as CVC in February, 2020.
2. About CVC appointment

Mr Sanjay Kothari was recommended by a high-level selection panel. The panel was
headed by Prime Minister. The CVC is appointed by President based on the
recommendation of the committee. The committee consists of Leader of Opposition,
Minister of Home Affairs.
3. Role of CVC
The Central Vigilance Commissioner carries out corruption investigations against
government officials. However, such investigations can be carried out only after
permission of the Government. The CVC cannot direct the CBI officials to initiate
inquiries. The CVC does not have powers to register criminal cases, rather can deal only
with vigilance and disciplinary cases.
4. Vigilance Awareness Week

The Vigilance Awareness Week is celebrated every year in the last week of October. This
is because it coincides with the birthday of Sardar Vallabhai Patel.
307. What are Immunity Passports that are warned against by WHO?
The World Health Organization has recently warned against issuance of immunity
passports. The organization is against the concept as there is no evidence till now that
people who have recovered from COVID-19 or developed antibodies will not get infected
again.
1. What are Immunity Passports?

Immunity passports are provided to persons that have been recovered from COVId-19
and has tested positive to hold antibodies against the disease. The presence of
antibodies according to immunity passports say that the person will not get infected by
COVID-19 again.
2. What are the issues?

Though the idea of immunity passports has not been implemented widely, several
organizations are opposing on adopting the idea. This is because, it is unknown that how
long the antibodies formed against the COVID-19 lasts in human body. Also, it is
unknown if this strain of virus is similar to that of the other strains such as MERS (Middle
East Respiratory Syndrome) and SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory System).
3. Why Immunity Passports?

The countries that have imposed lock down are now trying to return to normalcy. It
would be convenient for the countries when the citizens hold such a pass like that of the
immunity passport. This will help in restricting movement of people actually infected and
allow others to lead a normal life.
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308. NAFED to distribute 6 lakh metric tonnes of pulses under PM Garib

Kalyan Ann Yojana
The National Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation of India (NAFED) is to

distribute 6 lakh metric tonnes of pulses to around 20 crore house holds under Pradhan
Mantri Garib Kalyan Ann Yojana. The work is to be undertaken by the scheme for 3
months.
1. Highlights
Under the Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Ann Yojana, every household is to receive 1
kilogram of pulses. The operation includes obtaining un-milled pulses from godowns,
cleaning them and sending them to the states for distribution through the Public
Distribution System. The NAFED under the scheme is to distribute more than 5.88 lakh
metric tonnes of pulses.

The pulses are distributed under the National food Security Act. The act was introduced
by GoI in 2013. The main aim of the act was to provide subsidized food grains to the
citizens. The annual allocation of food grains under NFSA is 610 Lakh tonnes. The act is
in line with sustainable goal of the United Nations. It is Goal 2 that aims to end hunger
by 2030
3. Current Scenario
Currently, around 100 Dal mills have been pulled into service. Around 17 state sand
union territories have started the distribution of pulses. This includes Assam, Andhra
Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, Rajasthan,
Odisha, Sikkim and Tamil Nadu.
April 26, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
309. What is “Ball Tampering” that is being considered by ICC recently?
The International Cricket Council (ICC) is considering to legalize ball tampering.
1. Context of the News

The ICC is considering to use an artificial substance under the supervision of umpires to
polish cricket balls as applying saliva risks the spread of COVID-19. The use of artificial
substance has been banned in cricket.
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2. What is ball tampering?
Ball Tampering is an action in which the player of the fielding team in cricket illegally
alters the condition of the ball. It is done to achieve favourable bowling conditions
against the batsman. Using sweat or spit to remove the mud or to polish the ball is
common and is allowed.
3. Why is sweat or spit used?

The sweat or spit is used to make the ball look shiny. The technique is used by the
bowlers after the ball gets older, mostly after 35 overs. The sweat or spit is used to
make one side shiny and the other side rough.
4. Physics behind using sweat or spit

The swing of the ball depends on three factors namely climatic conditions, shiny side
and behaviour of the pitch. The science of shiny side is applied in using sweat or spit.
5. Legislation
Under subsection 3 of the Laws of Cricket the ball shall be polished without use of
artificial substances. It can be dried with towel to remove the mud in the ball.
April 27, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
310. April 26: International Chernobyl Disaster Remembrance Day
Every year on April 26, the International Chernobyl Disaster Remembrance Day is being
observed. The day was proclaimed by the United Nations and was first observed in 2016.
1. Highlights
The International Chernobyl Disaster Remembrance Day was first observed on the 30th
anniversary of 1986 nuclear disaster. It is being marked to increase awareness about the
risks of nuclear energy in general.
2. Chernobyl Disaster
On April 26, 1986, the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in today’s Ukraine faced a fore
explosion. The reactor began to emit radioactive materials. Though, the casualties are
minimal, the radioactive materials are still present in the atmosphere and are posing
challenges to human survival in the region. Due to the accident, several children even
today are facing thyroid, cancer in the regions of Ukraine, Russia and Belarus.
3. Significance
The fire explosion spread huge radioactive cloud over Russia, Ukraine and Belarus. More
than 8.4 million people were exposed to radioactive waves. In 1991, the Chernobyl Trust
Fund was created by the United Nations. It is now being managed by the OCHA-Office for
the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs.
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4. Role of United Nations
The United Nations that was formed for world peace after second world war is keen in
addressing nuclear issues after the Hiroshima and Nagasaki incident.
311. April 26: World Intellectual Property Day
Every year, the World Intellectual Property Day is marked on April 26 to encourage
creativity and innovation. The day was established by the World Intellectual Property
Organization (WIPO) in 2000. This year, the World Intellectual Property Day is being
marked under the theme
1. Significance
The day is marked to celebrate inventors and creators working towards green future.
They work towards fossil fuel-based alternatives.
2. History
The world Intellectual Property Day was first proposed by the Chinese Delegation of
WIPO. It was approved by the United Nations General Assembly in 1999.
3. World Intellectual Property Organization

The WIPO is one of the 15 United Nations Specialized agencies. It was created to protect
and promote intellectual property. Around 26 intellectual treaties are administered by
WIPO. The headquarters of WIPO is located in Geneva, Switzerland.
4. What are Specialized Agencies of United Nations?

The Specialized Agencies are autonomous organizations of the United Nations that were
created on behalf of the organization. These specialized agencies are authorized to carry
out functions on behalf of the United Nations. They include
5. What is Intellectual Property?

The Intellectual Property are creations that are related to artistic works, literary works,
symbols, images and names used in commerce.
312. GoI plans to reduce dependency for drug intermediates and APIs
The Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT) has collaborated with LAXAI Life
Sciences to produce Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients inside India. This will help to
reduce dependence of pharmaceutical sector on Chinese imports.
1. Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients

The Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients are also known as bulk drugs. They are the main
part of the drugs that produce intended effects
2. APIs in India
India is the third largest producer of API in the world. Around two-third of the API of India
are imported from China according to the data presented in Lok Sabha by the Ministry of
Chemicals and Fertilizers.
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3. India’s measures so far to reduce dependency
In March 2020, the Government of India had constituted a committee under
chairmanship of CDSCO (Central Drugs Standard Control Organization) director Mr
Eshwara Reddy. The committee had suggested a package to revive the API industry.
4. Why is India lagging in API?

Indian manufacturers of APIs should control pollution economically and also be
competitive at the same time. This is the main reason India is lagging behind China in
API manufacturing.
5. Why is China leading in API?

China in 2015 allowed relaxation in environmental norms till 2015. This was the main
reason for the API industry to boom in China. However, it created environmental
disasters in the country that forced China to close around 150 API manufacturers
between 2016 and 2018.
313. Herbal Decongestant Spray developed by CSIR
The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Botanical Research Institute

(CSIR-NBRI) has developed herbal decongestant spray. The spray is used to prevent
COVID-19 infection and to ease wearing masks.
1. Highlights
Wearing mask for a long time creates difficulty in breathing and congestion in
respiratory system. The herbal spray will help to address this problem.
2. What causes difficulty in wearing masks?

The main issue of wearing face mask is that the carbon dioxide gets accumulated in the
inner cavity of the mask. The accumulated carbon dioxide goes back to the lungs when a
person breathes. This creates difficulty in breathing when a person wears mask for a
long time.
3. Decongestant Spray
The spray has been created by blending four plant-based oil. The CSIR has not disclosed
the names of the plants due to issues related to intellectual property rights. The spray
has been prepared based on the guidelines of Ministry of AYUSH.
4. CSIR-NBRI
The NBRI is a Lucknow based laboratory that mainly focuses on botanical research work.
The institute is to transfer technology to Indian companies for commercial production.
The masks then produced with the spray are to be sent to the frontline workers fighting
against COVID-19.
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314. India sends HCQ and sterile surgical gloves to Bangladesh
On April 27, 2020, India sent 1 lakh Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) tablets, 50,000 sterile
surgical gloves and other emergency medical supplies to Bangladesh.
1. Highlights
Earlier, India had provided 15,000 head covers and 30,000 surgical masks to Bangladesh
in the first tranche of assistance under COVID-19 emergency funds. The HCQ tablets and
surgical gloves are the second tranche of medical supplies being provided under the
funds.
2. SAARC
Following SAARC video conference, the health representatives and trade representatives
of the SAARC grouping discussed about trade facilitations and also about exchanging
best practices to fight COVID-19 on April 8.
3. Role of AIIMS
The All India Institute of Medical Science held a webinar for the SAARC medical
professionals. During the webinar, the health professional at AIIMS shared their
knowledge in COVID-19 management and also in capacity building. The initiative is being
held under ITEC of India.
4. COVID-19 Emergency Fund

The fund was created by PM Modi with India contributing 10 million USD. Maldives and
Bhutan contributed 200,000 USD and 100,000 USD respectively towards the funds.
Pakistan had contributed 3 million USD. Bangladesh, Afghanistan and Nepal have
contributed 1.5 million USD each. So far, the funds accumulated is 21.8 million USD.
315. LIGO detects first merger of two unequal-mass black holes
The scientists of Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Laboratory (LIGO) have

recently recorded the first merger of black holes that were of unequal masses.
1. Highlights
The black holes were 20 and 40 times the mass of the sun. One of the black holes was
29.7 solar masses and the other was 8.4 solar masses. Though they are heavier and
uneven, they are the lowest-mass black holes recorded so far.
2. The Findings
Black holes revolve around each other. When the black holes are of equal masses, they
return to the same position after they complete their revolution in each of their
respective orbits. Therefore, in these cases, the black holes generate gravitational wave
frequency that is twice their orbital frequency. On the other hand, the black holes of
uneven masses produce additional (second) weaker gravitational wave frequency.
3. Solar Mass
Solar Mass is the standard of mass in astronomy that is used to indicate masses of other
masses. One solar mass is equal to 2×1030 Kg.
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316. Lucknow Medical Hospital first in the country to launch Plasma

Treatment Therapy
On April 27, 2020, the King George Medical University in Uttar Pradesh became the first
government hospital to launch plasma therapy to treat COVID-19. The first dose of
plasma therapy was given to a 58-year old patient.
1. Highlights
The Drug Controller General of India (DGCI) recently cleared the proposal of plasma
therapy that was submitted by ICMR. The DGCI nodded to use plasma from recovered
COVID-19 patients.
2. What is the process?

The patients recovered from COVID-19 generate IGM and IGG antibodies against the
virus. These antibodies are assessed from the samples of the donors through rapid tests.
The plasma collected from the volunteering donors are then transfused into patients that
are critically sick due to the virus.
3. Current Scenario
The states and union territories such as Delhi, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh have begun to
use plasma therapy treatment. However, King George Medical University is the first to
use the treatment in government hospital.
4. History of the therapy in India

In India, the plasma therapy had been used to treat diseases such as mumps, measles,
polio and flu. The treatment was used before vaccines were available. Plasma therapy
was used to heal 1703 patients of Spanish flu in 1918.
317. India seeks help from IMF and World Bank to fill data gaps
The Government of India has approached multilateral organizations such as World Bank
and International Monetary Fund (IMF) to find out methods that will help in preparing
economic indicators such as retail inflation, industrial production and economic growth.
1. Highlights
In today’s world Data Inadequacy has become a global phenomenon. Hence, the Ministry
of Statistics and Programme Implementation is making steps to collaborate with global
institutions to address the problem. The inadequate and deficient data might affect the
reliability and accuracy of the indicators.

The National Statistical Office that is the nodal agency in data collection in the country is
facing serious challenges to do its work amidst COVID-19 crisis. The most challenging is
the CPI (Consumer Price Index). This is mainly because more than 50% of the CPI is from
food items.
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3. Current Scenario
The NSO is collecting data through phones where shops are open. The officials
associated with the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation are giving data
based on their personal shopping.
318. Pakistan test fires anti-ship missiles successfully
The Pakistan Navy on April 25, 2020, had successfully test fired anti-ship missiles in the
North Arabian sea.
1. Highlights
The missiles were fired at sea level from by aircraft and warships from the surface ships.
The Pakistan Navy sends strong signals of readiness to encounter enemies upon the
success of the testing.
2. Anti-Ship Missiles
The Anti-Ship Missiles are those missiles that are used against large boats and ships. The
first anti-ship missiles were developed by Germany during the reign of Hitler.
3. Indian Anti-ship missiles

The anti-ship missiles possessed by India includes BrahMos, Nirbhay, Dhanush, BrahMos
II and BrahMos NG. BrahMos missiles were jointly developed by India and Russia.
319. Hydrogen Fuel Bus and car launched by NTPC
The National Thermal Power Corporation recently launched ten Hydrogen Fuel Cell based
buses and 10 similar electric cars.
1. Highlights
The buses and cars were launched in New Delhi and Leh. Similar proposal is under
implementation in Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
2. Other initiatives of NTPC

NTPC has been taking several such initiatives to provide e-mobility solution for public
transport. This includes providing charging infrastructure and electric bus to state and
city transport systems.
3. Why electric buses?

The initiative undertaken by NTPC to procure hydrogen fueled buses is to decarbonize
transport system in the country.
4. Hydrogen Fuel Cell

The Hydrogen Fuel Cell use chemical process to convert hydrogen rich fuel into
electricity. The main advantage of fuel cells is that they need not be charged frequently.
They produce electricity as long as the fuel is available
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5. Benefits
The major benefits of hydrogen fuel cells include high efficiency, low to zero emissions,
fuel flexibility, quiet operation, durability and energy security.
320. SIPRI: India one among top three military spender
On April 27, 2020, the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) released
its report on military spending of different countries in the world. According to the report,
US, China and India are the three top most military spenders in 2019.
1. Highlights
Following the three top military spenders in the world, Russia and Saudi Arabia were on
the fourth and fifth places respectively. The top three military spenders accounted to
62% of the world military expenditure. However, it is the first time in the history of the
report that 2 Asian countries have occupied the top positions.
2. Global military expenditure

The total military expenditure increased by 3.6% in 2019 as compared to 2018. In 2019,
the global expenditure spent was 2 trillion USD. This is the highest expenditure spent
since 2008 global financial crisis.
According to the report, the military expenditure of India increased due to its increasing
tensions with Pakistan over the Kashmir issue. In 2019, India has spent 71.1 billion USD
over its military. This has increased by 6.8% as compared to 2018.
4. Highlights: USA
According to the report, the US is driving the military spending in the world largely. In
2019, the US had spent 732 billion USD for military. This is 5.3% higher than that of
2018.
321. RBI announces Special Liquidity Mutual Funds worth Rs 50,000

crores
On April 27, 2020, the Reserve Bank of India announced the special liquidity facility for
mutual funds of Rs 50,000 crores. The Reserve Bank of India is increasing liquidity flow
in capital markets as COVID-19 has imposed liquidity strains on mutual funds.
1. Highlights
The Special Liquidity Facility for Mutual Funds (SLF-MF) is to conduct repo operations for
90 days. Under the scheme, the banks shall submit their bids on any days between
Monday and Friday.
2. Key Features
The Funds are to be used by the banks exclusively to meet the following liquidity
requirements
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3. Held to Maturity
The Held to Maturity are debt securities that are acquired to hold it till maturity. It is
usually recorded as amortized cost in the financial statements of a company.
322. Largest hole in the Ozone Layer closes by itself
The C3S (Copernicus Climate Change Service) and CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere
Monitoring Service) confirmed that the hole in the Ozone layer has healed itself.
1. Highlights
The hole was 1 million square kilometres wide above the Arctic. The hole was identified
by the scientists in March 2020. It was formed due to unusual climatic conditions.
2. How did the hole close?

The main reason for the hole to heal by itself is the polar vortex. Also, according to the
scientists the closure of the hole is not due to the reduced pollution levels due to COVID-
19 lock down.
3. Threats
The hole possessed greater threats. It was the largest pole that was found in the history
of Ozone layer. If the hole had moved towards south, it would have created catastrophic
results in the mid latitudes.
4. Polar Vortex
The Polar Vortex is a winter phenomenon. Polar Vortex is cyclonic circular winds that
blow in the stratosphere from west to east. Polar Vortex extends from tropopause
through the stratosphere and into the mesosphere. When the vorticity is high, values of
ozone is minimum and the temperature is at its highest cold. Thus, the hole has closed
as the vorticity has decreased.
5. Ozone Layer
The Ozone Layer is a shield in the earth’s stratosphere that protects the planet from the
harmful UV radiation from the sun.
323. Five of the North Eastern States become COVID-19 free
On April 27, 2020, five of the eight north east states namely Manipur, Nagaland, Sikkim,
Tripura and Arunachal Pradesh have become COVID-19 free. The other three states
namely Meghalaya, Assam and Mizoram have not reported new cases. This was
announced by the Union Minister Dr Jitendra Singh.
1. Highlights
The announcement was made during the union minister’s interaction with the officials of
the North Eastern Council, North Eastern Regional Agricultural Marketing Corporation
and Cane and Bamboo Technology Centre.
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2. Mortality Rate
The mortality rate due to COVID-19 in India was 3.1% as compared to 7% at global level.
Till date, 22% of the COVID-19 infected persons have recovered. This includes 5,913
people all over the country.
3. Funds
The Government of India has allocated Rs 25 crores for the North Eastern States in its
initial stage. The allocation was done well before lock down begun in the country.
4. North Eastern Council

The North Eastern Council was constituted in 1971 by the act called North Eastern
Council Act. The Council was formed as an advisory body to balance the development in
the North Eastern areas. The council also provides suggestions on socio-economic
development of the region.
April 28, 2020
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324. WHO launches COVID-19 Tools (Act) Accelerator
The World Health Organization along with the other international leading organizations
such as Global Fund, UNTAID, CEPI, etc. has launched the COVID-19 Tools (Act)
Accelerator. The collaboration helps to speed up the development, production and
access to therapeutics, diagnostics and vaccines of COVID-19.
1. Highlights
The main of the collaboration is to make COVID-19 treatment available to both rich and
poor. The initiative has been launched based on the experience that during H1N1 Swine
Flu in 2009, the distribution of vaccines was not equitable. This was because only the
rich countries were able to purchase them.
2. US and WHO
The United States recently announced that it will stop its funding to WHO. The US
backed off accusing the organization being China-centric. China on the other hand,
donated 20 million USD in March and has now made an additional donation of 30 million
USD.
3. Funding to the United Nations

The United Nations is funded in two ways, one through mandatory payment and
voluntary contribution. The United Nations provided 22% of the general budget of the
organization and 28% of peacekeeping budget.
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325. Ruhdaar: Low Cost Mechanical Ventilator developed by IIT Bombay
Students from IIT Bombay, Islamic University of Science and Technology, NIT Srinagar
have come together to invent a low-cost ventilator called “Ruhdaar”.
1. About Ruhdaar
The cost of production of one ventilator is Rs 10,000. The design was initiated by the
first-year student of IIT Bombay from Kashmir. He began to design the ventilator after
learning that his home, the Kashmir Valley had only 97 ventilators in all.
2. Measures by GoI
In order to increase the number of ventilators in the country, the Government of India
has been implementing two-pronged approach. One is to increase domestic production
of ventilators and the other is to search for supplies from different parts of the world.
The latter option is challenging as ventilators are of high demand in every country.
3. Significance
The COVID-19 infection curve has begun to flatten and the outbreak is under control.
According to the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, around 80% of the Indian
population infected with COVID-19 are experiencing mild illness, 15% will need oxygen
support and only 5% will need ventilators. Though the numbers seem less, the demand
may increase as India currently consists of only 40,000 ventilators according to Health
Ministry. Therefore, it is essential to invent new models and become self-sufficient in
ventilators.
326. United Nations warns of “Hunger Crisis”
The United Nations recently has warned of “hunger pandemic” due to COVId-19. Apart
from COVID-19, the other factors that are to contribute to the crisis include wars in Syria,
crisis in Lebanon and desert locusts destroying crops in East Africa.
1. Highlights
The COVID-19 outbreak according to the organization is to starve more than 130 million
people. Also, the poor will be hit hard due to the decline in exports, tourism and collapse
in oil prices. Also, there is a huge decline in foreign aid.
2. UN Predictions
The UN says that around 300,000 people are expected to lose their lives due to lack of
food for a period of three months.
3. Need of the moment

The World Food Programme is currently in need of 1.9 billion USD in order to stockpile
food in countries that are at risk of starving. If not addressed, there are possibilities of
severe famines.
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4. World Food Programme
The WFP is the food assistance branch of United Nations. It is the largest humanitarian
organization that addresses hunger and promotes food security. It works to eradicate
hunger and malnutrition. It was established in 1961.
327. COVID Action Collab: Platform to test COVID-19 in Sewage
The COVID Action Collab is an initiative by group of experts. The main aim of the
initiative is to address issues created by the COVID-19 pandemic. It especially focuses on
the poor and the vulnerable. The organization is now to test sewage for the presence of
COVId-19 virus. Over 150 organizations have come together to make the initiative a
success.
1. Highlights
The COVID-19 patients shed the virus through stools and urine. Currently there are no
significant steps taken to detect the virus in sewage. Also, there are no significant
measures to segregate the wastes of COVID-19 infected persons. Even, in certain cities,
persons that are home quarantined and infected with COVID-19 do not have separate
waste collection system.
2. Benefits
The system being developed to detect COVID-19 in the sewage waste will also help to
identify COVID-19 patients that have not disclosed to the government. This is to be done
by mapping waste collection areas, narrowing down people infected with virus.
3. About COVID Action Collab

The main objective of the initiative COVID Action Collab is to diagnose COVID-19 early, to
prevent new infections and to treat the disease with care. The three main strategies of
the collaboration is as follows
328. WHO map includes Ladakh as Chinese Territory
The World Health Organization has recently showed the parts of Ladakh as Chinese
territory in its map. The region has been shown as dotted line and colour code. Also, the
regions of Jammu and Kashmir and Pakistan occupied Kashmir has been shown as dotted
line. Dotted line suggest that the region is a disputed territory.
1. Highlights
Many of the United Nations maps show parts of Kashmir as disputed region. However,
this is the first time a UN body has shown Ladakh region in different colour. This new
map of WHO differs from the standard depiction of the UN by not showing parts of
Jammu and Kashmir that are under actual control of India. The region that are actually
under the control of India has different colour.
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2. India-China Border Issue
Pakistan had given up its power over the PoK (Pakistan Occupied Kashmir) in 1960s.
Today China occupies 37,000 square kilometre in Ladakh. Also, China included parts of
Arunachal Pradesh within its territory earlier this month.
3. Map of China
The Map of China till today was based on its 1989 edition of Sky Map. This map was
created after China sorted its border issues with Central Asian countries and Russia. The
Sky Map has now updated its geographic information claiming the Tibet region bordering
Bhutan and India. China also claims that Arunachal Pradesh is a part of South Tibet.
329. Exercise Pitch Black Cancelled
The biennial warfare exercise hosted by Royal Australian Air Force was cancelled due to
COVID-19 threats.
1. Exercise Pitch Black

The main aim of the exercise is to practice Defensive Counter Air combat and Offensive
Counter Air Combat. The exercise is held in Northern Australia. The first pitch black
exercise took place in June 1981.
2. History
In 1990, the exercise began its training including Singapore. Later on, slowly, it began to
spread to other international forces.
3. 2006
In 2006, for the first time, more countries participated in the exercise. It included
Thailand, Singapore, UK, US and Australia.
4. 2008
In 2008, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization also joined the exercise. The NATO was
formed in 1949. It is an intergovernmental military alliance between 30 North American
and European countries.
5. 2010
In 2010, New Zealand, Singapore and Thailand alone were the participants. The exercise
was then held in 2012, 2014, 2016 and also in 2018.
6. India in the exercise

In 2018, India participated in the exercise for the first time. Around 131 aircraft were
involved and more than 4,000 personnel participated in the exercise. This also included
Canada, France, Australia, Germany, Netherlands, Indonesia, Thailand, US, Malaysia.
7. India-Australia
The bilateral and defence relations between India and Australia has gone up in the
recent years. The countries jointly hold AUSINDEX, naval exercise with more than 1000
personnel participating in the exercise.
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330. Guidelines to use Air Conditioners issued by Central Public Works

Department
The Central Public Works Department has issued guidelines to use air conditioners
during COVID-19 pandemic. The guidelines have been issued as Air conditioner usages
are to increase with the arrival of Summer in the country.
1. Highlights
The guidelines were prepared by the Indian Society of Heating Refrigerating and Air
Conditioner Engineers (ISHRAE). The association shared the guidelines with the Central
Public Works Department. The CPWD has made necessary changes and has issued to the
public.
2. The Guidelines
According to the guidelines, the ideal temperature to be maintained while operating an
air conditioning system is between 24 degree Celsius and 30 Degree Celsius. The
relative humidity should be maintained between 40% and 70%. The other guidelines are
as follows
331. April 28: World Day for Safety and Health at Work
Every year the World Day for Safety and Health at Work is observed on April 28. With
COVID-19 pandemic creating great challenges for governments, workers and employers,
this year the day is to focus on addressing outbreak of infectious diseases at work.
1. Highlights
The day aims to stimulate national tripartite dialogue that convened on safety and
health. The day is being observed by the International Labour Organization since 2003.
2. International Labour Organization

The celebration of the day is a part of Global Strategy on Occupational Safety and
Health. ILO also observes International Commemoration Day for Dead and Injured
Workers on April 28. This is being observed since 1996.
3. Significance
It is important to mark the day to address emerging risks at work. This includes risks in
new and emerging technologies and their production processes. For instance,
biotechnology and nanotechnology. Also, the day creates awareness about new working
conditions. This includes work intensification, higher work loads, challenging conditions
associated with migration.
4. Current Scenario
With COVID-19 creating crisis all over the world, it is important to bring about adequate
safety and health measures at work place. The collaboration of governments, workers
and employers both nationally and internationally is the only solution to handle COVID-
19.
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332. International Financial Services Centre Authority established by GoI
The Government of India has established International Financial Services Centre

Authority. The headquarters of the authority is to be established in Gandhinagar,
Gujarat.
1. Highlights
The Authority was established through a notification. The notification issued by the GoI
brings into effect certain effects of IFSCA Act, 2019. The authority will regulate financial
markets in the International Financial Service Centres in India. The main function of the
authority is to regulate financial products such as contracts of insurance, deposits,
securities of the financial institutions that have been approved by regulators. The
regulators include RBI, SEBI, Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority,
IRDAI.
2. International Financial services Centres Authority

The authority consists of 9 members that are appointed by the Government of India. The
members are to have a term of three years. The members include Chairperson, two
members from Ministry of Finance, one each from RBI, SEBI, IRDAI and PFRDA and two
members based on the recommendation of search committee
3. International Financial Service Centre

The IFSC will provide fund raising services to corporates, individuals and governments. It
will also look into global tax management, wealth management, merger, risk
management operations, etc.
333. ADB approves 1.5 billion USD for India to fight COVID-19
On April 28, 2020, the Asian Development Bank approved 1.5 billion USD loan to support
the Indian Government in its actions against the spread of COVID-19 crisis. The fund is to
be used in disease containments, social protection and disease prevention.
1. Highlights
The loan sanctioned by the ADB is to be used for social protection of economically
vulnerable sections and the poor. Recently, ADB had approved 2.2 billion USD support
package for India. Apart from ADB, the AIIB (Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank) had
allocated 500 million USD to India to strengthen its health care system. The World Bank
has also announced 1 billion USD support to India.
2. AIIB
The AIIB began its operations in 2016. It aims to alleviate health care pressures, to
provide liquidity support and credit lines and finally to provide budgetary support to the
governments.
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3. ADB
The Asian Development Bank was established in 1966 to promote social and economic
development in Asia. It was modeled so close to the World Bank. There were only 31
members at time of its establishment. However, currently there are more than 68
members.
334. BRICS Foreign ministers to attend COVID-19 meeting
The foreign ministers of the BRICS grouping are to discuss on measures to combat
COVID-19. External Affairs Minister Shri S Jaishankar is to represent India at the meet.
1. Highlights
The video conference is to be hosted by Russia as it is the current rotating head. The
ministers are to discuss possible joint measures to fight against the highly contagious,
fast spreading and dangerous COVID-19.
2. BRICS
BRICS was established in 2009 and is the acronym of the members Brazil, Russia, India,
China and South Africa. All the five BRICS members are the members of G20.
3. BRICS representations
The five members of the BRICS grouping contribute to 41% of the world population. The
combined GDP of the five countries as of 2018 was 18.6 trillion USD.
4. Why is BRICS important for India?

There is a huge tug of war between the super powers US and China-Russia. India is stuck
in the middle between the super powers. The BRICS platform is a good opportunity for
India to balance its relations between these super powers
335. Anti-Leprosy Drug Trials started by CSIR against COVID-19
The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research has started the trials of anti-leprosy
drug trials against COVID-19. The drug trial is to be conducted with the help of
Mycobacterium MW.
1. Highlights
The Mycobacterium MW is a heat killed bacteria. It is to be tried on different COVID-19
patients. The drug trial was approved by the Drug Controller General of India. One
particular strain of bacteria called the Mycobacterium MW is to be tried on several
COVID-19 patients. The drug has already proved its effectivity against leprosy.
2. Phytopharmaceuticals
The Phytopharmaceuticals are herbal medicines. They contain one or more plant
products as Active Ingredients. Phytopharmaceuticals are preferred to synthetic drugs as
their benefit-risk ratios are higher.
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3. What is Mycobacterium MW?
Mycobacterium MW is a strain of mycobacterium. It is a non-pathogenic, non-specific
immune potentiating, rapidly growing atypical mycobacterium. This strain of bacteria
shares a common T and B cell determinants with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and
Mycobacterium leprae.
4. About the Trial

Along with CSIR Gujarat based pharma-giant Cadila Pharmaceuticals will also join the
Mycobacterium trial. The hospitals that are to participate in the trial includes AIIMS
Delhi, AIIMS Chandigarh and AIIMS Bhopal.
April 29, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
336. Jal Shakti Abhiyan: Monsoon steps begun
The Jal Shakti Abhiyan has taken all measures to boost the rural economy and combat
present health crisis created by COVID-19. Also, the scheme is to use large availability of
rural labour forces (due to lock down).
1. Highlights
The Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) had recently announced that the monsoon
rains in the country are to be normal. With this, the Jal Shakti Abhiyan had made
preparations to conserve water and recharge and replenish water sources.
2. Jal Shakti Abhiyan

The Jal Shakti Abhiyan was launched in 2019. So far, the scheme has covered over 256
water stressed districts in the country. It is the largest mass movement in India that
brings all stakeholders under one ambit. This is because more than 6 and half crore
people are part of it. This includes central government, state governments, Panchayati
raj institutions, etc.
3. MNREGS
The Ministry of Home Affairs recently allowed Mahatma Gandhi Rural Employment
Guarantee Scheme to work on water conservation and irrigation works. The Jal Shakti
Abhiyan will now use these forces as well.
337. India attends Petersberg Climate Dialogue
On April 28, 2020, Union Minister of Environment, Forest and Climate change Shri
Prakash Javadekar attended the 11th session of “Petersberg Climate Dialogue”
representing India.
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1. Highlights
The dialogue was hosted by Germany. It was co-chaired by United Kingdom. Over 30
countries participated in the dialogue. The dialogue discussed about measures to tackle
COVID-19, save lives and to overcome social and economic consequences of the
disease. It also discussed about the preparatory steps in moving into the implementation
phase of Paris Agreement.
2. India at the dialogue

India suggested to have a Climate Technology that is open to everyone at affordable
cost. India also suggested to create 1 trillion USD grant to the developing world
immediately.
3. About the Dialogue

The Dialogue is being organized by Germany since the failure of Copenhagen Summit in
2009. The dialogue is usually attended by the Environmental Ministers.
4. Copenhagen Summit
The Copenhagen Summit failed to deliver a climate deal. The 2009 United Nations
Climate Change Conference (UNFCCC) is commonly known as Copenhagen Summit. It
was held in Copenhagen, Denmark.
5. Other major UNFCCC

In 2010, the Green Climate Fund was established. In 2012, the Kyoto Protocol was
adopted. In 2015, the Paris Agreement was adopted.
338. Mobile Kiosk for COVID-19 Sample Testing used in Agartala Smart
City
The smart city, Agartala has implemented a mobile kiosk for sample collection. The kiosk
makes sure there are no wastages in Personal Protective Equipment and also ensures
protection to sample collecting medical professionals.
1. Highlights
The kiosk running on three-wheeler vehicle enables navigation and helps in collection of
samples from the community. There is no need for the patients to reach hospitals to give
samples. The kiosk also helps in mass testing.
2. Austerity Measures
The Tripura Government has announced “austerity measures” to reduce expenditure
and focus on optimum utilization of central government resources. The government
office expenses were to be reduced by 15%. All the Government offices were instructed
to make optimum utilization of their resources. They were strictly instructed to reduce
telephone bills, power by 10%.
3. Agartala Smart City

The smart city project of Agartala was implemented at a cost of Rs 357 crores. The Asian
Development Bank also funded by providing soft loans. Around Rs 2,000 crores were
sanctioned in all by both the central and state governments.
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339. NTRO: Increase in Cyber Attacks due to work from home
On April 29, 2020, the National Technical Research Organization has reported that the
number of cyber attacks in the country has increased due to the work from home
scenario. According to the report, the critical sectors may fall prey to inimical forces to
relax geofencing restrictions that are granted to employees.
1. Highlights
The report says that many sectors including public enterprises, government
undertakings, banking, power, telecom, transport, energy are susceptible to attacks.
This has occurred mainly because several companies had relaxed their geofencing
restrictions in order to allow their employees to work from home.

Several cyber criminals have gone to an extent of impersonating officials from health
organizations and other government enterprises, seek donations through malicious e-
mail attachments.
3. Government Actions
In order to reduce this, the Ministry of Home Affairs has instructed the firms in the
country to track all CRUD (Create, Read, Update and Delete) activities in their IdAM
(Identity and Access Management). Also, the ministry has asked the firms to stay
resilient against ransomware attacks.
4. National Technical Research Organization

The NTRO was set up in 2004. It is a technical intelligence agency that acts under the
National Security Advisor of India in the Prime Minister Office. There are controversies
that the NTRO is not yet completely functional. It requires more than 98 million USD to
make the organization completely equipped.
340. Common Service Centres of GoI to take over E-Commerce in rural

areas
On April 29, 2020, the Government of India announced that the Common Service
Centres will now take over village level online retail chain. The step is expected to reach
more than 60 crores of people in rural region.
1. Highlights
The Common Service Centres are to take over the jobs of E-commerce Giants Flipkart
and Amazon in the rural regions. The initiative is promoted by Government of India. The
village-level online retail chains are being created to address the difficulties created by
the restrictions imposed on mobility. GoI has plans to provide massive essential supplies
through this initiative.
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2. Common Service Centres
The Common Service Centres are to supply essential commodities like milk, vegetables,
fruits, pulses, etc. The consumers shall place their orders at these centres through
special applications.
341. HCARD: Robot to assist COVID-19 frontline warriors
On April 29, 2020, the robotic device HCARD, Hospital Care Assistive Robotic Device was
launched to help frontline health care workers. The robot will help them in maintaining
physical distance from the COVID-19 infected persons.
1. Highlights
The HCARD was developed by CSIR laboratory located in Durgapur. The device is
capable of working in both automatic and manual mode. It can be monitored and
controlled using a control station or a nursing booth. The cost of the device is Rs 5 lakhs
and it weighs 80 kilograms.
2. About HCARD
The HCARD works on war footing mechanism to reduce the impact of COVID-19 through
technological interventions. The device has drawers that will provide food to patients.
The device will also collect samples from patients.
3. Significance
The device is important to save the public and help in optimal use of Personal Protective
Equipment. With the robot being employed at hospitals, the chances of medical
professionals such as lab technicians, nurses or doctors meeting or interacting with the
patients decreases and so does the usage of PPEs. Also, the medical professionals
working in the frontline, with direct contact with the COVID-19 infected patients shall
remain safe.
342. CSIR Technology of Electrostatic Disinfection transferred for

Commercialization
The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research – Central Scientific Instrument

Organization (CSIR-CSIO) has developed a technology for sanitization and effective
disinfection. The CSIR-CSIO has transferred the technology to a Nagpur based company
Rite Water Solutions Private Limited.
1. Highlights
The Disinfectant technology has been found to be highly effective and efficient to stop
the spread of any pathogen. The machine has been developed based on the electrostatic
principle.
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2. About the machine
The machine produces fine and uniform droplets of disinfectants that kills micro
organisms including virus. The main advantage of the machine is that it uses minimum
limited disinfectant as compared to other conventional and manual methods.
3. How is the device different?

The device sprays charges droplets of disinfectants. As the droplets are charged, they
can cover obscured surfaces as well. This improves the efficiency and efficacy of the
device to reach hidden areas. The hidden areas always have greater possibility of
viruses.
4. Swasth Bharat Abhiyan

The technology of electrostatic sprayer contributes to healthy life style and health care
of the masses. It is directly linked to Swasth Bharat Abhiyan. The Swasth Bharat Abhiyan
is implemented by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. The yatra under the
scheme was led by FSSAI.
343. Alzheimer Inhibitor developed by Jawaharlal Nehru Centre of

Advanced Scientific Research
The scientists of Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR)
operating under Department of Science and Technology has invented a natural product
for Alzheimer disease.
1. Significance
Alzheimer’s is a disorder that accounts for more than 70% of all types of dementia. It is
difficult to develop effective medication for the disease as the disease attributes to
multifaceted toxicity.
2. Ber-D
The Ber-D invented prevents generation of Reactive Oxygen Species. It rescues
biomacromolecules from oxidative damages. It prevents the accumulation of metal-
dependent and independent Amyloid Beta. Amyloid Beta are the peptides of amino acids
that build up around the brain cells.
3. Cause of Alzheimer
The disease is caused due to abnormal build up of protein around the brain cells.
Proteins are made up of amino acids. Therefore, the drug invented prevents deposition
of these proteins called Amyloid Beta around the brain cells.
344. Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation: Economic Decline of 2.7%

expected in the region
The Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation has stated that the APEC region is to face an
economic decline of 2.7% in 2020 due to the impact of COVID-19. Also, the region is to
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face near growth rate. This will be the highest decline for the region since the 2008
financial crisis.
1. Highlights
The unemployment rate according to the report of APEC was 3.8% in 2019 and it is to
increase to 5.4% in 2020. The region is also expected to face an economic rebound in
the year 2021. The anticipated growth of the region in the 2021 is 6.3%.
2. APEC
APEC comprises of Vietnam, US, Thailand, Taiwan, Singapore, Russia, Philippines, Peru,
Papua New Guinea, New Zealand, Mexico, Malaysia, Republic of Korea, Japan, Indonesia,
Hong Kong, China, Chile, Canada, Brunei and Australia.
3. India and APEC

India is not a member of APEC. For the first time, India was invited to be an observer in
the association in 2011. India has requested for membership in APEC and had received
the support from Japan, US, Papua New Guinea and Australia. There are constraints
faced by India to join APEC as India does not border Pacific Ocean.
345. Task force on National Infrastructure Pipeline submits its report
On April 29, 2020, the task force on National Infrastructure Pipeline has submitted its
final report to Finance Minister Nirmala Sitaraman. The report has been prepared for the
year 2019-25.
1. Highlights
The summary of the report prepared by the task force on National Infrastructure Pipeline
had already been released in December 2019. The Finance Minister in her Union Budget
Speech 2019-20 had announced Rs 100 lakhs crore for the National Infrastructure
Pipeline.
2. Recommendations
The following recommendations were made by the task force
3. National Infrastructure Pipeline

The National Infrastructure Pipeline is the first of its kind. It aims to improve quality life
of the citizens in the country. The project will aim to attract investments. It has set a
target of making India a 5 trillion USD economy by 2025.
4. Functions of the Task Force

The Task Force was constituted to identify financially economical and feasible
infrastructure. It was tasked to estimate the annual infrastructure investment and capital
costs. Also, the task force was employed to monitor projects in order to minimize costs.
5. Infrastructure Vision 2025

The GoI has framed the Infrastructure Vision 2025. The main aspirations of the vision are
as follows
178
346. Lock Down improves water quality of Ganges
The Lock Down imposed in the country on March 22, 2020 has improved air quality and
water quality. According to CPCB (Central Pollution Control Board), 40 million litres of
waste water enters water bodies.
1. The Ganges
The water pollution of a river is measured based on Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD).
The Ganga has become dump yard for industrial waste and untreated sewage. Since
1985, several schemes and programmes have been launched to clean Ganga starting
with Ganga Action Plan I. Later in 2015, the biggest initiative Namami Gange was
launched.
2. After COVID-19
After lock down, the real time monitoring data from the CPCB say that out of 36
monitoring points of the Ganges, 27 are now clean and suitable for wildlife and fisheries
propagation.
3. Reasons
The major reasons for the improvement in the water quality is that activities such as
bathing, tourism, fairs near the ghats were stopped. Also, the major industrial activities
around the river were stopped.
347. IMD released list of 169 new names of Tropical Cyclones
The Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) has released 169 new names for the
tropical cyclones in the Indian Ocean Region.
1. Highlights
The names were contributed by 13 countries namely India, Sri Lanka, Maldives,
Myanmar, Oman, Thailand, Qatar, UAE, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Pakistan, Bangladesh and
Iran. The decision to create new list of cyclones was taken during the 45th session of
Panel on Tropical Cyclones (PTC) held by World Meteorological Organization.
2. Rules in fixing names

The names should have the following rules
3. Regional Specialize Meteorological Centre

The RSMC in New Delhi is responsible to name the cyclones in the region of Bay of
Bengal and Arabian Sea. The suggestion of names of cyclones in these regions including
Northern Indian is given by countries such as India, Bangladesh, Maldives, Myanmar,
Pakistan, Oman, Sri Lanka and Thailand.
179
348. GRID 2020 report: Over 5 million displaced in India in 2019
The Global Report on Internal Displacement, GRID 2020 released by Internal

Displacement Monitoring Centre, IDMC said that over 5 million people have displaced in
India in 2019. According to the report, this is the highest in the world.
According to the report, around 33.4 million people faced displacements in the world due
to conflicts and disasters. They are spread in 145 countries. In 2019, around 75% of the
disasters were triggered by disasters. Out of these, 95% were due to weather hazards
such as floods and storms.
According to the report, social and economic vulnerability, hazard intensity and high
population were the major reasons for the displacement. The report says that 2.6 million
people in India suffered displacement due to south west monsoon. Around 19,000 faced
displacement in the country due to conflicts. They were mainly high in the regions of
West Bengal and Tripura.
3. Solutions
The report demands greater political support. It also suggests increased investment in
development sectors and humanitarian sectors.
180
GKTODAY
Current Affairs [PDF] - May 1-31, 2020
: ननन नन
न
1
Contents
May 1, 2020
1. India ranks 53rd in Budget Transparency and Accountability
2. G20 Digital Economy Ministers meet held through video conference
3. India placed on the “Priority Watch List” for Intellectual Property Protection by the US
4. India-China Ceremonial Border Meet on “Labour Day” cancelled due to COVID-19
5. Hezbollah classified as Terrorist Organization by Germany
6. GI Tag to Manipur Black Rice, Gorakhpur Terracotta and Kovilpatti Kadalai Mittai
7. ATULYA: Microwave sterilizer to disintegrate COVID-19 developed
8. Actor Rishi Kapoor died of Leukemia
9. YASH launched by Department of Science and Technology
10. AYURAKSHA Programme organized by Delhi Police
11. ECI to conduct biennial election to Maharashtra Legislative Council
12. India’s New representative of UN; India to become member of UNSC
13. USAID to provide 3 million USD for India’s PAHAL project
May 2, 2020
14. Kisan Sabha Application developed by CSIR launched
15. E-Nam: 200 new Mandis integrated
16. Five more states/UTs added under “One Nation One Ration Card”
17. Environment Ministry Clears New Parliament at Rs 922 crores
18. Kashmir Saffron receives GI Tag
19. GoI directs to include Chakma and Hajong in COVID-19 relief programme
20. GoI: Rebate of State and Central Taxes Scheme in the form of Scrips
21. May 2: World Tuna Day
22. May 2: International Astronomy Day
23. NSTMIS report: India placed 3rd in scientific publication
24. ICC Ranking: India declines from top position to third
25. New Code by Indian Scientists to study magnetosphere of the earth
May 3, 2020
26. IDEAthon launched by Jal Shakti ministry
27. Core sector Growth of India hit due to Lock Down
28. Project Monitoring Unit launched by Ministry of Coal
May 4, 2020
29. Third Phase of Lock Down begins
30. Second Installment of Rs 500 deposited under Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana
31. Bharat Market: National E-Commerce Marketplace launched by CAIT
32. USFDA approves emergency use of an investigational vaccine, Remdesivir
33. eCovSens developed by National Institute of Animal Biotechnology
34. What is COVID Toe?
35. India to attend NAM Summit
36. African Swine Flu in Assam
37. Bamboo Conclave held through video Conference
38. Arogya Setu Mitr launched
39. Draft Guidelines issued for Satellite TV channels
40. Saras Collection launched on the Government E-Marketplace portal, GeM
41. UV Blaster: Disinfection Tower developed by DRDO
42. May 4: International Firefighters Day
May 5, 2020
43. GoI completes integrating Cold Chain Projects
44. Smart City Programme: Control rooms in 50 cities for Lock Down 3.0
45. West Bengal Red Flagged by the Inter-Ministerial Team
46. Indian American appointed as US representative to IBRD
2
47. “Special Corona Fee” imposed on Liquor by Delhi Government
48. Global Report on Food Crisis, 2020
49. What is Corona Virus Copy Machine?
50. Commonwealth Youth Games postponed to 2023
51. Israel isolates key antibody of COVID-19
52. EPFO Scheme: Rs 764 crore released to the pensioners
53. May 5: World Asthma Day
54. First Arktika-M satellite to be launched by Russia
May 6, 2020
55. Operation “Samudra Setu” launched by Indian Navy
56. Portal GARUD launched by DGCA
57. NITI Aayog launches “Nana Nani Abhiyan”
58. 3 Schemes launched by Jharkhand to increase MNREGA working days
59. “Nigah” Scheme to be launched by Himachal Pradesh Government
60. Russia awards North Korean Leader Kim Jong Un a commemorative war medal
61. CMIE: Unemployment rate climbs to 27.1%
62. “Lost At Home”: A Report released by UNICEF
63. Indian American nominated as OECD Envoy by the US President Trump
64. Corona Virus Global Response International Pledging Conference held
65. Uttar Pradesh Government launches “Ayush Kavach” application
66. CCMB: Only centre pooling COVID-19 samples, To Culture virus in human lung cell
67. New Agro MSME Policy to be implemented
May 7, 2020
68. May 7: “Vesak”, the Day of Full Moon
69. IMD includes PoK and Gilgit-Baltistan
70. For the first time in India: More rural Internet users than Urban
71. BEE initiatives lead to Rs 89,122 crores
72. Vandhe Bharat Mission: The Biggest Evacuation Exercise begins
73. Iran: New Currency introduced to tackle Inflation
74. GoI to launch Farmers’ Movement on Integrated Soil Nutrient Management
75. Iraq new Prime Minister: Mustafa Al Kadhimi
76. GOI launches three AYUSH based Researches
77. Long March 5B: China’s new Rocket launch successful
78. India begins Clinical Trials of AYUSH medicines
79. Vizag Gas Tragedy leaked Styrene Gas
May 8, 2020
80. UNEP: Actress Dia Mirza’s term as Goodwill Ambassador extended
81. ICAR prepared fisheries guidelines become part of FAO
82. Ordinance passed by UP to suspend labour laws
83. India Russia to sign MoU on Coking Coal
84. May 8-9: Time of Remembrance and Reconciliation for Those who Lost their Lives during Second World
War
85. Indian Scientists develop energy efficient photodetector for security applications
86. May 8: World Thalassemia Day
87. What is “The Resistance Front” in news frequently?
88. NSAFE: First antimicrobial and washable Face Mask
89. National Land Management Corporation recommended by National Infrastructure Pipeline Task Force
90. UN launches 6.7 billion USD for vulnerable countries
91. Royal Bengal Tigers in Sundarbans increase to 96
May 9, 2020
92. Massive Exercise to supply pulses and food grains to 80 crore people
93. India Post delivers testing kits from ICMR
94. INR-USD Futures and Options Contracts launched by Finance Minister
95. Defence Ministry signs MoU with TATA Power to modernize 37 airfields
96. May 9: World Migratory Bird Day
3
97. CSIR begins clinical trials of two drugs
98. Amendments to Prime Minister Research Fellowship Scheme (PMRF)
99. GoI sets up Centre of Excellence for coir applications
100. AIIB approves 500 million USD for India
101. May 9: Birth Anniversary of Maharana Pratap Singh I
102. IEA Report: Global Energy Review, 2020
103. NMITLI Programme of CSIR to conduct “hmAbs” trial to neutrialize COVID-19
May 10, 2020

104. UN released commemorative stamp on 40th anniversary of Small Pox Eradication
105. Shekatkar Committee: Abolition of 9,304 Military Engineering Services
106. SC places Cooperative banks under SARFAESI Act
107. GoI launches “Mission Sagar”
May 11, 2020

108. May 11: National Technology Day
109. DHRUVs: UV based Sanitizer by DRDO to sanitize phones
110. ICMR to develop COVID-19 Vaccine
111. NGT Order of Vizag Gas Tragedy: What is Strict Liability Vs Absolute Liability?
112. Birth rate, death rate & IMR data released by Registrar General of India
113. COVID KAVACH: India’s first indigenous ELISA Test Kit for COVID-19
114. Central Panel recommends to ban use of TB drugs on crops
115. Maharashtra CM Uddhav Thackeray to enter Legislature: The Constitutional Features
116. GoI launches Suraksha Store Initiative
117. Pranavayu Programme launched in Karanataka
118. May 12: International Nurse Day
119. 117 new Mandis integrated to E-NAM platform
May 12, 2020

120. Atal Pension Yojana completes 5 years
121. Passenger Train services partially restored
122. MSME: Technology Centres help to manufacture micro parts of COVID-19 kits
123. Ash Barges are increasing Concerns of Ecology of Sundarbans
124. Facts Box: “State of the World’s Nursing Report 2020”
125. Impacts of lock down on Family Planning
126. GoI releases Rs 6,195 crores of funds to 14 states
127. Ministry of MSME launches “Champions Portal”
128. Sero Survey by ICMR and NCDC
129. MP, the First State to launch innovative Scheme “FIR Aapke Dwar Yojana”
130. “SWASTHVAYU”: India creates record developing ventilator in 36 days
May 13, 2020

131. India State-Level Disease Burden Initiative: Mortality Rate dropped by 49%
132. United States provides 3.6 million USD assistance to India
133. GoI announces Lock Down 4.0 with economic package of Rs 20 lakh crores
134. Under 17 FIFA Women World Cup to begin in 2021
135. ICMR to conduct household survey
136. Finance Ministry begins Annual Exercise
137. WHO: Cases of Malaria, TB and AIDS are to increase
138. CO2 Emissions of India falls in 4 decades
139. PM Modi announces Atma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan
140. Jal Jeevan Mission: J&K, Haryana to provide Tap Connections to all by 2022
141. Men are more vulnerable to COVID-19 than women: How and Why?
142. Rs 20 Lakh crore Economic Package: MSME, EPF, NBFC, MFI, Real Estate Benefited
May 14, 2020

143. Global Energy Transition Index: India ranks 74th
144. COVID-19: Rs 3,100 crores allocated from PM CARES Funds
145. ICMR issues Guidelines for Antibody Test Kits
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146. KVIC to implement “Vocal for Local” initiative; Issues Guidelines
147. WHO releases Global Nutrition Report, 2020
148. What is “Direct Seeding of Rice” being encouraged amongst farmers?
149. India attends 7 nation meeting initiated by USA
150. CSIR and AYUSH Ministry begin clinical trials of four Ayurvedic Drugs
151. India attends SCO meeting
152. FAO Report: Global Forest Resources Assessment, 2020
153. PM-KISAN Scheme: Rs 18,517 crores released
154. COVID-19: ICMR participates in Global Solidarity Trials of WHO
155. Rs 20,000 lakh crore of Atma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan: Second Tranche Announced
May 15, 2020

156. COBAS 6800: India’s first automated COVID-19 testing machine
157. United Nations releases World Economic Situation and Prospects Report, 2020
158. SAMARTH scheme implemented by NIT Kurukshetra
159. India attends Common Wealth Health Ministers Meet
160. India attends second G20 Virtual Trade and Investment Ministers Meet
161. What is “Collective Conscience” invoked by Indian Courts in Death Penalty cases?
162. Group of Ministers submitted draft proposal on Employment and Skill Development
163. New Scheme for Diary Sector: GoI subsidizes interest rates on working capital
164. India finds a tool to get deeper insight into Parkinson’s Disease
165. GI Tag provided to Telangana’s Telia Rumal and Jharkhand’s Sohrai Khovar painting
166. Investment Capacity of India in renewable sector reached 500-700 billion USD
167. What is Event Bolt Malware in news recently?
168. Third Tranche of Rs 20 lakh Economic Package announced
May 16, 2020

169. Light Weight Carbon Foam Batteries developed by CSIR
170. Injectable Silk-Fibroin based Hydrogel developed by JNCASR
171. Defence Testing Infrastructure Scheme approved
172. ICGS Sachet Commissioned in Goa: First Coast Guard Offshore Patrol Vessel
173. “Goal Programme” launched for Tribal Youth
174. AIIB sanctions 145 million USD loan for Major Irrigation Project of West Bengal
175. COVID-19: President Ram Nath Kovind to donate 30% of his salary for a year
176. May 16: International Day of Light
177. World Bank approves 1 billion USD to India
178. Rajiv Gandhi Kisan Nyay Yojana to be launched by Chhattisgarh
179. ENAM succeeds touching milestone of 1000 Mandis
180. Fourth Tranche of Atma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan announced
181. Sikkim celebrates 45th State Day
182. Pradhan Mantri Ujjawala Yojana completes 4 years of success
May 17, 2020

183. NMIS-National Migrant Information System developed by NDMA
184. Next Generation Biodegradable Metal Implants developed by ARCI scientists
May 18, 2020

185. Fifth Tranche of Atma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan announced
186. GoI to convert world’s only horse serving cavalry into regular armoured regiment
187. AMPHAN: Cyclonic Storm intensifies into Severe Cyclonic Storm
188. Indian Army to implement “ToD”
189. Super Earth discovered
190. India joins 61 nations in WHO to identify Zoonotic source of COVID-19
191. PFRDA suggests comprehensive Scheme to the Finance Ministry
192. Gaganyaan Mission: ISRO to tap technologies of local start ups
193. Bundesliga of Germany: World’s first sports competition after COVID-19 lock down
194. US to donate Ventilators to India
195. What is Baltic Travel Bubble recently in news?
196. A new species “Troglomyces twitteri” discovered
5
197. India-World Bank: Social Protection Response Programme
198. GoI to implement several initiatives to boost Education Sector
May 19, 2020

199. Amphan develops into a super cyclonic storm
200. GoI implements Shekatkar Committee to create border infrastructure
201. India attends World Health Assembly
202. ICC bans use of saliva to shine a Cricket Ball
203. WHO: Spraying of Disinfectants in streets is not Effective
204. Charan Paduka Initiative: First of its kind launched for Migrant Workers
205. What is “Hanko” in news recently?
206. Rules to issue Domicile Certificate in Jammu and Kashmir issued
207. NABARD releases Rs 20,500 crores of funds for Kharif and pre-monsoon operations
208. Rapid Intensification made AMPHAN a Super Cyclone
209. GoI: Star Rating of Garbage Free Cities Released
210. Indian Air Force shelves three main projects
211. US Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine: First to show positive response
May 20, 2020

212. Nepal approves new Map: Includes Kalapani
213. India provides 2 million USD aid to United Nations Relief and Works Agency
214. WHO: Independent Inquiry in handling of COVID-19
215. First 12,000 HP Electric Loco operationalized by Indian Railways
216. Sun has entered into deepest period of Sunshine Recession
217. May 20: World Bee Day
218. Artificial Intelligence: GoI launches National Test Abhyas
219. Federation of Indian Export Organization: Indian Exports to fall by 20%
220. COVID-19: ICMR Clinical Trials on BCG Vaccine
221. National Crisis Management Committee meets to review AMPHAN preparedness
222. Beneficiaries of Ayushman Bharat touches 1 crore
223. Cabinet meets to approve several initiatives under Atma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan
224. Rare Palm from Andaman replanted in Kerala: To prevent its Extinction
May 21, 2020

225. May 21: International Tea Day
226. Exploration underneath Assam National Park receives Environmental Clearance
227. New Incidents change dynamics of India-China Border
228. North East Model: Minimized COVID-19 threats and a huge success
229. 26 Defence Items approved by Defence Ministry to boost Make in India
230. May 21: National Anti-Terrorism Day
231. Fifteenth Finance Commission meets to discuss Health Sector and Fiscal Consolidation
232. India attends NAM Health Minister meet
233. GoI: Scheme launched for 100% solarization of Konark Sun Temple and Town
234. Agappe Chitra Magna launched by SCTIMST to detect COVID-19
235. India-Bangladesh sign Inland Water Transit and Trade Protocol
May 22, 2020

236. Khadi Masks gain Global recognition and demand
237. E-Conclave for Defence MSMEs held
238. Textiles Committee launches indigenous design of PPE Testing Equipment: Synthetic Blood Penetration
Testing Equipment
239. Pradhan Mantri Ujjawala Yojana: 6.8 crore free Cylinders distributed
240. Western Ghats to be declared Ecologically Sensitive Area soon
241. May 22: International Day for Biological Diversity
242. Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana: Coir Geo Textiles approved for rural road construction
243. Rs 170 crores disbursed to MNREGA
244. GoI amends General Financial Rules
245. India: The Second Largest Manufacturer of PPE in the world
6
May 23, 2020
246. Monetary Policy Committee meets: Repo rate reduces to 4%
247. What is Treaty on Open Skies recently in news?
248. Advisory on use of Hydroxychloroquine revised
249. United Nations: India’s KHUDOL declared one of Top 10 Global Initiatives to fight COVID-19
250. Status Paper on Government Debt released
251. GoI launches 5 initiatives towards Conservation of Biodiversity
252. ICMR to replace HCQ with anti-HIV drug; Kangra Tea Suggested
May 25, 2020

253. World Steel report: India’s steel output declined by 65%
254. Enrolments in ESIC Social Security Scheme increases to 821,000
255. Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna (ANTIA) finds high energy particles from ice
256. Mizoram provides industrial status to Sports
257. Emission Norms of L7 category of BS VI notified
258. WHO adopts “Human Challenge Trial” to develop new vaccine
May 27, 2020

259. Supreme Court’s suo motu cognisance of Migrant Workers’ plight
260. Char Dham Highway Development Project: Chamba Tunnel inaugurated
261. J.K. Rowling announces “The Ickabog”
262. Current Affairs FAQs: Saharan Cheetah
May 28, 2020

263. India attends New Development Bank Governors meet
264. World Gold Council Report: 37% of Indian Women never bought gold
265. Russia constructs its first Stealth Bomber
266. Sports Authority of India deposits Rs 30,000 in Khelo India Athletes accounts
267. May 28: World Hunger Day
268. India and ADB sign 177 million USD to upgrade Maharashtra State Highways
269. NPCI launched Pai: An Artificial Intelligence Virtual Assistant
270. World Vape Day to be observed on May 30
271. European Union: 750 billion Euros announced as COVID-19 Recovery Fund
272. 9 Crore 60 lakh Farmers Benefitted under Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana
273. State Health Register to be launched by Karnataka Government: First of its Kind
274. WHO suspended Hydroxycloroquine trials
275. New Fresh water fish “Punitus Sanctus” found
May 29, 2020

276. May 29: International Day of UN Peacekeepers
277. 22nd Financial Stability and Development Council meeting chaired by Finance Minister
278. Delimitation Commission holds meeting
279. United Nations Military Gender Advocate of the year award to India’s major Suman Gawani
280. UP Government implements Herbal Roads Project
281. Finance Minister launched instant Aadhaar based E-KYC
282. CIPET renamed as Central Institute of Petrochemicals Engineering and Technology
283. GoI lifts ban on Paracetamol API exports
284. US joins G7 partnership on Artificial Intelligence
285. Rozgar Setu Scheme launched by Madhya Pradesh for skilled workers
286. “AGNEEPRASTHA”, the Missile Park: Foundation Stone laid
May 30, 2020

287. Army Commanders’ Conference held in New Delhi
288. 23 additional Minor Forest Produce included in Minimum Support Price List
289. Free Online Career Skills Training under National Career Service Project
290. COVID-19 culture for vaccine development and drug testing
291. May 31: World No Tobacco Day
292. GoI approves Rs 445 crores for Chhattisgarh under Jal Jeevan Mission
7
293. Why are the recent Locusts Attacks the worst in history?
294. Goa celebrates Statehood Day
295. K-FON Project of Kerala to be implemented by December
296. Tax Heads of BRICS met through Video Conference
297. 29 May: International Everest Day observed
May 31, 2020

298. “Indian National Super Model” launched by DST
299. Birth of New Planets witnessed first time in human history
300. GoI launches “Responsible AI for Youth” programme and an AI Portal
301. Existence of Earth like planet orbiting Proxima Centauri confirmed
8
May 1, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
1. India ranks 53rd in Budget Transparency and Accountability
According to the Open Budget Survey conducted by the International Budget

Partnership, India ranked 53rd among 117 countries in budget transparency and
accountability.
India scored 49 out 0f 100 in the survey. The score was above the global average of 45.
New Zealand scored 87 and topped the list. South Africa, Mexico and Brazil were the
other top performers with scores 87, 82 and 81 respectively.
The survey gave better scores for India for its timely publishing and relevant information
in the audit reports. According to the survey, absence of pre-budget statement and mid-
year review in the year 2018-19 was the main reason for India to scoreless in the survey.
3. Suggestions
The survey suggests to maintain high degree of transparency in government finances in
order to ensure the public resources are used judiciously. An integrated expenditure
information architecture has to be built in every district headquarters. This will help the
coordination and management committees at district level to enforce accountability and
improve budget transparency
4. About the Survey

The survey evaluated every country based on their issuance of information to the public
in a timely manner. Also, they assessed how far the countries allowed public
participation in order to prepare the ranking.
2. G20 Digital Economy Ministers meet held through video conference
On April 30, 2020, G20 Digital Economy Ministers meeting was convened. A ministerial
statement was issued by the G20 Digital Economy Task Force at the meet. India was
represented by the Union Minister Ravi Shankar Prasad.
1. Highlights
According to the meet, the ministers have decided on the following
2. G20 meet
A virtual G20 meet was held on March 27, 2020. The meet was chaired by Saudi Arabia.
The countries decided to inject 5 trillion USD to improve the global economy that is
badly affected due to COVID-19 threats. This ministerial meet is a follow up of the main
summit
9
3. India placed on the “Priority Watch List” for Intellectual Property

Protection by the US
The United States of America has placed India on the “Priority Watch List” due to lack of
measurable improvements in intellectual property framework.
1. Highlights
Along with India, the US has placed 10 countries including China in the list. The US has
taken the step alleging that intellectual properties and their enforcements have
deteriorated equitable market access for Americans in these countries. The other
countries placed on the list include Argentina, Algeria, Chile, Russia, Indonesia, Saudi
Arabia, Venezuela and Ukraine.
2. Why is India placed on the list?

According to the US, the IP challenges in India makes it difficult for the US businessmen
to receive, maintain and enforce patents in the country. This is high mainly in
pharmaceutical industries. The US also complains that India has restricted transparency
in state issued pharmaceutical manufacturing licenses.
3. Intellectual Property
According to World Intellectual Property Right Organization, the Intellectual Property is
the creation of literary and artistic works, symbols, names, images. The four main
intellectual property rights include inventions, geographic indications, trademarks and
industrial designs.
4. India-China Ceremonial Border Meet on “Labour Day” cancelled due to

COVID-19
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Indian and Chinese ceremonial border personnel
meet that is usually conducted on Labour Day was cancelled.
1. Highlights
On May 1, every year the Indian and Chinese Army personnel hold a meeting at five
border locations. During their meet, the army personnel discuss sports activities and also
about activities to ensure peace at the LAC (Line of Actual Control).
2. Locations
Usually the armies hold discussions at 5 locations. All the five are along the Line of
Actual control. It includes Daulat Beg Oldie and Chushul in Ladakh, Nathu La in Sikkim,
Bum La and Kibithu in Arunachal Pradesh.
3. Other Auspicious occasions

The armies also hold discussions on other auspicious occasions such as republic day,
Independence Day, PLA Day (People’s Liberation Army Day-August 1).
10
4. PLA Day
The PLA Army of china is the armed force of China and of its communist party. There are
five branches of the PLA army that includes Navy, Ground force, Rocket Force, Air Force
and Strategic Support Force.
5. Potential Military Super Power

A state that is speculated to have gained complete potential to become a super power is
called potential super power. The countries that are called Potential Military Super Power
are India, China, Brazil, USA, Russia, European Union.
5. Hezbollah classified as Terrorist Organization by Germany
On April 30, 2020, Germany classified the organization Hezbollah as a terrorist

organization in its soil. According to an early morning operation conducted by the
German police, more than 1,000 people in Germany belong to the Hezbollah extremist
wing.
1. Hezbollah
The Hezbollah is a Shia Islamist political party that is based in Lebanon. The organization
was founded by the Iranian effort in 1980s to aggregate Lebanese Shia groups. In the
on-going Iran-Israel conflicts, Hezbollah acts as a proxy for Iran.
2. Foundation
In 1982, Israel invaded Lebanon and occupied a strip of south Lebanon. Hezbollah was
then founded by the Muslim clerics in the region and was funded by Iran to harass Israeli
occupation.
3. Iran-Israel proxy war

The conflict between Iran and Israel is a political struggle of Iran to dissolve the Jewish
state, Israel. It emerged from Iran’s hostility towards Israel during Iranian Revolution in
1979. It then increased with Iranian support to Hezbollah during South Lebanon conflict.
4. Hezbollah manifesto
In 1985, Hezbollah created a manifesto that listed to expel the French, Americans and all
their allies putting an end to the colonial rule.
5. United Nations
The United Nations Security Council operating for world peace, had disbanded and
disarmed all the Lebanese militia. However, the organization has not yet made a
decision over the Hezbollah group.
6. GI Tag to Manipur Black Rice, Gorakhpur Terracotta and Kovilpatti

Kadalai Mittai
On April 30, 2020, Black rice of Manipur, also called the Chak-Hao, Gorakhpur Terracotta
and Kadalai Mittai of Kovilpatti bagged Geographical Indication tag.
11
1. Highlights
The application to receive Geographical Status for Chak Hao was initiated by North
Eastern Regional Agricultural Marketing Corporation Limited (NERAMAC).
2. Black rice
This rice variety has a deep black colour and is higher by weight than that of other
coloured rice varieties like brown rice, etc. The rice has higher weight and is black in
colour mainly due to the anthocyanin agent. The rice is suitable for creating dessert,
porridge. It is used in traditional bread, noodles and rice cake recipes of China.
3. Kovilpatti Kadalai Mittai

Kadalai Mittai is a pea nut candy made in southern parts of Tamil Nadu. The candy is
prepared from ground nut and jaggery. The water is exclusively used from the river
Thamirabarani. According to the producers of the region the water from this particular
river enhances the taste of the candy.
4. Gorakhpur Terracotta
The terracotta of Gorakhpur is centuries old. The potters of the town make animal
figures like elephants, horses. Every piece of arts created has more toil and has earned
less remuneration so far. The GI tag will help to boost the potters’ income.
7. ATULYA: Microwave sterilizer to disintegrate COVID-19 developed
The Defence Institute of Advanced Technology, deemed university operating under

Defence Research and Development Organization has designed microwave sterilizer
called “ATULYA”.
1. Highlights
The Sterilizer is used to disintegrate COVID-19 virus. The sterilizer uses differential
heating to disintegrate the virus in the range of 56 degree Celsius to 60 degree Celsius.
The weight of the designed sterilizer is 3 kgs. The time of sterilization depends on the
size of the object. The device is cost effective and can be run in fixed and portable
installations as well.
2. What is Sterilization?
Sterilization is the process by which different forms of life, especially micro organisms
such as fungi, virus, bacteria, spores and other Eukaryotic organisms such as
Plasmodium are eliminated, killed, removed or deactivated.
3. Differential Heating
Differential Heating is the process that creates two different temperatures to
disintegrate the virus.
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8. Actor Rishi Kapoor died of Leukemia
On April 30, the 67 old Bollywood actor died of Leukemia. He has won several awards
including the National Film Award.
1. About Leukemia
Leukemia is a type of cancer that is present found in human blood and bone marrow. It
is caused due to the rapid production of white blood cells. The white blood cells affected
by Leukemia are unable to fight against infection. White Blood Cells gives immune power
to human body fighting against diseases. Leukemia also impairs the ability of the bone
marrow to produce platelets and red blood cells.
2. Classification of Leukemia
There are four types of Leukemia. They are Acute Myelogenous Leukemia, Acute
Lymphocytic Leukemia, Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Chronic Myelogenous
Leukemia. Science has still not provided solution to prevent Leukemia as the cause of
the disease is not yet known.
3. National Film Awards

National Film Awards are presented by the President of India. A national panel appointed
by the government of India selects the winners of the award.
9. YASH launched by Department of Science and Technology
On April 30, 2020, programme YASH was launched by Department of Science and
Technology. YASH is Year of Awareness on Science and Health. The awareness is being
created to focus on COVID-19.
1. Highlights
The National Council for Science and Technology Communication (NCSTC) operating
under Department of Science and Technology has launched YASH to focus on COVID-19.
It is a comprehensive science and health communication initiative to promote grass-root
level response on health.

Under the initiative, the NCSTC has planned to work out academic, media, research and
voluntary organizations to prepare for emergency and also to address challenges. The
programme will include health, science and risk communication software, audio-visual,
folk performances, digital platforms and communicators to address the challenges. The
programme is to be launched in regional languages.
3. Aim of the programme

The programme has been launched to minimize the risks of COVID-19 at all levels with
the help of public awareness.
4. Significance
The YASH programe will help in improving risk understanding, indigenous knowledge,
bring attitudinal changes, to cope with courage and confidence.
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10. AYURAKSHA Programme organized by Delhi Police
The All India Institute of Ayurveda (AIIA) organized AYURAKSHA Programme under the
Ministry of AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy).
1. Highlights
The programme aimed to maintain the health of front-line workers of COVID-19. It was a
joint venture of AIIA and Delhi Police and was titled AYURAKSHA “Corona Se Jung-Delhi
Police Ke Sang”. The main objective of the programme is to fight against simple and
time tested Ayurveda immunity boosting measures.
2. Recommendations
The programme recommends Chyawanaprasha. Chyawanprasha has Amla as main
ingredient. It also recommends other major formulations such as Sanshamani Vati and
anu Taila. These formulations use simple herbs and are time tested.
3. What is the Plan?

Under the programme the Delhi Police has come up with a proposal to maintain the
health of the COVID-19 front line warriors. This includes the police personnel as well.
According to the plan, Ayurveda immunity measures are to be adopted. The proposal is
to be implemented in phased manner. In phase I, the quarantined officials are to be
covered. In Phase II, police officers in containment zones are to be covered. In phase III,
the officers in quarantine zones are to be covered. Finally in Phase IV, the police men
working in front line of the COVID-19 combat are to be covered.
11. ECI to conduct biennial election to Maharashtra Legislative Council
On May 1, 2020, the Election Commission of India announced that it is to conduct

biennial election for 9 vacant seats for the members of Legislative Council of the
Maharashtra State Legislature.
1. Highlights
On April 24, 2020, 9 seats became vacant in the Maharashtra Legislative Council. Hence,
the Election Commission of India has issued orders to conduct elections under Article
324.
2. Article 324
The article superintendents and provides directions to the election Commission. The
article gives powers to the election commission of India to conduct parliamentary and
state legislature elections.
3. Legislative Council
The Legislative Council is the upper house in a state legislature and is established under
Article 169. Every member of the legislative council serves for 6 years. Hence, the terms
of one-third of the state legislative council members expire every two years.
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4. Article 169
The article provides power to abolish or create legislative councils in the state.
12. India’s New representative of UN; India to become member of UNSC
The 1985 Indian Foreign Officer T S Trimurti is to succeed Syed Akbaruddin as the
permanent representative of the United Nations. Mr Trimurti was serving as the
Secretary to Economic relations. The appointment announcement was made by the
External Affairs ministry.
1. Permanent Representative to the UN

The permanent representative is the head of the diplomatic mission to an international
organization. The organizations that have permanent representative include United
Nations, NATO, World Trade Organization, African Union, European Union, Organization
of Islamic Cooperation and Organization of American States.
2. India’s membership at UNSC

India has been striving hard to get a permanent membership at the United Nations
Security Council. Currently, there are five permanent members namely US, France, UK,
Russia and china.
3. Non-Permanent Member
India is to become a non-permanent member at the UNSC in 2021. Along with 5
permanent members, there are 10 non-permanent members at the UNSC. A non-
permanent member holds term for two years. In order to become a non-permanent
member, a country should gain confidence of at least two-thirds of the members.
4. Akbaruddin
Akbaruddin was a 1985 IFS officer. He had served twice in Saudi Arabia. He also served
as a representative of India at the International atomic energy Agency. His works at the
United Nations against terrorism, climate change and peace keeping were
commendable.
13. USAID to provide 3 million USD for India’s PAHAL project
On May 1, 2020, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID)
announced that it is to provide 3 million USD for India’s PAHAL project. PAHAL is
Partnerships for Affordable Healthcare Access and Longevity.
1. Highlights
Till now, USAID has provided 5.9 million USD. The funds that have been allocated
recently are to be used to disseminate public health messages to the public, to provide
care to the affected and to strengthen surveillance and case finding.
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2. USAID
The United States Agency for International Development is responsible for administering
foreign aid. With the budget of more than 27 billion USD, USAID is one of the largest
financial aids in the world. USAID provides funds for poverty relief, disaster relief,
technical cooperation and socioeconomic development.
3. PAHAL scheme
PAHAL scheme is a joint initiative of USAID and IPE. The main objective of the scheme is
to provide quality and affordable health care solutions to urban poor. The main aim of
the project is to reach 10 million poor in India by 2020. This will help reduce out of
pocket expenditure of the underserved urban communities by 30%.
May 2, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
14. Kisan Sabha Application developed by CSIR launched
On May 1, 2020, the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Road Research
Institute (CSIR-CRRI) launched Kisan Sabha Application. The application was launched to
connect farmers to freight transportation and supply chain.
1. Highlights
The application aims in providing timely support to farmers and help in increasing their
profit. This is possible as the application minimizes interference of middle men and
connects with the institutional buyers directly. Thus, the farmers are able to get best
market rates for their crops. The rates are easily obtained better than the nearby mandi.
2. Functions of the application

The application helps the farmers in the following ways
3. Background
Before designing the application, a detailed survey was conducted in Asia’s biggest
Azadpur Mandi. Under the study, major challenges like wastage and produce being sold
at lowest rates were studied.
15. E-Nam: 200 new Mandis integrated
On May 1, 2020, around 200 Mandis were added to the E-NAM platform. The mandis
were from 7 different states. They were joined through a video conference held by the
Union Minister of Agriculture Shri Narendra Singh Tomar.
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1. Highlights
The mandis added were from the states of Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan,
Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka and Uttar Pradesh. These addends have brought the number of
E-Nam mandis in the country to 785.
2. What is special about the step?

For the first time, a mandi from the state of Karnataka has been added to the E-NAM
platform. Also, E-NAM has been integrated with the Rashtriya E-Market Service of
Karnataka. This is the first time, two trading platforms of agriculture commodities have
been integrated in India. This will help in inter-state trade development.
3. E-Nam
The National Agriculture Market was launched in 2016. It facilitates farmers, buyers and
traders to trade their commodities online. More than 90 commodities are listed and are
available for trade. The features of E-NAM were enhanced by attractive launchings such
as BHIM, MIS dashboard, etc.
16. Five more states/UTs added under “One Nation One Ration Card”
On May 1, 2020, the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution approved
the integration of five states and Union Territories under “One Nation One Ration Card”.
These states include Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and
Diu and Himachal Pradesh.
1. Highlights
With the addition of these states and union territories, around 60 crore beneficiaries are
to be added under National Food Security Act. Already there are 12 more states in the
cluster. These states include Madhya Pradesh, Kerala, Jharkhand, Andhra Pradesh,
Gujarat, Goa, Haryana, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Telangana, Rajasthan and Tripura.
2. One Nation One Ration Card

The aim of the scheme is inter-state portability of ration cards. The scheme benefits
people taking food grains under public distribution system (PDS). The system is highly
useful to the migrant workers. In India around 37% of the population are migrant
labourers.

Around 81 crore people in the country are covered under NFSA according to 2011
census. Under the act, the GoI is covering most vulnerable sections of the society
namely antyodaya families. These families get 35 kgs of food grains per month.
4. Depot Online System

The Government of India is planning to integrate Public Distribution System with Depot
Online System.
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17. Environment Ministry Clears New Parliament at Rs 922 crores
On May 2, 2020, the Expert Appraisal Committee cleared the proposal to new Parliament
at Rs 922 crores. The Central Vista committee has also approved the new plan.
1. Support from other Government Entities

The case on minimized tree cutting and its related environmental concerns is still
pending before the Supreme court. However, the apex court had refused to stay the
Central Vista Redevelopment project recently.
2. Central Vista Redevelopment Project

The project aims to build a triangular parliament building. It will revamp the 3-km long
Raj Path from Rashtrapati Bhavan to India Gate.
3. What is Central Vista?

The Central Vista of New Delhi houses Parliament House, Rashtrapati Bhavan, India
Gate, North and South Block and National Archives. The Parliament House was designed
by Lutyens and Baker. The Rashtrapati Bhavan was designed by Edwin Lutyens and the
secretariat that includes both north and south block was designed by Herbert Baker.
4. Concerns
Many historians are concerned that the project will demolish historical buildings.
5. Objective
The plan is to be completed by 2022. The new buildings will have underground parking
system. Also, the new building will have metro connectivity and separate metro stations.
18. Kashmir Saffron receives GI Tag
The Saffron cultivated in the Kashmir valley has received Geographical Indication Tag. It
is to be noted that three other products such as Gorakhpur Teracotta, Kovilpatti Kadalai
Mittai and Black rice of Manipur also received GI tag recently.
1. About Kashmir Saffron

The Saffron cultivated in Kashmir is long, thick and has natural deep red colour. Also, it
has high aroma and is processed without adding any chemicals.
2. What is special about the Saffron?

The Kashmir Saffron is the only saffron in the world that is grown at an altitude of 1,600
metres.
3. Where are Kashmir Saffron grown?

Kashmir Saffron is a world renowned spice and is grown in regions of Pulwama, Kishtwar,
Budgam and Srinagar.
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4. Types of Saffron
The Saffron is available in three types namely Lachha Saffrin that is simply separated
from the flower and dried without processing. Mongra Saffron that is detached from the
flower, dried and processed traditionally. The Guchhi Saffron that is dried and packed
loosely in air tight containers, joined together in a bundle with a red thread.
19. GoI directs to include Chakma and Hajong in COVID-19 relief

programme
On May 1, 2020, the Ministry of Development of the North Eastern Region directed
Arunachal Pradesh Government to include Hajong and Chakma communities in the
COVID-19 relief programme
1. Highlights
The Chakma and Hajong communities, the migrants from the then East Pakistan (now
Bangladesh) are still living in relief camps. They came to India in 1964. There are more
than 1 lakh Chakma and Hajong refugees in the country. Apart from these people, there
are around 15,000 Chakmas and 2,000 Hajongs in the relief camp set up in Arunachal
Pradesh. Even after 50 years, many continue to live here.

The Chakmas were predominantly Buddhists and the Hajongs were Hindus. They
inhabited the Chittagong hills in the regions of East Pakistan. They migrated to India due
to the construction of Kaptai dam across the Karnaphuli river in 1960s. They also faced
persecution in East Pakistan as they were non-Muslims.
3. Karnaphuli river
Karnaphuli is the largest river the in the Chittagong hills. The river originates in Mizoram
and flows into Bangladesh and then joins the Bay of Bengal. The tributaries of the
Karnaphuli river include Kawrpui river, Phairuang river and Tuichawng river.
20. GoI: Rebate of State and Central Taxes Scheme in the form of Scrips
On May 1, 2020, the Government of India announced that the Rebate of State and
Central Scheme arrears are to be provided in the form of scrips. It is to be provided by
the Department of Revenue Communication.
1. Highlights
The ROSL scheme was discontinued in March 2019. The scheme was replaced with
Rebate of State and Central Taxes and Levies Scheme. The arrears to be provided in the
form of scrips is to benefit many of the cotton textile exporters.
2. What is a scrip?
Scrip is a certificate that is subscribed to a bank or an individual entitling the holder a
part of dividend or an amount of money.
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3. ROSL scheme
The scheme supported apparels and made ups. The state and central taxes continue to
be present in the cost of exports. The scheme rebates state and central taxes. This will
include more than 56% of India’s textile export basket. The aim is to make the textile
sector competitive.
4. Cotton Export
Cotton fabrics and yarn account to 23% of total textiles and apparel exports in India. In
2018-19, the total cotton production was 28.7 million bales. In the same year, the cotton
clothing exports were 36.62 billion USD. India exports cotton and cotton products mainly
to UAE, US, UK, France.
21. May 2: World Tuna Day
Every year, World Tuna Day is observed by the United Nations to spread the importance
of conservation of the Tuna Fish species. The tuna and tuna like species are
economically important for both developing and developed countries.
1. Highlights
The United Nations passed a resolution in 2016 and the world Tuna Day is being
observed since 2017. The day is marked to prevent tuna fish stocks from crashing.
2. SDG 14
Several countries are dependent on tuna resources for nutrition and food security,
revenue, livelihood, recreation, economic development. The day hence helps to achieve
Sustainable Development Goal 14, that is Life Below Water. It aims to conserve and
sustainably use seas, oceans and marine resources.
3. Significance
Every year more than 7 million tonnes of tuna fishes are harvested. The tuna fish
account to 20% of marine capture of fisheries and 8% of globally traded sea food. The
United Nations suggests implementing legal framework of the UNCLOS (United Nations
Convention on the Law of the Sea) as the tuna stocks in the world oceans are declining.
4. COVID-19
The COVID-19 has increased the demand for canned Tuna in the world.
22. May 2: International Astronomy Day
Every year, International Astronomy Day is celebrated twice a year. Once on September
26 and other on May 2. On this day, astronomical institutions, planetariums, museums
organize fun filled activities and spread awareness about the world of astronomy.
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1. Highlights
The first International Astronomy Day was celebrated in 1973. It was started by the then
president of Astronomical Association of Northern California. He aimed at setting up
telescope points in different urban locations. Initially the celebrations began in the
United States and later it spread to other parts of the world.
2. National Astronomy Week

The Astronomy Day is also a part of the National Astronomy Week. The week is held in
United Kingdom.
3. International Year of Astronomy

The International Year of Astronomy was celebrated in 2009. It was marked on 2009 to
celebrate the 400th anniversary of observations of Galileo and also Kepler’s findings in
17th century. The year was coordinated by the International Astronomical Union.
4. International Astronomical Union

The IAU was founded in 1919. The main objective of the mission was to safeguard
science. The IAU is a member of the International Science Council India is a member of
the Union. The headquarters of the Union is located in France.
23. NSTMIS report: India placed 3rd in scientific publication
The National Science and Technology Management Information (NSTMIS) has conducted
a survey on Research and Development Statistics and Indicators 2019-20.
1. Highlights
The report says that India ranks 3rd globally in the scientific publication. The first two
ranks were occupied by USA and China. The gross expenditure on Research and
Development in the country has tripled between 2008 and 2018. It was Rs 39,437 crores
in 2008 and increased to Rs 1,13,825 crores in 2018.

 The report says that the two main contributors were Department of Science and Technology
and Department of Biotechnology. The DST contributes 63% of R and D support and the DBT
contributes 14%.
 The women participation in the R&D field has increased from 13% to 24%.
 Around 5.52 lakh personnel are working in R&D establishments as on April 2018.
 In terms of Resident Patent Filing India was ranked 9th in the world. India’s Patent Office
ranked seventh in the world.
 The number of researchers per million has doubled in India since 2000.
 According to the report, India is currently spending 185 USD per researcher and is ahead of
Russia, Hungary, Israel, UK and Spain in this spending.
3. Significance
The report is important for policy making, planning higher education, industrial
competitiveness and intellectual property.
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24. ICC Ranking: India declines from top position to third
On May 2, 2020, the International Cricket Council (ICC) announced the ranking of cricket
teams. According to the ranking, Australia ranked top and India ranked third. New
Zealand was ranked second in the ranking.
1. Highlights
For more than 43 months India was placed at top position. The current ranking considers
all the matches played since 2017. The matches played since 2017 were considered
50% and the matches played since 2019 were considered 100%.
2. History
The ICC Ranking was introduced in 2003. India’s rank was behind Australia for a period
of more than 74 months since its launch.
3. About the Rankings

Australia for the first time has acquired top spot in T20 as well as in Test series. England
had continued to lead in ODI men’s ranking.
25. New Code by Indian Scientists to study magnetosphere of the earth
The Indian Scientists at the Indian Institute of Geomagnetism has developed fluid
simulation code to study electric field structure in the magnetosphere of the earth.
1. Significance
The study will help to plan the future space missions. The study will also lead to control
fusion experiments to fulfill ever-expanding energy demands of humanity.
2. Highlights
The scientists have developed one-dimensional fluid simulation code. The study helps to
see the electric field in isolated pulses.
3. Magnetosphere
The sun is the major source that deposits plasma around the earth. It forces its plasma
towards the earth through its solar wind. This creates interplanetary magnetic field that
is carried by the solar magnetic field.
4. Background
The magnetosphere of the earth has several numbers of satellites revolving. When the
satellites leave the observational domain of one satellite and enter into the other, a blind
arena is created. The study will help to decipher this through computer simulations.
May 3, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
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26. IDEAthon launched by Jal Shakti ministry
On May 2, 2020, the National Mission for Clean Ganga operating under Ministry of Jal
Shakti launched “IDEAthon”. It focuses on “The Future of River Management” to explore
how the COVID-19 crisis will change the river management strategies.
1. Highlights
The IDEAthon event examined how social angle of rivers can be leveraged to address the
crisis. It also discussed about the lessons taught by COVID-19 crisis.
2. Outcomes
The event finalized that more attention is required towards river management. Also, it
highlighted the interconnectivity of cities with the river. The river cities require special
focus in creating awareness about the ecological importance and economic potential of
the rivers to help the cities.
3. Namami Gange
The Namami Gange, also called the National Mission for Clean Ganga was launched in
2011. The initiative focuses on controlling the pollution of River Ganga. The main pillars
of the mission include sewerage treatment, industrial effluent monitoring, bio-diversity,
development of river surface cleaning, afforestation, and public awareness.
27. Core sector Growth of India hit due to Lock Down
The core sectors of India include crude oil, steel, natural gas, refinery product, cement,
fertilizer, electricity and coal. According to the figures released by the Ministry of
Commerce recently, the production of core industries of India shrank in March, 2020 due
to lock down.
1. Highlights
The output of the core industries has reduced by 6.5% in the month of March. This is the
sharpest reduction since 2012.
2. Significance
The eight crore industries have a weight of 40.27% in the Index of Industrial Production.
With these industries contracting in their output, the country is to face very low
economic output.
3. Index of Industrial Production

The Index of Industrial Production is published by the Central Statistical Organization. It
shows the growth rate of different industrial groups. The IIP is calculated with 2011-12 as
the base year.
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28. Project Monitoring Unit launched by Ministry of Coal
The Ministry of Coal recently launched a project monitoring unit to facilitate early
operationalization of coal mines that were allocated by the central government. The aim
of launching the unit is to bring in more bidders.
1. Highlights
The Project Monitoring Unit will facilitate Ease of Doing Business as it will support coal
mines in receiving timely approval in order to operate the mines. The unit will also help
the mines in getting clearances from the state and central government authorities for
their operationalization. The unit will help improve business environment and production
of coal in the country.
2. Ease of Doing Business

India ranks 63rd in ease of doing business in the ranking released by World Bank. India
was one of the top 10 improvers in the 2019 ranking. The unit will help India improve
further and promote international trade as well.
3. Coal Production in India

India has the fifth largest coal reserves in the world. The major states that produce coal
in India are Odisha, Jharkhand, Bihar, West Bengal, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and
Telangana.
4. Nationalisation and Denationalisation of Coal Mines
4.1. Nationalisation
The Nationalisation of coal mines was done in two phases. The first phase of
nationalization was done in 1971 under the Coking Coal Mines (Emergency Provisions)
Act, 1971 to manage coking coal mines. The Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited and
the Indian Iron and Steel Company limited were nationalized and brought under BCCL
(Bharat Coking Coal Limited).
4.2. Denationalisation
The Coal Mines were denationalized under the Coal Mines (Special Provisions) Act, 2015.
The law allowed the private sector to mine coal.
May 4, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
29. Third Phase of Lock Down begins
On May 4, 2020, the third phase of Lock down begun all over India. The Ministry of Home
Affairs had issued relaxations in lower risk districts.
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1. What is prohibited all over India?
Under Lock Down 3.0, travel by road is prohibited all over India. The Educational
institutes, schools, training institutes are to remain closed all over the country. The
hospitality sector that includes restaurants and hotels are to remain closed. Public,
political or religious gatherings are prohibited. Movement of people between 7 pm and 7
am for non-essential activities are prohibited.
2. What is prohibited in Red Zone?

Inside containment zones, all activities except supply of essential commodities is
prohibited in lock down 3.0. Even OPDs and medical clinics are to remain closed in these
regions
3. What is allowed in red zone?
4. Urban Areas
The Lock Down 3.0 allows movement of people and vehicles. The other activities that are
included in the red zone includes
5. Rural Areas
 Agricultural, plantation and animal husbandry activities
 Industrial and Construction activities
 Financial sectors
 Warehouses, public utilities, postal services and courier services.
6. Orange Zone
In Orange Zone, inter and intra district buses that are permitted by Ministry of Home
Affairs will begin their services.
7. Green Zone
All activities are allowed in green zone. The buses in green zones shall operate with 50%
capacity.
30. Second Installment of Rs 500 deposited under Pradhan Mantri Garib

Kalyan Yojana
The Government of India recently approved the second installment of Rs 500 under
Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana.
1. Highlights
Under Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana, Rs 500 was to be provided in three
installments. The second installment has been released under the scheme. More than 20
crore women were benefitted when the first installment was released. The Government
had also announced a date plan for the beneficiaries to maintain social distancing in the
banks.
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2. Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana
The amount was credited to accounts that were registered under Pradhan Mantri Jan
Dhan Yojana. The Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana is a financial inclusion programme
that was launched in 2014. Around 15 million bank accounts were opened on the launch
of the programme.

The GoI had launched the Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Ann Yojana under which Rs 1.7
lakh crore was allocated to fight COVID-19 and help people during lock down. Under the
scheme the following were announced
31. Bharat Market: National E-Commerce Marketplace launched by CAIT
A National E-Commerce Market place was launched by Confederation of All India Traders
(CAIT) called “Bharat Market”.
1. Highlights
The e-commerce market place will integrate the capabilities of technology companies in
order to provide end to end services. The portal will include participation of retailers and
aims to bring 95% of retail traders into the platform. It will mainly focus on technology
companies to provide end to end services.
2. Measures by GoI
The government of India has taken several measures to develop e-commerce market in
the country. Recently, around 200 mandis were added to the E-NAM platform. Today
there are around 785 mandis operating under the platform. E-Nam is the National
Agricultural Market that was launched in 2016.
3. E-commerce Policy
The Draft E-Commerce Policy had been released by Department for Promotion of
Industry and Internal Trade. The policy aims to address issues of data privacy and
consumer protection. The policy also focuses on individual rights over holding data. It
restricts cross-border data flow.
32. USFDA approves emergency use of an investigational vaccine,

Remdesivir
The United States Food and Drug Regulatory body recently allowed emergency use of
anti-viral investigational vaccine Remdesivir to treat COVID-19 patients.
1. Highlights
The USFDA has approved the vaccine after an Indian-American physician, Aruna
Subramaninan’s report on Remdesivir. According to the report, the vaccine shortened
the recovery times of people that have fallen ill due to COVID-19 virus. The FDA has
provided emergency use authorization of the drug.
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2. Remdesivir
Remdesivir was developed to treat Ebola virus and Marburg virus. However, it was found
to be ineffective in treating these diseases.
3. Emergency Use Authorization

The Emergency Use Authorization in the United States to approve drugs during
emergency. Earlier, the US FDA had approved use of diagnostic and therapeutic tools to
identify and respond 2009 swine flu outbreak.
4. Remdesivir trial by WHO

WHO had launched 4 mega trials to treat COVID-19. It includes Remdesivir, HCQ
(Hydroxychloroquine), combination of Lopinavir and Ritonavir and Interferon-beta along
with the combination of Lopinavir and Ritonavir.
33. eCovSens developed by National Institute of Animal Biotechnology
The scientists in National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Hyderabad have

developed a biosensor called the eCovSens. The sensor is used to detect COVID-19 virus
in saliva samples.
1. Highlights
The researchers from NIAB have developed non-invasive bio-sensor testing device called
eCovSens to detect COVID-19. The lens can help detect COVID-19 virus within 10 to 30
seconds of testing.
2. Working of the Sensor

The electrode of the device is coated with the antibody of COVID-19 virus. When the
saliva sample of the infected person is put in the device, it gets applied to the electrode.
A reaction then occurs between the antibody in the electrode and the antigen in the
saliva. The reaction creates an electric flow that confirms the presence of the virus.
3. National Institute of Animal Biotechnology

The National Institute of Animal Biotechnology was established in 2010. It was
established by Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology. The
institute aims to provide translational research that involves livestock and beneficial to
mankind.
4. Significance
The Government of India is currently facing various challenges such as shortage of
testing kits, lack of adequate testing, etc. Several states had complained that the rapid
antibody test kits imported from China were faulty. Therefore, implementing these
technologies in larger scale will help solve the challenges faced by the Government.
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34. What is COVID Toe?
The British Journal of Dermatology Researchers have so far observed 5 clinical patterns
of the COVID-19 cases. One such is COVID Toe. COVID Toe is a kind of rash that is being
developed in COVID-19 patients.
1. COVID Toe
According to the study, COVID Toe was observed in 19% of patients infected with COVID-
19. The dermatologists call the red rashes as Pseudo-Chilblain lesions. They are small
red and itchy patches that occur on the fingers and toes when exposed to cold.
2. Chilblains
Chilblains occur due to inflammation of blood vessels and response to repeated
exposure of cold air. It usually goes away in one or three weeks. However, this was not
the case with Chilblains like patches due to COVID-19.
3. Five Clinical Patterns Observed

According to the study, five clinical patterns were observed in patients with COVID-19
infection. They are as follows
35. India to attend NAM Summit
On May 4, 2020, PM Modi will attend the NAM Summit representing India through a video
conference. The Summit is to discuss COVID-19 challenges and solutions.
1. Highlights
This is the first NAM Summit being attended by the Mr Modi since he was sworn in as the
Prime Minister in 2014. Mr Modi both the summits as PM in 2016 and 2019. The 2016
summit was held in Venezuels and 2019 in Azerbaijan.
2. NAM Summits
The NAM is Non-Aligned Movement forum of 120 developing countries. After the United
Nations, NAM is the largest grouping of states. The summit was agreed to convene at
the Bandung Conference in 1955.
3. Principles of NAM
The five major principles of NAM include mutual respect, mutual non-aggression,
equality and mutual benefit, mutual non-interference in domestic affairs and peaceful
coexistence.
36. African Swine Flu in Assam
On May 3, 2020, the Assam Government confirmed that more than 2,500 pigs in 306
villages were killed due to African Swine Flu in Assam. There was no relevance brought
with COVID-19.
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1. Highlights
The reason of death of the pigs were confirmed as African Swine Flu by the National
Institute of High Security Animal Diseases (NIHSAD) of Bhopal. According to 2019
census, the pig population in Assam was 21 lakhs.
2. Legislation
Though, there are acts to protect animals such as Wildlife (Protection) act and
Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960, there is no legislation or rules on culling of
animals. Animal Culling is done based on order passed by the central government.
3. Culling on Vermin
When an animal is classified as “vermin” by the Central Government, the protection over
the animal under the Wildlife Protection Act is removed. Vermin are wild animals that are
believed to be harmful. When as species is declared vermin, it can be culled or hunted
without restriction
4. African Swine Flu

The African Swine Flu is a double-stranded DNA virus and is a causative agent of African
Swine fever. It infects pigs, warthogs and its natural hosts.
37. Bamboo Conclave held through video Conference
The Minister of State for North East Development held Bamboo Conclave through video
conference to boost the economy of the country with the help of Bamboo resources.
1. Highlights
The Ministers of Agriculture and minister of development of North East participated in
the conference. The making of Agarbatti and increasing its production was one of the
key discussions of the conclave. The total requirement of Agarbatti in India is 2,30,000
per year. The market value of total consumption is Rs 5,000 crore. However, still India is
importing Agarbatti from countries like Vietnam and China. The North Eastern Region
can help India in becoming self sufficient in the area in the post-COVID era.
2. Significance
North East region of India consists of 60% of bamboo reserves of the country. In the past
six years, the GoI has given equal importance to the bamboo sector as that of the north
east development. Also, The National Bamboo Mission was launched.
3. National Bamboo Mission

The restructures Bamboo mission was approved in 2018 and implemented in 2019-20.
The mission is being implemented in non-forest Government lands. It aims to provide
supplement farm incomes to farmers. Apart from the North Eastern States, the mission
was launched in Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka,
Odisha, Bihar, Uttarakhand, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
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38. Arogya Setu Mitr launched
Under the public-private partnership, the initiative called Arogya Setu Mitr was launched.
The feature is to be available in the Arogya Setu application. It is offer free COVID-19
related consultation.
1. Highlights
In partnership with the Tech Mahindra, Tata Group and Swasth the Arogya Setu Mitr was
launched. It will offer free online consultation to COVID-19 with the data provided by the
three private sector firms and government entities.
2. Key Features
The initiative includes free tele-consultation to those who have COVID-19 like symptoms.
It will also provide ancillary services at market rates. This includes home collection of
samples, medicine delivery, etc.
3. Arogya Setu
The Arogya Setu application was launched to achieve contact tracing of COVID-19. The
application helps to track people infected by the virus. It uses GPS and Bluetooth
features in smart phones in order to achieve this. It was developed by the National
Informatics Centre (NIC).
39. Draft Guidelines issued for Satellite TV channels
The Ministry of Information and Broadcasting has issued draft guidelines for satellite TV
channels.
1. Highlights
The Ministry has listed 11 violation under the guidelines. It includes delay in intimating
the ministry about the change in shareholding pattern of the company, appointing a
director without the permission of the ministry, not removing a director who has been
denied with security clearance, showing logo that is not permitted by the ministry, etc.
2. Key Features
According to the guidelines, the channels need not get clearance ever year. Also, the
permits will be provided to the Indian teleports for up linking foreign channels to
increase their business. For now, the channels registered under ‘news’ category are
allowed to make live telecasts. The rest of the channels have to get permission from the
ministry to telecast live events. However, under the guidelines, these non-news channels
are allowed to live telecast after registering themselves under “Broadcast seva”.
3. C band and Ku band

The Ku band uses frequencies between 12 GHz and 19 GHz. The C band uses radio
frequency between 4 GHz and 8 GHz.
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40. Saras Collection launched on the Government E-Marketplace portal,
GeM
On May 4, 2020, the Union Ministry of Rural Development and Panchayati Raj launched
the “The Saras Collection” on the GeM (Government E Marketplace) platform. The Saras
Collection aims to promote daily utilities made by self-help groups.
1. Highlights
The initiative is a joint effort of the Ministry of rural development, GeM and Deen Dayal
Antyodaya Yojana-National Rural Livelihood Mission (DAY-NRLM). Under the initiative,
the SHGs (Self Help Groups) will list their products in 5 different categories namely office
accessories, handicrafts, handloom and textiles, grocery and pantry and personal care
and hygiene.
2. Key Features
The GeM under the initiative has provided a dashboard at national, state, district and
block level in order to provide real time information about the products that are being
uploaded by the SHGs.
3. GeM
The GeM is a government owned portal that was set up as National Public Procurement
Portal in order to procure goods and services that are required by the central and state
governments. The platform helps to reduce human intervention.
41. UV Blaster: Disinfection Tower developed by DRDO
The Defence Research and Development Organization has developed Ultra Violet
Disinfection Tower for chemical free and rapid disinfection. The tower is to be highly
helpful in high infection prone areas.
1. Highlights
The equipment named UV Blaster is a UV based sanitizer that was designed and
developed by DRDO. It is highly helpful for disinfecting high tech surfaces such as
computers, electronic equipment and other gadgets. UV Blaster is helpful in offices
where chemical methods may not be suitable.
2. Working
The UV Disinfection tower can be operated through mobile phone or laptop remotely.
There are six lamps each of 43 watts. The lamps emit Ultra Violet light of wavelength
254 nm in 360 degrees of illumination. The tower will switch off during human
intervention or accidental opening of the room. The device also provides arm operation.
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3. DRDO and COVID
The DRDO has been developing several new technologies and products to help in
disinfection, sample collection, cost effective personal protective equipment. Several of
these technologies were transferred to private sector companies. Recently DRDO
developed ATULYA, a microwave sterilizer to help disinfecting COVID-19. DRDO had also
developed a kiosk for COVID-19 sample collection.
42. May 4: International Firefighters Day
Every year, International Firefighters Day is observed on May 4.
1. Highlights
The day is commemorated to recognize the sacrifices of firefighters. Also, the day
creates awareness to make sure the environment and communities are as safe as
possible.
2. Why May 4?
The International Fire Fighters Day is celebrated on May 4 as it is also Saint Florian’s
Day. Saint Florian was one of the commanding firefighters of Roman battalion. He saved
several lives and is considered as patron saint of firefighters. He saved a complete
burning village in ancient Rome.
3. Saint Florian
Saint Florian was born in 250 AD in ancient Rome. He joined the Roman army and
advanced in ranks to become a commander of the army in the Roman province. He
organized and raised a group of soldiers whose duty was to fight fires.
4. Symbol of Firefighters Day

The symbol of fire fighters’ day consists of red and blue coloured ribbon. The red colour
in the ribbon symbolizes fire and blue colour symbolizes water.
May 5, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
43. GoI completes integrating Cold Chain Projects
On May 5, 2020, the Ministry of Food Processing held video conference to discuss about
the completion of the integration of cold projects in the country. The promoters of the
project were the main participants of the conference.
1. Highlights
Over 38 cold chain project promoters participated in the conference. The promoters
shared their challenges and experiences on completing the projects. The challenges in
running the cold chain projects during lock down were also discussed.
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2. Challenges
The main challenge that was faced by almost all the promoters was piling up of stocks.
The stocks of frozen vegetables and diary products piled up as their traditional markets
such as hotels, restaurants and banquets were all closed due to lock down.
3. Discussions
The discussions were also held on impact of lock down on operations, raw material
availability and high cost, labour and logistics issues, liquidity crisis, high inventory
costs.
4. Cold Chain Scheme

The Cold Chain Scheme aims at value addition and preservation infrastructure to provide
integrated cold chain. The integrated cold chain project was set under the scheme in
partnership with Self Help Groups, Cooperatives, Corporations, Companies, Farmer
Producer Organizations, PSUs, NGOs, etc.
44. Smart City Programme: Control rooms in 50 cities for Lock Down 3.0
On May 4, 2020, the Government of India implemented phase III of COVID-9 lock down.
With the third lock down relaxing restrictions all over the country, major cities are still
vulnerable to the spread of the virus. Hence, to fight the virus more efficiently and
maintain a routine life, control rooms have been set up in smart cities.
1. About the control Rooms

The Control rooms have been designed by the private firm Honeywell. The rooms have
sophisticated monitoring system. It uses artificial intelligence and camera feeds to
monitor the city. The rooms help in generating clear report that will help the authorities
to assess the effectiveness of the lock down.
2. Lock Down 3.0

In Lock Down 3.0, over 130 red regions have been put under red zone. Alongside, 284
orange zones and 319 green zones have been specified. The regions have been sorted
based on the cumulative cases and the doubling rate of the virus. Green Zones are those
regions that have no confirmed cases in the past 21 days. Red zones are those regions
where the number cases doubled. These regions require testing, surveillance feedback.
3. Need
The cities, especially the metropolitans have become the nerve centres of the virus. On
the other hand, they hold the key to economic revival as well. Also, they are the
manufacturing hubs. When these cities come to standstill, human lives are greatly
affected and so is the economy. Therefore, there is a need to focus both on lives and
livelihood.
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45. West Bengal Red Flagged by the Inter-Ministerial Team
The Government of India had set up 10 Inter Ministerial Teams to visit districts in states
such as Maharashtra, West Bengal, Rajasthan, Telangana, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu and
Madhya Pradesh. The team that had visited West Bengal has now submitted its report.
1. Highlights
According to the report, the state had the highest mortality rate of 12.8% among COVID-
19 patients. The report said that West Bengal has changed its protocol since April 30
that had reflected in death certificates and daily statistics.
2. Death Certificate in India

The Death Certificate in India is a document issued by medical practitioner that declares
date, location, and cause of a person’s death.
3. Legislation
The birth and death certificates are issued in India under the Registration of Births and
Deaths Act, 1969. Under the act, the Central Government shall appoint Registrar General
of India. He issues directions regarding the registration of births and deaths.

Though the state governments had rights to issue death certificates, the centre had
passed orders to report such issuances to it. The state of West Bengal failed to do so
according to the report. As COVID-19 has now been made a “notified disaster”,
according to Disaster Management Act, the states will certainly have to follow the orders
of centre, though they have their own powers.
46. Indian American appointed as US representative to IBRD
On May 5, 2020, the US President Donald Trump had nominated Indian American Ashok
Michael Pinto as the US representative to IBRD (International Bank of Reconstruction and
Development).
1. Highlights
Mr Pinto replaced Erik Bethel. Mr Bethel resigned from the post. Pinto was serving the
Counselor to Under Secretary for International Affairs in the department of treasury of
the US. It is to be noted that Mr Pinto was a special assistant to President George W
Bush.
2. International Bank of Reconstruction and Development

The IBRD is an international financial institution that was established in 1944. The
headquarters of the bank is located in Washington D C. The bank offers loans to middle
income developing countries. It is one of the five member institutions that compose the
world bank.
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3. Five member institutions
The Five major member institutions that make up the World Bank include IBRD,
Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), International Development
Association (IDA), International Finance Corporation (IFC) and International Centre for
Settlement of Investment Disputes
4. International Development Association

The International Development Association was established as a member in 1960.
Generally, the IBRD and IDA are collectively called the World Bank. This is because, the
other associations and institutions have relatively lesser importance.
47. “Special Corona Fee” imposed on Liquor by Delhi Government
On May 4, 2020, the third phase of lock down began in India. Under the third phase, the
liquor shops were opened in selected regions with certain restrictions.
1. Highlights
With the liquor shops opening after a long gap, there were long queues at store all over
the country. The Delhi Government acted swiftly on the same day evening, imposing
70% hike in liquor prices. The State Government has taken the step in spite of the fact
that liquor revenue is one of the major sources of revenue of state government.
2. How does Liquor contribute to state revenue?

Except for the states of Gujarat and Bihar, where sale of liquor has been banned, liquor
contributes certain amount to the exchequers of all other state and union territories. The
states in general impose heavy excise duty on liquor. For instance, the state of Tamil
Nadu imposes VAT (Value Added Tax) on liquor. Uttar Pradesh imposes “special duty on
liquor” and uses the funds collected to maintain stray cattle.
3. RBI Report on Liquor revenue

According to the report of Reserve Bank of India called State Finances: A study of
Budgets of 2019-20, the excise duty on alcohol accounts to 10% to 15% of the state
revenue of majority of the states. It is the second or third largest contributor. This was
the main reason the state governments wanted liquor to be kept out of GST.
4. Earnings
The RBI report says that in 2019-20, all the states together had earned Rs 1,75,501
crores. This was 16% higher than that of 2018-19.
5. State Excise
The State Excise is levied on liquor. It includes country spirits, fermented liquor, foreign
liquor, malt liquor, denatured spirits, medicated wines, toilet preparations containing
alcohol, etc.
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48. Global Report on Food Crisis, 2020
The Global Report on Food Crisis, 2020 was released by the Global Network against Food
Crisis. The report says that around 135 million people are living under food crisis.
1. Highlights
According to the report, the numbers have increased. In 2019, the number of people
living under food crisis were 113 million. Yemen was the at the top, with 15.9 million
people under food crisis. This was 53% of population of the country.

Over 75 million children were reported to be stunted and they were spread across 55
food crisis countries. As 2019, conflict and insecurity were the main drivers of food crisis
in 2020 as well. Africa had the largest number of food insecure people in the world.
3. Global Network against Food Crisis

The Global Network against food crisis was an initiative that was launched by European
Union, World Food Programme, and Food and Agriculture Organization. The network
aims at delivering and formulating nutrition and food security in food crisis. It works
towards achieving zero hunger goal. Zero Hunger Goal is one of the Sustainable
Development Agenda, 2030.
49. What is Corona Virus Copy Machine?
After COVID-19 virus invades a human cell, it begins to replicate or copy itself. In order
to achieve this, the virus uses its enzyme called “copy machine”. With the enzyme the
virus creates its copies after copies.
1. Working
The COVID-19, as soon as it enters a human cell, binds to the human cell enzyme. The
binding is done by the spike like proteins on the virus called the corona.
2. What does the 3D model say?

The 3D structure invented by the researchers found that the COVID-19 virus is similar to
that of the SARS virus.
3. Significance
The research will help in bringing the efficacy of the drug “Remdesivir”. Remdesivir is
one of the drugs that help in blocking polymerase. The drug is under trial of WHO.
4. WHO Trials
WHO has been working on four major trials. They are Remdesivir, Hydroxychloroquine,
Lopinavir and Ritonavir and the combination of Lopinavir and Ritonavir along with
Interferon-beta.
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50. Commonwealth Youth Games postponed to 2023
The 2021 Commonwealth Youth Games is being postponed to 2023 as it faced clash of
dates with the Tokyo Olympics. The Tokyo Olympics that was scheduled to be held from
July 23 to August 8, 2020, was postponed by a year.
1. Highlights
The decision was taken by the Commonwealth Games Federation Executive Board. The
17th Commonwealth youth games were to be held between August 1 and August 7,
2021 in Tobago and Trinidad.
2. Commonwealth Youth Games

The Commonwealth Youth Games is an international sport event that is organized by the
Commonwealth Games Federation. The first commonwealth games were held in
Edinburgh, Scotland. The Commonwealth games is being conducted since 2000. It was
then conducted in 2004, 2008, 2011, 2015 and 2017. The 2008 Commonwealth youth
games were conducted in Pune, India.
3. Commonwealth Games Federation

The Federation was formed in 1932. It is the foremost authority that frames rules for the
commonwealth games. After the success of the first British Empire Games that was held
in Canada in 1930, it was decided that games similar to that of Olympics should be
conducted every four years.
51. Israel isolates key antibody of COVID-19
The Israel Institute of Biological Research has isolated the key COVID-19 antibody. The
“monoclonal neutralizing antibody” developed by the institute is reported to neutralize
COVID-19 virus inside the infected person.
1. Highlights
The scientists believe that the antibody can possibly be the antidote that can be used in
the treatment of COVID-19. The antibody is called monoclonal as it was isolated from a
single recovered cell. The monoclonal antibodies have greater potent values in treating
the disease. Till now, the antibodies that have been isolated are polyclonal. Polyclonal is
isolating anti bodies from several recovered cells. This is the first time, the antibodies of
COVID-19 are isolated from monoclonal antibodies.
2. Background
Israel so far has 16,246 COVID-19 cases. This includes 235 fatalities and 10,064
recoveries. It was one of the first countries to close international borders.
3. Antibodies
Antibodies are proteins naturally produced in human bodies in order to respond the
foreign particles that invade human bodies. The antibodies are specific to the invader.
The concept is used to test COVID-19 as well.
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4. Antibody Test of COVID-19
The antibodies present in blood samples of a person indicate that at some point of time
he was exposed to the virus. This concept is used to detect the presence of the virus.
India has adopted rapid anti body testing for surveillance purpose. However, it is still
using RT-PCR to confirm the virus. The RT-PCR takes 4 to 5 hours to produce results.
52. EPFO Scheme: Rs 764 crore released to the pensioners
On May 5, 2020, the Employees Provident Fund Organization has released Rs 764 crores
to the pensioners.
1. Highlights
Around 135 field offices of the scheme processed the payment. This has been done in
advance to avoid inconvenience of the pensioners during lock down. The bank branches
all over the country have been directed to make sure the pension is credited on time.
2. EPFO
The EPFO is Employment Provident Fund Organization. It was established under the act
EPF and Miscellaneous Provision Act, 1952. The EPFO scheme is implemented by the
Ministry of Labour and Employment.
3. EPFO Scheme, 1952

It was the first EPFO scheme launched by GoI. It paid the labourers accumulated amount
and interest upon death and retirement. It allowed partial withdrawals for marriage,
education, house construction and illness.
4. EPF Scheme 1995

The scheme benefitted disabled survivors that faced accidents during duty, widower and
children.
5. Social Security Code Bill, 2019

The bill was introduced in 2019 to reduce employee contribution to Provident Fund. The
PF has two components namely Employees part and employers’ part. The employees
part currently stands at 12% of the basic salary. The bill intends to provide an option to
the employees to reduce their contribution.
53. May 5: World Asthma Day
Every year, on May 5, World Asthma Day is organized by Global Initiative for Asthma. It
aims to increase awareness about asthma. The day is observed on first Tuesday of May
every year. The World Asthma Day is observed under the theme
1. Need
According to the WHO, around 235 million people are suffering from asthma all over the
world. It is one of the non-communicable disease. Asthma is the most common disease
in children.
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2. Global Initiative for asthma
The Global Initiative for asthma was launched in 1993 under the collaboration of World
Health Organization, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung and Blood
Institute. It provides medical guidelines under which public health officials and health
workers spread all over the world.
3. Asthma in India
In India around 6% of children and 2% of adults are affected due to asthma. In India
Asthma is under treated and under diagnosed.
4. History
The first World Asthma Day was celebrated in 1998 in more than 35 countries. The first
World Asthma Day was celebrated in conjunction with the World Asthma Meeting in
Spain and Barcelona.
54. First Arktika-M satellite to be launched by Russia
Russia is to launch first Arktika-M satellite by December 2020 from Baikonur space. The
satellite is to be used to monitor Arctic climate and environment.
1. Highlights
Russia is to launch series of Arktika satellites. The second Arktika satellite is still under
development and is to be launched by 2023. The data to be collected by these satellites
will help in gathering meteorological data from the polar regions of the earth. The data
collected by these satellites will help in improving weather forecasts and will enable
scientists to study climate change.
2. Significance
The Satellites help in studying climate changes in the polar region and also help in
detecting resources in the polar region. The Arctic region resources have been at the
centre of controversy and pose potential threats of conflicts between nations. Without
the ice, the oceans will begin to absorb more radiation.
3. Why is Climate Change Study in Polar important?

The polar ice is depleting at faster rate. The Depleting ice releases methane and
contribute to climate change as a whole. The ice in the polar region reflects incoming
solar radiation. This will cause heating up of water leading to ocean acidification. Also,
ocean will begin to absorb more heat increasing global warming.
May 6, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
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55. Operation “Samudra Setu” launched by Indian Navy
On May 5, 2020, the Indian Navy launched Operation “Samudra Setu” to bring back the
Indians that are stranded in Maldives. They are stranded in the foreign land due to the
grounding of airlines.
1. Highlights
The Indian ships Jalashwa and Magar are being sent to the port of Male, Maldives. The
plan is to bring around 1000 persons during the first trip. The list of Indians to be
evacuated from the Maldives is being prepared by the Indian Mission in the Republic of
Maldives.

After evacuation, these people from Maldives are to be kept in quarantine at Kochi.
3. INS Jalashwa
INS Jalashwa was formerly known USS Trenton. The USS Trenton was bought from the
Unites States in 2006. The ship was renamed as INS Jalashwa after the purchase.
Jalashwa in Sanskrit means “Hippopotamus”. INS Jalashwa is an amphibious warfare
ship.
4. What is an amphibious ship?

An amphibious warfare ship is an amphibious vehicle warship that is employed to land
and support ground forces.
5. Significance of Amphibious Assault Ships

In 2018, the Government of India initiated Rs 20,000 crore project. Under the project,
four amphibious ships are to be built in India. Each of these ships weigh 30,000 tonnes.
After INS Vikrant, these four ships will be the largest to be built in the country.
56. Portal GARUD launched by DGCA
The Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) operating under Ministry of Civil
Aviation launched “GARUD” Portal. GARUD is Government Authorisation for Relief Using
Drones.
1. Highlights
The GARUD portal will assist state entities to obtain exemptions from central
government to operate drones for COVID-19 purposes. The portal is important as several
state entities are deploying drones to disinfect public places. Especially, the smart cities
are employing drones to spray disinfectants on the roads and other public places.
2. Start Ups
Several startups in India are coming up with new technologies using drones to spray
disinfectants and sanitizers. For instance, the Garuda Aerospace startup has invented
“Corona Killer” drone to spray disinfectants on buildings that are 450 feet high.
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3. Growth Rate
Several World Financial Organizations have projected declining growth rate of India. The
World Bank expects Indian economy to grow at 1.5% to 2.8%. The IMF predicted growth
rate of the country to be 1.9%. The Fitch ratings cut India’s growth rate to 2%.
57. NITI Aayog launches “Nana Nani Abhiyan”
On May 5, 2020, NITI Aayog along with Primal Foundation launched Surakshit Dada-Dadi
and Nana-Nani Abhiyan. The scheme focuses to ensure the wellbeing of the senior
citizens.
1. Highlights
The campaign targets to reach 2.9 million senior citizens that are spread in 25
Aspirational Districts. The districts are spread in Jharkhand, Bihar, Assam, Madhya
Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh.
2. Aspirational Districts
The Aspirational District Programme was launched by PM Modi. Aspirational Districts are
those districts in the country that are affected by poor socio-economic factors. Around
115 districts were identified from 28 states under the programme. The main principles of
the programme is convergence, collaboration and competition.
3. Why does the campaign focus Senior Citizens of Aspirational Districts?

India is among the leading economies in the world that is working hard to become a 5
trillion USD economy by 2024-25. However, the quality life of its citizens is not
consistent to its growth. According to United Nations Human Development Index, 2019,
India ranks 129. Therefore, it is essential to focus more on transformational programmes
such as Aspirational Districts.
58. 3 Schemes launched by Jharkhand to increase MNREGA working days
On May 5, 2020, the Jharkhand Government launched three schemes to increase

working hours of MNREGA workers. The schemes will help generate more than 25 crore
man days and help workers earn more wages.
1. The Schemes
The schemes were launched by the Jharkhand CM Hemant Soren. The schemes are as
follows
2. Birsa Harit Gram Yojana

Under the scheme, fruit bearing plantations are to be planted on either side of the roads.
This will help the villagers earn an annual income of Rs 50,000 after three years.
Meanwhile, during the plantation and growing phase, the MNREGA would support them.
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3. Nilamber-Pitamber Jal Samridhi Yojana
The aim of the scheme is to increase ground water. It intends to create 5 lakh crore litres
of ground water reserve. This will help in cultivation of waste lands.
4. Why MNREGA?
With the migrants returning to their home, the population in the rural areas has
exploded. And, so did unemployment among rural labourers. Of the overall migrated
population, majority were from unorganized sector. Therefore, the GoI under its Pradhan
Mantri Garib Kalyan Ann yojana increased MNREGA wages from Rs 182 to Rs 202.
59. “Nigah” Scheme to be launched by Himachal Pradesh Government
The Himachal Pradesh Government is to launch a new programme called “Nigah”. The
programme aims at educating family members that are coming from other parts of the
country.
1. Highlights
The Nigah Programme is to deploy ASHA, anganwadi and health workers to create
awareness about maintaining social distancing during home quarantine. Under the
programme the health workers will sensitize the members of the family that are arriving
from other states.
2. Significance
The GoI had recently launched train and bus facilities for the migrants stranded in
different states to reach their home town. Disinfectants were sprayed on them during
their stay in quarantine camps. Also, strict social distancing was followed during their
stay. However, they were not tested for COVID-19 infections.
3. ASHA
ASHA is Accredited Social Health Activist. ASHA workers are trained female community
health activist. These women are selected from the community where they are to be
employed. The ASHA scheme is presently implemented in 33 states except Goa,
Puducherry and Chandigarh.
60. Russia awards North Korean Leader Kim Jong Un a commemorative

war medal
On May 5, 2020, the Russian President Vladimir Putin awarded the North Korean leader a
commemorative war medal. The medal has been awarded to mark the 75th anniversary
of victory over Nazi
1. Highlights
The award was received by North Korean Foreign Minister Ri-Son-Gwon on behalf of Kim.
Kim was awarded with the medal for preserving the memory of soviet soldiers that died
during World War II in the North Korean territory.
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2. Russia-North Korea
In 1948, diplomatic relations were established between Soviet Union and North Korea.
During Korean War, the Soviet military forces supported Korean People’s Army. North
Korea was established as communist bloc gaining maximum support from Russia.
3. History of North Korea

The beginning of history of North Korea dates to the end of World War II. After the
Japanese surrendered, Soviet Union and USA agreed to split Korea as North Korea and
South Korea. The North Korea aligned with Soviet and formed Democratic People’s
republic of Korea. The South Korea aligned with western allies and formed Republic of
Korea.
4. Irritants between the countries

Though the trade relations and military relations between Russia and North Korea is on
the good will, Russia has been lately condemning Nuclear aspirations of North Korea. In
2016, following nuclear tests of North Korea, Russia supported decisions of United
Nations Security council.
61. CMIE: Unemployment rate climbs to 27.1%
On May 5, 2020, the Centre for Monitoring of Indian Economy released unemployment
data. According to the data, 121.5 million are without works.
1. Highlights
The data says that 91,3 million daily wage labourers were out of their jobs due to COVID-
19 crisis. Also, 18.2 million entrepreneurs are without work as there are lack of
labourers. Around 17.8 million salaried workers are also affected due to COVID-19.
2. Key findings
The report generated by CMIE had the following findings
3. Farming Sector
Among all the activities, farming was performing good as it was exempted from lock
down. Around 5.8 million farmers returned to work after April 20, 2020. Also, the Food
Corporation of India (FCI) and the National Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation
of India (NAFED) were engaged in their fullest to procure the rabi crops. This included
rice, wheat, pulses and cotton.
62. “Lost At Home”: A Report released by UNICEF
On May 5, 2020, the UNICEF released its report called “Lost at Home”. The report
enforces the risks and challenges of internally displaced children and the need to protect
them.
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According to the report, at the end of 2019, around 46 million people were internally
displaced due to conflict and violence. Among them, every four out of 10 were children,
which is 19 million children.
2. Region Wise
The highest number of children that were displaced were in Middle East and North Africa
(MENA). Around 12 million children were displaced in 2019 alone in MENA due to
violence. The regions where the displacement of children were high includes west and
central Africa, eastern and southern Africa, Latin America and Caribbean, Eastern Europe
and Central Asia, South Asia, East Asia and Pacific and Western Europe.
3. Three Major Countries

The three major countries that accounted to more than half of persons displaced due to
conflict and violence are Syrian Arab Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo and
Yemen.
4. Displacements due to Natural Disasters

In 2019, around 25 million were displaced due to natural disasters. The natural disaster
led disasters were high in India, China, Bangladesh, Philippines. These countries
accounted to 65% of global natural disaster-based displacement.
5. India
In India, according to the report, the displacements were mainly due to disasters. Around
5 million were displaced in India in 2019 due to natural disasters. This mainly includes
floods and storms.
63. Indian American nominated as OECD Envoy by the US President

Trump
On May 6, 2020, the US President Donald Trump appointed Indian American Diplomat
Manisha Singh as his envoy to OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development).
1. Highlights
Manisha Singh was the secretary of State for Economic and Business Affairs. She will
now act as US representative to OECD. She had also served as secretary of economic
growth, environment and energy.
2. OECD
OECD is Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). It was
founded in 1961 to improve world trade and stimulate global economic progress. India is
not a member of OECD.
3. Why is India not a member of OECD?

According to OECD, India is still a developing country. The organization has been formed
by the developed countries. India still has to accede the demands and standards set by
the organization.
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64. Corona Virus Global Response International Pledging Conference

held
On May 5, 2020, around 40 countries took part on an online summit called Global
Response International Pledging Conference.
1. Highlights
The Conference was initiated by European Union. US and Russia did not take part in the
conference. China where the virus originated was represented by its ambassador.
2. Funds
The European Union pledged to donate 1 billion USD. France made its contribution of
500 million USD. Saudi Arabia and Germany each pledged to raise 500 million USD.
Japan had pledged more than 800 million USD.
3. Hosts of the Conference

The Conference was initiated by the European Union. Along with the European Union, the
other countries that co-hosted the conference includes Canada, UK, France, Italy,
Germany, Norway, Japan and Saudi Arabia.

The countries gave their support to WHO in its functioning. The support comes against
the criticisms made by US that WHO is China-centric.
65. Uttar Pradesh Government launches “Ayush Kavach” application
On May 5, 2020, the Uttar Pradesh Government launched Ayush Kavach application to
help people access prescriptions. These prescriptions will help the people to strengthen
their resistance through ancient practices Ayurveda and Yoga. The application aims to
boost the immunity of the people through Ayurveda medicines.
1. Highlights
The Ayush Kavach application is to provide health related information and also tips
about using ayurvedic medicines. The application was launched by the Chief Minister of
Uttar Pradesh Yogi Adityanath.
2. Significance
The application provides information about natural resources that help boost immunity.
The application was developed by the Ayush Department of Uttar Pradesh.
3. Kabasura Kudineer
The Kabasura Kudineer is usually recommended for respiratory ailments such as cold
and flu. It is a well-known Siddha medicine. It consists of 15 ingredients including ginger,
Clove, ajwain, etc.
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4. Other Recommendations
The other traditional medicines recommended by AYUSH includes Agastha Rasayanam,
Kooshbandha Rasayanam, Kandha Kashayam, Dasamoola Kathurayam, Rasayana
sikitcha and Viyagriyadhi Kashayam. These medicines were contributed by Ayurveda.
The Unani branch of AYUSH ministry had contributed Unnab, Behidana and Sapistan
medicines.
66. CCMB: Only centre pooling COVID-19 samples, To Culture virus in

human lung cell
In India, the Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad is the only
centre to pool samples of COVID-19 in the country. The CCMB has now collaborated with
Bengaluru based private company to take up a research activity.
1. Highlights
The collaboration is to grow COVID-19 virus in human cell lines. This will enable in-vitro
tests of vaccines and potential drugs against the virus. In order to achieve this the
collaboration is to use human lung epithelial cell culture system that was developed by
the private company.
2. About the research

The virus is to be cultured outside the host (human). During the culture, the
collaboration will test for the efficacy of drugs and vaccines against the virus. So far,
CCMB has been growing the virus on the cells that were collected from African Greek
Monkey.
3. Why in Human Lung Cell?

The Virus is said to affect the respiratory system of human body very badly. Hence, the
lung cells of all the cells are easily attacked by the virus. Hence, lung cells have been
chosen for the study.
4. Pooling
The CCMB is the only centre in India where the samples of COVID-19 are pooled. Pooling
of samples is collecting the virus samples. So far 9 mutations of COVID-19 have been
found. All such samples have been collected and stored at the centre.
67. New Agro MSME Policy to be implemented
The Government of India is to implement a new Agro MSME policy. The policy is to focus
entrepreneurship in rural, tribal, forest and agricultural areas.
1. Highlights
The Union Minister Nitin Gadkari recently announced that the central government is
working on agro MSME (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise) policy. It aims to encourage
manufacturing products with the help of locally available raw materials.
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2. Objectives of the new policy
The new policy will focus on the following things
May 7, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
68. May 7: “Vesak”, the Day of Full Moon
Vesak, the Day of Full Moon is the most sacred day to the Buddhists all over the world.
On this day, Lord Gautham Buddha attained enlightenment. The Day is commemorated
by the United Nations every year.
1. Highlights
The Day if being celebrated by the United Nations since 2000. The resolution to
celebrate the day was passed in 1999.
2. History
The decision to celebrate birthday of Buddha as Vesak Day was first formalized at the
World Fellowships of Buddhists conference that was held in Sri Lanka in 1950. The
conference was attended by Buddhist leaders from several countries.
69. IMD includes PoK and Gilgit-Baltistan
The Indian Meteorological Department has begun to include Jammu and Kashmir, Gilgit-
Baltistan, Ladakh and Muzaffarabad into its meteorological sub-division of Jammu and
Kashmir.
1. Highlights
The change has reflected in the daily forecast of north west India. The weather forecast
will be given for the entire sub-division of Jammu and Kashmir and not for specific areas.
2. Analysis
The change reflects the changed status of Ladakh. It also comes with underlying
message to the Pakistan Government. The change comes after Pakistan Government
decided to hold elections in Gilgit-Baltistan.
3. Current Scenario
In 2009, the then Pakistani President Asif Ali Zardari aimed to empower the people of
Gilgit-Baltistan region. Hence, he passed a self-governance order for the region.
According to the order, the region has a legislative assembly that implements self-rule in
the region.
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4. Legislation
The province Gilgit-Baltistan is governed by unicameral legislature with a legislative
assembly. The Chief Minister represents the people at the assemble. The region also has
a governor.
70. For the first time in India: More rural Internet users than Urban
The Internet and Mobile Association of India recently released a report according to
which the active internet users in rural India has increased by 10% as compared to that
of rural India. According to the report, rural India had 227 million active internet users
and urban India had 205 million internet users. This is the first time in Indian history the
number of rural internet users have surpassed urban internet users.
1. Key findings of the report

The report says that around 71 million kids between age 5 and 11 go online using
devices of their family members. India has also become the second largest internet user
after China. In India the number of active internet users of age 5 years and above is 504
million. In China, the number is around 850 million active users. In USA, there are 280 to
300 million users.
2. Internet usage in India

The female internet users were higher than that of the male internet users. The local
languages are gaining importance in the internet platform of India. Around 13 million of
the 22 million monthly page views are in local languages like Marathi, Hindi and Bengali.
71. BEE initiatives lead to Rs 89,122 crores
On May 6, 2020, the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy released report on “Impact
of Energy Efficiency Measures, 2018-19”. According to the report, energy initiatives of
BEE have helped to save Rs 89,122 crores.
1. Key Highlights
The report assessed annual savings of energy and carbon dioxide emissions. According
to the report, the energy efficiency schemes have helped to save 113 billion units of
electricity. This when converted to money, the scheme has helped save Rs 89, 122
crores.
2. Objective of the report

The report aimed to evaluate the performance and impact of the key energy efficiency
initiatives in the country. In the 2018-19 study, the report identified the following
programmes as the key energy efficiency programmes
3. India’s pledges at COP21

India at COP21 has pledged that the energy intensity of its economy will reduce by 33%
to 35% as compared to that of 2005. This is to be achieved by 2030. India has already
reduced its energy intensity by 20% as compared to 2005.
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72. Vandhe Bharat Mission: The Biggest Evacuation Exercise begins
On May 7, 2020, the Government of India is to begin “Vandhe Bharat Mission”. The
mission is considered as one of the biggest evacuation exercise.
1. Highlights
The Vandhe Bharat Mission aims at bringing stranded Indians from all over the world.
More than 14,800 Indians are stranded abroad. The mission also aims at operating non-
scheduled commercial flights. These commercial flights will carry people to London and
Singapore and also selected places in USA.
2. Operating Procedure of the mission

Under the mission, the people evacuated are to compulsorily download “Arogya Setu”
application. After returning to India, these people are to be kept under quarantine for 14
days.
3. History
The entire Vandhe Bharat Mission is to be led by Air India. The Air India in 1990 had
conducted similar mission. During the mission, around 111,711 Indians were air lifted
from the Gulf after Iraq invaded Kuwait.
73. Iran: New Currency introduced to tackle Inflation
The Iran Government has recently come up with the decision of changing the name of
the its currency to toman. The unit of Iranian currency if Rial. According to the Iranian
Government, one Toman is 10,000 rials.
1. Highlights
Gheran is another new denomination. 100 Gheran makes a Toman. The new system was
authorized by the Iranian Parliament recently to manage high inflation in the country. In
order to make Toman, the four zeros in the older currency notes are alone removed. Rial
will still remain legal.
2. Devaluation of the currency

The Iranian Currency faced devaluation during four major key points namely
74. GoI to launch Farmers’ Movement on Integrated Soil Nutrient

Management
On May 6, 2020, the Union Minister of Agriculture Shri Narendra Singh Tomar has called
for farmers’ movement to integrate soil nutrient management. The announcement was
made during progress review of Soil Health Programme.
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1. Highlights
The Farmer movement is to be launched by the Ministry of Agriculture. It will include soil
testing and campaigns addressing the importance of application of fertilizers based on
reports of soil testing. The movement will cover more than 1 lakh villages. It is to be
launched and implemented in 2020-21. The movement will also encourage youths to set
up soil testing labs in their villages. The women and members of SHGs will be
encouraged to support the movement.
2. Bharatiya Prakritik Krishi Padhati

The scheme aims to promote natural farming. It plans to cover 12 lakh hectares of land.
It is a centrally sponsored scheme.
3. Soil Health Programme

The soil health programme was launched in 2015. Under the scheme, soil cards are
provided to the farmers that report the soil quality. The cards provide nutrient status of
the soil and also information about the application of proper dosage of nutrients to
improve soil fertility.
75. Iraq new Prime Minister: Mustafa Al Kadhimi
Mustafa Al Kadhimi was chosen as the first Iraq Prime Minister after Adel Abdul Mahdi
resigned in November 2019. On May 7, 2020, Iraq parliament voted to choose Mustafa
Kadhimi as the new prime minister of Iraq.
1. Highlights
In November 2019, Adel Abdul Mahdi resigned due to massive anti-governmental
protests. Since then, it is Mustafa who has become the proper Iraq Prime Minister.
2. Al Kadhimi
Al Kadhimi does not belong to any political party. He was a former intelligence chief and
was nominated for the post of PM in April. He was nominated by the President of Iraq
Barham Salih.
3. Constitution of Iraq
The Constitution of Iraq came into force in 1925. It remained under effect till 1958. Later
several adoptions were made under the constitution in 1964, 1968 and 1970. The
current constitution was framed in 2005 by the Iraqi Governing Council that was selected
by the Coalition forces and the USA.
76. GOI launches three AYUSH based Researches
On May 6, 2020, the Ministry of AYUSH launched three studies related to COVID-19. The
researches will help in studying impacts of AYUSH based prophylactic interventions in
preventing COVID-19. (Prophylactic means intended to prevent diseases).
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1. Task Force
The interdisciplinary AYUSH R&D Task Force has framed a protocol for prophylactic
studies. The task force consists of experts from CSIR (Council of Scientific and Industrial
Research), Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of AYUSH, Ministry of Health and
Family Welfare.
2. Highlights of the studies

The studies are to be launched in the following
77. Long March 5B: China’s new Rocket launch successful
China had launched a new rocket and a deep-space spacecraft to operate a permanent
space station and also to send astronauts to moon.
1. Highlights
China launched the Long March 5B rocket from its Wenchang launch site that is located
on the island of Hainan. The rocket is a massive vehicle and is being compared with
deep space Orion capsule of NASA.

The rocket in the future will help China transport astronauts to space station by 2022.
The rocket launch will also aid China in its plans of building a huge space station called
“Tiangong”.
3. Tiangong
Tiangong is the space station programme of China. The programme is independent and
unconnected to other international space activities. In 2011, China launched its first
space laboratory called Tiangong-1. Later, in 2016, the second space laboratory was
launched called Tiangong-2.
4. US and China
The United States is the only country to have sent humans to moon. China on the other
hand has carried astronauts to space and has successfully landed a rover to the far side
of the moon in 2019. China is now set to land its rover on mars by the end of 2020.
78. India begins Clinical Trials of AYUSH medicines
On May 7, 2020, the Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare began clinical trials of
AYUSH medicines. The trials are to be conducted on voluntary health workers that are
working on the frontline of COVID-19.
1. Highlights
The Clinical trials of AYUSH medicines such as Ashwagandha, Guduchi, Yashitimadhu are
to be conducted on voluntary health workers. The trials are to be held in high risk zones
of the country.
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2. About the researches
The Ministry of AYUSH launched 3 researches to prevent the spread of COVID-19 and
also to control the disease. The first research will study about Ayurvedic drugs. Second
research will find AYUSH related solutions to ease and improve lives of people in high
risk areas. An application called “Sanjivani” was launched to learn about the acceptance
of people in using AYUSH as a cure to COVID-19.
3. Current Scenario
Today there are around 35,902 COVID-19 cases in the country. Among these, 16,758
have been discharged. Of all the states Maharashtra has the highest number of cases
followed by Gujarat and Delhi.
79. Vizag Gas Tragedy leaked Styrene Gas
Styrene Gas leaked from LG Polymers Plant in Vishakhapatnam. The tragedy claimed
eight lives.
1. What is a Styrene gas?

Styrene is a chemical compound identified as neuro-toxins. It is also known as Vinyl
Benzene, Ethyl Benzene and Phenyl Benzene. Styrene Gas is colourless and odourless.
The gas spreads in air very quickly.
2. Health Impacts
The Styrene gas affects respiratory system. It causes chest congestion, gasping, air
hunger and wheezing. It slowly paralyses the lung muscles causing complete respiratory
paralysis. This leads to death due to oxygen deprivation.
3. The Tragedy
The Styrene Gas leak from a South Korean electronics giant LG has claimed lives of at
least 11 people and affected more than 1000 residents. The plant was located about 15
km from the coastal city of Vizag.
May 8, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
80. UNEP: Actress Dia Mirza’s term as Goodwill Ambassador extended
On May 7, 2020, the United Nations Environment Programme extended the term of
actress Dia Mirza as the Goodwill ambassador of India till 2022. The actress is also
United Nations Sustainability Development Goal Advocate.
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1. About Goodwill Ambassadors
A Goodwill Ambassador in general is a person who supports global issue or specific
cause. The United Nations appoints goodwill ambassadors for its missions FAO, UNDP,
UNAIDS, UNEP, UNODC, UNFPA, UNHCR, UNICEF, UNESCO, UNIDO, WHO, WEP,
UNWOMEN, IMO, UN-Habitat, OHCR. Under the programme, UNICEF has the largest
number of ambassadors which is 300.
2. Payments
The Goodwill ambassadors are not paid under the UNEP. However, they will be provided
with a symbolic payment of 1 USD per year. They will also be provided travel allowances.
3. Role of a Good will Ambassador

Good will Ambassadors on the request of the United Nations will raise funds, engage in
public advocacy (like creating awareness, etc.). Their term of service is for 2 years.
4. Dia Mirza Contribution

Dia Mirza had taken active part in the campaign “Beat the Pollution”. She had also made
significant contributions towards World Environment Day celebrations, Circular fashions
and other UNEP campaigns.
81. ICAR prepared fisheries guidelines become part of FAO
On May 7, 2020, the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) released advisories to
fisheries sector in 12 languages. Apart from Hindi and English, advisories were issued in
10 regional languages.
1. Highlights
The advisories were prepared and issued by ICAR-CIFRI (Central Inland Fisheries
Research Institute), Barrackpore. It included rivers, reservoirs, estuaries, wetlands and
reservoirs. Apart from these, capture fisheries were also included.
2. FAO Global Guidelines

The advisories for fisheries sector have become part of FAO global guidelines. The Food
and Agriculture Organization has recommended the advisories prepared by the council
for the region of Asia and its initiatives. The guidelines have been made voluntary
guidelines for securing Sustainable small-scale fisheries.
3. Need
The advisories come as the fish workers, processors, fishermen and their communities
face threats of pandemic. This has been affecting their livelihoods and value chains.
4. How is COVID-19 affecting Fisheries sector?

The fishing activity has come to a halt. This was mainly because of labour shortage,
limited supplies of ice, gear and bait. As the markets are closed because of lock down
the fish farmers are not able to sell their harvest. The export species are equally
affected. The fisheries sector has also received major blow from the closure of food
services especially, the hotels and restaurants operating in tourism sector.
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5. Successful Measures in India
 Time Auction System adopted in Kerala had been a huge hit.
 Large scale mechanized boats have been banned in India. However, small beach landing
boats are allowed to help in food security needs of the fishermen.
 Around 75,000 fishermen are still staying in the sea. They are kept in the sea to ensure their
safety. In Gujarat, around 15,000 trawlers have been anchored to keep the fishermen safe.
They are said to be under sea quarantine.
82. Ordinance passed by UP to suspend labour laws
On May 7, 2020, the Uttar Pradesh Government passed an ordinance to suspend labour
laws in the state for three years. The ordinance is being passed to boost industrial
investment and also help the migrants who have returned back to the state. Around 7
lakh migrant workers from all over the country have returned back to their state.
1. Significance
The “Uttar Pradesh Temporary Exemption from Certain Labour Laws Ordinance, 2020”
will allow the industries to freely employ large number of migrant workers. Also, the
ordinance will help to bring back the economy back to track.
2. Exclusions
The ordinance does not include Building and other Construction Workers Act, Bonded
Labour Act, Workmen Compensation Act and Section 5 of Payment Wages Act.
3. Inclusions
The ordinance will suspend laws that related to occupational safety, industrial disputes,
contract workers, trade union related laws and laws related to migrant labourers.
4. Is Central Government Approval required?

Labour is a Concurrent subject. Therefore, both centre and state governments shall
frame their own laws. However, approval of central government is required.
5. Current Scenario in other states

The Madhya Pradesh Government had exempted the manufacturing units from Factories
Act, 1948.
83. India Russia to sign MoU on Coking Coal
On May 7, 2020, Indian Petroleum Minister Shri Dharmendra Pradhan and Russian
Energy Minister alexander Novak held a meeting through video conference. The
ministers reviewed ongoing projects.
1. Highlights
The ministers emphasized on the cooperation in coking sector. They also held talks
about signing a Memorandum of Understanding on Coking coal. The Russian minister
briefed about the OPEC+ agreement that was recently signed.
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2. Importance of Coking Coal
India will require 180 million tonnes of coking coal by 2030-31. The coking coal is to be
mainly used to cater steel industry. This comes because the National Steel Policy aims to
increase the steel production by 300 million tonnes by 2030.
3. Background of the meet

India is seeking long term agreement of crude oil supply from Russia to diversify the
sources of hydrocarbon. India is also interested in gas infrastructure, gas business and
petrochemicals industries in Russia.
4. Other Interests of India

India is interested to explore new sea routes in the Russian Arctic to source crude oil
from the region. Also, it intends to revive the Vladivostok-Chennai shipping line to source
coking coal from the region.
84. May 8-9: Time of Remembrance and Reconciliation for Those who
Lost their Lives during Second World War
Every year during May 8-9, the United Nations marks the Time of Remembrance and
reconciliation for those who lost their lives during Second World War. This is being
marked as the historic event paved way for the establishment of the United Nations.
Also, the day pays tribute to all the victims of Second World War.
1. Highlights
The day was declared in 2004 as was commemorated by the United Nations since then.
However, the UN urged the NGOs, its member countries and other organizations to join
the commemoration of the day through a resolution that was passed in 2010.
2. VE Day and VJ Day

VE Day is called the Victory in Europe Day. The day is widely marked in Europe on May
8. This year the 75th anniversary is being commemorated to end hostilities in Europe.
The day signifies the end combat operations in Germany, Greece, Scandinavia, Balkan
states and Italy.
85. Indian Scientists develop energy efficient photodetector for security

applications
The scientists from the Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advances Scientific Research
(JNCASR) has fabricated energy efficient photodetector for security applications.
1. Highlights
The autonomous institute has fabricated energy efficient, economical and wafer scale
photodetector. The photodetector was designed using gold-silicon interface for security
applications. It will also help to detect weak scattered light.
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2. Challenges
Today, photodetectors are used in wide range of applications. They are employed in
wide range of applications from control of automatic lighting in supermarkets to detect
radiations from outer galaxy. The only issue is their cost of fabrication. This makes them
unaffordable for day to day applications.
3. About the invention

The scientists in the new invention have fabricated gold-silicon interface that shows high
sensitivity towards light. The interface was brought between the elements with the help
of galvanic deposition.
4. Benefits
The detector has a rapid response time of 40 micro seconds. It covers broad range
between UV and IR. As the device works in self powered mode, no external power source
is required. This makes the device highly energy efficient.
86. May 8: World Thalassemia Day
Every year, World Thalassemia Day is observed on May 8. It aims to create awareness
about Thalassemia and avoid the disease from transmitting to other people. It is also
observed to provide better quality of life to people suffering from Thalassemia.
1. Highlights
The World Thalassemia Day is observed under the theme
2. What is Thalassemia?
Thalassemia is genetic blood disorder that is characterized by abnormal haemoglobin
production. There are two major types of Thalassemia namely Alpha Thalassemia and
Beta Thalassemia.
3. Thalassemia in India
India is in the Thalassemia belt of the world. Over 3.7% of the total Thalassemia patients
are in India. Of all the states, West Bengal is the most affected state of Thalassemia.
87. What is “The Resistance Front” in news frequently?
“The Resistance Front” is the new name of terror group in Kashmir. The group is made of
existing terror groups such as Jais-e-Mohammad, Hizbul Mujahidin, LeT (Lashkar-e-Taiba)
and Al-Badr.
1. Highlights
According to the Indian Army, The Resistance Front (TRF) is like the old wine in new
bottle! The new terror group is being supported by Pakistan. This is being done to get
deniability of action under the Financial Action Task Force (FATF). Pakistan has been
under constant pressure from the FATF to cut its financial support to the terrorist
organizations.
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2. How is TRF operating?
The TRF has an active online presence. It is now a rebranded terror group as a non-
religious rebellion. It uses Haqqani and Jaish-e-Mohammad in Afghanistan to target
Indian Embassy and other consulates.
3. Background
The TRF has come up in the Kashmir region after Indian Government had abrogated
Article 370. It is to be noted that the TRF has owned responsibility for the first grenade
attack on October, 2019 after scrapping Article 370. Recently, in March 2020, the
Kashmir police arrested 6 terrorists who claimed themselves to be part of the TRF.
88. NSAFE: First antimicrobial and washable Face Mask
The Startup of IIT Delhi has found an antimicrobial face mask that can be washed and
reused for 50 times. The Nanosafe Solutions at IIT Delhi has developed the masks to
fight against COVID-19.
1. Highlights
The NSAFE face mask provides 99.2% of bacterial filtration. This is the first fabric-based
face mask that is antimicrobial and washable. The mask complies ASTM standards.
2. ASTM International
It was formerly known as American Society for Testing and Materials. It is an
international standards organization that develops and publishes technical standards for
materials, services and products. The headquarters of the organization is located in
Pennsylvania. It was founded in 1898.
3. About the mask

The Mask provides the wearer three different mechanisms namely mechanical filtration,
repulsion of aerosol droplets and antimicrobial decontamination.
4. What is splash resistant?

Splash resistance is the capability of the mask to survive in rain as well. In simple words,
the mask and its layers will work the same in rain as well. They are water proof.
89. National Land Management Corporation recommended by National

Infrastructure Pipeline Task Force
The Task Force on National Infrastructure Pipeline recently submitted its report to the
Finance Minister Smt Nirmala Sitaraman. Under the report, the task force has
recommended to set up National Land Management Corporation.
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1. Highlights
The National Land Management Corporation will help to monetize state-owned surplus
lands in a systematic way. The Task Force recommends to set up the corporation under
Companies Act. The Corporation will also manage the lands that are owned by the
Government of India.
2. Role of the corporation

The following were recommended by the task force
3. Background
The Government of India is to bring about 100 lakh crore investment in the
infrastructure sector in the next five years. Therefore, it is important to bring about new
monitoring agencies as that of the National Land Management Corporation to make sure
there is enough availability of land to make the investment fruitful.
90. UN launches 6.7 billion USD for vulnerable countries
The United Nations and its partner agencies have launched 6.7 billion USD global appeal
in order to fight against COVID-19.
1. Highlights
Initially, the organization had pledged to provide 2 billion USD to vulnerable countries to
fight against COVID-19. However, it has now increased the amount to 6.7 billion USD.
The plan under which this is to be done is called the “Global Humanitarian Response
Plan”.
2. Significance
The United Nations has identified evidences of incomes dropping, food supplies falling,
jobs disappearing, prices roaring and most importantly children missing meals and
vaccination.
3. Countries Covered
The world organization had already covered 54 countries. Additional 9 countries have
been added. This includes Liberia, Djibouti, Pakistan, Mozambique, Sierra Leone,
Philippines, Zimbabwe and Togo.
91. Royal Bengal Tigers in Sundarbans increase to 96
On May 7, 2020, the Bengal Forest Ministry announced that the number of Royal Bengal
Tigers in the Sundarbans has increased to 96 according to the census conducted for the
year 2019-20.
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1. Highlights
In 2017-18, the total count of Royal Bengal Tigers in Sundarbans was 87. It increased to
88 in the 2018-19 census. With the numbers reaching 96, there has been a big leap. The
tigers are healthy according to the video footages of the forest department. The
cameras have been installed across 4,200 square kilometres. Of this, 3,700 square
kilometres is said to be tiger territory.
2. Tiger Territory
Tigers live in dense vegetation. A habitat of a tiger is not only the place where it lives
and preys. It also includes the areas where the tigers congregate and establishes a
territory. It is called Tiger Territory. Tigers generally limit their movements within their
territory. Every tiger has its own territory.
3. Sundarbans
The Sundarbans are of universal importance and is the largest mangrove forest in the
world. It is one of the World Heritage Site. The Sundarbans mangrove forests are formed
on the delta of Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna rivers.
4. Global Tiger Forum

The Global Tiger Forum is the only inter-governmental organization that is involved in
promoting conservation of tiger. India is also a part of the programme. According to the
forum, tigers have lost 97% of their population and 94% of their home.
May 9, 2020
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92. Massive Exercise to supply pulses and food grains to 80 crore people
On May 8, 2020, Union Minister for Food and Public Distribution Shri Ram Vilas Paswan
announced that NAFED (National Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation of India
Limited) is to provide free pulses for three months to more than 19.5 crore households
for three months.
1. Highlights
On one side, the GoI is undergoing the procurement process on full scale and on the
other side it is distributing food grains under Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana. The
procurement is being done by FCI (Food Corporation of India) and NAFED (National
Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation of India Limited). This year, the Food
Corporation of India has loaded 73.95 lakh metric tonnes of food grains. This includes
55.38 lakh tonnes of rice and 18.57 lakh tonnes of wheat.
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2. The Exercise
Under the exercise, the Government is to distribute free 1 kg of pulses to 19.5 crore
people for a period of three months. This is the first time Government is carrying such a
massive operation. The stock of pulses in about 165 NAFED godowns are to be used in
the scheme. Around 100 dal mills are to work to achieve the target.
3. Progress so far
So far, 51,105 lakh tonnes of pulses have been distributed. This includes Urad Whole,
Tur Dal, Moong whole, Channa Dal and Masur Dhal.
93. India Post delivers testing kits from ICMR
India Post has tied up with ICMR (Indian Council of Medical Research) to deliver COVID-
19 testing kits to around 200 labs. These labs have been designated by the ICMR.
1. Highlights
ICMR has planned to conduct 1 lakh COVID-19 tests per day all over the country. In order
to achieve this, India Post with its 1,50,000 post offices has entered into an agreement
with the ICMR.
2. Significance
India Post will help to reach remote places in the north eastern region such as
Dungarpur, Jhalwar. Apart from this, it will also deliver the kits to other cities such as
Imphal, Kolkata, Aizawl, Jodhpur, Rachi, Bhubaneshwar, Udaipur and Kota.
3. Other Steps by India Posts

India Posts like the Railways has been contributing greatly in serving the people during
lock down. India Post had earlier been distributing food and ration, medicines, mails and
financial assistance at door steps during lock down.
4. Delivery of Kits
The kits are delivered with a packing of dry ice.
5. Dry Ice
Dry Ice is a solid form of carbon dioxide. It is used as cooling agent. The main advantage
of dry ice is that its temperature is lower than that of water ice.
94. INR-USD Futures and Options Contracts launched by Finance

Minister
On May 9, 2020, the Union Finance Minister Smt Nirmala Sitaraman launched the INR-
USD Futures and Options contracts in the BSE and NSE platforms. They were launched at
the GIFT International Financial Service Centre (IFSC) in Gandhinagar, Gujarat through
video conference.
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1. Significance
The contracts have been launched to increase economic activity and employment in the
country. A significant market share of India has moved to other International financial
Centres in the last decade. The move will help to bring back those businesses back to
India.
2. What is Future and Option?

Future and Options are financial products that allow investors to buy or sell shares at
specific price by a specific date.
2.1. Types of Option

There are two types of Option. The Call Option is used to buy a stock at the strike price
and put option is used to sell a stock at a specific price.
95. Defence Ministry signs MoU with TATA Power to modernize 37

airfields
On May 8, 2020, the Ministry of Defence signed a contract with the TATA POWER SED to
modernize infrastructure of 37 airfields of Indian Air Force. The cost of the project is
estimated to be around Rs 1,200 crore.
1. The Plan
Under Phase-1 of the Modernization of Airfield Infrastructure, the airfields of the Indian
Air Force were upgraded. The contract has been signed under phase-2 of the
programme. Under Phase-2, the navigational aids and infrastructure are to be upgraded.
2. Modernization of Airfield Infrastructure

Under the project, the first modern airfield system was set up at Bhatinda. The project
was worth Rs 2,500 crores. Under Phase I, around 30 airfields were modernized. It was
signed in 2011 at a total cost of Rs 1,219 crores.
96. May 9: World Migratory Bird Day
Every year, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) marks the World
Migratory Day on May 9. It is an annual campaign that creates awareness about the
need to conserve migratory birds and their habitats. This year the day is being
celebrated under the theme
1. Highlights
The World Migratory Day was first introduced in 2006 at the Convention on the
Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild animals.
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Connectivity has become essential for migratory species. This is because, currently 1
million species are facing risks of extinction due to loss of connectivity. Migratory birds
connect different countries and cooperation among them is essential to conserve these
species.
3. Key Issues
On the World Migratory Bird Day, the UNEP identifies the following as the key issues. The
man-made structures pose great threats to more than 350 species of migratory birds,
especially at night. The structures that are made of reflective materials such as glass
cause death of several migratory birds.
97. CSIR begins clinical trials of two drugs
On May 8, 2020, the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) begins its clinical
trials on Favipiravir and Phytopharmaceutical.
1. Highlights
Apart from Favipiravir and Phytopharmaceutical, the CSIR is also working on native
herbs as biological medicine. The DGCI (Drug Controller General of India) has approved
the clinical trials to be conducted by the CSIR.
2. Other medicines
Apart from the two medicines, the CSIR is also trying several other drugs. In May 2016,
the pharmaceutical company ICCGEB (International Centre for Genetic Engineering and
Biotechnology), Delhi had signed agreement to develop botanical drug to treat dengue.
The efficacy of this medicine in treating COVID-19 is almost similar. The drug is already
in phase II of human trial.
98. Amendments to Prime Minister Research Fellowship Scheme (PMRF)
The Union Ministry of Human Resource and Development recently announced various
amendments to Prime Minister Research Fellowship Scheme.
1. Highlights
Under the scheme, a dedicated division called “Research and Innovation Division” was
created to boost research. The division is to be headed by director who coordinates
research work of several institutions under the Ministry of HRD.
2. PMRF Scheme
The scheme is designed to improve quality of research in higher educational institutions.
The main aim of the scheme is to attract best talent into the research. The PMRF
Scheme was first introduced in the Union Budget 2018-19. The institutes that are eligible
under PMRF scheme includes IISERs, IITs, IISc Bengaluru and other top central
universities and NITs. Above all the institutes should offer science and technology
degrees.
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99. GoI sets up Centre of Excellence for coir applications
The Coir Board signed a Memorandum of Understanding with IIT Madras. The
memorandum aims to set up a Centre of Excellence for Coir Applications.
1. Highlights
Under the MoU, the Centre of Excellence is to extend the research work of the coir sector
with the support of IIT Madras. The MoU will extend the use of Coir Geo Textiles. The Coir
Geo Textiles are used to prevent soil erosion in river embankments, slopes and mine
slope stabilization. The Coir Geo Textiles can also be used in low volume rural roads as
re-enforcement material.
2. Role of Centre of Excellence

The Centre of Excellence of Coir applications will assist in generating technology transfer
and Intellectual Property Rights. It will provide financial assistance of Rs 5 crores for a
period of two years. Around 27 areas of Research and Development have been identified
that are to be taken up by the Centre of Excellence. This includes 10 projects of IIT-
Madras.
3. Significance of Coir
India and Sri Lanka are the leading producers of Coir. Together, they account to 90% of
global coir fiber production.
100. AIIB approves 500 million USD for India
On May 8, 2020, the AIIB (Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank) approved 500 million
USD to COVID-19 to India. The funds were aimed to scale up the containment efforts and
strengthen the health system. This will help manage future outbreaks.
1. Highlights
The funds are to be used for Emergency Response and Health Systems Preparedness
Project. The Project consists of 6 components.
2. AIIB
The AIIB had doubled its COVID-19 Crisis Recovery Facility to 10 billion USD. Earlier, the
bank had allocated 5 billion USD. It doubled its funds in order to make sure funds are
available to all its members in fulfilling economic needs and address public health
pressures. It will also help in quick recovery from the crisis.
3. Emergency Response and Health Systems Preparedness Project

In April 2020, the Indian Government announced that Rs 15,000 crores would be
allocated to contain the spread of the virus. The funds were to be utilised under
Emergency Response and Health Systems Preparedness Project.
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101. May 9: Birth Anniversary of Maharana Pratap Singh I
Maharana Pratap Singh popularly known as “Maharana” was the 13th king of Mewar (the
present Rajasthan). He was born on May 9, 1540.
1. Rana and the Mughals

The “Siege of Chittorgarh” led to the loss of fertile eastern belt to the Mughals in 1568.
Akbar wanted to establish a secure route to Gujarat through Mewar. So, he sent number
of envoys to King Rana to become a vassal just like the other Rajputs. Rana refused.
Hence, the Battle of Haldighati was fought
2. Battle of Haldighati
Maharana is known for his bravery in the Battle of Haldighati. The battle was fought on
18 June, 1576 between Maharana and the forces of Akbar. Rana fought with 22,000
forces against 2 lakh soldiers of the Mughal army. The Mughals were led by Man Singh of
Amber. Rana’s forces were defeated in 6 hours.
3. Reconquest
Though, the Rana lost, he and his chief army men escaped with wounds. They re-
gathered their forces, fought and won against the Mughals after six years in 1582. The
Mughals faced terrible defeat and Akbar stopped his military campaigns against Mewar
after this.
102. IEA Report: Global Energy Review, 2020
The International Energy Agency recently released Global Energy Review in 2020. The
report highlights the global energy demand in 2020 and carbon dioxide emissions.
1. Highlights
The report was prepared by collecting data from 30 countries. This includes India and
China.

According to the report, 15% of the daily electricity demand has been reduced. The
decline was mainly due to complete lock down in the countries such as India, Italy,
France, UK.
3. Service Sectors
The decline in power consumption was noted in countries where service sectors were
dominant. The service sectors included were hospitality, retail, tourism and education.
4. Fossil Fuel
The lock down has also reduced fossil-fuel based power generation. In India, according to
the report, electricity production from coal has declined by 32.2% as compared to 2019
level.
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5. Coal
The Global Coal Demand reduced by 8% as compared to 2019. This was mainly due to
three reasons. One, China, a coal-based economy was hit badly. Two, availability of
cheap gas. Three, increased use of renewables.
6. Oil
The oil demand was reduced by 5%. The transport connectivity all over the world has
been reduced by 50% and aviation has been reduced by 60%
7. Carbon Dioxide Emissions

The Carbon Dioxide Emissions have declined by 8% as compared to 2019 levels. This is
almost 2.6 giga tonnes. These levels of carbons dioxide was found in the earth’s
atmosphere before 10 years.
103. NMITLI Programme of CSIR to conduct “hmAbs” trial to neutrialize

COVID-19
The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) under its New Millennium Indian
Technology Leadership Initiative (NMITLI) is to develop human monoclonal antibodies
(hmAbs). These antibodies will neutralise COVID-19 virus in patients.
1. Highlights
The CSIR on one side is fighting hard against COVID-19 through its own researches. On
the other side, it is also working and supporting industries and public sector units that
are coming up with solutions to COVID-19. One such initiative is developing “hmAbs”.
2. About the project

The project will generate hmAbs from patients that are in convalescent phase.
Convalescent is patients that are recovering from illness. The project also aims to
generate hmAbs clones. These clones are expected to neutralize mutated virus.
3. Israel was first

The monoclonal neutralizing antibodies were first developed by Israel. Till now only
polyclonal antibodies have been invented. Israel was the first to isolate monoclonal
antibodies.
4. What are monoclonal antibodies?

If the antibodies are recovered from a single recovered cell, they are called monoclonal
antibodies. On the other hand, if they are recovered from multiple cells, they are called
polyclonal antibodies.
5. NMITLI
The NMITLI is the largest PPP (Public-private partnership) model of Research and
Development programme in the country. The main aim of the project is to catalyse
innovation and technological developments.
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May 10, 2020
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104. UN released commemorative stamp on 40th anniversary of Small

Pox Eradication
On May 9, 2020, the World Health Organization and the United Nations Postal Agency
released a commemorative stamp to mark 40th anniversary of eradication of small pox.
1. Highlights
The World Health Organization small pox eradication campaign was initiated in 1967. In
1980, the organization officially declared that the world is free from small pox.
2. Small Pox in India

Small pox was is now an eradicated disease in India. India eradicated small pox due to
the small pox eradication programme of the WHO. In 1974, India was one of the highly
affected countries of small pox in the world. It had over 86% of world small pox cases.
With the help of WHO, India started “TARGET ZERO”.
3. Lessons for COVID-19 from Small Pox

In the case of small pox, WHO did not have funds to fight against the disease in 1967.
Therefore, the first and foremost step in fighting COVID-19 is raising funds.
105. Shekatkar Committee: Abolition of 9,304 Military Engineering

Services
Union Defence Minister Shri Rajnath Singh recently approved the abolition of 9,304 posts
in the military engineering services. The posts were abolished based on the
recommendation of Shekatar Committee.
1. Highlights
The late Defence Minister Manohar Parrikar in 2016 appointed a 11-member committee.
It was named the Shekatar Committee. Of all the recommendations made by the
committee, around 65 were approved in 2017. The committee had made a total of 99
recommendations. If all the recommendations are implemented according to the
committee, India can save Rs 25, 000 crores.
2. Abolition of Posts
The number of posts abolished were 9,304. In total there were total 13,157 vacancies.
The abolished posts were included in the vacancies.
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3. Shekatar Committee
The committee had recommended closure of military farms and postal establishments in
peace regions. It also recommended enhancement of standards to recruit drivers in the
army and clerical staff. It had made several changes in the reorganization of the Army
Headquarters. The number of officers were recommended to reduce to 200.
106. SC places Cooperative banks under SARFAESI Act
The Supreme Court of India recently pronounced its judgement that cooperative banks
shall be placed under SARFAESI Act.
1. Highlights
The Supreme court has upheld the GoI notification dated January 28, 2003 under which
the cooperative societies have come under SARFAESI Act. The Apex court has also ruled
that the Cooperative Banks have also come under the definition of banks under Banking
Regulation Act, 1949.
2. Sarfaesi Act
Sarfaesi Act is Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of
Security Interest Act. The banks utilize the act as tool to reciver bad loans, especially the
non-performing assets.
107. GoI launches “Mission Sagar”
On May 10, 2020, the Government of India has launched “Mission Sagar”, an outreach
programme amidst COVID-19 pandemic. The mission aims at providing food items,
Ayurvedic medicines related to COVID-19, HCQ tablets to Maldives, Madagascar,
Seychelles and Comoros.
1. Highlights
The Indian Naval Ship Kesari has been deployed under the mission. The operation is
being conducted under close cooperation of Ministry of Defence and Ministry of External
Affairs. The mission has been deployed under close consonance with the India’s vision
“SAGAR” in the Indian Ocean.
2. What is SAGAR Vision?

In 2015, India introduced its vision of Indian Ocean called “SAGAR”, Security and Growth
for All in the Region. India aims to seek economic and security cooperation with its
neighbours (especially maritime neighbours) under the vision. In order to achieve this
India would cooperate on exchange of information, building of infrastructure, coastal
surveillance and strengthening mutual capabilities.
3. Analysis
The mission can easily be related with India’s SAGAR vision. India has strong Naval
presence in all the four countries included in the mission.
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May 11, 2020
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108. May 11: National Technology Day
Every year, National Technology Day is observed on May 11, 1974 in order to remind
India’s technological advancements. This year the day is being observed under the
theme
1. Why on May 11?

On May 11, India tested its first successful Shakti-I nuclear missile. The missile was
tested in the Indian Army Pokhran Test Range, Rajasthan. The operation was called
“Operation Shakti”. After the testing of Shakti-I nuclear missile, India also successfully
tested two nuclear weapons.
2. Operation Shakti
The code name of first phase of Operation Shakti was “Smiling Buddha”. It was
conducted in May 1974. The second nuclear test, the phase II of Operation Shakti,
conducted in 1998 was also called Pokhran II and was a series of 5 tests of nuclear
bombs. It was led by the late President Dr Shri APJ Abdul Kalam. After this successful
test, PM Vajpayee called India a complete nuclear state.
109. DHRUVs: UV based Sanitizer by DRDO to sanitize phones
The Research Centre Imarat (RCI) of Defence Research Development Organization

(DRDO) has developed Defence Research Ultraviolet Sanitizer (DHRUVS).
1. Highlights
The RCI of DRDO based in Hyderabad has developed a Ultra Violet Cabinet to sanitize
mobile phones, laptops, iPads, passbooks, challans and paper. It can also be used to
sanitize currency notes and papers. It provides 360-degree exposure to UV rays to the
objects placed inside the cabinet.
2. How does UV kill virus?

After the spread of COVID-19, several UV technologies have emerged to disinfect the
daily use objects. In China, buses are being disinfected with UV light technology every
night after their use.
110. ICMR to develop COVID-19 Vaccine
The Indian Council of Medical Research has tied up with Bharat Biotech International
Limited (BBIL) to develop indigenous vaccine. The vaccine is to be developed using virus
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strains that have been isolated from COVD-19 patients at National Institute of Virology
(NIV), Pune.
1. Significance
The Vaccines are important as they play a major role in preventing diseases. Vaccines
were the main key to eradicate Small pox.
2. Current Scenario
Over 40 vaccines are under development in various stages all over the world. The Oxford
University recently announced that researchers of the university have begun testing a
vaccine against the COVID-19. The Serum Institute of India is one of the partners of the
programme.
3. Working of a Vaccine
A Vaccine actually trains the immune system to combat the disease causing pathogen.
The idea of vaccination is to inject an inactive harmless strain of the disease causing
virus into the body. The immune system will start defending the body against these
disease causing agents.
111. NGT Order of Vizag Gas Tragedy: What is Strict Liability Vs Absolute
Liability?
The National Green Tribunal recently passed an order regarding the Vizag Gas Tragedy.
Under the order, the LG Polymers, where the gas leak occurred was held liable according
to the Principle of “Strict Liability” of 19th century English law.
1. Strict Liability Principle

According to Strict Liability Principle, a company or a party is not liable and does not
require to pay compensation in case hazardous substance leaks out from its premises.
The leakage is considered accident. The strict liability evolved in 1868 and provides
exemptions from assuming liability.

In the Vizag Gas tragedy, the NGT has used the term “strict liability”. Legal experts claim
that the term “absolute liability” should have been used. The NGT has ruled to deposit
an initial amount of Rs 50 crore. It has also formed a fact-finding committee.
3. What is Absolute Liability?

In 1986, the Supreme Court while ruling Oluem Gas leak held that strict liability was
inadequate to protect the citizens. Hence, it replaced with absolute liability. According to
absolute liability principle, the supreme court held that a company operating a
hazardous industry cannot claim any exemption. The company has to mandatorily pay
compensation. The fact that the tragedy was caused by its negligence or not does not
matter.
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112. Birth rate, death rate & IMR data released by Registrar General of
India
On May 10, 2020, the Registrar General of India released data on the national birth rate,
death rate and infant mortality rate for the year 2018. The data complied on these
statistics is called as the Sample Registration System.
1. Key findings
According to the data released, the national birth rate stood at 20, death rate at 6.2 and
infant mortality rate at 32.
2. Infant Mortality Rate

The IMR according to the data has declined about one-fourth as compared to 1971
census. In the last decade, around 35% decline of IMR has been witnessed in rural areas.
3. Sample Registration System

It is a demographic survey that provides annual estimates on birth rate, death rate and
infant mortality rate. It also issues mortality indicators at national and sub national
levels.
4. Working
The field investigation of SRS consists of continuous enumeration of births and deaths.
The survey is also conducted by the Anganwadi workers every 6 months. The data
obtained are matched.
113. COVID KAVACH: India’s first indigenous ELISA Test Kit for COVID-19
The National Institute of Virology has indigenously developed antibody detection kit for
COVID-19. The kit will play significant role in surveillance of COVID-19 infection.
1. Highlights
The kit is capable of testing 90 samples in a single run of 2.5 hours. The kit was jointly
developed by ICMR (Indian Council of Medical Research) and NIV. The kit validated the
indigenous IGG ELISA test called “COVID KAVACH ELISA”.
2. Significance
The kit is also capable of performing ELISA-based testing. ELISA is Enzyme-linked
Immunosorbent Assay. ELISA is used to detect antibodies for a wide range of infections,
especially antibody of HIV.
114. Central Panel recommends to ban use of TB drugs on crops
The Registration Committee that was set up under the Central Insecticides Board and
Registration Committee (CIBRC) has recommended that TB drugs such as Streptomycin
and Tetracycline should be completely banned on crops.
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1. Highlights
The Registration Committee held its 114th meet on May 1, 2020. According to the report
submitted by its subcommittee, 9% of Streptomycin sulphate and 1% of tetracycline
hydrochloride is used on crops. According to the report generated, the drugs were used
at its highest in Delhi, Haryana and Punjab.

The CIBRC allows the use of Streptocycline drug in eight crops. However, it is now found
that it is being used on more crops as pesticides. The Centre for Science and
Environment (CSE) had earlier recommended that none of the TB drugs should be used
on crops. The order was shared with CIBRC as well.
3. Solution
The report has suggested to phase out use of the drugs by 2022 as no alternatives are
now available for these drugs. The users, till then should use these antibiotics according
to the label instructions.
4. Recommendations
The Registration Committee recommends to manage diseases and pests in crops
through integrated pest management. The CIBRC has also recommended ICAR (Indian
Council of Agricultural Research) to initiate research on better and safe practices.
115. Maharashtra CM Uddhav Thackeray to enter Legislature: The

Constitutional Features
Mr Uddav Thackeray is the current Chief Minister of Maharashtra.
1. Article 164
The Article 164 of the Constitution provides every provision for a Chief Minister of a
state. According to the article, any person who has the support of majority of the elected
members of the legislative assembly shall be appointed as the CM by the governor of
the state. In this case, if the person is not the member of the legislative assembly, or if
he has lost the general election, he can still be appointed as the CM provided he has the
support of majority of the members. However, he has to win an election within 6 months.
2. The Current Scenario

Mr Thackeray is to enter the state Legislature through Legislative Council. He is not a
Member of the Maharashtra State Legislative Assembly. However, he was sworn in as
the CM of Maharashtra on November 28, 2019 as he earned the support of majority of
elected members of the State Legislature. Now he has time till May 27, 2020 to win any
of the elections of state legislature.
3. Legislative Council
The Election Commission on the request made by the Maharashtra Governor BS Koshyari
is to conduct Maharashtra Legislative Council Election.
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4. Article 169
The Article 169 provides the features of a legislative council. One-third of the members
of LC are elected through local body election such as Gram Panchayat, district councils,
municipalities, etc. One-third are elected by members of State Legislature. One sixth are
nominated by the Governor. One twelfth are elected by persons that are engaged in
teaching professions such as universities, colleges, high schools for at least three years.
116. GoI launches Suraksha Store Initiative
The Department of Consumer Affairs operating under Ministry of Consumer Affairs and
Food and Public Distribution launched Suraksha Store Initiative. It aims at health and
safety of the citizens during lockdown.
1. Highlights
The Department of Consumer Affairs has joined hands with a Tech Start Up Safejob and
Seekify to prevent the spread of COVID-19 at Kirana store level. The main objective of
the initiative is to educate the owners of Kirana store owners all over the country about
COVID-19, protocols required to be followed and also about COVID-19 safety guidelines.
2. About the launch

Under the initiative, so far 5 lakh stores have been registered. Over 7 lakh retailers have
enrolled for training and 70,000 employees have already completed their training.
117. Pranavayu Programme launched in Karanataka
The Bengaluru City Corporation recently launched “Pranavayu Programme” to create

awareness about the respiratory health of Bengaloreans.
1. Highlights
The initiative aims to help people in increasing oxygen level of the people by
themselves. This will help them to keep track about their health before their ailments
become fatal.
2. Significance
There are several deaths reported in the country due to Severe Acute Respiratory Illness
(SARI). Especially, COVID-19 causes Hypoxia (deficiency of oxygen in tissues). This is like
starving the body of oxygen.
3. COVID-19 and breathing problems

COVID-19 stimulates breathing difficulties through chemical reactions. When a person is
infected with COVID-19, the virus binds itself with the haemoglobin in Red Blood Cells.
This is the main reason for disruption in respiratory process.
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118. May 12: International Nurse Day
Every year, May 12 is commemorated as International Nurse Day. The birth anniversary
of Florence Nightingale is celebrated as the International Nurse Day. This year the day is
celebrated under the theme
1. International Council of Nurses

The Council is a federation with more than 130 nurse associations that represents more
than 20 million nurses all over the world. It was founded in 1899 and is the widest
reaching organization. Also, it is associated with the World Bank, International Labour
Organization and World Health Organization.
2. Year of Nurse and Midwife

This year 2020 is celebrated as the Year of Nurse and Midwife as it is the 200th birth
anniversary of Florence Nightingale. This is being organized by the World Health
Organization in order to achieve Universal Health Coverage. Also, the State of World’s
Nursing Report was launched by WHO on World Health Day to celebrate the year. The
report provides a detailed insight about the nursing workforce globally.
3. Florence Nightingale
Nightingale was called the “Lady with the Lamp”. This was because she used to make
rounds through the camps with a lamp. She was born to a wealthy English family in Italy.
She was famous for her innovative nursing care.
119. 117 new Mandis integrated to E-NAM platform
On May 11, 2020, around 117 mandis were integrated with E-NAM (National Agriculture
Market). This has increased the number of Mandis in the country to 962.
1. Highlights
The Union Minister of Agriculture launched the mandis through video conferencing.
These online Mandis are now being used to trade coconut and bamboo as well. As of May
9, 2020, around 3.43 crore metric tonnes of bamboo and 37.93 metric tonnes of coconut
have been traded. Currently, 150 commodities are being traded through the platform. It
includes oil seeds, vegetables, fruits, fibers and food grains.
2. Farmer Producer Organizations

The Agriculture Ministry in April 2020 had launched Logistics module, FPO trade module
and eNWR based warehouse module. This helped integrating FPOs from 15 states with
the platform.
3. Background
It is to be noted that recently, around 200 mandis were integrates with the E-NAM
platform.
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4. ENAM Platform
The ENAM platform is a single window service for the APMC (Agriculture Produce Market
Committee) related services and information. This includes commodity arrivals,
information about quality of the product and their prices, electronic payment settlement
for better access of the market.
5. India’s Vision
India is currently working towards “One Nation One Market”. The integration of Mandis
will help achieving this by taking the total numbers included in the platform to 1000.
May 12, 2020
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120. Atal Pension Yojana completes 5 years
The “Atal Pension Yojana” launched on May 9, 2015, has completed 5 years of its
implementation. The total enrollment under the scheme as on May 9, 2020 was
2,23,54,028.
1. Highlights
During the first two years of the launch of the initiative, there were 50 lakh subscribers.
In the third year, the numbers doubled with 100 lakh subscribers. In the third year, the
numbers increased to 100 lakhs. The milestone of 1.5 crores enrollment was achieved in
the fourth year.
2. Features of the Scheme

The Scheme can be subscribed by any Indian citizen of age 18 to 40 years. Upon
enrollment, the scheme provides a minimum guaranteed pension of Rs 1000 to Rs 5000
on attaining 60 years of age. Also, when the pensioner dies, it amounts to guaranteed
pension for lifetime to the spouse. In case of death of the both the subscriber and
spouse, a nominee shall claim the amount.
3. About the scheme

The scheme was replaced with Swavalamban Yojana. It was established to provide old
age income security to the unorganized sector. It was launched by PM Modi in 2015 at
Kolkata.
121. Passenger Train services partially restored
On May 12, 2020, the Indian Railways partially begins passenger train services. Around
15 trains are to be operated. These trains are in addition to the “Shramik special trains”
that are in service transporting migrant workers.
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1. Highlights
Only confirmed ticket holders will be allowed to board the train. The passengers should
observe social distancing throughout their journey. They have to reach the station at
least 90 minutes in advance and undergo thermal screening. Only asymptomatic
passengers are allowed to travel. The trains will have only first, second and third AC
coaches. No Linen will be provided in the AC coaches. Also, the travelers have to carry
their own food.
2. Shramik Trains
The Shramik Trains are those trains that carried the migrant workers. So far, the Indian
Railways has operated 366 Shramik trains transporting 400,000 migrants. Initially, the
GoI allowed only 1200 persons to travel in a train. The number has now been increased
to 1700.
122. MSME: Technology Centres help to manufacture micro parts of

COVID-19 kits
The technology centres that are operating under the Ministry of MSME (Micro, Small and
Medium Enterprises) are manufacturing critical parts of the RT-PCR (Reverse
Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction) machines.
1. Highlights
The technology centres in Jamshedpur, Bhubaneswar and Kolkata that are operating
under Ministry of MSME are now manufacturing parts of RT-PCR machines. However,
these machines are variants of the main RT-PCRs. They are called the Real Time
Quantitative Micro PCR System. These machines give results in less than an hour. Also,
they are compact and can be easily carried for testing anywhere.
2. What are the Technology Centres?

The Technology Centres were established by the Ministry of MSME. They play crucial role
in providing skill development training to over 2 lakh youth and industry workforce.
Today there are 18 technology centres in India. They provide design and manufacture of
tools, mould and dies, precision components, forging and foundry, electrical measuring
instruments, glass, footwear, sports goods, etc. Some of the technology centres also
fulfill the needs of aerospace, defence and research and development.
123. Ash Barges are increasing Concerns of Ecology of Sundarbans
The Fisheries organization and environmental experts flag serious threats to the ecology
of Indian Sundarbans as the fly ash filled barges are sinking and capsizing in Hooghly
river.
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1. Highlights
In April 2020, two fly ash filled barges sank within a range of 30 kilometres of Hooghly
river. Around 100 Bangladeshi barges each weighing 600 tonnes to 800 tonnes traverse
through Indian waters. They carry fly ash from Indian thermal power station to
Bangladesh where the fly ashes are used in manufacturing cement.

The vessels that sunk in the river are threatening the local fishes and other aquatic
biodiversity. This in turn is affecting lives of 1000s of fishermen.
3. Reasons
Most of the barges that are carrying the fly ashes are old and are ill maintained. They
often cause accidents.
4. Hooghly River
The Hooghly river is a distributary of the Ganges. River Ganga splits into Hooghly and
River Padma at Murshidabad. River Padma flows towards Bangladesh and River Hooghly
flows south into West Bengal.
5. Fly Ash
The Fly Ash is a by product of coal combustion. Fly ash has several useful applications. It
includes concrete production, embankments, fly-ash pellets, road subbase construction,
cement clinker production, brick production, etc.
124. Facts Box: “State of the World’s Nursing Report 2020”
The World Health Organization, Nursing Now Campaign and the International Council of
Nurses released the State of World’s Nursing report. The report has been released as
United Nations marks 2020 as the Year of Nurse and Midwife.

There are 36.9 nurses per 10,000 people with variations in different parts of the world.
The number of nurses in Americas is 10 times more than that of Africa. In America, there
are 83.4 nurse per 10,000 people and in Africa there are 8.7 nurses per 10,000 people.
2. India
According to the report, there are 1.56 million nurses in India. However, of these nurses,
the professional nurses are 67%. Around 322,827 nurses are graduating every year.
Nurses comprise of 47% of medical staff in India. The doctors constitute 23.3%, dentists
constitute 5.5% and pharmacists constitute 24.1% of medical staff in India.
3. Need of the moment

The role of nurses, especially during the current health crisis is paramount. Their role is
essential as they ensure quality care for patients, control his infection and prevent its
spreading.
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125. Impacts of lock down on Family Planning
The lock down has resulted in poor access to family planning measures and
contraceptives. This will result in lots of unwanted pregnancies.
1. Highlights
With the number of infected persons of COVID-19 increasing all over India, least
importance is being given to family planning and other treatments that includes
Tuberculosis, AIDS, etc. The issue will end up in lot of unwanted pregnancies and
eventually to unsafe abortions and maternal deaths.
2. Analysis
According to the Foundation for Reproductive Health Services India. Around 2.56 crore
couples are unable to access contraceptive services. This leads to loss of 6.9 lakh
sterilization services and 9.7 lakh IUCD (Intra Uterine Contraceptive Devices).
3. Foundation for Reproductive Health Services India

It is an NGO that is working since 2009. It is a part of the Marine Stopes International,
which is an organization that provides personalized abortion services and contraception.
The organization is spread across 37 countries.
4. Focus on COVID-19 increases Malaria, HIV and TB

Apart from its impacts on family planning, COVID-19 has also affected the treatment of
malaria, Tuberculosis and HIV. According to a study, the HIV projections could increase
by 10%, malaria can increase upto 20% and Tuberculosis related deaths could increase
by 20%.
126. GoI releases Rs 6,195 crores of funds to 14 states
On May 11, 2020, the Government of India released Rs 6,195 crores to 14 states. This is
the second equated monthly installment of Post Devolution Revenue Deficit.
1. Highlights
The grant allocated to the states will act as additional source of income to the states.
The grant was recommended by the 15th Finance Commission. The Central Government
under the grant allocated Rs 1,276 crores to Kerala, Rs 952 crores to Himachal Pradesh,
Rs 638 crores to Punjab, Rs 631 crores to Assam, Rs 491 crore to Andhra Pradesh, Rs
417 crore to West Bengal and Rs 423 crore to Uttarakhand.
2. Significance
The grant will help the states make preventive and mitigation measures to contain
COVID-19. The funds will be used for sample collection, quarantine facility, screening
and setting up of additional testing laboratories. The funds will also be used for purchase
of PPE (Personal Protection Equipment), thermal scanners, air purifiers, ventilators,
consumables in government hospitals.
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3. Revenue Deficit
The revenue deficit covers the gap between revenue and expenditure of a state.
According to Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act, 2003, the states should
maintain revenue deficit of zero. According to the Constitution of India, state cannot
raise a loan without consent of the Centre. This is why, the Kerala Government in 2019
couldn’t claim the flood relief grants from Saudi Arabia. The centre did not permit.
127. Ministry of MSME launches “Champions Portal”
On May 12, 2020, the Ministry of MSME (Micro Small and Medium Enterprises) launches
Champions Portal. The portal acts as a technology driven control room cum
management information system.
1. Highlights
The portal aims at creating modern ICT tools to assist Indian MSMEs. Champions stand
for Creation and Harmonious Application of Modern Processes. It aims to increase output
and national strength.
2. Significance
The portal will help small units to become big. This is done by solving their grievances,
supporting, encouraging, helping and hand holding.
3. What are the technologies provided by the portal?

The portal will act as a control room that will provide information to the industries. It
includes video conferences, internet and telephones. These systems are enabled with
Data Analytics, Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning.
4. CPGRAMS
CPGRAMS is called Centralized Public Grievances and Monitoring System. It was
developed by the National Informatics Centre along with DARPG (Department of
Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances) and Directorate of Public Grievances.
CPGRAMS aims at receiving, redressing and monitoring public grievances. The portal
helps the citizens to track their grievances registered with Government of India.
128. Sero Survey by ICMR and NCDC
The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) and NCDC (National Centre for Disease
Control) are to conduct a sero survey. The survey will help to learn about the prevalence
of COVID-19 infection.
1. What is a Sero Survey?

A Sero Survey is testing of blood serum of individuals and determine the presence of
antibodies against COVID-19.
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2. Significance
The survey is to be conducted in 10 health facilities initially. After validating its success,
it will be implemented in other regions of the country.
3. About the survey

The survey is to test 200 samples in a week. It will focus on pregnant women, out
patients, that is, more of low-risk groups. The health care professionals will be selected
from high-risk population. The survey will also collect samples of nasal and throat swabs
to run RT-PCR tests. Pool Testing is to adopted while testing these collected samples.
4. Pool Testing
In Pool Testing, 4 to 5 swabs of the collected samples will be tested for the virus. This is
done to save time. When, the test run shows positive results, the swabs will be run
individually.
129. MP, the First State to launch innovative Scheme “FIR Aapke Dwar
Yojana”
On May 11, 2020, the Madhya Pradesh Government has launched “FIR Aapke Dwar
Yojana”.
1. Highlights
The scheme has been launched in 23 police stations as a pilot project. This includes both
rural and urban areas.

Under the scheme, a person need not go to the police station to dodge a complaint. The
scheme has deployed the head constables to register the complaints from the people.
The scheme will also enable on spot FIR registrations. When the complaints are serious,
they will be forwarded to senior officers.
3. Other important Facts

Madhya Pradesh is the first state in the country to launch such an innovative scheme on
police subject. It is to be noted that Police is State subject. The scheme was launched by
the Home Minister of Maharashtra Sr Narottam Mishra.
4. FIR
FIR is First Information Report. The concept of FIR is followed in South East and South
Asian countries including Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Singapore, etc.
5. Legality of FIR
The Constitution of India does not provide any rights over FIR. FIR and its legality is
defined by the Section 154 of The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973.
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130. “SWASTHVAYU”: India creates record developing ventilator in 36
days
The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) NAL (National Aerospace
Laboratories), Bengaluru has developed a ventilator called “Swasthvayu”. The ventilator
has been designed in a record time of 36 days.
1. Highlights
The ventilator developed by CSIR is a Non-Invasive BiPAP Ventilator. The ventilator is
made of built-in biocompatible coupler and a high efficiency filter. These features make
the ventilator help reduce the fear against COVID-19.
2. About the ventilator

The ventilator includes provisions to connect oxygen concentrator externally. The
ventilator has been accredited by NABL.
3. NABL
NABL is National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories. It tests
and certifies medical devices, laboratories, testing providers. It has Mutual Recognition
Arrangement with International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation and Asia Pacific
Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation.
4. Mutual Recognition Agreements

The Mutual Recognition agreements are agreements under which two or more countries
agree on one another assessment. These agreements became common after the
formation of World Trade Organization.
May 13, 2020
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131. India State-Level Disease Burden Initiative: Mortality Rate dropped

by 49%
The India State-Level Disease Burden Initiative has recently published two scientific
papers. The initiative has given its report on district-level trends of child growth and
child mortality.
1. Key Findings
 The child mortality rate has dropped by 49% between 2000 and 2017.
 According to the report, though child mortality and child growth has improved, the inequality
between the districts is high
 The inequality among states between the period has grown by 6 times and among the
districts in a state has grown by 11 times.
 The report says that there were around 1.04 million under-5 deaths in 2017. This has
decreased from 2.24 million in 2000. Also, neonatal deaths decreased from 1.02 million to
0.57 million in 2017. Though Neonatal Mortality Rate dropped by 38% since 2000, the
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variation has increased 5 times. 83% of the neonatal deaths in the country is due to short
gestation and low birth weight.
 According to the report, 46% of the child in India are with short gestation, 21% are with child
growth failure.
2. Causes of Under-5 deaths

The main causes of under-5 deaths according to the report are diarrheal diseases,
preterm birth, lower respiratory infections and birth asphyxia. Of all, lower birth weight
was the major cause
3. India State-Level Disease Burden Initiative

The initiative was launched under the collaboration of ICMR (Indian Council of Medical
Research) and Public Health Foundation of India (PHFI). The initiative has experts and
stakeholders that are associated with 100s of Institutions.
132. United States provides 3.6 million USD assistance to India
On May 12, 2020, the United States Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
announced 3.6 million USD assistance to India in order to fight against COVID-19.
1. Highlights
The fund allocated is to be used to prevent, respond and prepare India to act against the
spread of COVID-19. The funds will also be used to strengthen laboratory capacities of
India. This specifically includes serology and molecular diagnostics.
2. Role of CDC
The CDC has conducted trainings in India for physicians, administrators, nurses and
hospital staff to combat COVID-19.
3. Goal of CDC
The CDC aims at global health response to COVID-19. The main goal of CDC is to limit
human-human transmission of COVID-19. It intends to achieve this through partnerships
with non-Governmental organization and mitigate vulnerabilities.
4. India-US
Apart from CDC, there are other agencies of the United States that have helped India
through financial assistance. This includes USAID (United States Agency for International
Development), Department of Health and Human Services Agencies. These agencies
together have provided 2.8 billion USD of total assistance and 1.4 billion USD for health.
133. GoI announces Lock Down 4.0 with economic package of Rs 20 lakh
crores
On May 12, 2020, PM Modi announced Lock Down 4.0 with new rules. He also announced
an economic package of Rs 20 lakh crores to ease lives of people during fourth lock
down.
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1. Highlights
As lock down 3.0, comes to an end on May 17, 2020, the new lock down 4.0 with new
rules is to be implemented from May 18, 2020. The lock down is being extended as the
spread of COVID-19 is not well contained.
2. India’s 5 pillars
India is to operate on 5 pillars of self reliance as announced by PM Modi. These pillars
will help India lead the world in the 21st century. The pillars include
3. Economic Package
A special economic package was announced by PM Modi. The package was worth of Rs
20 lakh crores. The allocated amount makes up to 10% of India’s GDP. The new
economic package is to be used to provide relief to labourers, middle class, farmers and
industries that have suffered the most due to lock down.
134. Under 17 FIFA Women World Cup to begin in 2021
On May 12, 2020, the All India Football Federation (AIFF) and the Local Organizing
Committee (LOC) have rescheduled FIFA Under 17 Women’s World Cup. The game was
initially to be conducted on November 2, 2020. Now the postponed game is to be
conducted between February 17, 2021 and March 7, 2021.
1. Highlights
India is to host the game in 2021. The dates were confirmed by the governing bodies
after considering the fact that enough time is needed to conduct qualification
tournaments. The qualification tournaments include UEFA, CAF, CONCACAF, CONMEBOL
and OFC. The U-17 tournaments were initially scheduled to be held in 5 cities such as
Navi Mumbai, Kolkata, Guwahati, Bhubaneshwar and Ahmedabad.
2. FIFA Women World Cup

The FIFA Women’s World Cup has been taking place since 1991. It has been scheduled
once in four years. So far, six countries have hosted women’s world cup. Both China and
US have hosted the tournament twice. The other countries that have hosted the
tournament includes Germany, France, Sweden and Canada.
135. ICMR to conduct household survey
The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) is to conduct household survey. The
survey will conduct antibody testing in 24,000 adults in various districts.
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1. About the Survey
The household survey is completely different from the ongoing surveys. Under the
survey, the individuals from all the districts will be randomly tested. In every district 10
health facilities will be employed to conduct the survey. Of these 6 will be public and 4
will be private. These health facilities will select 100 health care workers and 50
outpatients. Also, the persons that so not have influenza like illness are to be selected.
This is because, there are several on going surveys that focus on people that have
influenza like symptoms.
2. Background
ICMR previously focused on surveying based on pooled testing and Severe Acute
Respiratory Illness (SARI). The survey will look for the presence of IGG antibodies. These
antibodies appear between 10 and 14 days.
3. SARI surveillance
The SARI surveillance is an ongoing surveillance method that is being implemented on
hospitalized patients using RT-PCR tests. The surveillance currently helps to detect new
COVID-19 cases.
4. Sero Survey
The survey is to be conducted in 10 clusters. Every district selected will have 400
random households. Among these households one adult individual will be tested for
COVID-19 antibodies. This is called Sero Survey.
136. Finance Ministry begins Annual Exercise
On May 12, 2020, the Ministry of Finance announced that the government departments
and ministries will review guarantees issued against loans issued by various government
entities.
1. Highlights
The exercise is done to make sure that the borrower is discharging the repayment
obligations and interest obligations according to the loan agreement. The financial
advisories of the ministries have been asked to submit a review of government
guarantees to the budget wing operating under Ministry of Finance.
2. Legality
The review exercise is done to monitor the capacity of guarantee amount of the
borrowers. Article 292 of the constitution guarantees repayment of borrowings.
According to the article, the government shall provide up to 0.5% of GDP for incremental
guarantees in a financial year.
3. Current Scenario
The guarantees given by the Government of India has increased from Rs 1.07 lakh
crores in 2004-05 to Rs 4.47 lakh crores in 2018-19. The guarantees are provided by the
government entities to improve viability of the projects and also help lower the cost of
the borrowing.
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4. Objectives of the Guarantee
According to the policy, the main objectives of government guarantees are as follows
5. Other Legal Provisions

 The Indian Contract Act, 1872 provides provisions to the contracts of guarantee.
137. WHO: Cases of Malaria, TB and AIDS are to increase
The World Health Organization announced that the number of deaths due to TB, AIDS
and Malaria might increase as the entire focus of health care system all over the world is
shifting towards COVID-19.
1. Highlights
The WHO has made the announcement based on the study conducted by the
International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease along with Johns Hopkins
University.
2. Key findings
According to the study, every added month of lock down in India will lead to additional
40,685 deaths between 2020 and 2025. These deaths are to occur only due to
Tuberculosis. All over the world, Kenya will face maximum number of death due to the
scenario followed by Ukraine, India.
3. Malaria and AIDS

The COVID-19 conditions shall also double the number of malaria infections. Also, there
are possibilities for children not getting tested. There are continuous disruptions in the
antiretroviral therapy that will increase the deaths due to AIDS.
138. CO2 Emissions of India falls in 4 decades
According to the study conducted by Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air
(CREA), the Carbon dioxide Emissions in India has declined the least in four decades.
1. Highlights
The study says that the carbon dioxide emissions in India has reduced by 15% in March
and by 30% in April. The study also says that the latest consumption of oil and gas, coal
has declined. It has fell by 30 million tonnes in 2019-20 in the country as compared to
that of the previous year.
2. Fossil Fuel uses

The carbon dioxide pollution in the country is mainly caused due to power and
transportation sector. The decline in consumption of fossil fuels is also the main reason
for the reduction in pollution. The power generated by coal-fired power plants reduced
by 15% in March for the first time. Also, the renewable energy generation has increased
by 6.4% in March.
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139. PM Modi announces Atma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan
On May 12, 2020, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced a new scheme called “Atma
Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan”. Under the new scheme, 20 lakh crore of package has been
announced.

Under the scheme, the government of India is to support key sectors and also help
achieve measures undertaken by Reserve Bank of India. The economic package is 10%
of the GDP.
2. Benefits of the scheme

The scheme will pay special attention on tax payers, farmers, labourers, cottage
industries and MSMEs. The main aim of the scheme is to become self reliant.
3. Vocal for Local

The COVID-19 impacts have brought highlights over the local supply change. India has
been able to sustain the pandemic due to the local supply chain. Therefore, it has
become important to strengthen the local produce.
140. Jal Jeevan Mission: J&K, Haryana to provide Tap Connections to all
by 2022
The Jal Jeevan Mission aims to provide drinking water to every household. It aims to
provide tap connections to every rural household. With the COVID-19 crisis at its peak,
the central government is to implement the mission based on priority basis.
1. Highlights
The Central Government has advised the state governments to take up the mission to
achieve twin objectives. This includes providing tap water connections to every rural
household and also to create job opportunities to local people and migrants.
2. Jammu and Kashmir

Jammu and Kashmir will receive RA 680 crores for the Jal Jeevan Mission. So far, 5.75
lakhs have been covered out of 18.17 lakh households. The Territory plans to cover 1.76
lakh households by 2020-21.
3. Haryana
The Haryana Government has provided 1.05 lakh tap connections in the year 2019-20
under the mission. There are 28.94 households in Haryana. Out of these, 18.83 lakhs
already have tap water connections and 10.11 lakh households are to be covered.

The states will frame Village Action Plans. Also, separate Village Water and Sanitation
Committees will be constituted to execute the plans at village level. The Gram
Panchayats will play a major role in implementing the plans.
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141. Men are more vulnerable to COVID-19 than women: How and Why?
Initially there was a hypothesis that men might be more vulnerable to COVID-19 virus
than women. However, the hypothesis has now been proved by a research published in
the European Heart Journal.
1. Highlights
The ACE2 enzyme in the human body is the key factor that enables the COVID-19 to
infect human cells. The study has found out that levels of ACE2 enzymes are more in
men than in women.
2. What is ACE2 enzyme?

The angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 lies in the outer surface of cells of lungs, heart,
kidneys. The primary function of the enzyme is to regulate the transport of amino acids
(amino acids are formed from digestion of proteins).
142. Rs 20 Lakh crore Economic Package: MSME, EPF, NBFC, MFI, Real
Estate Benefited
The Government of India had earlier launched Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana.
Under which Rs 1.7 lakh crore was allocated.
1. Highlights
Under the new scheme, the Finance Minister Nirmala Sitaraman announced 15 different
measures. Of these,
2. MSME
3. 1. Collateral free loans

The loans that are worth Rs 3 lakh crore are made collateral free. This is extended to
firms whose outstanding loans are Rs 25 crore or those firms whose annual turn over is
Rs 100 crore.
4. 2. Stressed MSMEs
Through debt-based scheme, Rs 20,000 crore is being infused in to the economy. This
will help to benefit stressed MSMEs. These stressed MSMEs are those facing equity
problems.
5. 3. Fund of Funds
The GoI is to infuse Rs 50,000 crore by creating fund of funds. This will help those
MSMEs that are viable and eligible. A corpus of Rs 10,000 crore is to be infused through
mother fund and daughter fund framework.
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6. 4. Changed Definition of MSME
The GoI has changed the definition of MSMEs. The new definition has increased the
investment limit upwards. Previously, an enterprise with investment up to Rs 25 lakh
was called a micro unit. Under the new definition, a firm upto investment of Rs 1 crore is
to be called Micro unit, of Rs 10 crore is to be called as small unit and investment
greater than Rs 20 crore will be called as medium unit
7. 5. Global Tenders
Global tenders will be disallowed in government procurement for tenders upto Rs 200
crores. This is because majority of MSME were unable to supply large companies. Indian
MSME were not able to compete global tenders. This will now help achieve self reliant
India.
8. 6. E-Market
The E-Market Linkages are to be strengthened. This is being done as the COVID-19 crisis
has made it highly challenging to conduct trade fairs, exhibitions, etc. Therefore, the
MSMEs have to search online ways to promote their products. Thus, boosting E-market
facilities will help them achieve this.
9. EPF
 Today, under Employment Provident Fund scheme, 12% is contributed by the employee and
12% by the employer. Liquidity relief is to be provided to all EPF establishments. GoI will
infuse Rs 2,500 crores to achieve this. Under this 6.3 lakh establishements will be benefitted.
 To increase take home salary, for those not covered under earlier, Statutory PF contribution
reduced from 12% to 10%.
10. NBFC
 In order to help the struggling Non Banking Financial Corporations, Rs 30,000 crore liquidity is
being injected. This will help NBFCs serve the MSMEs better.
 Also, Rs 45,000 crores is to be infused through Partial Guarantee Scheme 2.0. Under this
scheme, the GoI will bear the first 20% loss.
11. Discoms
 The Discoms are highly affected due to COVID-19 crisis. Therefore, liquidity of Rs 90,000
crore is to be injected.
12. Contractors
The contracts under Transport, Railway sectors, etc will be instructed to extend by 6
months.
13. Real Estate (RERA Projects)

The urban development ministry will issue advisory to states and UTs to instru the
regulatory authority upon bringing upon smooth functioning of the real estate sector.
The pending projects shall be extended till 6 months. Also, registration dates shall be
extended by 6 months.
14. Taxation
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May 14, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
143. Global Energy Transition Index: India ranks 74th
On May 13, 2020, the World Economic Forum released Global Energy Transition Index
(GET Index). India has moved up to 74th rank showing improvements in key parameters
such as energy security, growth and environmental sustainability.
1. About the index

The World Economic Forum has ranked 115 countries based on GET Index in its report
“WEF Fostering Effective Energy Transition 2020 report”. The index has been framed
based on the current performance of the energy systems of the countries, environmental
sustainability, energy security and also based on indicators such as readiness for
transition to sustainable, secure, affordable and inclusive energy systems.
Sweden has topped the ranking for the third consecutive year. It was followed by
Switzerland and Finland. Only France (on the 8th position) and UK (on the 7th position)
were the only G20 countries under top 10.
The report says that India has made significant improvements by expanding its energy
programme. This has been achieved by making bulk procurement of LED bulbs and
smart meters and also by launching programmes for labelling of appliances.
144. COVID-19: Rs 3,100 crores allocated from PM CARES Funds
The PM CARES Fund trust was created on March 27, 2020. It was headed by Prime
Minister Modi. The other members include Home Minister, Defence Minister and Finance
Minister.
1. Ventilators
The allocated funds are to be used to buy 50,000 ventilators. The ventilators are to be
purchased at a cost of Rs 2,000 cores. These ventilators will be supplied to government
run COVID-19 hospitals.
2. Migrants
Around 1000 crores will be provided to state governments and union territories. They
will put at the disposal of municipal commissioners and district collectors. It is to be used
for making food arrangements, transport arrangements and providing medical treatment
to the migrants.
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3. Vaccines
Vaccine against COVID-19 is the current pressing need. In order to support vaccine
developers, Rs 100 crores has been allocated. The disposal of this fund is to be
supervised by the Principal Scientific Advisor.
4. How is PM CARES Funds different?

The PM CARES Funds was dedicated to COVID-19 situation. On the other hand, the Prime
Minister National Relief Fund (PMNRF) was meant for all natural disasters.
5. Concerns
The Comptroller and Auditor General of India were not allowed to audit the funds. The
GoI claims that the funds were collected based in donations of organizations and
individuals and therefore, independent auditors were appointed by the trustees.
145. ICMR issues Guidelines for Antibody Test Kits
On May 13, 2020, the Indian Council of Medical Research released guidelines for using
rapid antibody kits for COVID-19. The Council has also listed the names of the
manufacturers that produced these kits. It includes two Chinese manufacturers as well.
1. Highlights
The antibody tests according to the apex body are not recommended for diagnosis of
COVID-19. The tests are to be used only for surveillance.
2. Issues
The licenses of the two Chinese companies that are now included in the list were
cancelled by the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization. However, they have
found their names in the list. The other companies included in the list were validated at
NIV Pune.
3. Guidelines
The tests are to be done on plasma samples or serum samples or blood samples. The
results of the tests will be available in 30 minutes.
4. Role of NIV
According to health research body, ICMR, the National Institute of Virology (NIV) has so
far validated 42 antibody based rapid tests. Out of these 10 were manufactured in India.
5. Why are antibody test kits used only for surveillance?

Antibody kits are not used for confirming COVID-19 infection. They are only used for
surveillance. This is because the chances of these kits producing false negatives are high
at early stages of COVID-19.
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146. KVIC to implement “Vocal for Local” initiative; Issues Guidelines
Prime Minister Modi recently announced “Atma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan”. Under the
scheme, around 20 lakh crore rupees have been allocated. Along with the scheme, the
Prime Minister also announced “Vocal for Local”.
1. Vocal for Local

The Vocal for Local aims to give voice to the local produce. In other words, it aims to
promote local produce. This is because, with lock down and the threats of COVID-19, it
was the local produces that helped people run their routine. This mainly included the
supply of essential goods.
2. KVIC
In order to achieve, “Vocal for Local”, the KVIC has issued guidelines to implement the
flagship projects under PMEGP (Prime Minister Employment Generation Programme).
3. Guidelines
The applications under PMEGP are to be scrutinized at the earliest and forwarded to the
banks. The banks shall disburse the funds within 15 days. Earlier, the number of days
were 26. The application process is to be implemented by a monitoring cell. This will
help in increasing the employment generation within short duration of time.
4. PMEGP
The scheme was launched in 2008 by merging two schemes namely Prime Minister
Rojgar Yojana and Rural Employment Generation Programme. The programme is
implemented by KVIC.
147. WHO releases Global Nutrition Report, 2020
On May 13, 2020, the World Health Organization released Global Nutrition Report, 2020.
1. Highlights
According to the report, India is one among the 88 countries that are to miss global
nutrition targets set for the year 2025. India also has highest rates of domestic
inequalities, especially in malnutrition. Along with Nigeria and Indonesia, India was
declared the least performing in case of disparities in stunting.
2. The Four Nutritional Indicators

The major 4 nutritional indicators are anemia among women in reproductive age,
stunting among children under-5, exclusive breast feeding and childhood overweight.
The report says that India is to miss the target on all four nutritional indicators.
3. Key Findings
According to the report, between 2000 and 2016, underweight has decreased to 58.1%
from 66% for boys. And for girls, it has decreased from 54.2% to 50.1%. Though the
decrease is evident, it is still higher than that of Asian average which is 35.6% for boys
and 31.8% for girls.
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4. Background
The Global Nutrition Report was conceived during the first Nutrition for Growth Initiative
Summit that was held in 2013.
5. What are the Global Nutrition Targets?

The World Health Assembly in 2012 fixed nutrition targets. They are as follows
6. About the report

The report asks governments to focus on malnutrition as COVID-19 is threatening food
systems and health. On in nine people in the world are hungry and undernourished.
148. What is “Direct Seeding of Rice” being encouraged amongst

farmers?
The farmers of Punjab and Haryana are being encouraged to adopt “direct seeding of
rice” due to shortage of labourers. This is being encouraged in place of conventional
transplanting.
1. Conventional Transplanting
During Conventional Transplanting, the farmers prepare nurseries. The paddy seeds are
first sown in the nurseries and raised to young plants. These young plants are called
seedlings. The seedlings are then uprooted from the nurseries and planted in the main
field. It takes 25 to 35 days for the seedling to raise.
2. Direct Seeding of Rice

In this method, there are no nursery preparation. Instead, the seeds are directly drilled
into the field with the help of a power tractor.
3. Benefits of Direct Seeding

The Direct Seeding of Rice helps in saving water up to 25%. It enhances fertilizer use
and enhances system productivity. This is because, in this method, the fertilizers are
applied in the root zones rather than spraying them on the field. There is minimal
disturbance to soil structure.
149. India attends 7 nation meeting initiated by USA
On May 13, 2020, the External Affairs ministers represented India at the 7 nation
meeting initiated by the United States.
1. Taiwan
The meeting was held on the same day, the US Senate passed an act directing the
Secretary of the State to frame a strategy to make Taiwan an observer at the World
Health Organization.
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2. Why is the meet significant to India?
India is to hold the chair of the World Health Organization in May 2020 after Japan
completes its tenure. India will continue to hold the chair for the next three years. This
comes during the time when there are world wide criticisms faced by WHO. Especially
the US, one of India’s primary trading partner, accused WHO being China-centric. It is to
be noted that US has also cut the funds allocated to the WHO.
3. Analysis
Experts believe that India has been caught in the spat between China and US. Currently
Taiwan is ruled by the Republic of China (ROC). However, China claims Taiwan to be its
part under its “One China Principle”. Taiwanese on the other hand want a separate land.
It is to be noted that US and Taiwan have good economic and defence relations.
150. CSIR and AYUSH Ministry begin clinical trials of four Ayurvedic
Drugs
On May 13, 2020, the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research and the Ministry of
AYUSH began clinical trials of four Ayurvedic drugs. The four formulations include
Ashwagandha, Guduchi + Pippali, Yashtimadhu and AYUSH-64.
1. Highlights
A Taskforce has been formed to implement the trials. A comparative and competitive
study is to be conducted between Ashwagandha and Hydroxychloroquine.
2. What is AYUSH-64?
AYUSH-64 is an ayurvedic anti-malarial drug. The drug has proved its efficiency in
treating malaria. In 1984, western Rajasthan was affected badly due to malaria. The
drug was highly effective as it proved its efficiency in more than 3,600 cases. Also, in
1995 Assam was affected due to similar epidemic. The AYUSH-64 drug again proved its
efficacy in treating 10,000 malaria affected people. The drug is made of natural
ingredients alone.
3. Ashwagandha
It is usually consumed to increase immunity of the body against cold, cough and viral
infections. Ashwagandha is a leaf.
4. Guduchi
Guduchi is an Ayurvedic root. It possesses antipyretic, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant
properties. It helps to fight respiratory issues and also heal digestive problems.
5. Yashtimadhu
Yashtimadhu is a stem. It is used to heal sore throat, irritation in the throat and cough.
Apart from this, it also has ulcer fighting properties.
6. Pippali
Pippali is a medicinal herb. The root of the herb is used. It is used to improve blood
circulation and treat asthma.
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151. India attends SCO meeting
On May 13, 2020, External Affairs Minister of India Shri S Jaishankar represented India at
SCO (Shanghai Cooperation Organization) foreign minister meet. The meet was attended
by foreign ministers through video conferencing.
1. Highlights
The foreign ministers at the meet discussed COVID-19 crisis and coordination efforts.
They also discussed about social and economic consequences of the crisis and how to
tackle it. Apart from COVID-19, the major issue discussed was the situation in
Afghanistan. The ministers also discussed about the upcoming 75th anniversary of World
War 2 and also the 75th anniversary of United Nations.
2. India in SCO
The minister expressed India’s readiness in sharing information and expertise in the fight
against COVID-19. Also, he mentioned about the economic package that was announced
in India on May 12, 2020.
3. SCO
The Shanghai Cooperation Organization was formed in 2003. It extended its membership
to 8 countries in 2017 after joining India and Pakistan. It covers three-fifths of the
Eurasian continent.
152. FAO Report: Global Forest Resources Assessment, 2020
On May 13, 2020, the Food and Agriculture Organization released the Global Forest
Resources Assessment Report, 2020. According to the report, around 178 million
hectares of forests is lost in the last 30 years. However, the rate at which the forests are
being destroyed has reduced.
1. Key Findings
The report says that between 2015 and 2020, the rate of forest loss has declined to 10
million hectares. Between 2010 and 2015, the forest loss was 12 million hectares. This
shows that the rate of forest loss is declining. The Forest Resource Assessment Report
has examined the status of forests in more than 236 countries and territories between
the period 1990 and 2020.
2. Region Wise
Africa had the largest decline of forest of all the continents. Around 3.9 million hectares
(per year) of forest land were destroyed in the continent between 2000 and 2010.
Following Africa, South America faced largest forest loss at 2.6 million hectares (per
year) in the same time period.
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3. Types of Forests
The largest proportion of the forest that currently contributes on the earth is the tropical
forest standing at 45%. The tropical forests were followed by boreal forest, temperate
forests and subtropical forests.
4. Five major countries

The report says that currently 5 major countries in the world contribute to the forest
resources of the world. They are Brazil, USA, Canada, China and Russia.
153. PM-KISAN Scheme: Rs 18,517 crores released
On May 14, 2020, the Agriculture Ministry released Rs 18,517 crores under PM-KISAN
scheme. This will help benefit 9.25 crores of families.
1. Highlights
The Government of India has so far released Rs 18,517 crores under PM-KISAN scheme
since the lock down. The funds were released as a part of Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan
Ann Yojana.
2. PM-KISAN
The Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi Yojana was launched on 24th February, 2019.
Under the scheme, all the small and marginal farmers are to be provided with income
support of Rs 6,000 per year in three installments. The amount is to be directly
deposited to the farmers’ accounts. The annual expenditure estimated to implement the
scheme is Rs 75,000 crore.
154. COVID-19: ICMR participates in Global Solidarity Trials of WHO
The Indian Council for Medical Research is to participate in Global Solidarity Trial of
COVID-19 launched by the World Health Organization (WHO).
1. About the trials

The WHO has launched four mega trials to test the efficiency and accuracy of four
treatments. The treatments are as follows
2. Gujarat participates in the trial

The Gujarat Hospitals from four major cities are to participate in the trial. This includes
Vadodara, Ahmedabad, Surat and Rajkot. The ICMR will represent the WHO in conducting
the trials in India. Volunteer patients from the hospitals of these four cities are to be
included in the trials.
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155. Rs 20,000 lakh crore of Atma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan: Second
Tranche Announced
On May 14, 2020, the Finance Minister Nirmala Sitaraman announced the second
tranche of the Rs 20,000 lakh crore economic package under Atma Nirbhar Bharat
Abhiyan.
1. Highlights
The second tranche of the economic package focuses on migrant workers, small traders,
street vendors, self-employed. The second part of the scheme is to be implemented in
nine steps.
2. Migrant Workers
2.1. Food
Through public distribution system, free food grains are to be supplied to be supplied to
migrant workers. The non-card holders will receive 5 kg of wheat or rice per month and 1
kg of pulses per month. This will benefit around 8 crore migrants. The total cost of Rs
3.500 crores to implement the scheme is to be born by the central government.
2.2. Accommodation
The Government will is to launch a scheme under Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana for urban
poor. The scheme will aim at providing ease of living at affordable rent. It will aim at
converting GoI funded housings to affordable housing complexes. Also, the Government
of India will incentivize industries, manufacturing units and institutions that come
forward to establish such complexes in private land
3. MUDRA Loans
The GoI is to provide interest subvention of 2% for MUDRA Shishu loans for a period of
12 months.
4. Street Vendors
The GoI will launch a special credit facility to the street vendors within a month. The
initial working capital for the street vendors has been fixed as Rs 10,000. The support is
to be provided to more than 50 lakh street vendors. Under this a liquidity of Rs 5,000
crores is to be infused in the country.
5. Housing
Under the Credit Linked Subsidy Scheme (CLSS), Rs 70,000 crore is to be infused into
the housing sector. Around 2.5 lakh middle income families are to be benefitted. It will
also help in increasing employment generation and stimulate the demand of cement,
steel and other construction materials.
6. CAMPA Funds
The GoI will shortly provide a plan to infuse Rs 6,000 crores of CAMPA (Compensatory
Afforestation Management and Planning Authority) funds in to the economy. This will
help in creating job opportunities in rural and semi-urban areas.
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7. NABARD
Additional emergency funds of Rs 30,000 crores has been allocated to the NABARD. This
will help the organization in funding cooperative and regional rural banks.
8. KISAN Credit Cards

Through KISAN Credit Cards around Rs 2 lakh crores are being allocated as concessional
credit to farmers. A special drive is to be conducted to provide new concessional KISAN
credit cards. The fishermen and animal husbandry farmers will be included in the drive.
9. Direct Support to Farmers

Around 3 crore farmers have availed loans provided at concessional rates. The loans
sanctioned amounted to Rs 4.22 lakh crores. Along with this and the PM-KISAN scheme,
the GoI has so far allocated Rs 25,000 crores to the farmers.
10. Liquidity Support

The liquidity support during the lock down in terms of loans amounted to Rs 86,600
crores. This was given through 63 lakh loans. The GoI stresses the fact that the loans
were provided even during lock down.
11. RIDF
Through the Rural Infrastructure Development Fund, operating under NABARD Rs 4,200
crores has been provided. This is to be exclusively used for rural infrastructure. This data
pertains to the month of March 2020 alone.
12. State government

Around Rs 6,700 crores has been sanctioned for the state governments to procure
agricultural produce.
13. Urban Poor

The GOI permitted state governments to utilize State Disaster Response funds. These
funds were to be utilized for providing shelter for migrants and food and water.
14. Role of Self Help Groups

The SHGs have played crucial role during COVID-19 crisis. Around 12,000 SHGs have
produced 3 crore masks and 1.02 lakh litres of sanitizers.
15. MNREGA
GoI has been helping the migrant workers through MNREGA scheme as well. The number
of workers enrolled in May 2020 under the scheme is 40% to 50% more than that joined
in May 2019.
16. Labour Codes

The Labour Code amendment is under consideration in the Parliament. The amendments
include
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May 15, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
156. COBAS 6800: India’s first automated COVID-19 testing machine
On May 14, 2020, the Union Health Minister Dr Harsh Vardhan dedicated the COBAS
6800 RT PCR machine to the nation.
1. Highlights
The machine is completely automated and performs high end RT-PCR tests. The machine
will help to increase the testing capacity of the country. It has been placed at National
Centre for Disease Control, Delhi. The machine can also detect pathogens such as
Hepatitis, Chlamydia, HIV, Papiloma, MTb, Chlamydia, CMV, Neisseria, etc.
2. Why is it placed in NCDC?

The machine has been placed in NCDC as it requires Basic Safety Level 2 testing
facilities. There are 4 Bio-Safety levels that are followed in the country
3. Background
The machine was developed by Roche Diagnostics. The main objective of developing the
machine is to increase testing capacity of India. So far India is using the rapid antibody
test kits only for surveillance. RT-PCR tests are being used to confirm COVID-19 infection
as it is more accurate.
157. United Nations releases World Economic Situation and Prospects

Report, 2020
The United Nations recently released the World Economic Situation and Prospects
Report, 2020. According to the report, the world economy is to shrink by 3.2% in 2020.
The GDP growth in developed countries will decline to -0.5% in 2020.
The report says that the growth rate of India in 2018 was 6.8% and in 2019 it was 4.1%.
It will reduce to 1.2% in 2020. The report predicts that the growth of India will raise
eventually in 2021 hitting 5.5%
The Global economy is to gradually recover by 2021. The world economy will lose around
8.5 trillion USD due to COVID-19. Also, the global economy is to shrink by 4.9% in 2020.
Around 34.3 million people are to enter below poverty line by 2020.
3. Solutions suggested
The report has suggested following solutions to combat COVID-19
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158. SAMARTH scheme implemented by NIT Kurukshetra
On May 14, 2020, NIT implemented the SAMARTH scheme. It was developed by the
Department of Higher Education operating under Ministry of Human Resources and
Development developed SAMARTH, an e-governance platform. The platform was
developed under National Mission of Education in Information and Communication
Technology Scheme. It is called the NMEICT Scheme in short.
1. About SAMARTH
The platform will provide information to strengthen the productivity through better
information management. It caters faculties and students by providing different study
modules. It is an open source architecture and works on a n automated software. It
works through a secure, scalable and evolutionary process. The platform has been
implemented at the National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra.
2. National Institute of Kurukshetra

The institute is currently participating under the World Bank scheme called Technical
Education Quality Improvement Programme.
3. Technical Education Quality Improvement Programme

The Programme was launched by the Ministry of Human Resource Development in 2002.
It aims to upscale the quality of technical education and enhance capacities of
institutions.
159. India attends Common Wealth Health Ministers Meet
On May 14, 2020, India attended the 32nd Commonwealth Health Ministers Meeting
through video conferencing. The meeting was held under the following theme
1. Highlights
The member countries shared their experiences and lessons in the fight against COVID-
19. They also discussed on the essential collective and national actions. The ministers
made recommendations to make sure the unreached population are not left behind. The
meeting was chaired by the Fiji Minister for Health and Medical Services Dr Ifereimi
Waqainabete.
2. India’s contributions
India at the meet, shared its measures in response to COVID-19 crisis. The following
were presented by Dr Harsh Vardhan at the meet
3. Common Wealth Grouping

The Common Wealth Grouping comprises of 54 countries. It was established in 1926. It
was constituted through London Declaration in 1949. The idea of the grouping was
initiated by the British.
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160. India attends second G20 Virtual Trade and Investment Ministers
Meet
The Union Minister Shri Piyush Goyal represented India at the second G20 Virtual Trade
and Investment Ministers Meeting through video conferencing.
1. Highlights
The video conferencing was hosted by the current chair of G20 grouping, Saudi Arabia.
Since April 2020, Saudi Arabia has hosted a series of such virtual summits to discuss
COVID-19 threats, containment measures and economic challenged posed by the virus.
2. Background
On 30 March, the G20 leaders agreed on the requirement for a “Coordinated Global
Response”. In order to implement actions taken under coordinated global response,
meetings were held on energy, labour, employment, agriculture, tourism and digital
economy.
3. Earlier G20 meet

The G20 leaders have been focusing on tourism, energy and labour. In the end of April
2020, the corresponding ministers of the three sectors from the member countries held
video conferences to work together and address the issue.
161. What is “Collective Conscience” invoked by Indian Courts in Death

Penalty cases?
Project 39A was conducted by a team of National Law University, Delhi. According to the
project, the Indian Courts invoke “Collective Conscience” of the society in most of the
death penalty cases.
1. Project details
The study chose three states and Union Territories namely Madhya Pradesh, Delhi and
Maharashtra. These states were chosen as they ranked high in awarding capital
punishments
2. Findings
The study has found out that around between 2000 and 2015, 72% of cases of Delhi trial
courts that awarded death penalty has invoked “Collective Conscience”. In Madhya
Pradesh, this was invoked in 42% of death penalty cases and in Maharashtra it was
invoked in 51% of death penalty cases.
3. Recommendations of Law Commission

The Law Commission in 2015, headed by Justice A P Shah proposed to abolish capital
punishments. However, the commission had made the proposal only to non-terrorism
cases. According to the commission, India is one among few countries that still carry out
executions. The other countries that practice executions include Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia,
China. By the end of 2014, 98 countries had abolished death penalty.
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162. Group of Ministers submitted draft proposal on Employment and
Skill Development
The Group of Ministers Committee formed under the leadership of Social Justice and
Empowerment Minister recently submitted its draft proposals on employment and skill
development.
1. Proposals made
The following proposals were made by the draft
2. Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana

The draft has suggested to enroll every migrant worker under the programme. This will
help him get access to cashless medical facilities. It is to be noted that the Pradhan
Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana has been involved in the COVID-19 fight.
3. Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana

The proposal has suggested to leverage the potential of Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas
Yojana. This will help create a balance between the farming and non-farming activities.
163. New Scheme for Diary Sector: GoI subsidizes interest rates on
working capital
On May 14, 2020, the Government of India launched a new scheme for the diary sector.
The scheme has introduced Interest Subvention on Working Capital to support Diary
Cooperatives and FPO (Farmer Producer Organization).
1. Key Features
The scheme intends to modernize existing milk processing units. It will also enhance the
milk processing capacity of the country to 126 lakh litres per day.
2. NDDB
The National Dairy Development Board was established through an act of Parliament of
India. It was founded in 1965. The main aim of the board was to spread similar
successes as that of the AMUL Cooperative. The World Bank assisted the mission. It was
named “Operation Flood” and lasted for 26 years.
164. India finds a tool to get deeper insight into Parkinson’s Disease
The Scientists of IIT Dhanbad and CSIR (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research)
have teamed up together to find a major cause of Parkinson’s disease a solution.
1. Key Findings
Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disease and so far, no cure has been found
to heal the disease. The researchers of these institutes have found a technique to
monitor the aggregation of ASyn protein.
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2. ASyn Protein
The aggregation of protein called Alpha Synuclein (ASyn) has a crucial role in causing
the disease. The aggregation of this protein leads to the death of the neuronal cells of
the Parkinson’s patients.
3. Significance
The aggregation of protein ASyn has always remained a mystery to doctors. The
aggregation generally happens in the mid brain of the patients. The end points of the
aggregation forms fibres. These fibres emit fluorescence. Therefore, it is highly difficult
to target them.
165. GI Tag provided to Telangana’s Telia Rumal and Jharkhand’s Sohrai

Khovar painting
The Government of India recently provided GI Tag to Telia Rumal of Telangana and
Sohrai Khovar painting of Jharkhand.
1. Highlights
The application for the Sohrai Khovar painting of Jharkhand was made by Sohra Kala
Mahila Vikas Sahyog Samiti. The application for the Telia Rumal of Telangana was made
by the Consortium of Puttapaka Handloom Cluster.
2. Sohrai Khovar Painting

The painting is created by the local tribal women in Jharkhand. It is a traditional and
ritualistic mural art. The painting is practiced only in the districts of Hazaribagh. It is
created only during marriage and harvest seasons. The tribal women use naturally
available soils of different colours.
3. Telia Rumal
The Telia Rumal is made of complex handmade work over cotton loomed cloth. It is
created using traditional handloom process. The process is complicated and can be
created only through traditional handloom processes. The designs are created in three
particular colours. This includes red, white and black.
166. Investment Capacity of India in renewable sector reached 500-700

billion USD
The Institute of Energy Economics and Financial Analysis published a study according to
which India has increased its potential of renewable energy investments to 500-700
billion USD. This is mainly because of improvements in solar power in the country.
1. Highlights
According to the study, the ultra-mega solar parks in the country have attracted foreign
capital. The Bhadla Solar Park in Rajasthan is the largest solar park in the world. It is
spread over 14,000 acres. The capacity of the park is 2245 MW of power.
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2. Ultra-Mega Power Plant
The concept of ultra-mega solar parks was framed by India in 2016. In 2016, the Ministry
of New and Renewable Energy had set a target of setting up of 40 industrial solar parks
with a capacity of 20GW. The target was doubled to 40 GW in 2022.
167. What is Event Bolt Malware in news recently?
The Computer Emergency Response of Team (CERT) of India has issued warning against
a new malware called “EventBot”. The malware according to CERT steals personal
financial information from Android phone users.
1. Highlights
The Eventbolt malware that is spreading is a Trojan. It cheats victims secretly attacking
computer or phone operating system. Currently, the malware is capable of targeting
more than 200 different financial applications. The malware has already looted crypto
currency wallets, bank accounts in Europe and US. It targets money-transfer services,
financial applications.
2. Current Scenario
According to CERT, the malware has currently attacked financial applications such as
Paypal, UniCredit, HSBC, Coinbase, TrasnferWise, etc.
3. CERT
Cert operates under Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology. It is the nodal
agency in India that deals with hacking, cyber security threats, phishing, etc. CERT
represents India at the Shanghai Cooperation Organization MoU signed by India. Around
7 countries signed this MoU. This includes Australia, Korea, Canada, Singapore, Malaysia,
Japan, India and Uzbekistan.
4. Cyber Swachhta Kendra

The Cyber Swachhta Kendra aims to create secure cyber space by detecting botnet
infections within the country. It is operated by CERT according to the provision in Section
70B of Information Technology Act, 2000.
168. Third Tranche of Rs 20 lakh Economic Package announced
With the PM Modi announcing the Atma Nirmar Bharat Abhiyan on May 12, 2020, Rs 20
lakh crore were allocated to ease life of the people during Lock Down 4.0. Following this,
the Finance Minister Nirmala Sitaraman held two press meets earlier explaining the
country about the split of these funds.
1. Infrastructure and Capacity Building

 Around Rs 1 lakh crore is being allocated to Farmer Producer Organization and cooperative
societies. This includes cold chains, post-harvest management infrastructure, storage
centres, etc. This mainly targets the startups and entrepreneurs that reach the produce to
the markets.
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 Rs 10,000 crores has been allocated to Micro Food Enterprises. A scheme is to be launched
under which the funds will be used to support local produce highlighting. It is to be noted that
PM Modi had mentioned “Vocal for Local” during his speech in Atma Nirar Bharat Abhiyan.
This will work on cluster based approach. Under the initiative, Kashmir can focus on Saffron,
Bihar on Makhana, Tamil Nadu on Tapioca, Karnataka on Ragi, Andhra Pradesh on Chillies,
North East on Bamboo and so on. Also, additional focus is to be provided on SC, STs and
women.
 This will work on cluster based approach. Under the initiative, Kashmir can focus on Saffron,
Bihar on Makhana, Tamil Nadu on Tapioca, Karnataka on Ragi, Andhra Pradesh on Chillies,
North East on Bamboo and so on. Also, additional focus is to be provided on SC, STs and
women.
 Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana
The scheme was announced during Union Budget 2020-21. Rs 20,000 crore has been
allocated to aquaculture and marine related fisheries operations. This will also help India
doubling its fisheries export.
 The scheme was announced during Union Budget 2020-21. Rs 20,000 crore has been
allocated to aquaculture and marine related fisheries operations. This will also help India
doubling its fisheries export.
 Rs 13,000 crores has been allocated to National Animal Disease Control Programme
 Rs 15,000 crores has been allocated to Animal Husbandry Infrastructure Development Fund.
This will support private investments in dairy.
 Rs 4,000 crores has been allocated to promote the cultivation of herbs and medicinal plants.
 Rs 500 crores has been allocated for bee keeping initiatives. This will benefit 2 lakh bee
keeping farmers. Wax is currently being imported in India for industrial purposes. Boosting
the bee keeping sector will help to reduce wax imports.
 The Operation Greens (TOP) scheme that focuses on Tomatoes, Onion and Potatoes has been
extended to all fruits and vegetables.
2. Governance and Administrative Reforms

 Essential Commodities Act
The act is to be amended. The food stuffs such as cereals, oilseeds, edible oils, pulses, potato
and onions are to be deregulated.
 The act is to be amended. The food stuffs such as cereals, oilseeds, edible oils, pulses, potato
and onions are to be deregulated.
 Marketing choices are to be provided to the farmers. A central law is to be constituted to
make sure farmers do not have barriers such as inter-state trade within the country.
 Quality Assurance and Agriculture Produce Price are to be provided before the sowing season
begins. A legal framework will be brought in to achieve this. Large retailers, exporters, food
processors will be included in the process.
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3. Lock Down in India and GoI steps
India is the largest milk producer, largest pulse producers and also largest jute producer.
It is also the second largest in the production of sugarcane, fruits, vegetables, cotton,
groundnuts and fisheries. India is the third largest producer of cereals.
May 16, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
169. Light Weight Carbon Foam Batteries developed by CSIR
The researcher from Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) has developed
light carbon foam that will replace lead batteries. The carbon foam is easy to fabricate,
non-toxic and affordable.
1. Highlights
The researcher is a recipient of INSPIRE Faculty award. The material developed by the
institute has the potential to replace lead-acid batteries. It is also useful to make heat
sink, electromagnetic interference shielding in aerospace, electrode for lead-acid
batteries, hydrogen storage and water purification systems.
2. Benefits
The raw materials to make the carbon foam is easily available. It also helps to remove
oil, arsenic and other metals from contaminated water.
3. Carbon Foam Batteries

The Carbon foams are porous. The pores in the batteries help increase efficiency. The
micro cells completely make a new type of electrolyte structure. Hence, the power,
energy and life cycle of the batteries increases.
4. How are carbon foam batteries better than Lead-acid batteries?

Carbon Foam batteries have better life cycle as compared to the lead-acid batteries.
They are built three-fifth the cost of other advanced batteries.
5. India in Carbon Foam Batteries

The world’s first carbon foam manufacturing unit was set up in Gujarat in 2011. 20% of
the produce in these industries are being exported and the rest are being used for
electric vehicles.
170. Injectable Silk-Fibroin based Hydrogel developed by JNCASR
The JNCASR (Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research) has developed
injectable silk-fibroin based hydrogel to deliver sustained insulin to diabetic patients.
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1. Highlights
The researchers have found that subcutaneous injection of insulin with fibroid based
hydrogel formed an active depot under the skin. This helped to leach out insulin, restore
physiological glucose for a longer period of time.
2. Diabetes
The body cells of Diabetic patients do not get glucose. This is because insulin that helps
glucose in blood reach body cells is not secreted properly in these patients.
3. What is Fibroin?
Fibroin is an insoluble protein. Silk has two proteins in its raw state called sericin and
fibroin. The fibroin is produced by silk worm. It has three chains and light and heavy
glycoprotein.
4. What is a Hydrogel?
A Hydrogel is a network of polymer chains. They are made of polyvinyl alcohol, acrylate
polymers and sodium polyacrylate and copolymers.
5. Applications of Hydrogel
Hydrogels are highly absorbent. They are used in tissue engineering. The hydrogels that
are responsive specific molecules are used as biosensors. They are also used in diapers
and sanitary napkins. They are also used in breast implants.
6. What are smart hydrogels?

The smart hydrogels are used in artificial intelligence systems. They are environmentally
sensitive. They have the ability to sense changes of temperature, pH, concentration of
metabolite, etc.
171. Defence Testing Infrastructure Scheme approved
On May 15, 2020, Defence Testing Infrastructure Scheme was approved by the Defence
Minister Raj Nath Singh. The scheme is to be implemented at an estimated amount of Rs
400 crores.
1. Highlights
The Defence Research Development Organization and the 41 ordinance factories in the
country have created testing facilities for ammunition, firearms, radar and electronic
arms at the expense of GoI.
2. About the Testing Facilities

The testing Facilities will be used to test UAVs (Unmanned Vehicles), radars, drones,
rubber testing, telecom equipment testing, shock testing, noise testing, ship motion
testing, blast testing, environment test facilities testing, etc.

Under the scheme, over six to eight test facilities are to be brought in the country. 75%
of the cost to set up these facilities will be born by the Central Government. The rest of
25% is to come through private entities and the state government.
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4. Defence Industrial Corridors
There are two main industrial corridors in India. They are in Uttar Pradesh and Tamil
Nadu. The testing centres will also help these industries to test their products.
5. Defence Exports
The scheme will also help to aid India’s Defence Export targets. During the Defexpo
2020, India had set a target of boosting defence exports to 5 billion USD in next five
years.
172. ICGS Sachet Commissioned in Goa: First Coast Guard Offshore

Patrol Vessel
On May 15, 2020, the Indian Coast Guard commissioned the first Coast Guard Offshore
Patrol Vessel, ICGS Sachet in Goa. The ceremony was chaired by the Defence Minister
Raj Nath Singh virtually.
1. Highlights
ICGS Sachet is one of the five ships under CGOPV (Coast Guard Offshore Patrol Vehicle)
project. The project was a follow-on project of the earlier six ship CGOPV project that was
completed in 2017.
2. About ICGS Sachet

All the five ships including ICGS Sachet are 105 metres long and are capable of carrying
2,350 tonnes of load. These vessels are fitted with technologically advanced machinery
and control systems. They make them the most advance patrol vessels in the Indian
Coast Guard system.
3. CG OPV project
Under the CG OPV that completed in 2017, six Samarth-class ships were commissioned
to the Indian Coast Guard. They are now in operation with the ICG.
4. Samarth Class OPV

The Samarth Class OPV were preceded by the Vishwast Class OPV and succeeded by the
Vikram Class OPVs. It was initiated following the 2008 Mumbai attacks. Because, the
intelligence unit found that the terrorists involved in the attack reached India by seas.
173. “Goal Programme” launched for Tribal Youth
The Union Minister for Tribal Affairs, Arjun Munda launched “GOAL Programme”. GOAL
Programme is Going Online As Leaders. The programme has been launched in
partnership with Facebook.
1. Highlights
The programme is being launched to provide mentorship to the tribal youth in digital
mode. This will act as catalyst to bring out more hidden talents of tribal youth. Also, it
will help in their personal development.
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2. Benefits
The programme will help to empower more than 5,000 tribal youths. The programme
has been framed with long term missions. It will help to develop the potential of tribal
youth and women. Also, it helps them acquire knowledge and skills through mentorship
in food processing, horticulture, bee keeping, medicinal herbs, etc.
3. Portal
The Ministry has also opened a portal called goal.tribal.gov.in to invite applications from
aspiring candidates. The mentors and mentees have to register on the portal that will be
open between May and July, 2020.

The programme will focus on three areas such as Life skills, digital literacy and
Leadership and Entrepreneurship on sectors such as agriculture, handicrafts and
textiles, art and culture, nutrition, etc.
5. Other Efforts
Along with the programme, GoI is planning to merge Start Up India, Mudra Yojana,
Kaushal Vikas Yojana, Jan Dhan Yojana. This will help increase the beneficiaries. Also, it
will fast track the reach of the programme. It will also help to extend the programme to
other areas other than sports.
174. AIIB sanctions 145 million USD loan for Major Irrigation Project of
West Bengal
On May 15, 2020, the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank approves a loan of 145
million USD to improve irrigation facilities and flood management West Bengal
1. Highlights
The project is to focus on the Damodar Valley of West Bengal. It will benefit more than
2.7 million farmers spread across five districts of West Bengal. The total value of the
project is 413.8 million USD. Apart from the AIIB, the project is also co-financed by IBRD
(International Bank of Reconstruction and Development).
2. Damodar River
The river flows across the states of Jharkhand and West Bengal. The river is called
“Sorrow of Bengal”. The river got the name as if ravages floods in the plains of Bengal.
Some of the major tributaries of Damodar river include Haharo, Barakar, Bokaro, Konar,
Ghari, Jamunia, Khadia, Guaia and Bhera.
3. Chhota Nagpur Plateau

It is a plateau in the eastern India. It covers the state of Odisha, Chhattisgarh and West
Bengal. The Palamau Tiger Reserve and Sanjay National Park lies in the plateau. Around
6% of the plateaus lie in the protected area zone.
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175. COVID-19: President Ram Nath Kovind to donate 30% of his salary
for a year
The President Ram Nath Kovind recently announced that he is to donate 30% of his
salary to aid the GoI in the fight against COVID-19. The Rashtrapti Bhavan will also follow
set of restrictions under the instruction of the President to save money and aid the fight.
This is being done to set an example to economize expenditure and save money to fight
against COVID-19
1. Highlights
Apart from the salary cut, domestic tours and programmes of the president will also be
cut. This will help in social distancing restrictions and also will help to minimize
expenditure. Also, the president will minimize his at home ceremonies by decreasing his
guest lists, reducing food menu and also by using lesser flowers and decorative items.
The repair and maintenance works of Rashtrapati Bhavan are to be minimized.
2. Salary of the president

The Union Budget 2018 increased the salaries of president and vice president of the
country. Currently, the salary of president of India is 5 lakhs per month. Before the raise,
it was Rs 1.5 lakhs per month. Also, the vice president salary was increased from Rs 1.10
lakhs to Rs 4 lakhs. The salaries of state governors were also increased to Rs 3.5 lakhs.
All the raises were introduced by the Union Budget 2018
3. Article 59
The article says that the emoluments and allowances of the President of India shall not
be reduced during his term of office. But in this case, the President is offering it as
donation at his will and the salary is not being cut.
176. May 16: International Day of Light
Every year, on May 16, International Day of Light is celebrated by UNESCO. The day is
being celebrated to mark the first successful operation of LASER in 1960. The first
successful LASER operation was done by an engineer and physicist Theodore Maiman.
1. Highlights
The day celebrates the role of light in art, culture, science, sustainable development and
education. The day is administered by International Basic Science Programme that is
conducted by UNESCO.
2. International Basic Science Programme

The Programme was established by UNESCO and its member states to reinforce
intergovernmental cooperation between partner organizations to strengthen national
capacities in basic sciences.
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3. Goals
The International Day of Light day aims to improve the public understanding of how light
and light based technologies help in development of future society. It also signifies the
fact that technology help in playing greater role in saving energy and therefore, lighting
technologies need to be protected.
177. World Bank approves 1 billion USD to India
On May 15, 2020, the World Bank approved 1 billion USD aid to India to accelerate
“India’s COVID-19 Special Protection Response Programme”. The fund will be used to
provide social assistance to poor, severely impacted and vulnerable households.
1. Highlights
Of the 1 billion USD aid, around 550 million USD is to be credited by the IDA
(International Development Association) and 220 million USD by the IBRD (International
Bank of Reconstruction and Development). The final maturity amount of the loan is 18.5
years. It also includes a grace period of five years.

The World Bank will partner with India in three areas namely, health, social protection
and MSME (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises).
3. Other aids
India has also received financial aids from AIIB (Asian Infrastructure and Investment
Bank), ADB (Asian Development Bank).
178. Rajiv Gandhi Kisan Nyay Yojana to be launched by Chhattisgarh
The Chhattisgarh State Government is to launch the Rajiv Gandhi Kisan Nyay Yojana.
The scheme is to be launched on May 21, 2020. The scheme is being launched to
commemorate the death anniversary of the former Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi.
1. Highlights
The scheme will infuse Rs 5,100 crores into the rural economy of the state. This is to be
done through Direct Benefit Transfer. The provisions for the scheme was made during
the State Budget 2020-21.
2. Features
Under the scheme, the farmers are to be paid Rs 10,000 per acre for the crops such as
sugarcane, corn and paddy. The scheme will benefit more than 1.87 million farmers. The
funds are to be transferred to the farmers based on the registered and notified areas for
oilseeds and pulses
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3. Other States
It is to be noted that Telangana became the first state to tell the farmers what to grow.
And through this, the state government has reduced the paddy growing to 50 lakh acres.
Also, it will prioritize the other required food grains based on the requirement of the
state.
4. Vocal for Local

These schemes will make the states self-sufficient and will aid in the Vocal for Local that
is to be implemented in the country. The COVID-19 crisis has very well shown the
importance of local produce. This boosts the income of the farmers and also makes the
essential goods available in affordable prices.
179. ENAM succeeds touching milestone of 1000 Mandis
The ENAM initiative is spread across 18 states and three union territories currently. The
Government of India recently added 38 Mandi to the initiative and has reached its set
target of 1000 Mandis.
1. Highlights
Recently, the Government of India linked 200 Mandis to ENAM and another 117 in a
short duration after this. Adding 38 more Mandis to the network, ENAM has achieved its
set target of integrating 1000 mandis. Out of these 38 mandis, 19 were from Madhya
Pradesh, four from Maharashtra, 10 from Telangana and one each from Haryana,
Gujarat, Punjab, Jammu and Kashmir and Kerala.
2. What was the target?

The GoI had set a target of linking 1000 Mandis to the ENAM platform in April 2020. This
was set up to help farmers during the lock down period. This target has now been
achieved.
3. ENAM
The ENAM initiative was launched in 2016. The scheme aimed to network all the mandis
under the platform called “One Nation One Market”. The platform also aims to reduce
transaction costs and help in expansion of market access to farmers. So far 1.66 crore
farmers and 1,31,000 traders are registered under ENAM platform.
180. Fourth Tranche of Atma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan announced
On May 16, 2020, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitaraman announced the fourth tranche of
Atma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan. The scheme allocated Rs 20 lakh crores to help people
during Lock Down 4.0.
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1. Highlights
The Government of India is to bring upon policy reforms in eight sectors. This includes
coal, minerals, defence production, civil aviation (air space managements, air ports,
MRO (Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul)), power distribution companies in the union
territories, space, atomic energy.
2. Coal Sector
Commercial mining is to brought in coal sector. The mining is to be done on revenue
sharing basis and make coal available at market prices. Incentives are to be provided to
companies that are interested in coal gasification. This is done to reduce the coal-based
pollution.
3. Minerals
A new regime is to be introduced where a seamless exploration-cum-mining-cum-
production will take place. This is currently being undertaken by different stakeholders.
Integrating the entire chain under a single collective stakeholder will certainly help
improve the efficiency.
4. Defence Production
The Defence production is to focus on Make in India initiative. The GoI is to notify a list of
weapons and platforms on which an import ban is to be imposed. This will improve
indigenous production of the country. Every year, the list is to be updated. A separate
budget provisioning is to be brought in for domestic capital procurement in the defence
sector.
5. Civil aviation
5.1. Air Space Management

Only 60% of air space is freely available. This is mainly due to defence restrictions. Due
to this, India has been using longer routes rather than optimized routes. This is being
eased and this will help save flying cost till Rs 1000 crores. This will help in reducing fuel,
travel time.
5.2. Airports
Six more airports are to be auctioned under PPP model.
5.3. MRO
GoI intends to make India a MRO hub. Most of the aircrafts in India go abroad to get their
maintenance and repair works done. Therefore, GoI has allocated Rs 2000 crores to
establish these MRO zones within the country. It is to be noted that the Union Budget
2020-21 had allocated Rs 800 crores for the same and now it has been increased.
6. Power Distribution Companies in Union Territories

The Power Distribution Companies in Union Territories are to be privatized. A Tariff Policy
is to be announced soon to achieve this.
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7. Space
Private Sectors are to be allowed as co-traveller in space journey of India. The private
sectors will be allowed to use ISRO facilities. Also, the future projects such as outer
space travel, planetary exploration are to be opened to private sector.
8. Atomic Energy
GoI will establish research reactor in PPP mode to produce medical isotopes. This will
make the treatment to certain diseases such as cancer affordable. Also, facilities are to
be established to make use of the irradiation technology for food preservation.
9. Social Infrastructure Projects

The Government of India has allocated Rs 8,100 crores to boost private sector
investments in the social infrastructure projects. The GoI is to enhance quantum of
Viability Gap Funding (VGF) up to 30%. Usually the VGF given is 30%.
10. Significance
The Government of India is to focus on fast tracking investment efforts in Atma Nirbhar
Bharat. Project Development Cell is to be formed in every ministry. Ranking of states is
to be done to bring upon competitive federalism that will help in faster development.
Incentive schemes are to be brought upon to support Make in India.
11. Portal
So far, 3,376 industrial parks have been set up in India in around 5 lakh hectares of land.
These lands are to be mapped under the Industrial Information System. Also, the
industrial parks are to be ranked in 2020-21
181. Sikkim celebrates 45th State Day
On May 16, 2020, the Sikkim Government celebrates its 45th Statehood Day. Every year
Sikkim celebrates its State Day in May 16 as the state came into existence on this day in
1975.
1. History
After India became independent in 1947, Sikkim continued to enjoy the protectorate
status with the republic of India. However, in 1973, anti-royalist riots occurred in the
state. The monarch was eventually deposed in 1975. A referendum led to the state
joining India.
2. About Sikkim
About 35% of the state is covered by the Khangchendzonga National Park. The official
languages of Sikkim include Nepali, English, Sikkimese and Lepcha.
3. Symbols of Sikkim
The state has special emblem. The State Animal of Sikkim is Red Panda, state bird is
Blood Pheasant, state flower is Noble dendrobium and state tree is Rhododendron.
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4. Can States have separate Emblems?
The Constitution does not restrict the use of separate symbols. Every state has its own
emblems. There are certain laws that make sure the symbols are honoured and not
defamed.
182. Pradhan Mantri Ujjawala Yojana completes 4 years of success
The Pradhan Mantri Ujjawala Yojana was launched in May 2016. The scheme has
successfully completed four years of its implementation.
1. Highlights
The scheme has so far helped more than 8 crore families. Around Rs 8,432 crores have
been transferred through Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) under the scheme. In order to
mark the success, on May 16, 2020, Union Minister Shri Dharmendra Pradhan interacted
with 1500 beneficiaries.

In order to fight COVID-19 and also ease lives of the people of India during lock down, PM
Modi launched Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Ann Yojana. Under the scheme, free food
grains were provided, farmers were provided with money transfers under PM KISAN
Samman Nidhi, money was also transferred to women Jan Dhan Accounts
May 17, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
183. NMIS-National Migrant Information System developed by NDMA
On May 16, 2020, the National Disaster Management Authority launched the National
Migrant Information System. It is a central online repository for the migrant workers.
1. Highlights
The online portal will help in inter-state communication to facilitate smooth movement of
migrant workers. The portal also has added advantages such as contact tracing that will
help in COVID-19 response work.
2. Shramik trains
The GoI operated more than 1,074 Shramik trains to allow migrants to return back to
their home towns. These trains ferried more than 14 lakh workers. Of these 80% of the
trains terminated in Uttar Pradesh. UP was followed by Bihar, Madhya Pradesh. This also
shows that these states have the maximum number of migrant workers.
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184. Next Generation Biodegradable Metal Implants developed by ARCI
scientists
The scientists of Advanced Research Centre for powder metallurgy and new materials
along with Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute of Medical Sciences (SCTIMST) have developed
new biodegradable implant. The implants were developed from Iron-Manganese alloy.
1. Highlights
The alloy is highly applicable for making biodegradable orthopedic implant applications
and stents. These implants participate in the healing process and gradually degrade
maintaining the mechanical integrity. They do not leave out any residues in the human
body. They are certainly better alternatives to current implants.
2. Working
During the degradation process, calcium phosphate deposits on the implants. This is
caused due to local alkalization. When the calcium and phosphates getting deposited
gets saturated, they allow the cells they allow the cells to form into tissues forming
tissues.
3. Current Implants
The current implants cause long term side effects such as toxicity, thrombosis and
chronic inflammation. These side effects are not present in biodegradable implants. The
bio degradable materials are iron, zinc and manganese.
May 18, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
185. Fifth Tranche of Atma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan announced
On May 17, 2020, the Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitaraman announced the fifth and
final tranche of Atma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan. The scheme is to implement several
measures to fight COVID-19 at an allocated budget of Rs 20 lakh crore economic
packages
1. Highlights
Under the fifth tranche of the scheme, the finance minister announced seven steps. This
included MNREGA, health and education, decriminalization of Companies Act, businesses
and COVID-19, Public Sector Enterprises, Ease of Doing Business, State Governments
and related resources.
2. MNREGA
The GoI is to allocate Rs 40,000 crore for MNREGA scheme. This will help generate
employment for 300 crore persons. It is to be noted that, earlier, the health and
sanitation workers have been included under MNREGA. This was done during the phase
of Swachh Bharat Mission.
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3. Health and Education Sector
The health and education expenditure is to be increased. The GoI is to focus on
improvising the infrastructure of these sectors. All districts will have infectious disease
blocks set up. Also, public labs are to be set up at district level. A National Digital Health
blueprint is to be implemented. Also, the GoI will increase research in health.
4. Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code

No fresh insolvency proceedings will be initiated for one year. A special Insolvency
framework will be notified under Section 240-A of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy code.
5. Decriminalization Companies Act

The majority of compoundable offences under Companies act are to be shifted to
internal adjudicating mechanism. This will de-clog National Company Law tribunal and
the criminal courts in the country.
6. Ease of Doing Business

The private companies that list non-convertible debentures on stock exchanges are to
be considered as listed companies. Also, direct listing of securities by public companies
are to be done in permitted foreign jurisdictions.
7. Public Sector Enterprises

A new public sector policy is to be brought in by the GoI. The new policy will allow
private sector to participate all the key sectors along with the public sector units. The
policy will also strategize key sectors. The strategy will be brought in such a way that at
least at least one public sector will be there in every strategic sectors. The number of
enterprises to be present in strategic sectors are four.
8. State Governments
Just like the Central Government, the state governments are also witnessing sharp drop
in revenues. Around Rs 46,038 crores have been so far devolved to state as tax revenue.
The advancing limits of states have been increased by 60%. Also, the GoI increased the
number of days a state shall stay in overdraft situation.
186. GoI to convert world’s only horse serving cavalry into regular
armoured regiment
The Indian Army is to convert the 61st cavalry, the only horse serving cavalry in the
world into a regular armoured regiment with tanks.
1. Highlights
The main aim of the plan is to convert the 61st cavalry into a combat force. This is
largely a ceremonial unit that is based in Jaipur.
2. 61st Cavalry
The 61st cavalry was raised in 1953. It was raised by amalgamating the horse mounted
cavalry units in the princely states of India. The soldiers in the cavalry are armed with
lances
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3. Lancers
The Teen Murti Memorial was erected in New Delhi to honour the lancers. The memorial
was erected during British Raj period to commemorate the heroic role played by Jodhpur,
Hyderabad and Mysore during the Battle of Hafia. The lancers represented the British
during world war I.
187. AMPHAN: Cyclonic Storm intensifies into Severe Cyclonic Storm
On May 17, 2020, the Cyclonic storm Amphan in the Bay of Bengal has intensified into
severe cyclonic storm. The cyclone is to cross West Bengal-Bangladesh coasts on May
20, 2020.
1. What is a severe cyclonic storm?

The Severe Cyclonic Storm is a storm that has winds at the rate of 89-117 km/hr. They
are called the severe based on the scale of Indian Meteorological Department
2. Scales of Cyclone
The Indian Meteorological Department classifies Cyclones based on their wind speeds.
When the wind speed is around 31-50 km/hr, it is called depression. When the wind
speed is between 51-62 km/hr, it is called Deep Depression. Beyond these speeds, the
depression becomes storm. The wind speeds of different storms as follows
3. Number of Cyclones are more in Bay of Bengal than Arabian Sea-Why?

The ocean temperatures of Bay of Bengal is more than that of Arabian Sea. Also, the hills
in the western ghats are high enough to stop the cyclones strike the coasts.
188. Indian Army to implement “ToD”
In order to help the country fight unemployment generated due to COVID-19 and also
citing resurgence of nationalism and patriotism, the Indian Army has launched “ToD”.
ToD is Tour of Duty. ToD is a three year internship for youths to work as officers and
soldiers in the Indian Army
1. Highlights
ToD is for those persons who do not wish to take defence services as a career, but still
want to experience adventure and thrills in armed forces. The Indian army estimates
that the budget of one single post under the scheme is to be Rs 80 lakhs to Rs 85 lakhs.
2. Benefits
The earnings made by the individual under the scheme has been made tax free. Also,
these candidates are to be given preferences in public sector jobs and also in post-
graduate courses.
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3. Significance
The GoI through the initiative also tries to channelize the youths in the country through
trained, diligent, disciplined military practices. More corporates are expected to come
forward to hire these youths after their 3 years of services with the military.
189. Super Earth discovered
The scientists from New Zealand have discovered the “Super Earth”. It potentially holds
the conditions to sustain human life.
1. Highlights
The super earth is one of the handful of planets discovered that are of the same size and
orbiting distance as that of the earth. The host star of the planet is 10% the mass of the
sun.
2. About the planet

The planet is larger than the earth and hence the name “Super Earth”. The planet could
be cold according to the scientists as the star is much smaller than the sun. Due to this
reason, water may not exist in its liquid state, but might occur as ice. As the planet is
heavier in mass, it might take 617 days to revolve around its star.
3. What are Goldilocks Zone?

Goldilocks Zone is the space around a star where temperature aptly sustains water in
liquid state. The space also supports life.
190. India joins 61 nations in WHO to identify Zoonotic source of COVID-

19
On May 18, 2020, India joined 61 other countries in the World Health Organization to
identify the source of COVID-19. China and US are not a part of the resolution.
1. Highlights
The countries together moved a proposal at the WHO to identify zoonotic source. Only
three permanent members of the United Nations Security Council have backed the
resolution namely Russia, France and UK. The other countries to support the resolution
includes South Korea, Japan, Australia, South Africa, India, New Zealand, etc.
2. Significance
The step is important as the bigger economies, especially China and US are politicizing
the origin of the virus.
3. Role of World Organization for Animal Health

The World Organization for Animal Health will conduct field missions to identify the
zoonotic source of the virus.
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4. World Organization of Animal Health
The organization was formerly called the OIE (Office International des Epizooties). It is an
inter-governmental organization that supports, coordinates and promotes animal disease
control.
5. What are Zoonotic sources?

The Zoonotic sources are animals from which the diseases can transmit to humans.
191. PFRDA suggests comprehensive Scheme to the Finance Ministry
On May 17, 2020, the Pension Fund and Regulatory Authority (PFRDA) of India suggested
comprehensive scheme to the Ministry of Finance. Under the scheme, the social security
measures for the people with low income are to be explored.
1. Highlights
The PFRDA has suggested comprehensive pension scheme to take along Pradhan Mantri
Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana, Atal Pension Yojana.

Under Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana, Rs 330 is being charged on yearly basis and Rs 12 per
year is being charged under Suraksha Bima Yojana. The charges on Atal Pension Yojana
is also quite low. The plan is to club all these schemes together.
3. Significance of integration
The integration increases the stability of the pension system. Also, the integration
increases the growth rate of the pension schemes. This will also increase the number of
entities participating in the scheme. This in turn improves social security of the workers.
And also, the integration during COVID-19 period will support liquidity flow in the
country.
4. Atal Pension Yojana

The APY had completed 5 years in May 2020 with more than 2.23 crore subscribers.
192. Gaganyaan Mission: ISRO to tap technologies of local start ups
The Indian Space Research Organization has identified 17 technologies at lower costs
from Indian start ups to use in Gaganyaan mission.
1. Highlights
The technologies identified includes food and medicine for astronauts, life support
systems, inflatable habitats, thermal protection technologies and anti-radiation
technologies. ISRO will also share its intellectual properties with the companies
participating in the mission.
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2. Gaganyaan Mission
Gaganyaan is a crewed space programme of ISRO. Under the programme, three air force
pilots will be carried to space. The crewed mission is to be launched in December 2021.
Along with the crew, a female looking robot Vyommitra is to accompany the astronauts.
The robot will provide warnings if the environmental changes within the cabin gets
uncomfortable to the astronauts.
3. Background
The Gaganyaan Mission was initiated during the eleventh five year plan. The total cost of
the mission is estimated to be Rs 124 billion. Rs 500 million was released in 2012. In
2018, the GoI approved 100 billion rupees.
193. Bundesliga of Germany: World’s first sports competition after

COVID-19 lock down
The Bundesliga of Germany becomes the world’s first major sports event to resume after
COVID-19 lock down.
1. Highlights
Though the sports events are beginning, they will not be played the same way. The
Bundesliga games began with empty stadium though the stadium had capacity to hold
more than 80,000 players. The players are being tested twice a week.
2. Bundesliga
The Bundesliga is the primary football league in Germany. It has the highest stadium
attendance worldwide. The game was begun in 1963. The Bundesliga is number one
football league in the world in terms of attendance.
3. Background
The COVID-19 has resulted in postponing important sports events such as Tokyo
Olympics, Wimbledon, etc.
194. US to donate Ventilators to India
The United States recently announced that it will donate ventilators to India. The
announcement is seen as a reciprocal gesture of India’s lift on the export ban of the anti-
malarial drug Hydroxychloroquine.
1. Hydroxychloroquine
India recently lifted the export ban over HCQ drugs. This benefitted the United States to
larger extent. Also, US being one of the worst hit nations of COVID-19, the lift of ban was
of great help. With the lift, around 50 million HCQ tablets were exported to the US.
2. HCQ in India
ICMR (Indian Council of Medical Research) had recommended the drug in “Prophylactic
treatment”. Prophylactic is preventive treatment.
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3. HCQ in WHO
HCQ has been included in one of the four mega trials that are being conducted by WHO
(World Health Organization). This includes HCQ, Lopinavir and Ritonavir, Lopinavir and
Ritonavir along with Interferon, Remdesivir.
195. What is Baltic Travel Bubble recently in news?
The Baltic countries have opened their borders to one another creating “travel bubble”.
This is being called the Baltic Travel Bubble.
1. Highlights
With the opening of the borders, the citizens and residents of the European Nations can
move freely. However, people coming from outside the zone are being quarantined for
14 days. This is the first travel bubble since the lock down.
2. What is Travel Bubble?

The term Travel Bubble came into existence in the month of April 2020. Under the travel
bubble strategy, the governments will open the travel pertaining to safe travel zones in
the world. This will include regions where the virus risk is minimal. This was initiated by
Australia and New Zealand. The countries agreed to the idea of travel bubble between
them recently.
3. Baltic Countries
The Baltic Countries are those countries that are in the Northern Europe and in the
eastern coast of Baltic sea. The countries that are referred to Baltic state include
Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia.
196. A new species “Troglomyces twitteri” discovered
A new parasitic fungus was discovered by a Denmark biologist called “Troglomyces

twitteri”. The fungus has been named after Twitter as it was discovered in Twitter
1. Discovery
The biologist Sofia Reboleira of University of Copenhagen, Denmark founded the species.
The image was posted in Twitter by an entomologist 1n 2018. He was sending millipede
photos to people who had tweeted him. The photos were being sent for polling purpose.
2. About the new species

The photo of the millipede had tiny dots that looked like Fungi. The Fungi belongs to the
order called Laboulbeniales. These are fungi that attack millipedes and insects. They
look like larvae.
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3. Millipedes
The Millipedes are arthropods. They have two pairs of jointed legs. They feed on
decaying leaves and dead matter. Thus, in a way they help in decomposition process.
They cause trouble in greenhouses where they cause severe damages to seedlings. They
are harmless to humans.
197. India-World Bank: Social Protection Response Programme
The World Bank and Government of India have signed agreement of 750 million USD
recently. The World Bank has assured 1 billion USD assistance to accelerate India’s
COVID-19 Social Protection Response Programme. It aims to protect vulnerable
households that are impacted due to COVID-19 pandemic.
1. Highlights
The Social Protection Response Programme is to be implemented by the Ministry of
Finance. The programme has increased the total commitment of the World Bank towards
India from 1 billion USD to 2 billion USD. The World Bank announced a financial support
of 1 billion USD in April 2020.

The programme is to be implemented in two phases. In the first phase, India is to
implement the programme through Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana. This includes
cash benefits under PM-KISAN, free cylinders under Ujjawala Scheme, additional food
grains supply and free supply of food grains under Public Distribution System. Also, cash
was deposited to women jan dhan accounts
198. GoI to implement several initiatives to boost Education Sector
PM Modi recently announced Atma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan under which Rs 20 lakh
crores was allocated. Following his announcement, the Finance Minister Nirmala
Sitaraman announced the split of the allocated funds to several initiatives.
1. Highlights
There are several initiatives to be implemented in Education Sector under Atma Nirbhar
Bharat Abhiyan. These initiatives will transform the education sector and will help in
bringing out holistic development of the students of the country.
2. PM E-Vidya
PM E-Vidya is to be launched that will unify the efforts related to online education. It will
also increase multi-mode access to education. It will include two major initiatives namely
“One Nation One Digital Platform” and “One Class One Channel”
2.1. One National One Digital Platform

The One Nation One Digital Platform will include DIKSHA. This will now become major
digital infrastructure of the country that will provide quality content to school children.
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2.2. One Class One Channel
The One Class One Channel initiative will provide quality education material for all
classes from Class I to Class 12. This will include Swayam online courses, study material
for differently abled people called DAISY (Digitally Accessible Information System). This
is to benefit more than 25 crore children.
3. Mandorapan Initiative
The initiative is to provide psychological support to teachers, students and families. will
provide support to national directory of counselors. A toll-free help line will be launched.
4. Higher Education
The E-Learning in higher education is to be expanded. Top 100 universities in the
country will start online courses. The online component in conventional universities is to
be raised from 20% to 40%. This is to benefit more than 7 crore students from different
colleges and universities.
5. National Curriculum and Pedagogical Framework

In order to promote creative and critical thinking and also to improve communication
skills of the students, joyful and experimental learning are to be focused under the
framework. The curriculum will be rooted to Indian ethos. Also, the curriculum will be
prepared in such as way that the students will fulfil global skill requirements.
6. National Foundational Literacy and Numeracy Mission

The initiative will make sure every child attains foundational literacy and numeracy in
Grade 3. In order to achieve this, the mission will aim at the following
May 19, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
199. Amphan develops into a super cyclonic storm
On May 18, 2020, Amphan turned into a super cyclonic storm. This is the second super
cyclonic storm faced by India since Fani in 1999.
1. Highlights
The Super Cyclonic storm will hit the coast of Odisha and West Bengal according to the
Indian Meteorological Department. The National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) is
preparing evacuation plan and response preparedness.
2. Stages of Cyclone Warning System in India

There are five stages of Cyclone Warning System in India. They are as follows
2.1. Pre-Cyclone Watch

Under this stage, warnings are issued before 72 hours. Th warning under this stage is
issued by Director General of Meteorology himself.
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2.2. Cyclone Alert
This is the second stage in the warning system. The warnings in this stage are issued
before 48 hours in advance of the adverse weather over coastal areas.
2.3. Cyclone Warning

At this stage, the warnings are issued at least 24 hours in advance of adverse weather
conditions.
2.4. Post Landfall Outlook

This is issued at least 12 hours in advance of the expected landfall.
3. Arabian Sea Cyclones are Weak as compared to Bay of Bengal Cyclones

The absence of landmass between the Pacific Ocean and Bay of Bengal, allows the
cyclonic winds to move easily into the Bay of Bengal. This makes them stronger than
those formed in Arabian Sea.
200. GoI implements Shekatkar Committee to create border

infrastructure
On May 18, 2020, the Government of India implemented the recommendations made by
the Shekatkar Committee to create border infrastructure.
1. Highlights
The GoI based on the recommendation of the committee has adopted Engineering
Procurement Contract (EPC) to execute the works that costs more than Rs 100 crores.
The recommendation of the committee to enhance procurement powers from Rs 7.5
crores to Rs 100 crores to the Border Road Organization has also been implemented.
2. Shekatkar Committee
The Shekatkar Committee was formed in 2018. It was constituted by the Ministry of
Defence under chairmanship of Lt General DB Shekatkar.
3. Other Recommendations
The other recommendations made by the committee are as follows
201. India attends World Health Assembly
The World Health Assembly is the decision-making body of the World Health
Organization (WHO). India was represented by Union Minister Dr Harsh Vardhan at the
World Health Assembly.
1. China and COVID-19

Around 120 countries backed the resolution to conduct investigation on China over the
origin of COVID-19.
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2. India to hold the Chair
Also, India is expected to be elected as the chair of the Executive Board of the World
Health Assembly. Japan is to be replaced by India.
3. International Health Regulation Committee

The member countries have agreed to work in close collaboration with the World
Organization for Animal Health and also with the Food and Agriculture Organization. The
committee will work on the transmission routes of the virus to find out the possible host.
The committee will also look for solutions that will help prevent such pandemic
outbreaks in the future.
4. India at the Assembly

Union Heath Minister Dr Harsh Vardhan representing India listed out various measures
being taken by India to fight against COVID-19.
5. World Health Assembly

The World Health Assembly is the highest health policy setting body in the world. It is
mainly composed of health ministers. The members of the assembly meet every year in
Geneva during the month of May.
202. ICC bans use of saliva to shine a Cricket Ball
On May 18, 2020, Anil Kumble led ICC (International Cricket Committee) banned the use
of saliva to shine the ball. The practice meant for swing bowling is now primarily held as
health risk due to the threats of COVID-19
1. Highlights
The former Indian Cricket player Anil Kumble is the current chairman of ICC Cricket
Committee. The Committee has banned use of saliva to shine a cricket ball. However,
the ICC Cricket Committee saw no harm in use of sweat to shine the ball. Instead use of
artificial substance to shine the ball is being considered.
2. Why is saliva or sweat used?

The swing of the cricket ball is mainly governed by three factors namely shiny side,
climatic conditions and behaviour of the pitch. The cricket ball creates turbulence as it
swings. The player uses sweat or saliva to make one side look shinier. This helps to
create challenging conditions to the batsman. It is legal and allowed in all matches
conducted by ICC. It is called ball tampering.
3. Types of swinging
There are two types of swinging namely conventional swinging and reverse swinging.
During conventional swinging, the ball moves towards the side of greater turbulence.
During reverse swinging, the ball swings the other side.
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203. WHO: Spraying of Disinfectants in streets is not Effective
The World Health Organization recently announced to its member countries that
spraying of disinfectants on roads is not effective. The organization rather says that
spraying disinfectants can be harmful to public health.
1. Highlights
According to World Health Organization, fumigation or spraying of disinfectants on the
streets and market places is not recommended to kill COVID-19. This is because the dirt
and debris inactivate the disinfectants
2. Why is spraying of disinfectant not recommended?

The WHO says that even in absence of organic matter, spraying of disinfectants will not
cover the surfaces for the time period that is required to deactivate the pathogens.
3. Recommendations
The WHO recommends that if a disinfectant has to be applied it has to be done with a
cloth or wipe that is soaked in disinfectant.
204. Charan Paduka Initiative: First of its kind launched for Migrant
Workers
The Charan Paduka Campaign was launched in Madhya Pradesh for the migrant workers
passing through the state. Under the campaign the migrant workers were provided with
shoes and slippers to reduce their pain.
1. Highlights
The Charan Paduka campaign is being conducted by the Police of Madhya Pradesh state.
Eventually, the initiative received full support of the public. By providing slippers, the
pain of the migrant workers is being reduced.
2. Measures of GoI
The GoI announced Atma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan under which migrant workers were
covered largely. The Government allocated Rs 20 lakh crores for the initiative. Under the
initiative, food and accommodation of the migrant workers were focused
3. Food
The One Nation One Card Scheme is to be implemented in June, 2020. This will help
provide relief for the migrant workers. However, in order to provide immediate relief, GoI
announced free food grain supply for two months. This includes 5 kg of grains and 1 kg
of pulses. To avail this, the migrant workers need not use a ration card.
4. Accommodation
As an immediate relief, temporary shelters were constructed. Affordable rental housing
scheme is to be launched under Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana for migrant workers.
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205. What is “Hanko” in news recently?
The Hanko is a personal stamp of Japan. It is equivalent to signature in other countries.

The tradition is gaining criticism in Japan post COVID-19 period.

Japan is adopting work from home culture aggressively in response to the COVID-19
pandemic. However, the age old Hanko tradition of Japan is forcing the employees to go
to the office premises for security reasons.
2. Hanko
Hanko stamping is essential in Japan for several transactions. There are specific types of
Hanko stampings such as circular and square. They are mandatory in bank documents,
government authorization and even in several day to day activities.
3. Tradition
The use of Hanko is a two millennium old tradition that was used to identify individuals
that are involved in government agencies. Baiwen is also a Japanese seal. It has red
background and white characters.
206. Rules to issue Domicile Certificate in Jammu and Kashmir issued
On May 18, 2020, the Jammu and Kashmir Administration issued rules to provide
domicile certificates. The “J&K Grant of Domicile Certificate (Procedure) rules 2020” has
been provided through an amendment of the Jammu and Kashmir Civil Services
(Decentralisation and Recruitment) Act, 2010.
1. Highlights
The rules have included extraordinary penalty of Rs 50,000 to the competitive authority
in case the issuing of domicile certificate is delayed. The penalty will be imposed by the
appellate authority and will be recovered from the salary of the competent authority.
The domicile should be provided within 7 days of the application.
2. Background
On March 31, 2020, the Government of India issued Jammu and Kashmir Reorganization
(Adaptation of State Laws) order, 2020. According to the order, the domicile of a person
is defined as
3. Impacts
Due to the order, the West Pakistan Refugees and children of the women married
outside J&K and Safai Karamcharis are now eligible to obtain domicile status.
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207. NABARD releases Rs 20,500 crores of funds for Kharif and pre-
monsoon operations
On May 18, 2020, the National Bank of Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD)
released Rs 20,500 crores. The funds will act as front-loading resources to the
cooperative banks and the Regional Rural Development Banks (RRBs).
1. Highlights
The funds have been released to help farmers in Kharif operations and also in their pre
monsoon preparations. Of the allocated amount, Rs 15,200 crores is to be provided
through cooperative banks and Rs 5,300 crores through RRBs.
2. Kisan Credit Card

The banks have initiated the Kisan Credit Card Scheme. During the months of lock down,
around 12 lakh new credit cards were provided to the farmers.
3. Atma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan

It is to be noted that the Atma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan that was recently launched by PM
Modi allocated Rs 30,000 crores for NABARD.
208. Rapid Intensification made AMPHAN a Super Cyclone
The Cyclone ‘Amphan’ has intensified from a severe cyclonic storm to a Super Cyclone.
This has happened in less than 40 hours.
1. Highlights
The rapid intensification of Amphan into a Super Cyclone is mainly because of rapid
warming up of Bay of Bengal. The following are the main reasons that led to rapid
intensification of the cyclone
2. When does Rapid Intensification occur?

Rapid Intensification of a cyclone occurs when there is increase of sustained winds that
blow at a speed of 55 km/hr. Rapid Intensification is common in case of hurricanes, so
far not in case of cyclones.
3. Difference between hurricanes and cyclones

Both hurricanes and cyclones are tropical cyclones. They are named differently based on
their region of formation. Cyclones are formed in South Pacific and Indian Oceans. On
the other hand, hurricanes are formed in North Atlantic, Eastern and Central Pacific
Oceans.
4. History
Scientists believe that Rapid Intensification might become common among the cyclones
in the future. Earlier, Rapid Intensification was observed in cyclone Vayu. However, the
main issue is that there is lack of data about rapid intensification rates of cyclone in
India.
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209. GoI: Star Rating of Garbage Free Cities Released
On May 19, 2020, the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs released star rating of
garbage free cities for the year 2019-20.
1. Highlights
Around 5 cities were given 5-star rating. This includes Ambikapur, Surat, Rajkot, Mysuru,
Indore and Navi Mumbai. The ministry had given 3-star rating to 65 cities and 1-star
rating to 70 cities.
2. About the rating

The rating system was launched by the Ministry in 2018. This was launched to provide a
mechanism to achieve Garbage free status. Also, such a rating system will motivate
cities to achieve higher cleanliness. The rating mainly focuses on solid waste
management
3. Significance
The importance of effective solid waste management and sanitation has been brought to
the forefront by the COVID-19 crisis. The solid waste management has been included in
the second phase of Swachh Bharat Mission as well.
4. COVID-19
The Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs has provided health checkups, PPE (Personal
Protective Equipment) and also payment of regular wages to sanitation workers.
210. Indian Air Force shelves three main projects
On May 18, 2020, the Indian Air Force Chief RKS Bhadauria announced that it will shelve
three main projects of worth Rs 8,000 crores. This is because the Central Government is
pushing for Make in India. Currently, the Government of India is to focus on
indigenization.
1. Highlights
Prime Minister Modi recently announced Atma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan under which the
GoI has brought upon several reforms. This includes indigenization of defence produce
as well. In order to achieve this, the government is to ban imports of certain products as
well.
2. About the projects

The shelved project includes the plan to buy 20 additional Hawk Planes from the United
Kingdom, 30 Jaguar fighter planes from the US and 38 trainer aircrafts.
3. Alternatives
Rather than getting these fighter planes abroad, the IAF is to support HAL (Hindustan
Aeronautics Limited). The IAF will take assistance from HAL for engine related upgrades.
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211. US Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine: First to show positive response
The COVID-19 Vaccine by a US based firm Moderna has become the first to show
positive results. The vaccine is considered as huge success because, it is the first
vaccine which has generated antibodies against the virus.
1. Highlights
Around 8 people who received the vaccine in the United States have shown positive
results. The LNP-encapsulated mRNA-1273 vaccine functions on the concept of mRNA
(messenger RNA). The vaccine injects messenger RNA in order to generate immunity
against the virus.
2. What was the major success?

The people that were given the dose of mRNA-1273 produced antibodies and also
stopped the reproduction of the virus. The levels of antibodies developed were the same
as those found in patients that recovered from the virus.
3. Side Effects
The low and medium doses of the vaccine created redness at the spot where it was
injected. In case of high doses, the patients developed fever and headaches. However,
the side effects faded away after a day.
May 20, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
212. Nepal approves new Map: Includes Kalapani
On May 19, 2020, Nepap approved a new map that included the territories of Kalapani,
Lipuleh and Limpiyadhura. However, the territories have been claimed by India as well.
In October 2019, India issued a new political map that included Lipulekh and Kalapani on
its side of border.

In 1816, the kingdom of Nepal and British India signed the Treaty of Sugauli under which
Kali River was fixed as the Western Border of Nepal. The issue has arisen in locating the
source of the river that led to boundary disputes between India and Nepal. Both the
countries are supporting their own claims.
2. India’s Claims
India recently inaugurated a road section in Pithogarh district of Uttarakhand. According
to India, under treaty of Sugauli, Limpiyadhura is the point of origin of Kali river. It is the
point where Nepal border begins.
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3. Kali River
Kali river originates in Sivaliks ranges. The Himalayas are divided into three ranges
namely Himadri, Himachal and Sivalik. The river is under India’s clean up target of
National Ganga River Basin Authority.
4. National Ganga River Basin Authority

The National Ganga River Basin Authority was established under Environment Protection
Act, 1986. The act also declared Ganges as the National River. The authority though has
role in safeguarding the river basin, it is not involved in National Mission for Clean
Ganga.
213. India provides 2 million USD aid to United Nations Relief and Works
Agency
On May 19, 2020, India provided 2 million USD relief aid to the UNRWA (United Nations
Relief and Works Agency) to help in welfare of Palestine refugees. The aid is to be used
in core programmes including education and health for the refugees.
1. Highlights
In 2019, India increased its annual contribution to UNRWA from 1.25 million USD in 2016
to 5 million USD in 2019. In 2020, India made an additional contribution of 5 million USD.
This made Indian becoming a member in the UNRWA’s advisory commission.
2. Significance
There are more than 3.1 million Palestine refugees. They completely depend in the
health services provided by UNRWA. UNRWA also educated 526,000 students every
year. These refugees are Palestinians that fled their homes during 1948 war.
3. India-Palestine
India is also preparing medical supplies for the Palestinians in order to help them fight
against COVID-19. India has also signed 17 agreements separately with Palestine. Under
these agreements, India is to help Palestine in the fields of health, agriculture, youth
affairs, Information Technology, consular affairs, media and women empowerment.
214. WHO: Independent Inquiry in handling of COVID-19
On May 19, 2020, the World Health Organization announced that it will initiate
independent review in handling COVID-19 pandemic. In order to achieve this, the
organization is to launch “Resolution on COVID-19 response”.
1. Highlights
The main aim of the review is to put an end to the international blame game in the origin
of COVID-19. The resolution was taken at the 73rd World Health Assembly that was held
through video conference. India was represented by the Union Health Minister Dr Harsh
Vardhan.
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2. Resolution
Around 116 countries backed the resolution of independent review. India backed the
resolution. The idea of resolution was initiated by Australia. However, the resolution was
drafted by European Union. China opposed the resolution.
3. Why is China opposing?

According to the available information so far, the COVID-19 is a zoonotic disease that
spreads from animals to humans. Its outbreak has been in Wuhan, China and has rapidly
spread all over the world. Different countries have adopted different ways to tackled the
crisis. This is also to be a part of the investigation.
215. First 12,000 HP Electric Loco operationalized by Indian Railways
On May 19, 2020, the Indian Railways operationalized the first 12,000 HP electric
locomotive. The locomotive was built by the French Alstom Company under the Make in
India initiative.
1. Highlights
The locomotive was manufactured at the Madhepura Electric Locomotive in Bihar. It is
capable of hauling 6000 tonnes at a top speed of 120 km/hr.

Under the Indo-French project, around 4 locomotives were to be delivered in 2018, 35 in
2019-20, 60 in 2020-21 and 100 every year till the end of 11-year long delivery. The
project is considered as the largest FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) in the railways
sector.
216. Sun has entered into deepest period of Sunshine Recession
The sun has reached into a state of ‘solar minimum’. It has been more than 100 days
since sun has shown zero sunspots. The sun is to enter into the deepest period of
‘sunshine recession’.
1. Highlights
The cycle of the sun lasts for 11 years. This is called Solar Cycle. Solar minimum does
not mean that sun becomes dull or its activity reduces. It simply means that the sun is
changing forms. The sun spots fade away every 11 years.
2. Solar Cycle
The Solar Cycle is also called the Solar Magnetic Activity Cycle. It exists for 11 years and
is measured in terms of number of sun spots on the surface. Sunspots were observed in
the early 17th century. It was first observed by Galileo Galilei.
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3. Magnetic polarity
The sun spots are magnetic in nature. The magnetic polarity of sun spots are constant
throughout the cycle. It is opposite across the equator throughout a cycle. Also, the
magnetic polarity reversed itself from one cycle to the other.
217. May 20: World Bee Day
Every year May 20 is being celebrated as World Bee Day by the United Nations. The
official celebrations began in 2018.
1. Highlights
The World Bee Day is celebrated to commemorate the birthday of Slovenian apiculture
pioneer Anton Jansa. This year, the World Bee Day is celebrated under the theme.
2. Significance
Bees are the greatest pollinators. They are under great threats currently due to habitat
loss, parasites, diseases and agricultural pesticides. According to United Nations, around
35% of world agriculture still depend on pollinators.
3. International Pollinator Initiative

The International Pollinator Initiative mainly aims to promote coordinated world wide
action. It was launched under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). The initiative
is to run till 2030. India is also a part of the initiative.
218. Artificial Intelligence: GoI launches National Test Abhyas
The Ministry Human Resources Development recently launched a new mobile application
called “National Test Abhyas”.
1. Highlights
The mobile application was developed by the National Testing Agency. The application
will help the candidates to take mock tests for exams such as JEE Mains, NEET, etc. The
application is powered by Artificial Intelligence and therefore the students will get
instant results after taking the tests.
2. Significance
The JEE Mains exam is to be conducted between July 18 and July 23 and the NEET exam
is to be conducted on July 26. Thus, the application will help the students at larger level.
3. National Testing Agency

The National Testing Agency conducts the competitive exams in the country. This
includes JEE, GATE, NEET, GPAT, UGC, CAT, NET, etc. It was established under the Indian
Societies Registration Act, 1860. The NTA is an autonomous organization.
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219. Federation of Indian Export Organization: Indian Exports to fall by
20%
On May 19, 2020, the Federation of Indian Export Organization reported that the Indian
Exports are to fall by 20%. This according to the organization will amount to 50-60 billion
USD.
1. Highlights
The FIEO, the apex body of the exporters has requested to provide additional 2%
support under the MEIS (Merchandise Exported from India) scheme. Also, the
organization has requested additional 4% support to labour intensive sectors.
2. MEIS Scheme
The MEIS scheme was introduced under Foreign Trade Policy of India. The scheme
focuses to make the Indian products competitive in the Global market. The MEIS scheme
replaced Focus Product Scheme (FPS), Focus Market Scheme (FMS), Infrastructure
Incentive scheme and Vishesh Krishi Gramin Upaj Yojana.
3. Federation of Indian Export Organization

The FIEO was set up under Ministry of Commerce. It is the premier body of Export
Promotion Council. The Organization provides an interface between international trading
community and central and state governments in the country.
220. COVID-19: ICMR Clinical Trials on BCG Vaccine
The Indian Council of Medical Research is conducting clinical trials to check on the
efficacy of Tuberculosis vaccines against COVID-19.
1. Highlights
The ICMR is to focus on vaccine potential of India in reducing death of COVID-19 infected
patients. The trials that will find out the efficacy of BCG Vaccine in COVID-19 patients is
to be conducted in conjunction with National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis.
2. BCG Vaccine
The BCG vaccine is Bacillus Calmette-Guerin. It is a vaccine that uses live attenuated
stain of Mycobacterium Bovis. Meaning, the potency of the pathogen is disabled
artificially and the characters are retained.
3. National BCG Vaccination Policy

India is currently following National BCG Vaccination Policy. According to the National
Family Health Survey, around 91.9% of children in the age group of 12 to 23 months are
receiving the vaccine. The survey also says that India has the capacity of producing
2,800 lakh BCG Vaccine doses in a year.
4. Background
The researchers of Biomedical sciences of New York Institute of Technology have
reported that the countries administered BCG Vaccine Programme has less incidents of
COVID-19 as compared to countries that did not administer the programme.
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221. National Crisis Management Committee meets to review AMPHAN

preparedness
The AMPHAN Super Cyclone is expected to reach West Bengal by May 20, 2020. The
wind speeds are expected to be between 155 km/hr and 165 km/hr. In order to review
the preparatory measures, the National Crisis Management Committee met under the
chairmanship of Cabinet Secretary.
1. National Crisis Management Committee

The National Crisis Management Committee oversees the command, coordination and
control of disaster response. It gives direction to the Crisis Management Group as when
necessary.
2. Functions of the Committee

The National Crisis Management Committee reviews the measures required to deal with
natural calamity. It coordinates the activities of the state governments and central
ministries in relation to disaster preparedness.
3. Background
Between 1965 and 2017, around 46 severe cyclonic storms have hit Bay of Bengal.
Cyclone Phailin that hit in 2013 and super cyclone of 1999 are the cyclones that affected
the coasts of Odisha badly. In 2019, Cyclone Fani made landfall in Odisha that claimed
lives of 40 people.
222. Beneficiaries of Ayushman Bharat touches 1 crore
On May 20, 2020, the number of beneficiaries of Ayushman Bharat touched 1 crore. PM
Modi had a telephonic conversation with the 1 croreth beneficiary of the scheme.
1. COVID-19
Post COVID-19, the Government of India made the testing and treatment of the disease
free under Ayushman Bharat. The testing of COVID-19 is being carried out according to
the protocols fixed by ICMR.
2. Ayushman Bharat
The Ayushman Bharat Scheme was launched in 2018. It was earlier known as National
Health Protection Scheme. The scheme provides an insurance cover of Ts 5 lakh per
annum per family. The eligible families under the scheme are fixed based on the Socio-
Economic Caste Census (SECC).
3. Significance
According to National Sample Survey Office (NSSO), around 82% of urban households
and 86% of rural households do not have health care insurance. Almost 17% of Indian
households spend one-tenth of their budget on health services.
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223. Cabinet meets to approve several initiatives under Atma Nirbhar
Bharat Abhiyan
On May 20, 2020, the union cabinet approved several initiatives under Atma Nirbhar
Bharat Abhiyan that was launched by PM Modi recently.
1. Allocation of Food Grains

The Union Cabinet has given its nod to allocate food grains from the central pool to over
8 crore migrants. The migrants are to be provided with 5 kg of food grains per person
per month. This is to be done under Public Distribution System. The National Food
Security Act has empowered the GoI to take such a step.
2. Coal Auction
The Fianance Minister Nirmala Sitaraman announced the coal auctioning method while
announcing the economic package of Atma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan. This has been
approved by the Union Cabinet.
3. Jammu and Kashmir Reorganization Second Order, 2020

According to the order, the domicile conditions to all level jobs in the state has been
changed.
4. Emergency Credit Line Scheme

Under the scheme, the Union Cabinet has approved additional funding of upto Rs 3 lakh
crore to the eligible MSMEs. In order to achieve this, the GoI has allocated Rs 41,600
crores.
5. Special Liquidity Scheme

The Union Cabinet has approved the Special Liquidity Scheme for the Housing Finance
Corporations and Non-Banking Finance Corporations in order to increase the liquidity
flow in the country. Under the scheme, a Special Purpose Vehicle is to be set up that will
manage the stressed asset funds. The special securities of these assets are to be bought
by the GoI and RBI. They will then use these securities to acquire short term debts.
6. Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana

The Union Cabinet has given its approval to implement measures under the scheme. The
Scheme will bring upon blue revolution. It is to be implemented for a period of 5 years.
7. Prdhan Mantri Vaya Vandana Yojana

Under the approval, the scheme is to be extended till March 2023. The minimum
investment of the scheme has been revised to Rs 1,56,658 for the pension amount of Rs
12,000 per annum and Rs 1,62,162 for pension amount of Rs 1000 per month.
8. Micro Food Processing

The Union Cabinet has approved the Scheme for Formalisation of Micro Food Processing
Enterprises. The GoI has allocated Rs 10,000 crores under the scheme. The expenditure
of the state is to be shared between centre and states in the ratio of 60:40.
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224. Rare Palm from Andaman replanted in Kerala: To prevent its
Extinction
A rare palm from South Andaman Island has found its second home in Jawaharlal Nehru
Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute (JNTBGRI) Kerala. The species has been
brought to the Indian mainland to prevent its extinction.
1. Highlights
The rare palm is called Pinanga andamanensis and is a critically endangered species.
There are only 600 specimens of the species at present. It is tiny and generally grows in
evergreen forests.
2. About the palm

The palm requires 5 t 6 hours of sunshine, 80% of humidity. It thrives well in areas
where the temperature is between 22 degree Celsius and 24 degree Celsius.
3. What is Germplasm?
Germplasm is the living resources like tissue and seeds that are preserved for plant
breeding. They can also be used are genetic resources.
May 21, 2020
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225. May 21: International Tea Day
Every year, on May 21, the United Nations observes International Tea Day. The
resolution to celebrate International Tea Day was adopted in 2019 by the United Nations
food and Agriculture Organization.
1. History
The International Tea Day is being celebrated since 2005 in major tea producing
countries of the world namely Sri Lanka, India, Indonesia, Vietnam, Bangladesh, Nepal,
Kenya, Malaysia, Malawi, Uganda and Tanzania. It aims to draw the attention of citizens,
governments about the impact of global tea trade.
2. Objective
The main goal of the day is to promote sustainable production of tea and increase
awareness in fighting poverty and hunger.
3. Intergovernmental Group on Tea

The Intergovernmental Group of Tea operating under Food and Agriculture Organization
proposed the concept of International Tea Day in 2015.
4. Sustainable Development Goals

The tea production helps to achieve the following goals
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5. Significance
Tea Production is sensitive to climate changes. Tea can be produced only in agro-
ecological conditions. There are very limited countries that produce tea.
6. India
India is the second largest tea producing country after China. Also, India is the largest
consumer of tea in the world. India consumes around 30% of global tea output.
226. Exploration underneath Assam National Park receives

Environmental Clearance
On May 20, 2020, the major exploration by the Oil India Limited beneath the Dibru-
Saikhowa National Park of Assam received environmental clearance. There were
concerns that the project would affect the flora and fauna in the region. The park is the
only region in India that supports feral horses.
1. Highlights
The Oil India Limited (OIL) has received environmental clearance from MoEFCC (Ministry
of Environment, Forest and Climate Change) to extend drilling and testing of
hydrocarbons.
2. Feral Horse
The Feral horse is not a true wild horse. The only true wild horse that exists today is the
Przewalski’s horse, that are native to Central Asia. The Prezewalski horse was first
classified as extinct by the IUCN red list. Later, they were reclassified as critically
endangered in 2008 and endangered in 2011.
3. Extended Reach Drilling

The Extended Reach Drilling Technology is directional drilling beneath the earth. The
technology aims to reach larger area and longer distances. It is done to maximize
productivity and drainage capability.
227. New Incidents change dynamics of India-China Border
India has recently increased its patrolling in the Line of Actual Control. This in turn
increased bolstering of Chinese troops in the Aksai Chin Region.
1. Highlights
Since May 2020, India has been entering China occupied region. India has recently
constructed defence facilities across the border in the Galwan Valley region. This is the
main reason behind the recent India-China border issue being rising up.

Both India and China claim the regions of Aksai Chin and Arunachal Pradesh. The military
clashes are occurring as the countries have not come to conclusion in demarcating the
boundary.
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3. India
India demands for two lines in the border. A line that Chinese do not cross and another
line that India will not cross.
4. China
China demands for a comprehensive code of conduct for the forces of both the
countries. India is reluctant to accept the code of conduct as the proposal limits
modernization of Indian military. It will also enable China to preserve to military
advantage of Tibet.
5. Why are Indian Actions being called illegal?

The Indian patrolling along the border is being called illegal. This is mainly because
according to 2013 Border Defence Cooperation Agreement that was signed by India and
China, “Patrols shall not be allowed on other sides where there is no common
understanding”.
228. North East Model: Minimized COVID-19 threats and a huge success
The North East Model of COVID-19 has been a huge success. The model in effect has
helped declare five stated in the region COVID-19 free. This included Meghalaya,
Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Sikkim and Nagaland.
1. Highlights
Tripura had increased number of COVID-19 cases especially among CAPF (Central Armed
Police Force). Assam, being the biggest state in the region has contained the disease in
local clusters.
2. The Model
The North East Model was successful due to prompt responses from both Central and
State Governments. They are as follows
3. Red Army
Red Army was formed in the North East. The army consisted of wise old men and women
that help villages and have great respect among the villagers. They were called gaon
buras (male village elders) and gaon buris (female village elders). This helped reach the
tribals easily that was the major contribution for the north eastern states to become
COVID-19 free.
4. Lifeline Udan
The Lifeline Udan scheme was launched to provide essential commodities and medical
cargo. The scheme supplied Personal Protective Equipment, gloves and masks.
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229. 26 Defence Items approved by Defence Ministry to boost Make in
India
On May 20, 2020, the Ministry of Defence approved procurement of 26 defence items to
boost “Make in India” initiative. This was done through the amendment of Public
Procurement Order 2017.
1. Highlights
The Ministry of Defence has so far notified 127 items to under which the local suppliers
will be given preference. Of these 127 items, these 26 items are more important.
2. Special preference to 26 items

The 26 items have been made important under Clause 3(a) of Public Procurement Order,
2017. According to the order, the procuring entities shall procure these items only from
the local suppliers. Also, they shall procure the items irrespective of the purchase value.
This has been done so that the local suppliers meet Minimum Local Content (MLC).
3. Public Procurement Order

The Public Procurement Order was issued in 2017 to promote Make in India campaign. It
promotes production and manufacturing of goods and services to improve income and
employment.
4. Atma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan

The above steps are being done to boost economic growth of the country. The MSMEs of
India has been badly hit due to the threat of COVID-19. Among all other initiatives, the
GoI is to give importance to locally manufactured goods under the scheme. In order to
achieve this, import of certain goods are to be banned in defence sector. By this,
indigenization of the country is to be improved.
230. May 21: National Anti-Terrorism Day
Every year on May 21, India observes National Anti-Terrorism Day. The day is observed
to mark the death anniversary of the former prime minister Rajiv Gandhi.
1. Highlights
Rajiv Gandhi was the sixth prime minister of India. He served as the prime minister of
the country between 1984 and 1989. He was assassinated in Sriperumbudur, Tamil Nadu
in May 1991.
2. Rajiv Gandhi
Rajiv Gandhi took the office of Prime Minister after his mother, the former PM of India,
Indira Gandhi was assassinated.
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231. Fifteenth Finance Commission meets to discuss Health Sector and
Fiscal Consolidation
On May 21, 2020, the Fifteenth Finance Commission met to discuss health sector and
fiscal consolidation in the country.
1. Highlights
A high-level group was constituted by the Finance Commission on health sector. The
group had submitted its report August 2019. Some of its recommendations were
incorporated in the first report of the Finance Commission for the year 2020-21. The
group has now been asked to recommend measures to contain the spread of COVID-19.
2. Role of the Group

The group will create a road map of fiscal consolidation for the GoI for the fiscal years
2021-22 to 2025-26. The group will focus on the extraordinary situation caused by
COVID-19 and its economic impacts.
3. Fifteenth Finance Commission

The Fifteenth Finance commission recommended that the vertical devolution be reduced
from 42% to 41%. Vertical devolution is the share of tax revenue that is shared by the
centre with the states.
4. About FC
The Finance Commissions are constituted under Article 280 of Constitution of India. It is
constituted by the President of India every fifth year. The recommendations made by the
Finance Commission are advisory in nature. The FC makes recommendations for a
duration of 5 years
232. India attends NAM Health Minister meet
On May 20, 2020, Union Health Minister Harsh Vardhan attended Non-Aligned Movement
(NAM) through video conference.
1. Highlights
The NAM summit was chaired by the Health Minister of Azerbaijan Ogtay Shiraliyev. India
at the summit, highlighted its contribution such as medical supplies to over 123
countries. This includes 59 NAM countries as well.
2. NAM Summit
The Non-Aligned Movement is a major bloc after United Nations. In 1955, the principles
of the movement was framed at the Bandung Conference. NAM was established in 1961.
The initiative to begin NAM was led by the then Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru,
Yogoslav President Josip Broz Tito and Eqyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser.
3. Principles of NAM
The five main principles of NAM include mutual non-aggression, mutual respect for each
other territories, equality and mutual benefit, mutual non-interference in domestic affairs
and peaceful coexistence.
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4. Background
The Non-Aligned Movement was started to thaw out Cold war. The cold war was the
geopolitical tension between the US and Soviet Union.
233. GoI: Scheme launched for 100% solarization of Konark Sun Temple
and Town
On May 20, 2020, the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy launched a scheme to
solarize the Konark town and Konark sun temple completely.
1. Highlights
The scheme has been launched to develop the historic Sun Temple in the town of
Konark. Also, the scheme will develop the town into Surya Nagri. The development will
be to deliver the message of synergy between the sun temple and the modern use of
solar energy. The scheme mainly aims at promoting solar energy.
2. Key Features of the scheme

The scheme will set up 10 MW grid connected solar project. It will also launch
applications such as solar drinking water kiosks, solar trees and off grid solar power
plants with battery storage. The project is to be implemented by Odisha Renewable
Energy Development Agency.
3. Konark Sun Temple

The Konark Sun Temple is a world heritage monument. It was built in the 13th century. It
was built by King Narasimhadeva I. The temple had been designed in the shape of a
chariot. It was declared a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1984.
234. Agappe Chitra Magna launched by SCTIMST to detect COVID-19
On May 20, 2020, the Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Science and Technology
operating under Department of Science and Technology has launched magnetic nano
particle based RNA extraction kit called “Agappe Chitra Magna”.
1. Highlights
The Agappe Chitra Magna kit was validated by the National Institute of Virology. The kit
was developed by the SCTIMST and was transferred to Agappe Diagnostics and hence
the name Agappe Chitra Magna kit.
2. About the kit

The kit uses an innovative technology of magnetic nano particles to isolate RNA. The
nanoparticles are used to capture RNA from the sample of the patient. The kit enhanced
detection of positive cases. This is because the magnetic nanoparticles binds to the viral
RNA and when exposed to magnetic field gives concentrated RNA.
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3. Benefits
The kit is highly affordable. The price of the kit is Rs 300 and is expected to come down
to Rs 150. This will help to address the needs of India. The Government of India has
estimated that the country will need around 8 lakhs kits per month for the next six
months. The Agappe Diagnostics has manufacturing capacity of 3 lakh kits per month.
235. India-Bangladesh sign Inland Water Transit and Trade Protocol
On May 20, 2020, India and Bangladesh signed the second Addendum of the Inland
Water Transit and Trade Protocol in Bangladesh.
1. Highlights
Under the new protocol, the countries can ply on designated protocol route. Also,
movement of shallow draft mechanized vessels have been allowed between Dhubri
(India) and Chilmari (Bangladesh). This is being considered as path breaking
development. This will help in export of Bhutanese cargo, stone chips and North East
Cargo to Bangladesh. The step will increase economy of Bangladesh and lower Assam.
2. Routes
Under the new addendum signed, the number of Indo Bangladesh Protocol routes are
being increased from 8 to 10.
3. Ports
Currently there are 6 ports that are operated under the protocol. Now with the new
agreement, five more ports of call have been included. The inclusion of Jogigopha will
help in connectivity with Meghalaya, Bhutan and Assam
4. Significance
The inland water transit is important for India to transport food grains, agricultural
products, fertilizers, containerized cargo and cement. The major export cargo from India
to Bangladesh is fly ash. India exports around 30 lakh metric tonnes of fly ash to
Bangladesh in a year. It is to be noted that recently environmentalists raised concerns of
fly ash barges sinking in Hooghly river.
May 22, 2020
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236. Khadi Masks gain Global recognition and demand
The Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) explore the possible option of
exporting silk and cotton face masks to foreign countries. This is being done to promote
“Vocal for Local”, that was initiated under Atma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan.
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1. Highlights
So far, the KVIC has received 8 lakh orders of masks and has supplied 6 lakhs during
Lock down period. With overwhelming responses in India, KVIC is to expand the khadi
masks globally. The plan is to supply Khadi Masks to countries such as USA, Dubai,
Mauritius, middle east and to several other European countries.
2. Significance
The export of Khadi masks will help to increase production and ultimately help boost
employment. As the masks are cost effective, breathable, reusable, washable and bio-
degradable, their demands are increasing globally.
3. Why are cotton masks more comfortable?

The double twisted fabric helps retain moisture and creates easy passage for air. This
makes cotton fabric more comfortable to wear. On the other hand, synthetic masks are
not porous. Hence do not allow passage of air. It does not absorb the sweat as well.
Hence, wearing synthetic masks increases perspiration and creates discomforts and
itching forcing the users to touch or adjust the mask.
237. E-Conclave for Defence MSMEs held
On May 21, 2020, the Union Defence Minister Rajnath Singh chaired the E-Conclave of
Defence MSME (Micro Small and Medium Enterprises).
1. Highlights
The E-conclave was organized by CII (Confederation of Indian Industry), SIDM (Society of
Indian Defence Manufacturers) and Department of Defence Production. Around 800
Defence MSMEs participated in the conclave that was held through video conferencing.
2. Background
The GoI recently announced that, the defence sector will focus on indigenization of
defence raw materials to boost its defence production. This was announced to help
economic growth during COVID-19 crisis. To achieve this, the GoI had imposed import
ban on certain goods during its announcement of Atma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan. The
Indian Air Force recently announced its stalling of three main projects of buying aircrafts
from foreign countries. Instead, the IAF is to tie up with HAL to achieve those projects.
3. India’s Target
The Conclave will certainly help India achieve its target of 25 billion defence production
by 2025.
238. Textiles Committee launches indigenous design of PPE Testing

Equipment: Synthetic Blood Penetration Testing Equipment
On May 21, 2020, the Textiles Committee operating under Ministry of Textiles has
launched testing equipment for Personal Protection Equipment (PPE). The Committee will
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now on test the PPEs produced in the country. The Equipment is called Synthetic Blood
Penetration Testing Equipment
1. Highlights
The laboratory set up to test the PPEs was accredited by the NABL (National
Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories). A Unique Certification
Code has been passed to test the samples submitted by the manufacturers of PPEs. The
UCC has been uploaded in all official websites such as Ordnance Factory Board, DRDO
(Defence Research Development Organization).
2. Synthetic Blood Testing Equipment

The Equipment tests the resistance of the PPE (masks, covers, etc) to penetration of
synthetic blood under different levels of pressure.
3. Textiles Committee
Textiles Committee was established in 1963 to ensure quality of textiles. The committee
tests the machineries both for usage within India and export purpose as well. It also
provides inspection besides its main objective of quality of textiles.
239. Pradhan Mantri Ujjawala Yojana: 6.8 crore free Cylinders

distributed
On May 21, 2020, the Government of India announced that around 6.8 crore free
cylinders have been distributed under Prdhan Mantri Ujjawala Yojana.
1. Highlights
Under the scheme, free LPG cylinders are being provided by the Ministry of Petroleum
and Natural Gas. This covers more than 8 core beneficiaries of Pradhan Mantri Ujjawala
Yojana. The beneficiaries are provided with the funds through Direct Benefit Transfer
(DBT).
2. Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana

The scheme was launched in December 16, 2016 under Ministry of Finance. The scheme
was valid till March 31, 2017. It was launched to declare unaccounted black money and
wealth. The scheme was recently updated to mitigate the losses faced by the poor due
to COVID-19.
240. Western Ghats to be declared Ecologically Sensitive Area soon
On May 21, 2020, the Union Minister Prakash Javadekar interacted with the Chief
Ministers of the State Governments through video conference. The meeting held
discussions relating to notification of declaring Western Ghats as Ecologically Sensitive
Area.
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1. Highlights
The states that participated in the video conference include Karnataka, Kerala,
Maharashtra, Goa, Tamil Nadu and Gujarat. The Government of India constituted a High
level working group under Dr Kasturirangan. The committee identified geographical
areas in the states that need to be declared Ecologically Sensitive Areas. Based on the
report submitted by the committee, the Central Government in 2018 issued a draft
notice to notify the areas as Ecologically Sensitive Areas (ESA).
2. Outcome of the meet

The State Governments have expressed their interests in expediting early notification of
ESA. They were unanimous in ensuring the protection of Western Ghats.
3. Maharashtra
The State of Maharashtra proposed to include a greater number of villages as
Ecologically Sensitive Areas. Under its proposal, the state has requested to include 2,092
villages under ESA. The Centre had proposed to include 2,133 villages.
4. What is ESA?
When an area is declared ESA, it means that restrictions are put on mining, thermal
plants, quarrying, construction and setting up of industries.
241. May 22: International Day for Biological Diversity
Every year, on May 22, the International Day for Biological Diversity is marked by the
United Nations. The day highlights the biodiversity issues.

The theme emphasizes on solidarity, hope and importance of working together to build
future of life in harmony with nature.
2. Background
The resolution to celebrate the day was adopted in 1992. The day was initially
celebrated on December 29 till 2000 starting from 1993. It was marked on December 29
to celebrate the Day the Convention on Biological Diversity came into effect. It was later
shifted to May 22 to commemorate the adoption of convention at Rio Earth Summit.
3. Sustainable Development Goals

The say falls under the ambit of SDG Goals of the UN after United Nations 2015
development agenda of SDG. Through this the day addresses larger concerns such as
sustainable agriculture, health, land degradation, desertification, energy, etc.
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242. Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana: Coir Geo Textiles approved for
rural road construction
Under the Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana, the Coir Geo Textiles are to be used in
rural road development. This is to be done by the National Rural Infrastructure
Development Agency.
1. Coir Geotextiles
They are made of coir and last up to 3 to 5 years. The coir geotextiles degrades into
humus. This enriches the soil.
2. Geotextiles
Geo Textiles are permeable fabrics that have the ability to filter, separate, reinforce,
drain and protect. They are made from polypropylene.
3. Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana III

The Phase III of Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana was launched in December 2019. It
focuses on consolidation of 1,25,000 km of routes. It mainly includes major rural links.
The aim is to connect the Gramin Agricultural markets, hospitals and higher secondary
schools.
243. Rs 170 crores disbursed to MNREGA
On May 21, 2020, the Government of India disbursed RS 170 crores to MNREGA workers.
The amounts were disbursed to the beneficiaries through the Deaprtment of Rural
Development and Panchayati Raj.
1. Highlights
The Department has taken up more than 14,000 development projects under MNREGA
(Mahatma Gandhi Rural Employment Guarantee Act) since April 20, 2020. This includes
8,300 Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana housing projects and 1,670 water conservation
projects. Around 5.28 lakh person days were created in Jammu and Kashmir alone
2. Significance
With the migrants returning to their home town due to COVID-19 crisis, the rural
population increased in the country and so did rural unemployment. In order to address
this issue, the GoI under MNREGA increased the workmanship. Also, the labour charges
under the scheme was increased from Rs 182 to Rs 202.
244. GoI amends General Financial Rules
On May 21, 2020, the Government of India amended General Financial Rules to make
sure the goods and services that are of value less than Rs 200 crores are procured from
domestic firms.
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1. Highlights
The GFR 2017 (General Financial Rules) have been amended by the Central
Government. Under the new amendment, global tenders henceforth will be disallowed in
government procurement that are of value Rs 200 crores. This was announced in Atma
Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan.
2. General Financial Rules

The GFR are set of rules that deal with matters that involve public finances. They were
first issued in 1947 bringing together all the existing orders. They are instructions that
pertain to financial matters.
3. GFR 2017
The GFR 2017 was revised in 2017 to make sure an organization manages its business
without compromising its flexibility.
4. Global Tender
Tendering is a process where bids for a project are accepted. Now, global tendering is
tenders from foreign countries or through foreign investment. “Disallowing Global
Tenders” is stopping foreign investments to a particular threshold to boost indigenous
companies.
245. India: The Second Largest Manufacturer of PPE in the world
On May 21, 2020, India became the second largest producer of Personal Protective
Equipment in the world. China is the leading producer of PPE in the world.
1. Highlights
The Ministry of Textiles has been taking several measures to maintain the quality of PPE
alongside manufacturing.
2. Background
Initially India faced several challenges in increasing quality PPE products. This includes
importing machines from China and also increasing prices. Apart from these, there were
delay in imports and non-availability of domestic manufacturers.
3. Potential of India
India is now producing 2.06 lakh PPE kits every day. This is the maximum capacity of the
country. On an average, India produces 1 lakh kits. A PPE kit consists of shoe cover,
gloves, eye shield, mask and gown. The data was provided by the Ministry of Health.
May 23, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
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246. Monetary Policy Committee meets: Repo rate reduces to 4%
On May 22, 2020, the policy committee met in an emergency meeting to review the
current economic outlook and impacts of COVID-19.
1. Highlights
The RBI has reduced the repo rate from 4.4% to 4%. It has reduced the reverse repo rate
to 3.35%. The RBI also announced that the reduction in policy rate is to be provided as
long as the economic growth in the country is to be mitigated.
2. Current Economic Scenario

The global trade is declining and the world is heading towards recession. The Indian
Economic growth is also slowing down to a great extent in spite of GoI trying to infuse
liquidity in to the market. The top six industrialized states that account to 60% of
industrial production in the country now falls in red zone. This will affect India’s growth
further as economic activities in red zones are not being operationalized to its fullest.
3. Challenges
The rural and urban demand has been falling down. The manufacturing activity in the
country has fallen down by 21% post COVID-19. Also, the output from core industries has
fell by 6.5%.
4. Measures of RBI
RBI has announced 4 major economic measures to boost the economy. This includes
measures to improve functioning of markets, measures to ease financial stress,
measures to support exports and imports and measures to ease financial constraints
faced by the state governments.
247. What is Treaty on Open Skies recently in news?
The US President Donald Trump recently announced that USA is to withdraw from Open
Skies treaty.
1. About the Treaty

The Treaty on Open Skies was signed in 2002. The treaty established an aerial
surveillance system for its participants. There are 34 members that signed the treaty.
Both US and Russia are signatories of the treaty.
2. Key Features of the treaty

The treaty establishes an region of unarmed aerial observation. The observation is
allowed over the territories of the signatories. It enhances mutual understanding and
gives confidence to all participants.

The US President has announced withdrawal from the treaty accusing that Russia has
not stuck to its part of the deal. This is the third international arms pact the US has
pulled out from since Donald Trump became the president.
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4. Signatory countries
The signatory countries of the treaty include UK, Canada, France, Germany, Spain, Italy,
Finland, Portugal, Sweden, Turkey, Belgium, Belarus, Croatia, Bulgaria, Bosnia,
Herzegovina, Czech republic, Estonia, Denmark, Georgia, Finland, Russia, Iceland,
Hungary, Slovakia, Russia, Ukraine and Slovenia.
5. India
India has similar treaty with Japan. India and Japan signed open sky agreement in 2017.
India signed the agreement in accordance with National Civil Aviation Policy, 2016.
248. Advisory on use of Hydroxychloroquine revised
On May 23, 2020, the Indian Council of Medical Research has revised its advisory on the
use of HCQ (Hydroxychloroquine). Under the new advisory guidelines, the HCQ should be
given only on the prescription of a registered medical practitioner.
1. Highlights
The advisory was issued after the Joint Monitoring Group held its meeting. The meeting
was attended by ICMR, NCDC (National Centre for Disease Control), WHO (World Health
Organization) and National Disaster Management Authority.
2. New Advisory
The new advisories included the following
3. Why were the advisories revised?

The data on assessment of using HCQ as prophylactic treatment says the following
249. United Nations: India’s KHUDOL declared one of Top 10 Global

Initiatives to fight COVID-19
On May 22, 2020, the United Nations listed the KHUDOL initiative of Manipur as one of
the top 10 global initiatives to fight against COVID-19.
1. Highlights
KHUDOL is an initiative of a NGO called Ya_All. Under the initiative, the NGO provides
food, hygiene and health of LGBTQ community, daily wage workers, people with AIDS.
2. Transgender measures of Manipur

Manipur has been creating inclusive safe space for the transgender community. The
state has been taking extra care towards the transgenders as compared to other states.
Separate rooms and toilets were established for the transgender community.
3. North East Region

When compared to other states, the north east region had been showing vast
improvements in reducing the spread of COVID-19. This included Meghalaya, Mizoram,
Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim and Nagaland. Also, the GoI had successfully implemented
the North East Model to contain the disease in the region.
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250. Status Paper on Government Debt released
On May 22, 2020, the Ministry of Finance released Status Paper on Government Debt
2018-19. According to the report, the overall debt of centres and states declined by
68.7% in March 2018 to 68.6% in 2019.
1. Highlights
The Status Paper on Government Debt is being produced by the Ministry of Finance
since 2010. Current debt of India stands at Rs 1.3 crore crore.
2. Key Findings of paper

The debt of central government dropped marginally from 45.8% in 2017-18 to 45.7% in
2019, The external debt was 2.7% of GDP. The Average Interest Cost of the centre
remained unchanged in the year 2018 to 2019. Around 94% of centre’s liabilities were of
domestic debts.
3. Government Debt
The Government Debts are classified as internal debt and external debt. The Internal
Debts include non-marketable and marketable debt. External debt refers to debt
borrowed from all the sources outside the country.
251. GoI launches 5 initiatives towards Conservation of Biodiversity
On May 22, 2020, to celebrate the International Day for Biological Diversity, 2020, the
Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change launched five initiatives on
conservation of biodiversity.
1. Highlights
The five initiatives include the following
2. International Day of Biological Diversity

Every year, the International Day of Biological Diversity is celebrated by the United
Nations. The day is celebrated under the theme “Our Solutions are in Nature”.
3. Super Year for Biodiversity

The United Nations framed 20 global actions to be implemented between 2010 and
2020. This is called Strategic Plan for Biodiversity. The year 2020 is called Super Year for
Biodiversity.
252. ICMR to replace HCQ with anti-HIV drug; Kangra Tea Suggested
The Indian Council of Medical Research recently revised its advisories on

Hydroxychloroquine. The Council is considering to replace the drug with anti-HIV drugs.
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1. Highlights
The HCQ drug was recommended for asymptomatic health care workers. However, the
ineffectiveness and side effects of the drug is making the council look into alternatives.
The assessment of using HCQ by the Task Force says that front line workers working
against COVID-19 are facing side effects such as nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting. This
has made the council look for alternates to the drug.
2. Kangra Tea
Kangra Tea is a tea variety from Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh. The tea received
GI tag in 2005.
May 25, 2020
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253. World Steel report: India’s steel output declined by 65%
On May 24, 2020, the World Steel Association released the World Steel Report.
According to the report, the crude steel report of India declined by 65%. During April
2020, the steel output of India was 3.13 million tonnes.
1. Highlights
In April 2019, according to the report, India produced 9.02 million tonnes. In March 2020,
India faced a decline of 14% steel output as compared to March 2019.

China has reported 1.7% fall in steel production. This is the first time China is facing an
output decline. US faced a decline of 32%. South Korea’s steel production declined by
8.4%.
3. National Steel Policy

India is currently operating under its National Steel Policy 2017. Under the policy, India is
to increase its steel production to 300 million tonnes by 2030. It alsi aims to make India
self-sufficient in steel. It also aims to build a globally competitive steel industrial output
in the country.
254. Enrolments in ESIC Social Security Scheme increases to 821,000
On May 23, 2020, the payroll data of the Employees State Insurance Corporation (ESIC)
was released. The data says that around 821,000 new members have joined ESIC social
security scheme.
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1. Highlights
The data was released by National Statistical Office (NSO). According to the data the
subscribers to the scheme in 2018-19 were 14.9 million and it increased to 38.3 million
in March 2020.
2. ESIC
The Employment State Insurance Scheme was launched in 1952 under the Employees
State Insurance Act, 1948. The act was the first legislative social security step for
workers in India.
3. Recent Developments in the Scheme

In June 2020, the Government of India reduced the rate of contribution under the
scheme. The employer contribution was reduced from 4.75% to 3.25% and Employee
contribution was reduced from 1.75% to 0.75%. Also, the employees that are earning Rs
137 or less per day are exempted from payment of their contribution.
255. Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna (ANTIA) finds high energy

particles from ice
The NASA researchers have found high energy particles erupting from ice in the
Antarctic region. The researchers believe that these particles are proof to parallel
universe.
1. ANTIA
The ANTIA is high-energy cosmic neutrino that detect radio pulses that are being
emitted by Antarctic ice sheet. The neutrinos in the ice produce radio pulses due to
Askaryan effect.
2. Askaryan Effect
It is the phenomenon where a particle travelling at a velocity faster than light in a dense
electric medium, produces shower of secondary charged particles. The dense electric
medium can be ice, salt of lunar regolith.
3. ANTIA’s detections
The ANTIA has so far made four major cosmic ray detections. The cosmic rays that are
coming from the sky are reflected off the ice. However, two of these detections have
proofs that they are generated from the ice below.
256. Mizoram provides industrial status to Sports
The Mizoram State Government has recently provided industrial status to Sports. This
has been done by the government to attract investment in the Sports industry.
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1. Highlights
The Mizoram Government is framing new industrial policy under which the sports have
been included as sports category. The State of Mizoram is known for its great interests
towards sports. Of all the footballers in the north east states, Mizoram has pool of
football players that play in leading clubs of India. The state has also done extremely
well in hockey and weightlifting as well.
2. Indian Super League

Indian Super League is considered as one of the top football leagues in India. At least
150 players in the league are from Mizoram. The league was launched in 2013 with the
aim of growing the sport of football in India.
257. Emission Norms of L7 category of BS VI notified
On May 24, 2020, the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways notified emission norms
for L7 category for BS VI. With the notification, the BS VI process L, M and N category
vehicles in the country gets completed.
1. Highlights
The emission norms will encourage the production of quadricycles. The quadricycle
segment in India was introduced in less than 2 years. Thus, the full-fledged production
has not completely begun.
2. What is a Quadricycle?
Quadricycle is a vehicle that is of the size of a three wheeler but runs with four wheels.
The Quadricycle was inserted as “Non-Transport” under Motor Vehicles Act, 1988.
3. L7 category
The vehicles with four wheels with mass more than 400 kg are placed under L7
category.
258. WHO adopts “Human Challenge Trial” to develop new vaccine
The World Health Organization (WHO) recently announced eight candidates to enter
human trials. Several people step forward to participate in human challenge trial as the
race to develop new vaccine for the virus is increasing.
1. What is Human Challenge Trial?

The trial involves infecting volunteers intentionally with COVID-19 virus. This is done to
speed up the process of vaccine development.
2. Vaccine Development
The Vaccine development takes several years to develop through three phases of clinical
trials. This includes
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3. Benefits
The main benefit of the human challenge trial is that it accelerates testing. Many
efficacious vaccines shall be available more quickly. Also, the number of people required
in phase 3 of these trials is less than the regular trials.
May 27, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
259. Supreme Court’s suo motu cognisance of Migrant Workers’ plight
On May 26, 2020, a three-judge bench of the Supreme Court took suo motu cognisance
of migrant workers issue and noted that there have been “inadequacies and certain
lapses” on the part of the Central and State governments in dealing with the migrant
workers crisis during the lockdown.
1. What is suo moto cognisance?

Suo motu is a latin phrase which means “on its own”. This means that the court has
taken the matter into cognisance on its own and without any plaintiff. A plaintiff is a
person or entity which files a case or petition in the court. Normal court cases need a
plaintiff and a defendant, while in suo moto, there is no plaintiff.
2. Supreme Court Directions

The three judge bench of the Supreme Court headed by Justice Ashok Bhushan has
ordered the centre and states to immediately provide transport, food and shelter free of
cost to the stranded migrant workers. The court has also asked Solicitor-General Tushar
Mehta to inform the court by May 28, 2020 about the measures taken by the Centre to
alleviate the migrants’ sufferings.
3. What is next?
The court has issued formal notice to the centre, states and Union Territories to file their
responses by May 28.
260. Char Dham Highway Development Project: Chamba Tunnel

inaugurated
On May 26, 2020, Union Minister for Road Transport & Highways and MSMEs Shri. Nitin
Gadkari inaugurated the breakthrough event of Chamba Tunnel under Chardham
Pariyojana through video conference.
1. About Chardham Pariyojana

The foundation stone of Char Dham Mahamarg Vikas Pariyojana (Char Dham Highway
Development Project) was laid by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 27 December, 2016.
Its a two lane National Highway project currently under construction in Uttarakhand with
a total investment of around Rs. 12000 Crore.
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2. Char Dham Route
Originating from Rishikesh, Char Dham highway network will have four distinct routes
connecting the four holy places in Uttarakhand viz. Badrinath, Kedarnath, Gangotri and
Yamunotri. The project includes two tunnels, 116 big and small flyovers, several culverts
and bypass roads.
3. Location of Chamba Tunnel

Chamba Tunnel has been dug by Border Roads Organisation (BRO) on National Highway
94 below the Chamba town / hill station in Tehri Garhwal district of Uttarakhand on
Rishikesh-Dharasu route. The runnel will also avoid congestion in Chamba town and
open avenues of socio-economic developments in the region.
261. J.K. Rowling announces “The Ickabog”
On May 26, 2020, British author J.K. Rowling released first two chapters of her new
Children’s book “The lckabog”. The story is to be published in installments on The
Ickabog website for free before its official publication in November 2020. The Ickabog is
her first children’s book since Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows was published in
2007.
About J. K. Rowling
J. K. Rowling (original name Joanne Rowling) is a British author, film & TV producer,
screenwriter and philanthropist, best known for writing the Harry Potter fantasy series.
He first book in Harry Potter series is Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone published
in 1997. The Harry Potter book series is bestselling book series in the history and have
served has basis of Harry Potter film series. She published her first book for adults, The
Casual Vacancy, in 2012. In 2013 she also released a crime novel under the pen name
“Robert Galbraith”.
262. Current Affairs FAQs: Saharan Cheetah
For the first time in a decade, the naturalists have filmed a Saharan Cheetah in a Hoggar
Mountains national park in Algeria.
1. What is Saharan Cheetah?

Saharan cheetah (Zoological name: Acinonyx jubatus hecki) or Northwest African
cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus hecki) is a subspecies of Cheetah endemic to Sahara and the
Sahel regions of Africa. It is a critically endangered fauna and its total population was
suspected to be less than 250 in 2008.
2. How it is different from other African Cheetahs?

Saharan Cheetah is different from other Cheetah species in Africa because of shorter
coat and nearly white colour. Its face has few or no spots and tear stripes are almost
absent.
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3. In which countries, Saharan Cheetah is found?
The Saharan cheetah used to be found in fragmented populations in western and central
Sahara and Sahel regions of Africa. The main countries where it is found include Algeria,
Chad, Mali, Benin, Burkina Faso and Niger. However, it is now extinct from most of the
countries in wild.
4. What are key climatic adaptations in Saharan Cheetah?

This subspecies is found in hot and dry regions and has some behavioural and
physiological adaptation to suit to the harsh environment. For example, they are
predominantly nocturnal and can subsist without direct access to water for several days
(by obtaining water from blood of their prey).
5. What is current population of Saharan Cheetah?

It is thought that currently, only 37 individuals may be alive in world in wild.
May 28, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
263. India attends New Development Bank Governors meet
On May 27, 2020, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitaraman attended the Special Board of
Governors meet of New Development bank through video conference.
1. Highlights
The leaders that attended the meet elected the president, vice president of new
development bank. The bank has so far approved 16.6 billion USD to over 55 projects in
its member countries.
2. New Development Bank

New Development Bank was founded in 2014. The headquarters of the bank is located in
Shanghai, China. It aims to foster development of its member countries, support
economic growth, promote competitiveness and build knowledge sharing platform. The
bank was formed by the BRICS nations.
3. 5th Annual Meet and COVID-19

The 5th annual meet of board of governors of the New Development Bank was held in
April 2020. During the meet, the bank allocated 5 billion USD to BRICS countries and 1
billion USD of emergency funds to India.
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264. World Gold Council Report: 37% of Indian Women never bought
gold
On May 27, 2020, the World Gold Council released its report on Retail Gold Insights:
India Jewellery Report. According to the report, around 37% of Indian women never
bought jewellery.
1. Highlights
The report says that gold jewellery was the second most popular item among “Fashion
and Lifestyle” shoppers next to clothes and silk sarees. Around 60% of Indian women
already owned jewellery.
2. Challenges
According to the World Gold Council, the current young Indian women show least
interest towards gold ornaments. Only 33% of women in the age group 18-24 bought
gold jewellery. Their future purchase intent is low.
265. Russia constructs its first Stealth Bomber
Under its Perspective Aviation Complex for Long Range Aviation (PAKDA) programme,
Russia has constructed its first Stealth Bomber.
1. Highlights
Russia is currently modernizing its military at a very fast pace. The Stealth Bomber is
one such advancement. The bomber is the second-generation combat aircraft after
Sukhoi Su-57 supersonic fighter jet
2. PAKDA
The Stealth Bomber has been developed under PAKDA programme. The PAKDA
programme is to use latest technologies to reduce its radar signature. This will make
Russian weapons and bombers invisible to enemies. The first test flight of PAKDA
bomber is to be conducted in 2021-22.
3. India-Russia
India and Russia signed 14 Memorandums of Understanding in February 2020. This was
held during Defexpo 2020. This included production of S400 missiles and production of
Kamov helicopters and Kalashnikov rifles.
266. Sports Authority of India deposits Rs 30,000 in Khelo India Athletes

accounts
The Sports Authority of India recently transferred Rs 30,000 to the accounts of Khelo
India athletes. The authority has spent Rs 8.25 crores in all to achieve this.
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1. Highlights
The Sports Authority of India recently deposited Rs 30,000 to more than 2749 Khelo
India athletes accounts. The sports allowance has been provided for the athletes to
travel to their home town, to keep up their diet at home and to suffice other
miscellaneous expenses.
2. Khelo India
The Khelo India was launched to boost sports culture in India. The scheme is being
implemented by Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports. The scheme also aims to make
India a great sporting nation.
267. May 28: World Hunger Day
Every year, May 28 is marked as World Hunger Day. The World Hunger Day is an
initiative of the Hunger Project.
1. Significance
The United Nations aims to increase agricultural productivity. This is to feed 820 million
people that are with inadequate food security. The UN predicts that 2 billion are to come
under poverty and face hunger by 2050.
2. India
India in 2019-20 produced 281.95 million tonnes of food grains. Still 69% of deaths of
children under 5 in India is due to malnutrition. The data was provided by the State of
World Children Report.
3. Current Scenario of India

 World Bank says that Human Capital Index of India is 0.44. This means that an Indian child
grows only to 44% of her potential.
 Around 55% of Indian Children (of age 6 months to 23 months) had zero consumption of
vegetables. This is mainly due to lack of breast feeding and diet diversity.
268. India and ADB sign 177 million USD to upgrade Maharashtra State
Highways
On May 28, 2020, the Government of India and the Asian Development Bank signed an
agreement to construct state highways in Maharashtra.
1. Highlights
The funds received from the bank are to be used by the State Government of
Maharashtra to improve road projects. The projects will be used to increase connectivity
between urban and rural areas. This will help in increasing access to markets and
employment opportunities.
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2. Roads and Climate Change
The supporting structures of transport are the biggest climate change challenges in the
world. The roads take the heat continuously during summer and damaged exclusively by
flash floods in rainy season. Therefore, it is important to focus on climate resilient roads.
269. NPCI launched Pai: An Artificial Intelligence Virtual Assistant
On May 27, 2020, the National Payment Corporation of India launched Artificial
Intelligence based chatbot called Pai. The Chatbot aims to increase financial inclusion in
India.
1. Highlights
The PAI can be accessed 24/7. It provides information about NPCI products. The queries
can be sent by the users through text or voice. In order to send queries, the users shall
use websites of RuPay, NPCI and UPI. Currently, PAI is available in English and Hindi
languages. It is to be launched soon in other languages as well.
2. National Payment Corporation of India

The NPCI was founded in 2008 and was established by Reserve Bank of India. AEPS is
one of the biggest success of NPCI. AEPS is Aadhaar Enabled Payment System. In July
2019, the number of AEPS transactions crossed 200 million.
3. Services
The Services provided by NPCI are as follows
270. World Vape Day to be observed on May 30
The World Vape Day is to be observed on May 30 all over the world. It aims to increase
awareness on e-cigarettes and help smokers that are unable to quit smoking.
1. Significance
Vaping reduces smoking related sickness. The number of vapers in the world has
increased from 7 million in 2011 to 41 million in 2018. The emissions from e-cigarettes
are not different from ordinary air.
2. About E-Cigarette
The Electronic Cigarette is a battery-operated device. It converts liquid nicotine into
mist, vapor.
271. European Union: 750 billion Euros announced as COVID-19 Recovery

Fund
On May 27, 2020 the European Union proposed 750 billion Euros as COVID-19 recovery
fund. The fund is to be used by the countries to recover from deep recession caused by
the COVID-19.
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1. Highlights
The European Union has broken the deficit limit to keep jobs, health care systems and
businesses alive in its member countries. France and Germany had earlier agreed to
provide 543 billion USD fund to add cash to the financial measures of the bloc.
2. India’s stand
India supports the Franco-German model greatly. Around 25 nations including India
discussed ways to contain virus involving key international organization. The alliance
was led by France and Germany and the model is an outcome of the meet of 25 nations
that was held through video conferencing in April 2020.
3. Franco-German Model
The model aims to pull in world organizations in the fight against COVID-19. The model
also aims to strengthen the UN and especially under financed World Health Organization
(WHO) to develop and distribute tests and vaccines
272. 9 Crore 60 lakh Farmers Benefitted under Pradhan Mantri Garib

Kalyan Yojana
On May 27, 2020, the Government of India announced that around 9 crore 60 lakh
farmers were benefitted under Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana. This was mainly
done through the PM-KISAN Scheme
1. Highlights
During lock down, around 9.67 crore farmers were benefitted through Pradhan Mantri
Kisan Samman Nidhi. This was done through the funds allocated under Pradhan Mantri
Garib Kalyan Yojana. Since the lock down, that is in the months of April and May, 2020
around 19,000 crores of rupees were released. The amounts under the scheme has been
transferred to the accounts of the farmers directly.
2. PM-KISAN Scheme
The PM-KISAN scheme was launched in 2019. The estimated cost of the scheme was
around Rs 75,000 crores. Under the scheme Rs 6000 was deposited to the accounts of
eligible farmers in three installments annually.
273. State Health Register to be launched by Karnataka Government:

First of its Kind
On May 27, 2020, the Karnataka State Government announced that it will launch a
“State Health Register” to collect data of all its citizens. The register is first of its kind in
the country.
1. Highlights
The register will hold names of all the citizens of the state. The need to maintain such a
register has been raised by COVID-19. The project is to be launched from Chikkaballapur
district in Karnataka.
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2. About the register
The register is to be created in the future with 50% partnership from private hospitals.
The State Government is to undertake a survey including every person of the state. The
current population of Karnataka is 6.5 crores.
3. About the survey

The survey to create the register is to be conducted by visiting to each and every
household. The data will help the state government in allocating funds, better
implementation of the schemes, efficient resource management.
274. WHO suspended Hydroxycloroquine trials
The World Health Organization recently suspended its trials on the efficacy of the drug
Hydroxychloroquine in treating COVID-19. The HCQ trial is one of the four mega trials
initiated by the organization.
1. Mega Trials
The four mega trials include HCQ, Lopinavir and Ritonavir, Lopinavir and Ritonavir along
with Interferon and Remdesivir.
2. India’s Current Status

After WHO stopped its trials on HCQ, the ICMR (Indian Council of Medical Research)
announced that the drug will continue to be used as preventive treatment of COVID-19.
Recently, ICMR revised its guidelines in the usage of HCQ.
3. Reasons of Suspension
The clinical trials of HCQ on COVID-19 patients were suspended considering safety of the
patients. WHO raised concerns over the fact that people in different parts of the world
taking the drug without any proper medical guidance. While, the drug was
recommended by the organization as a treatment and not as preventive measure.
275. New Fresh water fish “Punitus Sanctus” found
A new fresh water fish called Punitus Sanctus was found in Velankanni, Tamil Nadu. The
fish was found in a small water body.
1. Highlights
Sanctus means ‘holy’ in Latin. Punitus is a species of fish that are commonly found in the
drains of western and eastern ghats and also in Eastern Himalayas.
2. About the Genus

The Genus Punitus is locally known as Kende in Tamil Nadu and Paral in Kerala. The
Punitus belongs to the family of Cyprindae. Cyprindae is a family of fresh water fish.
They are collectively called Cyprinids. The family includes barbs, goldfish, bitterlings and
carps.
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3. About Punitus sanctus
The fish was silver in colour. It grows to a maximum length of 7 cm. It has an extended
mouth and hence is different from other species of the Punitus. The new fish found has
now been deposited in the Zoological Survey of India.
4. Zoological Survey of India

The survey is conducted by the ministry of environment, forest and climate change. It
was established in 1916. The survey is conducted to deepen the knowledge about the
faunal diversity in the country.
May 29, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
276. May 29: International Day of UN Peacekeepers
Every year, the United Nations celebrates International Day of UN Peacekeepers on May
29. This year the day is being celebrated under the theme
1. Highlights
The International Day of UN Peacekeepers is celebrated to honour more than 3,900
peacekeepers that lost their lives serving under the United Nations. This year their
challenges have increased as they not only protect the people but are also coping with
COVID-19 pandemic.
2. Current Scenario
There are more than 1 million men and women that are serving 72 UN peacekeeping
operations. The UN peacekeeping forces deploy more than 95,000 police, military and
civilian personnel in around 13 operations.

This year the theme marks the 20th anniversary of adoption of UN security council
resolution 1325 on women, peace and security.
4. Why May 29?

The first UN Peace Keeping mission was established on May 29, 1948. The Peace
keeping mission was established to monitor the Armistice Agreement that was signed
between Israel and Arab.
5. Armistice Agreement
Armistice Agreement is an agreement that is signed to stop fighting. Armistice Day is
marked on November 11. This is to mark the signing of treaties between allies of World
war I and German Empire.
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277. 22nd Financial Stability and Development Council meeting chaired
by Finance Minister
On May 28, 2020, the Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitaraman chaired Financial
Stability and Development Council meet.
1. Highlights
The meeting reviewed current domestic and global economic situation, financial
vulnerabilities issues, liquidity of Micro financial institutions, Non-Banking Financial
corporations, regulatory responses, etc. The council noted that COVID-19 posed a great
threat to the global financial system and the timing of recovery is uncertain.
2. About the Council

The financial stability and development council is an apex body constituted by GoI. The
idea was mooted in 2008 by the Raghuram Rajan Committee. The Council was set up in
2010 by the then Finance Minister Pranab Mukerjee.
3. Functions of the council

The Council deals with issues such as financial sector development, financial stability,
inter-regulatory coordination, financial inclusion, financial literacy.
278. Delimitation Commission holds meeting
On May 28, 2020, the Delimitation Commission held a meeting to review the progress of
directions that were provided during its meet in April, 2020.
1. Highlights
The details of State Election Commissioner were received from the states of Manipur,
Andhra Pradesh, Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir and Assam. The Census data has
also been received from the Registrar General.
2. What is Delimitation?
Delimitation is the act of redrawing the boundaries of state assembly and Lok Sabha
seats with respect to the changes in population. The main objective of delimitation is to
provide equal representatives in the legislative assembly and parliament to equal
segments of population.
3. Delimitation Commission
The Delimitation Act is brought about by the Parliament after every census under Article
82. The commission is made of Supreme Court Judge, Chief Election Commissioner and
also state election commissioners of respective states.
4. Why no delimitation in recent past?

The number of Lok Sabha seats allotted to a state is based on the ratio between that
number and population of the state. However, under this provision, the states that took
less interest in population control ended up having greater representations.
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279. United Nations Military Gender Advocate of the year award to
India’s major Suman Gawani
On the eve of International Day of UN Peacekeepers that is being marked on May 29,
Indian major Suman Gawani and Brazilian Naval Officer Carla Monteiro de Castro Araujo
are to be presented with the United Nations Military Gender Advocate of the year 2019
award.
1. Highlights
For the first time, the award is being shared by two of the officers. The Award was
created in 2016. The award recognizes the effort and dedication of military peace
keepers that are involved in promoting peace and security in different parts of the world.
Major Suman Gawani is the first Indian to receive the award.
2. About Major Suman Gawani

Suman joined the Indian Army in 2011. She joined the Army Signal Corps after
graduating from Officers Training Academy. She completed her schooling in Uttarkashi.
She is currently posted in Delhi.
3. UNMISS
UNMISS is the United Nations Mission in South Sudan. It was established in 2011. As of
May 2019, around 15,000 military personnel have been employed in the mission.
280. UP Government implements Herbal Roads Project
The Uttar Pradesh Government is to implement Herbal Roads Project in a stretch of 800
km in the state.
1. Highlights
Under the project, the state government is to plant trees that have medicinal values on
either sides of the roads. The herbal trees to be planted include Neem, Peepal, Sehjan,
etc. The plants will provide raw materials to medicines and will also help in preventing
erosion of land.
2. Significance
The project was launched in 18 districts. Such an initiative has already been
implemented in Delhi-Yamunotri State Highway 57. Around 34 varieties of herbal trees
are to be planted.
3. Benefits
The Brahmi tree gives sharpness in memory, ashwagandha is used in general wellness.
It is to be noted that Ashwagandha was recently included in the study to fight against
COVID-19. It is also being looked as an alternative to Hydroxychloroquine.
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281. Finance Minister launched instant Aadhaar based E-KYC
On May 27, 2020, the Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitaraman launched instant
Aadhaar based E-KYC.
1. Highlights
The facility will be available for PAN applicants that possess valid Aadhaar number. They
should also have a mobile number registered with Aadhaar. The process of allotting PAN
is paperless and is also free of cost.
2. Union Budget
The instant Aadhaar based E-KYC was introduced by the Finance Minister in the Union
Budget 2020-21. She announced that a system will be brought in that will instantly
provide PAN without the requirement of filling up of application form.
3. About PAN
PAN is Permanent Account Number. It is a 10-digit alpha numeric number that is issued
by Income Tax Department. It enables income tax department to link the transaction of
the person with the department. The transactions include TDS, TCS, tax payments,
income returns, correspondence, specified transactions, etc.
282. CIPET renamed as Central Institute of Petrochemicals Engineering

and Technology
The Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology has now been renamed as
Central Institute of Petrochemicals, Engineering and Technology. The name change was
registered under Tamil Nadu Societies Registration Act, 1975.
1. Highlights
The main objective of CIPET is to contribute towards growth of plastics. It also focuses on
education and research programme. The institute will focus on innovative plastic-based
solutions.
2. UNDP
The CIPET also receives United Nations Development Programme. Apart from UNDP, the
support to CIPET is also received from OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Corporation),
World Bank and UNIDO (United Nations Industrial Development Organization).
3. UNIDO
United Nations Industrial Development Organization was established in 1966. It is one of
the 15 specialized agencies of the United Nations. The UNIDO aims to fulfil the
Sustainable Development Goals.
4. Petrochemicals in India
The Petrochemical industry is growing fast in India. There are four main categories in the
petrochemical industry. This includes polymers, elastomers, synthetic fibres and
surfactant intermediate. Mumbai is the hub of petrochemical industry.
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283. GoI lifts ban on Paracetamol API exports
On May 28, 2020, the Government of India lifted the ban on export of paracetamol
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients.
1. Highlights
The removal of ban will now allow the export of pharmaceutical ingredients used for
COVID-19 treatment. In order to achieve this, the GoI has amended Section 3 of Foreign
Trade (Development and Regulation) act, 1992.
2. The Impose of Ban

The Government of India had earlier imposed export ban on over 26 pharma ingredients.
This included paracetamol and hydroxychloroquine. This was done to avoid shortages
inside the country during the outbreak of COVID-19. On April 6, 2020, the export ban on
24 APIs were lifted leaving out Paracetamol.
3. Supply of APIs to Europe

India is to supply 1000 tonnes of API (Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients) to Europe.
Europe is the largest buyer of Paracetamol from India. Europe alone imports more than
12,000 tonnes of paracetamol annually.
4. Paracetamol
Paracetamol is a pain reliever. It was first made in 1877. It is placed in the Essential
Medicine List of World Health Organization.
284. US joins G7 partnership on Artificial Intelligence
The Leaders of Group of the seven wealthiest countries in the world had set up Global
Partnership on Artificial Intelligence.
1. Highlights
The United States was not a part of the partnership initially. However, US is now joining
the group to counter Chinese dominance in shaping international standards on
surveillance and facial recognition at the United Nations.
2. US on the partnership
The US initially objected G7 partnership on AI claiming that focusing too much on
regulation of AI would hamper innovation. It is important for the US to join the
partnership as there are several tech giants such as Google, Microsoft and Apple that
contribute significant amount to the GDP of US. Also, the international standards set will
affect these companies greatly. Therefore, it is important for the US to join the
partnership.
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3. G7
The Group of 7 or G7 is an intergovernmental economic organization that consists of
world’s largest economies such as France, Canada, Italy, Germany, Japan, UK and US.
The group has more than 46% of global GDP.
285. Rozgar Setu Scheme launched by Madhya Pradesh for skilled

workers
On May 28, 2020, the Madhya Pradesh Government launched Rojgar Setu Yojana to help
migrant workers. The scheme provides employment to the migrant workers.
1. Key Features of the Scheme

The Rozgar Setu scheme will provide employment to migrant workers that have returned
to their homes. The scheme is to conduct a complete survey on population of the state.
2. Svamitva Scheme
The Svamitva Scheme was launched to map rural lands that are inhabited. The mapping
is to be done using drones. Svamitva is Survey of Villages and Mapping with Improvised
Technology in Village Areas.
286. “AGNEEPRASTHA”, the Missile Park: Foundation Stone laid
On May 29, 2020, foundation stone for a missile park called “Agneeprastha” was laid at
INS Kalinga.
1. Highlights
The Missile Park aims to provide information about the history of INS Kalinga. The main
attraction of the park is the P-70 Ametist. It is an anti-ship missile that is launched under
water. The Missile Park will also be a motivational arena for minds that are interested in
missiles and missile technologies.
2. Solar Power Plant

The Park is to operate on solar power. A 2 MW Solar Photo voltaic plant was
commissioned at INS Kalinga as well.
3. INS Kalinga
The INS Kalinga is an Indian Navy establishment that reports to the Eastern Naval
Command. It is located in Vishakhapatnam.
May 30, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
167
287. Army Commanders’ Conference held in New Delhi
On May 29, 2020, Army Commanders Conference was held in New Delhi. The event was
held in two phases.
1. Highlights
The Conference was chaired by the Defence Minister Rajnath Singh. The existing and
developing security challenges were discussed in the conference. The conference also
discussed human resource management issues and merger of training establishments.
2. Recent Developments
It is to be noted that the Defence sector has undergone several administrative changes
in the recent times. Around 9,304 military Engineering Services were abolished based on
the recommendation of Shekatar Committee.
3. Second Phase
The second phase of the conference is to be held between 24-27 June, 2020.
4. Structure of Indian Army

Indian Army got its current structure after independence. It is the fourth largest army in
the world. The Army is divided into 7 commands. It includes Eastern Command, Northern
Command, Central Command, Southern Command, Western Command, South-Western
Command and Training Command.
288. 23 additional Minor Forest Produce included in Minimum Support

Price List
On May 29, 2020, the Ministry of Tribal Affairs announced that 23 additional Minor Forest
Produce of Minimum Support Price has been included.
1. Highlights
Also, the minimum support price for the existing forest produce was reduced for 50
items. The increase in Minor Forest Produce is from 16% to 66%. In certain cases such as
Giloe, the increase is in the range of 190%.
2. Minor Forest Produce

The Indian Forest Act, 1927 defines forest produce. However, the Minor Forest Produce
got its definition only in 2007. Minor Forest Produce includes brushwood, bamboo, canes,
honey, cocoon, tusser, roots, tuber, etc.
289. Free Online Career Skills Training under National Career Service
Project
The Ministry of Labour and Employment is to provide Career Skills Training under its
National Career Service Project in partnership with TCS.
168
1. Highlights
The National Career Service Project will provide employment related services to career
counselling, job matching, vocational guidance, job search, information on skill
development courses, etc. Around 1000 employment exchanges are integrated with
NCS. This includes 200 model career centres as well.
2. National Career Service

The National Career Service mainly works to bridge gaps between the people searching
for jobs and those that hire them. It mainly aims to reach out to the youth that are in
search of employment.
290. COVID-19 culture for vaccine development and drug testing
The Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology cultured COVID-19 from the patients
infected with the virus.
1. Highlights
The virologists at CCMB will isolate infectious virus from the patients. The isolated virus
will be used for vaccine development and drug testing.
2. Significance
Virus Culture is important for development of antibodies. The inactivated virus when
injected into human bodies will trigger antibody responses. The antibodies generated are
processed, collected and purified and used for therapeutic intervention.
3. Status of the study

Under the study, the researchers of CCMB are to produce large quantities of COVID-19.
The researchers will also test potential drugs with partners such as DRDO (Defence
Research Development Organization).
4. Challenges
COVID-19 enters human cell through ACE-2 receptor. The respiratory disease in the case
of COVID-19 is caused in respiratory tract and mainly is because of the infection caused
in epithelial cells. However, epithelial cells cannot be grown in the lab.
291. May 31: World No Tobacco Day
Every year, on May 31, World No Tobacco Day is being marked by the World Health
Organization
1. Highlights
The day creates awareness about the dangers of using tobacco. The World No Tobacco
Day initiative was adopted in 1987 by the WHO. The day also draws attention to more
than 8 million deaths that occurs due to Tobacco. This year the day is celebrated under
following theme
169
2. Significance
The World Health Organization reports that around 17% of young people in the age of 15
and 24 are smoking. A person who starts smoking before the age of 20 is more likely to
develop an addiction. Also, World No Tobacco Awards are distributed on this day.
292. GoI approves Rs 445 crores for Chhattisgarh under Jal Jeevan
Mission
On May 29, 2020, the Union Government approved Rs 445 crores under Jal Jeevan
Mission for Chhattisgarh for the year 2020-21.
1. Highlights
The Funds will be used to help Chhattisgarh achieve its mission of providing tap water
connection to all the households in the state by 2023-24. There are 45 households in the
state. OF these, 20 lakh households have been provided with tap water connection
under the mission.
2. Challenges of Chhattisgarh
Chhattisgarh has been battling with ground water depletion and contamination due to
chemicals such as fluoride, arsenic, iron, etc. The state government is to use the migrant
work force that have returned home to implement the scheme. This is to be done under
MGNREGA.
3. Jal Jeevan Mission

The Mission aims to provide good quality drinking water to all the households in the
country by 2024. In order to achieve this, the Government of India has allocated Rs 3.6
lakh crores.
293. Why are the recent Locusts Attacks the worst in history?
The Locusts swarming in the Northern parts of India have so far reached Rajasthan,
Punjab, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh.
1. Highlights
According to the Food and Agriculture Organization, much of the movement of these
locusts is mainly due to Westerlies. The Locust Warning Organization that monitors
locusts swarms announced that there are no immediate danger to Delhi due to these
swarms.
2. History
There were eight locust attacks between 1812 and 1889 in India. Also, between 1926
and 1931 India faced Rs 2 crores (100 million USD today) of crop damages.
170
3. Desert Locust
Desert Locusts are from the family of grasshoppers. They normally live and breed in
desert regions. However, they feed on green vegetation. A single swarm of locusts
consist of 40 to 80 million adults. They are capable of travelling upto 150 km in a day.
4. How badly is India affected?

The Locusts are said to have come from Ethiopia and Somalia after crossing Saudi
Arabia, Iran and Pakistan. As India has just finished harvesting its Rabi crops, the
damages were not major.
5. Control of Locusts
The Locusts are controlled with spray of pesticides such as organo-phosphate. This year
chemicals such as deltamethrin, lambdacyhalothrin, chlorpyriphos, fipronil, malathion
have been recommended.
294. Goa celebrates Statehood Day
On May 30, 2020, Goa celebrated its Statehood Day. Goa was the 25th state to join the
union of India.
1. History
As India gained independence on August 15, 1947, India requested the Portugese to
cede their territories. However, Portuguese refused. In 1961, Indian Government
launched Operation Vijay and annexed Daman and Diu, islands and Goa with the Indian
mainland.
2. Controversy
As Goa was formed controversies emerged that Goa should be merged with Maharashtra
or Mysore. However, in 1967 a opinion poll was conducted and was concluded that Goa
will remain as state and Daman and Diu shall remain as union territory.
3. Role of Goa in history

Goa attracted monks and missionaries that left great impression in the culture of Goa.
Apart from this, Goa was a part of Vijayanagar Empire in 1370 and later was a part of
Bijapur Sultanate as well.
4. Portuguese in Goa
The Portuguese conquered Goa in 1510 under the leadership of Afonso de Albuquerque.
As they conquered Goa, they took control of the spice trade.
295. K-FON Project of Kerala to be implemented by December
On May 30, 2020, the Kerala Government announced that the ambitious project of the
state called the K-FON (Kerala Fibre Optic Network) project is to be implemented by
December 2020.
171
1. Key Features of the Project
Under the K-FON project the Kerala Government aims to link all the houses and offices in
the state with optical fibre network. In order to achieve this, the State Government has
allocated Rs 1548 crores. The project is to be implemented by the State IT Infrastructure
Limited and State Electricity Board, both owned by the State Government.
2. Benefits
Around 30,000 government offices are to benefit from the project. It also includes
educational institutions. Alongside, the project is to give a push to E-Health programmes
of the state. The project will also benefit airports, seaports, IT parks, e-commerce
platforms. The project is to link mobile towers for better internet services.
296. Tax Heads of BRICS met through Video Conference
On May 29, 2020, the Heads of Tax authorities of BRICS met through video conference.
The Conference was hosted by Russia.
1. Highlights
The meeting was attended by the Heads of Tax Authorities of Russia, Brazil, India, China
and South Africa. The meeting was hosted by the current Presidency, Russia. India was
represented by the Finance Secretary Dr Ajay Bhushan Pandey.
2. India at the meet

India shared several measures that are being taken to mitigate the effect of COVID-19.
India also announced that it is extending its complete support in addressing tax
challenges at the OECD and G-20.
3. BRICS
BRICS members are known for their influence in regional affairs. They are all members of
G20 as well. The BRICS countries represent over 41% of world population. As of 2018,
the countries contributed to 23.2% of world GDP. Therefore, every decision taken in the
BRICS meet influences the a quarter of global trade.
297. 29 May: International Everest Day observed
The International Everest Day is observed every year on 29 May. The day is celebrated
with processions, memorial events, and special events in Kathmandu, Nepal and the
Everest region.
1. Background
The day is observed every year in memory of the first summit of Mt. Everest on 29 May
1953 undertaken by Sir Edmund Hillary from New Zealand and Tenzing Norgay Sherpa
from Nepal who became first humans to achieve the feat. In 2008, the Nepal
government decided to observe day as International Everest Day when legendary
climber Hillary passed away.
172
2. About Mount Everest
 It is the world’s highest mountain above sea level with Elevation of 8,848 m.
 It is known as Sagarmatha in Nepali and as Chomolungma in Tibetan.
 The mountain was named as ‘Everest’ as a tribute to Sir George Everest, the Surveyor
General of India from 1830 to 1843.
May 31, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
298. “Indian National Super Model” launched by DST
On May 31, 2020, the Department of Science and Technology operating under Ministry
of Science and Technology launched the Indian National Super Model.
1. Highlights
The Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) and IISc (Indian
Institute of Science) are to play crucial role in the programme.
2. About the Model

The Model will integrate mathematical and statistical forecasts. This will help in
predicting the possible impacts of the spread of the disease. A consultative committee is
to work closely with the experts involved in the model. The committee will provide
guidance, aggregation and final delivery of the super model.
299. Birth of New Planets witnessed first time in human history
The SPHERE instrument of the Very Large Telescope has captured the birth of new
planet in the AB Aurigae star system recently. This is the first time in human history the
birth of a star is being witnessed.
1. Highlights
The birth of the new star was depicted by the European Southern Observatory. The
image depicts orange mass of gas. The mass showing the cosmic matter of the universe
at gravitational tipping point is exactly the sign for a star system to be born.
2. About Very Large Telescope

Very Large Telescope, also called VLT is located in European Southern Observatory,
northern Chile. It consists of four telescopes. They are generally used separately.
However, when used together gives the highest resolution.
173
300. GoI launches “Responsible AI for Youth” programme and an AI
Portal
On May 30, 2020, the Union Minister Shri Ravi Shankar Prasad launched an initiative
called “Responsible AI for Youth” and an Artificial Intelligence Portal called
www.ai.gov.in.
1. Highlights
The programme and the portal were launched to commemorate the first anniversary of
second tenure of Narendra Modi Government.
2. Responsible AI for Youth

The Responsible AI for Youth was launched targeting the youth in the country. The
programme aims to provide a platform to empower their new age technology skills
especially AI based skills. The programme has been launched in collaboration with Intel
India.
3. Portal
The minister along with the programme launched the portal called www.ai.gov.in. The
portal was developed by the E-Governance division operating under Ministry of
Electronics and IT.
4. India’s path in AI
The main challenge of AI is that it minimizes work force (labours) employed. Especially
for a highly populous country like India, AI if not developed in the right direction might
create huge unemployment crisis. Therefore, India has chosen its path of AI cautiously.
India is developing AI by empowering its citizens rather than making humans less
relevant.
301. Existence of Earth like planet orbiting Proxima Centauri confirmed
On May 30, 2020, the international team of scientists confirmed the existence of the
planet that is of the size of the earth. The planet is revolving Proxima Centauri star in the
Alpha Centauri star system.
1. Highlights
The planet has the mass of 1.17 times as that of the earth. The mass of the planet was
measured using radial velocity measurements with the help of a spectrograph. The
name of the spectrograph used to detect the planet mass is ESPRESSO.
2. Proxima Centauri
Proxima Centauri is located 4.2 light years away from the sun. It is a red dwarf star and
is one-eighth the mass of the sun. The Proxima b was discovered in 2016 simply as a
planet that is revolving Proxima Centauri. The recent discovery says that the planet is
similar to that of the earth.
174

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Current Affairs [PDF] - January 1-31, 2020

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January 30, 2020

January 31, 2020

1. Report of Task Force on National Infrastructure Pipeline released

1. Highlights of the report

3. Highlights: Transport sector

6. Highlights: Urban sector

7. Highlights: Rural Sector

2. Rabi Crop Sowing increase by 36 lakh hectares

3. Results of Swachh Survekshan League, 2020 released

4. Kerala: the first state to pass anti-CAA resolution

2. The act and the issue

3. Concerns of North East

1. Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Yojana

6. RPF renamed as Indian Railways Protection Force Service; Railway

1. Railway Protection Force

3. Government Railway Police (GRP)

7. List of Nuclear Installations exchanged between India and Pakistan

2. Agreement on Prohibition of attack against Nuclear Installations

8. India will overtake Germany; Become 4th largest economy in the

9. 10,000 cameras to be used in Gujarat Lion Census, 2020

10. UNICEF Report: More than 1,70,000 violations against Children

11. PM Modi: 5 DRDO laboratories dedicated to nation

12. Election Commission launches PPRTMS-an online system

13. RBI launches MANI application for visually challenged

2. Mahatma Series Notes

4. The Intaglio Print

14. Andhra Pradesh Government plans to deliver sand at door steps

2. Legislation of sand mining

3. MMDR act, 1957

15. Lists of Civilian prisoners and fishermen exchanged between India

1. Guru Gobind Singh

17. Sale of Darjeeling Tea affected by illegal influx of Nepal Tea

18. GoI misses its disinvestment target

2. What is Windfall money?

2. Farmers Science Congress

3. Children Science Congress

21. 2020 Designated as “Year of Nurse and Midwife”

22. India to set strict restrictions on non-essential imports from China

23. Palau first country to ban sunscreen to protect Coral Reefs

2. How are sun creams harmful to corals?

24. World Book Fair, 2020 at New Delhi