2020 May

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Current Affairs [PDF] - May 1-31, 2020
Last Updated: June 01, 2020
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Contents
May 1, 2020
1. India ranks 53rd in Budget Transparency and Accountability
2. G20 Digital Economy Ministers meet held through video conference
3. India placed on the “Priority Watch List” for Intellectual Property Protection by the US
4. India-China Ceremonial Border Meet on “Labour Day” cancelled due to COVID-19
5. Hezbollah classified as Terrorist Organization by Germany
6. GI Tag to Manipur Black Rice, Gorakhpur Terracotta and Kovilpatti Kadalai Mittai
7. ATULYA: Microwave sterilizer to disintegrate COVID-19 developed
8. Actor Rishi Kapoor died of Leukemia
9. YASH launched by Department of Science and Technology
10. AYURAKSHA Programme organized by Delhi Police
11. ECI to conduct biennial election to Maharashtra Legislative Council
12. India’s New representative of UN; India to become member of UNSC
13. USAID to provide 3 million USD for India’s PAHAL project
May 2, 2020
14. Kisan Sabha Application developed by CSIR launched
15. E-Nam: 200 new Mandis integrated
16. Five more states/UTs added under “One Nation One Ration Card”
17. Environment Ministry Clears New Parliament at Rs 922 crores
18. Kashmir Saffron receives GI Tag
19. GoI directs to include Chakma and Hajong in COVID-19 relief programme
20. GoI: Rebate of State and Central Taxes Scheme in the form of Scrips
21. May 2: World Tuna Day
22. May 2: International Astronomy Day
23. NSTMIS report: India placed 3rd in scientific publication
24. ICC Ranking: India declines from top position to third
25. New Code by Indian Scientists to study magnetosphere of the earth
May 3, 2020
26. IDEAthon launched by Jal Shakti ministry
27. Core sector Growth of India hit due to Lock Down
28. Project Monitoring Unit launched by Ministry of Coal
May 4, 2020
29. Third Phase of Lock Down begins
30. Second Installment of Rs 500 deposited under Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana
31. Bharat Market: National E-Commerce Marketplace launched by CAIT
32. USFDA approves emergency use of an investigational vaccine, Remdesivir
33. eCovSens developed by National Institute of Animal Biotechnology
34. What is COVID Toe?
35. India to attend NAM Summit
36. African Swine Flu in Assam
37. Bamboo Conclave held through video Conference
38. Arogya Setu Mitr launched
39. Draft Guidelines issued for Satellite TV channels
40. Saras Collection launched on the Government E-Marketplace portal, GeM
41. UV Blaster: Disinfection Tower developed by DRDO
42. May 4: International Firefighters Day
May 5, 2020
43. GoI completes integrating Cold Chain Projects
44. Smart City Programme: Control rooms in 50 cities for Lock Down 3.0
45. West Bengal Red Flagged by the Inter-Ministerial Team
46. Indian American appointed as US representative to IBRD
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47. “Special Corona Fee” imposed on Liquor by Delhi Government
48. Global Report on Food Crisis, 2020
49. What is Corona Virus Copy Machine?
50. Commonwealth Youth Games postponed to 2023
51. Israel isolates key antibody of COVID-19
52. EPFO Scheme: Rs 764 crore released to the pensioners
53. May 5: World Asthma Day
54. First Arktika-M satellite to be launched by Russia
May 6, 2020
55. Operation “Samudra Setu” launched by Indian Navy
56. Portal GARUD launched by DGCA
57. NITI Aayog launches “Nana Nani Abhiyan”
58. 3 Schemes launched by Jharkhand to increase MNREGA working days
59. “Nigah” Scheme to be launched by Himachal Pradesh Government
60. Russia awards North Korean Leader Kim Jong Un a commemorative war medal
61. CMIE: Unemployment rate climbs to 27.1%
62. “Lost At Home”: A Report released by UNICEF
63. Indian American nominated as OECD Envoy by the US President Trump
64. Corona Virus Global Response International Pledging Conference held
65. Uttar Pradesh Government launches “Ayush Kavach” application
66. CCMB: Only centre pooling COVID-19 samples, To Culture virus in human lung cell
67. New Agro MSME Policy to be implemented
May 7, 2020
68. May 7: “Vesak”, the Day of Full Moon
69. IMD includes PoK and Gilgit-Baltistan
70. For the first time in India: More rural Internet users than Urban
71. BEE initiatives lead to Rs 89,122 crores
72. Vandhe Bharat Mission: The Biggest Evacuation Exercise begins
73. Iran: New Currency introduced to tackle Inflation
74. GoI to launch Farmers’ Movement on Integrated Soil Nutrient Management
75. Iraq new Prime Minister: Mustafa Al Kadhimi
76. GOI launches three AYUSH based Researches
77. Long March 5B: China’s new Rocket launch successful
78. India begins Clinical Trials of AYUSH medicines
79. Vizag Gas Tragedy leaked Styrene Gas
May 8, 2020
80. UNEP: Actress Dia Mirza’s term as Goodwill Ambassador extended
81. ICAR prepared fisheries guidelines become part of FAO
82. Ordinance passed by UP to suspend labour laws
83. India Russia to sign MoU on Coking Coal
84. May 8-9: Time of Remembrance and Reconciliation for Those who Lost their Lives during Second World
War
85. Indian Scientists develop energy efficient photodetector for security applications
86. May 8: World Thalassemia Day
87. What is “The Resistance Front” in news frequently?
88. NSAFE: First antimicrobial and washable Face Mask
89. National Land Management Corporation recommended by National Infrastructure Pipeline Task Force
90. UN launches 6.7 billion USD for vulnerable countries
91. Royal Bengal Tigers in Sundarbans increase to 96
May 9, 2020
92. Massive Exercise to supply pulses and food grains to 80 crore people
93. India Post delivers testing kits from ICMR
94. INR-USD Futures and Options Contracts launched by Finance Minister
95. Defence Ministry signs MoU with TATA Power to modernize 37 airfields
96. May 9: World Migratory Bird Day
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97. CSIR begins clinical trials of two drugs
98. Amendments to Prime Minister Research Fellowship Scheme (PMRF)
99. GoI sets up Centre of Excellence for coir applications
100. AIIB approves 500 million USD for India
101. May 9: Birth Anniversary of Maharana Pratap Singh I
102. IEA Report: Global Energy Review, 2020
103. NMITLI Programme of CSIR to conduct “hmAbs” trial to neutrialize COVID-19
May 10, 2020

104. UN released commemorative stamp on 40th anniversary of Small Pox Eradication
105. Shekatkar Committee: Abolition of 9,304 Military Engineering Services
106. SC places Cooperative banks under SARFAESI Act
107. GoI launches “Mission Sagar”
May 11, 2020

108. May 11: National Technology Day
109. DHRUVs: UV based Sanitizer by DRDO to sanitize phones
110. ICMR to develop COVID-19 Vaccine
111. NGT Order of Vizag Gas Tragedy: What is Strict Liability Vs Absolute Liability?
112. Birth rate, death rate & IMR data released by Registrar General of India
113. COVID KAVACH: India’s first indigenous ELISA Test Kit for COVID-19
114. Central Panel recommends to ban use of TB drugs on crops
115. Maharashtra CM Uddhav Thackeray to enter Legislature: The Constitutional Features
116. GoI launches Suraksha Store Initiative
117. Pranavayu Programme launched in Karanataka
118. May 12: International Nurse Day
119. 117 new Mandis integrated to E-NAM platform
May 12, 2020

120. Atal Pension Yojana completes 5 years
121. Passenger Train services partially restored
122. MSME: Technology Centres help to manufacture micro parts of COVID-19 kits
123. Ash Barges are increasing Concerns of Ecology of Sundarbans
124. Facts Box: “State of the World’s Nursing Report 2020”
125. Impacts of lock down on Family Planning
126. GoI releases Rs 6,195 crores of funds to 14 states
127. Ministry of MSME launches “Champions Portal”
128. Sero Survey by ICMR and NCDC
129. MP, the First State to launch innovative Scheme “FIR Aapke Dwar Yojana”
130. “SWASTHVAYU”: India creates record developing ventilator in 36 days
May 13, 2020

131. India State-Level Disease Burden Initiative: Mortality Rate dropped by 49%
132. United States provides 3.6 million USD assistance to India
133. GoI announces Lock Down 4.0 with economic package of Rs 20 lakh crores
134. Under 17 FIFA Women World Cup to begin in 2021
135. ICMR to conduct household survey
136. Finance Ministry begins Annual Exercise
137. WHO: Cases of Malaria, TB and AIDS are to increase
138. CO2 Emissions of India falls in 4 decades
139. PM Modi announces Atma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan
140. Jal Jeevan Mission: J&K, Haryana to provide Tap Connections to all by 2022
141. Men are more vulnerable to COVID-19 than women: How and Why?
142. Rs 20 Lakh crore Economic Package: MSME, EPF, NBFC, MFI, Real Estate Benefited
May 14, 2020

143. Global Energy Transition Index: India ranks 74th
144. COVID-19: Rs 3,100 crores allocated from PM CARES Funds
145. ICMR issues Guidelines for Antibody Test Kits
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146. KVIC to implement “Vocal for Local” initiative; Issues Guidelines
147. WHO releases Global Nutrition Report, 2020
148. What is “Direct Seeding of Rice” being encouraged amongst farmers?
149. India attends 7 nation meeting initiated by USA
150. CSIR and AYUSH Ministry begin clinical trials of four Ayurvedic Drugs
151. India attends SCO meeting
152. FAO Report: Global Forest Resources Assessment, 2020
153. PM-KISAN Scheme: Rs 18,517 crores released
154. COVID-19: ICMR participates in Global Solidarity Trials of WHO
155. Rs 20,000 lakh crore of Atma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan: Second Tranche Announced
May 15, 2020

156. COBAS 6800: India’s first automated COVID-19 testing machine
157. United Nations releases World Economic Situation and Prospects Report, 2020
158. SAMARTH scheme implemented by NIT Kurukshetra
159. India attends Common Wealth Health Ministers Meet
160. India attends second G20 Virtual Trade and Investment Ministers Meet
161. What is “Collective Conscience” invoked by Indian Courts in Death Penalty cases?
162. Group of Ministers submitted draft proposal on Employment and Skill Development
163. New Scheme for Diary Sector: GoI subsidizes interest rates on working capital
164. India finds a tool to get deeper insight into Parkinson’s Disease
165. GI Tag provided to Telangana’s Telia Rumal and Jharkhand’s Sohrai Khovar painting
166. Investment Capacity of India in renewable sector reached 500-700 billion USD
167. What is Event Bolt Malware in news recently?
168. Third Tranche of Rs 20 lakh Economic Package announced
May 16, 2020

169. Light Weight Carbon Foam Batteries developed by CSIR
170. Injectable Silk-Fibroin based Hydrogel developed by JNCASR
171. Defence Testing Infrastructure Scheme approved
172. ICGS Sachet Commissioned in Goa: First Coast Guard Offshore Patrol Vessel
173. “Goal Programme” launched for Tribal Youth
174. AIIB sanctions 145 million USD loan for Major Irrigation Project of West Bengal
175. COVID-19: President Ram Nath Kovind to donate 30% of his salary for a year
176. May 16: International Day of Light
177. World Bank approves 1 billion USD to India
178. Rajiv Gandhi Kisan Nyay Yojana to be launched by Chhattisgarh
179. ENAM succeeds touching milestone of 1000 Mandis
180. Fourth Tranche of Atma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan announced
181. Sikkim celebrates 45th State Day
182. Pradhan Mantri Ujjawala Yojana completes 4 years of success
May 17, 2020

183. NMIS-National Migrant Information System developed by NDMA
184. Next Generation Biodegradable Metal Implants developed by ARCI scientists
May 18, 2020

185. Fifth Tranche of Atma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan announced
186. GoI to convert world’s only horse serving cavalry into regular armoured regiment
187. AMPHAN: Cyclonic Storm intensifies into Severe Cyclonic Storm
188. Indian Army to implement “ToD”
189. Super Earth discovered
190. India joins 61 nations in WHO to identify Zoonotic source of COVID-19
191. PFRDA suggests comprehensive Scheme to the Finance Ministry
192. Gaganyaan Mission: ISRO to tap technologies of local start ups
193. Bundesliga of Germany: World’s first sports competition after COVID-19 lock down
194. US to donate Ventilators to India
195. What is Baltic Travel Bubble recently in news?
196. A new species “Troglomyces twitteri” discovered
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197. India-World Bank: Social Protection Response Programme
198. GoI to implement several initiatives to boost Education Sector
May 19, 2020

199. Amphan develops into a super cyclonic storm
200. GoI implements Shekatkar Committee to create border infrastructure
201. India attends World Health Assembly
202. ICC bans use of saliva to shine a Cricket Ball
203. WHO: Spraying of Disinfectants in streets is not Effective
204. Charan Paduka Initiative: First of its kind launched for Migrant Workers
205. What is “Hanko” in news recently?
206. Rules to issue Domicile Certificate in Jammu and Kashmir issued
207. NABARD releases Rs 20,500 crores of funds for Kharif and pre-monsoon operations
208. Rapid Intensification made AMPHAN a Super Cyclone
209. GoI: Star Rating of Garbage Free Cities Released
210. Indian Air Force shelves three main projects
211. US Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine: First to show positive response
May 20, 2020

212. Nepal approves new Map: Includes Kalapani
213. India provides 2 million USD aid to United Nations Relief and Works Agency
214. WHO: Independent Inquiry in handling of COVID-19
215. First 12,000 HP Electric Loco operationalized by Indian Railways
216. Sun has entered into deepest period of Sunshine Recession
217. May 20: World Bee Day
218. Artificial Intelligence: GoI launches National Test Abhyas
219. Federation of Indian Export Organization: Indian Exports to fall by 20%
220. COVID-19: ICMR Clinical Trials on BCG Vaccine
221. National Crisis Management Committee meets to review AMPHAN preparedness
222. Beneficiaries of Ayushman Bharat touches 1 crore
223. Cabinet meets to approve several initiatives under Atma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan
224. Rare Palm from Andaman replanted in Kerala: To prevent its Extinction
May 21, 2020

225. May 21: International Tea Day
226. Exploration underneath Assam National Park receives Environmental Clearance
227. New Incidents change dynamics of India-China Border
228. North East Model: Minimized COVID-19 threats and a huge success
229. 26 Defence Items approved by Defence Ministry to boost Make in India
230. May 21: National Anti-Terrorism Day
231. Fifteenth Finance Commission meets to discuss Health Sector and Fiscal Consolidation
232. India attends NAM Health Minister meet
233. GoI: Scheme launched for 100% solarization of Konark Sun Temple and Town
234. Agappe Chitra Magna launched by SCTIMST to detect COVID-19
235. India-Bangladesh sign Inland Water Transit and Trade Protocol
May 22, 2020

236. Khadi Masks gain Global recognition and demand
237. E-Conclave for Defence MSMEs held
238. Textiles Committee launches indigenous design of PPE Testing Equipment: Synthetic Blood Penetration
Testing Equipment
239. Pradhan Mantri Ujjawala Yojana: 6.8 crore free Cylinders distributed
240. Western Ghats to be declared Ecologically Sensitive Area soon
241. May 22: International Day for Biological Diversity
242. Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana: Coir Geo Textiles approved for rural road construction
243. Rs 170 crores disbursed to MNREGA
244. GoI amends General Financial Rules
245. India: The Second Largest Manufacturer of PPE in the world
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May 23, 2020
246. Monetary Policy Committee meets: Repo rate reduces to 4%
247. What is Treaty on Open Skies recently in news?
248. Advisory on use of Hydroxychloroquine revised
249. United Nations: India’s KHUDOL declared one of Top 10 Global Initiatives to fight COVID-19
250. Status Paper on Government Debt released
251. GoI launches 5 initiatives towards Conservation of Biodiversity
252. ICMR to replace HCQ with anti-HIV drug; Kangra Tea Suggested
May 25, 2020

253. World Steel report: India’s steel output declined by 65%
254. Enrolments in ESIC Social Security Scheme increases to 821,000
255. Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna (ANTIA) finds high energy particles from ice
256. Mizoram provides industrial status to Sports
257. Emission Norms of L7 category of BS VI notified
258. WHO adopts “Human Challenge Trial” to develop new vaccine
May 27, 2020

259. Supreme Court’s suo motu cognisance of Migrant Workers’ plight
260. Char Dham Highway Development Project: Chamba Tunnel inaugurated
261. J.K. Rowling announces “The Ickabog”
262. Current Affairs FAQs: Saharan Cheetah
May 28, 2020

263. India attends New Development Bank Governors meet
264. World Gold Council Report: 37% of Indian Women never bought gold
265. Russia constructs its first Stealth Bomber
266. Sports Authority of India deposits Rs 30,000 in Khelo India Athletes accounts
267. May 28: World Hunger Day
268. India and ADB sign 177 million USD to upgrade Maharashtra State Highways
269. NPCI launched Pai: An Artificial Intelligence Virtual Assistant
270. World Vape Day to be observed on May 30
271. European Union: 750 billion Euros announced as COVID-19 Recovery Fund
272. 9 Crore 60 lakh Farmers Benefitted under Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana
273. State Health Register to be launched by Karnataka Government: First of its Kind
274. WHO suspended Hydroxycloroquine trials
275. New Fresh water fish “Punitus Sanctus” found
May 29, 2020

276. May 29: International Day of UN Peacekeepers
277. 22nd Financial Stability and Development Council meeting chaired by Finance Minister
278. Delimitation Commission holds meeting
279. United Nations Military Gender Advocate of the year award to India’s major Suman Gawani
280. UP Government implements Herbal Roads Project
281. Finance Minister launched instant Aadhaar based E-KYC
282. CIPET renamed as Central Institute of Petrochemicals Engineering and Technology
283. GoI lifts ban on Paracetamol API exports
284. US joins G7 partnership on Artificial Intelligence
285. Rozgar Setu Scheme launched by Madhya Pradesh for skilled workers
286. “AGNEEPRASTHA”, the Missile Park: Foundation Stone laid
May 30, 2020

287. Army Commanders’ Conference held in New Delhi
288. 23 additional Minor Forest Produce included in Minimum Support Price List
289. Free Online Career Skills Training under National Career Service Project
290. COVID-19 culture for vaccine development and drug testing
291. May 31: World No Tobacco Day
292. GoI approves Rs 445 crores for Chhattisgarh under Jal Jeevan Mission
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293. Why are the recent Locusts Attacks the worst in history?
294. Goa celebrates Statehood Day
295. K-FON Project of Kerala to be implemented by December
296. Tax Heads of BRICS met through Video Conference
297. 29 May: International Everest Day observed
May 31, 2020

298. “Indian National Super Model” launched by DST
299. Birth of New Planets witnessed first time in human history
300. GoI launches “Responsible AI for Youth” programme and an AI Portal
301. Existence of Earth like planet orbiting Proxima Centauri confirmed
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May 1, 2020
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1. India ranks 53rd in Budget Transparency and Accountability
According to the Open Budget Survey conducted by the International Budget

Partnership, India ranked 53rd among 117 countries in budget transparency and
accountability.
1. Highlights: World
India scored 49 out 0f 100 in the survey. The score was above the global average of 45.
New Zealand scored 87 and topped the list. South Africa, Mexico and Brazil were the
other top performers with scores 87, 82 and 81 respectively.
2. Highlights: India
The survey gave better scores for India for its timely publishing and relevant information
in the audit reports. According to the survey, absence of pre-budget statement and mid-
year review in the year 2018-19 was the main reason for India to scoreless in the survey.
3. Suggestions
The survey suggests to maintain high degree of transparency in government finances in
order to ensure the public resources are used judiciously. An integrated expenditure
information architecture has to be built in every district headquarters. This will help the
coordination and management committees at district level to enforce accountability and
improve budget transparency
4. About the Survey

The survey evaluated every country based on their issuance of information to the public
in a timely manner. Also, they assessed how far the countries allowed public
participation in order to prepare the ranking.
2. G20 Digital Economy Ministers meet held through video conference
On April 30, 2020, G20 Digital Economy Ministers meeting was convened. A ministerial
statement was issued by the G20 Digital Economy Task Force at the meet. India was
represented by the Union Minister Ravi Shankar Prasad.
1. Highlights
According to the meet, the ministers have decided on the following
2. G20 meet
A virtual G20 meet was held on March 27, 2020. The meet was chaired by Saudi Arabia.
The countries decided to inject 5 trillion USD to improve the global economy that is
badly affected due to COVID-19 threats. This ministerial meet is a follow up of the main
summit
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3. India placed on the “Priority Watch List” for Intellectual Property

Protection by the US
The United States of America has placed India on the “Priority Watch List” due to lack of
measurable improvements in intellectual property framework.
1. Highlights
Along with India, the US has placed 10 countries including China in the list. The US has
taken the step alleging that intellectual properties and their enforcements have
deteriorated equitable market access for Americans in these countries. The other
countries placed on the list include Argentina, Algeria, Chile, Russia, Indonesia, Saudi
Arabia, Venezuela and Ukraine.
2. Why is India placed on the list?

According to the US, the IP challenges in India makes it difficult for the US businessmen
to receive, maintain and enforce patents in the country. This is high mainly in
pharmaceutical industries. The US also complains that India has restricted transparency
in state issued pharmaceutical manufacturing licenses.
3. Intellectual Property
According to World Intellectual Property Right Organization, the Intellectual Property is
the creation of literary and artistic works, symbols, names, images. The four main
intellectual property rights include inventions, geographic indications, trademarks and
industrial designs.
4. India-China Ceremonial Border Meet on “Labour Day” cancelled due to

COVID-19
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Indian and Chinese ceremonial border personnel
meet that is usually conducted on Labour Day was cancelled.
1. Highlights
On May 1, every year the Indian and Chinese Army personnel hold a meeting at five
border locations. During their meet, the army personnel discuss sports activities and also
about activities to ensure peace at the LAC (Line of Actual Control).
2. Locations
Usually the armies hold discussions at 5 locations. All the five are along the Line of
Actual control. It includes Daulat Beg Oldie and Chushul in Ladakh, Nathu La in Sikkim,
Bum La and Kibithu in Arunachal Pradesh.
3. Other Auspicious occasions

The armies also hold discussions on other auspicious occasions such as republic day,
Independence Day, PLA Day (People’s Liberation Army Day-August 1).
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4. PLA Day
The PLA Army of china is the armed force of China and of its communist party. There are
five branches of the PLA army that includes Navy, Ground force, Rocket Force, Air Force
and Strategic Support Force.
5. Potential Military Super Power

A state that is speculated to have gained complete potential to become a super power is
called potential super power. The countries that are called Potential Military Super Power
are India, China, Brazil, USA, Russia, European Union.
5. Hezbollah classified as Terrorist Organization by Germany
On April 30, 2020, Germany classified the organization Hezbollah as a terrorist

organization in its soil. According to an early morning operation conducted by the
German police, more than 1,000 people in Germany belong to the Hezbollah extremist
wing.
1. Hezbollah
The Hezbollah is a Shia Islamist political party that is based in Lebanon. The organization
was founded by the Iranian effort in 1980s to aggregate Lebanese Shia groups. In the
on-going Iran-Israel conflicts, Hezbollah acts as a proxy for Iran.
2. Foundation
In 1982, Israel invaded Lebanon and occupied a strip of south Lebanon. Hezbollah was
then founded by the Muslim clerics in the region and was funded by Iran to harass Israeli
occupation.
3. Iran-Israel proxy war

The conflict between Iran and Israel is a political struggle of Iran to dissolve the Jewish
state, Israel. It emerged from Iran’s hostility towards Israel during Iranian Revolution in
1979. It then increased with Iranian support to Hezbollah during South Lebanon conflict.
4. Hezbollah manifesto
In 1985, Hezbollah created a manifesto that listed to expel the French, Americans and all
their allies putting an end to the colonial rule.
5. United Nations
The United Nations Security Council operating for world peace, had disbanded and
disarmed all the Lebanese militia. However, the organization has not yet made a
decision over the Hezbollah group.
6. GI Tag to Manipur Black Rice, Gorakhpur Terracotta and Kovilpatti

Kadalai Mittai
On April 30, 2020, Black rice of Manipur, also called the Chak-Hao, Gorakhpur Terracotta
and Kadalai Mittai of Kovilpatti bagged Geographical Indication tag.
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1. Highlights
The application to receive Geographical Status for Chak Hao was initiated by North
Eastern Regional Agricultural Marketing Corporation Limited (NERAMAC).
2. Black rice
This rice variety has a deep black colour and is higher by weight than that of other
coloured rice varieties like brown rice, etc. The rice has higher weight and is black in
colour mainly due to the anthocyanin agent. The rice is suitable for creating dessert,
porridge. It is used in traditional bread, noodles and rice cake recipes of China.
3. Kovilpatti Kadalai Mittai

Kadalai Mittai is a pea nut candy made in southern parts of Tamil Nadu. The candy is
prepared from ground nut and jaggery. The water is exclusively used from the river
Thamirabarani. According to the producers of the region the water from this particular
river enhances the taste of the candy.
4. Gorakhpur Terracotta
The terracotta of Gorakhpur is centuries old. The potters of the town make animal
figures like elephants, horses. Every piece of arts created has more toil and has earned
less remuneration so far. The GI tag will help to boost the potters’ income.
7. ATULYA: Microwave sterilizer to disintegrate COVID-19 developed
The Defence Institute of Advanced Technology, deemed university operating under

Defence Research and Development Organization has designed microwave sterilizer
called “ATULYA”.
1. Highlights
The Sterilizer is used to disintegrate COVID-19 virus. The sterilizer uses differential
heating to disintegrate the virus in the range of 56 degree Celsius to 60 degree Celsius.
The weight of the designed sterilizer is 3 kgs. The time of sterilization depends on the
size of the object. The device is cost effective and can be run in fixed and portable
installations as well.
2. What is Sterilization?
Sterilization is the process by which different forms of life, especially micro organisms
such as fungi, virus, bacteria, spores and other Eukaryotic organisms such as
Plasmodium are eliminated, killed, removed or deactivated.
3. Differential Heating
Differential Heating is the process that creates two different temperatures to
disintegrate the virus.
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8. Actor Rishi Kapoor died of Leukemia
On April 30, the 67 old Bollywood actor died of Leukemia. He has won several awards
including the National Film Award.
1. About Leukemia
Leukemia is a type of cancer that is present found in human blood and bone marrow. It
is caused due to the rapid production of white blood cells. The white blood cells affected
by Leukemia are unable to fight against infection. White Blood Cells gives immune power
to human body fighting against diseases. Leukemia also impairs the ability of the bone
marrow to produce platelets and red blood cells.
2. Classification of Leukemia
There are four types of Leukemia. They are Acute Myelogenous Leukemia, Acute
Lymphocytic Leukemia, Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Chronic Myelogenous
Leukemia. Science has still not provided solution to prevent Leukemia as the cause of
the disease is not yet known.
3. National Film Awards

National Film Awards are presented by the President of India. A national panel appointed
by the government of India selects the winners of the award.
9. YASH launched by Department of Science and Technology
On April 30, 2020, programme YASH was launched by Department of Science and
Technology. YASH is Year of Awareness on Science and Health. The awareness is being
created to focus on COVID-19.
1. Highlights
The National Council for Science and Technology Communication (NCSTC) operating
under Department of Science and Technology has launched YASH to focus on COVID-19.
It is a comprehensive science and health communication initiative to promote grass-root
level response on health.
2. What is the plan?

Under the initiative, the NCSTC has planned to work out academic, media, research and
voluntary organizations to prepare for emergency and also to address challenges. The
programme will include health, science and risk communication software, audio-visual,
folk performances, digital platforms and communicators to address the challenges. The
programme is to be launched in regional languages.
3. Aim of the programme

The programme has been launched to minimize the risks of COVID-19 at all levels with
the help of public awareness.
4. Significance
The YASH programe will help in improving risk understanding, indigenous knowledge,
bring attitudinal changes, to cope with courage and confidence.
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10. AYURAKSHA Programme organized by Delhi Police
The All India Institute of Ayurveda (AIIA) organized AYURAKSHA Programme under the
Ministry of AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy).
1. Highlights
The programme aimed to maintain the health of front-line workers of COVID-19. It was a
joint venture of AIIA and Delhi Police and was titled AYURAKSHA “Corona Se Jung-Delhi
Police Ke Sang”. The main objective of the programme is to fight against simple and
time tested Ayurveda immunity boosting measures.
2. Recommendations
The programme recommends Chyawanaprasha. Chyawanprasha has Amla as main
ingredient. It also recommends other major formulations such as Sanshamani Vati and
anu Taila. These formulations use simple herbs and are time tested.
3. What is the Plan?

Under the programme the Delhi Police has come up with a proposal to maintain the
health of the COVID-19 front line warriors. This includes the police personnel as well.
According to the plan, Ayurveda immunity measures are to be adopted. The proposal is
to be implemented in phased manner. In phase I, the quarantined officials are to be
covered. In Phase II, police officers in containment zones are to be covered. In phase III,
the officers in quarantine zones are to be covered. Finally in Phase IV, the police men
working in front line of the COVID-19 combat are to be covered.
11. ECI to conduct biennial election to Maharashtra Legislative Council
On May 1, 2020, the Election Commission of India announced that it is to conduct

biennial election for 9 vacant seats for the members of Legislative Council of the
Maharashtra State Legislature.
1. Highlights
On April 24, 2020, 9 seats became vacant in the Maharashtra Legislative Council. Hence,
the Election Commission of India has issued orders to conduct elections under Article
324.
2. Article 324
The article superintendents and provides directions to the election Commission. The
article gives powers to the election commission of India to conduct parliamentary and
state legislature elections.
3. Legislative Council
The Legislative Council is the upper house in a state legislature and is established under
Article 169. Every member of the legislative council serves for 6 years. Hence, the terms
of one-third of the state legislative council members expire every two years.
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4. Article 169
The article provides power to abolish or create legislative councils in the state.
12. India’s New representative of UN; India to become member of UNSC
The 1985 Indian Foreign Officer T S Trimurti is to succeed Syed Akbaruddin as the
permanent representative of the United Nations. Mr Trimurti was serving as the
Secretary to Economic relations. The appointment announcement was made by the
External Affairs ministry.
1. Permanent Representative to the UN

The permanent representative is the head of the diplomatic mission to an international
organization. The organizations that have permanent representative include United
Nations, NATO, World Trade Organization, African Union, European Union, Organization
of Islamic Cooperation and Organization of American States.
2. India’s membership at UNSC

India has been striving hard to get a permanent membership at the United Nations
Security Council. Currently, there are five permanent members namely US, France, UK,
Russia and china.
3. Non-Permanent Member
India is to become a non-permanent member at the UNSC in 2021. Along with 5
permanent members, there are 10 non-permanent members at the UNSC. A non-
permanent member holds term for two years. In order to become a non-permanent
member, a country should gain confidence of at least two-thirds of the members.
4. Akbaruddin
Akbaruddin was a 1985 IFS officer. He had served twice in Saudi Arabia. He also served
as a representative of India at the International atomic energy Agency. His works at the
United Nations against terrorism, climate change and peace keeping were
commendable.
13. USAID to provide 3 million USD for India’s PAHAL project
On May 1, 2020, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID)
announced that it is to provide 3 million USD for India’s PAHAL project. PAHAL is
Partnerships for Affordable Healthcare Access and Longevity.
1. Highlights
Till now, USAID has provided 5.9 million USD. The funds that have been allocated
recently are to be used to disseminate public health messages to the public, to provide
care to the affected and to strengthen surveillance and case finding.
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2. USAID
The United States Agency for International Development is responsible for administering
foreign aid. With the budget of more than 27 billion USD, USAID is one of the largest
financial aids in the world. USAID provides funds for poverty relief, disaster relief,
technical cooperation and socioeconomic development.
3. PAHAL scheme
PAHAL scheme is a joint initiative of USAID and IPE. The main objective of the scheme is
to provide quality and affordable health care solutions to urban poor. The main aim of
the project is to reach 10 million poor in India by 2020. This will help reduce out of
pocket expenditure of the underserved urban communities by 30%.
May 2, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
14. Kisan Sabha Application developed by CSIR launched
On May 1, 2020, the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Road Research
Institute (CSIR-CRRI) launched Kisan Sabha Application. The application was launched to
connect farmers to freight transportation and supply chain.
1. Highlights
The application aims in providing timely support to farmers and help in increasing their
profit. This is possible as the application minimizes interference of middle men and
connects with the institutional buyers directly. Thus, the farmers are able to get best
market rates for their crops. The rates are easily obtained better than the nearby mandi.
2. Functions of the application

The application helps the farmers in the following ways
3. Background
Before designing the application, a detailed survey was conducted in Asia’s biggest
Azadpur Mandi. Under the study, major challenges like wastage and produce being sold
at lowest rates were studied.
15. E-Nam: 200 new Mandis integrated
On May 1, 2020, around 200 Mandis were added to the E-NAM platform. The mandis
were from 7 different states. They were joined through a video conference held by the
Union Minister of Agriculture Shri Narendra Singh Tomar.
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1. Highlights
The mandis added were from the states of Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan,
Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka and Uttar Pradesh. These addends have brought the number of
E-Nam mandis in the country to 785.
2. What is special about the step?

For the first time, a mandi from the state of Karnataka has been added to the E-NAM
platform. Also, E-NAM has been integrated with the Rashtriya E-Market Service of
Karnataka. This is the first time, two trading platforms of agriculture commodities have
been integrated in India. This will help in inter-state trade development.
3. E-Nam
The National Agriculture Market was launched in 2016. It facilitates farmers, buyers and
traders to trade their commodities online. More than 90 commodities are listed and are
available for trade. The features of E-NAM were enhanced by attractive launchings such
as BHIM, MIS dashboard, etc.
16. Five more states/UTs added under “One Nation One Ration Card”
On May 1, 2020, the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution approved
the integration of five states and Union Territories under “One Nation One Ration Card”.
These states include Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and
Diu and Himachal Pradesh.
1. Highlights
With the addition of these states and union territories, around 60 crore beneficiaries are
to be added under National Food Security Act. Already there are 12 more states in the
cluster. These states include Madhya Pradesh, Kerala, Jharkhand, Andhra Pradesh,
Gujarat, Goa, Haryana, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Telangana, Rajasthan and Tripura.
2. One Nation One Ration Card

The aim of the scheme is inter-state portability of ration cards. The scheme benefits
people taking food grains under public distribution system (PDS). The system is highly
useful to the migrant workers. In India around 37% of the population are migrant
labourers.
3. National Food Security Act

Around 81 crore people in the country are covered under NFSA according to 2011
census. Under the act, the GoI is covering most vulnerable sections of the society
namely antyodaya families. These families get 35 kgs of food grains per month.
4. Depot Online System

The Government of India is planning to integrate Public Distribution System with Depot
Online System.
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17. Environment Ministry Clears New Parliament at Rs 922 crores
On May 2, 2020, the Expert Appraisal Committee cleared the proposal to new Parliament
at Rs 922 crores. The Central Vista committee has also approved the new plan.
1. Support from other Government Entities

The case on minimized tree cutting and its related environmental concerns is still
pending before the Supreme court. However, the apex court had refused to stay the
Central Vista Redevelopment project recently.
2. Central Vista Redevelopment Project

The project aims to build a triangular parliament building. It will revamp the 3-km long
Raj Path from Rashtrapati Bhavan to India Gate.
3. What is Central Vista?

The Central Vista of New Delhi houses Parliament House, Rashtrapati Bhavan, India
Gate, North and South Block and National Archives. The Parliament House was designed
by Lutyens and Baker. The Rashtrapati Bhavan was designed by Edwin Lutyens and the
secretariat that includes both north and south block was designed by Herbert Baker.
4. Concerns
Many historians are concerned that the project will demolish historical buildings.
5. Objective
The plan is to be completed by 2022. The new buildings will have underground parking
system. Also, the new building will have metro connectivity and separate metro stations.
18. Kashmir Saffron receives GI Tag
The Saffron cultivated in the Kashmir valley has received Geographical Indication Tag. It
is to be noted that three other products such as Gorakhpur Teracotta, Kovilpatti Kadalai
Mittai and Black rice of Manipur also received GI tag recently.
1. About Kashmir Saffron

The Saffron cultivated in Kashmir is long, thick and has natural deep red colour. Also, it
has high aroma and is processed without adding any chemicals.
2. What is special about the Saffron?

The Kashmir Saffron is the only saffron in the world that is grown at an altitude of 1,600
metres.
3. Where are Kashmir Saffron grown?

Kashmir Saffron is a world renowned spice and is grown in regions of Pulwama, Kishtwar,
Budgam and Srinagar.
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4. Types of Saffron
The Saffron is available in three types namely Lachha Saffrin that is simply separated
from the flower and dried without processing. Mongra Saffron that is detached from the
flower, dried and processed traditionally. The Guchhi Saffron that is dried and packed
loosely in air tight containers, joined together in a bundle with a red thread.
19. GoI directs to include Chakma and Hajong in COVID-19 relief

programme
On May 1, 2020, the Ministry of Development of the North Eastern Region directed
Arunachal Pradesh Government to include Hajong and Chakma communities in the
COVID-19 relief programme
1. Highlights
The Chakma and Hajong communities, the migrants from the then East Pakistan (now
Bangladesh) are still living in relief camps. They came to India in 1964. There are more
than 1 lakh Chakma and Hajong refugees in the country. Apart from these people, there
are around 15,000 Chakmas and 2,000 Hajongs in the relief camp set up in Arunachal
Pradesh. Even after 50 years, many continue to live here.
2. What is the issue?

The Chakmas were predominantly Buddhists and the Hajongs were Hindus. They
inhabited the Chittagong hills in the regions of East Pakistan. They migrated to India due
to the construction of Kaptai dam across the Karnaphuli river in 1960s. They also faced
persecution in East Pakistan as they were non-Muslims.
3. Karnaphuli river
Karnaphuli is the largest river the in the Chittagong hills. The river originates in Mizoram
and flows into Bangladesh and then joins the Bay of Bengal. The tributaries of the
Karnaphuli river include Kawrpui river, Phairuang river and Tuichawng river.
20. GoI: Rebate of State and Central Taxes Scheme in the form of Scrips
On May 1, 2020, the Government of India announced that the Rebate of State and
Central Scheme arrears are to be provided in the form of scrips. It is to be provided by
the Department of Revenue Communication.
1. Highlights
The ROSL scheme was discontinued in March 2019. The scheme was replaced with
Rebate of State and Central Taxes and Levies Scheme. The arrears to be provided in the
form of scrips is to benefit many of the cotton textile exporters.
2. What is a scrip?
Scrip is a certificate that is subscribed to a bank or an individual entitling the holder a
part of dividend or an amount of money.
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3. ROSL scheme
The scheme supported apparels and made ups. The state and central taxes continue to
be present in the cost of exports. The scheme rebates state and central taxes. This will
include more than 56% of India’s textile export basket. The aim is to make the textile
sector competitive.
4. Cotton Export
Cotton fabrics and yarn account to 23% of total textiles and apparel exports in India. In
2018-19, the total cotton production was 28.7 million bales. In the same year, the cotton
clothing exports were 36.62 billion USD. India exports cotton and cotton products mainly
to UAE, US, UK, France.
21. May 2: World Tuna Day
Every year, World Tuna Day is observed by the United Nations to spread the importance
of conservation of the Tuna Fish species. The tuna and tuna like species are
economically important for both developing and developed countries.
1. Highlights
The United Nations passed a resolution in 2016 and the world Tuna Day is being
observed since 2017. The day is marked to prevent tuna fish stocks from crashing.
2. SDG 14
Several countries are dependent on tuna resources for nutrition and food security,
revenue, livelihood, recreation, economic development. The day hence helps to achieve
Sustainable Development Goal 14, that is Life Below Water. It aims to conserve and
sustainably use seas, oceans and marine resources.
3. Significance
Every year more than 7 million tonnes of tuna fishes are harvested. The tuna fish
account to 20% of marine capture of fisheries and 8% of globally traded sea food. The
United Nations suggests implementing legal framework of the UNCLOS (United Nations
Convention on the Law of the Sea) as the tuna stocks in the world oceans are declining.
4. COVID-19
The COVID-19 has increased the demand for canned Tuna in the world.
22. May 2: International Astronomy Day
Every year, International Astronomy Day is celebrated twice a year. Once on September
26 and other on May 2. On this day, astronomical institutions, planetariums, museums
organize fun filled activities and spread awareness about the world of astronomy.
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1. Highlights
The first International Astronomy Day was celebrated in 1973. It was started by the then
president of Astronomical Association of Northern California. He aimed at setting up
telescope points in different urban locations. Initially the celebrations began in the
United States and later it spread to other parts of the world.
2. National Astronomy Week

The Astronomy Day is also a part of the National Astronomy Week. The week is held in
United Kingdom.
3. International Year of Astronomy

The International Year of Astronomy was celebrated in 2009. It was marked on 2009 to
celebrate the 400th anniversary of observations of Galileo and also Kepler’s findings in
17th century. The year was coordinated by the International Astronomical Union.
4. International Astronomical Union

The IAU was founded in 1919. The main objective of the mission was to safeguard
science. The IAU is a member of the International Science Council India is a member of
the Union. The headquarters of the Union is located in France.
23. NSTMIS report: India placed 3rd in scientific publication
The National Science and Technology Management Information (NSTMIS) has conducted
a survey on Research and Development Statistics and Indicators 2019-20.
1. Highlights
The report says that India ranks 3rd globally in the scientific publication. The first two
ranks were occupied by USA and China. The gross expenditure on Research and
Development in the country has tripled between 2008 and 2018. It was Rs 39,437 crores
in 2008 and increased to Rs 1,13,825 crores in 2018.
2. Key Findings of the report

 The report says that the two main contributors were Department of Science and Technology
and Department of Biotechnology. The DST contributes 63% of R and D support and the DBT
contributes 14%.
 The women participation in the R&D field has increased from 13% to 24%.
 Around 5.52 lakh personnel are working in R&D establishments as on April 2018.
 In terms of Resident Patent Filing India was ranked 9th in the world. India’s Patent Office
ranked seventh in the world.
 The number of researchers per million has doubled in India since 2000.
 According to the report, India is currently spending 185 USD per researcher and is ahead of
Russia, Hungary, Israel, UK and Spain in this spending.
3. Significance
The report is important for policy making, planning higher education, industrial
competitiveness and intellectual property.
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24. ICC Ranking: India declines from top position to third
On May 2, 2020, the International Cricket Council (ICC) announced the ranking of cricket
teams. According to the ranking, Australia ranked top and India ranked third. New
Zealand was ranked second in the ranking.
1. Highlights
For more than 43 months India was placed at top position. The current ranking considers
all the matches played since 2017. The matches played since 2017 were considered
50% and the matches played since 2019 were considered 100%.
2. History
The ICC Ranking was introduced in 2003. India’s rank was behind Australia for a period
of more than 74 months since its launch.
3. About the Rankings

Australia for the first time has acquired top spot in T20 as well as in Test series. England
had continued to lead in ODI men’s ranking.
25. New Code by Indian Scientists to study magnetosphere of the earth
The Indian Scientists at the Indian Institute of Geomagnetism has developed fluid
simulation code to study electric field structure in the magnetosphere of the earth.
1. Significance
The study will help to plan the future space missions. The study will also lead to control
fusion experiments to fulfill ever-expanding energy demands of humanity.
2. Highlights
The scientists have developed one-dimensional fluid simulation code. The study helps to
see the electric field in isolated pulses.
3. Magnetosphere
The sun is the major source that deposits plasma around the earth. It forces its plasma
towards the earth through its solar wind. This creates interplanetary magnetic field that
is carried by the solar magnetic field.
4. Background
The magnetosphere of the earth has several numbers of satellites revolving. When the
satellites leave the observational domain of one satellite and enter into the other, a blind
arena is created. The study will help to decipher this through computer simulations.
May 3, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
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26. IDEAthon launched by Jal Shakti ministry
On May 2, 2020, the National Mission for Clean Ganga operating under Ministry of Jal
Shakti launched “IDEAthon”. It focuses on “The Future of River Management” to explore
how the COVID-19 crisis will change the river management strategies.
1. Highlights
The IDEAthon event examined how social angle of rivers can be leveraged to address the
crisis. It also discussed about the lessons taught by COVID-19 crisis.
2. Outcomes
The event finalized that more attention is required towards river management. Also, it
highlighted the interconnectivity of cities with the river. The river cities require special
focus in creating awareness about the ecological importance and economic potential of
the rivers to help the cities.
3. Namami Gange
The Namami Gange, also called the National Mission for Clean Ganga was launched in
2011. The initiative focuses on controlling the pollution of River Ganga. The main pillars
of the mission include sewerage treatment, industrial effluent monitoring, bio-diversity,
development of river surface cleaning, afforestation, and public awareness.
27. Core sector Growth of India hit due to Lock Down
The core sectors of India include crude oil, steel, natural gas, refinery product, cement,
fertilizer, electricity and coal. According to the figures released by the Ministry of
Commerce recently, the production of core industries of India shrank in March, 2020 due
to lock down.
1. Highlights
The output of the core industries has reduced by 6.5% in the month of March. This is the
sharpest reduction since 2012.
2. Significance
The eight crore industries have a weight of 40.27% in the Index of Industrial Production.
With these industries contracting in their output, the country is to face very low
economic output.
3. Index of Industrial Production

The Index of Industrial Production is published by the Central Statistical Organization. It
shows the growth rate of different industrial groups. The IIP is calculated with 2011-12 as
the base year.
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28. Project Monitoring Unit launched by Ministry of Coal
The Ministry of Coal recently launched a project monitoring unit to facilitate early
operationalization of coal mines that were allocated by the central government. The aim
of launching the unit is to bring in more bidders.
1. Highlights
The Project Monitoring Unit will facilitate Ease of Doing Business as it will support coal
mines in receiving timely approval in order to operate the mines. The unit will also help
the mines in getting clearances from the state and central government authorities for
their operationalization. The unit will help improve business environment and production
of coal in the country.
2. Ease of Doing Business

India ranks 63rd in ease of doing business in the ranking released by World Bank. India
was one of the top 10 improvers in the 2019 ranking. The unit will help India improve
further and promote international trade as well.
3. Coal Production in India

India has the fifth largest coal reserves in the world. The major states that produce coal
in India are Odisha, Jharkhand, Bihar, West Bengal, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and
Telangana.
4. Nationalisation and Denationalisation of Coal Mines
4.1. Nationalisation
The Nationalisation of coal mines was done in two phases. The first phase of
nationalization was done in 1971 under the Coking Coal Mines (Emergency Provisions)
Act, 1971 to manage coking coal mines. The Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited and
the Indian Iron and Steel Company limited were nationalized and brought under BCCL
(Bharat Coking Coal Limited).
4.2. Denationalisation
The Coal Mines were denationalized under the Coal Mines (Special Provisions) Act, 2015.
The law allowed the private sector to mine coal.
May 4, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
29. Third Phase of Lock Down begins
On May 4, 2020, the third phase of Lock down begun all over India. The Ministry of Home
Affairs had issued relaxations in lower risk districts.
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1. What is prohibited all over India?
Under Lock Down 3.0, travel by road is prohibited all over India. The Educational
institutes, schools, training institutes are to remain closed all over the country. The
hospitality sector that includes restaurants and hotels are to remain closed. Public,
political or religious gatherings are prohibited. Movement of people between 7 pm and 7
am for non-essential activities are prohibited.
2. What is prohibited in Red Zone?

Inside containment zones, all activities except supply of essential commodities is
prohibited in lock down 3.0. Even OPDs and medical clinics are to remain closed in these
regions
3. What is allowed in red zone?
4. Urban Areas
The Lock Down 3.0 allows movement of people and vehicles. The other activities that are
included in the red zone includes
5. Rural Areas
 Agricultural, plantation and animal husbandry activities
 Industrial and Construction activities
 Financial sectors
 Warehouses, public utilities, postal services and courier services.
6. Orange Zone
In Orange Zone, inter and intra district buses that are permitted by Ministry of Home
Affairs will begin their services.
7. Green Zone
All activities are allowed in green zone. The buses in green zones shall operate with 50%
capacity.
30. Second Installment of Rs 500 deposited under Pradhan Mantri Garib

Kalyan Yojana
The Government of India recently approved the second installment of Rs 500 under
Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana.
1. Highlights
Under Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana, Rs 500 was to be provided in three
installments. The second installment has been released under the scheme. More than 20
crore women were benefitted when the first installment was released. The Government
had also announced a date plan for the beneficiaries to maintain social distancing in the
banks.
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2. Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana
The amount was credited to accounts that were registered under Pradhan Mantri Jan
Dhan Yojana. The Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana is a financial inclusion programme
that was launched in 2014. Around 15 million bank accounts were opened on the launch
of the programme.
3. Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Ann Yojana

The GoI had launched the Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Ann Yojana under which Rs 1.7
lakh crore was allocated to fight COVID-19 and help people during lock down. Under the
scheme the following were announced
31. Bharat Market: National E-Commerce Marketplace launched by CAIT
A National E-Commerce Market place was launched by Confederation of All India Traders
(CAIT) called “Bharat Market”.
1. Highlights
The e-commerce market place will integrate the capabilities of technology companies in
order to provide end to end services. The portal will include participation of retailers and
aims to bring 95% of retail traders into the platform. It will mainly focus on technology
companies to provide end to end services.
2. Measures by GoI
The government of India has taken several measures to develop e-commerce market in
the country. Recently, around 200 mandis were added to the E-NAM platform. Today
there are around 785 mandis operating under the platform. E-Nam is the National
Agricultural Market that was launched in 2016.
3. E-commerce Policy
The Draft E-Commerce Policy had been released by Department for Promotion of
Industry and Internal Trade. The policy aims to address issues of data privacy and
consumer protection. The policy also focuses on individual rights over holding data. It
restricts cross-border data flow.
32. USFDA approves emergency use of an investigational vaccine,

Remdesivir
The United States Food and Drug Regulatory body recently allowed emergency use of
anti-viral investigational vaccine Remdesivir to treat COVID-19 patients.
1. Highlights
The USFDA has approved the vaccine after an Indian-American physician, Aruna
Subramaninan’s report on Remdesivir. According to the report, the vaccine shortened
the recovery times of people that have fallen ill due to COVID-19 virus. The FDA has
provided emergency use authorization of the drug.
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2. Remdesivir
Remdesivir was developed to treat Ebola virus and Marburg virus. However, it was found
to be ineffective in treating these diseases.
3. Emergency Use Authorization

The Emergency Use Authorization in the United States to approve drugs during
emergency. Earlier, the US FDA had approved use of diagnostic and therapeutic tools to
identify and respond 2009 swine flu outbreak.
4. Remdesivir trial by WHO

WHO had launched 4 mega trials to treat COVID-19. It includes Remdesivir, HCQ
(Hydroxychloroquine), combination of Lopinavir and Ritonavir and Interferon-beta along
with the combination of Lopinavir and Ritonavir.
33. eCovSens developed by National Institute of Animal Biotechnology
The scientists in National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Hyderabad have

developed a biosensor called the eCovSens. The sensor is used to detect COVID-19 virus
in saliva samples.
1. Highlights
The researchers from NIAB have developed non-invasive bio-sensor testing device called
eCovSens to detect COVID-19. The lens can help detect COVID-19 virus within 10 to 30
seconds of testing.
2. Working of the Sensor

The electrode of the device is coated with the antibody of COVID-19 virus. When the
saliva sample of the infected person is put in the device, it gets applied to the electrode.
A reaction then occurs between the antibody in the electrode and the antigen in the
saliva. The reaction creates an electric flow that confirms the presence of the virus.
3. National Institute of Animal Biotechnology

The National Institute of Animal Biotechnology was established in 2010. It was
established by Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology. The
institute aims to provide translational research that involves livestock and beneficial to
mankind.
4. Significance
The Government of India is currently facing various challenges such as shortage of
testing kits, lack of adequate testing, etc. Several states had complained that the rapid
antibody test kits imported from China were faulty. Therefore, implementing these
technologies in larger scale will help solve the challenges faced by the Government.
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34. What is COVID Toe?
The British Journal of Dermatology Researchers have so far observed 5 clinical patterns
of the COVID-19 cases. One such is COVID Toe. COVID Toe is a kind of rash that is being
developed in COVID-19 patients.
1. COVID Toe
According to the study, COVID Toe was observed in 19% of patients infected with COVID-
19. The dermatologists call the red rashes as Pseudo-Chilblain lesions. They are small
red and itchy patches that occur on the fingers and toes when exposed to cold.
2. Chilblains
Chilblains occur due to inflammation of blood vessels and response to repeated
exposure of cold air. It usually goes away in one or three weeks. However, this was not
the case with Chilblains like patches due to COVID-19.
3. Five Clinical Patterns Observed

According to the study, five clinical patterns were observed in patients with COVID-19
infection. They are as follows
35. India to attend NAM Summit
On May 4, 2020, PM Modi will attend the NAM Summit representing India through a video
conference. The Summit is to discuss COVID-19 challenges and solutions.
1. Highlights
This is the first NAM Summit being attended by the Mr Modi since he was sworn in as the
Prime Minister in 2014. Mr Modi both the summits as PM in 2016 and 2019. The 2016
summit was held in Venezuels and 2019 in Azerbaijan.
2. NAM Summits
The NAM is Non-Aligned Movement forum of 120 developing countries. After the United
Nations, NAM is the largest grouping of states. The summit was agreed to convene at
the Bandung Conference in 1955.
3. Principles of NAM
The five major principles of NAM include mutual respect, mutual non-aggression,
equality and mutual benefit, mutual non-interference in domestic affairs and peaceful
coexistence.
36. African Swine Flu in Assam
On May 3, 2020, the Assam Government confirmed that more than 2,500 pigs in 306
villages were killed due to African Swine Flu in Assam. There was no relevance brought
with COVID-19.
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1. Highlights
The reason of death of the pigs were confirmed as African Swine Flu by the National
Institute of High Security Animal Diseases (NIHSAD) of Bhopal. According to 2019
census, the pig population in Assam was 21 lakhs.
2. Legislation
Though, there are acts to protect animals such as Wildlife (Protection) act and
Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960, there is no legislation or rules on culling of
animals. Animal Culling is done based on order passed by the central government.
3. Culling on Vermin
When an animal is classified as “vermin” by the Central Government, the protection over
the animal under the Wildlife Protection Act is removed. Vermin are wild animals that are
believed to be harmful. When as species is declared vermin, it can be culled or hunted
without restriction
4. African Swine Flu

The African Swine Flu is a double-stranded DNA virus and is a causative agent of African
Swine fever. It infects pigs, warthogs and its natural hosts.
37. Bamboo Conclave held through video Conference
The Minister of State for North East Development held Bamboo Conclave through video
conference to boost the economy of the country with the help of Bamboo resources.
1. Highlights
The Ministers of Agriculture and minister of development of North East participated in
the conference. The making of Agarbatti and increasing its production was one of the
key discussions of the conclave. The total requirement of Agarbatti in India is 2,30,000
per year. The market value of total consumption is Rs 5,000 crore. However, still India is
importing Agarbatti from countries like Vietnam and China. The North Eastern Region
can help India in becoming self sufficient in the area in the post-COVID era.
2. Significance
North East region of India consists of 60% of bamboo reserves of the country. In the past
six years, the GoI has given equal importance to the bamboo sector as that of the north
east development. Also, The National Bamboo Mission was launched.
3. National Bamboo Mission

The restructures Bamboo mission was approved in 2018 and implemented in 2019-20.
The mission is being implemented in non-forest Government lands. It aims to provide
supplement farm incomes to farmers. Apart from the North Eastern States, the mission
was launched in Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka,
Odisha, Bihar, Uttarakhand, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
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38. Arogya Setu Mitr launched
Under the public-private partnership, the initiative called Arogya Setu Mitr was launched.
The feature is to be available in the Arogya Setu application. It is offer free COVID-19
related consultation.
1. Highlights
In partnership with the Tech Mahindra, Tata Group and Swasth the Arogya Setu Mitr was
launched. It will offer free online consultation to COVID-19 with the data provided by the
three private sector firms and government entities.
2. Key Features
The initiative includes free tele-consultation to those who have COVID-19 like symptoms.
It will also provide ancillary services at market rates. This includes home collection of
samples, medicine delivery, etc.
3. Arogya Setu
The Arogya Setu application was launched to achieve contact tracing of COVID-19. The
application helps to track people infected by the virus. It uses GPS and Bluetooth
features in smart phones in order to achieve this. It was developed by the National
Informatics Centre (NIC).
39. Draft Guidelines issued for Satellite TV channels
The Ministry of Information and Broadcasting has issued draft guidelines for satellite TV
channels.
1. Highlights
The Ministry has listed 11 violation under the guidelines. It includes delay in intimating
the ministry about the change in shareholding pattern of the company, appointing a
director without the permission of the ministry, not removing a director who has been
denied with security clearance, showing logo that is not permitted by the ministry, etc.
2. Key Features
According to the guidelines, the channels need not get clearance ever year. Also, the
permits will be provided to the Indian teleports for up linking foreign channels to
increase their business. For now, the channels registered under ‘news’ category are
allowed to make live telecasts. The rest of the channels have to get permission from the
ministry to telecast live events. However, under the guidelines, these non-news channels
are allowed to live telecast after registering themselves under “Broadcast seva”.
3. C band and Ku band

The Ku band uses frequencies between 12 GHz and 19 GHz. The C band uses radio
frequency between 4 GHz and 8 GHz.
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40. Saras Collection launched on the Government E-Marketplace portal,
GeM
On May 4, 2020, the Union Ministry of Rural Development and Panchayati Raj launched
the “The Saras Collection” on the GeM (Government E Marketplace) platform. The Saras
Collection aims to promote daily utilities made by self-help groups.
1. Highlights
The initiative is a joint effort of the Ministry of rural development, GeM and Deen Dayal
Antyodaya Yojana-National Rural Livelihood Mission (DAY-NRLM). Under the initiative,
the SHGs (Self Help Groups) will list their products in 5 different categories namely office
accessories, handicrafts, handloom and textiles, grocery and pantry and personal care
and hygiene.
2. Key Features
The GeM under the initiative has provided a dashboard at national, state, district and
block level in order to provide real time information about the products that are being
uploaded by the SHGs.
3. GeM
The GeM is a government owned portal that was set up as National Public Procurement
Portal in order to procure goods and services that are required by the central and state
governments. The platform helps to reduce human intervention.
41. UV Blaster: Disinfection Tower developed by DRDO
The Defence Research and Development Organization has developed Ultra Violet
Disinfection Tower for chemical free and rapid disinfection. The tower is to be highly
helpful in high infection prone areas.
1. Highlights
The equipment named UV Blaster is a UV based sanitizer that was designed and
developed by DRDO. It is highly helpful for disinfecting high tech surfaces such as
computers, electronic equipment and other gadgets. UV Blaster is helpful in offices
where chemical methods may not be suitable.
2. Working
The UV Disinfection tower can be operated through mobile phone or laptop remotely.
There are six lamps each of 43 watts. The lamps emit Ultra Violet light of wavelength
254 nm in 360 degrees of illumination. The tower will switch off during human
intervention or accidental opening of the room. The device also provides arm operation.
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3. DRDO and COVID
The DRDO has been developing several new technologies and products to help in
disinfection, sample collection, cost effective personal protective equipment. Several of
these technologies were transferred to private sector companies. Recently DRDO
developed ATULYA, a microwave sterilizer to help disinfecting COVID-19. DRDO had also
developed a kiosk for COVID-19 sample collection.
42. May 4: International Firefighters Day
Every year, International Firefighters Day is observed on May 4.
1. Highlights
The day is commemorated to recognize the sacrifices of firefighters. Also, the day
creates awareness to make sure the environment and communities are as safe as
possible.
2. Why May 4?
The International Fire Fighters Day is celebrated on May 4 as it is also Saint Florian’s
Day. Saint Florian was one of the commanding firefighters of Roman battalion. He saved
several lives and is considered as patron saint of firefighters. He saved a complete
burning village in ancient Rome.
3. Saint Florian
Saint Florian was born in 250 AD in ancient Rome. He joined the Roman army and
advanced in ranks to become a commander of the army in the Roman province. He
organized and raised a group of soldiers whose duty was to fight fires.
4. Symbol of Firefighters Day

The symbol of fire fighters’ day consists of red and blue coloured ribbon. The red colour
in the ribbon symbolizes fire and blue colour symbolizes water.
May 5, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
43. GoI completes integrating Cold Chain Projects
On May 5, 2020, the Ministry of Food Processing held video conference to discuss about
the completion of the integration of cold projects in the country. The promoters of the
project were the main participants of the conference.
1. Highlights
Over 38 cold chain project promoters participated in the conference. The promoters
shared their challenges and experiences on completing the projects. The challenges in
running the cold chain projects during lock down were also discussed.
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2. Challenges
The main challenge that was faced by almost all the promoters was piling up of stocks.
The stocks of frozen vegetables and diary products piled up as their traditional markets
such as hotels, restaurants and banquets were all closed due to lock down.
3. Discussions
The discussions were also held on impact of lock down on operations, raw material
availability and high cost, labour and logistics issues, liquidity crisis, high inventory
costs.
4. Cold Chain Scheme

The Cold Chain Scheme aims at value addition and preservation infrastructure to provide
integrated cold chain. The integrated cold chain project was set under the scheme in
partnership with Self Help Groups, Cooperatives, Corporations, Companies, Farmer
Producer Organizations, PSUs, NGOs, etc.
44. Smart City Programme: Control rooms in 50 cities for Lock Down 3.0
On May 4, 2020, the Government of India implemented phase III of COVID-9 lock down.
With the third lock down relaxing restrictions all over the country, major cities are still
vulnerable to the spread of the virus. Hence, to fight the virus more efficiently and
maintain a routine life, control rooms have been set up in smart cities.
1. About the control Rooms

The Control rooms have been designed by the private firm Honeywell. The rooms have
sophisticated monitoring system. It uses artificial intelligence and camera feeds to
monitor the city. The rooms help in generating clear report that will help the authorities
to assess the effectiveness of the lock down.
2. Lock Down 3.0

In Lock Down 3.0, over 130 red regions have been put under red zone. Alongside, 284
orange zones and 319 green zones have been specified. The regions have been sorted
based on the cumulative cases and the doubling rate of the virus. Green Zones are those
regions that have no confirmed cases in the past 21 days. Red zones are those regions
where the number cases doubled. These regions require testing, surveillance feedback.
3. Need
The cities, especially the metropolitans have become the nerve centres of the virus. On
the other hand, they hold the key to economic revival as well. Also, they are the
manufacturing hubs. When these cities come to standstill, human lives are greatly
affected and so is the economy. Therefore, there is a need to focus both on lives and
livelihood.
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45. West Bengal Red Flagged by the Inter-Ministerial Team
The Government of India had set up 10 Inter Ministerial Teams to visit districts in states
such as Maharashtra, West Bengal, Rajasthan, Telangana, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu and
Madhya Pradesh. The team that had visited West Bengal has now submitted its report.
1. Highlights
According to the report, the state had the highest mortality rate of 12.8% among COVID-
19 patients. The report said that West Bengal has changed its protocol since April 30
that had reflected in death certificates and daily statistics.
2. Death Certificate in India

The Death Certificate in India is a document issued by medical practitioner that declares
date, location, and cause of a person’s death.
3. Legislation
The birth and death certificates are issued in India under the Registration of Births and
Deaths Act, 1969. Under the act, the Central Government shall appoint Registrar General
of India. He issues directions regarding the registration of births and deaths.

Though the state governments had rights to issue death certificates, the centre had
passed orders to report such issuances to it. The state of West Bengal failed to do so
according to the report. As COVID-19 has now been made a “notified disaster”,
according to Disaster Management Act, the states will certainly have to follow the orders
of centre, though they have their own powers.
46. Indian American appointed as US representative to IBRD
On May 5, 2020, the US President Donald Trump had nominated Indian American Ashok
Michael Pinto as the US representative to IBRD (International Bank of Reconstruction and
Development).
1. Highlights
Mr Pinto replaced Erik Bethel. Mr Bethel resigned from the post. Pinto was serving the
Counselor to Under Secretary for International Affairs in the department of treasury of
the US. It is to be noted that Mr Pinto was a special assistant to President George W
Bush.
2. International Bank of Reconstruction and Development

The IBRD is an international financial institution that was established in 1944. The
headquarters of the bank is located in Washington D C. The bank offers loans to middle
income developing countries. It is one of the five member institutions that compose the
world bank.
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3. Five member institutions
The Five major member institutions that make up the World Bank include IBRD,
Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), International Development
Association (IDA), International Finance Corporation (IFC) and International Centre for
Settlement of Investment Disputes
4. International Development Association

The International Development Association was established as a member in 1960.
Generally, the IBRD and IDA are collectively called the World Bank. This is because, the
other associations and institutions have relatively lesser importance.
47. “Special Corona Fee” imposed on Liquor by Delhi Government
On May 4, 2020, the third phase of lock down began in India. Under the third phase, the
liquor shops were opened in selected regions with certain restrictions.
1. Highlights
With the liquor shops opening after a long gap, there were long queues at store all over
the country. The Delhi Government acted swiftly on the same day evening, imposing
70% hike in liquor prices. The State Government has taken the step in spite of the fact
that liquor revenue is one of the major sources of revenue of state government.
2. How does Liquor contribute to state revenue?

Except for the states of Gujarat and Bihar, where sale of liquor has been banned, liquor
contributes certain amount to the exchequers of all other state and union territories. The
states in general impose heavy excise duty on liquor. For instance, the state of Tamil
Nadu imposes VAT (Value Added Tax) on liquor. Uttar Pradesh imposes “special duty on
liquor” and uses the funds collected to maintain stray cattle.
3. RBI Report on Liquor revenue

According to the report of Reserve Bank of India called State Finances: A study of
Budgets of 2019-20, the excise duty on alcohol accounts to 10% to 15% of the state
revenue of majority of the states. It is the second or third largest contributor. This was
the main reason the state governments wanted liquor to be kept out of GST.
4. Earnings
The RBI report says that in 2019-20, all the states together had earned Rs 1,75,501
crores. This was 16% higher than that of 2018-19.
5. State Excise
The State Excise is levied on liquor. It includes country spirits, fermented liquor, foreign
liquor, malt liquor, denatured spirits, medicated wines, toilet preparations containing
alcohol, etc.
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48. Global Report on Food Crisis, 2020
The Global Report on Food Crisis, 2020 was released by the Global Network against Food
Crisis. The report says that around 135 million people are living under food crisis.
1. Highlights
According to the report, the numbers have increased. In 2019, the number of people
living under food crisis were 113 million. Yemen was the at the top, with 15.9 million
people under food crisis. This was 53% of population of the country.

Over 75 million children were reported to be stunted and they were spread across 55
food crisis countries. As 2019, conflict and insecurity were the main drivers of food crisis
in 2020 as well. Africa had the largest number of food insecure people in the world.
3. Global Network against Food Crisis

The Global Network against food crisis was an initiative that was launched by European
Union, World Food Programme, and Food and Agriculture Organization. The network
aims at delivering and formulating nutrition and food security in food crisis. It works
towards achieving zero hunger goal. Zero Hunger Goal is one of the Sustainable
Development Agenda, 2030.
49. What is Corona Virus Copy Machine?
After COVID-19 virus invades a human cell, it begins to replicate or copy itself. In order
to achieve this, the virus uses its enzyme called “copy machine”. With the enzyme the
virus creates its copies after copies.
1. Working
The COVID-19, as soon as it enters a human cell, binds to the human cell enzyme. The
binding is done by the spike like proteins on the virus called the corona.
2. What does the 3D model say?

The 3D structure invented by the researchers found that the COVID-19 virus is similar to
that of the SARS virus.
3. Significance
The research will help in bringing the efficacy of the drug “Remdesivir”. Remdesivir is
one of the drugs that help in blocking polymerase. The drug is under trial of WHO.
4. WHO Trials
WHO has been working on four major trials. They are Remdesivir, Hydroxychloroquine,
Lopinavir and Ritonavir and the combination of Lopinavir and Ritonavir along with
Interferon-beta.
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50. Commonwealth Youth Games postponed to 2023
The 2021 Commonwealth Youth Games is being postponed to 2023 as it faced clash of
dates with the Tokyo Olympics. The Tokyo Olympics that was scheduled to be held from
July 23 to August 8, 2020, was postponed by a year.
1. Highlights
The decision was taken by the Commonwealth Games Federation Executive Board. The
17th Commonwealth youth games were to be held between August 1 and August 7,
2021 in Tobago and Trinidad.
2. Commonwealth Youth Games

The Commonwealth Youth Games is an international sport event that is organized by the
Commonwealth Games Federation. The first commonwealth games were held in
Edinburgh, Scotland. The Commonwealth games is being conducted since 2000. It was
then conducted in 2004, 2008, 2011, 2015 and 2017. The 2008 Commonwealth youth
games were conducted in Pune, India.
3. Commonwealth Games Federation

The Federation was formed in 1932. It is the foremost authority that frames rules for the
commonwealth games. After the success of the first British Empire Games that was held
in Canada in 1930, it was decided that games similar to that of Olympics should be
conducted every four years.
51. Israel isolates key antibody of COVID-19
The Israel Institute of Biological Research has isolated the key COVID-19 antibody. The
“monoclonal neutralizing antibody” developed by the institute is reported to neutralize
COVID-19 virus inside the infected person.
1. Highlights
The scientists believe that the antibody can possibly be the antidote that can be used in
the treatment of COVID-19. The antibody is called monoclonal as it was isolated from a
single recovered cell. The monoclonal antibodies have greater potent values in treating
the disease. Till now, the antibodies that have been isolated are polyclonal. Polyclonal is
isolating anti bodies from several recovered cells. This is the first time, the antibodies of
COVID-19 are isolated from monoclonal antibodies.
2. Background
Israel so far has 16,246 COVID-19 cases. This includes 235 fatalities and 10,064
recoveries. It was one of the first countries to close international borders.
3. Antibodies
Antibodies are proteins naturally produced in human bodies in order to respond the
foreign particles that invade human bodies. The antibodies are specific to the invader.
The concept is used to test COVID-19 as well.
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4. Antibody Test of COVID-19
The antibodies present in blood samples of a person indicate that at some point of time
he was exposed to the virus. This concept is used to detect the presence of the virus.
India has adopted rapid anti body testing for surveillance purpose. However, it is still
using RT-PCR to confirm the virus. The RT-PCR takes 4 to 5 hours to produce results.
52. EPFO Scheme: Rs 764 crore released to the pensioners
On May 5, 2020, the Employees Provident Fund Organization has released Rs 764 crores
to the pensioners.
1. Highlights
Around 135 field offices of the scheme processed the payment. This has been done in
advance to avoid inconvenience of the pensioners during lock down. The bank branches
all over the country have been directed to make sure the pension is credited on time.
2. EPFO
The EPFO is Employment Provident Fund Organization. It was established under the act
EPF and Miscellaneous Provision Act, 1952. The EPFO scheme is implemented by the
Ministry of Labour and Employment.
3. EPFO Scheme, 1952

It was the first EPFO scheme launched by GoI. It paid the labourers accumulated amount
and interest upon death and retirement. It allowed partial withdrawals for marriage,
education, house construction and illness.
4. EPF Scheme 1995

The scheme benefitted disabled survivors that faced accidents during duty, widower and
children.
5. Social Security Code Bill, 2019

The bill was introduced in 2019 to reduce employee contribution to Provident Fund. The
PF has two components namely Employees part and employers’ part. The employees
part currently stands at 12% of the basic salary. The bill intends to provide an option to
the employees to reduce their contribution.
53. May 5: World Asthma Day
Every year, on May 5, World Asthma Day is organized by Global Initiative for Asthma. It
aims to increase awareness about asthma. The day is observed on first Tuesday of May
every year. The World Asthma Day is observed under the theme
1. Need
According to the WHO, around 235 million people are suffering from asthma all over the
world. It is one of the non-communicable disease. Asthma is the most common disease
in children.
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2. Global Initiative for asthma
The Global Initiative for asthma was launched in 1993 under the collaboration of World
Health Organization, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung and Blood
Institute. It provides medical guidelines under which public health officials and health
workers spread all over the world.
3. Asthma in India
In India around 6% of children and 2% of adults are affected due to asthma. In India
Asthma is under treated and under diagnosed.
4. History
The first World Asthma Day was celebrated in 1998 in more than 35 countries. The first
World Asthma Day was celebrated in conjunction with the World Asthma Meeting in
Spain and Barcelona.
54. First Arktika-M satellite to be launched by Russia
Russia is to launch first Arktika-M satellite by December 2020 from Baikonur space. The
satellite is to be used to monitor Arctic climate and environment.
1. Highlights
Russia is to launch series of Arktika satellites. The second Arktika satellite is still under
development and is to be launched by 2023. The data to be collected by these satellites
will help in gathering meteorological data from the polar regions of the earth. The data
collected by these satellites will help in improving weather forecasts and will enable
scientists to study climate change.
2. Significance
The Satellites help in studying climate changes in the polar region and also help in
detecting resources in the polar region. The Arctic region resources have been at the
centre of controversy and pose potential threats of conflicts between nations. Without
the ice, the oceans will begin to absorb more radiation.
3. Why is Climate Change Study in Polar important?

The polar ice is depleting at faster rate. The Depleting ice releases methane and
contribute to climate change as a whole. The ice in the polar region reflects incoming
solar radiation. This will cause heating up of water leading to ocean acidification. Also,
ocean will begin to absorb more heat increasing global warming.
May 6, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
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55. Operation “Samudra Setu” launched by Indian Navy
On May 5, 2020, the Indian Navy launched Operation “Samudra Setu” to bring back the
Indians that are stranded in Maldives. They are stranded in the foreign land due to the
grounding of airlines.
1. Highlights
The Indian ships Jalashwa and Magar are being sent to the port of Male, Maldives. The
plan is to bring around 1000 persons during the first trip. The list of Indians to be
evacuated from the Maldives is being prepared by the Indian Mission in the Republic of
Maldives.

After evacuation, these people from Maldives are to be kept in quarantine at Kochi.
3. INS Jalashwa
INS Jalashwa was formerly known USS Trenton. The USS Trenton was bought from the
Unites States in 2006. The ship was renamed as INS Jalashwa after the purchase.
Jalashwa in Sanskrit means “Hippopotamus”. INS Jalashwa is an amphibious warfare
ship.
4. What is an amphibious ship?

An amphibious warfare ship is an amphibious vehicle warship that is employed to land
and support ground forces.
5. Significance of Amphibious Assault Ships

In 2018, the Government of India initiated Rs 20,000 crore project. Under the project,
four amphibious ships are to be built in India. Each of these ships weigh 30,000 tonnes.
After INS Vikrant, these four ships will be the largest to be built in the country.
56. Portal GARUD launched by DGCA
The Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) operating under Ministry of Civil
Aviation launched “GARUD” Portal. GARUD is Government Authorisation for Relief Using
Drones.
1. Highlights
The GARUD portal will assist state entities to obtain exemptions from central
government to operate drones for COVID-19 purposes. The portal is important as several
state entities are deploying drones to disinfect public places. Especially, the smart cities
are employing drones to spray disinfectants on the roads and other public places.
2. Start Ups
Several startups in India are coming up with new technologies using drones to spray
disinfectants and sanitizers. For instance, the Garuda Aerospace startup has invented
“Corona Killer” drone to spray disinfectants on buildings that are 450 feet high.
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3. Growth Rate
Several World Financial Organizations have projected declining growth rate of India. The
World Bank expects Indian economy to grow at 1.5% to 2.8%. The IMF predicted growth
rate of the country to be 1.9%. The Fitch ratings cut India’s growth rate to 2%.
57. NITI Aayog launches “Nana Nani Abhiyan”
On May 5, 2020, NITI Aayog along with Primal Foundation launched Surakshit Dada-Dadi
and Nana-Nani Abhiyan. The scheme focuses to ensure the wellbeing of the senior
citizens.
1. Highlights
The campaign targets to reach 2.9 million senior citizens that are spread in 25
Aspirational Districts. The districts are spread in Jharkhand, Bihar, Assam, Madhya
Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh.
2. Aspirational Districts
The Aspirational District Programme was launched by PM Modi. Aspirational Districts are
those districts in the country that are affected by poor socio-economic factors. Around
115 districts were identified from 28 states under the programme. The main principles of
the programme is convergence, collaboration and competition.
3. Why does the campaign focus Senior Citizens of Aspirational Districts?

India is among the leading economies in the world that is working hard to become a 5
trillion USD economy by 2024-25. However, the quality life of its citizens is not
consistent to its growth. According to United Nations Human Development Index, 2019,
India ranks 129. Therefore, it is essential to focus more on transformational programmes
such as Aspirational Districts.
58. 3 Schemes launched by Jharkhand to increase MNREGA working days
On May 5, 2020, the Jharkhand Government launched three schemes to increase

working hours of MNREGA workers. The schemes will help generate more than 25 crore
man days and help workers earn more wages.
1. The Schemes
The schemes were launched by the Jharkhand CM Hemant Soren. The schemes are as
follows
2. Birsa Harit Gram Yojana

Under the scheme, fruit bearing plantations are to be planted on either side of the roads.
This will help the villagers earn an annual income of Rs 50,000 after three years.
Meanwhile, during the plantation and growing phase, the MNREGA would support them.
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3. Nilamber-Pitamber Jal Samridhi Yojana
The aim of the scheme is to increase ground water. It intends to create 5 lakh crore litres
of ground water reserve. This will help in cultivation of waste lands.
4. Why MNREGA?
With the migrants returning to their home, the population in the rural areas has
exploded. And, so did unemployment among rural labourers. Of the overall migrated
population, majority were from unorganized sector. Therefore, the GoI under its Pradhan
Mantri Garib Kalyan Ann yojana increased MNREGA wages from Rs 182 to Rs 202.
59. “Nigah” Scheme to be launched by Himachal Pradesh Government
The Himachal Pradesh Government is to launch a new programme called “Nigah”. The
programme aims at educating family members that are coming from other parts of the
country.
1. Highlights
The Nigah Programme is to deploy ASHA, anganwadi and health workers to create
awareness about maintaining social distancing during home quarantine. Under the
programme the health workers will sensitize the members of the family that are arriving
from other states.
2. Significance
The GoI had recently launched train and bus facilities for the migrants stranded in
different states to reach their home town. Disinfectants were sprayed on them during
their stay in quarantine camps. Also, strict social distancing was followed during their
stay. However, they were not tested for COVID-19 infections.
3. ASHA
ASHA is Accredited Social Health Activist. ASHA workers are trained female community
health activist. These women are selected from the community where they are to be
employed. The ASHA scheme is presently implemented in 33 states except Goa,
Puducherry and Chandigarh.
60. Russia awards North Korean Leader Kim Jong Un a commemorative

war medal
On May 5, 2020, the Russian President Vladimir Putin awarded the North Korean leader a
commemorative war medal. The medal has been awarded to mark the 75th anniversary
of victory over Nazi
1. Highlights
The award was received by North Korean Foreign Minister Ri-Son-Gwon on behalf of Kim.
Kim was awarded with the medal for preserving the memory of soviet soldiers that died
during World War II in the North Korean territory.
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2. Russia-North Korea
In 1948, diplomatic relations were established between Soviet Union and North Korea.
During Korean War, the Soviet military forces supported Korean People’s Army. North
Korea was established as communist bloc gaining maximum support from Russia.
3. History of North Korea

The beginning of history of North Korea dates to the end of World War II. After the
Japanese surrendered, Soviet Union and USA agreed to split Korea as North Korea and
South Korea. The North Korea aligned with Soviet and formed Democratic People’s
republic of Korea. The South Korea aligned with western allies and formed Republic of
Korea.
4. Irritants between the countries

Though the trade relations and military relations between Russia and North Korea is on
the good will, Russia has been lately condemning Nuclear aspirations of North Korea. In
2016, following nuclear tests of North Korea, Russia supported decisions of United
Nations Security council.
61. CMIE: Unemployment rate climbs to 27.1%
On May 5, 2020, the Centre for Monitoring of Indian Economy released unemployment
data. According to the data, 121.5 million are without works.
1. Highlights
The data says that 91,3 million daily wage labourers were out of their jobs due to COVID-
19 crisis. Also, 18.2 million entrepreneurs are without work as there are lack of
labourers. Around 17.8 million salaried workers are also affected due to COVID-19.
2. Key findings
The report generated by CMIE had the following findings
3. Farming Sector
Among all the activities, farming was performing good as it was exempted from lock
down. Around 5.8 million farmers returned to work after April 20, 2020. Also, the Food
Corporation of India (FCI) and the National Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation
of India (NAFED) were engaged in their fullest to procure the rabi crops. This included
rice, wheat, pulses and cotton.
62. “Lost At Home”: A Report released by UNICEF
On May 5, 2020, the UNICEF released its report called “Lost at Home”. The report
enforces the risks and challenges of internally displaced children and the need to protect
them.
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According to the report, at the end of 2019, around 46 million people were internally
displaced due to conflict and violence. Among them, every four out of 10 were children,
which is 19 million children.
2. Region Wise
The highest number of children that were displaced were in Middle East and North Africa
(MENA). Around 12 million children were displaced in 2019 alone in MENA due to
violence. The regions where the displacement of children were high includes west and
central Africa, eastern and southern Africa, Latin America and Caribbean, Eastern Europe
and Central Asia, South Asia, East Asia and Pacific and Western Europe.
3. Three Major Countries

The three major countries that accounted to more than half of persons displaced due to
conflict and violence are Syrian Arab Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo and
Yemen.
4. Displacements due to Natural Disasters

In 2019, around 25 million were displaced due to natural disasters. The natural disaster
led disasters were high in India, China, Bangladesh, Philippines. These countries
accounted to 65% of global natural disaster-based displacement.
5. India
In India, according to the report, the displacements were mainly due to disasters. Around
5 million were displaced in India in 2019 due to natural disasters. This mainly includes
floods and storms.
63. Indian American nominated as OECD Envoy by the US President

Trump
On May 6, 2020, the US President Donald Trump appointed Indian American Diplomat
Manisha Singh as his envoy to OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development).
1. Highlights
Manisha Singh was the secretary of State for Economic and Business Affairs. She will
now act as US representative to OECD. She had also served as secretary of economic
growth, environment and energy.
2. OECD
OECD is Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). It was
founded in 1961 to improve world trade and stimulate global economic progress. India is
not a member of OECD.
3. Why is India not a member of OECD?

According to OECD, India is still a developing country. The organization has been formed
by the developed countries. India still has to accede the demands and standards set by
the organization.
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64. Corona Virus Global Response International Pledging Conference

held
On May 5, 2020, around 40 countries took part on an online summit called Global
Response International Pledging Conference.
1. Highlights
The Conference was initiated by European Union. US and Russia did not take part in the
conference. China where the virus originated was represented by its ambassador.
2. Funds
The European Union pledged to donate 1 billion USD. France made its contribution of
500 million USD. Saudi Arabia and Germany each pledged to raise 500 million USD.
Japan had pledged more than 800 million USD.
3. Hosts of the Conference

The Conference was initiated by the European Union. Along with the European Union, the
other countries that co-hosted the conference includes Canada, UK, France, Italy,
Germany, Norway, Japan and Saudi Arabia.
4. World Health Organization

The countries gave their support to WHO in its functioning. The support comes against
the criticisms made by US that WHO is China-centric.
65. Uttar Pradesh Government launches “Ayush Kavach” application
On May 5, 2020, the Uttar Pradesh Government launched Ayush Kavach application to
help people access prescriptions. These prescriptions will help the people to strengthen
their resistance through ancient practices Ayurveda and Yoga. The application aims to
boost the immunity of the people through Ayurveda medicines.
1. Highlights
The Ayush Kavach application is to provide health related information and also tips
about using ayurvedic medicines. The application was launched by the Chief Minister of
Uttar Pradesh Yogi Adityanath.
2. Significance
The application provides information about natural resources that help boost immunity.
The application was developed by the Ayush Department of Uttar Pradesh.
3. Kabasura Kudineer
The Kabasura Kudineer is usually recommended for respiratory ailments such as cold
and flu. It is a well-known Siddha medicine. It consists of 15 ingredients including ginger,
Clove, ajwain, etc.
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4. Other Recommendations
The other traditional medicines recommended by AYUSH includes Agastha Rasayanam,
Kooshbandha Rasayanam, Kandha Kashayam, Dasamoola Kathurayam, Rasayana
sikitcha and Viyagriyadhi Kashayam. These medicines were contributed by Ayurveda.
The Unani branch of AYUSH ministry had contributed Unnab, Behidana and Sapistan
medicines.
66. CCMB: Only centre pooling COVID-19 samples, To Culture virus in

human lung cell
In India, the Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad is the only
centre to pool samples of COVID-19 in the country. The CCMB has now collaborated with
Bengaluru based private company to take up a research activity.
1. Highlights
The collaboration is to grow COVID-19 virus in human cell lines. This will enable in-vitro
tests of vaccines and potential drugs against the virus. In order to achieve this the
collaboration is to use human lung epithelial cell culture system that was developed by
the private company.
2. About the research

The virus is to be cultured outside the host (human). During the culture, the
collaboration will test for the efficacy of drugs and vaccines against the virus. So far,
CCMB has been growing the virus on the cells that were collected from African Greek
Monkey.
3. Why in Human Lung Cell?

The Virus is said to affect the respiratory system of human body very badly. Hence, the
lung cells of all the cells are easily attacked by the virus. Hence, lung cells have been
chosen for the study.
4. Pooling
The CCMB is the only centre in India where the samples of COVID-19 are pooled. Pooling
of samples is collecting the virus samples. So far 9 mutations of COVID-19 have been
found. All such samples have been collected and stored at the centre.
67. New Agro MSME Policy to be implemented
The Government of India is to implement a new Agro MSME policy. The policy is to focus
entrepreneurship in rural, tribal, forest and agricultural areas.
1. Highlights
The Union Minister Nitin Gadkari recently announced that the central government is
working on agro MSME (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise) policy. It aims to encourage
manufacturing products with the help of locally available raw materials.
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2. Objectives of the new policy
The new policy will focus on the following things
May 7, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
68. May 7: “Vesak”, the Day of Full Moon
Vesak, the Day of Full Moon is the most sacred day to the Buddhists all over the world.
On this day, Lord Gautham Buddha attained enlightenment. The Day is commemorated
by the United Nations every year.
1. Highlights
The Day if being celebrated by the United Nations since 2000. The resolution to
celebrate the day was passed in 1999.
2. History
The decision to celebrate birthday of Buddha as Vesak Day was first formalized at the
World Fellowships of Buddhists conference that was held in Sri Lanka in 1950. The
conference was attended by Buddhist leaders from several countries.
69. IMD includes PoK and Gilgit-Baltistan
The Indian Meteorological Department has begun to include Jammu and Kashmir, Gilgit-
Baltistan, Ladakh and Muzaffarabad into its meteorological sub-division of Jammu and
Kashmir.
1. Highlights
The change has reflected in the daily forecast of north west India. The weather forecast
will be given for the entire sub-division of Jammu and Kashmir and not for specific areas.
2. Analysis
The change reflects the changed status of Ladakh. It also comes with underlying
message to the Pakistan Government. The change comes after Pakistan Government
decided to hold elections in Gilgit-Baltistan.
3. Current Scenario
In 2009, the then Pakistani President Asif Ali Zardari aimed to empower the people of
Gilgit-Baltistan region. Hence, he passed a self-governance order for the region.
According to the order, the region has a legislative assembly that implements self-rule in
the region.
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4. Legislation
The province Gilgit-Baltistan is governed by unicameral legislature with a legislative
assembly. The Chief Minister represents the people at the assemble. The region also has
a governor.
70. For the first time in India: More rural Internet users than Urban
The Internet and Mobile Association of India recently released a report according to
which the active internet users in rural India has increased by 10% as compared to that
of rural India. According to the report, rural India had 227 million active internet users
and urban India had 205 million internet users. This is the first time in Indian history the
number of rural internet users have surpassed urban internet users.
1. Key findings of the report

The report says that around 71 million kids between age 5 and 11 go online using
devices of their family members. India has also become the second largest internet user
after China. In India the number of active internet users of age 5 years and above is 504
million. In China, the number is around 850 million active users. In USA, there are 280 to
300 million users.
2. Internet usage in India

The female internet users were higher than that of the male internet users. The local
languages are gaining importance in the internet platform of India. Around 13 million of
the 22 million monthly page views are in local languages like Marathi, Hindi and Bengali.
71. BEE initiatives lead to Rs 89,122 crores
On May 6, 2020, the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy released report on “Impact
of Energy Efficiency Measures, 2018-19”. According to the report, energy initiatives of
BEE have helped to save Rs 89,122 crores.
1. Key Highlights
The report assessed annual savings of energy and carbon dioxide emissions. According
to the report, the energy efficiency schemes have helped to save 113 billion units of
electricity. This when converted to money, the scheme has helped save Rs 89, 122
crores.
2. Objective of the report

The report aimed to evaluate the performance and impact of the key energy efficiency
initiatives in the country. In the 2018-19 study, the report identified the following
programmes as the key energy efficiency programmes
3. India’s pledges at COP21

India at COP21 has pledged that the energy intensity of its economy will reduce by 33%
to 35% as compared to that of 2005. This is to be achieved by 2030. India has already
reduced its energy intensity by 20% as compared to 2005.
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72. Vandhe Bharat Mission: The Biggest Evacuation Exercise begins
On May 7, 2020, the Government of India is to begin “Vandhe Bharat Mission”. The
mission is considered as one of the biggest evacuation exercise.
1. Highlights
The Vandhe Bharat Mission aims at bringing stranded Indians from all over the world.
More than 14,800 Indians are stranded abroad. The mission also aims at operating non-
scheduled commercial flights. These commercial flights will carry people to London and
Singapore and also selected places in USA.
2. Operating Procedure of the mission

Under the mission, the people evacuated are to compulsorily download “Arogya Setu”
application. After returning to India, these people are to be kept under quarantine for 14
days.
3. History
The entire Vandhe Bharat Mission is to be led by Air India. The Air India in 1990 had
conducted similar mission. During the mission, around 111,711 Indians were air lifted
from the Gulf after Iraq invaded Kuwait.
73. Iran: New Currency introduced to tackle Inflation
The Iran Government has recently come up with the decision of changing the name of
the its currency to toman. The unit of Iranian currency if Rial. According to the Iranian
Government, one Toman is 10,000 rials.
1. Highlights
Gheran is another new denomination. 100 Gheran makes a Toman. The new system was
authorized by the Iranian Parliament recently to manage high inflation in the country. In
order to make Toman, the four zeros in the older currency notes are alone removed. Rial
will still remain legal.
2. Devaluation of the currency

The Iranian Currency faced devaluation during four major key points namely
74. GoI to launch Farmers’ Movement on Integrated Soil Nutrient

Management
On May 6, 2020, the Union Minister of Agriculture Shri Narendra Singh Tomar has called
for farmers’ movement to integrate soil nutrient management. The announcement was
made during progress review of Soil Health Programme.
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1. Highlights
The Farmer movement is to be launched by the Ministry of Agriculture. It will include soil
testing and campaigns addressing the importance of application of fertilizers based on
reports of soil testing. The movement will cover more than 1 lakh villages. It is to be
launched and implemented in 2020-21. The movement will also encourage youths to set
up soil testing labs in their villages. The women and members of SHGs will be
encouraged to support the movement.
2. Bharatiya Prakritik Krishi Padhati

The scheme aims to promote natural farming. It plans to cover 12 lakh hectares of land.
It is a centrally sponsored scheme.
3. Soil Health Programme

The soil health programme was launched in 2015. Under the scheme, soil cards are
provided to the farmers that report the soil quality. The cards provide nutrient status of
the soil and also information about the application of proper dosage of nutrients to
improve soil fertility.
75. Iraq new Prime Minister: Mustafa Al Kadhimi
Mustafa Al Kadhimi was chosen as the first Iraq Prime Minister after Adel Abdul Mahdi
resigned in November 2019. On May 7, 2020, Iraq parliament voted to choose Mustafa
Kadhimi as the new prime minister of Iraq.
1. Highlights
In November 2019, Adel Abdul Mahdi resigned due to massive anti-governmental
protests. Since then, it is Mustafa who has become the proper Iraq Prime Minister.
2. Al Kadhimi
Al Kadhimi does not belong to any political party. He was a former intelligence chief and
was nominated for the post of PM in April. He was nominated by the President of Iraq
Barham Salih.
3. Constitution of Iraq
The Constitution of Iraq came into force in 1925. It remained under effect till 1958. Later
several adoptions were made under the constitution in 1964, 1968 and 1970. The
current constitution was framed in 2005 by the Iraqi Governing Council that was selected
by the Coalition forces and the USA.
76. GOI launches three AYUSH based Researches
On May 6, 2020, the Ministry of AYUSH launched three studies related to COVID-19. The
researches will help in studying impacts of AYUSH based prophylactic interventions in
preventing COVID-19. (Prophylactic means intended to prevent diseases).
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1. Task Force
The interdisciplinary AYUSH R&D Task Force has framed a protocol for prophylactic
studies. The task force consists of experts from CSIR (Council of Scientific and Industrial
Research), Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of AYUSH, Ministry of Health and
Family Welfare.
2. Highlights of the studies

The studies are to be launched in the following
77. Long March 5B: China’s new Rocket launch successful
China had launched a new rocket and a deep-space spacecraft to operate a permanent
space station and also to send astronauts to moon.
1. Highlights
China launched the Long March 5B rocket from its Wenchang launch site that is located
on the island of Hainan. The rocket is a massive vehicle and is being compared with
deep space Orion capsule of NASA.

The rocket in the future will help China transport astronauts to space station by 2022.
The rocket launch will also aid China in its plans of building a huge space station called
“Tiangong”.
3. Tiangong
Tiangong is the space station programme of China. The programme is independent and
unconnected to other international space activities. In 2011, China launched its first
space laboratory called Tiangong-1. Later, in 2016, the second space laboratory was
launched called Tiangong-2.
4. US and China
The United States is the only country to have sent humans to moon. China on the other
hand has carried astronauts to space and has successfully landed a rover to the far side
of the moon in 2019. China is now set to land its rover on mars by the end of 2020.
78. India begins Clinical Trials of AYUSH medicines
On May 7, 2020, the Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare began clinical trials of
AYUSH medicines. The trials are to be conducted on voluntary health workers that are
working on the frontline of COVID-19.
1. Highlights
The Clinical trials of AYUSH medicines such as Ashwagandha, Guduchi, Yashitimadhu are
to be conducted on voluntary health workers. The trials are to be held in high risk zones
of the country.
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2. About the researches
The Ministry of AYUSH launched 3 researches to prevent the spread of COVID-19 and
also to control the disease. The first research will study about Ayurvedic drugs. Second
research will find AYUSH related solutions to ease and improve lives of people in high
risk areas. An application called “Sanjivani” was launched to learn about the acceptance
of people in using AYUSH as a cure to COVID-19.
3. Current Scenario
Today there are around 35,902 COVID-19 cases in the country. Among these, 16,758
have been discharged. Of all the states Maharashtra has the highest number of cases
followed by Gujarat and Delhi.
79. Vizag Gas Tragedy leaked Styrene Gas
Styrene Gas leaked from LG Polymers Plant in Vishakhapatnam. The tragedy claimed
eight lives.
1. What is a Styrene gas?

Styrene is a chemical compound identified as neuro-toxins. It is also known as Vinyl
Benzene, Ethyl Benzene and Phenyl Benzene. Styrene Gas is colourless and odourless.
The gas spreads in air very quickly.
2. Health Impacts
The Styrene gas affects respiratory system. It causes chest congestion, gasping, air
hunger and wheezing. It slowly paralyses the lung muscles causing complete respiratory
paralysis. This leads to death due to oxygen deprivation.
3. The Tragedy
The Styrene Gas leak from a South Korean electronics giant LG has claimed lives of at
least 11 people and affected more than 1000 residents. The plant was located about 15
km from the coastal city of Vizag.
May 8, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
80. UNEP: Actress Dia Mirza’s term as Goodwill Ambassador extended
On May 7, 2020, the United Nations Environment Programme extended the term of
actress Dia Mirza as the Goodwill ambassador of India till 2022. The actress is also
United Nations Sustainability Development Goal Advocate.
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1. About Goodwill Ambassadors
A Goodwill Ambassador in general is a person who supports global issue or specific
cause. The United Nations appoints goodwill ambassadors for its missions FAO, UNDP,
UNAIDS, UNEP, UNODC, UNFPA, UNHCR, UNICEF, UNESCO, UNIDO, WHO, WEP,
UNWOMEN, IMO, UN-Habitat, OHCR. Under the programme, UNICEF has the largest
number of ambassadors which is 300.
2. Payments
The Goodwill ambassadors are not paid under the UNEP. However, they will be provided
with a symbolic payment of 1 USD per year. They will also be provided travel allowances.
3. Role of a Good will Ambassador

Good will Ambassadors on the request of the United Nations will raise funds, engage in
public advocacy (like creating awareness, etc.). Their term of service is for 2 years.
4. Dia Mirza Contribution

Dia Mirza had taken active part in the campaign “Beat the Pollution”. She had also made
significant contributions towards World Environment Day celebrations, Circular fashions
and other UNEP campaigns.
81. ICAR prepared fisheries guidelines become part of FAO
On May 7, 2020, the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) released advisories to
fisheries sector in 12 languages. Apart from Hindi and English, advisories were issued in
10 regional languages.
1. Highlights
The advisories were prepared and issued by ICAR-CIFRI (Central Inland Fisheries
Research Institute), Barrackpore. It included rivers, reservoirs, estuaries, wetlands and
reservoirs. Apart from these, capture fisheries were also included.
2. FAO Global Guidelines

The advisories for fisheries sector have become part of FAO global guidelines. The Food
and Agriculture Organization has recommended the advisories prepared by the council
for the region of Asia and its initiatives. The guidelines have been made voluntary
guidelines for securing Sustainable small-scale fisheries.
3. Need
The advisories come as the fish workers, processors, fishermen and their communities
face threats of pandemic. This has been affecting their livelihoods and value chains.
4. How is COVID-19 affecting Fisheries sector?

The fishing activity has come to a halt. This was mainly because of labour shortage,
limited supplies of ice, gear and bait. As the markets are closed because of lock down
the fish farmers are not able to sell their harvest. The export species are equally
affected. The fisheries sector has also received major blow from the closure of food
services especially, the hotels and restaurants operating in tourism sector.
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5. Successful Measures in India
 Time Auction System adopted in Kerala had been a huge hit.
 Large scale mechanized boats have been banned in India. However, small beach landing
boats are allowed to help in food security needs of the fishermen.
 Around 75,000 fishermen are still staying in the sea. They are kept in the sea to ensure their
safety. In Gujarat, around 15,000 trawlers have been anchored to keep the fishermen safe.
They are said to be under sea quarantine.
82. Ordinance passed by UP to suspend labour laws
On May 7, 2020, the Uttar Pradesh Government passed an ordinance to suspend labour
laws in the state for three years. The ordinance is being passed to boost industrial
investment and also help the migrants who have returned back to the state. Around 7
lakh migrant workers from all over the country have returned back to their state.
1. Significance
The “Uttar Pradesh Temporary Exemption from Certain Labour Laws Ordinance, 2020”
will allow the industries to freely employ large number of migrant workers. Also, the
ordinance will help to bring back the economy back to track.
2. Exclusions
The ordinance does not include Building and other Construction Workers Act, Bonded
Labour Act, Workmen Compensation Act and Section 5 of Payment Wages Act.
3. Inclusions
The ordinance will suspend laws that related to occupational safety, industrial disputes,
contract workers, trade union related laws and laws related to migrant labourers.
4. Is Central Government Approval required?

Labour is a Concurrent subject. Therefore, both centre and state governments shall
frame their own laws. However, approval of central government is required.
5. Current Scenario in other states

The Madhya Pradesh Government had exempted the manufacturing units from Factories
Act, 1948.
83. India Russia to sign MoU on Coking Coal
On May 7, 2020, Indian Petroleum Minister Shri Dharmendra Pradhan and Russian
Energy Minister alexander Novak held a meeting through video conference. The
ministers reviewed ongoing projects.
1. Highlights
The ministers emphasized on the cooperation in coking sector. They also held talks
about signing a Memorandum of Understanding on Coking coal. The Russian minister
briefed about the OPEC+ agreement that was recently signed.
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2. Importance of Coking Coal
India will require 180 million tonnes of coking coal by 2030-31. The coking coal is to be
mainly used to cater steel industry. This comes because the National Steel Policy aims to
increase the steel production by 300 million tonnes by 2030.
3. Background of the meet

India is seeking long term agreement of crude oil supply from Russia to diversify the
sources of hydrocarbon. India is also interested in gas infrastructure, gas business and
petrochemicals industries in Russia.
4. Other Interests of India

India is interested to explore new sea routes in the Russian Arctic to source crude oil
from the region. Also, it intends to revive the Vladivostok-Chennai shipping line to source
coking coal from the region.
84. May 8-9: Time of Remembrance and Reconciliation for Those who
Lost their Lives during Second World War
Every year during May 8-9, the United Nations marks the Time of Remembrance and
reconciliation for those who lost their lives during Second World War. This is being
marked as the historic event paved way for the establishment of the United Nations.
Also, the day pays tribute to all the victims of Second World War.
1. Highlights
The day was declared in 2004 as was commemorated by the United Nations since then.
However, the UN urged the NGOs, its member countries and other organizations to join
the commemoration of the day through a resolution that was passed in 2010.
2. VE Day and VJ Day

VE Day is called the Victory in Europe Day. The day is widely marked in Europe on May
8. This year the 75th anniversary is being commemorated to end hostilities in Europe.
The day signifies the end combat operations in Germany, Greece, Scandinavia, Balkan
states and Italy.
85. Indian Scientists develop energy efficient photodetector for security

applications
The scientists from the Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advances Scientific Research
(JNCASR) has fabricated energy efficient photodetector for security applications.
1. Highlights
The autonomous institute has fabricated energy efficient, economical and wafer scale
photodetector. The photodetector was designed using gold-silicon interface for security
applications. It will also help to detect weak scattered light.
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2. Challenges
Today, photodetectors are used in wide range of applications. They are employed in
wide range of applications from control of automatic lighting in supermarkets to detect
radiations from outer galaxy. The only issue is their cost of fabrication. This makes them
unaffordable for day to day applications.
3. About the invention

The scientists in the new invention have fabricated gold-silicon interface that shows high
sensitivity towards light. The interface was brought between the elements with the help
of galvanic deposition.
4. Benefits
The detector has a rapid response time of 40 micro seconds. It covers broad range
between UV and IR. As the device works in self powered mode, no external power source
is required. This makes the device highly energy efficient.
86. May 8: World Thalassemia Day
Every year, World Thalassemia Day is observed on May 8. It aims to create awareness
about Thalassemia and avoid the disease from transmitting to other people. It is also
observed to provide better quality of life to people suffering from Thalassemia.
1. Highlights
The World Thalassemia Day is observed under the theme
2. What is Thalassemia?
Thalassemia is genetic blood disorder that is characterized by abnormal haemoglobin
production. There are two major types of Thalassemia namely Alpha Thalassemia and
Beta Thalassemia.
3. Thalassemia in India
India is in the Thalassemia belt of the world. Over 3.7% of the total Thalassemia patients
are in India. Of all the states, West Bengal is the most affected state of Thalassemia.
87. What is “The Resistance Front” in news frequently?
“The Resistance Front” is the new name of terror group in Kashmir. The group is made of
existing terror groups such as Jais-e-Mohammad, Hizbul Mujahidin, LeT (Lashkar-e-Taiba)
and Al-Badr.
1. Highlights
According to the Indian Army, The Resistance Front (TRF) is like the old wine in new
bottle! The new terror group is being supported by Pakistan. This is being done to get
deniability of action under the Financial Action Task Force (FATF). Pakistan has been
under constant pressure from the FATF to cut its financial support to the terrorist
organizations.
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2. How is TRF operating?
The TRF has an active online presence. It is now a rebranded terror group as a non-
religious rebellion. It uses Haqqani and Jaish-e-Mohammad in Afghanistan to target
Indian Embassy and other consulates.
3. Background
The TRF has come up in the Kashmir region after Indian Government had abrogated
Article 370. It is to be noted that the TRF has owned responsibility for the first grenade
attack on October, 2019 after scrapping Article 370. Recently, in March 2020, the
Kashmir police arrested 6 terrorists who claimed themselves to be part of the TRF.
88. NSAFE: First antimicrobial and washable Face Mask
The Startup of IIT Delhi has found an antimicrobial face mask that can be washed and
reused for 50 times. The Nanosafe Solutions at IIT Delhi has developed the masks to
fight against COVID-19.
1. Highlights
The NSAFE face mask provides 99.2% of bacterial filtration. This is the first fabric-based
face mask that is antimicrobial and washable. The mask complies ASTM standards.
2. ASTM International
It was formerly known as American Society for Testing and Materials. It is an
international standards organization that develops and publishes technical standards for
materials, services and products. The headquarters of the organization is located in
Pennsylvania. It was founded in 1898.
3. About the mask

The Mask provides the wearer three different mechanisms namely mechanical filtration,
repulsion of aerosol droplets and antimicrobial decontamination.
4. What is splash resistant?

Splash resistance is the capability of the mask to survive in rain as well. In simple words,
the mask and its layers will work the same in rain as well. They are water proof.
89. National Land Management Corporation recommended by National

Infrastructure Pipeline Task Force
The Task Force on National Infrastructure Pipeline recently submitted its report to the
Finance Minister Smt Nirmala Sitaraman. Under the report, the task force has
recommended to set up National Land Management Corporation.
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1. Highlights
The National Land Management Corporation will help to monetize state-owned surplus
lands in a systematic way. The Task Force recommends to set up the corporation under
Companies Act. The Corporation will also manage the lands that are owned by the
Government of India.
2. Role of the corporation

The following were recommended by the task force
3. Background
The Government of India is to bring about 100 lakh crore investment in the
infrastructure sector in the next five years. Therefore, it is important to bring about new
monitoring agencies as that of the National Land Management Corporation to make sure
there is enough availability of land to make the investment fruitful.
90. UN launches 6.7 billion USD for vulnerable countries
The United Nations and its partner agencies have launched 6.7 billion USD global appeal
in order to fight against COVID-19.
1. Highlights
Initially, the organization had pledged to provide 2 billion USD to vulnerable countries to
fight against COVID-19. However, it has now increased the amount to 6.7 billion USD.
The plan under which this is to be done is called the “Global Humanitarian Response
Plan”.
2. Significance
The United Nations has identified evidences of incomes dropping, food supplies falling,
jobs disappearing, prices roaring and most importantly children missing meals and
vaccination.
3. Countries Covered
The world organization had already covered 54 countries. Additional 9 countries have
been added. This includes Liberia, Djibouti, Pakistan, Mozambique, Sierra Leone,
Philippines, Zimbabwe and Togo.
91. Royal Bengal Tigers in Sundarbans increase to 96
On May 7, 2020, the Bengal Forest Ministry announced that the number of Royal Bengal
Tigers in the Sundarbans has increased to 96 according to the census conducted for the
year 2019-20.
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1. Highlights
In 2017-18, the total count of Royal Bengal Tigers in Sundarbans was 87. It increased to
88 in the 2018-19 census. With the numbers reaching 96, there has been a big leap. The
tigers are healthy according to the video footages of the forest department. The
cameras have been installed across 4,200 square kilometres. Of this, 3,700 square
kilometres is said to be tiger territory.
2. Tiger Territory
Tigers live in dense vegetation. A habitat of a tiger is not only the place where it lives
and preys. It also includes the areas where the tigers congregate and establishes a
territory. It is called Tiger Territory. Tigers generally limit their movements within their
territory. Every tiger has its own territory.
3. Sundarbans
The Sundarbans are of universal importance and is the largest mangrove forest in the
world. It is one of the World Heritage Site. The Sundarbans mangrove forests are formed
on the delta of Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna rivers.
4. Global Tiger Forum

The Global Tiger Forum is the only inter-governmental organization that is involved in
promoting conservation of tiger. India is also a part of the programme. According to the
forum, tigers have lost 97% of their population and 94% of their home.
May 9, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
92. Massive Exercise to supply pulses and food grains to 80 crore people
On May 8, 2020, Union Minister for Food and Public Distribution Shri Ram Vilas Paswan
announced that NAFED (National Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation of India
Limited) is to provide free pulses for three months to more than 19.5 crore households
for three months.
1. Highlights
On one side, the GoI is undergoing the procurement process on full scale and on the
other side it is distributing food grains under Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana. The
procurement is being done by FCI (Food Corporation of India) and NAFED (National
Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation of India Limited). This year, the Food
Corporation of India has loaded 73.95 lakh metric tonnes of food grains. This includes
55.38 lakh tonnes of rice and 18.57 lakh tonnes of wheat.
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2. The Exercise
Under the exercise, the Government is to distribute free 1 kg of pulses to 19.5 crore
people for a period of three months. This is the first time Government is carrying such a
massive operation. The stock of pulses in about 165 NAFED godowns are to be used in
the scheme. Around 100 dal mills are to work to achieve the target.
3. Progress so far
So far, 51,105 lakh tonnes of pulses have been distributed. This includes Urad Whole,
Tur Dal, Moong whole, Channa Dal and Masur Dhal.
93. India Post delivers testing kits from ICMR
India Post has tied up with ICMR (Indian Council of Medical Research) to deliver COVID-
19 testing kits to around 200 labs. These labs have been designated by the ICMR.
1. Highlights
ICMR has planned to conduct 1 lakh COVID-19 tests per day all over the country. In order
to achieve this, India Post with its 1,50,000 post offices has entered into an agreement
with the ICMR.
2. Significance
India Post will help to reach remote places in the north eastern region such as
Dungarpur, Jhalwar. Apart from this, it will also deliver the kits to other cities such as
Imphal, Kolkata, Aizawl, Jodhpur, Rachi, Bhubaneshwar, Udaipur and Kota.
3. Other Steps by India Posts

India Posts like the Railways has been contributing greatly in serving the people during
lock down. India Post had earlier been distributing food and ration, medicines, mails and
financial assistance at door steps during lock down.
4. Delivery of Kits
The kits are delivered with a packing of dry ice.
5. Dry Ice
Dry Ice is a solid form of carbon dioxide. It is used as cooling agent. The main advantage
of dry ice is that its temperature is lower than that of water ice.
94. INR-USD Futures and Options Contracts launched by Finance

Minister
On May 9, 2020, the Union Finance Minister Smt Nirmala Sitaraman launched the INR-
USD Futures and Options contracts in the BSE and NSE platforms. They were launched at
the GIFT International Financial Service Centre (IFSC) in Gandhinagar, Gujarat through
video conference.
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1. Significance
The contracts have been launched to increase economic activity and employment in the
country. A significant market share of India has moved to other International financial
Centres in the last decade. The move will help to bring back those businesses back to
India.
2. What is Future and Option?

Future and Options are financial products that allow investors to buy or sell shares at
specific price by a specific date.
2.1. Types of Option

There are two types of Option. The Call Option is used to buy a stock at the strike price
and put option is used to sell a stock at a specific price.
95. Defence Ministry signs MoU with TATA Power to modernize 37

airfields
On May 8, 2020, the Ministry of Defence signed a contract with the TATA POWER SED to
modernize infrastructure of 37 airfields of Indian Air Force. The cost of the project is
estimated to be around Rs 1,200 crore.
1. The Plan
Under Phase-1 of the Modernization of Airfield Infrastructure, the airfields of the Indian
Air Force were upgraded. The contract has been signed under phase-2 of the
programme. Under Phase-2, the navigational aids and infrastructure are to be upgraded.
2. Modernization of Airfield Infrastructure

Under the project, the first modern airfield system was set up at Bhatinda. The project
was worth Rs 2,500 crores. Under Phase I, around 30 airfields were modernized. It was
signed in 2011 at a total cost of Rs 1,219 crores.
96. May 9: World Migratory Bird Day
Every year, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) marks the World
Migratory Day on May 9. It is an annual campaign that creates awareness about the
need to conserve migratory birds and their habitats. This year the day is being
celebrated under the theme
1. Highlights
The World Migratory Day was first introduced in 2006 at the Convention on the
Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild animals.
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2. Significance of the theme
Connectivity has become essential for migratory species. This is because, currently 1
million species are facing risks of extinction due to loss of connectivity. Migratory birds
connect different countries and cooperation among them is essential to conserve these
species.
3. Key Issues
On the World Migratory Bird Day, the UNEP identifies the following as the key issues. The
man-made structures pose great threats to more than 350 species of migratory birds,
especially at night. The structures that are made of reflective materials such as glass
cause death of several migratory birds.
97. CSIR begins clinical trials of two drugs
On May 8, 2020, the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) begins its clinical
trials on Favipiravir and Phytopharmaceutical.
1. Highlights
Apart from Favipiravir and Phytopharmaceutical, the CSIR is also working on native
herbs as biological medicine. The DGCI (Drug Controller General of India) has approved
the clinical trials to be conducted by the CSIR.
2. Other medicines
Apart from the two medicines, the CSIR is also trying several other drugs. In May 2016,
the pharmaceutical company ICCGEB (International Centre for Genetic Engineering and
Biotechnology), Delhi had signed agreement to develop botanical drug to treat dengue.
The efficacy of this medicine in treating COVID-19 is almost similar. The drug is already
in phase II of human trial.
98. Amendments to Prime Minister Research Fellowship Scheme (PMRF)
The Union Ministry of Human Resource and Development recently announced various
amendments to Prime Minister Research Fellowship Scheme.
1. Highlights
Under the scheme, a dedicated division called “Research and Innovation Division” was
created to boost research. The division is to be headed by director who coordinates
research work of several institutions under the Ministry of HRD.
2. PMRF Scheme
The scheme is designed to improve quality of research in higher educational institutions.
The main aim of the scheme is to attract best talent into the research. The PMRF
Scheme was first introduced in the Union Budget 2018-19. The institutes that are eligible
under PMRF scheme includes IISERs, IITs, IISc Bengaluru and other top central
universities and NITs. Above all the institutes should offer science and technology
degrees.
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99. GoI sets up Centre of Excellence for coir applications
The Coir Board signed a Memorandum of Understanding with IIT Madras. The
memorandum aims to set up a Centre of Excellence for Coir Applications.
1. Highlights
Under the MoU, the Centre of Excellence is to extend the research work of the coir sector
with the support of IIT Madras. The MoU will extend the use of Coir Geo Textiles. The Coir
Geo Textiles are used to prevent soil erosion in river embankments, slopes and mine
slope stabilization. The Coir Geo Textiles can also be used in low volume rural roads as
re-enforcement material.
2. Role of Centre of Excellence

The Centre of Excellence of Coir applications will assist in generating technology transfer
and Intellectual Property Rights. It will provide financial assistance of Rs 5 crores for a
period of two years. Around 27 areas of Research and Development have been identified
that are to be taken up by the Centre of Excellence. This includes 10 projects of IIT-
Madras.
3. Significance of Coir
India and Sri Lanka are the leading producers of Coir. Together, they account to 90% of
global coir fiber production.
100. AIIB approves 500 million USD for India
On May 8, 2020, the AIIB (Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank) approved 500 million
USD to COVID-19 to India. The funds were aimed to scale up the containment efforts and
strengthen the health system. This will help manage future outbreaks.
1. Highlights
The funds are to be used for Emergency Response and Health Systems Preparedness
Project. The Project consists of 6 components.
2. AIIB
The AIIB had doubled its COVID-19 Crisis Recovery Facility to 10 billion USD. Earlier, the
bank had allocated 5 billion USD. It doubled its funds in order to make sure funds are
available to all its members in fulfilling economic needs and address public health
pressures. It will also help in quick recovery from the crisis.
3. Emergency Response and Health Systems Preparedness Project

In April 2020, the Indian Government announced that Rs 15,000 crores would be
allocated to contain the spread of the virus. The funds were to be utilised under
Emergency Response and Health Systems Preparedness Project.
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101. May 9: Birth Anniversary of Maharana Pratap Singh I
Maharana Pratap Singh popularly known as “Maharana” was the 13th king of Mewar (the
present Rajasthan). He was born on May 9, 1540.
1. Rana and the Mughals

The “Siege of Chittorgarh” led to the loss of fertile eastern belt to the Mughals in 1568.
Akbar wanted to establish a secure route to Gujarat through Mewar. So, he sent number
of envoys to King Rana to become a vassal just like the other Rajputs. Rana refused.
Hence, the Battle of Haldighati was fought
2. Battle of Haldighati
Maharana is known for his bravery in the Battle of Haldighati. The battle was fought on
18 June, 1576 between Maharana and the forces of Akbar. Rana fought with 22,000
forces against 2 lakh soldiers of the Mughal army. The Mughals were led by Man Singh of
Amber. Rana’s forces were defeated in 6 hours.
3. Reconquest
Though, the Rana lost, he and his chief army men escaped with wounds. They re-
gathered their forces, fought and won against the Mughals after six years in 1582. The
Mughals faced terrible defeat and Akbar stopped his military campaigns against Mewar
after this.
102. IEA Report: Global Energy Review, 2020
The International Energy Agency recently released Global Energy Review in 2020. The
report highlights the global energy demand in 2020 and carbon dioxide emissions.
1. Highlights
The report was prepared by collecting data from 30 countries. This includes India and
China.

According to the report, 15% of the daily electricity demand has been reduced. The
decline was mainly due to complete lock down in the countries such as India, Italy,
France, UK.
3. Service Sectors
The decline in power consumption was noted in countries where service sectors were
dominant. The service sectors included were hospitality, retail, tourism and education.
4. Fossil Fuel
The lock down has also reduced fossil-fuel based power generation. In India, according to
the report, electricity production from coal has declined by 32.2% as compared to 2019
level.
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5. Coal
The Global Coal Demand reduced by 8% as compared to 2019. This was mainly due to
three reasons. One, China, a coal-based economy was hit badly. Two, availability of
cheap gas. Three, increased use of renewables.
6. Oil
The oil demand was reduced by 5%. The transport connectivity all over the world has
been reduced by 50% and aviation has been reduced by 60%
7. Carbon Dioxide Emissions

The Carbon Dioxide Emissions have declined by 8% as compared to 2019 levels. This is
almost 2.6 giga tonnes. These levels of carbons dioxide was found in the earth’s
atmosphere before 10 years.
103. NMITLI Programme of CSIR to conduct “hmAbs” trial to neutrialize

COVID-19
The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) under its New Millennium Indian
Technology Leadership Initiative (NMITLI) is to develop human monoclonal antibodies
(hmAbs). These antibodies will neutralise COVID-19 virus in patients.
1. Highlights
The CSIR on one side is fighting hard against COVID-19 through its own researches. On
the other side, it is also working and supporting industries and public sector units that
are coming up with solutions to COVID-19. One such initiative is developing “hmAbs”.
2. About the project

The project will generate hmAbs from patients that are in convalescent phase.
Convalescent is patients that are recovering from illness. The project also aims to
generate hmAbs clones. These clones are expected to neutralize mutated virus.
3. Israel was first

The monoclonal neutralizing antibodies were first developed by Israel. Till now only
polyclonal antibodies have been invented. Israel was the first to isolate monoclonal
antibodies.
4. What are monoclonal antibodies?

If the antibodies are recovered from a single recovered cell, they are called monoclonal
antibodies. On the other hand, if they are recovered from multiple cells, they are called
polyclonal antibodies.
5. NMITLI
The NMITLI is the largest PPP (Public-private partnership) model of Research and
Development programme in the country. The main aim of the project is to catalyse
innovation and technological developments.
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May 10, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
104. UN released commemorative stamp on 40th anniversary of Small

Pox Eradication
On May 9, 2020, the World Health Organization and the United Nations Postal Agency
released a commemorative stamp to mark 40th anniversary of eradication of small pox.
1. Highlights
The World Health Organization small pox eradication campaign was initiated in 1967. In
1980, the organization officially declared that the world is free from small pox.
2. Small Pox in India

Small pox was is now an eradicated disease in India. India eradicated small pox due to
the small pox eradication programme of the WHO. In 1974, India was one of the highly
affected countries of small pox in the world. It had over 86% of world small pox cases.
With the help of WHO, India started “TARGET ZERO”.
3. Lessons for COVID-19 from Small Pox

In the case of small pox, WHO did not have funds to fight against the disease in 1967.
Therefore, the first and foremost step in fighting COVID-19 is raising funds.
105. Shekatkar Committee: Abolition of 9,304 Military Engineering

Services
Union Defence Minister Shri Rajnath Singh recently approved the abolition of 9,304 posts
in the military engineering services. The posts were abolished based on the
recommendation of Shekatar Committee.
1. Highlights
The late Defence Minister Manohar Parrikar in 2016 appointed a 11-member committee.
It was named the Shekatar Committee. Of all the recommendations made by the
committee, around 65 were approved in 2017. The committee had made a total of 99
recommendations. If all the recommendations are implemented according to the
committee, India can save Rs 25, 000 crores.
2. Abolition of Posts
The number of posts abolished were 9,304. In total there were total 13,157 vacancies.
The abolished posts were included in the vacancies.
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3. Shekatar Committee
The committee had recommended closure of military farms and postal establishments in
peace regions. It also recommended enhancement of standards to recruit drivers in the
army and clerical staff. It had made several changes in the reorganization of the Army
Headquarters. The number of officers were recommended to reduce to 200.
106. SC places Cooperative banks under SARFAESI Act
The Supreme Court of India recently pronounced its judgement that cooperative banks
shall be placed under SARFAESI Act.
1. Highlights
The Supreme court has upheld the GoI notification dated January 28, 2003 under which
the cooperative societies have come under SARFAESI Act. The Apex court has also ruled
that the Cooperative Banks have also come under the definition of banks under Banking
Regulation Act, 1949.
2. Sarfaesi Act
Sarfaesi Act is Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of
Security Interest Act. The banks utilize the act as tool to reciver bad loans, especially the
non-performing assets.
107. GoI launches “Mission Sagar”
On May 10, 2020, the Government of India has launched “Mission Sagar”, an outreach
programme amidst COVID-19 pandemic. The mission aims at providing food items,
Ayurvedic medicines related to COVID-19, HCQ tablets to Maldives, Madagascar,
Seychelles and Comoros.
1. Highlights
The Indian Naval Ship Kesari has been deployed under the mission. The operation is
being conducted under close cooperation of Ministry of Defence and Ministry of External
Affairs. The mission has been deployed under close consonance with the India’s vision
“SAGAR” in the Indian Ocean.
2. What is SAGAR Vision?

In 2015, India introduced its vision of Indian Ocean called “SAGAR”, Security and Growth
for All in the Region. India aims to seek economic and security cooperation with its
neighbours (especially maritime neighbours) under the vision. In order to achieve this
India would cooperate on exchange of information, building of infrastructure, coastal
surveillance and strengthening mutual capabilities.
3. Analysis
The mission can easily be related with India’s SAGAR vision. India has strong Naval
presence in all the four countries included in the mission.
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May 11, 2020
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108. May 11: National Technology Day
Every year, National Technology Day is observed on May 11, 1974 in order to remind
India’s technological advancements. This year the day is being observed under the
theme
1. Why on May 11?

On May 11, India tested its first successful Shakti-I nuclear missile. The missile was
tested in the Indian Army Pokhran Test Range, Rajasthan. The operation was called
“Operation Shakti”. After the testing of Shakti-I nuclear missile, India also successfully
tested two nuclear weapons.
2. Operation Shakti
The code name of first phase of Operation Shakti was “Smiling Buddha”. It was
conducted in May 1974. The second nuclear test, the phase II of Operation Shakti,
conducted in 1998 was also called Pokhran II and was a series of 5 tests of nuclear
bombs. It was led by the late President Dr Shri APJ Abdul Kalam. After this successful
test, PM Vajpayee called India a complete nuclear state.
109. DHRUVs: UV based Sanitizer by DRDO to sanitize phones
The Research Centre Imarat (RCI) of Defence Research Development Organization

(DRDO) has developed Defence Research Ultraviolet Sanitizer (DHRUVS).
1. Highlights
The RCI of DRDO based in Hyderabad has developed a Ultra Violet Cabinet to sanitize
mobile phones, laptops, iPads, passbooks, challans and paper. It can also be used to
sanitize currency notes and papers. It provides 360-degree exposure to UV rays to the
objects placed inside the cabinet.
2. How does UV kill virus?

After the spread of COVID-19, several UV technologies have emerged to disinfect the
daily use objects. In China, buses are being disinfected with UV light technology every
night after their use.
110. ICMR to develop COVID-19 Vaccine
The Indian Council of Medical Research has tied up with Bharat Biotech International
Limited (BBIL) to develop indigenous vaccine. The vaccine is to be developed using virus
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strains that have been isolated from COVD-19 patients at National Institute of Virology
(NIV), Pune.
1. Significance
The Vaccines are important as they play a major role in preventing diseases. Vaccines
were the main key to eradicate Small pox.
2. Current Scenario
Over 40 vaccines are under development in various stages all over the world. The Oxford
University recently announced that researchers of the university have begun testing a
vaccine against the COVID-19. The Serum Institute of India is one of the partners of the
programme.
3. Working of a Vaccine
A Vaccine actually trains the immune system to combat the disease causing pathogen.
The idea of vaccination is to inject an inactive harmless strain of the disease causing
virus into the body. The immune system will start defending the body against these
disease causing agents.
111. NGT Order of Vizag Gas Tragedy: What is Strict Liability Vs Absolute
Liability?
The National Green Tribunal recently passed an order regarding the Vizag Gas Tragedy.
Under the order, the LG Polymers, where the gas leak occurred was held liable according
to the Principle of “Strict Liability” of 19th century English law.
1. Strict Liability Principle

According to Strict Liability Principle, a company or a party is not liable and does not
require to pay compensation in case hazardous substance leaks out from its premises.
The leakage is considered accident. The strict liability evolved in 1868 and provides
exemptions from assuming liability.

In the Vizag Gas tragedy, the NGT has used the term “strict liability”. Legal experts claim
that the term “absolute liability” should have been used. The NGT has ruled to deposit
an initial amount of Rs 50 crore. It has also formed a fact-finding committee.
3. What is Absolute Liability?

In 1986, the Supreme Court while ruling Oluem Gas leak held that strict liability was
inadequate to protect the citizens. Hence, it replaced with absolute liability. According to
absolute liability principle, the supreme court held that a company operating a
hazardous industry cannot claim any exemption. The company has to mandatorily pay
compensation. The fact that the tragedy was caused by its negligence or not does not
matter.
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112. Birth rate, death rate & IMR data released by Registrar General of
India
On May 10, 2020, the Registrar General of India released data on the national birth rate,
death rate and infant mortality rate for the year 2018. The data complied on these
statistics is called as the Sample Registration System.
1. Key findings
According to the data released, the national birth rate stood at 20, death rate at 6.2 and
infant mortality rate at 32.
2. Infant Mortality Rate

The IMR according to the data has declined about one-fourth as compared to 1971
census. In the last decade, around 35% decline of IMR has been witnessed in rural areas.
3. Sample Registration System

It is a demographic survey that provides annual estimates on birth rate, death rate and
infant mortality rate. It also issues mortality indicators at national and sub national
levels.
4. Working
The field investigation of SRS consists of continuous enumeration of births and deaths.
The survey is also conducted by the Anganwadi workers every 6 months. The data
obtained are matched.
113. COVID KAVACH: India’s first indigenous ELISA Test Kit for COVID-19
The National Institute of Virology has indigenously developed antibody detection kit for
COVID-19. The kit will play significant role in surveillance of COVID-19 infection.
1. Highlights
The kit is capable of testing 90 samples in a single run of 2.5 hours. The kit was jointly
developed by ICMR (Indian Council of Medical Research) and NIV. The kit validated the
indigenous IGG ELISA test called “COVID KAVACH ELISA”.
2. Significance
The kit is also capable of performing ELISA-based testing. ELISA is Enzyme-linked
Immunosorbent Assay. ELISA is used to detect antibodies for a wide range of infections,
especially antibody of HIV.
114. Central Panel recommends to ban use of TB drugs on crops
The Registration Committee that was set up under the Central Insecticides Board and
Registration Committee (CIBRC) has recommended that TB drugs such as Streptomycin
and Tetracycline should be completely banned on crops.
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1. Highlights
The Registration Committee held its 114th meet on May 1, 2020. According to the report
submitted by its subcommittee, 9% of Streptomycin sulphate and 1% of tetracycline
hydrochloride is used on crops. According to the report generated, the drugs were used
at its highest in Delhi, Haryana and Punjab.

The CIBRC allows the use of Streptocycline drug in eight crops. However, it is now found
that it is being used on more crops as pesticides. The Centre for Science and
Environment (CSE) had earlier recommended that none of the TB drugs should be used
on crops. The order was shared with CIBRC as well.
3. Solution
The report has suggested to phase out use of the drugs by 2022 as no alternatives are
now available for these drugs. The users, till then should use these antibiotics according
to the label instructions.
4. Recommendations
The Registration Committee recommends to manage diseases and pests in crops
through integrated pest management. The CIBRC has also recommended ICAR (Indian
Council of Agricultural Research) to initiate research on better and safe practices.
115. Maharashtra CM Uddhav Thackeray to enter Legislature: The

Constitutional Features
Mr Uddav Thackeray is the current Chief Minister of Maharashtra.
1. Article 164
The Article 164 of the Constitution provides every provision for a Chief Minister of a
state. According to the article, any person who has the support of majority of the elected
members of the legislative assembly shall be appointed as the CM by the governor of
the state. In this case, if the person is not the member of the legislative assembly, or if
he has lost the general election, he can still be appointed as the CM provided he has the
support of majority of the members. However, he has to win an election within 6 months.
2. The Current Scenario

Mr Thackeray is to enter the state Legislature through Legislative Council. He is not a
Member of the Maharashtra State Legislative Assembly. However, he was sworn in as
the CM of Maharashtra on November 28, 2019 as he earned the support of majority of
elected members of the State Legislature. Now he has time till May 27, 2020 to win any
of the elections of state legislature.
3. Legislative Council
The Election Commission on the request made by the Maharashtra Governor BS Koshyari
is to conduct Maharashtra Legislative Council Election.
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4. Article 169
The Article 169 provides the features of a legislative council. One-third of the members
of LC are elected through local body election such as Gram Panchayat, district councils,
municipalities, etc. One-third are elected by members of State Legislature. One sixth are
nominated by the Governor. One twelfth are elected by persons that are engaged in
teaching professions such as universities, colleges, high schools for at least three years.
116. GoI launches Suraksha Store Initiative
The Department of Consumer Affairs operating under Ministry of Consumer Affairs and
Food and Public Distribution launched Suraksha Store Initiative. It aims at health and
safety of the citizens during lockdown.
1. Highlights
The Department of Consumer Affairs has joined hands with a Tech Start Up Safejob and
Seekify to prevent the spread of COVID-19 at Kirana store level. The main objective of
the initiative is to educate the owners of Kirana store owners all over the country about
COVID-19, protocols required to be followed and also about COVID-19 safety guidelines.
2. About the launch

Under the initiative, so far 5 lakh stores have been registered. Over 7 lakh retailers have
enrolled for training and 70,000 employees have already completed their training.
117. Pranavayu Programme launched in Karanataka
The Bengaluru City Corporation recently launched “Pranavayu Programme” to create

awareness about the respiratory health of Bengaloreans.
1. Highlights
The initiative aims to help people in increasing oxygen level of the people by
themselves. This will help them to keep track about their health before their ailments
become fatal.
2. Significance
There are several deaths reported in the country due to Severe Acute Respiratory Illness
(SARI). Especially, COVID-19 causes Hypoxia (deficiency of oxygen in tissues). This is like
starving the body of oxygen.
3. COVID-19 and breathing problems

COVID-19 stimulates breathing difficulties through chemical reactions. When a person is
infected with COVID-19, the virus binds itself with the haemoglobin in Red Blood Cells.
This is the main reason for disruption in respiratory process.
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118. May 12: International Nurse Day
Every year, May 12 is commemorated as International Nurse Day. The birth anniversary
of Florence Nightingale is celebrated as the International Nurse Day. This year the day is
celebrated under the theme
1. International Council of Nurses

The Council is a federation with more than 130 nurse associations that represents more
than 20 million nurses all over the world. It was founded in 1899 and is the widest
reaching organization. Also, it is associated with the World Bank, International Labour
Organization and World Health Organization.
2. Year of Nurse and Midwife

This year 2020 is celebrated as the Year of Nurse and Midwife as it is the 200th birth
anniversary of Florence Nightingale. This is being organized by the World Health
Organization in order to achieve Universal Health Coverage. Also, the State of World’s
Nursing Report was launched by WHO on World Health Day to celebrate the year. The
report provides a detailed insight about the nursing workforce globally.
3. Florence Nightingale
Nightingale was called the “Lady with the Lamp”. This was because she used to make
rounds through the camps with a lamp. She was born to a wealthy English family in Italy.
She was famous for her innovative nursing care.
119. 117 new Mandis integrated to E-NAM platform
On May 11, 2020, around 117 mandis were integrated with E-NAM (National Agriculture
Market). This has increased the number of Mandis in the country to 962.
1. Highlights
The Union Minister of Agriculture launched the mandis through video conferencing.
These online Mandis are now being used to trade coconut and bamboo as well. As of May
9, 2020, around 3.43 crore metric tonnes of bamboo and 37.93 metric tonnes of coconut
have been traded. Currently, 150 commodities are being traded through the platform. It
includes oil seeds, vegetables, fruits, fibers and food grains.
2. Farmer Producer Organizations

The Agriculture Ministry in April 2020 had launched Logistics module, FPO trade module
and eNWR based warehouse module. This helped integrating FPOs from 15 states with
the platform.
3. Background
It is to be noted that recently, around 200 mandis were integrates with the E-NAM
platform.
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4. ENAM Platform
The ENAM platform is a single window service for the APMC (Agriculture Produce Market
Committee) related services and information. This includes commodity arrivals,
information about quality of the product and their prices, electronic payment settlement
for better access of the market.
5. India’s Vision
India is currently working towards “One Nation One Market”. The integration of Mandis
will help achieving this by taking the total numbers included in the platform to 1000.
May 12, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
120. Atal Pension Yojana completes 5 years
The “Atal Pension Yojana” launched on May 9, 2015, has completed 5 years of its
implementation. The total enrollment under the scheme as on May 9, 2020 was
2,23,54,028.
1. Highlights
During the first two years of the launch of the initiative, there were 50 lakh subscribers.
In the third year, the numbers doubled with 100 lakh subscribers. In the third year, the
numbers increased to 100 lakhs. The milestone of 1.5 crores enrollment was achieved in
the fourth year.
2. Features of the Scheme

The Scheme can be subscribed by any Indian citizen of age 18 to 40 years. Upon
enrollment, the scheme provides a minimum guaranteed pension of Rs 1000 to Rs 5000
on attaining 60 years of age. Also, when the pensioner dies, it amounts to guaranteed
pension for lifetime to the spouse. In case of death of the both the subscriber and
spouse, a nominee shall claim the amount.
3. About the scheme

The scheme was replaced with Swavalamban Yojana. It was established to provide old
age income security to the unorganized sector. It was launched by PM Modi in 2015 at
Kolkata.
121. Passenger Train services partially restored
On May 12, 2020, the Indian Railways partially begins passenger train services. Around
15 trains are to be operated. These trains are in addition to the “Shramik special trains”
that are in service transporting migrant workers.
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1. Highlights
Only confirmed ticket holders will be allowed to board the train. The passengers should
observe social distancing throughout their journey. They have to reach the station at
least 90 minutes in advance and undergo thermal screening. Only asymptomatic
passengers are allowed to travel. The trains will have only first, second and third AC
coaches. No Linen will be provided in the AC coaches. Also, the travelers have to carry
their own food.
2. Shramik Trains
The Shramik Trains are those trains that carried the migrant workers. So far, the Indian
Railways has operated 366 Shramik trains transporting 400,000 migrants. Initially, the
GoI allowed only 1200 persons to travel in a train. The number has now been increased
to 1700.
122. MSME: Technology Centres help to manufacture micro parts of

COVID-19 kits
The technology centres that are operating under the Ministry of MSME (Micro, Small and
Medium Enterprises) are manufacturing critical parts of the RT-PCR (Reverse
Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction) machines.
1. Highlights
The technology centres in Jamshedpur, Bhubaneswar and Kolkata that are operating
under Ministry of MSME are now manufacturing parts of RT-PCR machines. However,
these machines are variants of the main RT-PCRs. They are called the Real Time
Quantitative Micro PCR System. These machines give results in less than an hour. Also,
they are compact and can be easily carried for testing anywhere.
2. What are the Technology Centres?

The Technology Centres were established by the Ministry of MSME. They play crucial role
in providing skill development training to over 2 lakh youth and industry workforce.
Today there are 18 technology centres in India. They provide design and manufacture of
tools, mould and dies, precision components, forging and foundry, electrical measuring
instruments, glass, footwear, sports goods, etc. Some of the technology centres also
fulfill the needs of aerospace, defence and research and development.
123. Ash Barges are increasing Concerns of Ecology of Sundarbans
The Fisheries organization and environmental experts flag serious threats to the ecology
of Indian Sundarbans as the fly ash filled barges are sinking and capsizing in Hooghly
river.
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1. Highlights
In April 2020, two fly ash filled barges sank within a range of 30 kilometres of Hooghly
river. Around 100 Bangladeshi barges each weighing 600 tonnes to 800 tonnes traverse
through Indian waters. They carry fly ash from Indian thermal power station to
Bangladesh where the fly ashes are used in manufacturing cement.

The vessels that sunk in the river are threatening the local fishes and other aquatic
biodiversity. This in turn is affecting lives of 1000s of fishermen.
3. Reasons
Most of the barges that are carrying the fly ashes are old and are ill maintained. They
often cause accidents.
4. Hooghly River
The Hooghly river is a distributary of the Ganges. River Ganga splits into Hooghly and
River Padma at Murshidabad. River Padma flows towards Bangladesh and River Hooghly
flows south into West Bengal.
5. Fly Ash
The Fly Ash is a by product of coal combustion. Fly ash has several useful applications. It
includes concrete production, embankments, fly-ash pellets, road subbase construction,
cement clinker production, brick production, etc.
124. Facts Box: “State of the World’s Nursing Report 2020”
The World Health Organization, Nursing Now Campaign and the International Council of
Nurses released the State of World’s Nursing report. The report has been released as
United Nations marks 2020 as the Year of Nurse and Midwife.

There are 36.9 nurses per 10,000 people with variations in different parts of the world.
The number of nurses in Americas is 10 times more than that of Africa. In America, there
are 83.4 nurse per 10,000 people and in Africa there are 8.7 nurses per 10,000 people.
2. India
According to the report, there are 1.56 million nurses in India. However, of these nurses,
the professional nurses are 67%. Around 322,827 nurses are graduating every year.
Nurses comprise of 47% of medical staff in India. The doctors constitute 23.3%, dentists
constitute 5.5% and pharmacists constitute 24.1% of medical staff in India.
3. Need of the moment

The role of nurses, especially during the current health crisis is paramount. Their role is
essential as they ensure quality care for patients, control his infection and prevent its
spreading.
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125. Impacts of lock down on Family Planning
The lock down has resulted in poor access to family planning measures and
contraceptives. This will result in lots of unwanted pregnancies.
1. Highlights
With the number of infected persons of COVID-19 increasing all over India, least
importance is being given to family planning and other treatments that includes
Tuberculosis, AIDS, etc. The issue will end up in lot of unwanted pregnancies and
eventually to unsafe abortions and maternal deaths.
2. Analysis
According to the Foundation for Reproductive Health Services India. Around 2.56 crore
couples are unable to access contraceptive services. This leads to loss of 6.9 lakh
sterilization services and 9.7 lakh IUCD (Intra Uterine Contraceptive Devices).
3. Foundation for Reproductive Health Services India

It is an NGO that is working since 2009. It is a part of the Marine Stopes International,
which is an organization that provides personalized abortion services and contraception.
The organization is spread across 37 countries.
4. Focus on COVID-19 increases Malaria, HIV and TB

Apart from its impacts on family planning, COVID-19 has also affected the treatment of
malaria, Tuberculosis and HIV. According to a study, the HIV projections could increase
by 10%, malaria can increase upto 20% and Tuberculosis related deaths could increase
by 20%.
126. GoI releases Rs 6,195 crores of funds to 14 states
On May 11, 2020, the Government of India released Rs 6,195 crores to 14 states. This is
the second equated monthly installment of Post Devolution Revenue Deficit.
1. Highlights
The grant allocated to the states will act as additional source of income to the states.
The grant was recommended by the 15th Finance Commission. The Central Government
under the grant allocated Rs 1,276 crores to Kerala, Rs 952 crores to Himachal Pradesh,
Rs 638 crores to Punjab, Rs 631 crores to Assam, Rs 491 crore to Andhra Pradesh, Rs
417 crore to West Bengal and Rs 423 crore to Uttarakhand.
2. Significance
The grant will help the states make preventive and mitigation measures to contain
COVID-19. The funds will be used for sample collection, quarantine facility, screening
and setting up of additional testing laboratories. The funds will also be used for purchase
of PPE (Personal Protection Equipment), thermal scanners, air purifiers, ventilators,
consumables in government hospitals.
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3. Revenue Deficit
The revenue deficit covers the gap between revenue and expenditure of a state.
According to Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act, 2003, the states should
maintain revenue deficit of zero. According to the Constitution of India, state cannot
raise a loan without consent of the Centre. This is why, the Kerala Government in 2019
couldn’t claim the flood relief grants from Saudi Arabia. The centre did not permit.
127. Ministry of MSME launches “Champions Portal”
On May 12, 2020, the Ministry of MSME (Micro Small and Medium Enterprises) launches
Champions Portal. The portal acts as a technology driven control room cum
management information system.
1. Highlights
The portal aims at creating modern ICT tools to assist Indian MSMEs. Champions stand
for Creation and Harmonious Application of Modern Processes. It aims to increase output
and national strength.
2. Significance
The portal will help small units to become big. This is done by solving their grievances,
supporting, encouraging, helping and hand holding.
3. What are the technologies provided by the portal?

The portal will act as a control room that will provide information to the industries. It
includes video conferences, internet and telephones. These systems are enabled with
Data Analytics, Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning.
4. CPGRAMS
CPGRAMS is called Centralized Public Grievances and Monitoring System. It was
developed by the National Informatics Centre along with DARPG (Department of
Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances) and Directorate of Public Grievances.
CPGRAMS aims at receiving, redressing and monitoring public grievances. The portal
helps the citizens to track their grievances registered with Government of India.
128. Sero Survey by ICMR and NCDC
The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) and NCDC (National Centre for Disease
Control) are to conduct a sero survey. The survey will help to learn about the prevalence
of COVID-19 infection.
1. What is a Sero Survey?

A Sero Survey is testing of blood serum of individuals and determine the presence of
antibodies against COVID-19.
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2. Significance
The survey is to be conducted in 10 health facilities initially. After validating its success,
it will be implemented in other regions of the country.
3. About the survey

The survey is to test 200 samples in a week. It will focus on pregnant women, out
patients, that is, more of low-risk groups. The health care professionals will be selected
from high-risk population. The survey will also collect samples of nasal and throat swabs
to run RT-PCR tests. Pool Testing is to adopted while testing these collected samples.
4. Pool Testing
In Pool Testing, 4 to 5 swabs of the collected samples will be tested for the virus. This is
done to save time. When, the test run shows positive results, the swabs will be run
individually.
129. MP, the First State to launch innovative Scheme “FIR Aapke Dwar
Yojana”
On May 11, 2020, the Madhya Pradesh Government has launched “FIR Aapke Dwar
Yojana”.
1. Highlights
The scheme has been launched in 23 police stations as a pilot project. This includes both
rural and urban areas.
2. Features of the scheme

Under the scheme, a person need not go to the police station to dodge a complaint. The
scheme has deployed the head constables to register the complaints from the people.
The scheme will also enable on spot FIR registrations. When the complaints are serious,
they will be forwarded to senior officers.
3. Other important Facts

Madhya Pradesh is the first state in the country to launch such an innovative scheme on
police subject. It is to be noted that Police is State subject. The scheme was launched by
the Home Minister of Maharashtra Sr Narottam Mishra.
4. FIR
FIR is First Information Report. The concept of FIR is followed in South East and South
Asian countries including Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Singapore, etc.
5. Legality of FIR
The Constitution of India does not provide any rights over FIR. FIR and its legality is
defined by the Section 154 of The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973.
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130. “SWASTHVAYU”: India creates record developing ventilator in 36
days
The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) NAL (National Aerospace
Laboratories), Bengaluru has developed a ventilator called “Swasthvayu”. The ventilator
has been designed in a record time of 36 days.
1. Highlights
The ventilator developed by CSIR is a Non-Invasive BiPAP Ventilator. The ventilator is
made of built-in biocompatible coupler and a high efficiency filter. These features make
the ventilator help reduce the fear against COVID-19.
2. About the ventilator

The ventilator includes provisions to connect oxygen concentrator externally. The
ventilator has been accredited by NABL.
3. NABL
NABL is National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories. It tests
and certifies medical devices, laboratories, testing providers. It has Mutual Recognition
Arrangement with International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation and Asia Pacific
Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation.
4. Mutual Recognition Agreements

The Mutual Recognition agreements are agreements under which two or more countries
agree on one another assessment. These agreements became common after the
formation of World Trade Organization.
May 13, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
131. India State-Level Disease Burden Initiative: Mortality Rate dropped

by 49%
The India State-Level Disease Burden Initiative has recently published two scientific
papers. The initiative has given its report on district-level trends of child growth and
child mortality.
1. Key Findings
 The child mortality rate has dropped by 49% between 2000 and 2017.
 According to the report, though child mortality and child growth has improved, the inequality
between the districts is high
 The inequality among states between the period has grown by 6 times and among the
districts in a state has grown by 11 times.
 The report says that there were around 1.04 million under-5 deaths in 2017. This has
decreased from 2.24 million in 2000. Also, neonatal deaths decreased from 1.02 million to
0.57 million in 2017. Though Neonatal Mortality Rate dropped by 38% since 2000, the
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variation has increased 5 times. 83% of the neonatal deaths in the country is due to short
gestation and low birth weight.
 According to the report, 46% of the child in India are with short gestation, 21% are with child
growth failure.
2. Causes of Under-5 deaths

The main causes of under-5 deaths according to the report are diarrheal diseases,
preterm birth, lower respiratory infections and birth asphyxia. Of all, lower birth weight
was the major cause
3. India State-Level Disease Burden Initiative

The initiative was launched under the collaboration of ICMR (Indian Council of Medical
Research) and Public Health Foundation of India (PHFI). The initiative has experts and
stakeholders that are associated with 100s of Institutions.
132. United States provides 3.6 million USD assistance to India
On May 12, 2020, the United States Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
announced 3.6 million USD assistance to India in order to fight against COVID-19.
1. Highlights
The fund allocated is to be used to prevent, respond and prepare India to act against the
spread of COVID-19. The funds will also be used to strengthen laboratory capacities of
India. This specifically includes serology and molecular diagnostics.
2. Role of CDC
The CDC has conducted trainings in India for physicians, administrators, nurses and
hospital staff to combat COVID-19.
3. Goal of CDC
The CDC aims at global health response to COVID-19. The main goal of CDC is to limit
human-human transmission of COVID-19. It intends to achieve this through partnerships
with non-Governmental organization and mitigate vulnerabilities.
4. India-US
Apart from CDC, there are other agencies of the United States that have helped India
through financial assistance. This includes USAID (United States Agency for International
Development), Department of Health and Human Services Agencies. These agencies
together have provided 2.8 billion USD of total assistance and 1.4 billion USD for health.
133. GoI announces Lock Down 4.0 with economic package of Rs 20 lakh
crores
On May 12, 2020, PM Modi announced Lock Down 4.0 with new rules. He also announced
an economic package of Rs 20 lakh crores to ease lives of people during fourth lock
down.
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1. Highlights
As lock down 3.0, comes to an end on May 17, 2020, the new lock down 4.0 with new
rules is to be implemented from May 18, 2020. The lock down is being extended as the
spread of COVID-19 is not well contained.
2. India’s 5 pillars
India is to operate on 5 pillars of self reliance as announced by PM Modi. These pillars
will help India lead the world in the 21st century. The pillars include
3. Economic Package
A special economic package was announced by PM Modi. The package was worth of Rs
20 lakh crores. The allocated amount makes up to 10% of India’s GDP. The new
economic package is to be used to provide relief to labourers, middle class, farmers and
industries that have suffered the most due to lock down.
134. Under 17 FIFA Women World Cup to begin in 2021
On May 12, 2020, the All India Football Federation (AIFF) and the Local Organizing
Committee (LOC) have rescheduled FIFA Under 17 Women’s World Cup. The game was
initially to be conducted on November 2, 2020. Now the postponed game is to be
conducted between February 17, 2021 and March 7, 2021.
1. Highlights
India is to host the game in 2021. The dates were confirmed by the governing bodies
after considering the fact that enough time is needed to conduct qualification
tournaments. The qualification tournaments include UEFA, CAF, CONCACAF, CONMEBOL
and OFC. The U-17 tournaments were initially scheduled to be held in 5 cities such as
Navi Mumbai, Kolkata, Guwahati, Bhubaneshwar and Ahmedabad.
2. FIFA Women World Cup

The FIFA Women’s World Cup has been taking place since 1991. It has been scheduled
once in four years. So far, six countries have hosted women’s world cup. Both China and
US have hosted the tournament twice. The other countries that have hosted the
tournament includes Germany, France, Sweden and Canada.
135. ICMR to conduct household survey
The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) is to conduct household survey. The
survey will conduct antibody testing in 24,000 adults in various districts.
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1. About the Survey
The household survey is completely different from the ongoing surveys. Under the
survey, the individuals from all the districts will be randomly tested. In every district 10
health facilities will be employed to conduct the survey. Of these 6 will be public and 4
will be private. These health facilities will select 100 health care workers and 50
outpatients. Also, the persons that so not have influenza like illness are to be selected.
This is because, there are several on going surveys that focus on people that have
influenza like symptoms.
2. Background
ICMR previously focused on surveying based on pooled testing and Severe Acute
Respiratory Illness (SARI). The survey will look for the presence of IGG antibodies. These
antibodies appear between 10 and 14 days.
3. SARI surveillance
The SARI surveillance is an ongoing surveillance method that is being implemented on
hospitalized patients using RT-PCR tests. The surveillance currently helps to detect new
COVID-19 cases.
4. Sero Survey
The survey is to be conducted in 10 clusters. Every district selected will have 400
random households. Among these households one adult individual will be tested for
COVID-19 antibodies. This is called Sero Survey.
136. Finance Ministry begins Annual Exercise
On May 12, 2020, the Ministry of Finance announced that the government departments
and ministries will review guarantees issued against loans issued by various government
entities.
1. Highlights
The exercise is done to make sure that the borrower is discharging the repayment
obligations and interest obligations according to the loan agreement. The financial
advisories of the ministries have been asked to submit a review of government
guarantees to the budget wing operating under Ministry of Finance.
2. Legality
The review exercise is done to monitor the capacity of guarantee amount of the
borrowers. Article 292 of the constitution guarantees repayment of borrowings.
According to the article, the government shall provide up to 0.5% of GDP for incremental
guarantees in a financial year.
3. Current Scenario
The guarantees given by the Government of India has increased from Rs 1.07 lakh
crores in 2004-05 to Rs 4.47 lakh crores in 2018-19. The guarantees are provided by the
government entities to improve viability of the projects and also help lower the cost of
the borrowing.
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4. Objectives of the Guarantee
According to the policy, the main objectives of government guarantees are as follows
5. Other Legal Provisions

 The Indian Contract Act, 1872 provides provisions to the contracts of guarantee.
137. WHO: Cases of Malaria, TB and AIDS are to increase
The World Health Organization announced that the number of deaths due to TB, AIDS
and Malaria might increase as the entire focus of health care system all over the world is
shifting towards COVID-19.
1. Highlights
The WHO has made the announcement based on the study conducted by the
International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease along with Johns Hopkins
University.
2. Key findings
According to the study, every added month of lock down in India will lead to additional
40,685 deaths between 2020 and 2025. These deaths are to occur only due to
Tuberculosis. All over the world, Kenya will face maximum number of death due to the
scenario followed by Ukraine, India.
3. Malaria and AIDS

The COVID-19 conditions shall also double the number of malaria infections. Also, there
are possibilities for children not getting tested. There are continuous disruptions in the
antiretroviral therapy that will increase the deaths due to AIDS.
138. CO2 Emissions of India falls in 4 decades
According to the study conducted by Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air
(CREA), the Carbon dioxide Emissions in India has declined the least in four decades.
1. Highlights
The study says that the carbon dioxide emissions in India has reduced by 15% in March
and by 30% in April. The study also says that the latest consumption of oil and gas, coal
has declined. It has fell by 30 million tonnes in 2019-20 in the country as compared to
that of the previous year.
2. Fossil Fuel uses

The carbon dioxide pollution in the country is mainly caused due to power and
transportation sector. The decline in consumption of fossil fuels is also the main reason
for the reduction in pollution. The power generated by coal-fired power plants reduced
by 15% in March for the first time. Also, the renewable energy generation has increased
by 6.4% in March.
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139. PM Modi announces Atma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan
On May 12, 2020, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced a new scheme called “Atma
Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan”. Under the new scheme, 20 lakh crore of package has been
announced.
1. Features of the scheme

Under the scheme, the government of India is to support key sectors and also help
achieve measures undertaken by Reserve Bank of India. The economic package is 10%
of the GDP.
2. Benefits of the scheme

The scheme will pay special attention on tax payers, farmers, labourers, cottage
industries and MSMEs. The main aim of the scheme is to become self reliant.
3. Vocal for Local

The COVID-19 impacts have brought highlights over the local supply change. India has
been able to sustain the pandemic due to the local supply chain. Therefore, it has
become important to strengthen the local produce.
140. Jal Jeevan Mission: J&K, Haryana to provide Tap Connections to all
by 2022
The Jal Jeevan Mission aims to provide drinking water to every household. It aims to
provide tap connections to every rural household. With the COVID-19 crisis at its peak,
the central government is to implement the mission based on priority basis.
1. Highlights
The Central Government has advised the state governments to take up the mission to
achieve twin objectives. This includes providing tap water connections to every rural
household and also to create job opportunities to local people and migrants.
2. Jammu and Kashmir

Jammu and Kashmir will receive RA 680 crores for the Jal Jeevan Mission. So far, 5.75
lakhs have been covered out of 18.17 lakh households. The Territory plans to cover 1.76
lakh households by 2020-21.
3. Haryana
The Haryana Government has provided 1.05 lakh tap connections in the year 2019-20
under the mission. There are 28.94 households in Haryana. Out of these, 18.83 lakhs
already have tap water connections and 10.11 lakh households are to be covered.

The states will frame Village Action Plans. Also, separate Village Water and Sanitation
Committees will be constituted to execute the plans at village level. The Gram
Panchayats will play a major role in implementing the plans.
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141. Men are more vulnerable to COVID-19 than women: How and Why?
Initially there was a hypothesis that men might be more vulnerable to COVID-19 virus
than women. However, the hypothesis has now been proved by a research published in
the European Heart Journal.
1. Highlights
The ACE2 enzyme in the human body is the key factor that enables the COVID-19 to
infect human cells. The study has found out that levels of ACE2 enzymes are more in
men than in women.
2. What is ACE2 enzyme?

The angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 lies in the outer surface of cells of lungs, heart,
kidneys. The primary function of the enzyme is to regulate the transport of amino acids
(amino acids are formed from digestion of proteins).
142. Rs 20 Lakh crore Economic Package: MSME, EPF, NBFC, MFI, Real
Estate Benefited
The Government of India had earlier launched Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana.
Under which Rs 1.7 lakh crore was allocated.
1. Highlights
Under the new scheme, the Finance Minister Nirmala Sitaraman announced 15 different
measures. Of these,
2. MSME
3. 1. Collateral free loans

The loans that are worth Rs 3 lakh crore are made collateral free. This is extended to
firms whose outstanding loans are Rs 25 crore or those firms whose annual turn over is
Rs 100 crore.
4. 2. Stressed MSMEs
Through debt-based scheme, Rs 20,000 crore is being infused in to the economy. This
will help to benefit stressed MSMEs. These stressed MSMEs are those facing equity
problems.
5. 3. Fund of Funds
The GoI is to infuse Rs 50,000 crore by creating fund of funds. This will help those
MSMEs that are viable and eligible. A corpus of Rs 10,000 crore is to be infused through
mother fund and daughter fund framework.
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6. 4. Changed Definition of MSME
The GoI has changed the definition of MSMEs. The new definition has increased the
investment limit upwards. Previously, an enterprise with investment up to Rs 25 lakh
was called a micro unit. Under the new definition, a firm upto investment of Rs 1 crore is
to be called Micro unit, of Rs 10 crore is to be called as small unit and investment
greater than Rs 20 crore will be called as medium unit
7. 5. Global Tenders
Global tenders will be disallowed in government procurement for tenders upto Rs 200
crores. This is because majority of MSME were unable to supply large companies. Indian
MSME were not able to compete global tenders. This will now help achieve self reliant
India.
8. 6. E-Market
The E-Market Linkages are to be strengthened. This is being done as the COVID-19 crisis
has made it highly challenging to conduct trade fairs, exhibitions, etc. Therefore, the
MSMEs have to search online ways to promote their products. Thus, boosting E-market
facilities will help them achieve this.
9. EPF
 Today, under Employment Provident Fund scheme, 12% is contributed by the employee and
12% by the employer. Liquidity relief is to be provided to all EPF establishments. GoI will
infuse Rs 2,500 crores to achieve this. Under this 6.3 lakh establishements will be benefitted.
 To increase take home salary, for those not covered under earlier, Statutory PF contribution
reduced from 12% to 10%.
10. NBFC
 In order to help the struggling Non Banking Financial Corporations, Rs 30,000 crore liquidity is
being injected. This will help NBFCs serve the MSMEs better.
 Also, Rs 45,000 crores is to be infused through Partial Guarantee Scheme 2.0. Under this
scheme, the GoI will bear the first 20% loss.
11. Discoms
 The Discoms are highly affected due to COVID-19 crisis. Therefore, liquidity of Rs 90,000
crore is to be injected.
12. Contractors
The contracts under Transport, Railway sectors, etc will be instructed to extend by 6
months.
13. Real Estate (RERA Projects)

The urban development ministry will issue advisory to states and UTs to instru the
regulatory authority upon bringing upon smooth functioning of the real estate sector.
The pending projects shall be extended till 6 months. Also, registration dates shall be
extended by 6 months.
14. Taxation
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May 14, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
143. Global Energy Transition Index: India ranks 74th
On May 13, 2020, the World Economic Forum released Global Energy Transition Index
(GET Index). India has moved up to 74th rank showing improvements in key parameters
such as energy security, growth and environmental sustainability.
1. About the index

The World Economic Forum has ranked 115 countries based on GET Index in its report
“WEF Fostering Effective Energy Transition 2020 report”. The index has been framed
based on the current performance of the energy systems of the countries, environmental
sustainability, energy security and also based on indicators such as readiness for
transition to sustainable, secure, affordable and inclusive energy systems.
Sweden has topped the ranking for the third consecutive year. It was followed by
Switzerland and Finland. Only France (on the 8th position) and UK (on the 7th position)
were the only G20 countries under top 10.
The report says that India has made significant improvements by expanding its energy
programme. This has been achieved by making bulk procurement of LED bulbs and
smart meters and also by launching programmes for labelling of appliances.
144. COVID-19: Rs 3,100 crores allocated from PM CARES Funds
The PM CARES Fund trust was created on March 27, 2020. It was headed by Prime
Minister Modi. The other members include Home Minister, Defence Minister and Finance
Minister.
1. Ventilators
The allocated funds are to be used to buy 50,000 ventilators. The ventilators are to be
purchased at a cost of Rs 2,000 cores. These ventilators will be supplied to government
run COVID-19 hospitals.
2. Migrants
Around 1000 crores will be provided to state governments and union territories. They
will put at the disposal of municipal commissioners and district collectors. It is to be used
for making food arrangements, transport arrangements and providing medical treatment
to the migrants.
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3. Vaccines
Vaccine against COVID-19 is the current pressing need. In order to support vaccine
developers, Rs 100 crores has been allocated. The disposal of this fund is to be
supervised by the Principal Scientific Advisor.
4. How is PM CARES Funds different?

The PM CARES Funds was dedicated to COVID-19 situation. On the other hand, the Prime
Minister National Relief Fund (PMNRF) was meant for all natural disasters.
5. Concerns
The Comptroller and Auditor General of India were not allowed to audit the funds. The
GoI claims that the funds were collected based in donations of organizations and
individuals and therefore, independent auditors were appointed by the trustees.
145. ICMR issues Guidelines for Antibody Test Kits
On May 13, 2020, the Indian Council of Medical Research released guidelines for using
rapid antibody kits for COVID-19. The Council has also listed the names of the
manufacturers that produced these kits. It includes two Chinese manufacturers as well.
1. Highlights
The antibody tests according to the apex body are not recommended for diagnosis of
COVID-19. The tests are to be used only for surveillance.
2. Issues
The licenses of the two Chinese companies that are now included in the list were
cancelled by the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization. However, they have
found their names in the list. The other companies included in the list were validated at
NIV Pune.
3. Guidelines
The tests are to be done on plasma samples or serum samples or blood samples. The
results of the tests will be available in 30 minutes.
4. Role of NIV
According to health research body, ICMR, the National Institute of Virology (NIV) has so
far validated 42 antibody based rapid tests. Out of these 10 were manufactured in India.
5. Why are antibody test kits used only for surveillance?

Antibody kits are not used for confirming COVID-19 infection. They are only used for
surveillance. This is because the chances of these kits producing false negatives are high
at early stages of COVID-19.
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146. KVIC to implement “Vocal for Local” initiative; Issues Guidelines
Prime Minister Modi recently announced “Atma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan”. Under the
scheme, around 20 lakh crore rupees have been allocated. Along with the scheme, the
Prime Minister also announced “Vocal for Local”.
1. Vocal for Local

The Vocal for Local aims to give voice to the local produce. In other words, it aims to
promote local produce. This is because, with lock down and the threats of COVID-19, it
was the local produces that helped people run their routine. This mainly included the
supply of essential goods.
2. KVIC
In order to achieve, “Vocal for Local”, the KVIC has issued guidelines to implement the
flagship projects under PMEGP (Prime Minister Employment Generation Programme).
3. Guidelines
The applications under PMEGP are to be scrutinized at the earliest and forwarded to the
banks. The banks shall disburse the funds within 15 days. Earlier, the number of days
were 26. The application process is to be implemented by a monitoring cell. This will
help in increasing the employment generation within short duration of time.
4. PMEGP
The scheme was launched in 2008 by merging two schemes namely Prime Minister
Rojgar Yojana and Rural Employment Generation Programme. The programme is
implemented by KVIC.
147. WHO releases Global Nutrition Report, 2020
On May 13, 2020, the World Health Organization released Global Nutrition Report, 2020.
1. Highlights
According to the report, India is one among the 88 countries that are to miss global
nutrition targets set for the year 2025. India also has highest rates of domestic
inequalities, especially in malnutrition. Along with Nigeria and Indonesia, India was
declared the least performing in case of disparities in stunting.
2. The Four Nutritional Indicators

The major 4 nutritional indicators are anemia among women in reproductive age,
stunting among children under-5, exclusive breast feeding and childhood overweight.
The report says that India is to miss the target on all four nutritional indicators.
3. Key Findings
According to the report, between 2000 and 2016, underweight has decreased to 58.1%
from 66% for boys. And for girls, it has decreased from 54.2% to 50.1%. Though the
decrease is evident, it is still higher than that of Asian average which is 35.6% for boys
and 31.8% for girls.
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4. Background
The Global Nutrition Report was conceived during the first Nutrition for Growth Initiative
Summit that was held in 2013.
5. What are the Global Nutrition Targets?

The World Health Assembly in 2012 fixed nutrition targets. They are as follows
6. About the report

The report asks governments to focus on malnutrition as COVID-19 is threatening food
systems and health. On in nine people in the world are hungry and undernourished.
148. What is “Direct Seeding of Rice” being encouraged amongst

farmers?
The farmers of Punjab and Haryana are being encouraged to adopt “direct seeding of
rice” due to shortage of labourers. This is being encouraged in place of conventional
transplanting.
1. Conventional Transplanting
During Conventional Transplanting, the farmers prepare nurseries. The paddy seeds are
first sown in the nurseries and raised to young plants. These young plants are called
seedlings. The seedlings are then uprooted from the nurseries and planted in the main
field. It takes 25 to 35 days for the seedling to raise.
2. Direct Seeding of Rice

In this method, there are no nursery preparation. Instead, the seeds are directly drilled
into the field with the help of a power tractor.
3. Benefits of Direct Seeding

The Direct Seeding of Rice helps in saving water up to 25%. It enhances fertilizer use
and enhances system productivity. This is because, in this method, the fertilizers are
applied in the root zones rather than spraying them on the field. There is minimal
disturbance to soil structure.
149. India attends 7 nation meeting initiated by USA
On May 13, 2020, the External Affairs ministers represented India at the 7 nation
meeting initiated by the United States.
1. Taiwan
The meeting was held on the same day, the US Senate passed an act directing the
Secretary of the State to frame a strategy to make Taiwan an observer at the World
Health Organization.
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2. Why is the meet significant to India?
India is to hold the chair of the World Health Organization in May 2020 after Japan
completes its tenure. India will continue to hold the chair for the next three years. This
comes during the time when there are world wide criticisms faced by WHO. Especially
the US, one of India’s primary trading partner, accused WHO being China-centric. It is to
be noted that US has also cut the funds allocated to the WHO.
3. Analysis
Experts believe that India has been caught in the spat between China and US. Currently
Taiwan is ruled by the Republic of China (ROC). However, China claims Taiwan to be its
part under its “One China Principle”. Taiwanese on the other hand want a separate land.
It is to be noted that US and Taiwan have good economic and defence relations.
150. CSIR and AYUSH Ministry begin clinical trials of four Ayurvedic
Drugs
On May 13, 2020, the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research and the Ministry of
AYUSH began clinical trials of four Ayurvedic drugs. The four formulations include
Ashwagandha, Guduchi + Pippali, Yashtimadhu and AYUSH-64.
1. Highlights
A Taskforce has been formed to implement the trials. A comparative and competitive
study is to be conducted between Ashwagandha and Hydroxychloroquine.
2. What is AYUSH-64?
AYUSH-64 is an ayurvedic anti-malarial drug. The drug has proved its efficiency in
treating malaria. In 1984, western Rajasthan was affected badly due to malaria. The
drug was highly effective as it proved its efficiency in more than 3,600 cases. Also, in
1995 Assam was affected due to similar epidemic. The AYUSH-64 drug again proved its
efficacy in treating 10,000 malaria affected people. The drug is made of natural
ingredients alone.
3. Ashwagandha
It is usually consumed to increase immunity of the body against cold, cough and viral
infections. Ashwagandha is a leaf.
4. Guduchi
Guduchi is an Ayurvedic root. It possesses antipyretic, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant
properties. It helps to fight respiratory issues and also heal digestive problems.
5. Yashtimadhu
Yashtimadhu is a stem. It is used to heal sore throat, irritation in the throat and cough.
Apart from this, it also has ulcer fighting properties.
6. Pippali
Pippali is a medicinal herb. The root of the herb is used. It is used to improve blood
circulation and treat asthma.
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151. India attends SCO meeting
On May 13, 2020, External Affairs Minister of India Shri S Jaishankar represented India at
SCO (Shanghai Cooperation Organization) foreign minister meet. The meet was attended
by foreign ministers through video conferencing.
1. Highlights
The foreign ministers at the meet discussed COVID-19 crisis and coordination efforts.
They also discussed about social and economic consequences of the crisis and how to
tackle it. Apart from COVID-19, the major issue discussed was the situation in
Afghanistan. The ministers also discussed about the upcoming 75th anniversary of World
War 2 and also the 75th anniversary of United Nations.
2. India in SCO
The minister expressed India’s readiness in sharing information and expertise in the fight
against COVID-19. Also, he mentioned about the economic package that was announced
in India on May 12, 2020.
3. SCO
The Shanghai Cooperation Organization was formed in 2003. It extended its membership
to 8 countries in 2017 after joining India and Pakistan. It covers three-fifths of the
Eurasian continent.
152. FAO Report: Global Forest Resources Assessment, 2020
On May 13, 2020, the Food and Agriculture Organization released the Global Forest
Resources Assessment Report, 2020. According to the report, around 178 million
hectares of forests is lost in the last 30 years. However, the rate at which the forests are
being destroyed has reduced.
1. Key Findings
The report says that between 2015 and 2020, the rate of forest loss has declined to 10
million hectares. Between 2010 and 2015, the forest loss was 12 million hectares. This
shows that the rate of forest loss is declining. The Forest Resource Assessment Report
has examined the status of forests in more than 236 countries and territories between
the period 1990 and 2020.
2. Region Wise
Africa had the largest decline of forest of all the continents. Around 3.9 million hectares
(per year) of forest land were destroyed in the continent between 2000 and 2010.
Following Africa, South America faced largest forest loss at 2.6 million hectares (per
year) in the same time period.
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3. Types of Forests
The largest proportion of the forest that currently contributes on the earth is the tropical
forest standing at 45%. The tropical forests were followed by boreal forest, temperate
forests and subtropical forests.
4. Five major countries

The report says that currently 5 major countries in the world contribute to the forest
resources of the world. They are Brazil, USA, Canada, China and Russia.
153. PM-KISAN Scheme: Rs 18,517 crores released
On May 14, 2020, the Agriculture Ministry released Rs 18,517 crores under PM-KISAN
scheme. This will help benefit 9.25 crores of families.
1. Highlights
The Government of India has so far released Rs 18,517 crores under PM-KISAN scheme
since the lock down. The funds were released as a part of Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan
Ann Yojana.
2. PM-KISAN
The Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi Yojana was launched on 24th February, 2019.
Under the scheme, all the small and marginal farmers are to be provided with income
support of Rs 6,000 per year in three installments. The amount is to be directly
deposited to the farmers’ accounts. The annual expenditure estimated to implement the
scheme is Rs 75,000 crore.
154. COVID-19: ICMR participates in Global Solidarity Trials of WHO
The Indian Council for Medical Research is to participate in Global Solidarity Trial of
COVID-19 launched by the World Health Organization (WHO).
1. About the trials

The WHO has launched four mega trials to test the efficiency and accuracy of four
treatments. The treatments are as follows
2. Gujarat participates in the trial

The Gujarat Hospitals from four major cities are to participate in the trial. This includes
Vadodara, Ahmedabad, Surat and Rajkot. The ICMR will represent the WHO in conducting
the trials in India. Volunteer patients from the hospitals of these four cities are to be
included in the trials.
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155. Rs 20,000 lakh crore of Atma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan: Second
Tranche Announced
On May 14, 2020, the Finance Minister Nirmala Sitaraman announced the second
tranche of the Rs 20,000 lakh crore economic package under Atma Nirbhar Bharat
Abhiyan.
1. Highlights
The second tranche of the economic package focuses on migrant workers, small traders,
street vendors, self-employed. The second part of the scheme is to be implemented in
nine steps.
2. Migrant Workers
2.1. Food
Through public distribution system, free food grains are to be supplied to be supplied to
migrant workers. The non-card holders will receive 5 kg of wheat or rice per month and 1
kg of pulses per month. This will benefit around 8 crore migrants. The total cost of Rs
3.500 crores to implement the scheme is to be born by the central government.
2.2. Accommodation
The Government will is to launch a scheme under Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana for urban
poor. The scheme will aim at providing ease of living at affordable rent. It will aim at
converting GoI funded housings to affordable housing complexes. Also, the Government
of India will incentivize industries, manufacturing units and institutions that come
forward to establish such complexes in private land
3. MUDRA Loans
The GoI is to provide interest subvention of 2% for MUDRA Shishu loans for a period of
12 months.
4. Street Vendors
The GoI will launch a special credit facility to the street vendors within a month. The
initial working capital for the street vendors has been fixed as Rs 10,000. The support is
to be provided to more than 50 lakh street vendors. Under this a liquidity of Rs 5,000
crores is to be infused in the country.
5. Housing
Under the Credit Linked Subsidy Scheme (CLSS), Rs 70,000 crore is to be infused into
the housing sector. Around 2.5 lakh middle income families are to be benefitted. It will
also help in increasing employment generation and stimulate the demand of cement,
steel and other construction materials.
6. CAMPA Funds
The GoI will shortly provide a plan to infuse Rs 6,000 crores of CAMPA (Compensatory
Afforestation Management and Planning Authority) funds in to the economy. This will
help in creating job opportunities in rural and semi-urban areas.
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7. NABARD
Additional emergency funds of Rs 30,000 crores has been allocated to the NABARD. This
will help the organization in funding cooperative and regional rural banks.
8. KISAN Credit Cards

Through KISAN Credit Cards around Rs 2 lakh crores are being allocated as concessional
credit to farmers. A special drive is to be conducted to provide new concessional KISAN
credit cards. The fishermen and animal husbandry farmers will be included in the drive.
9. Direct Support to Farmers

Around 3 crore farmers have availed loans provided at concessional rates. The loans
sanctioned amounted to Rs 4.22 lakh crores. Along with this and the PM-KISAN scheme,
the GoI has so far allocated Rs 25,000 crores to the farmers.
10. Liquidity Support

The liquidity support during the lock down in terms of loans amounted to Rs 86,600
crores. This was given through 63 lakh loans. The GoI stresses the fact that the loans
were provided even during lock down.
11. RIDF
Through the Rural Infrastructure Development Fund, operating under NABARD Rs 4,200
crores has been provided. This is to be exclusively used for rural infrastructure. This data
pertains to the month of March 2020 alone.
12. State government

Around Rs 6,700 crores has been sanctioned for the state governments to procure
agricultural produce.
13. Urban Poor

The GOI permitted state governments to utilize State Disaster Response funds. These
funds were to be utilized for providing shelter for migrants and food and water.
14. Role of Self Help Groups

The SHGs have played crucial role during COVID-19 crisis. Around 12,000 SHGs have
produced 3 crore masks and 1.02 lakh litres of sanitizers.
15. MNREGA
GoI has been helping the migrant workers through MNREGA scheme as well. The number
of workers enrolled in May 2020 under the scheme is 40% to 50% more than that joined
in May 2019.
16. Labour Codes

The Labour Code amendment is under consideration in the Parliament. The amendments
include
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May 15, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
156. COBAS 6800: India’s first automated COVID-19 testing machine
On May 14, 2020, the Union Health Minister Dr Harsh Vardhan dedicated the COBAS
6800 RT PCR machine to the nation.
1. Highlights
The machine is completely automated and performs high end RT-PCR tests. The machine
will help to increase the testing capacity of the country. It has been placed at National
Centre for Disease Control, Delhi. The machine can also detect pathogens such as
Hepatitis, Chlamydia, HIV, Papiloma, MTb, Chlamydia, CMV, Neisseria, etc.
2. Why is it placed in NCDC?

The machine has been placed in NCDC as it requires Basic Safety Level 2 testing
facilities. There are 4 Bio-Safety levels that are followed in the country
3. Background
The machine was developed by Roche Diagnostics. The main objective of developing the
machine is to increase testing capacity of India. So far India is using the rapid antibody
test kits only for surveillance. RT-PCR tests are being used to confirm COVID-19 infection
as it is more accurate.
157. United Nations releases World Economic Situation and Prospects

Report, 2020
The United Nations recently released the World Economic Situation and Prospects
Report, 2020. According to the report, the world economy is to shrink by 3.2% in 2020.
The GDP growth in developed countries will decline to -0.5% in 2020.
The report says that the growth rate of India in 2018 was 6.8% and in 2019 it was 4.1%.
It will reduce to 1.2% in 2020. The report predicts that the growth of India will raise
eventually in 2021 hitting 5.5%
The Global economy is to gradually recover by 2021. The world economy will lose around
8.5 trillion USD due to COVID-19. Also, the global economy is to shrink by 4.9% in 2020.
Around 34.3 million people are to enter below poverty line by 2020.
3. Solutions suggested
The report has suggested following solutions to combat COVID-19
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158. SAMARTH scheme implemented by NIT Kurukshetra
On May 14, 2020, NIT implemented the SAMARTH scheme. It was developed by the
Department of Higher Education operating under Ministry of Human Resources and
Development developed SAMARTH, an e-governance platform. The platform was
developed under National Mission of Education in Information and Communication
Technology Scheme. It is called the NMEICT Scheme in short.
1. About SAMARTH
The platform will provide information to strengthen the productivity through better
information management. It caters faculties and students by providing different study
modules. It is an open source architecture and works on a n automated software. It
works through a secure, scalable and evolutionary process. The platform has been
implemented at the National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra.
2. National Institute of Kurukshetra

The institute is currently participating under the World Bank scheme called Technical
Education Quality Improvement Programme.
3. Technical Education Quality Improvement Programme

The Programme was launched by the Ministry of Human Resource Development in 2002.
It aims to upscale the quality of technical education and enhance capacities of
institutions.
159. India attends Common Wealth Health Ministers Meet
On May 14, 2020, India attended the 32nd Commonwealth Health Ministers Meeting
through video conferencing. The meeting was held under the following theme
1. Highlights
The member countries shared their experiences and lessons in the fight against COVID-
19. They also discussed on the essential collective and national actions. The ministers
made recommendations to make sure the unreached population are not left behind. The
meeting was chaired by the Fiji Minister for Health and Medical Services Dr Ifereimi
Waqainabete.
2. India’s contributions
India at the meet, shared its measures in response to COVID-19 crisis. The following
were presented by Dr Harsh Vardhan at the meet
3. Common Wealth Grouping

The Common Wealth Grouping comprises of 54 countries. It was established in 1926. It
was constituted through London Declaration in 1949. The idea of the grouping was
initiated by the British.
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160. India attends second G20 Virtual Trade and Investment Ministers
Meet
The Union Minister Shri Piyush Goyal represented India at the second G20 Virtual Trade
and Investment Ministers Meeting through video conferencing.
1. Highlights
The video conferencing was hosted by the current chair of G20 grouping, Saudi Arabia.
Since April 2020, Saudi Arabia has hosted a series of such virtual summits to discuss
COVID-19 threats, containment measures and economic challenged posed by the virus.
2. Background
On 30 March, the G20 leaders agreed on the requirement for a “Coordinated Global
Response”. In order to implement actions taken under coordinated global response,
meetings were held on energy, labour, employment, agriculture, tourism and digital
economy.
3. Earlier G20 meet

The G20 leaders have been focusing on tourism, energy and labour. In the end of April
2020, the corresponding ministers of the three sectors from the member countries held
video conferences to work together and address the issue.
161. What is “Collective Conscience” invoked by Indian Courts in Death

Penalty cases?
Project 39A was conducted by a team of National Law University, Delhi. According to the
project, the Indian Courts invoke “Collective Conscience” of the society in most of the
death penalty cases.
1. Project details
The study chose three states and Union Territories namely Madhya Pradesh, Delhi and
Maharashtra. These states were chosen as they ranked high in awarding capital
punishments
2. Findings
The study has found out that around between 2000 and 2015, 72% of cases of Delhi trial
courts that awarded death penalty has invoked “Collective Conscience”. In Madhya
Pradesh, this was invoked in 42% of death penalty cases and in Maharashtra it was
invoked in 51% of death penalty cases.
3. Recommendations of Law Commission

The Law Commission in 2015, headed by Justice A P Shah proposed to abolish capital
punishments. However, the commission had made the proposal only to non-terrorism
cases. According to the commission, India is one among few countries that still carry out
executions. The other countries that practice executions include Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia,
China. By the end of 2014, 98 countries had abolished death penalty.
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162. Group of Ministers submitted draft proposal on Employment and
Skill Development
The Group of Ministers Committee formed under the leadership of Social Justice and
Empowerment Minister recently submitted its draft proposals on employment and skill
development.
1. Proposals made
The following proposals were made by the draft
2. Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana

The draft has suggested to enroll every migrant worker under the programme. This will
help him get access to cashless medical facilities. It is to be noted that the Pradhan
Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana has been involved in the COVID-19 fight.
3. Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana

The proposal has suggested to leverage the potential of Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas
Yojana. This will help create a balance between the farming and non-farming activities.
163. New Scheme for Diary Sector: GoI subsidizes interest rates on
working capital
On May 14, 2020, the Government of India launched a new scheme for the diary sector.
The scheme has introduced Interest Subvention on Working Capital to support Diary
Cooperatives and FPO (Farmer Producer Organization).
1. Key Features
The scheme intends to modernize existing milk processing units. It will also enhance the
milk processing capacity of the country to 126 lakh litres per day.
2. NDDB
The National Dairy Development Board was established through an act of Parliament of
India. It was founded in 1965. The main aim of the board was to spread similar
successes as that of the AMUL Cooperative. The World Bank assisted the mission. It was
named “Operation Flood” and lasted for 26 years.
164. India finds a tool to get deeper insight into Parkinson’s Disease
The Scientists of IIT Dhanbad and CSIR (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research)
have teamed up together to find a major cause of Parkinson’s disease a solution.
1. Key Findings
Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disease and so far, no cure has been found
to heal the disease. The researchers of these institutes have found a technique to
monitor the aggregation of ASyn protein.
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2. ASyn Protein
The aggregation of protein called Alpha Synuclein (ASyn) has a crucial role in causing
the disease. The aggregation of this protein leads to the death of the neuronal cells of
the Parkinson’s patients.
3. Significance
The aggregation of protein ASyn has always remained a mystery to doctors. The
aggregation generally happens in the mid brain of the patients. The end points of the
aggregation forms fibres. These fibres emit fluorescence. Therefore, it is highly difficult
to target them.
165. GI Tag provided to Telangana’s Telia Rumal and Jharkhand’s Sohrai

Khovar painting
The Government of India recently provided GI Tag to Telia Rumal of Telangana and
Sohrai Khovar painting of Jharkhand.
1. Highlights
The application for the Sohrai Khovar painting of Jharkhand was made by Sohra Kala
Mahila Vikas Sahyog Samiti. The application for the Telia Rumal of Telangana was made
by the Consortium of Puttapaka Handloom Cluster.
2. Sohrai Khovar Painting

The painting is created by the local tribal women in Jharkhand. It is a traditional and
ritualistic mural art. The painting is practiced only in the districts of Hazaribagh. It is
created only during marriage and harvest seasons. The tribal women use naturally
available soils of different colours.
3. Telia Rumal
The Telia Rumal is made of complex handmade work over cotton loomed cloth. It is
created using traditional handloom process. The process is complicated and can be
created only through traditional handloom processes. The designs are created in three
particular colours. This includes red, white and black.
166. Investment Capacity of India in renewable sector reached 500-700

billion USD
The Institute of Energy Economics and Financial Analysis published a study according to
which India has increased its potential of renewable energy investments to 500-700
billion USD. This is mainly because of improvements in solar power in the country.
1. Highlights
According to the study, the ultra-mega solar parks in the country have attracted foreign
capital. The Bhadla Solar Park in Rajasthan is the largest solar park in the world. It is
spread over 14,000 acres. The capacity of the park is 2245 MW of power.
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2. Ultra-Mega Power Plant
The concept of ultra-mega solar parks was framed by India in 2016. In 2016, the Ministry
of New and Renewable Energy had set a target of setting up of 40 industrial solar parks
with a capacity of 20GW. The target was doubled to 40 GW in 2022.
167. What is Event Bolt Malware in news recently?
The Computer Emergency Response of Team (CERT) of India has issued warning against
a new malware called “EventBot”. The malware according to CERT steals personal
financial information from Android phone users.
1. Highlights
The Eventbolt malware that is spreading is a Trojan. It cheats victims secretly attacking
computer or phone operating system. Currently, the malware is capable of targeting
more than 200 different financial applications. The malware has already looted crypto
currency wallets, bank accounts in Europe and US. It targets money-transfer services,
financial applications.
2. Current Scenario
According to CERT, the malware has currently attacked financial applications such as
Paypal, UniCredit, HSBC, Coinbase, TrasnferWise, etc.
3. CERT
Cert operates under Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology. It is the nodal
agency in India that deals with hacking, cyber security threats, phishing, etc. CERT
represents India at the Shanghai Cooperation Organization MoU signed by India. Around
7 countries signed this MoU. This includes Australia, Korea, Canada, Singapore, Malaysia,
Japan, India and Uzbekistan.
4. Cyber Swachhta Kendra

The Cyber Swachhta Kendra aims to create secure cyber space by detecting botnet
infections within the country. It is operated by CERT according to the provision in Section
70B of Information Technology Act, 2000.
168. Third Tranche of Rs 20 lakh Economic Package announced
With the PM Modi announcing the Atma Nirmar Bharat Abhiyan on May 12, 2020, Rs 20
lakh crore were allocated to ease life of the people during Lock Down 4.0. Following this,
the Finance Minister Nirmala Sitaraman held two press meets earlier explaining the
country about the split of these funds.
1. Infrastructure and Capacity Building

 Around Rs 1 lakh crore is being allocated to Farmer Producer Organization and cooperative
societies. This includes cold chains, post-harvest management infrastructure, storage
centres, etc. This mainly targets the startups and entrepreneurs that reach the produce to
the markets.
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 Rs 10,000 crores has been allocated to Micro Food Enterprises. A scheme is to be launched
under which the funds will be used to support local produce highlighting. It is to be noted that
PM Modi had mentioned “Vocal for Local” during his speech in Atma Nirar Bharat Abhiyan.
This will work on cluster based approach. Under the initiative, Kashmir can focus on Saffron,
Bihar on Makhana, Tamil Nadu on Tapioca, Karnataka on Ragi, Andhra Pradesh on Chillies,
North East on Bamboo and so on. Also, additional focus is to be provided on SC, STs and
women.
 This will work on cluster based approach. Under the initiative, Kashmir can focus on Saffron,
Bihar on Makhana, Tamil Nadu on Tapioca, Karnataka on Ragi, Andhra Pradesh on Chillies,
North East on Bamboo and so on. Also, additional focus is to be provided on SC, STs and
women.
 Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana
The scheme was announced during Union Budget 2020-21. Rs 20,000 crore has been
allocated to aquaculture and marine related fisheries operations. This will also help India
doubling its fisheries export.
 The scheme was announced during Union Budget 2020-21. Rs 20,000 crore has been
allocated to aquaculture and marine related fisheries operations. This will also help India
doubling its fisheries export.
 Rs 13,000 crores has been allocated to National Animal Disease Control Programme
 Rs 15,000 crores has been allocated to Animal Husbandry Infrastructure Development Fund.
This will support private investments in dairy.
 Rs 4,000 crores has been allocated to promote the cultivation of herbs and medicinal plants.
 Rs 500 crores has been allocated for bee keeping initiatives. This will benefit 2 lakh bee
keeping farmers. Wax is currently being imported in India for industrial purposes. Boosting
the bee keeping sector will help to reduce wax imports.
 The Operation Greens (TOP) scheme that focuses on Tomatoes, Onion and Potatoes has been
extended to all fruits and vegetables.
2. Governance and Administrative Reforms

 Essential Commodities Act
The act is to be amended. The food stuffs such as cereals, oilseeds, edible oils, pulses, potato
and onions are to be deregulated.
 The act is to be amended. The food stuffs such as cereals, oilseeds, edible oils, pulses, potato
and onions are to be deregulated.
 Marketing choices are to be provided to the farmers. A central law is to be constituted to
make sure farmers do not have barriers such as inter-state trade within the country.
 Quality Assurance and Agriculture Produce Price are to be provided before the sowing season
begins. A legal framework will be brought in to achieve this. Large retailers, exporters, food
processors will be included in the process.
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3. Lock Down in India and GoI steps
India is the largest milk producer, largest pulse producers and also largest jute producer.
It is also the second largest in the production of sugarcane, fruits, vegetables, cotton,
groundnuts and fisheries. India is the third largest producer of cereals.
May 16, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
169. Light Weight Carbon Foam Batteries developed by CSIR
The researcher from Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) has developed
light carbon foam that will replace lead batteries. The carbon foam is easy to fabricate,
non-toxic and affordable.
1. Highlights
The researcher is a recipient of INSPIRE Faculty award. The material developed by the
institute has the potential to replace lead-acid batteries. It is also useful to make heat
sink, electromagnetic interference shielding in aerospace, electrode for lead-acid
batteries, hydrogen storage and water purification systems.
2. Benefits
The raw materials to make the carbon foam is easily available. It also helps to remove
oil, arsenic and other metals from contaminated water.
3. Carbon Foam Batteries

The Carbon foams are porous. The pores in the batteries help increase efficiency. The
micro cells completely make a new type of electrolyte structure. Hence, the power,
energy and life cycle of the batteries increases.
4. How are carbon foam batteries better than Lead-acid batteries?

Carbon Foam batteries have better life cycle as compared to the lead-acid batteries.
They are built three-fifth the cost of other advanced batteries.
5. India in Carbon Foam Batteries

The world’s first carbon foam manufacturing unit was set up in Gujarat in 2011. 20% of
the produce in these industries are being exported and the rest are being used for
electric vehicles.
170. Injectable Silk-Fibroin based Hydrogel developed by JNCASR
The JNCASR (Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research) has developed
injectable silk-fibroin based hydrogel to deliver sustained insulin to diabetic patients.
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1. Highlights
The researchers have found that subcutaneous injection of insulin with fibroid based
hydrogel formed an active depot under the skin. This helped to leach out insulin, restore
physiological glucose for a longer period of time.
2. Diabetes
The body cells of Diabetic patients do not get glucose. This is because insulin that helps
glucose in blood reach body cells is not secreted properly in these patients.
3. What is Fibroin?
Fibroin is an insoluble protein. Silk has two proteins in its raw state called sericin and
fibroin. The fibroin is produced by silk worm. It has three chains and light and heavy
glycoprotein.
4. What is a Hydrogel?
A Hydrogel is a network of polymer chains. They are made of polyvinyl alcohol, acrylate
polymers and sodium polyacrylate and copolymers.
5. Applications of Hydrogel
Hydrogels are highly absorbent. They are used in tissue engineering. The hydrogels that
are responsive specific molecules are used as biosensors. They are also used in diapers
and sanitary napkins. They are also used in breast implants.
6. What are smart hydrogels?

The smart hydrogels are used in artificial intelligence systems. They are environmentally
sensitive. They have the ability to sense changes of temperature, pH, concentration of
metabolite, etc.
171. Defence Testing Infrastructure Scheme approved
On May 15, 2020, Defence Testing Infrastructure Scheme was approved by the Defence
Minister Raj Nath Singh. The scheme is to be implemented at an estimated amount of Rs
400 crores.
1. Highlights
The Defence Research Development Organization and the 41 ordinance factories in the
country have created testing facilities for ammunition, firearms, radar and electronic
arms at the expense of GoI.
2. About the Testing Facilities

The testing Facilities will be used to test UAVs (Unmanned Vehicles), radars, drones,
rubber testing, telecom equipment testing, shock testing, noise testing, ship motion
testing, blast testing, environment test facilities testing, etc.

Under the scheme, over six to eight test facilities are to be brought in the country. 75%
of the cost to set up these facilities will be born by the Central Government. The rest of
25% is to come through private entities and the state government.
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4. Defence Industrial Corridors
There are two main industrial corridors in India. They are in Uttar Pradesh and Tamil
Nadu. The testing centres will also help these industries to test their products.
5. Defence Exports
The scheme will also help to aid India’s Defence Export targets. During the Defexpo
2020, India had set a target of boosting defence exports to 5 billion USD in next five
years.
172. ICGS Sachet Commissioned in Goa: First Coast Guard Offshore

Patrol Vessel
On May 15, 2020, the Indian Coast Guard commissioned the first Coast Guard Offshore
Patrol Vessel, ICGS Sachet in Goa. The ceremony was chaired by the Defence Minister
Raj Nath Singh virtually.
1. Highlights
ICGS Sachet is one of the five ships under CGOPV (Coast Guard Offshore Patrol Vehicle)
project. The project was a follow-on project of the earlier six ship CGOPV project that was
completed in 2017.
2. About ICGS Sachet

All the five ships including ICGS Sachet are 105 metres long and are capable of carrying
2,350 tonnes of load. These vessels are fitted with technologically advanced machinery
and control systems. They make them the most advance patrol vessels in the Indian
Coast Guard system.
3. CG OPV project
Under the CG OPV that completed in 2017, six Samarth-class ships were commissioned
to the Indian Coast Guard. They are now in operation with the ICG.
4. Samarth Class OPV

The Samarth Class OPV were preceded by the Vishwast Class OPV and succeeded by the
Vikram Class OPVs. It was initiated following the 2008 Mumbai attacks. Because, the
intelligence unit found that the terrorists involved in the attack reached India by seas.
173. “Goal Programme” launched for Tribal Youth
The Union Minister for Tribal Affairs, Arjun Munda launched “GOAL Programme”. GOAL
Programme is Going Online As Leaders. The programme has been launched in
partnership with Facebook.
1. Highlights
The programme is being launched to provide mentorship to the tribal youth in digital
mode. This will act as catalyst to bring out more hidden talents of tribal youth. Also, it
will help in their personal development.
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2. Benefits
The programme will help to empower more than 5,000 tribal youths. The programme
has been framed with long term missions. It will help to develop the potential of tribal
youth and women. Also, it helps them acquire knowledge and skills through mentorship
in food processing, horticulture, bee keeping, medicinal herbs, etc.
3. Portal
The Ministry has also opened a portal called goal.tribal.gov.in to invite applications from
aspiring candidates. The mentors and mentees have to register on the portal that will be
open between May and July, 2020.
4. About the Programme

The programme will focus on three areas such as Life skills, digital literacy and
Leadership and Entrepreneurship on sectors such as agriculture, handicrafts and
textiles, art and culture, nutrition, etc.
5. Other Efforts
Along with the programme, GoI is planning to merge Start Up India, Mudra Yojana,
Kaushal Vikas Yojana, Jan Dhan Yojana. This will help increase the beneficiaries. Also, it
will fast track the reach of the programme. It will also help to extend the programme to
other areas other than sports.
174. AIIB sanctions 145 million USD loan for Major Irrigation Project of
West Bengal
On May 15, 2020, the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank approves a loan of 145
million USD to improve irrigation facilities and flood management West Bengal
1. Highlights
The project is to focus on the Damodar Valley of West Bengal. It will benefit more than
2.7 million farmers spread across five districts of West Bengal. The total value of the
project is 413.8 million USD. Apart from the AIIB, the project is also co-financed by IBRD
(International Bank of Reconstruction and Development).
2. Damodar River
The river flows across the states of Jharkhand and West Bengal. The river is called
“Sorrow of Bengal”. The river got the name as if ravages floods in the plains of Bengal.
Some of the major tributaries of Damodar river include Haharo, Barakar, Bokaro, Konar,
Ghari, Jamunia, Khadia, Guaia and Bhera.
3. Chhota Nagpur Plateau

It is a plateau in the eastern India. It covers the state of Odisha, Chhattisgarh and West
Bengal. The Palamau Tiger Reserve and Sanjay National Park lies in the plateau. Around
6% of the plateaus lie in the protected area zone.
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175. COVID-19: President Ram Nath Kovind to donate 30% of his salary
for a year
The President Ram Nath Kovind recently announced that he is to donate 30% of his
salary to aid the GoI in the fight against COVID-19. The Rashtrapti Bhavan will also follow
set of restrictions under the instruction of the President to save money and aid the fight.
This is being done to set an example to economize expenditure and save money to fight
against COVID-19
1. Highlights
Apart from the salary cut, domestic tours and programmes of the president will also be
cut. This will help in social distancing restrictions and also will help to minimize
expenditure. Also, the president will minimize his at home ceremonies by decreasing his
guest lists, reducing food menu and also by using lesser flowers and decorative items.
The repair and maintenance works of Rashtrapati Bhavan are to be minimized.
2. Salary of the president

The Union Budget 2018 increased the salaries of president and vice president of the
country. Currently, the salary of president of India is 5 lakhs per month. Before the raise,
it was Rs 1.5 lakhs per month. Also, the vice president salary was increased from Rs 1.10
lakhs to Rs 4 lakhs. The salaries of state governors were also increased to Rs 3.5 lakhs.
All the raises were introduced by the Union Budget 2018
3. Article 59
The article says that the emoluments and allowances of the President of India shall not
be reduced during his term of office. But in this case, the President is offering it as
donation at his will and the salary is not being cut.
176. May 16: International Day of Light
Every year, on May 16, International Day of Light is celebrated by UNESCO. The day is
being celebrated to mark the first successful operation of LASER in 1960. The first
successful LASER operation was done by an engineer and physicist Theodore Maiman.
1. Highlights
The day celebrates the role of light in art, culture, science, sustainable development and
education. The day is administered by International Basic Science Programme that is
conducted by UNESCO.
2. International Basic Science Programme

The Programme was established by UNESCO and its member states to reinforce
intergovernmental cooperation between partner organizations to strengthen national
capacities in basic sciences.
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3. Goals
The International Day of Light day aims to improve the public understanding of how light
and light based technologies help in development of future society. It also signifies the
fact that technology help in playing greater role in saving energy and therefore, lighting
technologies need to be protected.
177. World Bank approves 1 billion USD to India
On May 15, 2020, the World Bank approved 1 billion USD aid to India to accelerate
“India’s COVID-19 Special Protection Response Programme”. The fund will be used to
provide social assistance to poor, severely impacted and vulnerable households.
1. Highlights
Of the 1 billion USD aid, around 550 million USD is to be credited by the IDA
(International Development Association) and 220 million USD by the IBRD (International
Bank of Reconstruction and Development). The final maturity amount of the loan is 18.5
years. It also includes a grace period of five years.

The World Bank will partner with India in three areas namely, health, social protection
and MSME (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises).
3. Other aids
India has also received financial aids from AIIB (Asian Infrastructure and Investment
Bank), ADB (Asian Development Bank).
178. Rajiv Gandhi Kisan Nyay Yojana to be launched by Chhattisgarh
The Chhattisgarh State Government is to launch the Rajiv Gandhi Kisan Nyay Yojana.
The scheme is to be launched on May 21, 2020. The scheme is being launched to
commemorate the death anniversary of the former Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi.
1. Highlights
The scheme will infuse Rs 5,100 crores into the rural economy of the state. This is to be
done through Direct Benefit Transfer. The provisions for the scheme was made during
the State Budget 2020-21.
2. Features
Under the scheme, the farmers are to be paid Rs 10,000 per acre for the crops such as
sugarcane, corn and paddy. The scheme will benefit more than 1.87 million farmers. The
funds are to be transferred to the farmers based on the registered and notified areas for
oilseeds and pulses
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3. Other States
It is to be noted that Telangana became the first state to tell the farmers what to grow.
And through this, the state government has reduced the paddy growing to 50 lakh acres.
Also, it will prioritize the other required food grains based on the requirement of the
state.
4. Vocal for Local

These schemes will make the states self-sufficient and will aid in the Vocal for Local that
is to be implemented in the country. The COVID-19 crisis has very well shown the
importance of local produce. This boosts the income of the farmers and also makes the
essential goods available in affordable prices.
179. ENAM succeeds touching milestone of 1000 Mandis
The ENAM initiative is spread across 18 states and three union territories currently. The
Government of India recently added 38 Mandi to the initiative and has reached its set
target of 1000 Mandis.
1. Highlights
Recently, the Government of India linked 200 Mandis to ENAM and another 117 in a
short duration after this. Adding 38 more Mandis to the network, ENAM has achieved its
set target of integrating 1000 mandis. Out of these 38 mandis, 19 were from Madhya
Pradesh, four from Maharashtra, 10 from Telangana and one each from Haryana,
Gujarat, Punjab, Jammu and Kashmir and Kerala.
2. What was the target?

The GoI had set a target of linking 1000 Mandis to the ENAM platform in April 2020. This
was set up to help farmers during the lock down period. This target has now been
achieved.
3. ENAM
The ENAM initiative was launched in 2016. The scheme aimed to network all the mandis
under the platform called “One Nation One Market”. The platform also aims to reduce
transaction costs and help in expansion of market access to farmers. So far 1.66 crore
farmers and 1,31,000 traders are registered under ENAM platform.
180. Fourth Tranche of Atma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan announced
On May 16, 2020, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitaraman announced the fourth tranche of
Atma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan. The scheme allocated Rs 20 lakh crores to help people
during Lock Down 4.0.
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1. Highlights
The Government of India is to bring upon policy reforms in eight sectors. This includes
coal, minerals, defence production, civil aviation (air space managements, air ports,
MRO (Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul)), power distribution companies in the union
territories, space, atomic energy.
2. Coal Sector
Commercial mining is to brought in coal sector. The mining is to be done on revenue
sharing basis and make coal available at market prices. Incentives are to be provided to
companies that are interested in coal gasification. This is done to reduce the coal-based
pollution.
3. Minerals
A new regime is to be introduced where a seamless exploration-cum-mining-cum-
production will take place. This is currently being undertaken by different stakeholders.
Integrating the entire chain under a single collective stakeholder will certainly help
improve the efficiency.
4. Defence Production
The Defence production is to focus on Make in India initiative. The GoI is to notify a list of
weapons and platforms on which an import ban is to be imposed. This will improve
indigenous production of the country. Every year, the list is to be updated. A separate
budget provisioning is to be brought in for domestic capital procurement in the defence
sector.
5. Civil aviation
5.1. Air Space Management

Only 60% of air space is freely available. This is mainly due to defence restrictions. Due
to this, India has been using longer routes rather than optimized routes. This is being
eased and this will help save flying cost till Rs 1000 crores. This will help in reducing fuel,
travel time.
5.2. Airports
Six more airports are to be auctioned under PPP model.
5.3. MRO
GoI intends to make India a MRO hub. Most of the aircrafts in India go abroad to get their
maintenance and repair works done. Therefore, GoI has allocated Rs 2000 crores to
establish these MRO zones within the country. It is to be noted that the Union Budget
2020-21 had allocated Rs 800 crores for the same and now it has been increased.
6. Power Distribution Companies in Union Territories

The Power Distribution Companies in Union Territories are to be privatized. A Tariff Policy
is to be announced soon to achieve this.
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7. Space
Private Sectors are to be allowed as co-traveller in space journey of India. The private
sectors will be allowed to use ISRO facilities. Also, the future projects such as outer
space travel, planetary exploration are to be opened to private sector.
8. Atomic Energy
GoI will establish research reactor in PPP mode to produce medical isotopes. This will
make the treatment to certain diseases such as cancer affordable. Also, facilities are to
be established to make use of the irradiation technology for food preservation.
9. Social Infrastructure Projects

The Government of India has allocated Rs 8,100 crores to boost private sector
investments in the social infrastructure projects. The GoI is to enhance quantum of
Viability Gap Funding (VGF) up to 30%. Usually the VGF given is 30%.
10. Significance
The Government of India is to focus on fast tracking investment efforts in Atma Nirbhar
Bharat. Project Development Cell is to be formed in every ministry. Ranking of states is
to be done to bring upon competitive federalism that will help in faster development.
Incentive schemes are to be brought upon to support Make in India.
11. Portal
So far, 3,376 industrial parks have been set up in India in around 5 lakh hectares of land.
These lands are to be mapped under the Industrial Information System. Also, the
industrial parks are to be ranked in 2020-21
181. Sikkim celebrates 45th State Day
On May 16, 2020, the Sikkim Government celebrates its 45th Statehood Day. Every year
Sikkim celebrates its State Day in May 16 as the state came into existence on this day in
1975.
1. History
After India became independent in 1947, Sikkim continued to enjoy the protectorate
status with the republic of India. However, in 1973, anti-royalist riots occurred in the
state. The monarch was eventually deposed in 1975. A referendum led to the state
joining India.
2. About Sikkim
About 35% of the state is covered by the Khangchendzonga National Park. The official
languages of Sikkim include Nepali, English, Sikkimese and Lepcha.
3. Symbols of Sikkim
The state has special emblem. The State Animal of Sikkim is Red Panda, state bird is
Blood Pheasant, state flower is Noble dendrobium and state tree is Rhododendron.
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4. Can States have separate Emblems?
The Constitution does not restrict the use of separate symbols. Every state has its own
emblems. There are certain laws that make sure the symbols are honoured and not
defamed.
182. Pradhan Mantri Ujjawala Yojana completes 4 years of success
The Pradhan Mantri Ujjawala Yojana was launched in May 2016. The scheme has
successfully completed four years of its implementation.
1. Highlights
The scheme has so far helped more than 8 crore families. Around Rs 8,432 crores have
been transferred through Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) under the scheme. In order to
mark the success, on May 16, 2020, Union Minister Shri Dharmendra Pradhan interacted
with 1500 beneficiaries.
2. Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Ann Yojana

In order to fight COVID-19 and also ease lives of the people of India during lock down, PM
Modi launched Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Ann Yojana. Under the scheme, free food
grains were provided, farmers were provided with money transfers under PM KISAN
Samman Nidhi, money was also transferred to women Jan Dhan Accounts
May 17, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
183. NMIS-National Migrant Information System developed by NDMA
On May 16, 2020, the National Disaster Management Authority launched the National
Migrant Information System. It is a central online repository for the migrant workers.
1. Highlights
The online portal will help in inter-state communication to facilitate smooth movement of
migrant workers. The portal also has added advantages such as contact tracing that will
help in COVID-19 response work.
2. Shramik trains
The GoI operated more than 1,074 Shramik trains to allow migrants to return back to
their home towns. These trains ferried more than 14 lakh workers. Of these 80% of the
trains terminated in Uttar Pradesh. UP was followed by Bihar, Madhya Pradesh. This also
shows that these states have the maximum number of migrant workers.
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184. Next Generation Biodegradable Metal Implants developed by ARCI
scientists
The scientists of Advanced Research Centre for powder metallurgy and new materials
along with Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute of Medical Sciences (SCTIMST) have developed
new biodegradable implant. The implants were developed from Iron-Manganese alloy.
1. Highlights
The alloy is highly applicable for making biodegradable orthopedic implant applications
and stents. These implants participate in the healing process and gradually degrade
maintaining the mechanical integrity. They do not leave out any residues in the human
body. They are certainly better alternatives to current implants.
2. Working
During the degradation process, calcium phosphate deposits on the implants. This is
caused due to local alkalization. When the calcium and phosphates getting deposited
gets saturated, they allow the cells they allow the cells to form into tissues forming
tissues.
3. Current Implants
The current implants cause long term side effects such as toxicity, thrombosis and
chronic inflammation. These side effects are not present in biodegradable implants. The
bio degradable materials are iron, zinc and manganese.
May 18, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
185. Fifth Tranche of Atma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan announced
On May 17, 2020, the Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitaraman announced the fifth and
final tranche of Atma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan. The scheme is to implement several
measures to fight COVID-19 at an allocated budget of Rs 20 lakh crore economic
packages
1. Highlights
Under the fifth tranche of the scheme, the finance minister announced seven steps. This
included MNREGA, health and education, decriminalization of Companies Act, businesses
and COVID-19, Public Sector Enterprises, Ease of Doing Business, State Governments
and related resources.
2. MNREGA
The GoI is to allocate Rs 40,000 crore for MNREGA scheme. This will help generate
employment for 300 crore persons. It is to be noted that, earlier, the health and
sanitation workers have been included under MNREGA. This was done during the phase
of Swachh Bharat Mission.
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3. Health and Education Sector
The health and education expenditure is to be increased. The GoI is to focus on
improvising the infrastructure of these sectors. All districts will have infectious disease
blocks set up. Also, public labs are to be set up at district level. A National Digital Health
blueprint is to be implemented. Also, the GoI will increase research in health.
4. Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code

No fresh insolvency proceedings will be initiated for one year. A special Insolvency
framework will be notified under Section 240-A of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy code.
5. Decriminalization Companies Act

The majority of compoundable offences under Companies act are to be shifted to
internal adjudicating mechanism. This will de-clog National Company Law tribunal and
the criminal courts in the country.
6. Ease of Doing Business

The private companies that list non-convertible debentures on stock exchanges are to
be considered as listed companies. Also, direct listing of securities by public companies
are to be done in permitted foreign jurisdictions.
7. Public Sector Enterprises

A new public sector policy is to be brought in by the GoI. The new policy will allow
private sector to participate all the key sectors along with the public sector units. The
policy will also strategize key sectors. The strategy will be brought in such a way that at
least at least one public sector will be there in every strategic sectors. The number of
enterprises to be present in strategic sectors are four.
8. State Governments
Just like the Central Government, the state governments are also witnessing sharp drop
in revenues. Around Rs 46,038 crores have been so far devolved to state as tax revenue.
The advancing limits of states have been increased by 60%. Also, the GoI increased the
number of days a state shall stay in overdraft situation.
186. GoI to convert world’s only horse serving cavalry into regular
armoured regiment
The Indian Army is to convert the 61st cavalry, the only horse serving cavalry in the
world into a regular armoured regiment with tanks.
1. Highlights
The main aim of the plan is to convert the 61st cavalry into a combat force. This is
largely a ceremonial unit that is based in Jaipur.
2. 61st Cavalry
The 61st cavalry was raised in 1953. It was raised by amalgamating the horse mounted
cavalry units in the princely states of India. The soldiers in the cavalry are armed with
lances
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3. Lancers
The Teen Murti Memorial was erected in New Delhi to honour the lancers. The memorial
was erected during British Raj period to commemorate the heroic role played by Jodhpur,
Hyderabad and Mysore during the Battle of Hafia. The lancers represented the British
during world war I.
187. AMPHAN: Cyclonic Storm intensifies into Severe Cyclonic Storm
On May 17, 2020, the Cyclonic storm Amphan in the Bay of Bengal has intensified into
severe cyclonic storm. The cyclone is to cross West Bengal-Bangladesh coasts on May
20, 2020.
1. What is a severe cyclonic storm?

The Severe Cyclonic Storm is a storm that has winds at the rate of 89-117 km/hr. They
are called the severe based on the scale of Indian Meteorological Department
2. Scales of Cyclone
The Indian Meteorological Department classifies Cyclones based on their wind speeds.
When the wind speed is around 31-50 km/hr, it is called depression. When the wind
speed is between 51-62 km/hr, it is called Deep Depression. Beyond these speeds, the
depression becomes storm. The wind speeds of different storms as follows
3. Number of Cyclones are more in Bay of Bengal than Arabian Sea-Why?

The ocean temperatures of Bay of Bengal is more than that of Arabian Sea. Also, the hills
in the western ghats are high enough to stop the cyclones strike the coasts.
188. Indian Army to implement “ToD”
In order to help the country fight unemployment generated due to COVID-19 and also
citing resurgence of nationalism and patriotism, the Indian Army has launched “ToD”.
ToD is Tour of Duty. ToD is a three year internship for youths to work as officers and
soldiers in the Indian Army
1. Highlights
ToD is for those persons who do not wish to take defence services as a career, but still
want to experience adventure and thrills in armed forces. The Indian army estimates
that the budget of one single post under the scheme is to be Rs 80 lakhs to Rs 85 lakhs.
2. Benefits
The earnings made by the individual under the scheme has been made tax free. Also,
these candidates are to be given preferences in public sector jobs and also in post-
graduate courses.
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3. Significance
The GoI through the initiative also tries to channelize the youths in the country through
trained, diligent, disciplined military practices. More corporates are expected to come
forward to hire these youths after their 3 years of services with the military.
189. Super Earth discovered
The scientists from New Zealand have discovered the “Super Earth”. It potentially holds
the conditions to sustain human life.
1. Highlights
The super earth is one of the handful of planets discovered that are of the same size and
orbiting distance as that of the earth. The host star of the planet is 10% the mass of the
sun.
2. About the planet

The planet is larger than the earth and hence the name “Super Earth”. The planet could
be cold according to the scientists as the star is much smaller than the sun. Due to this
reason, water may not exist in its liquid state, but might occur as ice. As the planet is
heavier in mass, it might take 617 days to revolve around its star.
3. What are Goldilocks Zone?

Goldilocks Zone is the space around a star where temperature aptly sustains water in
liquid state. The space also supports life.
190. India joins 61 nations in WHO to identify Zoonotic source of COVID-

19
On May 18, 2020, India joined 61 other countries in the World Health Organization to
identify the source of COVID-19. China and US are not a part of the resolution.
1. Highlights
The countries together moved a proposal at the WHO to identify zoonotic source. Only
three permanent members of the United Nations Security Council have backed the
resolution namely Russia, France and UK. The other countries to support the resolution
includes South Korea, Japan, Australia, South Africa, India, New Zealand, etc.
2. Significance
The step is important as the bigger economies, especially China and US are politicizing
the origin of the virus.
3. Role of World Organization for Animal Health

The World Organization for Animal Health will conduct field missions to identify the
zoonotic source of the virus.
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4. World Organization of Animal Health
The organization was formerly called the OIE (Office International des Epizooties). It is an
inter-governmental organization that supports, coordinates and promotes animal disease
control.
5. What are Zoonotic sources?

The Zoonotic sources are animals from which the diseases can transmit to humans.
191. PFRDA suggests comprehensive Scheme to the Finance Ministry
On May 17, 2020, the Pension Fund and Regulatory Authority (PFRDA) of India suggested
comprehensive scheme to the Ministry of Finance. Under the scheme, the social security
measures for the people with low income are to be explored.
1. Highlights
The PFRDA has suggested comprehensive pension scheme to take along Pradhan Mantri
Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana, Atal Pension Yojana.

Under Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana, Rs 330 is being charged on yearly basis and Rs 12 per
year is being charged under Suraksha Bima Yojana. The charges on Atal Pension Yojana
is also quite low. The plan is to club all these schemes together.
3. Significance of integration
The integration increases the stability of the pension system. Also, the integration
increases the growth rate of the pension schemes. This will also increase the number of
entities participating in the scheme. This in turn improves social security of the workers.
And also, the integration during COVID-19 period will support liquidity flow in the
country.
4. Atal Pension Yojana

The APY had completed 5 years in May 2020 with more than 2.23 crore subscribers.
192. Gaganyaan Mission: ISRO to tap technologies of local start ups
The Indian Space Research Organization has identified 17 technologies at lower costs
from Indian start ups to use in Gaganyaan mission.
1. Highlights
The technologies identified includes food and medicine for astronauts, life support
systems, inflatable habitats, thermal protection technologies and anti-radiation
technologies. ISRO will also share its intellectual properties with the companies
participating in the mission.
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2. Gaganyaan Mission
Gaganyaan is a crewed space programme of ISRO. Under the programme, three air force
pilots will be carried to space. The crewed mission is to be launched in December 2021.
Along with the crew, a female looking robot Vyommitra is to accompany the astronauts.
The robot will provide warnings if the environmental changes within the cabin gets
uncomfortable to the astronauts.
3. Background
The Gaganyaan Mission was initiated during the eleventh five year plan. The total cost of
the mission is estimated to be Rs 124 billion. Rs 500 million was released in 2012. In
2018, the GoI approved 100 billion rupees.
193. Bundesliga of Germany: World’s first sports competition after

COVID-19 lock down
The Bundesliga of Germany becomes the world’s first major sports event to resume after
COVID-19 lock down.
1. Highlights
Though the sports events are beginning, they will not be played the same way. The
Bundesliga games began with empty stadium though the stadium had capacity to hold
more than 80,000 players. The players are being tested twice a week.
2. Bundesliga
The Bundesliga is the primary football league in Germany. It has the highest stadium
attendance worldwide. The game was begun in 1963. The Bundesliga is number one
football league in the world in terms of attendance.
3. Background
The COVID-19 has resulted in postponing important sports events such as Tokyo
Olympics, Wimbledon, etc.
194. US to donate Ventilators to India
The United States recently announced that it will donate ventilators to India. The
announcement is seen as a reciprocal gesture of India’s lift on the export ban of the anti-
malarial drug Hydroxychloroquine.
1. Hydroxychloroquine
India recently lifted the export ban over HCQ drugs. This benefitted the United States to
larger extent. Also, US being one of the worst hit nations of COVID-19, the lift of ban was
of great help. With the lift, around 50 million HCQ tablets were exported to the US.
2. HCQ in India
ICMR (Indian Council of Medical Research) had recommended the drug in “Prophylactic
treatment”. Prophylactic is preventive treatment.
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3. HCQ in WHO
HCQ has been included in one of the four mega trials that are being conducted by WHO
(World Health Organization). This includes HCQ, Lopinavir and Ritonavir, Lopinavir and
Ritonavir along with Interferon, Remdesivir.
195. What is Baltic Travel Bubble recently in news?
The Baltic countries have opened their borders to one another creating “travel bubble”.
This is being called the Baltic Travel Bubble.
1. Highlights
With the opening of the borders, the citizens and residents of the European Nations can
move freely. However, people coming from outside the zone are being quarantined for
14 days. This is the first travel bubble since the lock down.
2. What is Travel Bubble?

The term Travel Bubble came into existence in the month of April 2020. Under the travel
bubble strategy, the governments will open the travel pertaining to safe travel zones in
the world. This will include regions where the virus risk is minimal. This was initiated by
Australia and New Zealand. The countries agreed to the idea of travel bubble between
them recently.
3. Baltic Countries
The Baltic Countries are those countries that are in the Northern Europe and in the
eastern coast of Baltic sea. The countries that are referred to Baltic state include
Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia.
196. A new species “Troglomyces twitteri” discovered
A new parasitic fungus was discovered by a Denmark biologist called “Troglomyces

twitteri”. The fungus has been named after Twitter as it was discovered in Twitter
1. Discovery
The biologist Sofia Reboleira of University of Copenhagen, Denmark founded the species.
The image was posted in Twitter by an entomologist 1n 2018. He was sending millipede
photos to people who had tweeted him. The photos were being sent for polling purpose.
2. About the new species

The photo of the millipede had tiny dots that looked like Fungi. The Fungi belongs to the
order called Laboulbeniales. These are fungi that attack millipedes and insects. They
look like larvae.
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3. Millipedes
The Millipedes are arthropods. They have two pairs of jointed legs. They feed on
decaying leaves and dead matter. Thus, in a way they help in decomposition process.
They cause trouble in greenhouses where they cause severe damages to seedlings. They
are harmless to humans.
197. India-World Bank: Social Protection Response Programme
The World Bank and Government of India have signed agreement of 750 million USD
recently. The World Bank has assured 1 billion USD assistance to accelerate India’s
COVID-19 Social Protection Response Programme. It aims to protect vulnerable
households that are impacted due to COVID-19 pandemic.
1. Highlights
The Social Protection Response Programme is to be implemented by the Ministry of
Finance. The programme has increased the total commitment of the World Bank towards
India from 1 billion USD to 2 billion USD. The World Bank announced a financial support
of 1 billion USD in April 2020.
2. About the Programme

The programme is to be implemented in two phases. In the first phase, India is to
implement the programme through Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana. This includes
cash benefits under PM-KISAN, free cylinders under Ujjawala Scheme, additional food
grains supply and free supply of food grains under Public Distribution System. Also, cash
was deposited to women jan dhan accounts
198. GoI to implement several initiatives to boost Education Sector
PM Modi recently announced Atma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan under which Rs 20 lakh
crores was allocated. Following his announcement, the Finance Minister Nirmala
Sitaraman announced the split of the allocated funds to several initiatives.
1. Highlights
There are several initiatives to be implemented in Education Sector under Atma Nirbhar
Bharat Abhiyan. These initiatives will transform the education sector and will help in
bringing out holistic development of the students of the country.
2. PM E-Vidya
PM E-Vidya is to be launched that will unify the efforts related to online education. It will
also increase multi-mode access to education. It will include two major initiatives namely
“One Nation One Digital Platform” and “One Class One Channel”
2.1. One National One Digital Platform

The One Nation One Digital Platform will include DIKSHA. This will now become major
digital infrastructure of the country that will provide quality content to school children.
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2.2. One Class One Channel
The One Class One Channel initiative will provide quality education material for all
classes from Class I to Class 12. This will include Swayam online courses, study material
for differently abled people called DAISY (Digitally Accessible Information System). This
is to benefit more than 25 crore children.
3. Mandorapan Initiative
The initiative is to provide psychological support to teachers, students and families. will
provide support to national directory of counselors. A toll-free help line will be launched.
4. Higher Education
The E-Learning in higher education is to be expanded. Top 100 universities in the
country will start online courses. The online component in conventional universities is to
be raised from 20% to 40%. This is to benefit more than 7 crore students from different
colleges and universities.
5. National Curriculum and Pedagogical Framework

In order to promote creative and critical thinking and also to improve communication
skills of the students, joyful and experimental learning are to be focused under the
framework. The curriculum will be rooted to Indian ethos. Also, the curriculum will be
prepared in such as way that the students will fulfil global skill requirements.
6. National Foundational Literacy and Numeracy Mission

The initiative will make sure every child attains foundational literacy and numeracy in
Grade 3. In order to achieve this, the mission will aim at the following
May 19, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
199. Amphan develops into a super cyclonic storm
On May 18, 2020, Amphan turned into a super cyclonic storm. This is the second super
cyclonic storm faced by India since Fani in 1999.
1. Highlights
The Super Cyclonic storm will hit the coast of Odisha and West Bengal according to the
Indian Meteorological Department. The National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) is
preparing evacuation plan and response preparedness.
2. Stages of Cyclone Warning System in India

There are five stages of Cyclone Warning System in India. They are as follows
2.1. Pre-Cyclone Watch

Under this stage, warnings are issued before 72 hours. Th warning under this stage is
issued by Director General of Meteorology himself.
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2.2. Cyclone Alert
This is the second stage in the warning system. The warnings in this stage are issued
before 48 hours in advance of the adverse weather over coastal areas.
2.3. Cyclone Warning

At this stage, the warnings are issued at least 24 hours in advance of adverse weather
conditions.
2.4. Post Landfall Outlook

This is issued at least 12 hours in advance of the expected landfall.
3. Arabian Sea Cyclones are Weak as compared to Bay of Bengal Cyclones

The absence of landmass between the Pacific Ocean and Bay of Bengal, allows the
cyclonic winds to move easily into the Bay of Bengal. This makes them stronger than
those formed in Arabian Sea.
200. GoI implements Shekatkar Committee to create border

infrastructure
On May 18, 2020, the Government of India implemented the recommendations made by
the Shekatkar Committee to create border infrastructure.
1. Highlights
The GoI based on the recommendation of the committee has adopted Engineering
Procurement Contract (EPC) to execute the works that costs more than Rs 100 crores.
The recommendation of the committee to enhance procurement powers from Rs 7.5
crores to Rs 100 crores to the Border Road Organization has also been implemented.
2. Shekatkar Committee
The Shekatkar Committee was formed in 2018. It was constituted by the Ministry of
Defence under chairmanship of Lt General DB Shekatkar.
3. Other Recommendations
The other recommendations made by the committee are as follows
201. India attends World Health Assembly
The World Health Assembly is the decision-making body of the World Health
Organization (WHO). India was represented by Union Minister Dr Harsh Vardhan at the
World Health Assembly.
1. China and COVID-19

Around 120 countries backed the resolution to conduct investigation on China over the
origin of COVID-19.
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2. India to hold the Chair
Also, India is expected to be elected as the chair of the Executive Board of the World
Health Assembly. Japan is to be replaced by India.
3. International Health Regulation Committee

The member countries have agreed to work in close collaboration with the World
Organization for Animal Health and also with the Food and Agriculture Organization. The
committee will work on the transmission routes of the virus to find out the possible host.
The committee will also look for solutions that will help prevent such pandemic
outbreaks in the future.
4. India at the Assembly

Union Heath Minister Dr Harsh Vardhan representing India listed out various measures
being taken by India to fight against COVID-19.
5. World Health Assembly

The World Health Assembly is the highest health policy setting body in the world. It is
mainly composed of health ministers. The members of the assembly meet every year in
Geneva during the month of May.
202. ICC bans use of saliva to shine a Cricket Ball
On May 18, 2020, Anil Kumble led ICC (International Cricket Committee) banned the use
of saliva to shine the ball. The practice meant for swing bowling is now primarily held as
health risk due to the threats of COVID-19
1. Highlights
The former Indian Cricket player Anil Kumble is the current chairman of ICC Cricket
Committee. The Committee has banned use of saliva to shine a cricket ball. However,
the ICC Cricket Committee saw no harm in use of sweat to shine the ball. Instead use of
artificial substance to shine the ball is being considered.
2. Why is saliva or sweat used?

The swing of the cricket ball is mainly governed by three factors namely shiny side,
climatic conditions and behaviour of the pitch. The cricket ball creates turbulence as it
swings. The player uses sweat or saliva to make one side look shinier. This helps to
create challenging conditions to the batsman. It is legal and allowed in all matches
conducted by ICC. It is called ball tampering.
3. Types of swinging
There are two types of swinging namely conventional swinging and reverse swinging.
During conventional swinging, the ball moves towards the side of greater turbulence.
During reverse swinging, the ball swings the other side.
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203. WHO: Spraying of Disinfectants in streets is not Effective
The World Health Organization recently announced to its member countries that
spraying of disinfectants on roads is not effective. The organization rather says that
spraying disinfectants can be harmful to public health.
1. Highlights
According to World Health Organization, fumigation or spraying of disinfectants on the
streets and market places is not recommended to kill COVID-19. This is because the dirt
and debris inactivate the disinfectants
2. Why is spraying of disinfectant not recommended?

The WHO says that even in absence of organic matter, spraying of disinfectants will not
cover the surfaces for the time period that is required to deactivate the pathogens.
3. Recommendations
The WHO recommends that if a disinfectant has to be applied it has to be done with a
cloth or wipe that is soaked in disinfectant.
204. Charan Paduka Initiative: First of its kind launched for Migrant
Workers
The Charan Paduka Campaign was launched in Madhya Pradesh for the migrant workers
passing through the state. Under the campaign the migrant workers were provided with
shoes and slippers to reduce their pain.
1. Highlights
The Charan Paduka campaign is being conducted by the Police of Madhya Pradesh state.
Eventually, the initiative received full support of the public. By providing slippers, the
pain of the migrant workers is being reduced.
2. Measures of GoI
The GoI announced Atma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan under which migrant workers were
covered largely. The Government allocated Rs 20 lakh crores for the initiative. Under the
initiative, food and accommodation of the migrant workers were focused
3. Food
The One Nation One Card Scheme is to be implemented in June, 2020. This will help
provide relief for the migrant workers. However, in order to provide immediate relief, GoI
announced free food grain supply for two months. This includes 5 kg of grains and 1 kg
of pulses. To avail this, the migrant workers need not use a ration card.
4. Accommodation
As an immediate relief, temporary shelters were constructed. Affordable rental housing
scheme is to be launched under Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana for migrant workers.
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205. What is “Hanko” in news recently?
The Hanko is a personal stamp of Japan. It is equivalent to signature in other countries.

The tradition is gaining criticism in Japan post COVID-19 period.

Japan is adopting work from home culture aggressively in response to the COVID-19
pandemic. However, the age old Hanko tradition of Japan is forcing the employees to go
to the office premises for security reasons.
2. Hanko
Hanko stamping is essential in Japan for several transactions. There are specific types of
Hanko stampings such as circular and square. They are mandatory in bank documents,
government authorization and even in several day to day activities.
3. Tradition
The use of Hanko is a two millennium old tradition that was used to identify individuals
that are involved in government agencies. Baiwen is also a Japanese seal. It has red
background and white characters.
206. Rules to issue Domicile Certificate in Jammu and Kashmir issued
On May 18, 2020, the Jammu and Kashmir Administration issued rules to provide
domicile certificates. The “J&K Grant of Domicile Certificate (Procedure) rules 2020” has
been provided through an amendment of the Jammu and Kashmir Civil Services
(Decentralisation and Recruitment) Act, 2010.
1. Highlights
The rules have included extraordinary penalty of Rs 50,000 to the competitive authority
in case the issuing of domicile certificate is delayed. The penalty will be imposed by the
appellate authority and will be recovered from the salary of the competent authority.
The domicile should be provided within 7 days of the application.
2. Background
On March 31, 2020, the Government of India issued Jammu and Kashmir Reorganization
(Adaptation of State Laws) order, 2020. According to the order, the domicile of a person
is defined as
3. Impacts
Due to the order, the West Pakistan Refugees and children of the women married
outside J&K and Safai Karamcharis are now eligible to obtain domicile status.
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207. NABARD releases Rs 20,500 crores of funds for Kharif and pre-
monsoon operations
On May 18, 2020, the National Bank of Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD)
released Rs 20,500 crores. The funds will act as front-loading resources to the
cooperative banks and the Regional Rural Development Banks (RRBs).
1. Highlights
The funds have been released to help farmers in Kharif operations and also in their pre
monsoon preparations. Of the allocated amount, Rs 15,200 crores is to be provided
through cooperative banks and Rs 5,300 crores through RRBs.
2. Kisan Credit Card

The banks have initiated the Kisan Credit Card Scheme. During the months of lock down,
around 12 lakh new credit cards were provided to the farmers.
3. Atma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan

It is to be noted that the Atma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan that was recently launched by PM
Modi allocated Rs 30,000 crores for NABARD.
208. Rapid Intensification made AMPHAN a Super Cyclone
The Cyclone ‘Amphan’ has intensified from a severe cyclonic storm to a Super Cyclone.
This has happened in less than 40 hours.
1. Highlights
The rapid intensification of Amphan into a Super Cyclone is mainly because of rapid
warming up of Bay of Bengal. The following are the main reasons that led to rapid
intensification of the cyclone
2. When does Rapid Intensification occur?

Rapid Intensification of a cyclone occurs when there is increase of sustained winds that
blow at a speed of 55 km/hr. Rapid Intensification is common in case of hurricanes, so
far not in case of cyclones.
3. Difference between hurricanes and cyclones

Both hurricanes and cyclones are tropical cyclones. They are named differently based on
their region of formation. Cyclones are formed in South Pacific and Indian Oceans. On
the other hand, hurricanes are formed in North Atlantic, Eastern and Central Pacific
Oceans.
4. History
Scientists believe that Rapid Intensification might become common among the cyclones
in the future. Earlier, Rapid Intensification was observed in cyclone Vayu. However, the
main issue is that there is lack of data about rapid intensification rates of cyclone in
India.
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209. GoI: Star Rating of Garbage Free Cities Released
On May 19, 2020, the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs released star rating of
garbage free cities for the year 2019-20.
1. Highlights
Around 5 cities were given 5-star rating. This includes Ambikapur, Surat, Rajkot, Mysuru,
Indore and Navi Mumbai. The ministry had given 3-star rating to 65 cities and 1-star
rating to 70 cities.
2. About the rating

The rating system was launched by the Ministry in 2018. This was launched to provide a
mechanism to achieve Garbage free status. Also, such a rating system will motivate
cities to achieve higher cleanliness. The rating mainly focuses on solid waste
management
3. Significance
The importance of effective solid waste management and sanitation has been brought to
the forefront by the COVID-19 crisis. The solid waste management has been included in
the second phase of Swachh Bharat Mission as well.
4. COVID-19
The Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs has provided health checkups, PPE (Personal
Protective Equipment) and also payment of regular wages to sanitation workers.
210. Indian Air Force shelves three main projects
On May 18, 2020, the Indian Air Force Chief RKS Bhadauria announced that it will shelve
three main projects of worth Rs 8,000 crores. This is because the Central Government is
pushing for Make in India. Currently, the Government of India is to focus on
indigenization.
1. Highlights
Prime Minister Modi recently announced Atma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan under which the
GoI has brought upon several reforms. This includes indigenization of defence produce
as well. In order to achieve this, the government is to ban imports of certain products as
well.
2. About the projects

The shelved project includes the plan to buy 20 additional Hawk Planes from the United
Kingdom, 30 Jaguar fighter planes from the US and 38 trainer aircrafts.
3. Alternatives
Rather than getting these fighter planes abroad, the IAF is to support HAL (Hindustan
Aeronautics Limited). The IAF will take assistance from HAL for engine related upgrades.
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211. US Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine: First to show positive response
The COVID-19 Vaccine by a US based firm Moderna has become the first to show
positive results. The vaccine is considered as huge success because, it is the first
vaccine which has generated antibodies against the virus.
1. Highlights
Around 8 people who received the vaccine in the United States have shown positive
results. The LNP-encapsulated mRNA-1273 vaccine functions on the concept of mRNA
(messenger RNA). The vaccine injects messenger RNA in order to generate immunity
against the virus.
2. What was the major success?

The people that were given the dose of mRNA-1273 produced antibodies and also
stopped the reproduction of the virus. The levels of antibodies developed were the same
as those found in patients that recovered from the virus.
3. Side Effects
The low and medium doses of the vaccine created redness at the spot where it was
injected. In case of high doses, the patients developed fever and headaches. However,
the side effects faded away after a day.
May 20, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
212. Nepal approves new Map: Includes Kalapani
On May 19, 2020, Nepap approved a new map that included the territories of Kalapani,
Lipuleh and Limpiyadhura. However, the territories have been claimed by India as well.
In October 2019, India issued a new political map that included Lipulekh and Kalapani on
its side of border.

In 1816, the kingdom of Nepal and British India signed the Treaty of Sugauli under which
Kali River was fixed as the Western Border of Nepal. The issue has arisen in locating the
source of the river that led to boundary disputes between India and Nepal. Both the
countries are supporting their own claims.
2. India’s Claims
India recently inaugurated a road section in Pithogarh district of Uttarakhand. According
to India, under treaty of Sugauli, Limpiyadhura is the point of origin of Kali river. It is the
point where Nepal border begins.
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3. Kali River
Kali river originates in Sivaliks ranges. The Himalayas are divided into three ranges
namely Himadri, Himachal and Sivalik. The river is under India’s clean up target of
National Ganga River Basin Authority.
4. National Ganga River Basin Authority

The National Ganga River Basin Authority was established under Environment Protection
Act, 1986. The act also declared Ganges as the National River. The authority though has
role in safeguarding the river basin, it is not involved in National Mission for Clean
Ganga.
213. India provides 2 million USD aid to United Nations Relief and Works
Agency
On May 19, 2020, India provided 2 million USD relief aid to the UNRWA (United Nations
Relief and Works Agency) to help in welfare of Palestine refugees. The aid is to be used
in core programmes including education and health for the refugees.
1. Highlights
In 2019, India increased its annual contribution to UNRWA from 1.25 million USD in 2016
to 5 million USD in 2019. In 2020, India made an additional contribution of 5 million USD.
This made Indian becoming a member in the UNRWA’s advisory commission.
2. Significance
There are more than 3.1 million Palestine refugees. They completely depend in the
health services provided by UNRWA. UNRWA also educated 526,000 students every
year. These refugees are Palestinians that fled their homes during 1948 war.
3. India-Palestine
India is also preparing medical supplies for the Palestinians in order to help them fight
against COVID-19. India has also signed 17 agreements separately with Palestine. Under
these agreements, India is to help Palestine in the fields of health, agriculture, youth
affairs, Information Technology, consular affairs, media and women empowerment.
214. WHO: Independent Inquiry in handling of COVID-19
On May 19, 2020, the World Health Organization announced that it will initiate
independent review in handling COVID-19 pandemic. In order to achieve this, the
organization is to launch “Resolution on COVID-19 response”.
1. Highlights
The main aim of the review is to put an end to the international blame game in the origin
of COVID-19. The resolution was taken at the 73rd World Health Assembly that was held
through video conference. India was represented by the Union Health Minister Dr Harsh
Vardhan.
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2. Resolution
Around 116 countries backed the resolution of independent review. India backed the
resolution. The idea of resolution was initiated by Australia. However, the resolution was
drafted by European Union. China opposed the resolution.
3. Why is China opposing?

According to the available information so far, the COVID-19 is a zoonotic disease that
spreads from animals to humans. Its outbreak has been in Wuhan, China and has rapidly
spread all over the world. Different countries have adopted different ways to tackled the
crisis. This is also to be a part of the investigation.
215. First 12,000 HP Electric Loco operationalized by Indian Railways
On May 19, 2020, the Indian Railways operationalized the first 12,000 HP electric
locomotive. The locomotive was built by the French Alstom Company under the Make in
India initiative.
1. Highlights
The locomotive was manufactured at the Madhepura Electric Locomotive in Bihar. It is
capable of hauling 6000 tonnes at a top speed of 120 km/hr.
2. About the Project

Under the Indo-French project, around 4 locomotives were to be delivered in 2018, 35 in
2019-20, 60 in 2020-21 and 100 every year till the end of 11-year long delivery. The
project is considered as the largest FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) in the railways
sector.
216. Sun has entered into deepest period of Sunshine Recession
The sun has reached into a state of ‘solar minimum’. It has been more than 100 days
since sun has shown zero sunspots. The sun is to enter into the deepest period of
‘sunshine recession’.
1. Highlights
The cycle of the sun lasts for 11 years. This is called Solar Cycle. Solar minimum does
not mean that sun becomes dull or its activity reduces. It simply means that the sun is
changing forms. The sun spots fade away every 11 years.
2. Solar Cycle
The Solar Cycle is also called the Solar Magnetic Activity Cycle. It exists for 11 years and
is measured in terms of number of sun spots on the surface. Sunspots were observed in
the early 17th century. It was first observed by Galileo Galilei.
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3. Magnetic polarity
The sun spots are magnetic in nature. The magnetic polarity of sun spots are constant
throughout the cycle. It is opposite across the equator throughout a cycle. Also, the
magnetic polarity reversed itself from one cycle to the other.
217. May 20: World Bee Day
Every year May 20 is being celebrated as World Bee Day by the United Nations. The
official celebrations began in 2018.
1. Highlights
The World Bee Day is celebrated to commemorate the birthday of Slovenian apiculture
pioneer Anton Jansa. This year, the World Bee Day is celebrated under the theme.
2. Significance
Bees are the greatest pollinators. They are under great threats currently due to habitat
loss, parasites, diseases and agricultural pesticides. According to United Nations, around
35% of world agriculture still depend on pollinators.
3. International Pollinator Initiative

The International Pollinator Initiative mainly aims to promote coordinated world wide
action. It was launched under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). The initiative
is to run till 2030. India is also a part of the initiative.
218. Artificial Intelligence: GoI launches National Test Abhyas
The Ministry Human Resources Development recently launched a new mobile application
called “National Test Abhyas”.
1. Highlights
The mobile application was developed by the National Testing Agency. The application
will help the candidates to take mock tests for exams such as JEE Mains, NEET, etc. The
application is powered by Artificial Intelligence and therefore the students will get
instant results after taking the tests.
2. Significance
The JEE Mains exam is to be conducted between July 18 and July 23 and the NEET exam
is to be conducted on July 26. Thus, the application will help the students at larger level.
3. National Testing Agency

The National Testing Agency conducts the competitive exams in the country. This
includes JEE, GATE, NEET, GPAT, UGC, CAT, NET, etc. It was established under the Indian
Societies Registration Act, 1860. The NTA is an autonomous organization.
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219. Federation of Indian Export Organization: Indian Exports to fall by
20%
On May 19, 2020, the Federation of Indian Export Organization reported that the Indian
Exports are to fall by 20%. This according to the organization will amount to 50-60 billion
USD.
1. Highlights
The FIEO, the apex body of the exporters has requested to provide additional 2%
support under the MEIS (Merchandise Exported from India) scheme. Also, the
organization has requested additional 4% support to labour intensive sectors.
2. MEIS Scheme
The MEIS scheme was introduced under Foreign Trade Policy of India. The scheme
focuses to make the Indian products competitive in the Global market. The MEIS scheme
replaced Focus Product Scheme (FPS), Focus Market Scheme (FMS), Infrastructure
Incentive scheme and Vishesh Krishi Gramin Upaj Yojana.
3. Federation of Indian Export Organization

The FIEO was set up under Ministry of Commerce. It is the premier body of Export
Promotion Council. The Organization provides an interface between international trading
community and central and state governments in the country.
220. COVID-19: ICMR Clinical Trials on BCG Vaccine
The Indian Council of Medical Research is conducting clinical trials to check on the
efficacy of Tuberculosis vaccines against COVID-19.
1. Highlights
The ICMR is to focus on vaccine potential of India in reducing death of COVID-19 infected
patients. The trials that will find out the efficacy of BCG Vaccine in COVID-19 patients is
to be conducted in conjunction with National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis.
2. BCG Vaccine
The BCG vaccine is Bacillus Calmette-Guerin. It is a vaccine that uses live attenuated
stain of Mycobacterium Bovis. Meaning, the potency of the pathogen is disabled
artificially and the characters are retained.
3. National BCG Vaccination Policy

India is currently following National BCG Vaccination Policy. According to the National
Family Health Survey, around 91.9% of children in the age group of 12 to 23 months are
receiving the vaccine. The survey also says that India has the capacity of producing
2,800 lakh BCG Vaccine doses in a year.
4. Background
The researchers of Biomedical sciences of New York Institute of Technology have
reported that the countries administered BCG Vaccine Programme has less incidents of
COVID-19 as compared to countries that did not administer the programme.
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221. National Crisis Management Committee meets to review AMPHAN

preparedness
The AMPHAN Super Cyclone is expected to reach West Bengal by May 20, 2020. The
wind speeds are expected to be between 155 km/hr and 165 km/hr. In order to review
the preparatory measures, the National Crisis Management Committee met under the
chairmanship of Cabinet Secretary.
1. National Crisis Management Committee

The National Crisis Management Committee oversees the command, coordination and
control of disaster response. It gives direction to the Crisis Management Group as when
necessary.
2. Functions of the Committee

The National Crisis Management Committee reviews the measures required to deal with
natural calamity. It coordinates the activities of the state governments and central
ministries in relation to disaster preparedness.
3. Background
Between 1965 and 2017, around 46 severe cyclonic storms have hit Bay of Bengal.
Cyclone Phailin that hit in 2013 and super cyclone of 1999 are the cyclones that affected
the coasts of Odisha badly. In 2019, Cyclone Fani made landfall in Odisha that claimed
lives of 40 people.
222. Beneficiaries of Ayushman Bharat touches 1 crore
On May 20, 2020, the number of beneficiaries of Ayushman Bharat touched 1 crore. PM
Modi had a telephonic conversation with the 1 croreth beneficiary of the scheme.
1. COVID-19
Post COVID-19, the Government of India made the testing and treatment of the disease
free under Ayushman Bharat. The testing of COVID-19 is being carried out according to
the protocols fixed by ICMR.
2. Ayushman Bharat
The Ayushman Bharat Scheme was launched in 2018. It was earlier known as National
Health Protection Scheme. The scheme provides an insurance cover of Ts 5 lakh per
annum per family. The eligible families under the scheme are fixed based on the Socio-
Economic Caste Census (SECC).
3. Significance
According to National Sample Survey Office (NSSO), around 82% of urban households
and 86% of rural households do not have health care insurance. Almost 17% of Indian
households spend one-tenth of their budget on health services.
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223. Cabinet meets to approve several initiatives under Atma Nirbhar
Bharat Abhiyan
On May 20, 2020, the union cabinet approved several initiatives under Atma Nirbhar
Bharat Abhiyan that was launched by PM Modi recently.
1. Allocation of Food Grains

The Union Cabinet has given its nod to allocate food grains from the central pool to over
8 crore migrants. The migrants are to be provided with 5 kg of food grains per person
per month. This is to be done under Public Distribution System. The National Food
Security Act has empowered the GoI to take such a step.
2. Coal Auction
The Fianance Minister Nirmala Sitaraman announced the coal auctioning method while
announcing the economic package of Atma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan. This has been
approved by the Union Cabinet.
3. Jammu and Kashmir Reorganization Second Order, 2020

According to the order, the domicile conditions to all level jobs in the state has been
changed.
4. Emergency Credit Line Scheme

Under the scheme, the Union Cabinet has approved additional funding of upto Rs 3 lakh
crore to the eligible MSMEs. In order to achieve this, the GoI has allocated Rs 41,600
crores.
5. Special Liquidity Scheme

The Union Cabinet has approved the Special Liquidity Scheme for the Housing Finance
Corporations and Non-Banking Finance Corporations in order to increase the liquidity
flow in the country. Under the scheme, a Special Purpose Vehicle is to be set up that will
manage the stressed asset funds. The special securities of these assets are to be bought
by the GoI and RBI. They will then use these securities to acquire short term debts.
6. Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana

The Union Cabinet has given its approval to implement measures under the scheme. The
Scheme will bring upon blue revolution. It is to be implemented for a period of 5 years.
7. Prdhan Mantri Vaya Vandana Yojana

Under the approval, the scheme is to be extended till March 2023. The minimum
investment of the scheme has been revised to Rs 1,56,658 for the pension amount of Rs
12,000 per annum and Rs 1,62,162 for pension amount of Rs 1000 per month.
8. Micro Food Processing

The Union Cabinet has approved the Scheme for Formalisation of Micro Food Processing
Enterprises. The GoI has allocated Rs 10,000 crores under the scheme. The expenditure
of the state is to be shared between centre and states in the ratio of 60:40.
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224. Rare Palm from Andaman replanted in Kerala: To prevent its
Extinction
A rare palm from South Andaman Island has found its second home in Jawaharlal Nehru
Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute (JNTBGRI) Kerala. The species has been
brought to the Indian mainland to prevent its extinction.
1. Highlights
The rare palm is called Pinanga andamanensis and is a critically endangered species.
There are only 600 specimens of the species at present. It is tiny and generally grows in
evergreen forests.
2. About the palm

The palm requires 5 t 6 hours of sunshine, 80% of humidity. It thrives well in areas
where the temperature is between 22 degree Celsius and 24 degree Celsius.
3. What is Germplasm?
Germplasm is the living resources like tissue and seeds that are preserved for plant
breeding. They can also be used are genetic resources.
May 21, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
225. May 21: International Tea Day
Every year, on May 21, the United Nations observes International Tea Day. The
resolution to celebrate International Tea Day was adopted in 2019 by the United Nations
food and Agriculture Organization.
1. History
The International Tea Day is being celebrated since 2005 in major tea producing
countries of the world namely Sri Lanka, India, Indonesia, Vietnam, Bangladesh, Nepal,
Kenya, Malaysia, Malawi, Uganda and Tanzania. It aims to draw the attention of citizens,
governments about the impact of global tea trade.
2. Objective
The main goal of the day is to promote sustainable production of tea and increase
awareness in fighting poverty and hunger.
3. Intergovernmental Group on Tea

The Intergovernmental Group of Tea operating under Food and Agriculture Organization
proposed the concept of International Tea Day in 2015.
4. Sustainable Development Goals

The tea production helps to achieve the following goals
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5. Significance
Tea Production is sensitive to climate changes. Tea can be produced only in agro-
ecological conditions. There are very limited countries that produce tea.
6. India
India is the second largest tea producing country after China. Also, India is the largest
consumer of tea in the world. India consumes around 30% of global tea output.
226. Exploration underneath Assam National Park receives

Environmental Clearance
On May 20, 2020, the major exploration by the Oil India Limited beneath the Dibru-
Saikhowa National Park of Assam received environmental clearance. There were
concerns that the project would affect the flora and fauna in the region. The park is the
only region in India that supports feral horses.
1. Highlights
The Oil India Limited (OIL) has received environmental clearance from MoEFCC (Ministry
of Environment, Forest and Climate Change) to extend drilling and testing of
hydrocarbons.
2. Feral Horse
The Feral horse is not a true wild horse. The only true wild horse that exists today is the
Przewalski’s horse, that are native to Central Asia. The Prezewalski horse was first
classified as extinct by the IUCN red list. Later, they were reclassified as critically
endangered in 2008 and endangered in 2011.
3. Extended Reach Drilling

The Extended Reach Drilling Technology is directional drilling beneath the earth. The
technology aims to reach larger area and longer distances. It is done to maximize
productivity and drainage capability.
227. New Incidents change dynamics of India-China Border
India has recently increased its patrolling in the Line of Actual Control. This in turn
increased bolstering of Chinese troops in the Aksai Chin Region.
1. Highlights
Since May 2020, India has been entering China occupied region. India has recently
constructed defence facilities across the border in the Galwan Valley region. This is the
main reason behind the recent India-China border issue being rising up.

Both India and China claim the regions of Aksai Chin and Arunachal Pradesh. The military
clashes are occurring as the countries have not come to conclusion in demarcating the
boundary.
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3. India
India demands for two lines in the border. A line that Chinese do not cross and another
line that India will not cross.
4. China
China demands for a comprehensive code of conduct for the forces of both the
countries. India is reluctant to accept the code of conduct as the proposal limits
modernization of Indian military. It will also enable China to preserve to military
advantage of Tibet.
5. Why are Indian Actions being called illegal?

The Indian patrolling along the border is being called illegal. This is mainly because
according to 2013 Border Defence Cooperation Agreement that was signed by India and
China, “Patrols shall not be allowed on other sides where there is no common
understanding”.
228. North East Model: Minimized COVID-19 threats and a huge success
The North East Model of COVID-19 has been a huge success. The model in effect has
helped declare five stated in the region COVID-19 free. This included Meghalaya,
Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Sikkim and Nagaland.
1. Highlights
Tripura had increased number of COVID-19 cases especially among CAPF (Central Armed
Police Force). Assam, being the biggest state in the region has contained the disease in
local clusters.
2. The Model
The North East Model was successful due to prompt responses from both Central and
State Governments. They are as follows
3. Red Army
Red Army was formed in the North East. The army consisted of wise old men and women
that help villages and have great respect among the villagers. They were called gaon
buras (male village elders) and gaon buris (female village elders). This helped reach the
tribals easily that was the major contribution for the north eastern states to become
COVID-19 free.
4. Lifeline Udan
The Lifeline Udan scheme was launched to provide essential commodities and medical
cargo. The scheme supplied Personal Protective Equipment, gloves and masks.
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229. 26 Defence Items approved by Defence Ministry to boost Make in
India
On May 20, 2020, the Ministry of Defence approved procurement of 26 defence items to
boost “Make in India” initiative. This was done through the amendment of Public
Procurement Order 2017.
1. Highlights
The Ministry of Defence has so far notified 127 items to under which the local suppliers
will be given preference. Of these 127 items, these 26 items are more important.
2. Special preference to 26 items

The 26 items have been made important under Clause 3(a) of Public Procurement Order,
2017. According to the order, the procuring entities shall procure these items only from
the local suppliers. Also, they shall procure the items irrespective of the purchase value.
This has been done so that the local suppliers meet Minimum Local Content (MLC).
3. Public Procurement Order

The Public Procurement Order was issued in 2017 to promote Make in India campaign. It
promotes production and manufacturing of goods and services to improve income and
employment.
4. Atma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan

The above steps are being done to boost economic growth of the country. The MSMEs of
India has been badly hit due to the threat of COVID-19. Among all other initiatives, the
GoI is to give importance to locally manufactured goods under the scheme. In order to
achieve this, import of certain goods are to be banned in defence sector. By this,
indigenization of the country is to be improved.
230. May 21: National Anti-Terrorism Day
Every year on May 21, India observes National Anti-Terrorism Day. The day is observed
to mark the death anniversary of the former prime minister Rajiv Gandhi.
1. Highlights
Rajiv Gandhi was the sixth prime minister of India. He served as the prime minister of
the country between 1984 and 1989. He was assassinated in Sriperumbudur, Tamil Nadu
in May 1991.
2. Rajiv Gandhi
Rajiv Gandhi took the office of Prime Minister after his mother, the former PM of India,
Indira Gandhi was assassinated.
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231. Fifteenth Finance Commission meets to discuss Health Sector and
Fiscal Consolidation
On May 21, 2020, the Fifteenth Finance Commission met to discuss health sector and
fiscal consolidation in the country.
1. Highlights
A high-level group was constituted by the Finance Commission on health sector. The
group had submitted its report August 2019. Some of its recommendations were
incorporated in the first report of the Finance Commission for the year 2020-21. The
group has now been asked to recommend measures to contain the spread of COVID-19.
2. Role of the Group

The group will create a road map of fiscal consolidation for the GoI for the fiscal years
2021-22 to 2025-26. The group will focus on the extraordinary situation caused by
COVID-19 and its economic impacts.
3. Fifteenth Finance Commission

The Fifteenth Finance commission recommended that the vertical devolution be reduced
from 42% to 41%. Vertical devolution is the share of tax revenue that is shared by the
centre with the states.
4. About FC
The Finance Commissions are constituted under Article 280 of Constitution of India. It is
constituted by the President of India every fifth year. The recommendations made by the
Finance Commission are advisory in nature. The FC makes recommendations for a
duration of 5 years
232. India attends NAM Health Minister meet
On May 20, 2020, Union Health Minister Harsh Vardhan attended Non-Aligned Movement
(NAM) through video conference.
1. Highlights
The NAM summit was chaired by the Health Minister of Azerbaijan Ogtay Shiraliyev. India
at the summit, highlighted its contribution such as medical supplies to over 123
countries. This includes 59 NAM countries as well.
2. NAM Summit
The Non-Aligned Movement is a major bloc after United Nations. In 1955, the principles
of the movement was framed at the Bandung Conference. NAM was established in 1961.
The initiative to begin NAM was led by the then Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru,
Yogoslav President Josip Broz Tito and Eqyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser.
3. Principles of NAM
The five main principles of NAM include mutual non-aggression, mutual respect for each
other territories, equality and mutual benefit, mutual non-interference in domestic affairs
and peaceful coexistence.
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4. Background
The Non-Aligned Movement was started to thaw out Cold war. The cold war was the
geopolitical tension between the US and Soviet Union.
233. GoI: Scheme launched for 100% solarization of Konark Sun Temple
and Town
On May 20, 2020, the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy launched a scheme to
solarize the Konark town and Konark sun temple completely.
1. Highlights
The scheme has been launched to develop the historic Sun Temple in the town of
Konark. Also, the scheme will develop the town into Surya Nagri. The development will
be to deliver the message of synergy between the sun temple and the modern use of
solar energy. The scheme mainly aims at promoting solar energy.
2. Key Features of the scheme

The scheme will set up 10 MW grid connected solar project. It will also launch
applications such as solar drinking water kiosks, solar trees and off grid solar power
plants with battery storage. The project is to be implemented by Odisha Renewable
Energy Development Agency.
3. Konark Sun Temple

The Konark Sun Temple is a world heritage monument. It was built in the 13th century. It
was built by King Narasimhadeva I. The temple had been designed in the shape of a
chariot. It was declared a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1984.
234. Agappe Chitra Magna launched by SCTIMST to detect COVID-19
On May 20, 2020, the Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Science and Technology
operating under Department of Science and Technology has launched magnetic nano
particle based RNA extraction kit called “Agappe Chitra Magna”.
1. Highlights
The Agappe Chitra Magna kit was validated by the National Institute of Virology. The kit
was developed by the SCTIMST and was transferred to Agappe Diagnostics and hence
the name Agappe Chitra Magna kit.
2. About the kit

The kit uses an innovative technology of magnetic nano particles to isolate RNA. The
nanoparticles are used to capture RNA from the sample of the patient. The kit enhanced
detection of positive cases. This is because the magnetic nanoparticles binds to the viral
RNA and when exposed to magnetic field gives concentrated RNA.
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3. Benefits
The kit is highly affordable. The price of the kit is Rs 300 and is expected to come down
to Rs 150. This will help to address the needs of India. The Government of India has
estimated that the country will need around 8 lakhs kits per month for the next six
months. The Agappe Diagnostics has manufacturing capacity of 3 lakh kits per month.
235. India-Bangladesh sign Inland Water Transit and Trade Protocol
On May 20, 2020, India and Bangladesh signed the second Addendum of the Inland
Water Transit and Trade Protocol in Bangladesh.
1. Highlights
Under the new protocol, the countries can ply on designated protocol route. Also,
movement of shallow draft mechanized vessels have been allowed between Dhubri
(India) and Chilmari (Bangladesh). This is being considered as path breaking
development. This will help in export of Bhutanese cargo, stone chips and North East
Cargo to Bangladesh. The step will increase economy of Bangladesh and lower Assam.
2. Routes
Under the new addendum signed, the number of Indo Bangladesh Protocol routes are
being increased from 8 to 10.
3. Ports
Currently there are 6 ports that are operated under the protocol. Now with the new
agreement, five more ports of call have been included. The inclusion of Jogigopha will
help in connectivity with Meghalaya, Bhutan and Assam
4. Significance
The inland water transit is important for India to transport food grains, agricultural
products, fertilizers, containerized cargo and cement. The major export cargo from India
to Bangladesh is fly ash. India exports around 30 lakh metric tonnes of fly ash to
Bangladesh in a year. It is to be noted that recently environmentalists raised concerns of
fly ash barges sinking in Hooghly river.
May 22, 2020
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236. Khadi Masks gain Global recognition and demand
The Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) explore the possible option of
exporting silk and cotton face masks to foreign countries. This is being done to promote
“Vocal for Local”, that was initiated under Atma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan.
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1. Highlights
So far, the KVIC has received 8 lakh orders of masks and has supplied 6 lakhs during
Lock down period. With overwhelming responses in India, KVIC is to expand the khadi
masks globally. The plan is to supply Khadi Masks to countries such as USA, Dubai,
Mauritius, middle east and to several other European countries.
2. Significance
The export of Khadi masks will help to increase production and ultimately help boost
employment. As the masks are cost effective, breathable, reusable, washable and bio-
degradable, their demands are increasing globally.
3. Why are cotton masks more comfortable?

The double twisted fabric helps retain moisture and creates easy passage for air. This
makes cotton fabric more comfortable to wear. On the other hand, synthetic masks are
not porous. Hence do not allow passage of air. It does not absorb the sweat as well.
Hence, wearing synthetic masks increases perspiration and creates discomforts and
itching forcing the users to touch or adjust the mask.
237. E-Conclave for Defence MSMEs held
On May 21, 2020, the Union Defence Minister Rajnath Singh chaired the E-Conclave of
Defence MSME (Micro Small and Medium Enterprises).
1. Highlights
The E-conclave was organized by CII (Confederation of Indian Industry), SIDM (Society of
Indian Defence Manufacturers) and Department of Defence Production. Around 800
Defence MSMEs participated in the conclave that was held through video conferencing.
2. Background
The GoI recently announced that, the defence sector will focus on indigenization of
defence raw materials to boost its defence production. This was announced to help
economic growth during COVID-19 crisis. To achieve this, the GoI had imposed import
ban on certain goods during its announcement of Atma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan. The
Indian Air Force recently announced its stalling of three main projects of buying aircrafts
from foreign countries. Instead, the IAF is to tie up with HAL to achieve those projects.
3. India’s Target
The Conclave will certainly help India achieve its target of 25 billion defence production
by 2025.
238. Textiles Committee launches indigenous design of PPE Testing

Equipment: Synthetic Blood Penetration Testing Equipment
On May 21, 2020, the Textiles Committee operating under Ministry of Textiles has
launched testing equipment for Personal Protection Equipment (PPE). The Committee will
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now on test the PPEs produced in the country. The Equipment is called Synthetic Blood
Penetration Testing Equipment
1. Highlights
The laboratory set up to test the PPEs was accredited by the NABL (National
Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories). A Unique Certification
Code has been passed to test the samples submitted by the manufacturers of PPEs. The
UCC has been uploaded in all official websites such as Ordnance Factory Board, DRDO
(Defence Research Development Organization).
2. Synthetic Blood Testing Equipment

The Equipment tests the resistance of the PPE (masks, covers, etc) to penetration of
synthetic blood under different levels of pressure.
3. Textiles Committee
Textiles Committee was established in 1963 to ensure quality of textiles. The committee
tests the machineries both for usage within India and export purpose as well. It also
provides inspection besides its main objective of quality of textiles.
239. Pradhan Mantri Ujjawala Yojana: 6.8 crore free Cylinders

distributed
On May 21, 2020, the Government of India announced that around 6.8 crore free
cylinders have been distributed under Prdhan Mantri Ujjawala Yojana.
1. Highlights
Under the scheme, free LPG cylinders are being provided by the Ministry of Petroleum
and Natural Gas. This covers more than 8 core beneficiaries of Pradhan Mantri Ujjawala
Yojana. The beneficiaries are provided with the funds through Direct Benefit Transfer
(DBT).
2. Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana

The scheme was launched in December 16, 2016 under Ministry of Finance. The scheme
was valid till March 31, 2017. It was launched to declare unaccounted black money and
wealth. The scheme was recently updated to mitigate the losses faced by the poor due
to COVID-19.
240. Western Ghats to be declared Ecologically Sensitive Area soon
On May 21, 2020, the Union Minister Prakash Javadekar interacted with the Chief
Ministers of the State Governments through video conference. The meeting held
discussions relating to notification of declaring Western Ghats as Ecologically Sensitive
Area.
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1. Highlights
The states that participated in the video conference include Karnataka, Kerala,
Maharashtra, Goa, Tamil Nadu and Gujarat. The Government of India constituted a High
level working group under Dr Kasturirangan. The committee identified geographical
areas in the states that need to be declared Ecologically Sensitive Areas. Based on the
report submitted by the committee, the Central Government in 2018 issued a draft
notice to notify the areas as Ecologically Sensitive Areas (ESA).
2. Outcome of the meet

The State Governments have expressed their interests in expediting early notification of
ESA. They were unanimous in ensuring the protection of Western Ghats.
3. Maharashtra
The State of Maharashtra proposed to include a greater number of villages as
Ecologically Sensitive Areas. Under its proposal, the state has requested to include 2,092
villages under ESA. The Centre had proposed to include 2,133 villages.
4. What is ESA?
When an area is declared ESA, it means that restrictions are put on mining, thermal
plants, quarrying, construction and setting up of industries.
241. May 22: International Day for Biological Diversity
Every year, on May 22, the International Day for Biological Diversity is marked by the
United Nations. The day highlights the biodiversity issues.

The theme emphasizes on solidarity, hope and importance of working together to build
future of life in harmony with nature.
2. Background
The resolution to celebrate the day was adopted in 1992. The day was initially
celebrated on December 29 till 2000 starting from 1993. It was marked on December 29
to celebrate the Day the Convention on Biological Diversity came into effect. It was later
shifted to May 22 to commemorate the adoption of convention at Rio Earth Summit.
3. Sustainable Development Goals

The say falls under the ambit of SDG Goals of the UN after United Nations 2015
development agenda of SDG. Through this the day addresses larger concerns such as
sustainable agriculture, health, land degradation, desertification, energy, etc.
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242. Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana: Coir Geo Textiles approved for
rural road construction
Under the Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana, the Coir Geo Textiles are to be used in
rural road development. This is to be done by the National Rural Infrastructure
Development Agency.
1. Coir Geotextiles
They are made of coir and last up to 3 to 5 years. The coir geotextiles degrades into
humus. This enriches the soil.
2. Geotextiles
Geo Textiles are permeable fabrics that have the ability to filter, separate, reinforce,
drain and protect. They are made from polypropylene.
3. Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana III

The Phase III of Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana was launched in December 2019. It
focuses on consolidation of 1,25,000 km of routes. It mainly includes major rural links.
The aim is to connect the Gramin Agricultural markets, hospitals and higher secondary
schools.
243. Rs 170 crores disbursed to MNREGA
On May 21, 2020, the Government of India disbursed RS 170 crores to MNREGA workers.
The amounts were disbursed to the beneficiaries through the Deaprtment of Rural
Development and Panchayati Raj.
1. Highlights
The Department has taken up more than 14,000 development projects under MNREGA
(Mahatma Gandhi Rural Employment Guarantee Act) since April 20, 2020. This includes
8,300 Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana housing projects and 1,670 water conservation
projects. Around 5.28 lakh person days were created in Jammu and Kashmir alone
2. Significance
With the migrants returning to their home town due to COVID-19 crisis, the rural
population increased in the country and so did rural unemployment. In order to address
this issue, the GoI under MNREGA increased the workmanship. Also, the labour charges
under the scheme was increased from Rs 182 to Rs 202.
244. GoI amends General Financial Rules
On May 21, 2020, the Government of India amended General Financial Rules to make
sure the goods and services that are of value less than Rs 200 crores are procured from
domestic firms.
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1. Highlights
The GFR 2017 (General Financial Rules) have been amended by the Central
Government. Under the new amendment, global tenders henceforth will be disallowed in
government procurement that are of value Rs 200 crores. This was announced in Atma
Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan.
2. General Financial Rules

The GFR are set of rules that deal with matters that involve public finances. They were
first issued in 1947 bringing together all the existing orders. They are instructions that
pertain to financial matters.
3. GFR 2017
The GFR 2017 was revised in 2017 to make sure an organization manages its business
without compromising its flexibility.
4. Global Tender
Tendering is a process where bids for a project are accepted. Now, global tendering is
tenders from foreign countries or through foreign investment. “Disallowing Global
Tenders” is stopping foreign investments to a particular threshold to boost indigenous
companies.
245. India: The Second Largest Manufacturer of PPE in the world
On May 21, 2020, India became the second largest producer of Personal Protective
Equipment in the world. China is the leading producer of PPE in the world.
1. Highlights
The Ministry of Textiles has been taking several measures to maintain the quality of PPE
alongside manufacturing.
2. Background
Initially India faced several challenges in increasing quality PPE products. This includes
importing machines from China and also increasing prices. Apart from these, there were
delay in imports and non-availability of domestic manufacturers.
3. Potential of India
India is now producing 2.06 lakh PPE kits every day. This is the maximum capacity of the
country. On an average, India produces 1 lakh kits. A PPE kit consists of shoe cover,
gloves, eye shield, mask and gown. The data was provided by the Ministry of Health.
May 23, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
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246. Monetary Policy Committee meets: Repo rate reduces to 4%
On May 22, 2020, the policy committee met in an emergency meeting to review the
current economic outlook and impacts of COVID-19.
1. Highlights
The RBI has reduced the repo rate from 4.4% to 4%. It has reduced the reverse repo rate
to 3.35%. The RBI also announced that the reduction in policy rate is to be provided as
long as the economic growth in the country is to be mitigated.
2. Current Economic Scenario

The global trade is declining and the world is heading towards recession. The Indian
Economic growth is also slowing down to a great extent in spite of GoI trying to infuse
liquidity in to the market. The top six industrialized states that account to 60% of
industrial production in the country now falls in red zone. This will affect India’s growth
further as economic activities in red zones are not being operationalized to its fullest.
3. Challenges
The rural and urban demand has been falling down. The manufacturing activity in the
country has fallen down by 21% post COVID-19. Also, the output from core industries has
fell by 6.5%.
4. Measures of RBI
RBI has announced 4 major economic measures to boost the economy. This includes
measures to improve functioning of markets, measures to ease financial stress,
measures to support exports and imports and measures to ease financial constraints
faced by the state governments.
247. What is Treaty on Open Skies recently in news?
The US President Donald Trump recently announced that USA is to withdraw from Open
Skies treaty.
1. About the Treaty

The Treaty on Open Skies was signed in 2002. The treaty established an aerial
surveillance system for its participants. There are 34 members that signed the treaty.
Both US and Russia are signatories of the treaty.
2. Key Features of the treaty

The treaty establishes an region of unarmed aerial observation. The observation is
allowed over the territories of the signatories. It enhances mutual understanding and
gives confidence to all participants.

The US President has announced withdrawal from the treaty accusing that Russia has
not stuck to its part of the deal. This is the third international arms pact the US has
pulled out from since Donald Trump became the president.
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4. Signatory countries
The signatory countries of the treaty include UK, Canada, France, Germany, Spain, Italy,
Finland, Portugal, Sweden, Turkey, Belgium, Belarus, Croatia, Bulgaria, Bosnia,
Herzegovina, Czech republic, Estonia, Denmark, Georgia, Finland, Russia, Iceland,
Hungary, Slovakia, Russia, Ukraine and Slovenia.
5. India
India has similar treaty with Japan. India and Japan signed open sky agreement in 2017.
India signed the agreement in accordance with National Civil Aviation Policy, 2016.
248. Advisory on use of Hydroxychloroquine revised
On May 23, 2020, the Indian Council of Medical Research has revised its advisory on the
use of HCQ (Hydroxychloroquine). Under the new advisory guidelines, the HCQ should be
given only on the prescription of a registered medical practitioner.
1. Highlights
The advisory was issued after the Joint Monitoring Group held its meeting. The meeting
was attended by ICMR, NCDC (National Centre for Disease Control), WHO (World Health
Organization) and National Disaster Management Authority.
2. New Advisory
The new advisories included the following
3. Why were the advisories revised?

The data on assessment of using HCQ as prophylactic treatment says the following
249. United Nations: India’s KHUDOL declared one of Top 10 Global

Initiatives to fight COVID-19
On May 22, 2020, the United Nations listed the KHUDOL initiative of Manipur as one of
the top 10 global initiatives to fight against COVID-19.
1. Highlights
KHUDOL is an initiative of a NGO called Ya_All. Under the initiative, the NGO provides
food, hygiene and health of LGBTQ community, daily wage workers, people with AIDS.
2. Transgender measures of Manipur

Manipur has been creating inclusive safe space for the transgender community. The
state has been taking extra care towards the transgenders as compared to other states.
Separate rooms and toilets were established for the transgender community.
3. North East Region

When compared to other states, the north east region had been showing vast
improvements in reducing the spread of COVID-19. This included Meghalaya, Mizoram,
Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim and Nagaland. Also, the GoI had successfully implemented
the North East Model to contain the disease in the region.
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250. Status Paper on Government Debt released
On May 22, 2020, the Ministry of Finance released Status Paper on Government Debt
2018-19. According to the report, the overall debt of centres and states declined by
68.7% in March 2018 to 68.6% in 2019.
1. Highlights
The Status Paper on Government Debt is being produced by the Ministry of Finance
since 2010. Current debt of India stands at Rs 1.3 crore crore.
2. Key Findings of paper

The debt of central government dropped marginally from 45.8% in 2017-18 to 45.7% in
2019, The external debt was 2.7% of GDP. The Average Interest Cost of the centre
remained unchanged in the year 2018 to 2019. Around 94% of centre’s liabilities were of
domestic debts.
3. Government Debt
The Government Debts are classified as internal debt and external debt. The Internal
Debts include non-marketable and marketable debt. External debt refers to debt
borrowed from all the sources outside the country.
251. GoI launches 5 initiatives towards Conservation of Biodiversity
On May 22, 2020, to celebrate the International Day for Biological Diversity, 2020, the
Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change launched five initiatives on
conservation of biodiversity.
1. Highlights
The five initiatives include the following
2. International Day of Biological Diversity

Every year, the International Day of Biological Diversity is celebrated by the United
Nations. The day is celebrated under the theme “Our Solutions are in Nature”.
3. Super Year for Biodiversity

The United Nations framed 20 global actions to be implemented between 2010 and
2020. This is called Strategic Plan for Biodiversity. The year 2020 is called Super Year for
Biodiversity.
252. ICMR to replace HCQ with anti-HIV drug; Kangra Tea Suggested
The Indian Council of Medical Research recently revised its advisories on

Hydroxychloroquine. The Council is considering to replace the drug with anti-HIV drugs.
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1. Highlights
The HCQ drug was recommended for asymptomatic health care workers. However, the
ineffectiveness and side effects of the drug is making the council look into alternatives.
The assessment of using HCQ by the Task Force says that front line workers working
against COVID-19 are facing side effects such as nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting. This
has made the council look for alternates to the drug.
2. Kangra Tea
Kangra Tea is a tea variety from Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh. The tea received
GI tag in 2005.
May 25, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
253. World Steel report: India’s steel output declined by 65%
On May 24, 2020, the World Steel Association released the World Steel Report.
According to the report, the crude steel report of India declined by 65%. During April
2020, the steel output of India was 3.13 million tonnes.
1. Highlights
In April 2019, according to the report, India produced 9.02 million tonnes. In March 2020,
India faced a decline of 14% steel output as compared to March 2019.

China has reported 1.7% fall in steel production. This is the first time China is facing an
output decline. US faced a decline of 32%. South Korea’s steel production declined by
8.4%.
3. National Steel Policy

India is currently operating under its National Steel Policy 2017. Under the policy, India is
to increase its steel production to 300 million tonnes by 2030. It alsi aims to make India
self-sufficient in steel. It also aims to build a globally competitive steel industrial output
in the country.
254. Enrolments in ESIC Social Security Scheme increases to 821,000
On May 23, 2020, the payroll data of the Employees State Insurance Corporation (ESIC)
was released. The data says that around 821,000 new members have joined ESIC social
security scheme.
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1. Highlights
The data was released by National Statistical Office (NSO). According to the data the
subscribers to the scheme in 2018-19 were 14.9 million and it increased to 38.3 million
in March 2020.
2. ESIC
The Employment State Insurance Scheme was launched in 1952 under the Employees
State Insurance Act, 1948. The act was the first legislative social security step for
workers in India.
3. Recent Developments in the Scheme

In June 2020, the Government of India reduced the rate of contribution under the
scheme. The employer contribution was reduced from 4.75% to 3.25% and Employee
contribution was reduced from 1.75% to 0.75%. Also, the employees that are earning Rs
137 or less per day are exempted from payment of their contribution.
255. Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna (ANTIA) finds high energy

particles from ice
The NASA researchers have found high energy particles erupting from ice in the
Antarctic region. The researchers believe that these particles are proof to parallel
universe.
1. ANTIA
The ANTIA is high-energy cosmic neutrino that detect radio pulses that are being
emitted by Antarctic ice sheet. The neutrinos in the ice produce radio pulses due to
Askaryan effect.
2. Askaryan Effect
It is the phenomenon where a particle travelling at a velocity faster than light in a dense
electric medium, produces shower of secondary charged particles. The dense electric
medium can be ice, salt of lunar regolith.
3. ANTIA’s detections
The ANTIA has so far made four major cosmic ray detections. The cosmic rays that are
coming from the sky are reflected off the ice. However, two of these detections have
proofs that they are generated from the ice below.
256. Mizoram provides industrial status to Sports
The Mizoram State Government has recently provided industrial status to Sports. This
has been done by the government to attract investment in the Sports industry.
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1. Highlights
The Mizoram Government is framing new industrial policy under which the sports have
been included as sports category. The State of Mizoram is known for its great interests
towards sports. Of all the footballers in the north east states, Mizoram has pool of
football players that play in leading clubs of India. The state has also done extremely
well in hockey and weightlifting as well.
2. Indian Super League

Indian Super League is considered as one of the top football leagues in India. At least
150 players in the league are from Mizoram. The league was launched in 2013 with the
aim of growing the sport of football in India.
257. Emission Norms of L7 category of BS VI notified
On May 24, 2020, the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways notified emission norms
for L7 category for BS VI. With the notification, the BS VI process L, M and N category
vehicles in the country gets completed.
1. Highlights
The emission norms will encourage the production of quadricycles. The quadricycle
segment in India was introduced in less than 2 years. Thus, the full-fledged production
has not completely begun.
2. What is a Quadricycle?
Quadricycle is a vehicle that is of the size of a three wheeler but runs with four wheels.
The Quadricycle was inserted as “Non-Transport” under Motor Vehicles Act, 1988.
3. L7 category
The vehicles with four wheels with mass more than 400 kg are placed under L7
category.
258. WHO adopts “Human Challenge Trial” to develop new vaccine
The World Health Organization (WHO) recently announced eight candidates to enter
human trials. Several people step forward to participate in human challenge trial as the
race to develop new vaccine for the virus is increasing.
1. What is Human Challenge Trial?

The trial involves infecting volunteers intentionally with COVID-19 virus. This is done to
speed up the process of vaccine development.
2. Vaccine Development
The Vaccine development takes several years to develop through three phases of clinical
trials. This includes
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3. Benefits
The main benefit of the human challenge trial is that it accelerates testing. Many
efficacious vaccines shall be available more quickly. Also, the number of people required
in phase 3 of these trials is less than the regular trials.
May 27, 2020
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259. Supreme Court’s suo motu cognisance of Migrant Workers’ plight
On May 26, 2020, a three-judge bench of the Supreme Court took suo motu cognisance
of migrant workers issue and noted that there have been “inadequacies and certain
lapses” on the part of the Central and State governments in dealing with the migrant
workers crisis during the lockdown.
1. What is suo moto cognisance?

Suo motu is a latin phrase which means “on its own”. This means that the court has
taken the matter into cognisance on its own and without any plaintiff. A plaintiff is a
person or entity which files a case or petition in the court. Normal court cases need a
plaintiff and a defendant, while in suo moto, there is no plaintiff.
2. Supreme Court Directions

The three judge bench of the Supreme Court headed by Justice Ashok Bhushan has
ordered the centre and states to immediately provide transport, food and shelter free of
cost to the stranded migrant workers. The court has also asked Solicitor-General Tushar
Mehta to inform the court by May 28, 2020 about the measures taken by the Centre to
alleviate the migrants’ sufferings.
3. What is next?
The court has issued formal notice to the centre, states and Union Territories to file their
responses by May 28.
260. Char Dham Highway Development Project: Chamba Tunnel

inaugurated
On May 26, 2020, Union Minister for Road Transport & Highways and MSMEs Shri. Nitin
Gadkari inaugurated the breakthrough event of Chamba Tunnel under Chardham
Pariyojana through video conference.
1. About Chardham Pariyojana

The foundation stone of Char Dham Mahamarg Vikas Pariyojana (Char Dham Highway
Development Project) was laid by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 27 December, 2016.
Its a two lane National Highway project currently under construction in Uttarakhand with
a total investment of around Rs. 12000 Crore.
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2. Char Dham Route
Originating from Rishikesh, Char Dham highway network will have four distinct routes
connecting the four holy places in Uttarakhand viz. Badrinath, Kedarnath, Gangotri and
Yamunotri. The project includes two tunnels, 116 big and small flyovers, several culverts
and bypass roads.
3. Location of Chamba Tunnel

Chamba Tunnel has been dug by Border Roads Organisation (BRO) on National Highway
94 below the Chamba town / hill station in Tehri Garhwal district of Uttarakhand on
Rishikesh-Dharasu route. The runnel will also avoid congestion in Chamba town and
open avenues of socio-economic developments in the region.
261. J.K. Rowling announces “The Ickabog”
On May 26, 2020, British author J.K. Rowling released first two chapters of her new
Children’s book “The lckabog”. The story is to be published in installments on The
Ickabog website for free before its official publication in November 2020. The Ickabog is
her first children’s book since Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows was published in
2007.
About J. K. Rowling
J. K. Rowling (original name Joanne Rowling) is a British author, film & TV producer,
screenwriter and philanthropist, best known for writing the Harry Potter fantasy series.
He first book in Harry Potter series is Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone published
in 1997. The Harry Potter book series is bestselling book series in the history and have
served has basis of Harry Potter film series. She published her first book for adults, The
Casual Vacancy, in 2012. In 2013 she also released a crime novel under the pen name
“Robert Galbraith”.
262. Current Affairs FAQs: Saharan Cheetah
For the first time in a decade, the naturalists have filmed a Saharan Cheetah in a Hoggar
Mountains national park in Algeria.
1. What is Saharan Cheetah?

Saharan cheetah (Zoological name: Acinonyx jubatus hecki) or Northwest African
cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus hecki) is a subspecies of Cheetah endemic to Sahara and the
Sahel regions of Africa. It is a critically endangered fauna and its total population was
suspected to be less than 250 in 2008.
2. How it is different from other African Cheetahs?

Saharan Cheetah is different from other Cheetah species in Africa because of shorter
coat and nearly white colour. Its face has few or no spots and tear stripes are almost
absent.
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3. In which countries, Saharan Cheetah is found?
The Saharan cheetah used to be found in fragmented populations in western and central
Sahara and Sahel regions of Africa. The main countries where it is found include Algeria,
Chad, Mali, Benin, Burkina Faso and Niger. However, it is now extinct from most of the
countries in wild.
4. What are key climatic adaptations in Saharan Cheetah?

This subspecies is found in hot and dry regions and has some behavioural and
physiological adaptation to suit to the harsh environment. For example, they are
predominantly nocturnal and can subsist without direct access to water for several days
(by obtaining water from blood of their prey).
5. What is current population of Saharan Cheetah?

It is thought that currently, only 37 individuals may be alive in world in wild.
May 28, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
263. India attends New Development Bank Governors meet
On May 27, 2020, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitaraman attended the Special Board of
Governors meet of New Development bank through video conference.
1. Highlights
The leaders that attended the meet elected the president, vice president of new
development bank. The bank has so far approved 16.6 billion USD to over 55 projects in
its member countries.
2. New Development Bank

New Development Bank was founded in 2014. The headquarters of the bank is located in
Shanghai, China. It aims to foster development of its member countries, support
economic growth, promote competitiveness and build knowledge sharing platform. The
bank was formed by the BRICS nations.
3. 5th Annual Meet and COVID-19

The 5th annual meet of board of governors of the New Development Bank was held in
April 2020. During the meet, the bank allocated 5 billion USD to BRICS countries and 1
billion USD of emergency funds to India.
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264. World Gold Council Report: 37% of Indian Women never bought
gold
On May 27, 2020, the World Gold Council released its report on Retail Gold Insights:
India Jewellery Report. According to the report, around 37% of Indian women never
bought jewellery.
1. Highlights
The report says that gold jewellery was the second most popular item among “Fashion
and Lifestyle” shoppers next to clothes and silk sarees. Around 60% of Indian women
already owned jewellery.
2. Challenges
According to the World Gold Council, the current young Indian women show least
interest towards gold ornaments. Only 33% of women in the age group 18-24 bought
gold jewellery. Their future purchase intent is low.
265. Russia constructs its first Stealth Bomber
Under its Perspective Aviation Complex for Long Range Aviation (PAKDA) programme,
Russia has constructed its first Stealth Bomber.
1. Highlights
Russia is currently modernizing its military at a very fast pace. The Stealth Bomber is
one such advancement. The bomber is the second-generation combat aircraft after
Sukhoi Su-57 supersonic fighter jet
2. PAKDA
The Stealth Bomber has been developed under PAKDA programme. The PAKDA
programme is to use latest technologies to reduce its radar signature. This will make
Russian weapons and bombers invisible to enemies. The first test flight of PAKDA
bomber is to be conducted in 2021-22.
3. India-Russia
India and Russia signed 14 Memorandums of Understanding in February 2020. This was
held during Defexpo 2020. This included production of S400 missiles and production of
Kamov helicopters and Kalashnikov rifles.
266. Sports Authority of India deposits Rs 30,000 in Khelo India Athletes

accounts
The Sports Authority of India recently transferred Rs 30,000 to the accounts of Khelo
India athletes. The authority has spent Rs 8.25 crores in all to achieve this.
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1. Highlights
The Sports Authority of India recently deposited Rs 30,000 to more than 2749 Khelo
India athletes accounts. The sports allowance has been provided for the athletes to
travel to their home town, to keep up their diet at home and to suffice other
miscellaneous expenses.
2. Khelo India
The Khelo India was launched to boost sports culture in India. The scheme is being
implemented by Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports. The scheme also aims to make
India a great sporting nation.
267. May 28: World Hunger Day
Every year, May 28 is marked as World Hunger Day. The World Hunger Day is an
initiative of the Hunger Project.
1. Significance
The United Nations aims to increase agricultural productivity. This is to feed 820 million
people that are with inadequate food security. The UN predicts that 2 billion are to come
under poverty and face hunger by 2050.
2. India
India in 2019-20 produced 281.95 million tonnes of food grains. Still 69% of deaths of
children under 5 in India is due to malnutrition. The data was provided by the State of
World Children Report.
3. Current Scenario of India

 World Bank says that Human Capital Index of India is 0.44. This means that an Indian child
grows only to 44% of her potential.
 Around 55% of Indian Children (of age 6 months to 23 months) had zero consumption of
vegetables. This is mainly due to lack of breast feeding and diet diversity.
268. India and ADB sign 177 million USD to upgrade Maharashtra State
Highways
On May 28, 2020, the Government of India and the Asian Development Bank signed an
agreement to construct state highways in Maharashtra.
1. Highlights
The funds received from the bank are to be used by the State Government of
Maharashtra to improve road projects. The projects will be used to increase connectivity
between urban and rural areas. This will help in increasing access to markets and
employment opportunities.
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2. Roads and Climate Change
The supporting structures of transport are the biggest climate change challenges in the
world. The roads take the heat continuously during summer and damaged exclusively by
flash floods in rainy season. Therefore, it is important to focus on climate resilient roads.
269. NPCI launched Pai: An Artificial Intelligence Virtual Assistant
On May 27, 2020, the National Payment Corporation of India launched Artificial
Intelligence based chatbot called Pai. The Chatbot aims to increase financial inclusion in
India.
1. Highlights
The PAI can be accessed 24/7. It provides information about NPCI products. The queries
can be sent by the users through text or voice. In order to send queries, the users shall
use websites of RuPay, NPCI and UPI. Currently, PAI is available in English and Hindi
languages. It is to be launched soon in other languages as well.
2. National Payment Corporation of India

The NPCI was founded in 2008 and was established by Reserve Bank of India. AEPS is
one of the biggest success of NPCI. AEPS is Aadhaar Enabled Payment System. In July
2019, the number of AEPS transactions crossed 200 million.
3. Services
The Services provided by NPCI are as follows
270. World Vape Day to be observed on May 30
The World Vape Day is to be observed on May 30 all over the world. It aims to increase
awareness on e-cigarettes and help smokers that are unable to quit smoking.
1. Significance
Vaping reduces smoking related sickness. The number of vapers in the world has
increased from 7 million in 2011 to 41 million in 2018. The emissions from e-cigarettes
are not different from ordinary air.
2. About E-Cigarette
The Electronic Cigarette is a battery-operated device. It converts liquid nicotine into
mist, vapor.
271. European Union: 750 billion Euros announced as COVID-19 Recovery

Fund
On May 27, 2020 the European Union proposed 750 billion Euros as COVID-19 recovery
fund. The fund is to be used by the countries to recover from deep recession caused by
the COVID-19.
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1. Highlights
The European Union has broken the deficit limit to keep jobs, health care systems and
businesses alive in its member countries. France and Germany had earlier agreed to
provide 543 billion USD fund to add cash to the financial measures of the bloc.
2. India’s stand
India supports the Franco-German model greatly. Around 25 nations including India
discussed ways to contain virus involving key international organization. The alliance
was led by France and Germany and the model is an outcome of the meet of 25 nations
that was held through video conferencing in April 2020.
3. Franco-German Model
The model aims to pull in world organizations in the fight against COVID-19. The model
also aims to strengthen the UN and especially under financed World Health Organization
(WHO) to develop and distribute tests and vaccines
272. 9 Crore 60 lakh Farmers Benefitted under Pradhan Mantri Garib

Kalyan Yojana
On May 27, 2020, the Government of India announced that around 9 crore 60 lakh
farmers were benefitted under Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana. This was mainly
done through the PM-KISAN Scheme
1. Highlights
During lock down, around 9.67 crore farmers were benefitted through Pradhan Mantri
Kisan Samman Nidhi. This was done through the funds allocated under Pradhan Mantri
Garib Kalyan Yojana. Since the lock down, that is in the months of April and May, 2020
around 19,000 crores of rupees were released. The amounts under the scheme has been
transferred to the accounts of the farmers directly.
2. PM-KISAN Scheme
The PM-KISAN scheme was launched in 2019. The estimated cost of the scheme was
around Rs 75,000 crores. Under the scheme Rs 6000 was deposited to the accounts of
eligible farmers in three installments annually.
273. State Health Register to be launched by Karnataka Government:

First of its Kind
On May 27, 2020, the Karnataka State Government announced that it will launch a
“State Health Register” to collect data of all its citizens. The register is first of its kind in
the country.
1. Highlights
The register will hold names of all the citizens of the state. The need to maintain such a
register has been raised by COVID-19. The project is to be launched from Chikkaballapur
district in Karnataka.
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2. About the register
The register is to be created in the future with 50% partnership from private hospitals.
The State Government is to undertake a survey including every person of the state. The
current population of Karnataka is 6.5 crores.
3. About the survey

The survey to create the register is to be conducted by visiting to each and every
household. The data will help the state government in allocating funds, better
implementation of the schemes, efficient resource management.
274. WHO suspended Hydroxycloroquine trials
The World Health Organization recently suspended its trials on the efficacy of the drug
Hydroxychloroquine in treating COVID-19. The HCQ trial is one of the four mega trials
initiated by the organization.
1. Mega Trials
The four mega trials include HCQ, Lopinavir and Ritonavir, Lopinavir and Ritonavir along
with Interferon and Remdesivir.
2. India’s Current Status

After WHO stopped its trials on HCQ, the ICMR (Indian Council of Medical Research)
announced that the drug will continue to be used as preventive treatment of COVID-19.
Recently, ICMR revised its guidelines in the usage of HCQ.
3. Reasons of Suspension
The clinical trials of HCQ on COVID-19 patients were suspended considering safety of the
patients. WHO raised concerns over the fact that people in different parts of the world
taking the drug without any proper medical guidance. While, the drug was
recommended by the organization as a treatment and not as preventive measure.
275. New Fresh water fish “Punitus Sanctus” found
A new fresh water fish called Punitus Sanctus was found in Velankanni, Tamil Nadu. The
fish was found in a small water body.
1. Highlights
Sanctus means ‘holy’ in Latin. Punitus is a species of fish that are commonly found in the
drains of western and eastern ghats and also in Eastern Himalayas.
2. About the Genus

The Genus Punitus is locally known as Kende in Tamil Nadu and Paral in Kerala. The
Punitus belongs to the family of Cyprindae. Cyprindae is a family of fresh water fish.
They are collectively called Cyprinids. The family includes barbs, goldfish, bitterlings and
carps.
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3. About Punitus sanctus
The fish was silver in colour. It grows to a maximum length of 7 cm. It has an extended
mouth and hence is different from other species of the Punitus. The new fish found has
now been deposited in the Zoological Survey of India.
4. Zoological Survey of India

The survey is conducted by the ministry of environment, forest and climate change. It
was established in 1916. The survey is conducted to deepen the knowledge about the
faunal diversity in the country.
May 29, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
276. May 29: International Day of UN Peacekeepers
Every year, the United Nations celebrates International Day of UN Peacekeepers on May
29. This year the day is being celebrated under the theme
1. Highlights
The International Day of UN Peacekeepers is celebrated to honour more than 3,900
peacekeepers that lost their lives serving under the United Nations. This year their
challenges have increased as they not only protect the people but are also coping with
COVID-19 pandemic.
2. Current Scenario
There are more than 1 million men and women that are serving 72 UN peacekeeping
operations. The UN peacekeeping forces deploy more than 95,000 police, military and
civilian personnel in around 13 operations.

This year the theme marks the 20th anniversary of adoption of UN security council
resolution 1325 on women, peace and security.
4. Why May 29?

The first UN Peace Keeping mission was established on May 29, 1948. The Peace
keeping mission was established to monitor the Armistice Agreement that was signed
between Israel and Arab.
5. Armistice Agreement
Armistice Agreement is an agreement that is signed to stop fighting. Armistice Day is
marked on November 11. This is to mark the signing of treaties between allies of World
war I and German Empire.
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277. 22nd Financial Stability and Development Council meeting chaired
by Finance Minister
On May 28, 2020, the Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitaraman chaired Financial
Stability and Development Council meet.
1. Highlights
The meeting reviewed current domestic and global economic situation, financial
vulnerabilities issues, liquidity of Micro financial institutions, Non-Banking Financial
corporations, regulatory responses, etc. The council noted that COVID-19 posed a great
threat to the global financial system and the timing of recovery is uncertain.
2. About the Council

The financial stability and development council is an apex body constituted by GoI. The
idea was mooted in 2008 by the Raghuram Rajan Committee. The Council was set up in
2010 by the then Finance Minister Pranab Mukerjee.
3. Functions of the council

The Council deals with issues such as financial sector development, financial stability,
inter-regulatory coordination, financial inclusion, financial literacy.
278. Delimitation Commission holds meeting
On May 28, 2020, the Delimitation Commission held a meeting to review the progress of
directions that were provided during its meet in April, 2020.
1. Highlights
The details of State Election Commissioner were received from the states of Manipur,
Andhra Pradesh, Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir and Assam. The Census data has
also been received from the Registrar General.
2. What is Delimitation?
Delimitation is the act of redrawing the boundaries of state assembly and Lok Sabha
seats with respect to the changes in population. The main objective of delimitation is to
provide equal representatives in the legislative assembly and parliament to equal
segments of population.
3. Delimitation Commission
The Delimitation Act is brought about by the Parliament after every census under Article
82. The commission is made of Supreme Court Judge, Chief Election Commissioner and
also state election commissioners of respective states.
4. Why no delimitation in recent past?

The number of Lok Sabha seats allotted to a state is based on the ratio between that
number and population of the state. However, under this provision, the states that took
less interest in population control ended up having greater representations.
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279. United Nations Military Gender Advocate of the year award to
India’s major Suman Gawani
On the eve of International Day of UN Peacekeepers that is being marked on May 29,
Indian major Suman Gawani and Brazilian Naval Officer Carla Monteiro de Castro Araujo
are to be presented with the United Nations Military Gender Advocate of the year 2019
award.
1. Highlights
For the first time, the award is being shared by two of the officers. The Award was
created in 2016. The award recognizes the effort and dedication of military peace
keepers that are involved in promoting peace and security in different parts of the world.
Major Suman Gawani is the first Indian to receive the award.
2. About Major Suman Gawani

Suman joined the Indian Army in 2011. She joined the Army Signal Corps after
graduating from Officers Training Academy. She completed her schooling in Uttarkashi.
She is currently posted in Delhi.
3. UNMISS
UNMISS is the United Nations Mission in South Sudan. It was established in 2011. As of
May 2019, around 15,000 military personnel have been employed in the mission.
280. UP Government implements Herbal Roads Project
The Uttar Pradesh Government is to implement Herbal Roads Project in a stretch of 800
km in the state.
1. Highlights
Under the project, the state government is to plant trees that have medicinal values on
either sides of the roads. The herbal trees to be planted include Neem, Peepal, Sehjan,
etc. The plants will provide raw materials to medicines and will also help in preventing
erosion of land.
2. Significance
The project was launched in 18 districts. Such an initiative has already been
implemented in Delhi-Yamunotri State Highway 57. Around 34 varieties of herbal trees
are to be planted.
3. Benefits
The Brahmi tree gives sharpness in memory, ashwagandha is used in general wellness.
It is to be noted that Ashwagandha was recently included in the study to fight against
COVID-19. It is also being looked as an alternative to Hydroxychloroquine.
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281. Finance Minister launched instant Aadhaar based E-KYC
On May 27, 2020, the Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitaraman launched instant
Aadhaar based E-KYC.
1. Highlights
The facility will be available for PAN applicants that possess valid Aadhaar number. They
should also have a mobile number registered with Aadhaar. The process of allotting PAN
is paperless and is also free of cost.
2. Union Budget
The instant Aadhaar based E-KYC was introduced by the Finance Minister in the Union
Budget 2020-21. She announced that a system will be brought in that will instantly
provide PAN without the requirement of filling up of application form.
3. About PAN
PAN is Permanent Account Number. It is a 10-digit alpha numeric number that is issued
by Income Tax Department. It enables income tax department to link the transaction of
the person with the department. The transactions include TDS, TCS, tax payments,
income returns, correspondence, specified transactions, etc.
282. CIPET renamed as Central Institute of Petrochemicals Engineering

and Technology
The Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology has now been renamed as
Central Institute of Petrochemicals, Engineering and Technology. The name change was
registered under Tamil Nadu Societies Registration Act, 1975.
1. Highlights
The main objective of CIPET is to contribute towards growth of plastics. It also focuses on
education and research programme. The institute will focus on innovative plastic-based
solutions.
2. UNDP
The CIPET also receives United Nations Development Programme. Apart from UNDP, the
support to CIPET is also received from OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Corporation),
World Bank and UNIDO (United Nations Industrial Development Organization).
3. UNIDO
United Nations Industrial Development Organization was established in 1966. It is one of
the 15 specialized agencies of the United Nations. The UNIDO aims to fulfil the
Sustainable Development Goals.
4. Petrochemicals in India
The Petrochemical industry is growing fast in India. There are four main categories in the
petrochemical industry. This includes polymers, elastomers, synthetic fibres and
surfactant intermediate. Mumbai is the hub of petrochemical industry.
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283. GoI lifts ban on Paracetamol API exports
On May 28, 2020, the Government of India lifted the ban on export of paracetamol
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients.
1. Highlights
The removal of ban will now allow the export of pharmaceutical ingredients used for
COVID-19 treatment. In order to achieve this, the GoI has amended Section 3 of Foreign
Trade (Development and Regulation) act, 1992.
2. The Impose of Ban

The Government of India had earlier imposed export ban on over 26 pharma ingredients.
This included paracetamol and hydroxychloroquine. This was done to avoid shortages
inside the country during the outbreak of COVID-19. On April 6, 2020, the export ban on
24 APIs were lifted leaving out Paracetamol.
3. Supply of APIs to Europe

India is to supply 1000 tonnes of API (Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients) to Europe.
Europe is the largest buyer of Paracetamol from India. Europe alone imports more than
12,000 tonnes of paracetamol annually.
4. Paracetamol
Paracetamol is a pain reliever. It was first made in 1877. It is placed in the Essential
Medicine List of World Health Organization.
284. US joins G7 partnership on Artificial Intelligence
The Leaders of Group of the seven wealthiest countries in the world had set up Global
Partnership on Artificial Intelligence.
1. Highlights
The United States was not a part of the partnership initially. However, US is now joining
the group to counter Chinese dominance in shaping international standards on
surveillance and facial recognition at the United Nations.
2. US on the partnership
The US initially objected G7 partnership on AI claiming that focusing too much on
regulation of AI would hamper innovation. It is important for the US to join the
partnership as there are several tech giants such as Google, Microsoft and Apple that
contribute significant amount to the GDP of US. Also, the international standards set will
affect these companies greatly. Therefore, it is important for the US to join the
partnership.
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3. G7
The Group of 7 or G7 is an intergovernmental economic organization that consists of
world’s largest economies such as France, Canada, Italy, Germany, Japan, UK and US.
The group has more than 46% of global GDP.
285. Rozgar Setu Scheme launched by Madhya Pradesh for skilled

workers
On May 28, 2020, the Madhya Pradesh Government launched Rojgar Setu Yojana to help
migrant workers. The scheme provides employment to the migrant workers.
1. Key Features of the Scheme

The Rozgar Setu scheme will provide employment to migrant workers that have returned
to their homes. The scheme is to conduct a complete survey on population of the state.
2. Svamitva Scheme
The Svamitva Scheme was launched to map rural lands that are inhabited. The mapping
is to be done using drones. Svamitva is Survey of Villages and Mapping with Improvised
Technology in Village Areas.
286. “AGNEEPRASTHA”, the Missile Park: Foundation Stone laid
On May 29, 2020, foundation stone for a missile park called “Agneeprastha” was laid at
INS Kalinga.
1. Highlights
The Missile Park aims to provide information about the history of INS Kalinga. The main
attraction of the park is the P-70 Ametist. It is an anti-ship missile that is launched under
water. The Missile Park will also be a motivational arena for minds that are interested in
missiles and missile technologies.
2. Solar Power Plant

The Park is to operate on solar power. A 2 MW Solar Photo voltaic plant was
commissioned at INS Kalinga as well.
3. INS Kalinga
The INS Kalinga is an Indian Navy establishment that reports to the Eastern Naval
Command. It is located in Vishakhapatnam.
May 30, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
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287. Army Commanders’ Conference held in New Delhi
On May 29, 2020, Army Commanders Conference was held in New Delhi. The event was
held in two phases.
1. Highlights
The Conference was chaired by the Defence Minister Rajnath Singh. The existing and
developing security challenges were discussed in the conference. The conference also
discussed human resource management issues and merger of training establishments.
2. Recent Developments
It is to be noted that the Defence sector has undergone several administrative changes
in the recent times. Around 9,304 military Engineering Services were abolished based on
the recommendation of Shekatar Committee.
3. Second Phase
The second phase of the conference is to be held between 24-27 June, 2020.
4. Structure of Indian Army

Indian Army got its current structure after independence. It is the fourth largest army in
the world. The Army is divided into 7 commands. It includes Eastern Command, Northern
Command, Central Command, Southern Command, Western Command, South-Western
Command and Training Command.
288. 23 additional Minor Forest Produce included in Minimum Support

Price List
On May 29, 2020, the Ministry of Tribal Affairs announced that 23 additional Minor Forest
Produce of Minimum Support Price has been included.
1. Highlights
Also, the minimum support price for the existing forest produce was reduced for 50
items. The increase in Minor Forest Produce is from 16% to 66%. In certain cases such as
Giloe, the increase is in the range of 190%.
2. Minor Forest Produce

The Indian Forest Act, 1927 defines forest produce. However, the Minor Forest Produce
got its definition only in 2007. Minor Forest Produce includes brushwood, bamboo, canes,
honey, cocoon, tusser, roots, tuber, etc.
289. Free Online Career Skills Training under National Career Service
Project
The Ministry of Labour and Employment is to provide Career Skills Training under its
National Career Service Project in partnership with TCS.
168
1. Highlights
The National Career Service Project will provide employment related services to career
counselling, job matching, vocational guidance, job search, information on skill
development courses, etc. Around 1000 employment exchanges are integrated with
NCS. This includes 200 model career centres as well.
2. National Career Service

The National Career Service mainly works to bridge gaps between the people searching
for jobs and those that hire them. It mainly aims to reach out to the youth that are in
search of employment.
290. COVID-19 culture for vaccine development and drug testing
The Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology cultured COVID-19 from the patients
infected with the virus.
1. Highlights
The virologists at CCMB will isolate infectious virus from the patients. The isolated virus
will be used for vaccine development and drug testing.
2. Significance
Virus Culture is important for development of antibodies. The inactivated virus when
injected into human bodies will trigger antibody responses. The antibodies generated are
processed, collected and purified and used for therapeutic intervention.
3. Status of the study

Under the study, the researchers of CCMB are to produce large quantities of COVID-19.
The researchers will also test potential drugs with partners such as DRDO (Defence
Research Development Organization).
4. Challenges
COVID-19 enters human cell through ACE-2 receptor. The respiratory disease in the case
of COVID-19 is caused in respiratory tract and mainly is because of the infection caused
in epithelial cells. However, epithelial cells cannot be grown in the lab.
291. May 31: World No Tobacco Day
Every year, on May 31, World No Tobacco Day is being marked by the World Health
Organization
1. Highlights
The day creates awareness about the dangers of using tobacco. The World No Tobacco
Day initiative was adopted in 1987 by the WHO. The day also draws attention to more
than 8 million deaths that occurs due to Tobacco. This year the day is celebrated under
following theme
169
2. Significance
The World Health Organization reports that around 17% of young people in the age of 15
and 24 are smoking. A person who starts smoking before the age of 20 is more likely to
develop an addiction. Also, World No Tobacco Awards are distributed on this day.
292. GoI approves Rs 445 crores for Chhattisgarh under Jal Jeevan
Mission
On May 29, 2020, the Union Government approved Rs 445 crores under Jal Jeevan
Mission for Chhattisgarh for the year 2020-21.
1. Highlights
The Funds will be used to help Chhattisgarh achieve its mission of providing tap water
connection to all the households in the state by 2023-24. There are 45 households in the
state. OF these, 20 lakh households have been provided with tap water connection
under the mission.
2. Challenges of Chhattisgarh
Chhattisgarh has been battling with ground water depletion and contamination due to
chemicals such as fluoride, arsenic, iron, etc. The state government is to use the migrant
work force that have returned home to implement the scheme. This is to be done under
MGNREGA.
3. Jal Jeevan Mission

The Mission aims to provide good quality drinking water to all the households in the
country by 2024. In order to achieve this, the Government of India has allocated Rs 3.6
lakh crores.
293. Why are the recent Locusts Attacks the worst in history?
The Locusts swarming in the Northern parts of India have so far reached Rajasthan,
Punjab, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh.
1. Highlights
According to the Food and Agriculture Organization, much of the movement of these
locusts is mainly due to Westerlies. The Locust Warning Organization that monitors
locusts swarms announced that there are no immediate danger to Delhi due to these
swarms.
2. History
There were eight locust attacks between 1812 and 1889 in India. Also, between 1926
and 1931 India faced Rs 2 crores (100 million USD today) of crop damages.
170
3. Desert Locust
Desert Locusts are from the family of grasshoppers. They normally live and breed in
desert regions. However, they feed on green vegetation. A single swarm of locusts
consist of 40 to 80 million adults. They are capable of travelling upto 150 km in a day.
4. How badly is India affected?

The Locusts are said to have come from Ethiopia and Somalia after crossing Saudi
Arabia, Iran and Pakistan. As India has just finished harvesting its Rabi crops, the
damages were not major.
5. Control of Locusts
The Locusts are controlled with spray of pesticides such as organo-phosphate. This year
chemicals such as deltamethrin, lambdacyhalothrin, chlorpyriphos, fipronil, malathion
have been recommended.
294. Goa celebrates Statehood Day
On May 30, 2020, Goa celebrated its Statehood Day. Goa was the 25th state to join the
union of India.
1. History
As India gained independence on August 15, 1947, India requested the Portugese to
cede their territories. However, Portuguese refused. In 1961, Indian Government
launched Operation Vijay and annexed Daman and Diu, islands and Goa with the Indian
mainland.
2. Controversy
As Goa was formed controversies emerged that Goa should be merged with Maharashtra
or Mysore. However, in 1967 a opinion poll was conducted and was concluded that Goa
will remain as state and Daman and Diu shall remain as union territory.
3. Role of Goa in history

Goa attracted monks and missionaries that left great impression in the culture of Goa.
Apart from this, Goa was a part of Vijayanagar Empire in 1370 and later was a part of
Bijapur Sultanate as well.
4. Portuguese in Goa
The Portuguese conquered Goa in 1510 under the leadership of Afonso de Albuquerque.
As they conquered Goa, they took control of the spice trade.
295. K-FON Project of Kerala to be implemented by December
On May 30, 2020, the Kerala Government announced that the ambitious project of the
state called the K-FON (Kerala Fibre Optic Network) project is to be implemented by
December 2020.
171
1. Key Features of the Project
Under the K-FON project the Kerala Government aims to link all the houses and offices in
the state with optical fibre network. In order to achieve this, the State Government has
allocated Rs 1548 crores. The project is to be implemented by the State IT Infrastructure
Limited and State Electricity Board, both owned by the State Government.
2. Benefits
Around 30,000 government offices are to benefit from the project. It also includes
educational institutions. Alongside, the project is to give a push to E-Health programmes
of the state. The project will also benefit airports, seaports, IT parks, e-commerce
platforms. The project is to link mobile towers for better internet services.
296. Tax Heads of BRICS met through Video Conference
On May 29, 2020, the Heads of Tax authorities of BRICS met through video conference.
The Conference was hosted by Russia.
1. Highlights
The meeting was attended by the Heads of Tax Authorities of Russia, Brazil, India, China
and South Africa. The meeting was hosted by the current Presidency, Russia. India was
represented by the Finance Secretary Dr Ajay Bhushan Pandey.
2. India at the meet

India shared several measures that are being taken to mitigate the effect of COVID-19.
India also announced that it is extending its complete support in addressing tax
challenges at the OECD and G-20.
3. BRICS
BRICS members are known for their influence in regional affairs. They are all members of
G20 as well. The BRICS countries represent over 41% of world population. As of 2018,
the countries contributed to 23.2% of world GDP. Therefore, every decision taken in the
BRICS meet influences the a quarter of global trade.
297. 29 May: International Everest Day observed
The International Everest Day is observed every year on 29 May. The day is celebrated
with processions, memorial events, and special events in Kathmandu, Nepal and the
Everest region.
1. Background
The day is observed every year in memory of the first summit of Mt. Everest on 29 May
1953 undertaken by Sir Edmund Hillary from New Zealand and Tenzing Norgay Sherpa
from Nepal who became first humans to achieve the feat. In 2008, the Nepal
government decided to observe day as International Everest Day when legendary
climber Hillary passed away.
172
2. About Mount Everest
 It is the world’s highest mountain above sea level with Elevation of 8,848 m.
 It is known as Sagarmatha in Nepali and as Chomolungma in Tibetan.
 The mountain was named as ‘Everest’ as a tribute to Sir George Everest, the Surveyor
General of India from 1830 to 1843.
May 31, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
298. “Indian National Super Model” launched by DST
On May 31, 2020, the Department of Science and Technology operating under Ministry
of Science and Technology launched the Indian National Super Model.
1. Highlights
The Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) and IISc (Indian
Institute of Science) are to play crucial role in the programme.
2. About the Model

The Model will integrate mathematical and statistical forecasts. This will help in
predicting the possible impacts of the spread of the disease. A consultative committee is
to work closely with the experts involved in the model. The committee will provide
guidance, aggregation and final delivery of the super model.
299. Birth of New Planets witnessed first time in human history
The SPHERE instrument of the Very Large Telescope has captured the birth of new
planet in the AB Aurigae star system recently. This is the first time in human history the
birth of a star is being witnessed.
1. Highlights
The birth of the new star was depicted by the European Southern Observatory. The
image depicts orange mass of gas. The mass showing the cosmic matter of the universe
at gravitational tipping point is exactly the sign for a star system to be born.
2. About Very Large Telescope

Very Large Telescope, also called VLT is located in European Southern Observatory,
northern Chile. It consists of four telescopes. They are generally used separately.
However, when used together gives the highest resolution.
173
300. GoI launches “Responsible AI for Youth” programme and an AI
Portal
On May 30, 2020, the Union Minister Shri Ravi Shankar Prasad launched an initiative
called “Responsible AI for Youth” and an Artificial Intelligence Portal called
www.ai.gov.in.
1. Highlights
The programme and the portal were launched to commemorate the first anniversary of
second tenure of Narendra Modi Government.
2. Responsible AI for Youth

The Responsible AI for Youth was launched targeting the youth in the country. The
programme aims to provide a platform to empower their new age technology skills
especially AI based skills. The programme has been launched in collaboration with Intel
India.
3. Portal
The minister along with the programme launched the portal called www.ai.gov.in. The
portal was developed by the E-Governance division operating under Ministry of
Electronics and IT.
4. India’s path in AI
The main challenge of AI is that it minimizes work force (labours) employed. Especially
for a highly populous country like India, AI if not developed in the right direction might
create huge unemployment crisis. Therefore, India has chosen its path of AI cautiously.
India is developing AI by empowering its citizens rather than making humans less
relevant.
301. Existence of Earth like planet orbiting Proxima Centauri confirmed
On May 30, 2020, the international team of scientists confirmed the existence of the
planet that is of the size of the earth. The planet is revolving Proxima Centauri star in the
Alpha Centauri star system.
1. Highlights
The planet has the mass of 1.17 times as that of the earth. The mass of the planet was
measured using radial velocity measurements with the help of a spectrograph. The
name of the spectrograph used to detect the planet mass is ESPRESSO.
2. Proxima Centauri
Proxima Centauri is located 4.2 light years away from the sun. It is a red dwarf star and
is one-eighth the mass of the sun. The Proxima b was discovered in 2016 simply as a
planet that is revolving Proxima Centauri. The recent discovery says that the planet is
similar to that of the earth.
174

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1. India ranks 53rd in Budget Transparency and Accountability

According to the Open Budget Survey conducted by the International Budget

4. About the Survey

2. G20 Digital Economy Ministers meet held through video conference

3. India placed on the “Priority Watch List” for Intellectual Property

2. Why is India placed on the list?

4. India-China Ceremonial Border Meet on “Labour Day” cancelled due to

3. Other Auspicious occasions

5. Potential Military Super Power

5. Hezbollah classified as Terrorist Organization by Germany

On April 30, 2020, Germany classified the organization Hezbollah as a terrorist

3. Iran-Israel proxy war

6. GI Tag to Manipur Black Rice, Gorakhpur Terracotta and Kovilpatti

3. Kovilpatti Kadalai Mittai

7. ATULYA: Microwave sterilizer to disintegrate COVID-19 developed

The Defence Institute of Advanced Technology, deemed university operating under

3. National Film Awards

9. YASH launched by Department of Science and Technology

2. What is the plan?

3. Aim of the programme

10. AYURAKSHA Programme organized by Delhi Police

3. What is the Plan?

11. ECI to conduct biennial election to Maharashtra Legislative Council

On May 1, 2020, the Election Commission of India announced that it is to conduct

12. India’s New representative of UN; India to become member of UNSC

1. Permanent Representative to the UN

2. India’s membership at UNSC

13. USAID to provide 3 million USD for India’s PAHAL project

14. Kisan Sabha Application developed by CSIR launched

2. Functions of the application

15. E-Nam: 200 new Mandis integrated

2. What is special about the step?

2. One Nation One Ration Card

3. National Food Security Act

4. Depot Online System

1. Support from other Government Entities

2. Central Vista Redevelopment Project

3. What is Central Vista?

18. Kashmir Saffron receives GI Tag

1. About Kashmir Saffron