2020 January

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Current Affairs [PDF] - January 1-31, 2020
Last Updated: June 01, 2020
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Contents
January 1, 2020
1. Report of Task Force on National Infrastructure Pipeline released
2. Rabi Crop Sowing increase by 36 lakh hectares
3. Results of Swachh Survekshan League, 2020 released
4. Kerala: the first state to pass anti-CAA resolution
5. PM Modi to release third instalment of Kisan Samman Nidhi
6. RPF renamed as Indian Railways Protection Force Service; Railway prices hiked
7. List of Nuclear Installations exchanged between India and Pakistan
8. India will overtake Germany; Become 4th largest economy in the world in 2026
9. 10,000 cameras to be used in Gujarat Lion Census, 2020
10. UNICEF Report: More than 1,70,000 violations against Children
January 2, 2020
11. PM Modi: 5 DRDO laboratories dedicated to nation
12. Election Commission launches PPRTMS-an online system
13. RBI launches MANI application for visually challenged
14. Andhra Pradesh Government plans to deliver sand at door steps
15. Lists of Civilian prisoners and fishermen exchanged between India and Pakistan
16. Guru Gobind Singh Birth anniversary Celebrated
17. Sale of Darjeeling Tea affected by illegal influx of Nepal Tea
18. GoI misses its disinvestment target
19. NITI Aayog: Link private medical colleges with district hospitals
20. Indian Science Congress to begin at Bengaluru
January 3, 2020
21. 2020 Designated as “Year of Nurse and Midwife”
22. India to set strict restrictions on non-essential imports from China
23. Palau first country to ban sunscreen to protect Coral Reefs
24. World Book Fair, 2020 at New Delhi
25. Khelo India Youth Games to be held in Guwahati
26. PM Modi pays tribute to Savitribai Phule on her birthday
27. Farmer Suicide: Steep rise in Maharashtra; highest in 4 years
28. Ministry of External Affairs creates “NEST” to increase investment coordination
29. First Silk Processing plant in Gujarat to boost “PATOLA SAREE” production
30. 2636 EV Charging Stations sanctioned under Phase II FAME India
January 4, 2020
31. 171 Hospitals de-empanelled under Ayushman Bharat Scheme
32. US army kills Iranian Commander Soleimani: India’s Concerns
33. India’s Foreign Exchange touches all time high of 457.468 billion USD
34. January 4: World Braille Day
35. “Cyber Safe Initiative” launched by Maharashtra Government
36. Lai Haraoba Festival begins in Tripura
37. Vertical Farming: A silent Revolution in Agriculture
38. FSI: 21.4% of forest cover prone to forest fires
January 5, 2020
39. NHRC issues notice to Rajasthan Government
40. I-Stem portal; DRDO Science Expo launched at the Indian Science congress
41. Project NETRA: ISRO Signs pact to set up optical Telescope
42. Turtle Rehab Centre in Bihar-First of its kind
43. Odisha’s Bhitarkanika National Park Census: Increase in Salt Water Crocodiles
44. National Pension Scheme for traders: Not successful as expected
45. APEDA: Eight States finalise Agricultural Action Plan to boost Exports
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January 6, 2020
46. GoI to confer first “Antarrashtriya Yoga Diwas Media Samman”
47. MECOS-3, 2020: Global Marine Ecosystem Meet in Kochi
48. India Russia to sign MoUs on AK-203 assault rifles
49. India’s UJALA Programme completes 5 successful years
50. Iran withdraws from the JCPOA deal completely
51. AI powered National Stock Exchange Knowledge Hub inaugurated in New Delhi
52. BEE sets new standards for ACs: Default temperature set to 24 Degree Celsius
53. ICMR releases report on Sugar Intake of India, Report first of its kind
54. Global Drosophila Conference held at Pune
January 7, 2020
55. 2020 observed as Year of Mobility by CISF
56. Zo Kutpui Festival organised in Mizoram
57. ISRO launches Massive Human Space Flight Centre in Challakere, Karnataka
58. Yoga Science Meet, Farmers Science Congress held at Indian Science Congress in Bengaluru
59. Oman ships arrive to participate in Indo-Oman bilateral Naval Exercise “Naseem Al-Bahr”
60. Centre approves disaster relief fund to seven states
61. IDRSS: ISRO new satellite to help Gaganyaan crew
62. IMD’s State of Climate Report: 2019 the seventh warmest year since 1901
63. GoI releases First Advance Estimates: GDP Growth Rate predicted as 5%
64. World Bank Study: Effect of Automation on FDI flows
January 8, 2020
65. Second National GST Conference of Central and State Tax Commissioners held
66. UIDAI’s 10-year success-The State of Aadhaar Report
67. NITI Aayog: List of high export potential medical devices created
68. Indian Army begins work on GOCO Model
69. LIGO: Second Merger of Neutron Stars detected
70. Cabinet approves North East Natural Gas Pipeline Grid
71. Cabinet approves India-Mongolia Agreement on exploration of outer space
72. Cabinet approves India’s MoUs with UK, Sweden and BMGF
January 9, 2020
73. CCI report on E-Commerce Market of India
74. Indian Pompano fish cultivation-First Scientific Experiment
75. World Bank’s Global Economic Prospect: World Economic Growth projected at 2.5%
76. The Pulses Conclave 2020 to be held in Lonavala, Maharashtra
77. Railways: First Solar Power and plans to Link J&K with rest of India
78. Milan 2020: Indian Navy to host multi-nation military drill
79. Nirbhaya funds: IP based video surveillance in railways & Fast Track Courts
January 10, 2020

80. GoI releases Year End Review report of Energy Sector in the Country
81. India-Germany sign MoU on Zero Budget Natural Farming
82. January 9: Pravasi Bharatiya Divas
83. Supreme Court: Access to Internet-a fundamental right
84. Four Colonial structures re-dedicated to Kolkata
85. Amma Vodi scheme launched in Andhra Pradesh
86. IEA launches India’s Energy Policy Report
87. Gujarat to import water soluble fertilizers from China
88. January 10: World Hindi Day
89. India deploys INS Vikramaditya amidst Sea Guardians-The China-Pakistan naval drill
January 11, 2020

90. State Energy Efficiency Index released by GoI
91. India erects “steel fence” across Pakistan, Bangladesh border
92. GoI to launch Purvodaya to accelerate Eastern India Development
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93. GoI established I4C and a portal to deal cyber crimes
94. Corona Virus: A new stain of virus found in China
95. India attends Hormuz Peace Initiative
January 12, 2020

96. “Cyber AASHVAST” Cyber Crime Prevention Unit launched in Gandhinagar, Gujarat
97. LCA Tejas: The First Indigenous Aircraft to make an arrested Landing
98. Raisina Dialogue to be held New Delhi
99. January 12: National Youth Day
100. Ordinance promulgated to amend coal mining laws
101. Commemorative stamps released on 150th celebrations of Kolkata Port Trust
January 13, 2020

102. 200 fighter jets to be acquired by Indian Air Force
103. Report says STEM jobs raising in India
104. World Future Energy Summit and CLIX to be held at Abu Dhabi
105. Shopper Malware: 14% Indians affected
106. NIIT to be a part of NEAT programme
107. Australian Koalas become endangered in bush fires
108. ISRO to launch GSAT-30 satellite
109. GoI: 6th Island Development Agency meeting held in New Delhi
January 14, 2020

110. Statue of Unity included in 8 Wonders of SCO; SCO heads meet: first time in India
111. January 14: Armed Forces Veterans Day
112. Regulations of Drones in India hastened
113. Fuel Upgradation for Indian Navy
114. Retail Inflation at 5-year high of 7.35% in December, 2019
115. MoU between Railways and SBI for door step banking
116. Indian Railways: MoU with RailTel; Content on Demand Services to raise non-fare revenue
117. Muppavarapu Venkaiah Naidu National Award to Prof M S Swaminathan
118. January 15: IMD Foundation Day
January 15, 2020

119. National Draft Policy on Rare Diseases
120. Annual Status of Education Report 2019
121. WHO releases Global Health Challenges for 2020
122. New Rules to sell hallmarked gold Artifacts
123. GoI launches Saksham, a mega campaign on fuel conservation
124. First digital exhibition on Indian Heritage inaugurated
January 16, 2020

125. January 15: Indian Army Day
126. WEF: Global Risks Report, 2020
127. RAISINA DIALOGUE: Ind-Fin MoU; Russia on India’s UNSC membership and Indo-Pacific
128. Henley Passport Index launched
January 17, 2020

129. First Session of India-Norway Dialogue held in New Delhi
130. “Globalizing Indian Thought”, an International Conclave held at Kozhikode
131. Food Processing Summit held in Ladakh
132. Historic Bru-Reang Refugee agreement signed-34,000 displaced to settle in Tripura
133. India-World Bank sign 88 million USD to implement Assam Inland Water Transport Project
134. Sahyog-Kaijin-India-Japan joint exercise for Coast Guards
135. Bangladesh: Regularly submerging Island to house 100,000 Rohingya refugees
136. Winged Raider: Indian Army’s largest airborne exercise-500 troops participate
137. National Information Centre sets up Centre of Block Chain Technology in Bengaluru
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January 18, 2020
138. NITI Aayog and Ladakh UT sign MoU to develop Infrastructure projects
139. “APNA UREA-SonaUgle” brand of HURL launched-To increase Urea Production
140. Russia: Production of S-400 missiles begins; China-India-Russia meet in March 2020
141. Amazon to invest 1 billion USD in India; Create 1 million jobs
142. J&K Development: Rs 2000 crore for Z-Morh Tunnel; 36 Union Ministers’ visit
143. Tuberculosis: India renames its programme; WHO endorses India developed tech-TrueNAt MTB
144. Firsts of Census 2021: Cereals eaten, transgender run houses
145. Industrial Meet of ‘Wings India’-Asia’s largest Civil Aviation Event held at Bengaluru
146. ELECRAMA-Indian Electrical Industry Showcase inaugurated
147. GoI launches “Seismic Hazard Microzonation” to minimize earthquake disasters
January 19, 2020

148. World Gold Council report: RBI ranks 6th in buying gold abroad
149. Myanmar-China sign 33 deals of BRI: Increases China’s ease of access of Indian Ocean
January 20, 2020

150. K-4 Nuclear capable Underwater missile test fired by India
151. National Ganga Mission Begins Conservation of wet lands along the Ganges
152. National Immunization Day observed in India
153. India to set up Maritime Research Coordination Centre in Sri Lanka
154. Group of Ministers report on legal framework to prevent sexual harassment
155. Report on Central and State Water Departments based on Efficiency Targets: Gujarat leads
156. 1 trillion USD required to achieve UN’s Decarbonization Target of Shipping Industry
157. Delhi Government releases Guarantee card on free bus services, water & electricity
158. National Agricultural Export Authority, APEDA launched 186 product testing laboratories
159. India prepares for Corona Virus-Steps of Health Ministry
160. NIC organizes Tech Conclave in New Delhi on “Technologies for NextGen Governance”
January 21, 2020

161. UNCTAD releases Global investment Trend report: India among top 10 recipients of FDI
162. “TIGERSHARKS”, First Squadron of Sukhoi-30 MKI aircraft inducted by IAF in Tamil Nadu
163. Carbon Disclosure Project: India ranks 5th
164. GoI launches paperless licensing of petroleum service stations
165. Global Social Mobility Index launched at World Economic Forum: India ranks 76th
January 22, 2020

166. Claims against India under Bilateral International Treaty dismissed
167. Women Power at Republic Day parade: Tania Shergil and CRPF bikers
168. Start Up India-first time in Republic Parade; Indian Navy
169. India Nepal inaugurate new check post, Jogbani-Biratnagar at the border
170. 32nd interaction of PRAGATI held: Rs 24,000 crores worth projects discussed
171. India joins Reskilling Revolution Initiative at World Economic Forum as a Founding Member
172. World Economic Forum Survey: World loses hopes in Climate Science; Indians are most-trusting
173. World Economic Forum: 1 trillion trees and report on Password role in Cyber Crime
January 23, 2020

174. Facts Box: “Three Capital Bill” of Andhra Pradesh
175. National Startup Advisory Council setup to boost Startups and Innovations
176. India-Brazil: BIT to be signed; Cabinet approves agreements on legal assistance, Oil
177. India participates at United Nations AIDS Programme at World Economic Forum
178. Democracy Index released: India ranks 51; Slips 10 positions
179. January 23: Birth Anniversary of Subhash Chandra Bose celebrated
180. Ghana inspired by India’s Ujjwala; India to assist; MoU signed
181. Facts Box: ILO’s Labour Report, 2020
182. Defence Ministry approved procurement of 5,100 crores of hardware
January 24, 2020

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183. Phase Out of Ozone Depleting Chemicals achieved by India
184. “Vyom Mitra”-ISRO’s half Humanoid-An experimental mission of Gaganyaan
185. January 24: National Girl Child Day
186. National Data and Analytics Platform released by NITI Aayog
January 25, 2020

187. 25 January – National Voters Day
January 26, 2020

188. Ganga-Volga Dialogue held with Russia to enhance Connectivity
189. Department of Biotechnology held International Summit on Women in STEM
190. India & World Bank sign Agreement of 210 million USD in agriculture and rural transformation
191. India’s first Super Fab Lab inaugurated in Kerala
192. Indian Railway’s first Waste to Energy Plant uses “PolyCrack” Technology
January 27, 2020

193. Bharat Parv, a festival of culture being held at Red Fort
194. India-Brazil ink 15 agreements during Brazil President’s visit on Republic Day
195. Padma Awards announced on Republic Day
196. DRDO displays A-SAT weapon system at Republic Day Parade
197. Shiv Bhojan Tali Scheme launched in Maharashtra
198. Kobe Bryant, a retired NBA star dies in Helicopter Crash
199. Global Potato Conclave to be held in Gujarat
200. Andhra Pradesh Cabinet nods to abolish Legislative Council
201. GoI signs “Historic Accord”, Bodo Agreement
202. January 27: International Holocaust Remembrance Day
203. GoI new Target: Indian Railways to run 100% on electricity by 2024
January 28, 2020

204. Corona virus: WHO increases global risk from moderate to high
205. India’s first underwater Metro: To begin in March 2022 in Kolkata
206. Bengal becomes the fourth state to pass resolution against CAA
207. US: 25,000 Child porn cases in 5 months in India; Rajya Sabha panel report on child porn
208. January 28: Lala Lajpat Rai Birth Anniversary Celebrated
209. Resolution against CAA in European Parliament; India’s Measures
210. Britain releases new 50 pence coin marking BREXIT
211. Passport Renewal Reminder Services begun by Passport Seva Kendras
212. Report Card on Smart Cities to be released by June 2020
213. MGNREGA scheme faces funds shortage
January 29, 2020

214. Supreme Court: African Cheetah permitted to be introduced in India
215. 10 more Wet lands declared Ramsar Sites: Maharashtra gets its first Ramsar site
216. Bhuvan Panchayat 3.0 launched by ISRO
217. Composite Regional Centre launched in Port Blair
218. “Operation Vanilla” launched by Indian Navy for Disaster Relief at Madagascar
219. National Commission for Homeopathy bill, 2019 approved by Cabinet
220. Cabinet: National Commission for Indian System of Medicine Bill, 2019 approved
221. The Medical Termination of Pregnancy (Amendment) Bill, 2020 approved by Cabinet
222. Cure for Corona Virus: AYUSH recommends Unani Medicines
223. “Madhavpur Mela” of North East reviewed; Cabinet approves 30% NEC allocation to new projects
January 30, 2020

224. NITI Aayog’s Aspirational District Ranking released: Chandauli of UP tops
225. World Sustainable Development Summit organized by TERI first time in New Delhi
226. War Memorial built by Assam Rifles in Nagaland
227. Surajkund Mela-International Crafts Fair organized by Haryana with HP as theme state
228. UN Development Programme: Telangana tops sustainable growth goals performer list
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229. January 30: World Neglected Tropical Diseases Day
230. Transparency International: Assam tops in budget formulation
231. SAMPRITI-IX: India-Bangladesh Joint Military Exercise to be held in Meghalaya
232. Indian Railways to roll out Automatic Identification and Data Collection
233. Indian National Commission for Cooperation with UNESCO held in New Delhi
January 31, 2020

234. WHO: International Health Emergency declared over Corona Virus
235. World Games Athlete of the Year, 2019-Title won by Rani Rampal
236. CII celebrates 125 years; Tamil Nadu CM launches new scheme at the event
237. Google: Tangi Application; AI Model for Killer Whales; 1 million USD Grant
238. TERI: India’s Steel Demand to increase carbon emissions by 600 MT
239. Economic Survey 2020 tabled in the Parliament by the Finance Minister
240. Amazon partnering with Eastern Railways sets up pick-up kiosk in Kolkata after Mumbai
241. ISRO preparing 500 low cost satellite launch vehicles in 5 years
242. Vidya Bal-Social Activist, Feminist passed away
243. Indian Railways: First Banana Container Train to boost exports; First High Capacity Parcel Van
244. First indigenous bio-jet fuel powered IAF aircraft lands successfully in Leh
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January 1, 2020
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1. Report of Task Force on National Infrastructure Pipeline released
On December 31, 2019, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman released a report of task
force on National Infrastructure on Pipeline (NIP) 2019-2025. The task force was set up in
order to draw up National Infrastructure Pipeline from fiscal year 2019-20 to 2024-25.
1. Highlights of the report

The report says that between 2020 and 2025 GoI has planned investment in
infrastructure sectors such as roads, railways, urban, energy. These sectors account to
70% of infrastructure investments planned. The plan is to invest 102 lakh crores of
rupees by 2025 and make India a 5 trillion-dollar economy.
2. Highlights: Energy
According to the report, the total capacity of Indian Energy Sector is 356 GW. Out of this,
thermal constitutes 66%, renewable energy constitutes 22%, hydro sector constitutes
13% and nuclear around 2%. The vision set for 2025 is raise the total capacity of power
to 619 GW of energy by decreasing thermal energy to 50%, increasing renewable to
39%, hydro to 9% and maintaining nuclear energy at the same level.
3. Highlights: Transport sector
3.1. Railways
The current freight traffic of Indian Railways is at 33%. The report says that GoI has
planned to increase the private sector participation in freight traffic. GoI will add 30% of
net cargo by 2025 and will increase private trains to 500.
3.2. Port
There are around 12 major ports in India. The total capacity of the ports is 2 billion tons.
According to the report, the capacity of the ports are to be increased to 2.5 billion tons.
3.3. Airport
Today, India ranks 3rd in aviation sector. The aim is to improve India to 2nd position.
4. Highlights: Agriculture
In India, currently, the Food Corporation of India has installed 7.25 lakh metric tons of
silos. According to the report, the storage capacity is to be increased to 100 lakh MT.
4.1. Irrigation
The area under irrigation in India is 68 million hectares. This is to be increased to 85
million hectares by 2025. The micro irrigation that covers 15% of irrigated area is to be
increased to 28%. Also, pricing methods based on water-quality are to be adopted.
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5. Highlights: Digital Infrastructure
India ranks second in terms of mobile phones with 119 crore mobile subscribers. The aim
is to make India rank one in the sector. Currently, internet penetration in the sector is
40% and the aim is to increase this to 80%.
6. Highlights: Urban sector

Around 25% of urban household have drinking water in their premises in the country.
This is to be increased to 100%. India ranks 120th in water quality index and 70% of
water in the country is contaminated. Advanced techniques are to be used to maintain
water quality.
7. Highlights: Rural Sector

Around 18% of rural households receive piped water supply. Under Jal Jeevan Mission,
this is to be increased to 100% by 2024.
2. Rabi Crop Sowing increase by 36 lakh hectares
The Ministry of Agriculture on December 31, 2019, announced that the sowing area of
rabi crops have increased by 36 lakh hectares. This is mainly due to improvement in soil
moisture in Rabi growing states.
1. Highlights
The total area under Rabi crops was 536 hectares last year and this has increased to 571
hectares. Of these, wheat has been sown in 297 lakh hectares, rice has been sown in 14
lakh hectares, coarse cereals in 46 lakh hectares and oilseeds in 74 lakh hectares.
2. Rabi crops
The major Rabi crops in India are wheat, barley, sesame, peas, mustard. They are sown
in winter between October and December and are harvested in summer between April
and June. The major Rabi crop growing states in the country are UP, Uttarakhand,
Punjab, Haryana, J&K and Himachal Pradesh.
3. Release of Estimates
Annually, the agriculture ministry releases four estimates of agricultural crops. These
estimates provide a detailed report on the sowing of crops in the country. The estimates
are released in the months of September (when Kharif sowing is completed), February
(after Rabi sowing is completed), April-May and in July-August.
3. Results of Swachh Survekshan League, 2020 released
The Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs on December 31, 2019, released Swachh
Survekshan League in New Delhi. Around 4,372 cities participated in the league. It is a
cleanliness survey that helps in competitive federalism.
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1. Highlights
In the category of 10 lakh plus population, Indore secured first place. Indore has
remained in first place for the last three years. Following Indore, Bhopal and Surat are in
second and third places respectively. In the category of population between one lakh
and 10 lakhs, Jamshedpur was in 1st spot following New Delhi and Khargone.
2. Indicators
The focus of the survey was on waste water treatment, faecal sludge management. The
survey also focused on implementation of ODF+, water plus and ODF++ protocols of the
ministry of housing and urban affairs.
3. Significance
In Competitive Federalism, the relationship between Central and state governments are
vertical and between the state governments are horizontal. The ranking of the cities
based on cleanliness helps in promoting competition among them. The idea was mooted
during economic reforms in the country in 1990s. The states will compete with each
other that will help achieve efficiency in administration also will enhance developmental
activities.
4. Kerala: the first state to pass anti-CAA resolution
The Kerala Government on December 31, 2019, passed a resolution to rollback the
Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) that was passed during this winter session of
Parliament. According to the Kerala Government, the CAA act contradicts the basic
principles of Constitution.
1. Highlights
According to the Government of Kerala, the act was against secularism and has
triggered widespread protests in the country. The act also dented India’s image among
the International community
2. The act and the issue

The Citizenship Amendment Act, 2019 was passed in December 2019. The act amended
Citizenship act passed in 1955. It allows Hindus, Buddhists, Sikhs, Jains, Christians and
Parsi religious minorities to gain Indian citizenship. It also includes the minorities who
have fled from countries such as Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh. The issue
around the act is that it does not include Muslims.
3. Concerns of North East

Though the ongoing protests in the country is predominantly against its non-secular
feature, North Eastern states are against the overall act. The north-eastern citizens,
especially Assam, fear that the act will grant citizenship to immigrants and refugees
causing loss of their political, cultural and land rights. This will also motivate further
immigration from Bangladesh.
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5. PM Modi to release third instalment of Kisan Samman Nidhi
PM Modi is to release the fourth instalment of Pradhan Mantri Kisan Yojana in Tumakuru,
Karnataka. The Prime Minister will also confer “Krishi Karmanya” award to three
fishermen and 28 progressive farmers from various states.
1. Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Yojana

The scheme was first introduced in Telangana as “Rythu Bandhu” scheme. Under the
scheme, a certain amount is given to eligible farmers. Eventually, the scheme was
accoladed for its huge success all over the world including World Bank.
2. Installments
Since the launch of the scheme, three installments were released. The fourth installment
of the scheme is to be released by the Prime Minister. The scheme is being implemented
by the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare. In 2019 budget, annual expenditure
of Rs 75,000 crores was allocated to the scheme.
3. Objectives
The scheme was launched to improve the income of small and marginal farmers. It will
help farmers to fulfil their crop health and yields. It also helps farmers from falling under
the hands of moneylenders in meeting their basic expenses.
6. RPF renamed as Indian Railways Protection Force Service; Railway

prices hiked
The Railways Ministry has renamed Railway Protection Force (RPF) as Indian Railway
Protection Force Service. The ministry has also accorded Group A status to RPF.
1. Railway Protection Force

The RPF was formed under the Railway Protection Force Act, 1957. Under the act, the
RPF personnel have powers to search, arrest, investigate and prosecute. However, the
ultimate power lies in the hands of Government Railway Police. RPF works under the
control of Ministry of Railways.
2. History
The RPF was first formed in 1854 when the Railway construction was begun in India for
the first time. However, it received its legal identity for the first time under Police act,
1861. In 1872, the Railway Police Committee recommended organization of Railway
Police Force.
3. Government Railway Police (GRP)

These Police forces are different from that of the RPF. The GRP was established under
Railway’s Act, 1989. The duties of GPF is same as that of District Police such as
patrolling. But they hold their jurisdiction only on railway property. They observe law and
order within the railway stations in the country. Also, the GRP examine empty train
carriages, prevent overcrowding and control vehicle traffic inside the station premises.
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4. Price Hikes
The Indian Railways has increased the train fares to 1p per km from January, 1, 2020 in
non-suburban trains and non-air-conditioned trains. The fares have been hiked by 2p per
km. The price hike was published by Indian Railway Conference Association.
7. List of Nuclear Installations exchanged between India and Pakistan
On January 1, 2020, India and Pakistan exchanged their nuclear installations under an
agreement that prevents them from attacking each other’s atomic facilities. The practice
is being followed for 29 years for now.
1. Highlights
India and Pakistan exchanged the list of nuclear installations under the Agreement on
Prohibition of attack against nuclear installations. The exchange was done based on
diplomatic channels simultaneously in Islamabad and New Delhi. The first of the
exchange took place on January 1, 1992.
2. Agreement on Prohibition of attack against Nuclear Installations

The agreement was signed between Pakistan President Benazir Bhutto and Indian PM
Rajiv Gandhi. It was signed on December 31, 1988.
3. History
Between 1986 and 1987 Indian Army carried out massive exercise Brasstacks that
created fear of attacks on Pakistan nuclear facilities. The fear of Pakistan was the base
for the countries to sign the agreement.
4. Operation Brasstacks
The Operation Brasstacks was conducted by the Indian Army in Rajasthan. It was the
largest troop mobilizations of the Indian forces. The goal of the operation was to deploy
ground troops. It also aimed at conducting amphibious assault exercises near by
Pakistan Naval bases. It was the biggest exercise of its period since World War II. It was
bigger than that of NATO exercises.
8. India will overtake Germany; Become 4th largest economy in the

world in 2026
According to a report released by UK based Centre for Economics and Business Research
(CEBR), India will overtake Germany in 2026 to become the world’s fourth largest
economy. The report also said that by 2034, India will overtake Japan and become third
largest economy in the world
1. Highlights
Today, India is the fifth largest economy in the World after US (20.49 trillion USD), China
(13.41 trillion USD), Japan (4.97 trillion USD) and Germany (4 trillion USD). In 2019, India
had successfully overtaken France and Germany to reach rank 5.
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2. CEBR
The CEBR provides independent economic forecasting to 100s of public and private
organizations. It was founded in 1960s as Bureau of Business Research. The centre is
currently working on economic policy research, local forecasting, national, state level
data analysis. It releases publications on transportation, energy and public finance.
9. 10,000 cameras to be used in Gujarat Lion Census, 2020
The Wildlife Institute of India (WII) is to conduct Asiatic Lion Census in May 2020. The
Institute will use 10,000 cameras to conduct the census.
1. Highlights
In 2015, the WII counted 523 lions in Gujarat. It is expected that the numbers have risen
phenomenally and the population must have crossed 1,000. The census is to adopt the
technology of National Tiger Conservation Authority. The entire census area is to be
divided in to 3-km grid. Officers will collect hair, nails, teeth, etc. The collection process
is to be carried out using scientific methods laid out by NTCA. Around 1,000 to 2,000
officers are to be employed. In the second phase, 10,000 cameras are to be used to
capture the lions.
2. Asiatic Lions
The Asiatic Lions in Gujarat are restricted to Gir National Park in the state. The lions are
listed as “Endangered” in the IUCN Red List. Initially the lions were spread from the east
of Indus river to West Bengal and also to Narmada river in Central India. However, today
they are restricted to Gujarat alone. Asiatic lions belong to the category of Pantherine
cats.
3. Pantherine Cats
The lion is one among the 5 Pantherine Cats inhabiting in India. The other 4 pantherine
cats in India are Bengal Tiger, Snow Leopard, Indian Leopard and Clouded Leopard.
Under IUCN red list, Bengal Tiger has been listed as Endangered, and the three leopards
snow leopard, clouded leopard and Indian leopard have been listed as Vulnerable
10. UNICEF Report: More than 1,70,000 violations against Children
On December 31, 2019, the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) released its annual
report. The report stated that since 1989, the number of countries experiencing conflicts
has increased and the attacks on children has increased as well.
1. Highlights
According to the report, the number of attacks on children since 2010 has increased
three-fold. The agency has hence named the decade as “Deadly Decade”. The report
also stated that the number of countries experiencing violence has increased since
1989. The year 1989 has been specified as the Convention on Rights of Child was passed
in 1989.
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2. Convention on Rights of Child, 1989
According to the convention, any child below the age of 18 is called a child. Around 140
countries have signed the convention. India is also a signatory. The convention sets out
social, political, economic, civil and cultural rights of every child. The rights include right
to education, right to protection against physical abuse, right to rest and leisure.
January 2, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
11. PM Modi: 5 DRDO laboratories dedicated to nation
On January 2, 2020, PM Modi will dedicate five DRDO laboratories to the country. The
laboratories are for young scientists to boost their research capabilities.
1. Highlights
PM Modi will inaugurate the laboratories during his 2-day visit to Bengaluru. The labs will
act as a platform to identify young scientists up to the age of 35 years. DRDO will also
exhibit some of its innovative products to the PM during his visit. The event is to be
conducted at the Aeronautical Development Establishment, DRDO. During the event PM
will also release the fourth instalments of PM Kisan Samman Nidhi. The scheme was
launched at national level based upon the success of Rythu Bandhu scheme in
Telangana.
2. Significance
The laboratories involving young scientists will ensure that India remains forefront in
advancements in the domain.
3. DRDO
There are over 52 Defence Research Development Organization Laboratories in the
country. They are engaged in fields such as developing missiles, aeronautics,
armaments, land combating engineering, etc. The organization operates under Ministry
of Defence.
12. Election Commission launches PPRTMS-an online system
On January 1, 2020, the Election Commission of India launched an online system that will
allow political parties to track their applications. The system is called Political Parties
Registration Tracking Management System (PPRTMS).
1. Highlights
The system will track applications registered by political parties. The status of the
application shall be obtained through SMS or e-mail. The system works on a real time
basis.
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2. Section 29A of RP act, 1951
Under the section, a party has to submit an application to the election commission within
30 days of its formation. Under the act, a party is eligible to get registered as “National
Political Party of India” only if it satisfies following criteria
13. RBI launches MANI application for visually challenged
On January 01, 2020, the Reserve Bank of India launched the MANI application for
visually challenged persons to identify new currency notes that were launched after
demonetization. MANI is Mobile Aided Note Identifier.
1. Highlights
MANI application scans currency notes using camera and gives audio output in Hindi and
English. The Government of India launched several currency notes under “Mahatma
Gandhi series”. Under the new series, denominations of Rs 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500 and
2,000 were released before 2 years. There were challenges faced by visually challenged
in identifying these notes. Hence, the application has been launched to help visually
aided in easily identifying the notes. However, the application does not detect genuine
or counterfeit notes.
2. Mahatma Series Notes

The Mahatma Gandhi Notes were introduced in 1996. The currency was called so as the
notes prominently displays portrait of Gandhiji. These notes replaced the Lion Capital
Series. These notes have several security features.
3. Security Features
They contain a security thread that can be seen as a straight line against a line source.
Also, it contains the word “Bharat” written in Devanagari script. It reveals a hidden
image of Mahatma when held against light source at an angle of 45 degrees. It also
holds water mark and fluorescence. These notes were replaced by the Mahatma Gandhi
(new) series that were launched in 2016.
4. The Intaglio Print

The currency notes hold intaglio print to help the visually impaired read the
denominations. Intaglio is raised shape that are present in all notes other than Rs 10.
Vertical rectangle is present in Rs 20, square in Rs 50, triangle in Rs 100, circle in Rs
500. Rs 2000 notes has a raised print of horizontal rectangle.
14. Andhra Pradesh Government plans to deliver sand at door steps
The Andhra Pradesh Government announced that it will deliver sand at customers’ door
steps. As a pilot project, the government is to begin the initiative on experimental basis.
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1. Highlights
Under the new initiative, the government will collect transportation charges from the
customers and deliver sand at door steps. In order to make the initiative successful, the
Andhra Pradesh Mineral Development Corporation will stock 15 lakh tons of sand per
month for the next four months. At present, the demand for sand in the state is 80,000
tonnes a day. The step will help address issues of sand scarcity and sand mafia.
2. Legislation of sand mining

Section 23C of the MMDR act, 1957 provides rules to prevent illegal mining of sand.
According to the rules, the state governments are empowered to frame rules in order to
prevent illegal mining, storage and transportation of sand.
3. MMDR act, 1957

The Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) act, 1957 provides complete
legislation to mines and minerals. It includes minor minerals such as gravel, clay,
building stones and sand as well.
15. Lists of Civilian prisoners and fishermen exchanged between India

and Pakistan
On January 1, 2020, India and Pakistan exchanged list of prisoners and fishermen. The
countries exchange the information every year on 1st January and 1st July. They also
exchanged nuclear installations alongside on the same day.
1. Highlights
Pakistan shared the lists of 227 fishermen and 55 civilian prisoners who are Indians or
believed to be Indians. The lists were shared based on the provisions of 2008
agreement. Similarly, India shared lists of 99 Pakistani fishermen and 267 prisoners.
2. 2008 Agreement
In 2008, India and Pakistan signed an agreement to allow consular access to prisoners in
each countries. The Agreement was highlighted during the Kulbhushan Jadhav case in
the International Court of Justice. According to the agreement, the provision of consular
access should be provided to the person within three months of arrest. However, Mr
Jadhav was denied of such acess.
3. Kulbhushan Jadhav
Pakistan has arrested Kulbhushan Jadhav in Balochistan saying he was an Indian Naval
Officer. The Pak army court then sentenced him to death claiming him to be a spy of
Indian Government. However, India declined the accusations and filed a case against
death sentence at the International Court of Justice. According to India, Mr Jadhav retired
from Navy in 2001 and was working in Iran. The ICJ has put the death sentence on hold.
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16. Guru Gobind Singh Birth anniversary Celebrated
On January 2, 2019, India celebrated the birth anniversary of Guru Gobind Singh. He is
considered to be the 10th Guru of Sikhs. He was born on January 5, 1666.
1. Guru Gobind Singh

Guru Gobind Singh founded Sikh Warrior community called Khalsa in 1699. He
introduced five Ks in Sikhism. It is called the “Panj Kakar”, They are uncut hair (Kesh), an
iron bracelet (kara), a wooden comb (Kangha), 100% cotton undergarment (Kachera)
and iron dagger (Kirpan).
2. Sikh gurus
Guru Nanak founded Sikhism in 1469 and was the first Sikh Guru. He was succeeded by
nine gurus. Guru Gobind Singh was the last guru of Sikhism. In 1708, the guruship was
passed on to the holy sikh scripture Guru Granth Shib. According to Sikh, the holy text is
now the living Guru for the followers of Sikhism.
17. Sale of Darjeeling Tea affected by illegal influx of Nepal Tea
The prices of Darjeeling Tea that recently received GI tag has fell by 20% to 25% due to
unchecked flow of Nepal Tea into the country.
1. Highlights
Nepal Tea also known as Himalayan Tea is very similar to that of Darjeeling Tea in
aroma, flavor and taste. But Nepal Tea is 50% cheaper than that of Darjeeling Tea. This
is being misused by many traders. Nepal tea can be imported by anyone freely under
Free Trade Agreement between India and Nepal.
2. Issue
Most of the Nepal Tea is uncertified. On the other hand, 70% of 87 estates growing
Darjeeling Tea are certified organic. The annual export of Darjeeling Tea was Rs 600
crores. Experts believe that it would have touched Rs 700 crores if Nepal Tea hadn’t
played its role.
3. GI Tag
The Darjeeling Tea and White Tea received GI Tag recently in November 2019. The GI
tag is provided to fetch an identity for the product international market and increase its
exports. When such products develop fake, their exports get affected greatly.
18. GoI misses its disinvestment target
Government of India misses its disinvestment target as the plan to sell Bharat Petroleum
Corporation Limited (BPCL), Air India and Container Corporation of India has not been
succeeded.
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1. Highlights
The Government had planned to sell 53.3% of BPCL, 31% of Concorp as per latest
market prices. The Government had set the Disinvestment target of Rs 1.05 trillion for
the year 2019-20. However, it was only able to extract Rs 17,364 crores. This has
increased burden on the economy of the country as the fiscal deficit of the Government
has already touched 115% of the budget estimated for the year 2019-20 as far as
November 30. The deficit will increase further as there are another 4 months (Dec-Mar)
to go before the financial year ends. The data was released by the Controller General of
Accounts.
2. What is Windfall money?

Windfall money is the term used for unexpected money good fortune. The RBI
transferred the windfall to the GoI on recommendation of Jalan Committee.
3. Air India
Among all the disinvestment targets, Air India is the least performing and at huge losses.
In order to solve the problem, recently it was announced that Air India will stop issuing
tickets to government agencies that owe more than Rs 10 lakh due. This included
defence accounts, CBI, BSF, Enforcement Directors, customs commissioners, etc.
19. NITI Aayog: Link private medical colleges with district hospitals
On January 1, 2020, the Government Think Tank released its Draft “Model Concession
Agreement for Setting Up Medical Colleges under Public Private Partnership” guideline
document. Under the guideline the think tank has suggested Public Private Partnership
(PPP) model to link private medical colleges and district hospitals.
1. Highlights
The suggestion will address the issues of limited resources and finances in medical
education. The model is already operative in the states of Gujarat and Karnataka. This
will also help in increasing medical seats. Also, this will help to bridge the gap of
shortage of doctors in the country. According to WHO, there is only one government
doctor for every 10,189 people in the country. Also, there is shortage of 2 million nurses
in India. Therefore, the move is very much required.
2. Concessionaire
The think tank has suggested appointment of concessionaire to design, operate, build
and maintain the medical colleges. The concessionaire shall also be allowed to charge of
Rs 10 as registration fees. The concessionaire shall absorb minimum of 150 students
annually.
3. Significance
The PPP model ensures high quality and timely provision of services. They also help in
hastening Government projects. Overall, PPP models provide better public services.
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20. Indian Science Congress to begin at Bengaluru
On January 3, 2020, PM Modi will inaugurate Indian Science Congress at Bengaluru. The
theme of the Congress is
1. Highlights
The 107th Indian Science Congress is to be held between January 3, 2020 and January 7,
2020. The event will act as a common platform for researchers, scientists and
academicians. Around 28 plenary sessions are to be held during the event. It includes
leading technologies such as Climate Smart Agriculture for food security, challenges in
cancer drugs, nano materials for energy, solutions for oil and gas, environment and
health care.
2. Farmers Science Congress

The congress will cover themes of innovation on integrated agriculture. It will also focus
on themes of doubling farmers income, farmer empowerment, conservation, bio
diversity, etc. The experts from ICAR (Indian council of Agricultural Research) and UAS
(University of Agricultural Sciences) will also participate at the event along with the
farmers whose innovative methodologies have brought in huge harvests.
3. Children Science Congress

The Children Science Congress also called the “Rashtriya Kishre Vaiguanik Sammelana”
will also be held alongside 107th Indian Science Congress. The aim of the congress is to
motivate students and increase their participation in scientific and technological fields.
January 3, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
21. 2020 Designated as “Year of Nurse and Midwife”
In the honor of 200th birth anniversary of Florence Nightingale, the World Health
Organization designated the year 2020 as the “Year of Nurse and Midwife”.
1. Highlights
This year, WHO is to focus on nursing and midwifery in order to achieve Universal Health
Coverage. The organization is leading the development of “World Nursing Report” that is
to be launched in 2020. The report is first of its kind. The year is being dedicated to the
midwifery as well as WHO is also a partner of The State of the World’s Midwifery
Campaign.
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2. Florence Nightingale
Florence Nightingale was an English Social reformer born in 1820. She organized camps
for wounded soldiers and also served as a manager of nurses during the Crimean War.
She was called “The Lady with the Lamp” for making rounds on wounded soldiers. Also,
the International Nurse Day is being celebrated in her honor. Every year, the day is
celebrated on May 12. The day is celebrated by the International Council of Nurses.
22. India to set strict restrictions on non-essential imports from China
Ministry of Commerce and industry has announced that 371 items from China will get
strict restriction from March 2020. The move aims at curbing imports of non-essential
items such as plastic goods, toys, furniture, sports.
1. Highlights
The rules are to be framed by the Ministry in coordination with BIS (Bureau of Indian
Standards). Though the rules focus on Chinese imports, it will also be applicable to
Indian producers in order to make the regulations WTO-compliant.
2. Significance
The imports from China that are categorized as non-essential amount to 4 trillion USD.
Also, trade deficit with China is widening and it currently stands at 53.6 billion USD. The
step will help in reducing India’s dependence on China and will also help in curbing low
quality imports from China. This is the main reason why India refused to join RCEP.
23. Palau first country to ban sunscreen to protect Coral Reefs
The Pacific Island, Palau has become the first country to ban sun cream that is harmful
to corals. The country has banned common ingredients used in cosmetics including
oxybenzone.
1. Highlights
The order of the ban was passed in 2018. However, it comes into effect from January 1,
2020. The Rock Islands in the Palau is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The country has
banned 10 ingredients that harm coral reefs. It includes oxybenzone, ethyl paraben,
Octinoxate, Butyl paraben, Octocrylene, methyl benzylidene camphor, triclosan, benzyl
paraben, methyl paraben, phenoxyethanol
2. How are sun creams harmful to corals?

The sun creams absorb UV radiations and make corals susceptible to bleaching. It is
estimated that around 6 to 14,000 tons of sunscreen are washed into reefs annually.
3. Why Palau?
Palau is made of large volcanic islands and small coral reefs. The country has taken
several climatic steps despite of its size. Palau was the second nation to ratify Paris
climate agreement after Fiji.
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24. World Book Fair, 2020 at New Delhi
The New Delhi World Book Fair organized by the National Book Trust is being held for 42
years now. The trust is an apex body of Government of India functioning under Ministry
of Human Resource Development.
1. Highlights
The World Book Fair is to be held between January 4, 2020 and January 12, 2020. The
fair is organized jointly by National Book Trust and India Trade Promotion Organization.
More than 800 exhibitors and 40 foreign exhibitors are to participate in the fair. The fair
also acts as a gateway to the intellectual world of South Asia. The theme of the fair is
2. Significance
The fair promotes readership policies and also supports the markets in neighboring
countries. The fair is important for the Indian market as India is the third largest market
for English publications with more than 12,000 publishers. The fair also attracts investors
from other countries like USA, Japan, Bangladesh, France, Italy, Malaysia, Nepal, Saudi
Arabia, Pakistan, Singapore, Germany and Sri Lanka.
3. National Book Trust

The Indian Publishing House founded in 1957 functions under Ministry of Human
Resource Development. It publishes reading material in several Indian languages that
includes children books and new-literates. The Headquarters of the trust is located in
New Delhi.
25. Khelo India Youth Games to be held in Guwahati
The Khelo India Youth Game is to be held between February 10, 2020 and February 22,
2020 in Guwahati, Assam. The Games are conducted annually.
1. Highlights
Every year national level multidisciplinary grass root level games are conducted under
Khelo India Youth Games event. The games include two categories namely under-17-
year school students and under-21-year college student. Under the event, annual
scholarship of Rs 5,00,000 is given for 1000 kids to prepare them for international
sporting events.
2. Training of Trainers Programme (TOT)

Under the programme, around 160 trainers are trained. The programme is carried out
semi-annually. It includes principals, teachers and physical education trainers. The
programme is also a part of Khelo India project.
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26. PM Modi pays tribute to Savitribai Phule on her birthday
On January 3, 2020, PM Narendra Modi paid his tribute to the Indian Social Reformer
Savitribai Phule. She was born on January 3, 1831.
1. Savitribai Phule
Savitribai is considered as the first female teacher of India. She played vital role in
improving women rights in the country. She is also regarded as “Mother of Indian
Feminism”. She along with her husband Jyotirao Phule founded the first India’s girls’
school in Pune in 1848.
2. Establishments
Savitribai Phule set up “Balhatya Pratibandhak Griha”. That works to prevent female
infanticides, killing of pregnant rape victims and widows. She along with her husband
also founded Satyashodhak Samaj that supported inter-caste marriages.
3. Legacies
A memorial was created for Phule by the Pune City Corporation in 1983. In 2015, The
Union Government renamed University of Pune as Savitribai Phule Pune University. In
1998, a stamp was released in honor of Phule.
27. Farmer Suicide: Steep rise in Maharashtra; highest in 4 years
In November 2019, the number of farmer suicides increased to 300 cases in

Maharashtra. The steep increase in farmer suicides though has crossed 300 several
times, this is the highest since 2015.
1. Highlights
The farmer suicides in the state have increased by 61% in 2019 as compared to 2018.
This was primarily due to unseasonal rains that lashed the state in October and
November. The rains destroyed almost 70% of Kharif crops. The draught prone belt of
Marathwada and Vidarbha recorded the largest number of farmer suicides.
2. The NCRB issue

The National Crime Record Bureau (NCRB) released its report on crime and suicides in
the country in October 2019 for the year 2017. However, the NCRB held back data on
farmers suicide and released it after a month. After holding back, the Bureau released
the report on farmer suicides for the year 2016 claiming farmer suicides in the country
has declined. The record for the year 2017 farmer suicides is yet to be released. Also,
the record for crimes for the year 2018 has not yet been released.
3. Farmer Suicide report

The highest farm suicides were reported in Maharashtra, followed by Karnataka, Madhya
Pradesh, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh in the year 2017. The total number of farm
sector suicides for the year 2016 was 11,379. Out of these, number of farmers were
6,270. In 2015, the farm sector suicides were 12,602 and number of farmers were 8,007.
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28. Ministry of External Affairs creates “NEST” to increase investment
coordination
The Ministry of External Affairs is to set up a new division called NEST-New and Emerging
Strategic Technologies. The division will work to increase investment coordination
among the states of the country and also with the foreign countries.
1. Highlights
The NEST will act as a nodal point to exchange views with foreign governments. This will
help in confronting emerging challenges and scenarios in new technologies. With India
coping with issues of security implications in 5G and artificial intelligence, NEST division
will help India spread emerging technologies among the states. It will also aid in
coordination among domestic ministries and departments.
2. The Emerging Technologies

The top Emerging Technologies in India are Artificial Intelligence and Internet of things.
The emerging 5G technology will improve the performance of IoT platforms.
29. First Silk Processing plant in Gujarat to boost “PATOLA SAREE”

production
On January 3, 2020, the Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) inaugurated the
first “Patola Saree” production unit in Gujarat. This will help to cut down the cost of silk
yarn production and also will increase the sale of raw material for Patola sarees.
1. Highlights
The silk production plant has employed 90 local women of which 70 belong to Muslim
community. The installation cost of the plant was Rs 75 lakh and the KVIC operating
under Ministry of MSME has contributed Rs 60 lakhs. The plant has been built in a
backward district of Gujarat (Surendranagar district). The aim of the plant is to make silk
readily available to Patola saree manufacturers to boost its production.
2. Patola Saree
Patola is the trademark saree of Gujarat. They are highly expensive and were once worn
only by royal aristocratic families. With the new plant, the cost is expected to come
down.
3. History
The Patola silk was founded by the Salvi caste (Scheduled) in the states of Maharashtra
and Karnataka. They moved to Gujarat in 12th century in order to acquire patronage of
Rajputs.
30. 2636 EV Charging Stations sanctioned under Phase II FAME India
The Department of Heavy Industries operating under Ministry of Heavy Industries and
Public Enterprises has sanctioned 2636 Electric Vehicle (EV) charging stations under
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FAME India scheme Phase II. The stations are to be set in 62 cities in 24 states and Union
Territories.
1. Highlights
The aim of the move is to make sure at least one Electric Vehicle charging station is
available in a grid of 4 km × 4km area in the selected cities. Out of the 2636 charging
stations to be constructed, 1633 will be fast charging stations and 1003 are to be slow
charging stations.
2. FAME India
FAME India is Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of (Hybrid) and Electric Vehicles. The
objective of the scheme is to increase the use of electric and hybrid vehicles by offering
incentives. The phase I of the scheme was launched on April 1, 2015 with an allocated
budget of Rs 895 crores. The phase II was launched on April 1, 2019 with an allocated
budget of Rs 10,000 crores.
3. Charging Technologies
India has planned to use three charging technologies. It includes CHAdeMO, Indian
Bharat Standard and Combined Charging System (CCS). CHAdeMO is a quick charging
method that delivers up to 62.5 KW by 500 volt and 125 ampere DC (Direct Current).
The CCS involves both DC and AC charging.
January 4, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
31. 171 Hospitals de-empanelled under Ayushman Bharat Scheme
On January 3, 2020, around 171 hospitals were de-empanelled by Ministry of Health and
Family Welfare for committing fraud. The Ministry had also imposed a fine of Rs 4.5
crores. The FIRs were lodged on 6 hospitals in Uttarakhand and Jharkhand states.
1. Highlights
The Anti-Fraud units detected fake e-cards and lodged FIRs in the corresponding states.
It is the responsibility of the sate health agency to create an e-card and add additional
family member under the scheme if any. The Anti-Fraud Unit detected that the private
hospitals were fraudulently performing these government reserved procedures.
2. Anti-Fraud Units
The Anti-Fraud Units operate under the guidelines provided by National Health Agency
operating under Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.
3. National Health Agency

The National Health Agencies were set up in order to implement India’s flagship scheme
“Ayushman Bharat”. The National Health Authority is the successor of National Health
Agency.
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4. Ayushman Bharat
The scheme aims at covering 10 crore poor families providing health coverage of 5 lakh
rupees per family. The scheme is recently being criticized widely for the increased
fraudulent activities by private hospitals. At least 697 fake cases have been registered in
Uttarakhand alone. However, the scheme unlike its previous scheme Rashtriya Swasthya
Bhima Yojana uses robust IT infrastructure to locate suspicious surges.
32. US army kills Iranian Commander Soleimani: India’s Concerns
On January 3, 2020, the US army killed Iran’s most powerful military commander General
Qasem Soleimani. He was killed at Baghdad airport.
1. Highlights
In a drone strike held by the US force at Baghdad airport, the Iranian Commander was
killed along with other Iran supported militia heads. Under his leadership Iran had
expanded its military presence in Syria and Iraq.
2. India’s Concerns
The region where the air strike was held is an extended neighborhood that houses 7
million Indians. These Overseas Citizens residing in Iran send valuable foreign
remittance. India is also worried about the impact of the tensions on international fuel
prices that soared by 4% on the very same day.
33. India’s Foreign Exchange touches all time high of 457.468 billion
USD
RBI announced that Foreign Exchange Reserves of India has swelled by 2.52 billion USD
in the week that ended on December 27, 2019. The Central Bank also said that the
country’s special drawing rights with the IMF (International Monetary Fund) dipped by 2
million USD and the reserve position increased by 58 million USD. Currently, India SDR
with the IMF is 1.4441 billion USD and the reserve is 3.7 billion USD.
1. Special Drawing Rights

The special drawing rights (SDR) is a kind of foreign exchange reserve held by countries
in terms of leading currencies with the International Monetary Fund. It was created in
1969. The SDR is regarded as the basket that comprises of four major currencies of the
world. It currently includes USD, British pound, Euro and Yen (Japan). The composition of
the basket is reviewed once in five years. During the review, the weightage of the
currency also gets altered.
2. Reserve Position
The Reserve Position or Reserve Tranche Position is the difference between IMF holdings
of a country and the designated IMF quota of the country. The financing of the IMF is
governed through the quota allocated to a country. This quota is payable in special
drawing rights of the country and also in member’s own currency.
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3. How do reserves affect Currency?
Reserves act as shock absorbents of negative effects of exchange rate of a currency.
The central bank of a country (like RBI) use these reserves to maintain a stable
exchange rate. The bank buys or sells the reserves depending on the direction the
exchange prices are intended to move.
34. January 4: World Braille Day
Every Year January 4 is celebrated as World Braille Day in order to mark the birth
anniversary of Louis Braille. Louis is the inventor of Braille, a written language for blind
people.
1. Highlights
The World Braille Day is celebrated by the United Nations and also by other world
organizations. In November 2018, the UN passed a resolution in order to celebrate the
day. The day was first celebrated on January 4, 2019.
2. Louis Braille
Louis Braille was born in Coupvray, France. He lost both his eyes at the age of 3. This
was the prime reason behind Braille inventing the 6-dot language called Braille.
3. Challenges in the use of Braille

Many schools do not offer literacy in Braille. There are many countries in the world that
have not included Braille in their educational curriculum. According to the WHO, there
are around 2.2 billion people in the world with vision impairment.
4. Global steps
The 2006 Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities considers Braille essential
for education. Also, the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals that were adopted in 2015
pledges that no one will be left behind.
35. “Cyber Safe Initiative” launched by Maharashtra Government
On January 3, 2020, Cyber Safe Initiative was launched by Maharashtra Government. The
initiative was launched commemorating the birth anniversary of Indian Social Reformer
Savitribai Phule. Savitribai Phule was the first female teacher of India.
1. Highlights
The aim of the initiative is to spread awareness against atrocities committed against
children and women. It will also create awareness about laws on cybercrime. The
campaign is to be implemented all over the state by the State Government in
collaboration with state police, public relations department and cyber cell.
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2. Central measures against cybercrimes
At central level, the Ministry of Home Affairs runs a twitter handle called “Cyber Dost”
that creates pertinent posts on prevention and protection against cybercrimes. The
Home Affairs Ministry had also launched the Cyber Crime Prevention against women and
children Scheme in January 2019. The scheme had a total outlay of Rs 223.198 crores.
The main features of the scheme include online cybercrime reporting platform, research
and development, cybercrime awareness activities.
3. Significance
According to Crime Report-2017, released by NCRB (National Crime Record Bureau) in
2019, the number of cyber crimes in the country have been increasing constantly. In
2014, the number of cyber crimes were 9,622, in 2015, it increased to 11,592 and in
2016 the number of cybercrimes were 12,317.
36. Lai Haraoba Festival begins in Tripura
On January 2, 2020, the Lai Haraoba festival began in Tripura. The festival will be
celebrated for 5 days. The festival is celebrated by the Meitei community. The
community is spread across Assam, Tripura, Manipur, Meghalaya, Myanmar and
Bangladesh. However, the festival is widely celebrated in the state of Manipur.
1. Lai Haraoba Festival

Lai Haraoba festival is celebrated by Meitei people to please sacred trees called “Umang
Lai”. They speak the language called “Meiteilon”. The Lai Haraoba Festival in the state
of Manipur is celebrated in the month of May.
2. Umang Lai
Umang Lai are the sacred trees that are preserved for the local forest deities. The trees
have significant place in Sanamahism. The followers of the religion mainly worship
elements of nature such as mountains, water and fire. According to 2011 census, around
8% of Manipur population are following Sanamahism.
3. Eighth Schedule of Constitution

There are 22 languages in the Eighth Schedule of Constitution. Article 346 says that
Hindi in Devanagari script is the official language. However, English is also allowed to be
used as official language.
37. Vertical Farming: A silent Revolution in Agriculture
The current world population is 7.7 billion (April 2019). According to the United Nations,
the global population is to reach 10 billion by 2050 and therefore the food production
should increase by 70%.
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1. What is Vertical Farming?
Vertical Farming is the process of growing agricultural crops in vertical stacks in door, in
a controlled environment. It uses the same amount of water as that of regular farming.
However, the other raw materials consumed by vertical farming is less. According to FAO
(Food and Agriculture Organization) of the United Nations, vertical farming consumes
75% less raw material as compared to traditional farming.
2. Benefits
Under Vertical Farming, the plants are grown indoors with or without soil. This protects
the crops from incessant rains, unruly winds and dry climate. It is well suited for urban
areas. The crop yield in vertical farming is more than traditional farming as it adopts two
major farming techniques namely hydroponics and aeroponics.
3. Hydroponics and Aeroponics

In Hydroponics technique, roots are submerged in water that is infused with nutrients.
Aeroponics is a farming method where plants are grown in closed or semi-closed
environment with nutrients sprayed in the air.
4. Carbon print
The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)’s Emission Gap Report of 2019 says
that Agriculture and Transportation are among the five world’s biggest emitters of
greenhouse gases. On the other hand, the carbon print of Vertical Farming is very less.
With adaptation of nano cost climate control, low-carbon electricity, high-efficiency
lighting, vertical farming achieves low carbon foot print easily.
5. India’s status
In India Vertical Farming has been introduced in 2019. ICAR is working on techniques
and adaptations to introduce in the market. However, it has still not found its application
at wider level.
38. FSI: 21.4% of forest cover prone to forest fires
The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change recently released India State of
Forest Report, 2019. The report predominantly talks about forest cover in the country.
The report also mentions about forest fires in the country.
1. Highlights of forest fire

According to the report, 21.4% of Indian forests are prone to forest fires. The report has
given the figures after a thorough study of fire points identified between 2004 and 2017.
The study says that forests in central India and north-eastern India are most vulnerable
to forest fires.
2. Forest Survey of India

The Forest Survey of India begun in 1981. It is the successor of Pre investment Survey of
Forest Resources (PISFR). The PISFR was supported by FAO (Food and Agriculture
Organization). The report is published twice a year.
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January 5, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
39. NHRC issues notice to Rajasthan Government
On January 4, 2020 National Human Rights Commission has sent notice to the Rajasthan
Government over the death of more than 100 children in the state-run hospital in Kota,
Rajasthan in the month of December alone. The commission seeks a detailed report on
the reasons behind the death. Union Health Ministry has sent an expert panel to conduct
gap analysis of clinical protocols, human resources and equipment and paediatric
services.
1. National Human Rights Commission

The NHRC is a public body constituted in 1993 under the Protection of Human Rights act.
The commission has powers to inquire violations of human rights by government of India
and by any public servant. It shall also review acts of terrorism inhibiting acts of
terrorism. NHRC also studies treaties on human rights globally and suggests
recommendations of their implementation.
2. Composition of NHRC
NHRC consists of a chairman who has been a judge of supreme court or Chief Justice of
India. The other members include ex-judge of supreme court, ex-chief justice of high
court, chair persons of national commissions of SC, ST, BC, minorities.
40. I-Stem portal; DRDO Science Expo launched at the Indian Science
congress
On January 3, 2020, PM Modi inaugurated the 107th Indian Science Congress in

Bengaluru. He launched the I-Stem portal at the inaugural function. Also, the Defence
Research Development Organization (DRDO) has installed more than 150 exhibits at the
congress
1. I-STEM Portal
I-STEM is Indian Science, Technology Engineering Facilities Map. The portal will act as a
gateway for the researchers and users to locate facilities that are required for their
research and development work. Also, after locating the facility, the researcher can
make an online reservation in order to use the facility. With this, the start-ups can
leverage public and private investments and come up with successful services and
products.
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2. DRDO Science Exhibit
Around 31 DRDO laboratories have show cased more than 150 exhibits at the expo. The
outdoor exhibit of DRDO technologies that were manufactured under “Make in India”
include ASLESHA, ASTRA missile, Quick Reaction Surface to Air Missile (QRSAM), Long
Range Surface-to-Air Missile (LRSAM), Bharani, autonomous surveillance robots, etc. The
indoor exhibits of DRDO includes Prithvi missiles, NAG missiles, Akash, Helina, Nirbhay,
Bukhari, etc.
41. Project NETRA: ISRO Signs pact to set up optical Telescope
The Indian Space Research Organization signed a pact with Indian Institute of
Astrophysics to establish an optical telescope under “Project NETRA”. The organisation
also tied up with NIT-Karnataka to set up a regional academic centre for space to
promote research and development.
1. Project NETRA
Project NETRA was launched by ISRO in September 2019. Under the Project, ISRO plans
to set up observational facilities that will help in making early warnings to satellites
about debris and hazards in their orbit. It includes radars, telescopes, control centres
and data processing units. The aim is to make the facilities powerful enough to track
even the smallest particle of 10 cm diameter up to a range of 3,400 km.
2. Significance
The project will help India detect threats to Indian satellites from debris. Currently, India
operates 15 communication satellites, 13 remote sensing satellites and eight navigation
satellites.
3. Need
Space debris is the biggest problem of the satellites sector. There are more than 7,500
tonnes of space debris that are circling the earth at present. These junks include screws
of old rocket bodies to defunct space crafts that pose collision hazard to satellites.
4. NETRA of DRDO
Apart from ISRO, DRDO (Defence Research Development Organisation) operates NETRA
(Network Traffic Analysis). It is a software network used to analyse internet traffic. It is
used by Research and Analysis Wing (RAW), Intelligence Bureau (IB) and other
intelligence agencies of Government of India.
42. Turtle Rehab Centre in Bihar-First of its kind
In January 2020, a turtle rehabilitation Centre is to be set up in Bihar’s Bhagalpur forest.

The centre will shelter more than 500 turtles and is to be spread over half a hectare.
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1. Highlights
The rehab centre will act as home to sick and severely injured turtles that are being
rescued from smugglers. Prior to the rehab, the forest officials were not able to monitor
the rescued turtles before releasing them into rivers. The rehab centre will help in
solving this problem.
2. Why Bhagalpur?
The flow of water in River Ganga in Bhagalpur is ample. There are number of sandbanks
in the region that act as ideal breeding ground for the turtles. Also, the turtles in the
region weigh up to 15 kilograms and are smuggled in large extent.
3. Need
According to a study of Traffic India, every year around 11,000 turtles are smuggled
from India. They are targeted for their meat as turtle meat gives energy boost and keeps
diseases away. The hard-shell turtles are poached for pet trade. They are in high
demand in China, Japan and South East Asia.
43. Odisha’s Bhitarkanika National Park Census: Increase in Salt Water

Crocodiles
According to the recent census at the Bhitarkanika National Park, the population of salt
water (or estuarine) crocodiles have increased to 1,757 as compared to 1,742 in 2018.
1. Highlights
The peak winter is the ideal time to carry out the census as it exposes more than 50% of
mud banks. Around 22 teams were formed to count the crocodiles in the creeks and
rivers in the park and its surrounding area. The teams sited 620 hatchlings, 288
juveniles, 325 yearlings, 185 sub adults and 339 adults. The crocodile count in the park
has been increasing gradually. According to the census, in 2000, there were 1,192
crocodiles in the park.
2. Bhitarkanika National Park

The Park obtained the status of Ramsar site in 2002. It was the second area to get the
status after Chilika lake. The Park is the second largest mangrove ecosystem in India.
44. National Pension Scheme for traders: Not successful as expected
The National Pension Scheme for traders, Shopkeepers and Self-Employed persons, also
called the Pradhan Mantri Laghu Vyapari Maan-dhan Yojana was launched in July 2019. It
aimed at benefitting 3 crore small traders and shopkeepers
1. Highlights
The Government set a target of 50 lakh enrolment by the end of March 2020. However,
only 25,000 persons have applied so far.
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2. About the scheme
The scheme is being implemented by Ministry of Labour and Employment. In order to
enrol in the scheme, GSTIN is required only for those whose turnover is above Rs 40
lakhs. Also, the participant of the scheme should not be an income tax payer.
3. Concerns
Under the scheme the subscribers will receive monthly pension of Rs 3000 after the age
of 60. The persons in the age of 18-40 years are eligible to apply to the scheme.
45. APEDA: Eight States finalise Agricultural Action Plan to boost Exports
On January 5, 2020, the Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development
Authority (APEDA) announced that eight states namely Maharashtra, Kerala, Uttar
Pradesh, Nagaland, Assam, Tamil Nadu, Punjab and Karnataka finalised their action plan
to boost agricultural exports.
1. Highlights
The Agricultural Export Policy was introduced in December 2018. The policy aimed at
doubling agricultural exports from 30 billion USD to 60 billion USD by 2022. The APEDA
nodal officers visited the product clusters at various cities in order to check if the policy
implementation and their plan is effective. The product clusters selected were at
Jalandhar (Potato), Sangli (Grapes), Salem (Poultry products), Theni (Banana). Chittoor
(Mango) and several other places.
2. Need
In 2016, India’s share in global agricultural exports was merely 2.2%. Also, the policy
aims at addressing issues like poor infrastructure, low farm productivity and global price
volatility which are the need of the moment.
January 6, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
46. GoI to confer first “Antarrashtriya Yoga Diwas Media Samman”
On January 7, 2020, the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting will confer

“Antarrashtriya Yoga Diwas Media Samman” to 30 media houses. The award is being
presented for the first time. The aim of the award is to acknowledge positive role of
media in disseminating outreach of Yoga.
1. Highlights
The awards are to be provided in the categories of Best Media Coverage of Yoga in
Television (8 awards), Best Media Coverage of yoga in Radio (11 awards), Best Media
Coverage of Yoga in Newspapers (11 awards).
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2. Why June 21?
June 21 is the day of Summer Solstice. During summer solstice, north pole gets tilted
towards the sun. In other words, sun begins to move from north to south. According to
Yoga, this time is the best time for meditation. This is mainly because, the exposure of
sun rays on the earth is the longest and hence positive energy is at the highest
according to Yoga. June 21 is also the longest day of the year.
47. MECOS-3, 2020: Global Marine Ecosystem Meet in Kochi
The Marine Ecosystems-Challenges and Opportunities (MECOS), the third international

symposium is to be held in Kochi. The symposium is conducted by the Marine Biological
association of India between January 7, 2020 and January 10, 2020.
1. Highlights
Scientists, Fisheries researchers, Marine biotechnologists and oceanographers from all
over the world are to participate in the meet. The symposium will act as a common
platform for the experts to discuss on climate crisis, unusual warming of Arabian Sea,
ocean acidification, etc. It will discuss development of small-scale fisheries, green fishing
technologies and eco-labelling. The symposium will review concerns of marine
ecosystem and will formulate new strategies for sustainable utilisation of marine wealth.
2. SDG-14
The symposium is to focus on the Sustainable Development Goal of the United Nations,
SDG-14. SDG-14 says, “Conserve and Sustainably use the oceans and its resources for
sustainable development”
3. Significance
Ocean acidification that is caused due to uptake of carbon-dioxide has changed the
chemical composition of the seawaters. According to the United Nations, over the past
30 years, acidity has increased by 26% since pre-industrial times. The marine fish stocks
that are at biologically sustainable levels have declined from 90% (1974) to 99.9%
(2015).
48. India Russia to sign MoUs on AK-203 assault rifles
The Indian Army will sign MoU with Russia to procure AK-203 assault rifles. According to
the deal, around 1 lakh rifles are to be received directly from Russia and the rest will be
manufactured in India
1. Highlights
The rifles will be manufactured at Korwa in Uttar Pradesh by a joint Venture (JV) called
Indo-Russian Rifles Private Limited (IRRPL). Of the JV, 50.5% is to be owned by India and
49.5% by Russia.
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2. Current Status
Apart from the AK-203 rifles, the Indian army recently received the first batch of 10,000
SIG-716 assault rifles from US. The contract was signed in February 2019. The plan is to
provide the high cost SIGs to the front-line troops and the remaining forces will be armed
with AK-203 rifles. Currently Indian army is using indigenous INSAS (Indian National
Small Arms System) rifles and is looking for ways to replace them.
49. India’s UJALA Programme completes 5 successful years
On January 5, 2020, Unnat Jyoti by Affordable LEDs for All (UJALA) and LED Street
Lighting National Programme (SLNP) marked their fifth anniversary. The schemes were
implemented by Energy Efficiency Services Limited (EESL). EESL is a joint venture of PSU
operating under Ministry of Power.
1. Highlights
Under the SLNP initiative, in five years around 1.03 crore smart LED street lights were
installed. This helped in reducing Green House Gas emission by 4.8 million tonnes
annually. Also, the initiative has created 13,000 jobs.
2. Awards
The initiatives have been highly successful and hence gained world wide recognition.
The programmes received South Asia Procurement Innovation Award (SAPLA) in 2017
and CIO 100 award in 2019.
3. Prices
The scheme has brought down the prices of LED bulbs to one-tenth of rates as in 2015.
Also, they have helped in reducing customer bills by 15%.
4. Future Plans
The SLNP programme aims to replace 1.34 crore street lights with smart LEDs by March
2020. This will help in reducing peak demands by 1.5 GW. Also, this will reduce Green
House Gas Emissions by 6.2 million tonnes. The implementing agency of the schemes
has planned to invest another 8,000 crores of rupees by 2024 to install mote than 30
million LED street lights.
50. Iran withdraws from the JCPOA deal completely
On January 5, 2020, Iran had completely withdrawn from JCPOA (Joint Comprehensive
Plan of Action) nuclear deal. The announcement came after the US troops killed General
Qassem Soleimani.
1. Highlights
In 2018, the United States walked away from the nuclear deal. However, the other
participants such as Russia, China, European Union, France, Germany and UK tried to
keep the agreement alive. According to the deal, Iran curbed its nuclear programme in
exchange to relief from sanctions.
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2. Why did US pull out of the deal?
According to the Unites States, the JCPOA gives Iran access to billions of dollars.
However, its does not stop Iran from supporting the groups that US and its allies
consider terrorists. It mainly includes Hamas and Hezbollah.
3. Hamas
Hamas is a Sunni-Islamic militant organisation. It was founded in 1987 and since then
has fought several wars against US, Israel and European Union. Some of the countries
that were constantly supporting Hamas were China, Russia and Turkey.
4. Hezbollah
The organisation was founded in 1980s and its members follow Shia Islamism. Hezbollah
currently is a proxy of Iran in the ongoing Iran-Israel conflict.
51. AI powered National Stock Exchange Knowledge Hub inaugurated in

New Delhi
On January 6, 2020, the National Stock Exchange (NSE) knowledge Hub was
inaugurated. The hub will assist insurance, banking and financial services. The hub has
adopted the latest technology of Artificial Intelligence.
1. Highlights
The technologies such as Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning are two major keys
for India to become 1 trillion-dollar economy by 2035. The hub is one such step of the
technologies to boost the economy of the country. The learning modules in the hub will
help in understanding the stock exchange and its functioning better. It will help in
creating an adequate work force.
2. Significance
The AI technology hub will also ensure affordable skill upgradation. The hub will make
learning materials easily accessible. With the help of the hub, the NSE shall now enhance
its skills. With India being the second largest fintech hub in the world, the hub will help
NSE further aid India’s progress.
3. India’s position in AI
According to RESEARCH AGENCY Itihaasa, India ranks third in Artificial Intelligence. The
rankings were provided by the agency based on the research publications in the field.
China stands first with 37,918 researches on AI followed by US with 32,421 researches.
India holds 12,135 research documents on AI.
52. BEE sets new standards for ACs: Default temperature set to 24
Degree Celsius
The Government of India has released new performance energy standards for the
performance of air conditioners after consulting Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE). The
BEE operating under Ministry of Power develop strategies and policies with primary
35
objective of reduction in energy usage. According to BEE, the total air conditioner
capacity of India is 80 million tonnes of refrigeration. It is estimated that this will
increase to 250 million by 2030.
1. Highlights of the new standards

The ISEER (Indian Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio) according to the new standard
should be in the range of 2.7 to 3.5 for window ACs and 3.3 to 5 for split air conditioners.
ISEER is the ratio between total amount of heat an AC can remove when operated in
active mode to the amount of energy required during the same period.
2. Voluntary Star Labelling

In 2006, the BEE launched the voluntary star labelling programme. However, the
labelling was applicable only to fixed speed Room Air Conditioners. The star labelling
programme launched helped in saving 4.6 billion units in the year 2017-18 alone
3. Current Scenario in India

According to Power Ministry, every one degree increase in air-conditioner temperature
results in saving 6% of electricity consumed. Countries like Japan has regulation to keep
temperature set default at 28 degree Celsius. The concept of default setting was
introduced in 2018. Since then several campaigns and surveys were conducted to
spread awareness and get feedback about the default setting.
53. ICMR releases report on Sugar Intake of India, Report first of its kind
On January 5, 2020, the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) released its report on
sugar intake of India. The intake was measured in grams per day. The report was
released based on a joint survey conducted by ICMR, NIN (National Institute of Nutrition),
Hyderabad and ILSI (International Life Science Institute of India). The study is the first of
its kind in the country.
1. Highlights
The study says that intake of added sugar in metro cities was 19.5 grams per day. This is
lower than the level recommended by ICMR which is 30 gram per day. Though the levels
of all the cities were within the threshold, they were so close to the upper limit in certain
cities.
2. Categories
The report also stated that the overall intake of sugar by women was more than that of
men. Intake of sugar by women was 20.2 g/day and that of men was 18.7 g/day.
54. Global Drosophila Conference held at Pune
On January 6, 2020, the fifth Asia Pacific Drosophila Research Conference was held at
Pune. It was organized by the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research. The
conference is held twice a year.
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1. Highlights
The conference is to be held between January 6, 2020 and January 10, 2020. It aims at
promoting interaction between the Drosophila researchers in the region of Asia-Pacific.
The conference acts as a common platform to link the Asia-Pacific researchers with other
parts of the world. The event is the largest meet of Drosophila researchers in the whole
world.
2. The Research
Drosophila is the small fruit fly. Scientists and Researchers for the past 100 years have
been using the fly as a model organism in researches.
3. Drosophila
The small fruit flies are extensively used as model organisms in biochemistry, cell
biology, genetics and developmental biology. The main reason for the fly being used as
model in genome researches is that the relationship between fruit fly and humans are
undeniably similar. Both the genres pass on the traits to successive generations in
similar way!
January 7, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
55. 2020 observed as Year of Mobility by CISF
The CISF observes 2020 as the “Year of Mobility” for the welfare of the troops. It will
focus on construction of residential units and implementation of welfare measures.
1. Highlights
In the year of 2020, the Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) will aim at creating
infrastructure for their families. It will also aim at focusing on sports and physical fitness
leveraging modern gadgetry. It is essential to equip the forces with modern instruments
as the force plays major role in the security system of the country. They guard civil
airports, nuclear power stations, mines, thermal power stations in private domain as
well.
2. CISF
The CISF was initially established under the CISF act, 1968. It was converted into armed
force under an amendment to the act in 1983. It is the largest security system in the
world with more than 1,65,000 soldiers employed. The force also has a separate fire
wing that respond to fire emergencies. The Force is operated under Union Ministry of
Home Affairs.
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56. Zo Kutpui Festival organised in Mizoram
The Mizoram State Government is organising Zo Kutpui festival across 10 states in the
country and also in countries such as Myanmar, US and Bangladesh.
1. Highlights
The first edition of the festival is to begin in the city of Vanghmun in Tripura. The festival
will then move to other states having Mizo population. By conducting such as festival,
the Mizoram Government is trying to unify the Mizo population in the country and also
across the world. The event will host performances of several Mizo tribes.
2. Mizo population
The Mizos are tribal people that are spread between Myanmar in the east to Bangladesh
in the west. After independence, the Mizo people were governed by the Assamese
Government. In 1952, a subsidiary government was created under Assam called Lushai
hills, the now Mizoram. However, the Mizo people continued to demand freedom of
independence to join Myanmar. The Mizo National Front (MNF) was created in 1961 to
achieve independence of Mizoram. In 1966, the MNF created its armed wing and
declared independence under Operation Jericho. The area was then declared disturbed
and in 1967, GoI enforced AFSPA.
3. Mizo Peace Accord

After several negotiations of peace, in 1987, the Rajiv Gandhi Government signed the
Mizoram Peace Accord establishing peace in the region.
4. Mizo Tribals
In India, the Mizo population is found in Manipur, Tripura and Mizoram. There are 12 Mizo
clans identified. It includes Pawi-Lusei, Tlau, Khiangte, Hualhnam, Lai, Phaite, Renthlei,
Hmar, Chawngthu, Pang, Ralte and Hualngo.
57. ISRO launches Massive Human Space Flight Centre in Challakere,

Karnataka
On January 6, 2020, the ISRO proposed 2,700 crores of infrastructure plan to construct
Human Space Flight Infrastructure Centre. The facility is to be set up at Challakere,
Chitradurga district of Karnataka and is expected to become operational in three years.
1. Highlights
The Centre is to be located in the NH-4 Bengaluru-Pune Highway. ISRO aims to establish
a self-contained training facility here. At present, astronauts part of Gaganyaan Mission,
the Human Spaceflight Programme of ISRO are trained in Russia. The centre aims at
bringing in all the features that are provided by Russia and begin training astronauts
within the country.
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2. Challakere-The Science City
The city is located at 400 km from Bengaluru. It is called the science city as it
accommodated facilities of ISRO. Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, DRDO’s Advanced
Aeronautical Test Range and Indian institute of Science.
58. Yoga Science Meet, Farmers Science Congress held at Indian Science
Congress in Bengaluru
The Indian Science Congress was inaugurated by PM Modi on January 3, 2020. On the
sidelines of the event, the Farmers Science Congress was conducted for the first time.
The event also witnessed the Yoga Science Meet.
1. Farmers Science Congress

The Farmers Science congress was conducted for the first time in 107-year history of the
Indian Science Congress. The event highlighted importance of innovational practices in
agriculture. The conference is significant as the current era is shifting from becoming
self-sufficient in production to nutritional security. The importance of programmes such
as ARYA were stressed at the event.
1.1. ARYA
ARYA is Attracting and Retaining of Youth in Agriculture. It is being implemented by the
ICAR. The programme aims at bringing the youth under Agriculture sector. This is to
prevent the increase in migration of youth from rural areas to urban. It also aims at
making them entrepreneurs by empowering them to take up agriculture and its allied
services to gain employment.
1.2. Other Highlights

The event also stressed upon the following
1.3. Themes
The Farmer Science Congress was held under 3 different themes namely.
2. Yoga Science Meet

The Yoga Science Meet was organised on January 6, 2020. The meet discussed how Yoga
helps insulate from diseases. Also, the meet explained yoga postures and therapies.
59. Oman ships arrive to participate in Indo-Oman bilateral Naval

Exercise “Naseem Al-Bahr”
On January 6, 2020, two Oman ships arrived in Goa to participate in “Naseem-Al-Bahr”,

the Indo-Oman bilateral naval exercise.
1. Highlights
RNOV are Royal Navy of Oman Vessels. RNOV al Rasikh and RNOV Khassab arrived at
Goa. Along with these ships, Indian Naval Ships Shubhadra and Beas will also participate
in the exercise. The Indo-Oman Naval Exercises are being conducted since 1993.
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2. Other exercises between the countries
The countries conduct regular biennial exercises between all three services namely
army, navy and air force. ”Al Najah” is the army exercise conducted between the
countries. “Ex Eastern Bridge” is the Air Force exercise that is held between the
countries.
3. Significance
The naval exercise with Oman is highly important for India. This is because of strategic
location of the country. The country is at the gateway of Strait of Hormuz through which
India imports one-fifth of its oil imports. The berth rights given by Oman to Indian vessels
is important for the Indian Navy to carry out anti-piracy operations in the Gulf of Aden.
4. India-Oman
In West-Asia, Oman is one of India’s oldest defence partners and an ally in anti-piracy
campaigns. India has supplied rifles to Oman. Also, India is considering to set up a
defence production unit in Oman.
60. Centre approves disaster relief fund to seven states
The Government of India approved Rs 5,908 crores of disaster relief fund to seven
states. It includes Karnataka, UP, Assam, MP, Tripura Maharashtra and Himachal
Pradesh. The states were badly affected due to floods and landslides caused by South
West Monsoon rains.
1. Highlights
A high-level committee operating under Home Ministry on January 6, 2020 approved
disaster relief fund from National Disaster Respond Fund (NDRF). In 2019-20, the GoI
released Rs 8.068.33 crores from its share from the State Disaster Respond Fund
(SDRF). Under the fund, 75% of the fund is contributed by the centre and 25% by the
state.
2. National Disaster Respond Fund

The National Disaster Respond Fund was established under the disaster Management
Act, 2005. It is defined under Section 46 of the act. The NDRF was established to
supplement SDRF. The aim of the fund is to provide immediate relief from natural
disasters and not as compensation for crop loss or damage to properties.
3. National Executive Committee

The National Executive Committee operating under National Disaster Management
Authority decides on the expenses of the NDRF based on the guidelines released by GoI
in 2015.
4. Sources of NDRF
The NDRF is collected through cess levied on certain items, excise duties, customs
duties. The budgetary allocations also contribute to the fund.
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61. IDRSS: ISRO new satellite to help Gaganyaan crew
The Indian Data Relay Satellite System (IDRSS) will track Indian satellites in low-earth
orbits. It is a new satellite series that plans to set up a communication system between
the space assets of India.
1. Highlights
The system is aimed to play vital role in India’s space station and space docking. It will
also assist distant expeditions of India to Mars, moon and Venus.
2. About IDRSS
The mission consists of more than 2 satellites. The first two IRDSS satellites are to be
sent in the end of 2020. These satellites will precede the experimental mission of
Gaganyaan that will carry humanoid dummies. The first of this kind is to be launched in
2020 and the second satellite is to be launched in 2021.
3. Purpose
During the launch of Gaganyaan at least one ground should monitor the satellite 24/7.
This is not possible for India with its current infrastructure. Also, to make the tracking
continuous ISRO has to create number of ground stations or hire them globally. The
IDRSS helps to solve this problem providing full time tracking of the mission.
62. IMD’s State of Climate Report: 2019 the seventh warmest year since
1901
On January 7, 2020, the International Meteorological Organisation released its “State of

Climate Report” for the year 2019. According to the report, the climate change has
claimed 1,659 lives in India in the year 2019. 2019 is the seventh warmest year since
1901. The temperatures were not high as compared to 2016 (the warmest year so far)
mainly due to weak El Nino in the Pacific.
1. Highlights of the report

The extreme weather events that occurred in the country in the year 2019 were all
linked to climate change. It includes cyclones, floods, heat waves, cold waves,
landslides, etc. Of all the states, Bihar reported highest deaths (650) due to extreme
weather events. Of these 300 died in floods and 350 died due to heat waves. Following
Bihar, other states such as Maharashtra, UP, Kerala, Rajasthan and Karnataka showed
high numbers of deaths due to extreme weather events.
2. Storms
There were 8 cyclonic storms that were formed in the Indian seas. Of these, around 5
were formed in Arabian sea. This was unusual as compared to the usual one per year.
The cyclones in Arabian sea was 400% more than usual.
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63. GoI releases First Advance Estimates: GDP Growth Rate predicted as
5%
On January 7, 2020, the CSO (Central Statistics Office) operating under Ministry of
Statistics and Programme implementation released the first advance estimates of GDP
number for the fiscal year 2020. The numbers are in line with the predictions of Reserve
Bank of India
1. Highlights
According to the report, the GDP growth is estimated at 5% for the year 2019-20 as
against 6.8% in 2018-19. The report says that the deceleration is mainly due to the
decline in the growth of manufacturing sector. The manufacturing sector grew at the
rate of 2% in 2019-20 as compared to 6.9% in 2018-19.
2. Advance Estimate
The first advance Estimate is based on four main factors namely advance estimates of
crop production, Index of Industrial Production IIP (of the months April-October, 2019),
financial performances of specific firms in the first and second quarter and accounts of
state and central governments.
64. World Bank Study: Effect of Automation on FDI flows
On January 6, 2020, the World Bank released its study on how FDI flows are affected in
the world due to automation. The study concluded that automation will certainly disrupt
the flow of capital from rich countries to poor countries. On the other hand, the poor
countries can gain from automation if adopted at the right time.
1. Highlights
The study has used data of FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) and industrial robot usages
between 2004 and 2015. It reports that during this period, High Income Countries (HIC)
saw the highest FDI outflows. The flow of the FDI were measured in terms of project
announcements in middle income countries (MIC) and low-income countries (LIC).
2. Findings
The study found that the FDI flows from a HIC to a LIC reduced as automation increased.
For a 10% increase of automation in a HIC, the flow of FDIs into LMIC increased by 5.5%.
After a certain threshold the inflows saturated and, in some cases, started to decline as
well!
January 8, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
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65. Second National GST Conference of Central and State Tax
Commissioners held
On January 7, 2020, the second National GST Conference and Central and State
Commissioners was held to streamline the Goods and Services Tax. The Revenue
Secretary of Ministry of Finance Dr Ajay Bhushan Pandey was the Chairman of the
conference
1. Key Takeaways
 A Committee is to be constituted with central and state officers. The Committee will examine
and implement measures that will help curb fraudulent refund claims. The Committee will
come up with a Standard of Procedure that will become operational by the end of January
2020.
 The Investigation wing of Income Tax Department is to investigate all major cases of fake
imports, fraudulent refunds and fake input credits.
 The foreign exchange remittances are to be linked with IGST refund in order to curb
fraudulent IGST refund claims.
 The data between CBDT (Central Board of Direct Taxation), GSTN (Goods and Services Tax
Network) and CBIC (Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs) is being shared on annual
basis. It was decided that the data from now on be shred on quarterly basis.
2. Highlights of the conference

Several presentations were made at the conference. The Central Tax Zone office of
Vadodara and Mumbai made presentations on the best practices being followed by them
that helped them in revenue augmentation. The tax officers from Gujarat and Andhra
Pradesh also made presentations on their successful implementation of the GST act.
66. UIDAI’s 10-year success-The State of Aadhaar Report
Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI), the statutory body established in January
2009 under the Ministry of Electronics and Information is solely responsible for providing
AADHAR cards. Aadhaar even after 10 years is the world’s largest bio metric ID system
in the world
1. Highlights
In 2009, nearly 5 million births were unregistered. However, today the body has made
Aadhar huge success with 95% of adults holding the identity card today. Aadhaar
collects only four personal information, that includes, name, gender, age and address
along with biometric data of thumb impression, retinal scan and facial recognition.
2. Benefits
Aadhaar had improved the reliability of government welfare programmes. According to
the State of Aadhaar report, 2019, Aadhaar has been the first identity document for
around 65-70 million individuals. This benefitted them in opening bank accounts,
accessing food rations, mobile phone services, etc.
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67. NITI Aayog: List of high export potential medical devices created
The Government Think Tank Niti Aayog draws up list of medical devices that have high
export potential. It has come up with 10 devices to provide priority subsidies. It includes
surgical blades, orthopaedic implants, catheters, syringes and needles, X-ray machines,
blood bags, MRI machines and CT scan.
1. Highlights
The devices included in the list are to be prioritized in order to boost their domestic
manufacturing. Also, in order to boost their exports, GoI will create a framework to
accelerate their standardization and certification.
2. National Register
Currently, the medical devices are governed under the Central Drugs Standard Control
organization (CDSCO). It is a statutory body that was created under Drugs and
Cosmetics Act. The GoI suggested to bring all the medical devices under the body.
However, NITI Aayog turned down the proposal and suggested the creation of National
Register of Medical Devices. According to NITI Aayog, it will act as an autonomous body
on the lines of FSSAI. The body will have device experts and IIT labs will be used for
testing the devices.
68. Indian Army begins work on GOCO Model
On December 7, 2020, the Indian Army began its work on the GOCO (Government
Owned Contractor Operated) Model. The model is extended to base workshops and
ordnance depots. The workshops play vital role as they ensure the Indian Army is
operationally prepared all the time.
1. Highlights
The workshops are assigned the role of overhauling (testing and repairing) of weapons.
They also manufacture spares. The workshops have an annual turnover of Rs 10,000
crores. Though, the GOCO model in army workshops helps reducing government
expenditure on armed forces and increase combat capability of the army, there are
certain issues associated with the model.
2. Issues
 In GOCO model, the assets owned by government will be operated by the private industries.
In such cases, there are possibilities of protraction of assets and the expertise being absorbed
by private industry.
 The military manpower involved in the workshops is only 25% and 75% are civilian staffs. The
private companies might insist on rationalizing the work force. The ratio of 75: 25 will become
difficult to maintain.
3. Benefits
The best technologies grow at faster rate. Under the GOCO model, the private
companies need not make investments on land, machinery and other support systems.
The missions are set by government and the private sectors are given full independence
in implementing the missions using their best practices.
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4. Army workshops
On the whole, the Indian Army operates eight workshops all over the country. They are
located in Jabalpur, Allahabad, Meerut, Kirkee, New Delhi, Agra, Bengaluru and
Kankinara. Of these only the workshop at Bengaluru manufactures spares. Rest of the
workshops are involved only in overhauling.
69. LIGO: Second Merger of Neutron Stars detected
The LIGO (Laser Inferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory) detected gravitational

waves due to collision of two neutron stars. This is the second time the gravitational
waves are being detected.
1. Highlights
The mass of the neutron stars detected is expected to be 3.3 times and 3.7 times as that
of the sun. The scientists believe that the neutron stars were formed separately and
drifted together to form a star pair. The neutron stars were at a distance of 520 million
light years from the earth. The combined mass is the heaviest of the stars known so far.
2. LIGO
Currently LIGO operates three gravitational wave detectors at Livingston, Louisiana and
Hanford. They are located 3,000 km apart in the shape of ‘L’.
3. Indian Contribution
LIGO India is to come up in Maharashtra. It will aim at locating gravitational waves and
their new sources.
4. Why is the study important?

The gravitational waves are caused by exploding stars, black holes, merging neutron
stars. LIGO helps to detect these waves and analyze the information that they carry. As
the waves interact very weakly with matter, they help to learn about the universe and its
origin.
70. Cabinet approves North East Natural Gas Pipeline Grid
On January 8, 2020, the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs approved the North East
Gas Pipeline Grid. The pipeline is to be constructed for around 1,656 km.
1. Highlights
The gas pipeline grid is to be developed in eight states of the North East Region namely
Manipur, Meghalaya, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Sikkim, Nagaland and Tripura.
The project is a joint venture of 5 Public sector units namely ONGC (Oil and Natural Gas
Corporation Limited), IOCL (Indian Oil Corporation Limited), OIL (Oil India Limited), GAIL
(Gas Authority of India Limited) and NRL (Numaligarh Refinery Limited). The Joint
Venture has been named IGGL (Indra Dhanush Gas Grid Limited).
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2. About the Grid
The Grid will supply CNG to automobiles, cooking gas to households and fuel to industry.
The Group Consortium will receive 60% of the funding for the project and the rest has to
be raised via debts and equity. The project will be monitored by the Ministry of
Petroleum and Natural Gas. The Ministry will also release capital for the project in further
stages.
71. Cabinet approves India-Mongolia Agreement on exploration of outer

space
On January 8, 2020, the Union Cabinet chaired by PM Modi approved the agreement
between India and Mongolia to explore outer space for civilian and peaceful purposes.
The countries signed the agreement in September 2019.
1. Highlights
The agreement enables the countries to pursue research in planetary exploration, space
system, application of space technology. The plan is to set a Joint Working Group by
drawing members from ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation), DOS (Department of
Space). Communications and Information Technology Authority (CITA) of Mongolia. The
finances for the project are to be approved in stage-by-stage basis.
2. India-Mongolia
India maintains close ties with Mongolia and is interested in developing trade with the
country as it is rich in mineral deposits. During PM Modi’s visit to the country in 2015,
which was the first ever Prime Ministerial visit to Mongolia in the Indian history, PM
announced 1 billion USD grant to the country. Mongolia has abundant deposits of
minerals namely coal, gold, copper, molybdenum, tin, fluorspar, tungsten and tin. The
country also holds huge Uranium deposits.
72. Cabinet approves India’s MoUs with UK, Sweden and BMGF
On January 8, 2020, the Union Cabinet approved Memorandum of Understandings India

had signed with United Kingdom, Sweden and Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF)
1. India-BMGF
The Ministry of Health and BMGF had signed the Mou in November 2019. The BMGF
agreed to work with the Ministry to strengthen health sector of the country. It focuses on
reducing child mortality, morbidity, maternal mortality and neonatal mortality. Also, it
will aim to reduce burden of diseases such as Lymphatic Filariasis, Visceral
Leishmaniasis and TB. The BMGF will also aid in improving quality of family planning
methods.
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2. India-Sweden
The Ministry of Earth Sciences and Ministry of Education and Research signed Mou in
December 2019. According to the MoU, the countries will work on Polar Science. The
countries agreed on polar exploration as they are both signatories of Protocol to
Antarctic Treaty on Environmental Protection and Antarctic Treaty.
3. India-UK
The Ministry of Railway and the UK Government signed MoU to make Indian Railways
self-sufficient in energy. The parties will work towards adopting solar and wind energy
and adopt energy efficient practices. The UK Government will also aid in deploying
Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure.
January 9, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
73. CCI report on E-Commerce Market of India
On January 8, 2020, the Competition Commission of India (CCI) released its report on
“Market Study on E-Commerce in India: Key Findings and Observations”. The market
study for the report was initiated in April 2019 by CCI.
1. Key Findings of the Report

 The revenue from the E-Commerce sector is growing at the rate of 51%.
 In July 2018, the number of online transactions in the E-Commerce sector was 1 to 1.2 million
per day.
 Between 2016 and 2019, the delivery market places in food industry raised by 90%. Also, the
food industry is no longer a metro phenomenon. It grew in non-metro cities as well.
 The online travel booking is growing at 16% since 2016.
 The E-Commerce Sector was established in 2009. However, the sector gained momentum in
2014. In 2017, the sector held 3,500 million USD investment. There are around 4757 E-
commerce start-ups in India today in 2019.
2. Suggestions
 To reduce information symmetry and increase transparency. This will increase competition
among the stake holders.
 To set out terms and conditions that will prevent the business users from influencing search
ranking.
 To set up a transparent policy on data collection of customers, product rating policies.
74. Indian Pompano fish cultivation-First Scientific Experiment
On January 8, 2020, the Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI) announced
that it has developed viable scientific method to cultivate Indian Pompano fish in ponds.
Pompanos are marine fishes.
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1. Highlights
Upon successful invention of the scientific method to cultivate Pompano fish by CMFRI, it
is to be officially cultivated in ponds of Vishakhapatnam. This is the first time a scientific
experiment has been done on the cultivation of Pompano fish in India.
2. Pompano
In 2014, the GoI began the scientific study on Pompano. The CMFRI scientists say that
growing Pompano along with shrimp increases the survival chances of the later. This is
because, the Pompanos break life cycle of viruses that attack shrimps. GoI is currently
planning to implement inter-cropping of these two fishes.
3. Competitors
The Pompanos are commonly found in Indo-Pacific region. They are widely cultivated in
China, Vietnam, USA, Taiwan, Malaysia, Indonesia and Philippines.
4. Existing Farming Techniques

In India, the Pompano is cultivated through Open sea Cage Farming and earthen pond
fresh water farming. The survival rates of open sea cage farming is 72% and that of
fresh water farming is 32%.
75. World Bank’s Global Economic Prospect: World Economic Growth

projected at 2.5%
On January 9, 2020, the World Bank released its Global Economic Prospect. According to
its forecast, the world is expected to grow economically at the rate of 2.5%. This is the
lowest prediction since that predicted in 2008-09, 3.1%. By then, the global financial
crisis derailed the economy.
1. Highlights
The report says that investment and trade in the country is expected to recover.
However, the downward risks from 2019 are to continue. It also said that the advanced
economies are to slip their growth by 1.4% as the manufacturing sector continues to
soften.
2. South Asia
Growth in South Asia is expected to rise by 5.5% in 2020. The report predicts India’s
growth rate at 5%. It is expected that the credit from non-banking companies to
expected to weaken. The report also says that India will see a growth rate of 5.5% in the
subsequent year.
76. The Pulses Conclave 2020 to be held in Lonavala, Maharashtra
The fifth Pulses Conclave 2020 is to be held in Lonavala, Maharashtra between February
12, 2020 and February 14, 2020. It is a biennial conference.
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1. Highlights
The India Pulses and Grain Association will host the Conclave. Around 1500 stakeholders
from India and other countries are expected to participate in the conference. It includes
Australia, USA, Myanmar, Canada, Uganda, Ethiopia, Tanzania, Malawi, Mozambique, etc.
The conference aims at increasing exports, processing efficiencies, protein extraction,
value addition and post-harvest management.
2. Significance
The production of pulses of pulses has been steadily growing. In 2013-14, production of
pulses was around 19 million tonnes and it increased to 26.30 million tonnes in 2018-19.
According to APEDA (Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development
Authority), in 2018-19, India exported pulses for 242.6 million USD.
3. Pulses in India
India is the largest producer of pulses in the world. It accounts to around 25% of global
production. Also, India is the largest consumer of pulses. It consumes 27% of world
pulses. And India is also the largest importer of pulses. India imports 14% of pulses in
the world.
77. Railways: First Solar Power and plans to Link J&K with rest of India
On January 9, 2020, Indian Railways announced that it will source 1000 MW of solar
power and 200 MW of wind power to zonal railways by 2021-22. Also, Kashmir is to be
linked with the rest of India through railway network by December 2021.
1. Highlights: Solar Power

In order to implement the solar and wind power in Indian Railways, GoI has planned to
install 500 MW of solar plants on roof top of Railway buildings to meet non-traction
loads. It has also planned to install another 500 MW of land based solar plants whose
energy will be used to meet both non-traction and traction load requirements.
2. Highlights: Kashmir
GoI has announced the new date for the completion of 111-km stretch of railway link
project between Katra and Banihal in Kashmir. The project aims at linking Kashmir with
the rest of India. The project will be completed by December 2021. Konkan Railways is
the implementing agency of the project.
78. Milan 2020: Indian Navy to host multi-nation military drill
On January 10, 2020, Indian Navy will be hosting military drill called ‘Milan 2020’ at
Visakhapatnam, The City of Destiny. MILAN stands for ‘Multilateral Naval Exercise’. The
Event will witness the participation of several countries. Apart from a large number of
ships, senior dignitaries are also expected to take part in various functions and visit
naval facilities during MILAN 2020. The theme of the exercise is
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1. About ‘Milan 2020’
The MILAN series of biennial exercises commenced in 1995. It was conducted at
Andaman and Nicobar Command (ANC) until last year, for the first time on mainland at
Eastern Naval command(ENC).
2. Significance
Through the exercise GoI will pursue cooperation initiatives with friendly foreign
countries, including in Indian Ocean Region (IOR). The areas of cooperation include
capacity building, training, operational exercise marine domain awareness, hydrography,
technical assistance.
79. Nirbhaya funds: IP based video surveillance in railways & Fast Track
Courts
The Indian Railways has enhanced security in major railway hubs by installing IP based
video surveillance system. The surveillance has been installed in parking areas, entrance
and exit platforms, waiting hall and over bridges.
1. Highlights
The surveillance system is to be installed in 983 stations at a budget of Rs 250 crores.
The budget is being allocated from Nirbhaya funds. The surveillance is to be extended to
other stations and coaches soon. The project implementation is to begin with south
Western Railways.
2. Nirbhaya Funds
Nirbhaya fund was announced in the Union Budget 2013 by the then Finance minister P
Chidambaram. Rs 1,000 crore had been allocated. The Ministry of Women and child
Development prepares the scope and application of the fund. Ministry of Finance is
responsible for the application of the fund.
3. Nirbhaya Fund usage so far

The GoI sanctioned Rs 1000 crores from the fund to implement women help desks in
police stations. Also, anti-trafficking units are to be set up in all districts with the funds. A
“Safe City Programme” was implemented at a cost of Rs 194.44 crores. SAECK (Sexual
Assault Evidence Collection kits) were distributed with Nirbhaya funds. Sakhi centres
(One Stop Centres) were set up through Nirbhaya fund under National Mission for
Empowerment of women.
4. 1023 Fast track Courts

On January 9, 2020, GoI has begun fast track special courts under Nirbhaya funds. The
aim of the courts is to dispose pending cases registered under POCSO act and rape
faster. Around 389 courts have been planned where the pendency of cases is more than
100.
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January 10, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
80. GoI releases Year End Review report of Energy Sector in the Country
On January 9, 2020, Ministry of New and Renewable Energy released its year end review.
According to the report, over 150 GW of renewable energy has been installed so far in
India.
1. India’s initiatives in 2019

 Under KUSUM initiative, around 17 lakh solar powered agricultural pumps were installed.
 Phase II of Grid Connected Roof top Solar Programme was launched. Under the programme,
40,000 MW of Roof Top solar power target was set.
 Under the Wind-Solar hybrid policy, 1440 MW of capacity was installed.
 Second Assembly of International Solar Alliance was held.
 The scheme to set up solar PV power plants in compliance with the WTO was approved. This
was launched to encourage Make in India solar PV manufacturing sector
2. UMREPP
The Government in 2015 had set a target to install 175 GW of renewable energy by
2022. It includes 60 GW from wind, 100 GW from solar, 5 GW from small hydro power
and 10 GW from solar. In order to achieve this, GoI had set up the Ultra Mega Renewable
Energy Power Parks (UMREPP) under Solar Park Scheme.
3. India’s NDC
According to Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC), India pledged that 40% of
installed power will be from non-fossil fuel by 2030. Also, India had set a target to reduce
emission intensity of GDP by 33 to 35% as compared to 2005 level.
81. India-Germany sign MoU on Zero Budget Natural Farming
On January 9, 2020, the Andhra Pradesh Government signed Memorandum of

Understanding with a German firm to implement Zero Budget Natural Farming in the
state.
1. Highlights
The state Government will take a loan of Rs 1015 crores to spend towards climate
resilient Zero Budget Natural Farming. The project aims to cover 2.39 lakh farmers in
600 villages. The project was included in the Budget presentation of 2019. Along with
ZBNF implementation, the Government will also implement Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima
Yojana.
2. Zero Budget Natural Farming

It is a chemical-free agricultural farming practice. The Government of India is promoting
ZBNF through Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana and Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana since
2015-16.
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3. States practicing ZBNF
The states that are practicing Zero Budget Natural Farming includes AP, Uttarakhand,
Karnataka, Himachal Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Kerala. All crops can be grown using
ZBNF in all agro-climatic zones.
82. January 9: Pravasi Bharatiya Divas
On January 9, 2020, Pravasi Bharatiya Divas was celebrated. The day is being marked
since 2003 to recognize overseas Indians. It aims at promoting unity among Indian
diaspora living abroad and also mark the contributions of overseas Indians. The event is
organized by the Ministry of External Affairs. It is sponsored by Confederation of Indian
Industry.
1. Why January 09?

The Pravasi Bharatiya Divas is celebrated on January 9, as Mahatma Gandhi returned
from South Africa on the day in 1915. In 2015, the day was declared biennial. In 2018,
the day was widely celebrated in Singapore. In 2019, the event was celebrated in
Varanasi.
2. Objectives
The aim of celebrating the day is to provide a platform for NRI to express their
perceptions about India and thereby involve them in Indian developmental activities. It
also aims at creating a network of NRIs in all countries and connect younger
generation. The day aims at connecting Indians living overseas with their roots so that
they shall contribute to the development of the country.
3. Pravasi Bharatiya Samman

The Pravasi Bharatiya Samman is being presented to honour exceptional NRIs (Non-
Resident Indians) for their contribution towards the country. The award is presented by
the President of India.
83. Supreme Court: Access to Internet-a fundamental right
On January 10, 2020, the Supreme Court of India said that Right of access to internet is a
fundamental right. The Court had asked the administration of Jammu and Kashmir to
review the curbs on internet in a week.
1. Highlights
A three-member bench of the apex court heard on a batch of pleas against complete
blockage of internet in Kashmir. Kashmir was shut out of internet for five months now,
since abrogation of Article 370.
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2. 2016 UN Resolution
In 2016, the UNHRC (United Nations Human Rights Council) released a resolution that
condemned disruption of internet access by government. Before passing the resolution
UN quoted that there were 15 internet shut downs in 2015 and 20 in 2017. The UN
referred to internet ban in Turkey after terrorist attacks, internet shut down in India after
local protests and internet blockage in Algeria.
84. Four Colonial structures re-dedicated to Kolkata
PM Modi is on a two-day official visit to Kolkata on January 11 and 12, 2020. During his
visit, the Prime Minister will dedicate three colonial buildings to the country.
1. Highlights
During the visit, the Prime Minister will dedicate Old Currency Building, Metcalfe House,
Belvedere House and Victoria Memorial Hall. The buildings were renovated by Ministry of
Culture. The ministry is also working on developing other iconic buildings and cultural
spaces in Mumbai, Delhi, Ahmedabad and Varanasi.
2. Currency Building
The Currency Building was built in 1833. It was designed in Italian style with cast iron
gates and Venetian windows. The RBI operated from the building till 1937 after which it
was abandoned. The building was declared as a protected monument by the
archaeological survey of India in 2002
3. Metacalfe Hall
The building was named after Lord Metacalfe. He was the Governor General of India
between March 1835 and March 1836. It is famous for its 30 Corinthian pillars. It was
built to honour his efforts towards free press. The building houses public library
collection.
4. Belvedere House
The Belvedere House was Mir Jafar’s palace. Later it housed several governors of Bengal
and viceroys of India.
85. Amma Vodi scheme launched in Andhra Pradesh
On January 9, 2020, Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister Jagan Mohan Reddy launched Amma
Vodi Scheme in Chittoor. It is one of the nine flagship programmes of the Andhra
Government. The programmes are called Navratanalu. The scheme is first of its kind in
the country.
1. Key Features of the Programme

The scheme aims at benefitting school students studying in classes I to XII. It includes
both public and private schools. Under the scheme, these students belonging to Below
Poverty Line will get Rs 15,000 per annum. However, the guardian or mother of the child
should ensure 75% attendance of the child.
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2. Funding
The State Government has allocated Rs 6318 crores under the scheme. The funding
aims at helping lakhs of below poverty line mothers trying to educate their children. The
amount is to be directly transferred to the bank account of the beneficiaries.
3. Educational reforms in the state

The Andhra Pradesh Government has allocated budget of Rs 14,000 crores to enable
educational institutions and revamp the older infrastructure. It has also adopted English
as medium of instruction in schools for class 1 to 6.
86. IEA launches India’s Energy Policy Report
On January 10, 2020, the International Energy Agency (IEA) launched India’s Energy
Policy Report. The report insisted that India should adopt its think tank NITI Aayog’s
National Energy Policy. IEA released its “India Report 2020”, in collaboration with NITI
Aayog.
1. Key Findings of the report

 The oil demand of India will overtake China by mid-2020. It will make India more vulnerable
to supply disruption in the middle east. According to the report, oil demand of India will reach
6 million barrels per day by 2024. It was 4.4 million barrels per day in 2017.
 The report also said that India is the third largest consumer of oil after China and United
States. Also, India imports 80% of its oil needs. Of this, 65% are from middle east through
Strait of Hormuz.
 India is the fourth largest oil refiner in the world. The products mainly include diesel and
gasoline. The report said that India’s plan of increasing its refining capacity to 8 million
barrels per day by 2025 will make India an attractive market for investment in the refinery
sector.
2. Strategic Petroleum Reserves

The agency releases strategic petroleum reserves of developed countries. It insisted that
India has to expand its fuel reserves.
87. Gujarat to import water soluble fertilizers from China
The Gujarat Agro Industries Corporation (GAIC) will import water-soluble fertilizers from
China. So far, the state agency has imported 300 tonnes.
1. Highlights
The GAIC agency will import, pack and sell the water-soluble fertilizers to farmers. The
new fertilizers have been named AGRO. These fertilizers are best suited for precision
agriculture. As Gujarat has a good land area under drip irrigation, the fertilizers are
being distributed at the right time. Gujarat has the maximum land under drip irrigation
of all the states in the country.
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2. Precision Agriculture
Precision agriculture is the farming management concept that uses inputs such as
pesticides, nutrients, water and seeds in a strategic way. In other words, the inputs are
used at minimal amount to get maximum output.
3. GAIC
GAIC acts as a catalyst in implementing government schemes to boost agro products.
The Ministry of Agriculture has appointed GAIC as the nodal agency to implement its
schemes in the state of Gujarat.
88. January 10: World Hindi Day
The World Hindi day is celebrated every year on January 10 in order to promote the
language world-wide. It is celebrated by Indian Embassies that are located all over the
world. The day is being celebrated world wide since 2006.
1. Significance
Hindi is the fifth largely spoken language in the world. It is spoken in Pakistan,
Bangladesh, Nepal, UK, USA, New Zealand, Germany, Uganda, UAE, Guyana, Trinidad,
Suriname, South Africa and Mauritius. The language is spoken by more than 43 core
people in the world.
2. National Hindi Day

The National Hindi Day is different from that of World Hindi Day. It is celebrated on
September 14 every year. Two awards namely Rajbhasha Kirti Puraskar and Rajiv Gandhi
Rashtriya Gyan-Vigyan Maulik Pustak Lekhan Puraskar are presented annually on
National Hindi Day.
3. Beohar Rajendra Simha

He was an Indian scholar, theologian, historian, sanskritist, Sarvodaya-activist, politician,
journalist and Gandhian. Hindi was adopted the official language of India on his 50th
birthday.
4. Origin of Hindi
The word was transferred from the Sanskrit language “Sindhu”. The word “Sindhu”
became “Hindu” after Iranians entered India.
89. India deploys INS Vikramaditya amidst Sea Guardians-The China-

Pakistan naval drill
On January 6, 2020, China and Pakistan had launched a naval drill in North Arabian Sea
called the Sea Guardians. The aim of the drill is to increase inter-operability between the
two navies. On January 10, 2020, India deployed its INS Vikramaditya in North Arabian
Sea where the exercise is being held.
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1. Highlights
China and Pakistan launched a nine-day mega naval exercise. The Exercise Sea
Guardians is taking place when there are heightened tensions between India and
Pakistan over Kashmir issue.
2. Significance of deployment of INS VIkramaditya

In September 2019, Indian Navy drove out a Chinese PLA in India’s Exclusive Economic
Zone and warned that such activities will be dealt sternly. Also, China has been
increasing its presence in the region lately. China has built a naval base in Djibouti in
Horn of Africa from where Arabian Sea provides entry to Indian Ocean. Also, China is
developing Pakistan’s Gwadar port, thereby increasing its presence in North Arabian
Sea.
3. Why INS Vikramaditya?

Apart from all other ships, INS Vikramaditya is one of the top-rated aircraft carriers
globally. It was commissioned into the Indian Navy in 2013. It is about 284 metres long,
60 m high. It has a total of 22 decks. It can carry 30 aircrafts that includes Chetak
helicopter, MiG 29K, Kamov 28, ALH-Dhruv, etc.
January 11, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
90. State Energy Efficiency Index released by GoI
On January 10, 2020, Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) launched the State Energy
Efficiency Index, 2019 in association with Alliance for Energy Efficient Economy. The
report was prepared considering the basic energy requirements such as coal, electricity,
gas and oil. The report tracks the progress of Energy Efficiency initiatives in 36 states
and Union Territories.
1. Highlights
Karnataka, HP, Haryana and Puducherry were the best performers according to the
report. Manipur, Jharkhand, Rajasthan and Jammu and Kashmir were the least
performers.
2. Indicators
The index has been developed based on quantitative, qualitative and outcome-based
indicators. The outcomes of 5 distinct sectors were studied namely industry, buildings,
transport, municipalities, Discoms and agriculture.
3. Energy Conservation Building Code

The code was developed by BEE under the guidance of United States Agency for
International Development. The code aims at promoting energy efficiency in the building
sector.
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4. Significance
The first such Index in the country was released in August 2018. The index will help
states in their contribution towards energy security and climate action. It help the states
track their progress.
5. Suggestions of the report

The states should shift their focus from “policies in place” to “policies successfully
implemented”. They should aim at strengthening data capture mechanism. The states
should also aim at integrating programmes that have direct or indirect links with
consumers.
91. India erects “steel fence” across Pakistan, Bangladesh border
India will erect non-cut steel fence in the sensitive areas of Pakistan and Bangladesh
borders. The plan is being executed after security agencies have detected Afghan
fighters along India-Pakistan border.
1. Highlights
The first steel fence is to be erected across 7-km stretch in Assam’s Silchar, the border
across Bangladesh. After erection, the border is to be analysed by the BSF (Border
Security Force). Based on the feedback of these fence implementation, more such
fences are to be implemented. The implementation cost has been estimated as Rs 2
crores per kilo metre.
2. Need
The presence of well-trained terrorists in the borders has increased. Therefore, it is
important to secure the vulnerable infiltration spots along the border. Also, these
vulnerable spots might be used by the terrorists to create trouble in the newly formed
Union Territory.
3. Recent security measures

The GoI recently has implemented several security measures to guard its international
border, especially after abrogating Article 370. Around a lakh of Central Armed Forces
were deployed in Kashmir. Government also mapped infiltration prone areas along the
two borders. In 2018, the BSF mapped and identified vulnerable spots in three-staged
exercise.
92. GoI to launch Purvodaya to accelerate Eastern India Development
On January 10, 2020, the Ministry of Steel announced that it will launch “Purvodaya”, a
world class steel hub. The hub aims at an accelerated development programme of
eastern states. The Ministry will be joined by CII (Confederation of India Industries) in the
implementation of “Purvodaya”.
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1. Highlights
The initiative aims at developing the eastern states through an integrated steel hub. The
steel hub will create 2.5 million jobs in the region. It will create world-class logistics and
infrastructure. This will also help in achieving India’s steel policy target of 300 MT by
2030.
2. The Steel Hub

The Steel Hub will develop steel clusters in the region. It will transfer the utilities and
logistics infrastructure into socio-economic landscape. So far, 12 major steel zone has
been identified under the initiative in the region.
3. Why Eastern States?

The 5 Eastern states namely West Bengal, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Odisha and Northern
Andhra Pradesh are extremely rich in coking coal, bauxite and dolomite reserves. The
region also has major ports such as Haldia, Paradip, Kolkata and Vizag. Therefore,
setting up a steel hub in the region will help India achieve its 5 trillion-dollar economy
target fast.
93. GoI established I4C and a portal to deal cyber crimes
On January 10, 2020, the Union Home Minister Amit Shah inaugurated the Indian Cyber
Crime Coordination Centre (I4C) and a National Cyber Crime Reporting Portal. The centre
was approved in October 2018 at a cost of 416 crores.
1. Highlights
The I4C has 7 major components. It includes National cyber Crime Threat Analysis Unit,
Platform for Joint Cyber crime Investigation team, National Cyber Crime reporting portal,
cyber crime ecosystem management unit, national cyber-crime training centre, National
Cyber Research and Innovation centre and Cyber crime Ecosystem management unit.
2. Significance
According to NCRB (National Crime Research Bureau), 2017, the cyber crimes has
doubled in India. Apart from I4C, the central government has also launched NIC-CERT
(National Informatics Centre-Computer Emergency Response Team).
94. Corona Virus: A new stain of virus found in China
On January 11, 2020, China reported the first death in the country due to pneumonia
caused by a new virus that is of outbreak in the city of Wuhan. The Chinese scientists
discovered that the new strain of virus is that of the corona virus.
1. Highlights
According to the WHO, the outbreak in Wuhan in less virulent. However, China is
responding swiftly to control the outbreak.
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2. Earlier outbreaks
In 2002-03, the flu-like Sars virus that belongs to Corona virus family, killed more than
700 people in the world. The virus originated in China.
3. Corona Virus
Corona Viruses were first found in humans in1960s. the viruses cause flu and gastro
intestinal problems. They have great genetic variability, meaning, they can over come
barriers between different species.
95. India attends Hormuz Peace Initiative
India recently attended the Hormuz Peace Initiative that was held in Tehran. The
initiative aimed at stabilizing one of world’s busiest shipping lanes, the Strait of Hormuz
amidst US-Iran tensions. It was attended by leading trade partners of Iran namely China,
Oman, India and Afghanistan.
1. Highlights
The countries that attended the initiative reviewed the “Hormuz Peace Endeavor”
(HOPE) that was proposed by Tehran. It was proposed by Iran at the UN General
Assembly that was held in September 2019. The meet was held to discuss tensions
escalating in the Persian Gulf due to US-Iran tensions.
2. Strait of Hormuz
Strait of Hormuz is the world’s most crucial choking points. Around two-thirds of India’s
oil imports and half of LNG imports come through the strait.
3. Traffic Separation System

The Traffic Separation system is followed at Strait of Hormuz. It was ruled by
International Maritime Organization. The system is used to regulate traffic at the strait. It
is used almost at all major straits in the world. It includes Strait of Gibraltar, Strait of
Malacca, etc. The system aims at preventing collisions between the ships at sea.
January 12, 2020
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96. “Cyber AASHVAST” Cyber Crime Prevention Unit launched in

Gandhinagar, Gujarat
On January 11, 2020, Home Minister Amit Shah launched the country’s first Cyber Crime
Prevention Unit called the “Cyber AASHVAST” in Gandhinagar. Along with AASHVAST, the
Video Integration and State Wide Advance Security project called VISWAS was also
launched
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1. Highlights
The Cyber AASHVAST is a unit that will act to prevent cyber crimes with the help of
VISWAS and NETRANG. It will own an exclusive online portal that will have dedicated
service helpline for victims of cyber-crimes. The AASHVAST will also monitor, prevent
and control cyber-crimes in the state. Along with AASHVAST and VISWAS, Project
NETRANG was also launched. It will establish command and control rooms in 33 districts
of Gujarat.
2. Government Measures
The Government recently launched the I4C (Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre)
and established Cyber and Information Security Division (C&IS). The C&IS will implement
NATGRID (National Intelligence Grid), NISPG (National Information Security Policy).
97. LCA Tejas: The First Indigenous Aircraft to make an arrested Landing
On January 11, 2020, the Light Combat Aircraft (LCA), Tejas successfully landed on INS
Vikramaditya. With this achievement, the LCA becomes the first aircraft to make an
arrested landing on a naval ship.
1. Highlights
The DRDO (Defence Research Development Organisation) made LCA became the first
indogenously made aircraft to land on an aircraft carrier. This makes India enter a select
group of nations in the world to develop aircrafts that are capable of landing and taking
off from an aircraft carrier deck, that is barely 200 metres wide. The elite countries that
hold this capability includes US, China, UK, Russia and France.
2. Indian Military Aircrafts

Today, the Indian Air Force is operating Mirage-2000, HAL Tejas LCA, MIG 21, Sukhoi-30
MKI, MiG-27, SPECAT Jaguar and Rafale. The Tejas LCA was developed by HAL in the
1980s by borrowing technologies from Russia, France and Russia. The plan was to
replace the ageing Soviet Union sourced MiG-21.
98. Raisina Dialogue to be held New Delhi
The Raisina Dialogue is to be held between January 14, 2020 and January 16, 2020. It is
a multilateral conference that is held in New Delhi annually since 2016. The dialogue is
organised by the Ministry of External Affairs and Observer Research Foundation.
1. Highlights
This year, in 2020, number of foreign ministers are to attend the dialogue. It includes
ministers from Russia, Iran, Maldives, Morocco, Australia, Bhutan, Denmark, Czech
Republic, Uzbekistan and Estonia.
2. About the Dialogue

Since its inception, it is considered as India’s flagship conference on geo-economics and
geopolitics. It aims at exploring opportunities of Asian integration.
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3. Name of the conference
The conference is named after, “Raisina Hills”, which is the seat of Government of India
and Rashtrapati bhavan. The dialogue was designed on the lines of Shangri-La dialogue.
99. January 12: National Youth Day
Every year, on January 12, the birth anniversary of Swami Vivekananda is celebrated as
National youth Day. In order to commemorate his birth anniversary, GoI also organizes
National Youth Festival. The National Youth Festival is to be held between January 12,
2020 and January 16, 2020 in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. The festival is being organized by
the Government of India since 1995.
1. National Youth Day

Every year the Ministry of Youth affairs and sports celebrate the event annually with any
one of the states. This year, the state of Uttar Pradesh been chosen. The day is being
celebrated since 1985.
2. National Youth Festival

The 23rd National Youth Festival is organized by the Ministry of youth Affairs and State
Government of Uttar Pradesh. The theme of the festival is
100. Ordinance promulgated to amend coal mining laws
On January 11, 2020, the Government of India promulgated ordinance to amend coal
mining laws in order to ease auction of coal mines.
1. Highlights
The GoI has promulgated ordinance to amend MMDR act (Mines and Minerals
Development and Regulation act), 1957 and Coal Mines (Special Provisions) act [CMSP],
2015.
2. Objectives of the amendment

 It will enhance ease of doing business
 The amendment will democratize the coal sector. This will open the coal sector for anyone to
invest.
 It will promote FDI (Foreign Direct Investment). The amendment will remove eligibility criteria
and restrictions in order to achieve this.
3. Amendments
 The amendment has clarified the purpose of allocation. Previously, there was lack of clarity in
interpretation of eligibility conditions in the auctions. The amendment clarifies that any
company winning the auction shall carry on own consumption, sale or other purposes. This
also allows 100% FDI participation
 The Schedule II and Schedule III of the CMSP act had clauses that allowed only companies
that are engaged in specific end use of coal to participate in the auction. These clauses are
now removed.
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 So far, the CMSP act had been silent on reallocation of a coal upon terminations of an
allocated mine. With the amendment, it is now possible to allocate the mine to the next
successful bidder.
 The amendment allows the coal mines to appoint a custodian for production.
4. Coal Targets of GoI

India is the second largest importer of coal in the world. The amendments will help to
increase domestic production of India. It will also help India achieve its targets set. The
GoI plans to increase coal production to 1 billion tonnes by 2024.
101. Commemorative stamps released on 150th celebrations of Kolkata

Port Trust
On January 12, 2020, PM Modi attended the 150th celebrations of Kolkata Port Trust.
During the celebration, the prime minister launched commemorative stamps of the port
trust.
1. Highlights
During the celebrations, the PM also launched Rs 600 crore worth port development
activities. It includes upgrade of a ship repair facility, upgraded railway infrastructure for
the port and also river front development schemes. The river front development
schemes include cruise-based tourism, water parks, sea museums, aquariums. The GoI
currently runs 150 cruise ships in the country. The number is to be increased to 1000
and West Bengal is to play an active role in it.
2. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee

During the event the Kolkata port trust was renamed as Shyama Prasad Mukherjee port.
He was the founder of Bharatiya Jana Sangh. He laid the stone for the development of
Chittaranjan Locomotive Factory, Damodar Valley Corporation and Hindustan Aircraft
Factory.
January 13, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
102. 200 fighter jets to be acquired by Indian Air Force
The Government of India will acquire around 200 aircrafts. Of these 200, 83 fighter jets
are LCA Tejas Mark 1A and are to be procured from HAL. The rest are to be procured
based on Request for Proposals.
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1. Highlights
The design of the fighter jets was finalized by HAL (Hindustan Aeronautics Limited). HAL
will start manufacturing 8 LCA (Light Combat Aircraft) Tejas Mark 1A per year and will
slowly increase the count to 16 per year. The LCA Tejas recently became the first
indigenously made aircraft to make arrested landing on INS Vikramaditya.
2. LCA Tejas
The LCA Tejas was designed by HAL (Hindustan Aeronautics Limited) and ADA
(Aeronautical Development Agency) in 1980s. It replaced India’s MiG-21. So far, LCA
Tejas is operating only in India. However, Egypt and Sri Lanka have shown interests in
the aircraft. This will help India achieve its Defence exports targets of Rs 35,000 crores
by 2024.
3. Tejas Mark 2
Tejas Mark 2 has increased internal fuel capacity of 3.3 tonnes. Also, it is equipped with
an artificial intelligence-based cock pit that is optimally manned. It has provisions for the
ground stations to take control when the pilot falls unconscious or is injured. The alert
signals of unconsciousness of the pilot will be generated by his helmet.
103. Report says STEM jobs raising in India
One of the job sites, indeed released a report that jobs related to Science, Technology,
Engineering and Mathematics have increased by 44% between November 2016 and
November 2019.
1. Highlights
The report said that Delhi led the was with 31% of overall postings. It was also high in
other Metros like Mumbai contributing to 21% of the posting, Bengaluru-14%, Pune-12%,
Hyderabad-12% and Chennai-10%. The Western region of all part of India has the
highest job postings of STEM.
2. Barriers in India
The real issue is that though India’s demand is good and growing, the real man power to
fill in the demand, the younger generation is lagging skills to fulfill with the demands.
This is mainly because of the minimal contribution of education system towards STEM
field at school level.
104. World Future Energy Summit and CLIX to be held at Abu Dhabi
On January 13, 2020, the World Future Energy Summit is to begin at Abu Dhabi. It is to
be held for four days.
1. Highlights
The Summit will have 33,500 participants from 170 countries. It will also include 800
special exhibits. The event is to be conducted under the theme
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2. Pillars of the summit
The summit is important as it is held on five main pillars. They are energy, water, solar,
waste and smart cities. The event therefore, will act as the best example to support
global economy through recycling, removing single use plastics, using renewable
energy, etc.
3. World Future Energy Summit

It is an annual event being conducted at Abu Dhabi since 2011. The event is dedicated
to future energy, clean technologies and energy efficiencies. It attracts world leaders,
investors, policy makers, academia, investors, intellectuals and academicians.
4. CLIX
The Climate Innovation Exchange was launched in World Future Energy Summit, 2018.
Since then it is being conducted on the side lines of the summit. It acts as a platform for
countries to exchange their ideas on common global problems. It includes future of
agriculture, food, energy and mobility.
105. Shopper Malware: 14% Indians affected
A new Trojan called Shopper malware is increasing its presence among smart phone
users. The malware is screening unsolicited ads and flashing fake reviews.
1. Highlights
The malware is now focusing on retail applications. The malware is capable of reading
data being entered on the screen. As the trojan gains permission, it interacts with the
system interfaces and captures every data being featured in the screen. After acquiring
information, it is using google and Facebook data to register on popular shopping sites.
2. Earlier Malware encounters

Prior to Shopper Malware, the largest such infection was created by “Trojan-Dropper”.
This was between October 2019 to November 2019. It affected 14.23% of Indians. Russia
was the most affected. Around 28.46% of Russians were infected due to the malware.
3. Cyber Swachhta Kendra

The CSK are Botnet cleaning and Malware analysis centres. They operate under Indian
Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-In) under Ministry of Electronics and
information Technology. They were established in accordance with National Cyber
Security Policy. The Centre provides malware removal tools to fix them permanently. It is
important to develop more such centres as India ranks third in list of countries with
highest number of cyber threats.
106. NIIT to be a part of NEAT programme
The NIIT (National institute of Information Technology), a multi-national company has

been selected as one of the EdTech companies for the NEAT initiative. The NIIT will work
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with AICTE to implement the vision of Ministry of HRD (Human and Resource
Development) on NEAT.
1. Highlights
In order to make the NEAT initiative successful, the Ministry of HRD along with NIIT will
institute 5 awards of Rs 50,000 for faculties and 10 awards of Rs 10,000 for students.
2. NEAT
The National Educational Alliance for Technology (NEAT) was launched to customize
learning process using Artificial Intelligence. The Union Government believes that the AI
methodologies can be used to address diversity in learners. (Diversity in learners is
recognizing that everyone is unique in their own way)
3. Features of NEAT
NEAT will create a common one-stop access to technological solutions. The solutions will
be developed by the EdTech companies. The institutes developing solutions are free to
charge the companies according their policy. The NEAT programme is being
implemented by AICTTE.
107. Australian Koalas become endangered in bush fires
The Australian Koalas population suffered an extraordinary hit in the bush fires of
Australia. It took 3 months for the firemen to control the fires.
1. Highlights
Australia recorded 2019 as its hottest year on record. Around 1.25 billion animals are
believed to be dead in bush fires. It has also destroyed more than 10 million hectares of
land.
2. Australian Koalas
The Australian Koalas is herbivorous animals that are native to Australia. They are found
in coastal areas of New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria and South Australia. The IUCN
red list currently puts Australian Koala under Vulnerable Category.
3. Why were the bush fires severe?

The Indian Ocean Dipole was in its positive phase in 2019. This means, the eastern
Indian Ocean (lying in the north west of Australia) was cooler than the western Indian.
This drew away the moisture from Australia raising temperatures in Australia. The
westerlies blowing hot air into the continent increased the fires further fanning them.
108. ISRO to launch GSAT-30 satellite
On January 17, 2020, the Indian Space Research Organization will launch GSAT-30
satellite on the launch vehicle Ariane-5. It is to be launched in Ariane Launch Complex at
Kourou. Kourou is a French territory that if located along the north eastern coast of
South America.
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1. About the Mission
The GSAT-30 is a communication satellite. It is to replace INSAT-4A. The mission life of
GSAT-30 is 15 years. ISRO has designed GSAT-30 in such a way to increase the number
of transponders. A transponder is a device that transmits and responds to signals.
2. INSAT-4A
The Indian National Satellite System was a series of geostationary satellites that were
launched for telecommunications, meteorology, broadcasting and search and rescue
operations. The INSAT-4A was launched in 2005 mainly for communication purposes.
3. Ariane
Ariane Space is a commercial satellite launching organization that was founded in 1980.
Since then, it has launched 23 Indian satellites. APPLE Experimental was the first Indian
satellite to be launched by Ariane.
4. APPLE
APPLE was an experimental satellite launched by India in 1981. It was the first
experimental communication satellite of India. It was used for TV and radio
communications. It laid the foundation for the large satellite constellation of India that
included INSAT and GSAT series.
109. GoI: 6th Island Development Agency meeting held in New Delhi
On January 13, 2020, Home Minister Amit Shah chaired the sixth Island Development
Agency meeting in New Delhi. The meeting focused on “Green Development in the
Islands to reach new heights”
1. Highlights
The meeting reviewed the work progress of the programme, “Holistic Development of
Islands”. The Island Development Agency (IDA) has taken up scientifically assessed
sustainable development goals in order to improve growth of the Islands. This is the first
time such an initiative is being implemented. The scientific plans of development include
creation of jobs through tourism, increasing export of sea food, increasing coconut-based
products produced in the Islands. The plan is to be implemented in four islands of
Andaman and Nicobar Islands and five islands of Lakshadweep Islands.
2. Connectivity plans
It was also decided in the meeting that infrastructure projects to improve sea and air
connectivity with the islands are to be implemented. Also, the city of Port Blair and other
7 islands of Andaman and Nicobar Islands are to be digitally connected through
submarine optical fibre cable by June 2020.
3. LANIDS
It was also decided in the meeting that, under the Lakshadweep and Andaman and
Nicobar Islands Industrial Development Scheme, Information Technology based micro,
small and medium enterprises are to be set up.
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January 14, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
110. Statue of Unity included in 8 Wonders of SCO; SCO heads meet:

first time in India
The Statue of Unity that was inaugurated by PM Modi in October 2018 has been included
in 8 wonders of SCO (Shanghai Cooperation Organization). The statue was a
monumental tribute to Sardar Vallabhai Patel.
1. About the Statue

The Statue was inaugurated on the 143rd birth anniversary of Sardar Vallabhai Patel. It
is the world’s tallest statue. In one year, since its inauguration, it attracted 2.9 million
tourists and earned 82 crores of rupees.
2. What are the Eight Wonders?

The Wonders of SCO include archaeological and historical monuments of SCO. It includes
3. SCO Heads Meet

For the first time, India is hosting heads of Government meet of SCO countries. All the
government heads of eight SCO countries India, Russia, China, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan,
Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan will attend the meeting. However, there are
possibilities for Pakistan to skip the meet.
111. January 14: Armed Forces Veterans Day
Every year, Armed Forces Veterans Day is celebrated on January 14. The day is being
celebrated since 2017. The day was initially called Armistice Day.
1. Background
The Day began its journey as Armistice Day in order to reflect upon heroism of those
who died in country’s service. Armistice Day is celebrated on November 11 all over the
world. The first Armistice Day was celebrated on November 11, 1919 marking the
anniversary of the end of World War I and celebrating the brave soldiers who were part
of World War I. However, in India the day was first marked through a resolution passed
by the Congress in 1926.
2. Why November 11?

The Armistice Day was commemorated on November 11 to mark the armistice that was
signed between Allies of World war I and Germany.
3. Veterans Day
In 1954, the Armistice Day was changed to Veterans Day to honour the living legends of
all wars. Unlike Memorial Day, on armistice day, the world pays tribute to living veterans
who were part of the war.
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4. Armed Forces Veterans Day
The Armed Forces Veterans Day is celebrated from 2017. The fourth Army Forces
Veteran Day, 2020 is to be celebrated at National War Memorial. Chief of Army, Chief of
Navy and Chief of Air Force will be present in the function.
5. Why January 14?

Every year, January 14 is marked as Armed Forces Veteran Day as the Field Marshal KM
Cariappa, the first Commander-in-chief of Indian Armed Forces retired on the day.
112. Regulations of Drones in India hastened
On January 13, 2020, the Indian Aviation Ministry announced that registration of all
drones in the country is mandatory. The Ministry has given January 31, 2020 as deadline
for the users to register their drones.
1. Highlights
Every drone is to be provided with a Unique Identification Number (UIN) under the
scheme. GoI has opened an online portal called “digital sky” for the users to register
their drones. Upon registration, the users will be provided with UIN, Unmanned Aircraft
Operator Limit (UAOP), ownership acknowledgement number and Drone
acknowledgement number.
2. Legislation
The drone owners failing to register their drones will face actions under the Aircraft act,
1934 and Indian Penal Code. The aircraft act governs aviation in India.
3. Significance
According to the FICCI committee on drones, there are 50,000 to 60,000 illegal drones in
the country. Also, the latest drone tragedies across the world has forced the GoI to
hasten its actions towards regulation of drones.
113. Fuel Upgradation for Indian Navy
On January 13, 2020, the Ministry of Defence announces new fuel upgradation for Indian
Navy with revised technical specifications. The High Flash High Speed Diesel (HFHSD)
was launched. The aim of the new fuel introduction is to reduce carbon footprint.
1. Highlights
Indian Navy, one of the largest navies in the world in collaboration with Indian Oil
Corporation carried out several trials before concluding on HFHSD. The Joint
Collaboration studied the international regulations of MARPOL, NATO, ISO before
concluding on the revised technical specification. Around 22 test parameters were
considered. This included certain critical parameters such as flash point, cetane number,
sediment content, sulphur content, cold filter plugging point and oxidation stability.
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2. Significance
The upgrading of fuel is essential in order to keep pace with new technologies and
emission standards. This will also help other IOC customers and merchant mariners in
the following years. It will also benefit foreign Navy ships participating in exercises.
3. Critical Parameters of HFHSD

 Flash Point-Flash Point of the lowest temperature at which HFHSD can form an ignitable
mixture with air. Lower the flash point, easier is the ignition. The Flash Point of HFHSD is 66.
 Cetane Number-It is the number with which the performance of the fuel is measured. Higher
the number, better is the fuel performance. The Cetane number of HFHSD is 45.
 Cold Filter Plugging Point-the temperature at which the fuel passes through the standardised
filtration device. The Cold filter Plugging Point is yet to be updated in the report.
 Cold Filter Plugging Point-The lowest temperature at which the fuel passes through
standardised filtration device.
 Sulphur Content-the percentage of Sulphur (by mass) present in HFHSD. The Sulphur Content
of HFHSD is 0.2%
114. Retail Inflation at 5-year high of 7.35% in December, 2019
According to the data released by Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation

on January 13, 2020, the food inflation increased to 14.12% in December 2019 as
compared to 10.01% in November 2019. The CPI (consumer Price Index) rose to 7.35%
as compared to 5.54% the previous month. The inflation was increase was mainly due to
vegetables
1. Highlights
In December 2018, the food inflation was -2.65%. Vegetable inflation in urban areas
touched 75% and at the country sides it was at 53%. Onion inflation doubled as
compared to the previous month. It was 128% in November and it increased to 328% in
December.
2. Analysis
The soaring crude oil prices due to the increasing tensions between Iran and US is the
major reason. In the coming Budget, GoI is expected to increase its spending largely on
infrastructure and cut taxes. This might stoke inflation further.
3. RBI
For the first time, the inflation has breached RBI’s target inflation of 4% (±2%).
Predicting the situation, RBI had kept its policy interest rates on hold in its policy review
of December 2019.
4. Implications
As inflation increases, the following can be expected
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115. MoU between Railways and SBI for door step banking
On January 14, 2020, the South-Central Railways and SBI signed MoU to implement door
step banking in 585 railway stations
1. Highlights
The MoU will enable direct pick up of cash from all the railway stations included in the
MoU. Before the agreement, the earnings generated at the railway stations were
manually sent to nearest banks that were authorised to collect the deposit on behalf of
the Railways. This delayed the remittance of cash because of several factors such as
availability of man power, holidays, etc.
2. Major Benefits of the new system

The door step banking will provide uniform cash remittance mechanism in all the railway
stations. It will also provide real time information about the cash that is deposited by
different stations. This will enable increased accountability and also will help in better
supervision. This method will also avoid unwanted accumulation of cash at railway
stations.
3. Why not DBT?

The Direct Bank Transfer is not a feasible option at the moment. This is because there
are still persons in the interior parts of the country using cash to buy their tickets. Apart
from interior parts, cash is still used in urban areas to buy tickets as well.
116. Indian Railways: MoU with RailTel; Content on Demand Services to

raise non-fare revenue
The Indian Railways has signed MoU with the RailTel, a Mini Ratna Public Sector
Undertaking in order to implement Phase II of e-office programme. Also, the Indian
Railways is to provide content on demand services in premium, suburban, express and
mail trains.
1. MoU of E-Office
On January 13, 2020, the Indian Railways and RailTel signed an agreement to implement
the Phase 2 of E-office project. E-Office system is an integrated file management system
that will help employees manage data, content electronically. Under the new phase,
around 39,000 users are to be registered in 34 Railway divisions on the National
informatics Centre. The target is set to be completed by March 2020.
1.1. Phase I
The Phase I of the project aimed at registering 50,000 plus users in 58 stations by March
2020. However, the Indian Railways have completed the target well ahead of time.
1.2. National Informatics Centre

The National Informatics Centre was established in 1976. It operates under Ministry of
Electronics and Information Technology. It provides infrastructure to deliver Government
IT services and also the initiatives of Digital India.
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2. Content on Demand Services
In order to generate more non fare revenue, Indian Railways will soon create content-on-
demand in express, mail, suburban and express trains. The service is to be provided by
the RailTel unit of GoI. The project is to be implemented in 2 years.
117. Muppavarapu Venkaiah Naidu National Award to Prof M S

Swaminathan
On January 14, 2020, the Agricultural Scientist Prof M S Swaminathan was awarded the
“Muppavarapu Venenkaiah Naidu” National award. The award was also presented to Mr
Muniratnam. Mr Muniratnam was the first person to receive the award four days back.
1. Highlights
The professor was made the honours during Pongal celebrations at Raj Bhavan in
Chennai. The award carried cash prize of Rs 5 lakhs. During the celebrations, the
professor was titled as “Father of Green Revolution and the Doyen of Agricultural
Science”.
2. Muppavarapu foundation
Muppavarapu foundation is a non-profit organisation started by Mr Muppavarapu
Harshavardhan, son of Vice President Venkaiah Naidu. The organisation arranges
training on latest technologies. The trainings are predominantly offered in the fields of
horticulture, agriculture, animal husbandry, home science, fisheries, vermi culture and
mushroom culture.
3. M S Swaminathan
Mr Swaminathan is an Indian Geneticist. He played a major role in Green Revolution
programme of India. He has played the role of director general of ICAR (Indian Council of
Agricultural Research), director of IRRI (International Rice Research Institute) and
president of IUCN (International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural
Resources). He was a follower of Mahatma Gandhi.
118. January 15: IMD Foundation Day
On January 15, 2020, the IMD celebrates its 145th Foundation Day. It was begun in 1875.
The day will be celebrated by Ministry of Earth Science under which IMD (Indian
Meteorological Department) functions.
1. Recent Achievements of IMD

Around 5 observatories of IMD received recognition from World Meteorological
Organization (WMO). It includes Chennai, Mumbai, Pune, Thiruvananthapuram and
Panjim. They were recognised for their long-term observatory services of more than 100
years.
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2. Technological Advancements
In August 2019, CDES (Centralised Data Entry System) replaced DATEN9 software.
Around 91 observatory stations and 40 airports are using the system. It also provides
Agro-Meteorological Advisory services under PPP model providing weather conditions to
more than 40.2 million farmers.
3. IMD
It is the principle agency of GoI that makes weather forecasts, meteorological
observations and seismological observations. The headquarters of IMD is in Delhi. It
operates observatory station in India and in Antarctica. The major IMD centres are
located in Guwahati, Kolkata, Chennai, Mumbai, New Delhi and Nagpur.
January 15, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
119. National Draft Policy on Rare Diseases
On January 13, 2020, the Government of India released its National Draft Policy on rare
diseases. The policy has proposed one-time fund of Rs 15 lakhs to treat rare diseases
under Ayushman Bharat. The policy was drafted by Ministry of Health and Family
Welfare
1. Highlights
Under the policy, certain medical institutes will be certified as Centre of Excellence for
rare diseases. It includes AIIMS. New Delhi, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of
Medical Science, Lucknow, King Edward Medical Hospital, Mumbai and four others.
2. Key Features of the policy

 An inter-ministerial consultative committee is to be set up at national level. The committee
will be led by MoHFW.
 A patient registry of rare diseases is to be constituted under ICMR (Indian Council of Medical
Research).
 To create Administrative Committee that will develop guidelines to determine which rare
diseases to fund.
3. Concerns
There are 7,000 to 8,000 rare diseases. However, therapies are available only to less
than 5% diseases. So far, 450 rare diseases have been recorded in India.
4. Rare Diseases
The rare diseases that are included in the draft policy are Thalassemia, Haemophilia,
Primary Immuno deficiency in children, sickle cell anaemia, lysosomal storage disorders
such as Gaucher’s disease, Hirschsprung disease, Pompe disease, Hemangiomas, Cystic
Fibrosis.
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5. Committees appointed
The GoI had appointed three committees to frame the policy. The policy has been
framed based on the recommendations of the following committees
120. Annual Status of Education Report 2019
On January 14, 2020, the Non-Profit Organization Pratham released its annual report,
Annual Status of Education Report, 2019. The report is based on the survey conducted in
26 districts that covers 36,000 children in the age group of 4 to 8 years.
1. Key Findings of the report

 Number of girls enrolled in government schools is higher than number of boys. On the other
hand, number of boys enrolled in private institutions is higher than that of girls
 The report says that around 56.8% of girls and 50.4% of boys are enrolled in government
schools.
 In the age group of 6-8 years, 61.1% of girls and 52.1% of boys were enrolled in government
institutions.
 According to RTE act, 2009 (Right to Education act), children should enter Class I at the age
of 6. But according to the report, 4 out of every 10 children entering Class I are less than 5
years old.
2. Suggestions of the report

 The existing network of Anganwadi Centres should be strengthened and expanded.
 Early language, numeracy, social and emotional learning tasks are closely related to age of
the children. Therefore, it is mandatory to put children into primary grades at the right age.
121. WHO releases Global Health Challenges for 2020
Every year, the World Health Organization releases list of Global Health Challenges of
the forth coming year. This year, on January 13, 2020, the organization had released the
top global health challenges for the year.
1. Global Health Challenges

The list included 13 potential threats. The foremost threat was Anti-Microbial Resistance
(AMR) and climate crisis. The 2 threats have been on the top for the previous year, 2019
as well. The report says around 7 million people are affected because of climate change.
Climate change has increased malnutrition and is fueling the spread of infectious
diseases such as malaria. The other threats that have topped the list includes influenza
epidemic and spread of infectious diseases such as HIV, malaria and tuberculosis.
2. Other Threats
The threats are not only diseases-related. It also includes other threats such as social
media, infrastructure, human resources and new technologies. The misinformation about
diseases in social media is a major threat as it is spread false fears among people. Also,
delivering health care in conflict ridden areas is also the biggest challenge according to
WHO.
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122. New Rules to sell hallmarked gold Artifacts
On January 14, 2020, the GoI announced that Indian jewellers shall be allowed to sell
hallmarked gold artifacts that are made of 14, 18 and 22 carat gold alone. Also, it is
mandatory for all jewellers to get compulsory hallmark. Currently gold hallmarking is
voluntary. The mandatory ruling is to be implemented from January 15, 2021.
1. Highlights
The Government has introduced new ruling that violation of hall marking will result in
one-year imprisonment and a fine. The jewellers have been given one-year time to
arrange hallmarking according to the Bureau of Indian Standards.
2. Hall Mark
Hall marking is the level of purity certification awarded by the Bureau of Indian
Standards (BIS). The BIS Hallmark has a triangular mark, logo of the producer and year
of manufacturing of the product. It is essential to make hall marking mandatory to curb
frauds and fake gold.
3. Current Scenario in India

Currently in India, only 28,849 jewellers have BIS registration. According to World Gold
Council, the gold import of India was 496.11 tonnes in 2019.
4. Karat of Gold
The purity of gold is measured in karat of gold. 100% pure gold is called 24 Karat gold.
22 Karat gold is 91.6% pure and hence the name 916 hallmark in gold jewelleries.
123. GoI launches Saksham, a mega campaign on fuel conservation
The Petroleum Conservation Research Association (PCRA) operating under Ministry of

Petroleum and Natural Gas will launch fuel conservation campaign on January 16, 2020.
1. Highlights
The campaign will create awareness among public about fuel conservation. PCRA has
been conducting Saksham campaigns in different parts of the country. This year, the
campaign will create awareness about the following
2. Previous Achievements of PCRA campaigns

The most successful Saksha campaign of PCRA was recently conducted on switching off
of engines at red light in traffic signals. This helped to reduce fuel losses by 22% before
and after the campaign.
3. PCRA
PCRA is engaged in promotion of energy efficient programmes in different sectors of the
country. It sponsors R&D activities to develop fuel efficient equipment. The major aim of
the agency is to make oil conservation a national movement.
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124. First digital exhibition on Indian Heritage inaugurated
On January 15, 2020, the State of Culture and Tourism minister launched a month long
exhibition on Indian Heritage in New Delhi. The exhibition was launched in digital space
and will stay online till February 15, 2020.
1. Highlights
This exhibition is first of its kind in the country. The visitors of the exhibition will find
architectural and conjectural reconstructions, recreations of socio-cultural traditions and
life of Hampi and also many more murals. Through this, the exhibition will take heritage
to wider population. It has overcome the barrier that heritage was restricted only to
research. When the reach of significance of heritage increases, accountability of citizens
increases. This will help to protect age old structures and monuments in a better way.
2. Indian Heritage in Digital Space (IHDS)

The technologies used to create the models of Heritages were developed by the IHDS
programme. IHDS is an initiative of Department of Science and Technology, that aims to
create 3D LASER scan data, holographic projections, AR and 3D fabrication to showcase
glory of heritages. It has so far created reconstruction of Hampi and other five Indian
monuments namely Taj Mahal, Sun Temple, Kashi Vishwanath Temple, Ramachandra
Temple and RaniKiVav Patan.
January 16, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
125. January 15: Indian Army Day
On January 15, 2020, India celebrated its 72nd Army Day. It is being celebrated every
year to honour soldiers who sacrificed their lives for the country. The Army Day Parade
was held at the Parade Ground in Delhi Cantonment as a part of the celebrations. It is
important to remember such great soldiers as they serve with the motto “Service before
Self”
1. Highlights
On January 15, the first General of Indian Army General K M Cariappa took charge in
1949. The transfer of power from British to India is being celebrated on the day in the
form of parades. The power was transferred to Mr Cariappa from the last British General
Bucher.
2. First Woman Officer

In 2020, Tania Sher Gill became the first woman Army Officer to lead the parade. She led
an all-men contingent at the parade. She joined the army in 2017. In 2019, Captain
Bhavna Kasturi became the first woman officer to lead an all men contingent during the
Republic Day celebrations.
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126. WEF: Global Risks Report, 2020
On January 15, 2020, the World Economic Forum released its Global Risks Report. Under
the report, the Forum has identified the global risks.
1. Top Risks
The top 5 Global risks according to the report are as follows
2. Top Highlights of the Report

The Report has listed 5 top risks in the terms of Likelihood and in terms of Impact. The
global risks in terms of likelihood includes extreme weather, climate action failure,
natural disasters, biodiversity losses and human-made environmental disasters. For the
first time in the history of the report, all the five risks of likelihood is climate-related.
127. RAISINA DIALOGUE: Ind-Fin MoU; Russia on India’s UNSC

membership and Indo-Pacific
The Raisina Dialogue was held at New Delhi for four days recently. Leaders from several
countries participated in the dialogue. It included foreign ministers from 13 countries
including Iran, Australia and Russia. During the Raisina Dialogue, India and Finland
signed a defence agreement. Also, Russia announced that it supports India for the
latter’s permanent membership at the UNSC (United Nations Security Council)
1. Russia at Raisina Dialogue
1.1. Indo-Pacific
Russia at the Raisina Dialogue questioned the idea of “Indo-Pacific”. It said that the
concept of Indo-Pacific is divisive. Russia also believes that the concept of Indo-Pacific
isolates China and also aims to move away from ASEAN centred building model.
1.2. UNSC Membership

Russia at the Raisina Dialogue also announced that it backs India for the latter’s
permanent UNSC membership. Along with India, Brazil is also seeking permanent
membership from UNSC. Russia extended its support to Brazil as well.
2. India-Finland
On the sidelines of the Raisina Dialogue, India and Finland signed a Defence MoU. The
agreement aimed to increase cooperation between the countries in terms of
procurement, production, R&D of Defence related equipment. The agreement was under
discussion between the countries since DefExpo 2018. It has now been formalized to run
up to DefExpo 2020. The talks for the agreement was initiated by PM Modi at the first
India-Nordic Summit held at Stockholm.
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3. India-Nordic Summit
The Nordic countries are the countries in Northern Europe and North Atlantic. It mainly
includes Finland, Denmark, Iceland, Sweden and Norway. At the India-Nordic Summit,
the areas of economic growth, global security, climate change and innovation were
focused.
128. Henley Passport Index launched
Recently, Henley Passport Index was launched. The index was launched based on the
data collected from International Air Transport Association (IATA). Around 199 different
passports and 227 different travel destinations were considered to launch the index.
1. Highlights
According to the index, Japan has the world’s strongest passport. Japan has been holding
top rank position for the past 3 years. According to 2020 index, the citizens can access
191 destinations without the necessity of obtaining visa in advance.
2. History of performances
UAE was the historic performer of Henley Passport Index 2020. UAE has jumped 47
places in the past 10 years. It is currently at 47th position.
3. Visa Free Destinations

There are 58 destinations in the world that does not require prior Visa. 20 of the 58 are
in Africa, 11 in Asia.
4. What is Passport Index?

Passport index is an online tool that provides insights about visa-free travel option. The
score also says how welcoming the countries are. The Passport index includes Visa-Frees
score, World Openness score, Welcoming score and Global Mobility score. When these
scores are high, passport index is also high and such a passport is said to be highly
powerful.
January 17, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
129. First Session of India-Norway Dialogue held in New Delhi
Between January 15, 2020 and January 16, 2020, the first session of India-Norway trade
and investment dialogue was held in New Delhi. It was the first meeting of the countries
after they signed an agreement in 2019.
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1. Highlights
India and Norway signed Dialogue of Trade and Investment when Norway Prime Minister
visited India in 2018. Based on the agreement, the countries held their first meeting to
discuss industrial trade. The discussions included on various areas such as renewable
energy, ICT, fisheries, MSME, maritime, shipping. The countries exchanged their views
on investment opportunities.
2. Significance
At every bilateral meeting, it is important to involve the industries and their clusters as
this would help in understanding and exchanging the dynamics.
3. India-Norway
The trade between India and Norway was 1127 million USD in 2014. It is far less as
compared to its potential. There are 100 Norwegian companies that have invested in
India. It includes hydropower, clean energy, petroleum related services, drilling
equipment, etc.
4. Himadri-Polar Research Station

India, in 2008, opened its first Arctic Research Station in Norway. It is called Himadri. The
main research of the station is on food-web dynamics, space weather, aerosol radiation,
glaciers, microbial communities, carbon recycling and sedimentology.
5. IndARC
IndARC is the first underwater observatory of India in the Arctic Region. It is midway
between Norway and North Pole. The observatory aims to study Arctic climate and how it
influences the monsoon.
130. “Globalizing Indian Thought”, an International Conclave held at

Kozhikode
On January 17, 2020, the International Conclave on “Globalizing Indian Thought” was
held in IIM, Kozhikode. PM Modi addressed the conclave. The conclave aimed at
revealing India’s thoughts in becoming one of top three economies of the world.
1. Highlights
India is stepping towards the goal of becoming a 5 trillion Dollar economy by 2025. This
will make India one of the top three economies in the world after US and China. It is
essential for India to reveal its path while it is achieving such goals. The Conclave is an
initiative to achieve this.
2. Significance
The Conclave is important as it reveals India and its path towards development to the
global market. Ethically, it is important to choose the right path of development. With
the world marching towards development, it is important to get hold of traditional routes
to sustain mankind. The conclave is important to convey this message to the world. The
Conclave also offers opportunities to thinkers across different professions to converge
their ideas into creative platforms.
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131. Food Processing Summit held in Ladakh
On January 16, 2020, the Department of Industries and Commerce, functioning under
Ministry of Food Processing Industries organized food processing summit in Ladakh. The
other stakeholders of the summit include Invest India and National Investment
Promotion and Facilitation agency.
1. Highlights
The Summit was attended by food producers of Ladakh. It included producers of milk,
barley, meat, organic vegetables, apples and apricots. The Ladakh Action Plan for Food
Processing to promote food processing was presented at the summit.
2. Current Scenario
Though Ladakh has the potential for growing cereals, vegetables and food grains,
agriculture has now taken back seat in the rapid growth of the region. Agriculture has
lost its place to the growing tourism in the region. Also, the other reasons for decreased
participation of agricultural activities include low cropping intensity, short agriculture
season and less productivity.
3. Government measures
The Government of India has been focusing on the following to develop agriculture in the
region
132. Historic Bru-Reang Refugee agreement signed-34,000 displaced to

settle in Tripura
On January 17, 2020, Government of India, Bru-Reang representatives, Government of

Tripura and Mizoram signed an agreement in New Delhi to end the refugee crisis of Bru-
Reang community. Home Minister Amit Shah presided over the event.
1. Highlights
Under the agreement, around 34,000 Bru Refugees are to settle in Tripura. The Centre
will offer their rehabilitation helps with an allocated budget of Rs 600 crores. With this,
the refugees are now eligible to enjoy social welfare schemes of state and central
governments.
2. What is the issue?

Due to ethnic tension in 1997, around 5,000 families of 30,000 Bru-Reang tribes were
forced out of Mizoram to seek shelter in Tripura. In 2010, GoI began its efforts to
permanently rehabilitate them as they constantly demanded to settle in Tripura. In
2018, GoI signed an agreement with the State Governments of Tripura and Mizoram in
order to help the families and increase the aid substantially.
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3. Bru-Reang Tribes
The Bru Tribes are locally called Reang and hence the name Bru-Reang. They are ethnic
tribes living in India, Laos, Vietnam and Thailand. They speak Katuic language. They
believe in Animism religion and some others believe in Buddhism. The Bru-Reang are
one of the 21 ethnic tribes of Tripura that are included int the Scheduled Tribe list. Some
of them are Tibeto-Burmese origin.
133. India-World Bank sign 88 million USD to implement Assam Inland

Water Transport Project
On January 16, 2020, the Government of Assam, Government of India and World Bank
signed 88 million USD agreement. The agreement aims to modernize Assam’s Ferry
transport service on the Brahmaputra river.
1. Highlights
There are over 361 ferry routes across Brahmaputra river in Assam. These routes act as
a crucial means of transport to 1000s of commuters in both rural and urban areas of the
valley.
2. Inland Waterways
Around 15 waterways are operating in Assam. They operate on rivers such as Barak,
Beki, Lohit, Doyang, Kopili, Subansiri, Aai, Dihing, Dikihow, Puthimari, Gangadhar,
Jinjiram and Tiwang. It is important to develop these water ways as they are connected
to Bay of Bengal through the Brahmaputra and will help increase exports of locally
produced goods of north east. The IBP (India-Bangladesh Protocol), National Waterway-2
that was recently launched in November 2019 makes this possible. Assam Inland Water
Transport Development is the implementing authority of these routes.
134. Sahyog-Kaijin-India-Japan joint exercise for Coast Guards
On January 16, 2020, India and Japan took part in a joint exercise called “Sahyog-Kaijin”.
The exercise was held between the coastal guards of the countries at Chennai Port.
1. Highlights
The Japanese ship Ehigo and 4 ships of Indian Coast Guard participated in the exercise.
The coast guards conducted the scenario of capture of a hijacked ship and rescue of
crew in a joint operation. They also demonstrated search and rescue operations and
displayed their fire-fighting skills.
2. Significance
The exercise is important for the countries to handle piracy in the Indian Ocean region.
Also, both the countries being part of the Quad grouping, it is important for them to
refresh their skills, learning from each other and stay connected to ease operations at
sea.
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3. Other exercises
Apart from Coastal Guard Exercises, Indian and Japan hold other military exercises as
well. The “Shinyuu Maitri”is the joint Air Force Exercise that was held in October 2019 for
the first time.
135. Bangladesh: Regularly submerging Island to house 100,000

Rohingya refugees
The Bangladesh Government has planned to accommodate 100,000 Rohingya refugees

in its Bhasan Char Island.
1. Highlights
The island, Bhasan Char that is regularly submerged in water during monsoon has been
fortified with embankments and flood protection to relocate Rohingyas here. However,
the date of relocation has not been announced. Hospitals, mosques and houses have
been built. There are more than 700,000 Rohingyas that fled to Bangladesh from
Myanmar as the latter began ethnic cleansing of Rohingyas in their country.
2. Bhasan Char
The Island is also known as Hatiya Upazila. It is located at 37 miles from the coast. The
Island has been fortified with Himalayan silt in 2006. It is under water between June and
September due to monsoon rains. This is because Bangladesh is a low-lying Delta
country formed by the two unification of two mighty Himalayan rivers Ganges and
Brahmaputra.
3. Criticizations
The United Nations Refugee Agency termed the move of the Bangladeshi government as
logistically challenging. Several other organizations like the Human Rights Watch
criticized the move as humanitarian disaster.
4. India
India has been deporting Rohingyas to Myanmar. In 2017, the Union Ministry announced
that there are around 40,000 Rohingyas living in India. Around 16,000 of them have
been registered under United Nations as Refugees. They are spread across Delhi,
Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, Haryana and Tamil Nadu.
136. Winged Raider: Indian Army’s largest airborne exercise-500 troops

participate
The Indian Army recently conducted the largest air borne exercise called the Winged
Raider. Around 500 troops participated in the exercise. The exercise was conducted in
the north-eastern theatre.
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1. Highlights
The exercise was conducted to demonstrate the operational readiness of the
paratroopers and air warriors. The C-130 Hercules, Dhruv Helicopters and C-17 globe
master transport aircraft participated in the exercise.
2. Significance
The Army is preparing itself to act against threats posed by China. Indian Army is also
developing infrastructure in the Eastern borders. These exercises help to self-assess the
readiness of the troops. The exercise will also help army to rebalance its western and
northern fronts.
3. Him Vijay
Similar exercise called Him Vijay was conducted in Arunachal Pradesh in October 2019. It
was a mountain combat exercise. The exercise tested the Integrated Battle Groups (IBG)
in Indian army. The IBG consists of tanks, infantry, air defence, logistics and signals. The
IBG is a restructure combat tactics of Indian Army. This helps to meet emerging threats
in the Eastern borders.
137. National Information Centre sets up Centre of Block Chain

Technology in Bengaluru
On January 18, 2020, the National Informatics Centre (NIC) will set up block chain
technology centre in Bengaluru. The centre is to be inaugurated by Union Minister Shri
Ravi Shankar Prasad.
1. Highlights
The centre aims to provide Block Chain as service to all the stake holders who are
interested in shared experiences, learning and resources. The centre will share its block
chain-based proof of concepts with selected government entities. The centre will also act
to help different wings of the government understand the potential of the technology.
2. NIC
National Informatics Centre has always been the premier technology advisor and also a
pioneer in introducing technologies such as National Knowledge Network, NICNET, etc. It
was founded in 1976. NIC operating under Ministry of Electronic and Information
Technology helps government in embracing Information Technology. Since 1990s. It is
also helping to disseminate E-Governance to the citizens.
3. National Knowledge Network

It is a project that aims to create robust network for the country. It integrates
multidisciplinary research and development by acting as a communication platform. The
network aims to connect all the universities, libraries, research institutes, laboratories,
agricultural institutions and health care across the country.
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January 18, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
138. NITI Aayog and Ladakh UT sign MoU to develop Infrastructure

projects
On January 17, 2020, NITI Aayog and Ladakh Union Territory signed a Memorandum of
Understanding. According to the agreement, NITI Aayog will support the administration
of the Ladakh through its initiative “Development Support Services to States for
Infrastructure Projects” (DSSS)
1. Highlights
NITI Aayog will identify high-impact projects. It will expedite project implementations,
create unique models of development and will identify high-impact priority projects. A
team of experts associated with NITI Aayog are to be stationed in Ladakh to identify and
develop the territory. The team will predominantly focus on solar energy, tourism and
basic infrastructure.
2. What are DSSS projects of NITI Aayog?

The main objective of DSSS projects is creating PPP (Public Private Partnership) projects.
In 2018, phase I of the project was completed. In phase I, 10 projects were selected from
400 projects that were submitted by the states. In phase II, that was completed in the
year 2018-19, the selected projects entered transaction stage. Preparation activities
were carried out. The think tank also created techno-economic feasibility report.
139. “APNA UREA-SonaUgle” brand of HURL launched-To increase Urea

Production
The APNA UREA-SonaUgle brand of HURL (Hindustan Urvarak & Rasayan Limited) was
launched by the Union Minister of Chemicals and Fertilizers Shri D V Sadananda Gowda.
1. Recent developments in Urea Production

In order to make India self-sufficient in Urea, the Union Government approved revival of
three Urea plants located in Sindri, Gorakhpur and Barauni. The other two major fertilizer
plants at Talcher and Ramagundam are also to be reopened. With these measures GoI
projects that the annual production of Urea is to increase by 63.5 lakh metric tonnes per
annum.
2. What is HURL?
HURL is a joint venture of Indian Maharatna companies namely IOCL (Indian Oil
Corporation Limited), NTPC (National Thermal Power Corporation) and Coal India Limited.
The objective of HURL is to make India self-reliant in Urea. The following are the targets
set for HURL
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3. Current Scenario of Urea Production
According to National Urea Policy 2015, there are totally 31 Urea producing plants in
India. Out of these, 28 units Natural Gas as feedstock. The rest of the units use Naphtha
as feedstock.
4. Concerns
The production of urea is water consuming process. The current annual water
consumption of urea manufacturing plants as of June 2019 is 191 million cubic metres.
Some of the urea plants in India are yet to abide the 2003 Corporate Responsibility for
Environment Protection Guidelines, 2003 that was issued by CPCB (Central Pollution
Control Board).
140. Russia: Production of S-400 missiles begins; China-India-Russia

meet in March 2020
On January 17, 2020, Russia announced that the production of S-400 air defence missile
system for India has begun. The missiles are to be delivered by 2025. Russia also
announced that the foreign Ministerial meet of Russia, India and China is to be held in
March 2020.
1. Highlights: Missiles
The upgraded version of the S-400 missiles that were previously available only to
Russian forces are to be delivered to India by 2025.
2. China, Russia and India

China was the third country in the world to hold S-400 missiles after Russia and Belarus.
India was the fourth country to possess S 400 missiles only after China. Also, it has been
announced that China will be the first country to get S500 missile system from Russia.
3. S500
The S500 missile is still under development and testing phase in Russia. S500 is very
much similar to the US THAAD (Terminal High Altitude Area Defence) system. S500 is a
surface to air missile system with a range of 600 km.
4. China-India-Russia meet
Russia also announced that the foreign ministers of China, India and Russia is to be held
in March 2020. This is the 17th time the ministers of the countries are meeting. Russia is
also keen that Kashmir issue will not be brought up at the meet.
5. Kashmir issue and UNSC

China has lately been raising the Kashmir issue and abrogation of Article 370 in global
organizations. Recently, China tried to bring up the Kashmir issue at the UNSC (United
Nations Security Council) through a closed-door meet. However, 15-member body voted
against China and the issue couldn’t be brought for discussion. China had earlier tried to
conduct similar closed-door discussions in August 2019 and couldn’t succeed.
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141. Amazon to invest 1 billion USD in India; Create 1 million jobs
On January 17, 2020, one of the world’s largest retailer Amazon announced that it has
planned to invest 1 billion USD in India and generate 1 million jobs. Globally Amazon has
increased its employee base four times.
1. Highlights
The retailer has been constantly facing rage of the small and medium enterprises in
India for its discounts. In order to involve small and medium businesses, a mega summit
called the smBhav was organized by Amazon in the capital on January 14, 2020. Around
3000 small and medium entrepreneurs attended the summit.
2. Analysis
According to the National E-Commerce Policy, 2019, the Indian E-Commerce market is
estimated to reach 200 billion USD by 2026. As India is one of the largest markets in the
world, the foreign E-Commerce giants are competing with each other to capture Indian
market. This 1 trillion USD and smBhav moves of Amazon are best examples.
3. Legislation
The principal legislation that is governing e-commerce in India is the IT act.
142. J&K Development: Rs 2000 crore for Z-Morh Tunnel; 36 Union

Ministers’ visit
After Abrogation of Article 370, Government of India is rapidly working on developing the
territories of Ladakh and Jammu Kashmir. In order to hasten the process, 36 Union
Ministers are to visit the Union Territory. Also, the concession agreement for the Z-Morh
tunnel was signed on January 17, 2020.
1. Highlights
A concession agreement to complete the 6.5 kilo metre Z-Morh Tunnel was signed.
According to the agreement, a two-lane bi-directional tunnel is to be constructed at a
cost of Rs 2000 crores. A parallel escape tunnel is to be completed in 3.5 years. The
tunnel will open NH-1 Srinagar-Sonmarg-Gumri highway throughout the year. The
highway is seldom closed in winter due to snow.
2. About the Tunnel

The tunnel is capable of allowing 1,000 vehicles an hour at a speed of 80 km per hour.
The Tunnel construction process began in 2012. Border Road Organization (BRO) was
the previous implementation agency of the project. The project was however transferred
to IL&FS in 2016. In 2019, on request of IL&FS due its financial crisis, the project was
foreclosed. NHIDCL (National Highway and Infrastructure Development Corporation)
invited for a new concessionaire through bidding process. APCO won the contract and is
to complete the balance work.
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3. Visit of 36 Union Ministers
All the union ministers are to pay a visit to Jammu and Kashmir. The aim of the visit is to
spread information about the policies of the Union Government towards the
development of J&K. This will help to win hope and trust of the people of Jammu and
Kashmir.
143. Tuberculosis: India renames its programme; WHO endorses India

developed tech-TrueNAt MTB
On January 17, 2020, Government of India renamed its National TB Control Programme
to National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme. Also, the WHO (World Health
Organization) recently endorsed on technology developed by Indian scientists to detect
the disease called TrueNat MTB in terms of accuracy.
1. Renaming
GoI has renamed the programme to National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme. The
name change is in line with the goal of India in eliminating the disease by 2025. This is
five years ahead of the goal of United Nations Sustainable Development target.
2. TRueNat MTB
The TrueNat test a new molecular test that can diagnose Tuberculosis in one hour. The
test uses polymerase chain reaction to detect bacteria. The device that conducts the
test is battery operated.
3. India’s plans
The TrueNat MTB kit is to be available at community health centres as a first step.
Slowly, it is to be extended to the primary health centres as well. There are around
5,500 to 6,000 primary health centres in the country.
4. Leprosy and Polio

Previously renaming was also done for leprosy and polio programmes. In 1983, National
Control Programme was renamed to National Leprosy Eradication Programme. Also, in
case of Polio, National Programme for Control of Polio myelitis was renamed to Polio
eradication Programme.
144. Firsts of Census 2021: Cereals eaten, transgender run houses
For the first time, the Census will collect data of transgenders headed houses. Also, the
census will enquire about “Main cereal”, which is also included for the first time in the
history of census of India.
1. Highlights
The Census 2021 is to ask 31 questions to the citizens. For the first time of Indian
history, the following are to be included
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2. What are the questions asked?
During the Census 2021, the following questions are to be asked to the citizens
3. Previous Census
The 2011 census clubbed the employment of transgender, their caste and literacy under
“Males” category.
145. Industrial Meet of ‘Wings India’-Asia’s largest Civil Aviation Event

held at Bengaluru
On January 18, 2020, the Industrial meet of the Asia’s largest Civil Aviation was held in
Bengaluru. The Civil Aviation event is to be held at Begumpet airport, Hyderabad in
March 2020. The theme of the event will be
1. Highlights
The Industrial Meet was held at Bengaluru as the city is the IT Capital of India and has
the potential to become an Aviation Capital of the country. The aim of the meet is to
unite all the regulators and facilitators of the aviation sector. It was announced at the
event that GoI has planned to set up a world class training facility for astronauts and
pilots together.
2. Aviation Sector in India

India is the third largest domestic civil aviation market in the world. Also, it is the second
fastest aviation industry in the world. Currently, India ranks 9 in terms of the civil
aviation market.
3. Targets set for aviation sector


India aims to become the third largest aviation market globally by 2024
The number of Indian carriers is to be increased to 1,100 by 2027
The freight traffic at the airports of India is to cross 11.4 MT by 2032.
 India aims to become the third largest aviation market globally by 2024
 The number of Indian carriers is to be increased to 1,100 by 2027
 The freight traffic at the airports of India is to cross 11.4 MT by 2032.
4. Government measures
The GoI has taken several measures to improve the sector. It includes permitting 100%
FDI in sea planes, helicopter services, group handling services and non-scheduled air
transport services
146. ELECRAMA-Indian Electrical Industry Showcase inaugurated
On January 18, 2020, the ELECRAMA 2020 was held in Noida. The event showcases
innovations and achievements of Indian Electrical Industry
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1. Significance
The “ELECRAMA” platform is organized by Indian Electrical and Electronics
Manufacturers’ Association (IEEMA). It is supported by other ministries such as ministry
of renewable energy, power, MSME (Micro Small and Medium Enterprises). It acts a
platform to connect Indian industries with the world. The event also helps the world
leaders share their ideas and develop cost effective solutions.
2. About the event

The ELECRAMA is one of the flagship events of Indian electrical industry. It brings
complete package of solutions to every power problem. It includes transmission,
generation, distribution, renewables, power electronics, electro mobility, power storage
and automation.
3. Electrical Energy in India

India is the third largest producer and consumer of electricity. The National Grid of the
country has the capacity of 368.79 GW as of December 2019. Of this 41.16% is used for
industrial purposes, 24.76% is used for residential purposes, 17.69% is used for
agricultural purposes and commercial sector consumes 8.24% of the total electrical
energy generated in the country.
147. GoI launches “Seismic Hazard Microzonation” to minimize

earthquake disasters
The Ministry of Earth Science has launched Seismic Hazard Microzonation project in
major cities of India. The project aims to reduce hazards of seismic activities by putting
in adequate measures
1. What is Seismic Hazard Microzonation?

It is the process of dividing earth quake prone areas based on certain factors. The
factors include geological and geophysical characteristics of sites. They are ground
shaking, landslide, liquefaction susceptibility, rock fall hazard and flooding caused due to
earth quakes. Based on the division, mitigation measures are prepared. Hence, it is a
preventive method to minimise the losses.
2. Microzonation in India
So far, the mapping has been done in the State of Sikkim and in other eight cities. The
cities are Delhi, Bengaluru, Kolkata, Guwahati, Jabalpur, Dehra Dun, Ahmedabad and
Gandhidham.
3. Japan
Japan is the best example where microzonation techniques are well implemented. The
Civil engineering practice in Japan is based on microzonation laws. This helps to design
infrastructure with seismic resilience.
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4. Need
The technique gives better mitigatory measures as it helps to understand the impact of
seismic activities precisely. In certain places, where no reliable prediction model can be
implemented, it is essential to adopt preventive measures.
January 19, 2020
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148. World Gold Council report: RBI ranks 6th in buying gold abroad
The World Gold Council (WGC) recently released its report, “World Gold Outlook 2020”.
The report says that gold has performed the best since 2010 in 2019. In 2019, the gold
trade in USD has increased by 18.4% as compared to 2010.
1. Highlights: India
According to the WGC, RBI (Reserve Bank of India) currently holds 625.2 tonnes of gold.
This is 6.6% of the country’s foreign exchange. With this, India ranks sixth in the world
among other central banks.
2. Highlights: World
The other 5 countries that have bought more gold than India include China, Russia,
Kazakhstan, Turkey and Poland. The Exchange Traded Funds (ETF) of institutional
investors were the second largest buyers of gold in 2019. The report predicts that they
will continue to buy more gold in 2020 as well.
3. World Gold Council

The WGC is a market development organization. The headquarters of WGC is located in
London. The offices of WGC are located in China, India, US and Singapore. The WGC
office in India is located in Mumbai.
149. Myanmar-China sign 33 deals of BRI: Increases China’s ease of

access of Indian Ocean
On January 18, 2020, China and Myanmar signed 33 new deals under BRI (Belt and Road
Initiative) to implement China-Myanmar Economic Corridor. Also, a concession
agreement was signed by he countries to implement the deep seaport project called
Kyaukphyu Special Economic Zone.
1. Highlights
The agreements were signed to strengthen the collaboration in infrastructure sector that
includes rail connectivity, roads and power interconnection projects. However, the
controversial Myitsone dam project that is backed by China was not discussed.
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2. India’s Concerns
The project allows China to have easy of access to Indian Ocean. This is because this
route bypasses Strait of Malacca through which China imports most of its oil
requirements. Strait of Malacca connects Andaman Sea and South China Sea. This route
is on the international boundary and is far from India’s territories as compared to the
Myanmar route. With China of Ease of access to Indian Ocean, India has to strengthen its
Navy to safeguard its interests in the region. Also, Indian Navy is already witnessing
increased Chinese presence in the IOR.
3. Myitsone Dam
The project was proposed across Irawaddy river. It was suspended and the Chinese tried
to revive it at an estimated cost of 3.6 billion USD. The project is controversial as it is
located at a 60-mile distance from the Sagaing fault line.
January 20, 2020
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150. K-4 Nuclear capable Underwater missile test fired by India
On January 19, 2020, India test fired K4, a 3,500 km range nuclear capable missile
successfully. The missile is meant for Arihant-class submarines. Arihant is the first
indigenously manufactured nuclear submarine.
1. Highlights
The K4 missile was test fired from the East Coast of Andhra Pradesh from an underwater
pontoon. India already operates Submarine Launched Ballistic Missile, K-15. However,
the range of K-15 is limited to 750 km. The other under water missile being developed
by India is BO-5, whose range is 700-km. India has also begun its research on K-5 whose
target is 5,000 km.
2. K series missiles
The K-4 is an intermediate-range submarine launched ballistic missile. The K-series
missiles are named after former president APJ Abdul Kalam. They are much faster than
Agni missiles. The other K-series missiles are K-15, K-5 and K-6. The K-5 and K-6 are
under development by DRDO.
3. India’s Nuclear Arsenal

India, today, holds 130 to 140 nuclear weapons. It holds 8,300 kg of plutonium that is
capable of producing 1000 more nuclear weapons.
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151. National Ganga Mission Begins Conservation of wet lands along the
Ganges
The National Mission of Clean Ganga (NMCG) has taken up the initiative under Namami
Gange Project to conserve wetlands of the Ganges basin. The primary aim of Namami
Gange project is to rejuvenate the river by increasing its flow. It also includes recharging
aquifers and conservation of wetlands.
1. Highlights
The NMCG along with the State Wetland authorities will identify and prepare plans in
conserving wetlands.
2. Conditions of Wetlands along Ganges

Some of the wetlands are degraded through the drainage, landfill and over exploitation.
For instance, the recently closed Sisamau Nala drainage in Kanpur contaminated the
underground water and also river ecosystem in the region.
3. Significance of Wetlands
The wetlands provide nutrient recycling, flood and drought mitigation, surface and
groundwater recharge.
4. Wetland Conservation
Ramsar Convention is an intergovernmental treaty that was established in 1971 by
UNESCO. It is a treaty that was signed for the conservation of wetlands. There are 27
Ramsar sited in India.
5. Steps of India
India differentiates its wetlands into 8 categories based on their regional presence. It
includes Deccan Plateau in the south, saline expanses in Rajasthan, Gulf of Kutch and
Gujarat, delta wetlands of India’s East Coast, lakes and rivers in mountain regions of
Ladakh and Kashmir, marshes and swamps in northeast India and Himalayan foothills
and mangroves of Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
152. National Immunization Day observed in India
On January 19, 2020, the National Immunization Day (NID) was observed all over India
as a part of Pulse Polio Programme, 2020. Around 17.4 crore children of age less than 5
hears were administered polio drops to sustain polio eradication in India.
1. Highlights
India has eradicated polio completely in 2012. In order to sustain the eradication, GoI
organizes Pulse Polio immunization campaigns on the standards set by World Health
Organization (WHO). The next round of National Immunization Day is to be held in March
10.
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2. National Immunization Day
The National Immunization Day are one of the four strategies that are recommended by
the WHO to eradicate polio completely. According to WHO, the NID has to be conducted
twice a year at a gap of 2 to 4 weeks.
3. What are IPV and OPV?

IPV is a wild-type poliovirus strain that is administered in combination of other vaccines.
It includes Diptheria, pertussis, tetanus, haemophilus, hepatitis B and influenza.
153. India to set up Maritime Research Coordination Centre in Sri Lanka
On January 19, 2020, Indian National Security Advisor (NSA) Ajit Doval met Sri Lankan
President Gotbaya Rajpaksa. He discussed setting up of maritime research coordination
centre in the country. The establishment of research centre is important to learn
maritime activities in the Indian Ocean Region.
1. Highlights
The Sri Lankan President and the Indian NSA discussed improving bilateral relations and
also to strengthen cooperation between the armed forces of the countries. India recently
extended military assistance of 50 million USD to Sri Lanka. The visit highlights that
India is trying to create robust maritime security cooperation involving Maldives and Sri
Lanka.
2. Maritime Irritants between the Countries

In spite of two maritime agreements that were signed in 1974 and 1976, there are
several irritants between the countries. In 1974 agreement, India agreed to Sri Lanka’s
sovereignty over Katchchativu island but with some safeguards. The safeguards were
included by India to protect its fishermen. However, Sri Lanka till date complains that the
agreement failed to give fishing rights to Sri Lankan fishermen.
154. Group of Ministers report on legal framework to prevent sexual

harassment
On January 19, 2020, the Group of Ministers headed by Home Minister Amit Shah
finalized its report to change the legal framework that will help prevent sexual
harassment of women at work places.
1. Highlights
The Group of Ministers was constituted in October 2018 after the “Me Too” campaign.
The group was reconstituted under the Home Minster in July 2019. Apart from this, the
GoI is also working on a project to change the IPC (Indian Penal Code) that was
introduced during British rule in 1860. The ministers have recommended to strengthen
the laws.
2. Referrals of the report

The report is predominantly based on the following
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3. Significance
According to NCRB (National Crime Records Bureau), in 2017 and 2018, the number of
sexual harassments of women at work premises were 479 and 401 respectively. The
cases were registered under IPC Section 509 and were highest in cities such as Delhi,
Pune, Bengaluru and Mumbai.
155. Report on Central and State Water Departments based on Efficiency

Targets: Gujarat leads
The Ministry of Jal Shakti recently launched rankings of Central and state governmental
water departments based on their efficiency targets. According to the report, Gujarat
topped the ranking and Delhi was pushed to the last.
1. Highlights
Among the seven central government departments, Survey of India topped the list
followed by National Institute of Hydrology and Central Water Commission. The Central
Pollution Control Board received the lowest rank.
2. Aim is the ranking

The ranking was done as a part of mid-term review of the central and state government
departments. It also aims to create Water Resource Information System (WRIS) in all
states. This will help to create real time NWIC (National Water Information Centre).
3. Performance parameters
The departments and states were ranked based on real-time data acquisition, analytical
work, procurement, data digitization, trainings, updating MIS and analytical work. Based
on these parameters, the government agency was awarded with a score between 0 and
100.
156. 1 trillion USD required to achieve UN’s Decarbonization Target of

Shipping Industry
The United Nations had set the target of reducing carbon emissions from shipping
industry by 50% by 2050 as compared to the levels in 2008. A study of London based
Energy Institute (University College London’s Energy Institute) suggest that in order to
achieve the target, the world has to spend 1 trillion USD.
1. Highlights
According to the United Nations, the emissions from shipping account to 2.2% of world
carbon-dioxide emissions. Reducing shipping emissions is ambitious and challenging as
the shipping sector plays a major role in the growth of the economy. 90% of world trade
happen at sea.
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2. When was the resolution adopted?
The International Maritime Organization regulates international shipping and its green
house gas emissions. The shipping industry was the only sector that was left out of the
1997 Kyoto protocol and its successor 2015 Paris agreement.
157. Delhi Government releases Guarantee card on free bus services,

water & electricity
On January 19, 2020, the Delhi Government released the guarantee card that consisted
of 10 guarantees for the residents of Delhi. It included free bus services, electricity,
water supply, pollution, etc.
1. Electricity
The card guaranteed uninterrupted power supply throughout the year. It also included
free electricity for all the residents up to 200 units of consumption. The Government has
also assured to replace the overhead electrical wires with underground cables.
2. Water
The card also assured supply of 24/7 clean drinking water to every household of the
Territory by 2025. It also added that 20,000 litres of free drinking water scheme that is
being currently implemented will continue along with other schemes
3. Infrastructure
The Guarantee card included free education, better health facility and mohalla clinics for
those living in unauthorized colonies. It also promised to build pucca houses under
“Jahan Jhuggi Wahin Makan” scheme for those living in slums.
4. Other Guarantees
The Guarantee card also aims at providing cheapest transport facilities. It has offered to
run free bus services to all students and women in the national capital. It also
guarantees to make Delhi safer for women by deploying “Mohalla Marshals”.
158. National Agricultural Export Authority, APEDA launched 186

product testing laboratories
On January 20, 2020, the APEDA (Agricultural and Processed Food Products Development
Authority) has added 135 laboratories to the existing 51 laboratories. With this initiative,
the total number of agricultural product testing laboratories in the country has increased
to 186.
1. Highlights
The new laboratories are being installed in states with high agricultural potential such as
Gujarat, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Telangana and Karnataka. In order
to strengthen the network, a new policy has been adopted by APEDA. According to the
policy, NABL (National Accreditation Board for testing and calibration Laboratories)
accredited laboratories are to be added to the APEDA network.
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2. NABL
The NABL provides the procedure for integrated assessment and requirements for
testing laboratories set up in the country. It works under Department of Promotion of
Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT). Both NABL and DPIIT operate under Ministry of
Commerce and Industry.
3. Agricultural sector in India

Agricultural sector today employs more than 60% of the population. However, it
accounts to only 17% of India’s GDP, which is 2.6 trillion USD. India has achieved self
sufficiency in food grain production. India is one of the highest-ranking countries in
terms of rice, dairy, cotton, fruits, meat, vegetables and seafood. However, due to lack
of storage infrastructure, 40% of the produce are lost. The losses alone account to 13
billion USD annually. The export capacity of India can be increased if these losses are
minimized.
159. India prepares for Corona Virus-Steps of Health Ministry
India has been closely monitoring the happenings in China after more than 200 cases
were confirmed to be infected with Corona virus (a new stain). The increase in numbers
is mainly because more than millions travel for Lunar New Year in China.
1. Highlights
India is preparing itself after it has learnt from WHO (World Health Organization) that the
infections of the virus are linked to sea food market. Managing the importation of the
virus into the country is being strengthened.
2. Sea Food Scenario in India

The chances of India being the victim of the virus is minimal. This is because India’s
imports of sea food are highly limited. According to 2018 report of MPEDA (Marine
Products Export Development Authority), India exported sea food (fish predominantly)
worth of 6,923 million USD and imported 138 million USD. USA is the predominant
import destination of India according to MPEDA. Import of sea food from other countries
is miniscule or negligent. As far as China is considered, Japan is its leading importer of
sea food from China, followed by USA, Hong Kong and Korea.
160. NIC organizes Tech Conclave in New Delhi on “Technologies for

NextGen Governance”
The National Informatics Centre (NIC) is to hold a 2-day technology Conclave in New
Delhi. The event is to be conducted between January 21, 2020 and January 22, 2020.
The Conclave is to be inaugurated by Union Minister Shri Ravi Shankar Prasad.
1. Highlights
The Technology Conclave will discuss application of Information and Communication
Technology. The conclave is to be held under the theme
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2. India’s E-Governance
Recently India has been adopting electronic governance. With subsidy transfer to census
2021, GoI has been adopting technologies for the governance to reach citizens at a
faster rate. Some of the highly successful e-governance initiatives include
January 21, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
161. UNCTAD releases Global investment Trend report: India among top
10 recipients of FDI
On January 20, 2020, the United Nation Conference on Trade and Development released
its report on Global Investment Trend Monitor Report for the year 2019. The Global FDI
of the year 2019 was 1.39 trillion USD. This has declined by 1% as compared to 2018.
According to the report, FDI in South Asia increased by 10% as compared to 2018. The
inflows of Pakistan and Bangladesh however declined by 20% and 6% respectively.
China remained the topmost FDI recipient in the world as it was in 2018 followed by the
United States. The United States in 2019 attracted 251 billion USD FDI and the inflows of
China was 140 billion USD.
The growth of FDI in South Asia was mainly due to India. In 2019, the India’s FDI was 49
billion USD. The report says that FDI in 2019 has increased by 16% as compared to
2018. The majority of the input in India went into Information Technology.
3. Predictions of 2020
The report predicts that FDI flows in the country will increase in 2020.
162. “TIGERSHARKS”, First Squadron of Sukhoi-30 MKI aircraft inducted

by IAF in Tamil Nadu
On January 20, 2020, the 222 Squadron of Sukhoi-30MKI fighter jets was inducted by the
Indian Air Force in Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu. The squadron has been named “Tiger Sharks”.
1. Highlights
The squadron has been inducted with modified Sukhoi-30MKI fighter jets that are
modified to carry BrahMos missiles.
2. Background
The 222 Squadron of Sukhoi-30MKI squadron called the Tiger Sharks was first raised in
Ambala, Haryana in 1969. It also took part in 1971 Indo-Pakistan war. In 1985, Tiger
Sharks were the first squadron to be equipped with MiG-27.
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3. Tiger Sharks
So far there are 12 squadrons of Tiger Sharks inducted in India including the one
recently inducted in Tamil Nadu. The other 11 were deployed in Pune, Halwara, Sirsa,
Jodhpur, Tezpur, Bareilly, Chabua.
4. Why Tamil Nadu?

The Squadron is being inducted in Tamil Nadu to check the fast-expanding strategic
footprint of China in the Indian Ocean Region. China had established its first military
base in Djibouti in the region surrounding Horn of Africa. In fact, the base at Djibouti was
the first overseas army support base established by Chinese People’s Liberation Army.
The squadron will help to check China’s fast-growing footprint in Indian Ocean.
5. China’s Malacca Dilemma

China has been constantly finding ways to reduce its dependence on Straits of Malacca.
This is to ensure long term energy security policy as piracy in the route is increasing.
This policy of China seeking alternate routes is called “Malacca Dilemma”. It was
introduced by President Hu Jintao in 2003.
6. Malacca Dilemma’s alternate routes

China on the lines of Malacca Dilemma has opened oil and gas pipelines in 2013
between Port Sitwe (in Myanmar waters) and Chinese Kunming in Yunnan province. Also,
China is developing Gwadar port of Pakistan on the side lines of BRI initiative. A proposal
to construct a canal across Isthmus of Kra is still under consideration.
163. Carbon Disclosure Project: India ranks 5th
On January 21, 2020, the Carbon Disclosure Project, an annual report on carbon
reduction activities of different countries and their firms was released by a non-profit
organization Global Reporting Initiative. According to the report, the countries were
ranked based on their corporate responsibilities of carbon reduction. In order to assess
the role played by them, their science-based targets were weighed.
1. Highlights
According to the report, 58 Indian companies disclosed their environment related
activities to the organization. Based on their disclosure, the report concludes that 98% of
the top Indian companies have now formed committees to address climate related
issues. The change has been witnessed between 2018 and 2019.
2. Global Reporting Initiative

The Global Reporting initiative helps businesses, organizations and governments to
understand the impacts of climate change, corruption and human rights.
164. GoI launches paperless licensing of petroleum service stations
On January 20, 2020, the Department of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) announced
that it has launched paperless licensing process for petroleum service stations. The
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paperless licensing has been launched under Petroleum Rules, 2002. The implementing
agency of the order would be Petroleum and Explosives Safety Organization (PESO).
1. Highlights
The issue of paperless license for road tankers was launched earlier this month. After its
launch, 300 licenses have been issued so far. With the paperless licensing being
extended for petroleum service stations, it will benefit more than 70,000 pumps and oil
marketing companies. Also, the move is important because, of all the licenses the road
tankers and petroleum service station licenses account to more than 85%. Therefore,
this will benefit in decreasing the transit time of fuel as a greater number of vehicles can
easily be employed in the process.
2. PESO
PESO is a department formed under DPIIT and both the bodies work under Ministry of
Commerce and Industry. PESO administers the following acts
165. Global Social Mobility Index launched at World Economic Forum:

India ranks 76th
On January 20, 2020, the World Economic Forum released the Social Mobility Index. The
index measures social mobility of the population world wide.
1. What is Social Mobility?

Social Mobility is the upward or downward movement of an individual in personal
circumstances in relation to their parents.
2. Findings of the Report

According to the report, Denmark ranks the first followed by Finland, Norway, Sweden
and Iceland. India ranked 76th out of 82 countries.
3. Impact of 4th Industrial Revolution

According to the report, the fourth industrial revolution has created several social
inequalities. It is disrupting labor market by inducing wage disparities.
January 22, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
166. Claims against India under Bilateral International Treaty dismissed
The Bilateral International Treaty organization, an international arbitration tribunal

recently dismissed all the claims against India.
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1. Highlights
The claims against India was brought the organization by private firms in Cyprus and
Russia. The claims were under Agreement between Government of Russian Federation
and Cyprus for promotion and protection of investments. The claims have now been
dismissed completely.
2. Bilateral Investment Treaty

BIT is an agreement that was established for FDI. It allows countries to set up rules for
investments between each other. The treaty is the successor of the 19th century
friendship, commerce and navigation treaty.
3. Significance
India entered BIT in the mid-90s. It is important for India to sign BIT to make conditions
favourable for foreign investors. While most of the treaties in the world focus on ‘most
favored Nation’ treatment, BIT treats foreign countries equally.
4. India and BIT

According to the data of Ministry of Finance, India has so far signed BIT with 75 states.
Out of these 66 are already in force and 9 are yet to be entered into force. India has
signed 40 BITs with less developed and developing nations.
167. Women Power at Republic Day parade: Tania Shergil and CRPF
bikers
The Republic Day parade held at Rajpath every year is one of the largest parades of the
world. The parade marches from Rashtrapati Bhawan along Rajpath until India Gate. This
year the parade has certain events to express the woman power in the defence sector.
1. Women Power
1.1. Tania Shergil

In 2020 republic day parade, Tania Shergil becomes the first woman officer to lead all-
men contingent. The Contingent was commissioned in March 2017 from Officer Training
Academy, Chennai.
1.2. First Women CRPF Bikers

All women biker contingent of the Central Reserve Police Force will make their debut
showcasing daredevil stunts at the Republic Day parade. The team consists of 65 women
CRPF personnel and will display their acrobatic skills on Royal Enfield Bullet motorcycles.
2. Other firsts of woman power

The CRPF raised the first all women battalion in Asia region in 1986. In 2018, the an all
women bikers team of the Border Security Force made a similar debut. In 2015, an all
women marching contingents of navy, army and air force debuted the national parade.
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168. Start Up India-first time in Republic Parade; Indian Navy
The Department of Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) operating under
Ministry of Commerce and Industry is to showcase tableau on Start Up India at the
Republic Day Parade to be held at Rajpath, New Delhi. The tableau is to be held under
the theme
1. Highlights
The following are to be represented at the parade
2. Indian Navy
The Indian Navy is to showcase its tableau at the Republic Day parade under the theme
169. India Nepal inaugurate new check post, Jogbani-Biratnagar at the

border
On January 21, 2020, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Nepalese PM Oli
inaugurated an integrated check post (ICP) at Jogbani-Biratnagar. This is the second
check post that is being built at the border with Indian Assistance.
1. Highlights
The aim of the new integrated check post is to facilitate trade and movement of people
across the border. The check post was built under assistance of India. India helped in the
construction based on its “Neighbourhood First Policy”. The check post was built over
260 acres with Indian assistance of Rs 140 crores.
2. Significance
The check posts ensure better border management for the movement of passenger and
cargo. They will also help to boost 7 billion USD trade between the countries.
3. What is Integrated Check Post?

Integrated Check Posts are trade facilitation centres at borders of India. The centres help
boost bilateral trade and also help to improve movement of passengers in the border.
This helps to generate employment, developing the area surrounding the check post.
Ultimately, it helps in overall growth of the economy.
170. 32nd interaction of PRAGATI held: Rs 24,000 crores worth projects

discussed
On 22 January, 2020, PM Modi chaired the 32nd PRAGATI meet. Under the Pro-Active
Governance and Timely Implementation, the Prime Minister reviewed projects that are
being implemented by the union government and their progress.
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1. Highlights
The Prime Minister discussed 24 projects that were of worth Rs 24,000 crores at the
meet. The projects were spread over 9 states namely Telangana, Odisha, Maharashtra,
Karnataka, Jharkhand, Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Kerala. It included three
projects from Ministry of Railways, one from Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas and
five from Ministtry of Road Transport.
2. Crime and Criminal Tracking Network Tracking System (CCTNS)

The CCTNS was established in 2009 to create comprehensive and integrated system for
effective e-governance. It will interconnect 15,000 police stations and digitize data
related to FIR registrations. This aids in developing developing a national database of
criminals and crimes.
3. Previous PRGATI outcomes

At the 31st PRAGATI interactions, projects worth 12 lakh crores were reviewed. It also
discussed grievances of Indian citizens working abroad, Aspirational District Programme,
National Agricultural Market and infrastructural development programmes. Around 9
projects that were of 61,000 crores of rupees were taken up for discussion. It included
Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir as well.
4. PRAGATI
PRAGATI was launched by PM Modi in March 2015. It is an interactive platform to
address grievances of common people. The issues faced by the implementing agencies
are uploaded in the platform on third Wednesday every month.
171. India joins Reskilling Revolution Initiative at World Economic Forum

as a Founding Member
On January 22, 2020, India joined Reskilling Revolution initiative of World Economic
Forum. It helps economies to adopt o changes being introduced by Fourth Industrial
Revolution.
1. Highlights
India joined the Reskilling Revolution Initiative launched at the World Economic Forum as
founding member. The other founding members include US, UAE, Russia, Pakistan,
France and Brazil. The initiative aims at providing better education, jobs and skills for
more than 1 billion people in the world by 2030.
2. Significance
According to the World Economic Forum, around 75 million jobs are to displaced. This is
predominantly because of technological integration and automation. The transformation
will also create large scale unemployment affecting the labour population greatly. It will
also create demand for 133 million new jobs. Therefore, it is essential to shift the labour
population towards the requirement of the technology upgrade. In order to achieve this,
the Reskilling Revolution Platform has been launched.
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3. Report
In order to achieve the reskilling, the World Economic Forum also released a report
namely “Jobs of Tomorrow: Mapping Opportunity in the New Economy”. The report
mapped 96 new emerging jobs in seven fastest growing professions based on new
technologies.
4. Fourth Industrial Revolution

The transformation is happening mainly due to fourth industrial revolution. Fourth
Industrial Revolution is the developing environment where robotics, Internet of Things
and Artificial Intelligence are changing the lives of people globally. It has increased
machine operated automation and changed the labour force involved.
172. World Economic Forum Survey: World loses hopes in Climate

Science; Indians are most-trusting
The World Economic Forum published its opinion poll during its 50th annual meeting in
Davos. The annual meeting was called for urgent upskilling and better climate
education.
1. Highlights
According to the survey, India and Bangladesh are the most trusting people in climate
science. The citizens of both the countries keep themselves updated about the
happening of the world. Also, they trusted the climate scientists and their discoveries.
India was followed by Bangladesh, Pakistan, China and Turkey.
2. About the Survey

The Survey was held in 30 countries covering 76% of world population. The survey has
been presented on the 2020 theme which is
3. Significance
The survey is important to learn about the status of mind and opinion of world
population in different part. This forms the base to organize campaigns. The survey will
now act as the major decision maker when it comes to design the type of awareness
campaign to be adopted in a specific region.
173. World Economic Forum: 1 trillion trees and report on Password role
in Cyber Crime
The World Economic Forum began on January 21, 2020 in Davos. The highlight of the
forum this year is over its initiative to plant 1 trillion trees in the next decade and also to
equip 1 billion people with fourth industrial revolution. The forum has released a report
on the role of passwords in cyber crimes. According to the report, fourth industrial
revolution reduces cost spent on maintaining passwords and their secrecy.
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1. Highlights: 1 Trillion Trees
The World Economic Forum has joined the “Tree Trillion Campaign” that was launched
by UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) in 2006 as “Billion Tree Campaign”.
In 2011, the project was handed over to Plant for the Planet (a NGO).
2. Highlights: Role of Password

On January 22, 2020, the World Economic Forum released report on passwords and the
cost involved in maintaining their secrecy. According to the report, cybercrime is to cost
2.9 billion USD to the global economy. Around 50% of IT Help Desk costs are spent on
password resets. Therefore, it is essential to shift the password-based system towards
Artificial Intelligence and other fourth Industrial Revolution technologies.
January 23, 2020
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174. Facts Box: “Three Capital Bill” of Andhra Pradesh
The Andhra Pradesh Government has passed the “Andhra Pradesh Decentralisation and
Equal Development of All Regions Bill”, 2020. The bill paves way for three capitals of the
state.
1. Highlights
The three capitals are Amaravati-legislative capital, Vishakhapatnam-the executive
capital and Kurnool-judicial capital. The three-capital system is being adopted by the
government of Andhra Pradesh in order to ensure equal development throughout the
state. This also aids in decentralization of government. The above cities were selected as
capitals for their strategic location to aid decentralization.
2. Committees
The cities were recommended by the committees namely B N Sri Krishna Committee, G
N Rao Committee and K Sivaramakrishnan Committee.
3. Indian States
There are other states in India with two capitals as well. It includes Maharashtra,
Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir. The capitals of Maharashtra are Mumbai and
Nagpur. The state holds winter session of the state in Nagpur. Similarly, the capitals of
Himachal Pradesh are Shimla and Dharamshala (Winter). The capital of Jammu and
Kashmir were Srinagar and Jammu (winter).
4. Other Countries
The other countries that have multiple capitals include Sri Lanka and Malaysia. In Sri
Lanka, Jayawardenepura Kotte is the seat of national legislature and is the official capital
and Colombo is the seat of judicial bodies and national executives.
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175. National Startup Advisory Council setup to boost Startups and
Innovations
On January 22, 2020, the Union Ministry of Commerce and Industry has setup National
Startup Advisory Council. The council will suggest ways to build strong start ups in the
country. It is being set up to reduce the time spent on tax compliance to less than one-
hour a month and to boost the availability of domestic and global capital.
1. Composition of the Council

The council is to be chaired by the Minister of Commerce and Industry. The Council will
have non-official members nominated by the Union Government. The non-official
members will hold office for two years.
2. Functions of the council

The Council will suggest measures to spread culture of innovation among all the citizens
and students. This will help to promote innovation among all sectors of the economy
widely. It will also recommend measures to facilitate public organisations. This will help
to deliver better governance, promote creation and commercialize intellectual property
rights.
176. India-Brazil: BIT to be signed; Cabinet approves agreements on

legal assistance, Oil
On January 23, 2020, India and Brazil will sign the Bilateral Investment Treaty during the
visit of Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro. The President is visiting India as a Chief Guest
of Republic Day celebrations.
1. Highlights
The President of Brazil is to visit India between January 24, 2020 and January 27, 2020.
The countries will sign 20 agreements during his visit. They will upgrade their Strategic
Partnership Action Plan. The plan is to serve as the base for the agreements to be
signed. The countries are expected to sign agreements in the sectors of technology,
cooperation, logistics and sharing.
2. Cabinet Approval
On January 23, the union cabinet approved agreements between India and Brazil on
Mutual Legal Assistance in criminal matters and in the sector of oil and natural gas.
2.1. Mutual Legal Assistance

According to the agreement, the countries will aid each other in investigation of crimes.
This will help to track, confiscate and restrain instruments of crime and also the funds
used to finance terrorism.
2.2. Oil and Natural Gas

The Cabinet also cleared the agreement signed by India and Brazil on Oil and natural
gas. According to the agreement, the countries will work towards establishing
cooperation in production and exploration of oil and natural gas.
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3. Brazil
Brazil is the 12th largest oil producer in the world. With raising tensions between US and
Iran and increasing oil prices, it is important for India to search for alternative to keep oil
prices under control.
177. India participates at United Nations AIDS Programme at World

Economic Forum
On January 21, 2020, India participated at the United Nations AIDS (UNAIDS) programme
at the World Economic Forum (WEF). The theme of the programme was
1. Highlights
The health needs, technologies and solutions to bridge economic inequalities in the
health sector were discussed. India was represented by Union Minister of state for
Shipping and Chemical and Fertilizers Mansukh Mandaviya.
2. UNAIDS Programme
The main objective of the programme is to coordinate global action on the AIDS disease
and alleviate its impact. It was established in 1994.
3. AIDS in India
The AIDS programme in India is implemented by NACO (National AIDS Control
Organization). It formulates policy and implements prevention and control programmes
of AIDS in the country.
4. NACO
NACO is the nodal organization to implement AIDS programmes of Indian Government.
Apart from this, it also conducts HIV estimation biennially along with ICMR (Indian
Council of Medical Research). The first round of such estimation was conducted in 1998
and the last was done in 2017.
178. Democracy Index released: India ranks 51; Slips 10 positions
On January 22, 2020, the Economic Intelligence Unit released Democracy Index for the
year 2019. The index was topped by Norway. Norway was followed by Iceland and
Sweden at second and third positions respectively. India was pushed to 51st rank
slipping 10 positions as compared to its previous ranking
1. Highlights
According to the report, the slippage of India’s ranking was mainly due to the protests of
Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA), National Register of Citizens (NRC) and abrogation of
special status to Jammu and Kashmir.
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2. Report on Kashmir
With respect to the Kashmir issue of Abrogation of Article 370, the report says that
certain acts of government over the issue led to the decline in the country’s ranking. It
includes deployment of large troops in Jammu and Kashmir region, restricting internet
access and also placing local leaders under house arrest.
3. Report on NRC
The report said that the citizenship registration exercise excluded 1.9 million people
from the final list. Also, the majority of the population excluded were Muslims. This has
enraged large Muslim population and has stoked protests in various parts of the country.
4. History of India’s Index

The democratic indices are awarded over a score of 10. Since the launch of the Index in
2006, India has obtained the lowest score of 6.9 this time in 2019. In 2018, India
obtained 7.23. India’s highest score was 7.91 in 2014 and has declined since then.
However, India’s scores have always remained above global average. This year, the
global average was 5.44.
179. January 23: Birth Anniversary of Subhash Chandra Bose celebrated
On January 23, 2020, India celebrated 123rd birth anniversary of Subhash Chandra Bose.
He was born on January 23, 1897. In order to commemorate Netaji’s birth anniversary,
GoI is inaugurating a temple at Varanasi in the name of the leader with a Dalit woman as
a chief priest. The prayers are to be performed to Bharat Mata at the temple.
1. About Netaji Temple

The temple is to be built in red, white and black colours. The red colour symbolizes
revolution, black represents strength and white for peace. The temple has been built to
inculcate patriotism among the citizens.
2. Azad Hind Fauj

Netaji formed a separate army called the “Azad Hind Fauj”. It was also called the Indian
National Army or the INA. There were around 85,000 soldiers in INA.
3. About Netaji
Netaji did his schooling in Cuttack. He also passed the Indian Civil Service exam.
However, he joined the non-cooperation movement and fought for India’s independence.
He was elected as the president of Indian National Congress in 1939. However, he was
expelled due to his differences with the other Congress leaders.
4. Controversies of Netaji’s Death

Different theories came with death of Subhash Chandra Bose. However, in 2017 GoI in
its reply under Right to Information act, confirmed that the leader had died on August
18, 1945 in a plane crash. He was 48 years old when he died.
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180. Ghana inspired by India’s Ujjwala; India to assist; MoU signed
On January 23, 2020, Ghana announced that the country will replicate the Ujjwala model
of LPG connection under the guidance of India (represented by Indian Oil Corporation).
1. Highlights
LPG coverage in Ghana is 23%. Citizens of Ghana spend hours together at petrol stations
to refill their cylinders. Ghana is to fix the issues around LPG with India’s support. Ghana
inspired by India’s bottling plants of LPG is to implement its replica aiming to cover 50%
of population in the initial stage.
2. MoU
India has signed a Memorandum of Understanding with Ghana to provide assistance in
Ghana’s National LPG Promotion Policy. The MoU will strengthen cooperation between
the countries and will increase the support offered to National Petroleum Authority of
Ghana by India.
3. Achievement of PMUY
Under Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana, 8 crore cooking gas connection were provided to
poor women in less than 3 years. The Programme was launched to safeguard health of
children and women by replacing firewood with LPG.
4. Controversies
India’s CAG (Comptroller and Auditor General) in its report on PMUY expressed its
concerns over delays in supply of cylinder, low consumption, diversions of LPG, etc.
181. Facts Box: ILO’s Labour Report, 2020
The International Labour Organization released its “The World Employment and Social
Outlook: Trends 2020” (WESO) report. The report stated that the global unemployment
has been stable for the last nine years. However, slowing economic growth means that
for the increasing labour force, no new jobs are created.
The report has projected that the unemployment is to increase around 2.5 million in
2020. Currently there are 188 million people unemployed in the world. This means one
in five of the workers worldwide are living in poverty.
According to the report, the growth in countries of India and china in the past 13 years
has caused the global labour inequality to reduce. However, the labour income
distribution within these countries has not changed. The Gender gap in wages of the
labours is more in South Asian countries such as India, Pakistan and Bangladesh as
compared to the rest of the world. While it stands at 15% in developed nations, in these
countries the gender gap of wages is 40%.
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182. Defence Ministry approved procurement of 5,100 crores of
hardware
On January 22, 2020, the Defence Acquisition Council approved the Procurement of
defence equipment that are of worth Rs 5,100 crores. The equipment are to be
purchased from indigenous sources.
1. Highlights
The equipment to be purchased include electronic Warfare systems that are
manufactured by DRDO. It also includes other equipment that are manufactured by local
Indian industries.
2. iDEX
Innovations for Defence Exellence was launched in April 2018 to foster technology
development in Defence and Aerospace. It is being funded by Defence Innovation
Organization that was formed by HAL And BEL. Apart from funding the DIO will also
provide policy guidance to iDEX.
3. Defence Acquisition Council

The Council was formed based on recommendations made by Group of Ministers on
“Reforming the National Security System”. The Group was formed after Kargil war, 2001.
Defence Minister is the Chairman of the council.
January 24, 2020
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183. Phase Out of Ozone Depleting Chemicals achieved by India
Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (EFoCC) recently announced that
India has achieved the complete phase out of ozone depleting Hydro Chloro Fluoro
Carbons (HCFC). The achievement has its route to the Montreal Protocol
1. Highlights
In order to move towards environment friendly technologies, the Ministry of EFoCC
prohibited import of HCFC-141b. The order was issued according to Ozone Depleting
substances (Regulation and Control) amendment rules, 2019. The rules were issued
under Environment (Protection) act, 1986.
2. Benefits
The phase out of HCFC-141b will help in healing the ozone layer in the stratospheric
zone. Also, it will help in climate change mitigation as the industries dependent on HCFC
for foam production will be forced to work on alternative technologies that contribute to
lesser global warming.
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3. Impacts
The step will have great impact on ozone layer. This is because around 50% of ozone
depleting chemicals being used in the country attribute to HCFC-141b.
4. Govt measures to reduce impacts

The after effect of the phase out will greatly affect the MSME (Micro, Small and Medium
Enterprises). In order to prevent this, the Ozone Cell of Ministry of EFoCC had signed
agreements with Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technologies to find
alternate technologies. Assistance is being provide to field trails, training and product
validation.
5. Montreal Protocol
The Montreal Protocol was signed by 190 countries in 1987 to phase out Ozone
Depleting Substances. In order to achieve this, India in 2017 launched a phase out plan.
Though the target of the plan was 2023, India achieved the goal far ahead of the
deadline.
184. “Vyom Mitra”-ISRO’s half Humanoid-An experimental mission of

Gaganyaan
ISRO (Indian Space Research Organization) is to send a half-humanoid robot called the
“Vyom Mitra” as an experimental mission to Gaganyaan. Vyom Mitra means a friend in
Sky.
1. Highlights
ISRO introduced Vyom Mitra at the “Human Space Flight and Exploration-Present
Challenges and Future Trends” seminar that was held in Bengaluru. The robot is to fly in
two unmanned mission that are planned in December 2020 and in June 2021.
2. About Vyom Mitra

The robot can speak two languages namely Hindi and English. It can mimic human
activities such as recognizing other humans and responding to their queries. The robot
can handle switch panel operations. It is also capable of providing air pressure change
warnings.
3. Gaganyaan mission
In order to make the first human space flight programme, Gaganyaan successful, ISRO
has been taking several initiatives. The food for the astronauts is being developed by the
Defence Food Research Laboratory. The astronauts to travel to space received their
training in Russia.
185. January 24: National Girl Child Day
India celebrates National Girl Child Day on January 24 annually. It was initiated by
Ministry of Women and Child Development in 2008.
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1. Highlights
The aim of the day is to spread awareness about inequalities faced by girls in the
country. It also promotes awareness about rights of girl child. Also, it increases
importance of health, education and nutrition of girl child. The National Girl Child Day
also spreads various atrocities faced by girls in their lives. The international day of girl
child is celebrated on October 11 every year.
2. Need
Girls in India face humiliation, discrimination and oppression. According to CRY (Child
Rights and You) India is the home of more than one-third child brides in the world. There
are more than 10 million child brides in the world, They are forced into marriage before
the legal age of 18
3. Sex Ratio
Sex Ratio is the ratio of male to female population. Sex ratio of the entire world is 101
males to 100 females (2018 estimate). In India according to the Census 2011, the sex
ration was 108.9. It has been increasing since 1961. It was 102.4 in 1961, 104.2 in 1980
and 107.5 in 2001.
186. National Data and Analytics Platform released by NITI Aayog
On January 23, 2020, NITI Aayog announced that it will launch National Data and
Analytics Platform (NDAP). The Platform aims to democratize access of government data.
In other words, the platform aims to make the data across all sectors coherent.
1. Highlights
The NDAP will act as a platform for different stakeholders to access data in an easy way.
It will host latest data from all the government websites. Also, the platform will
standardize formats in which data has to be presented.
2. NITI Aayog
The NITI Aayog is National Institution for Transforming India. It is a policy think tank that
was established to achieve sustainable development goals through cooperative
federalism. Cooperative Federalism encourage healthy competition among states.
January 25, 2020
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187. 25 January – National Voters Day
National Voters Day (ननननननननन नननननन नननन) is celebrated on 25 January every year to
mark the foundation day of Election Commission of India (ECI). ECI was established on
25 January 1950. It’s a constitutional body deriving its authority from Article 324 of the
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Constitution and Representation of the People Acts. The day was started in 2011. Year
2020 marks 10th National Voters Day.
1. Objective
Objective of National Voters Day is to encourage, facilitate and maximize the enrolment
of new voters and active participation of the active voters.
2. Theme of National Voters Day – 2020

The theme of National Voters Day – 2020 is ‘Electoral Literacy for a Stronger
Democracy.’
January 26, 2020
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188. Ganga-Volga Dialogue held with Russia to enhance Connectivity
The Ganga-Volga Dialogue was held between India and Russia in New Delhi. The
dialogue focused in providing interface between the civilizations of the countries.
1. Highlights
The dialogue prioritized people-to-people contact. According to Russia, the dialogue
acted as a good platform for its policy of “Greater Eurasia”. The Dialogue was held on
the following theme
2. Proposals Discussed
The dialogue discussed the following key proposals
3. Other Discussions
During the dialogue India placed its state of not being into any military alliance in the
Quad grouping. This is important for India to keep its trade and defence relations
between with Russia and USA balanced. Also, India’s policy of SAGAR Indian Ocean were
also discussed. The relations between India and CSTO (Collective Security Treaty
Organization) were also discussed.
189. Department of Biotechnology held International Summit on Women

in STEM
On January 25, 2020, the Department of Biotechnology held an International Summit on

Women in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) on the following
theme
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1. Highlights
The summit show cased the success of several women in the field of STEM. The summit
also hosted different sessions on empowering women through networking, leadership
building, interactive exercises with scientists.
2. Constitution
According to Article 51A, it is the duty of every citizen to develop scientific temper, spirit
of inquiry and humanism.
3. Significance of the summit

The National Science Foundation predicts that around 80% of the jobs created in the
next 10 years will be STEM oriented. However, India lags students in the field of
problem-solving, innovation and creativity.
190. India & World Bank sign Agreement of 210 million USD in
agriculture and rural transformation
The Government of Maharashtra and World Bank signed a 210 million USD agreement to
facilitate agriculture value chains, increase market access and build resilient crops.
1. Highlights
The Project is to be implemented in 36 districts of the state of Maharashtra. Around 43%
of farmers and farm workers are expected to participate in the project. The main aim of
the agreement is to facilitate small farmers compete agri-business investments and
build crops resilient to flood and droughts.
2. Scenario in Maharashtra
Today, Maharashtra is the largest producer of fruits and vegetables in the country. It is
also the largest exporter of pulses, fruits, cotton, vegetables and soybean. However, the
area of cultivation of rice and wheat in the state has been declining constantly in the
state.
3. Other Programmes
India is also conducting other programmes under National Action Plan on Climate
Change to promote climate smart technologies and practices and also use of less water.
4. Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures

These are measures that are applied to protect animal and human life from the risks of
spread of pests, diseases, toxins and contaminants in food.
191. India’s first Super Fab Lab inaugurated in Kerala
On January 25, 2020, India’s first Super Fab Lab was inaugurated in Kerala. The
laboratory is to function in collaboration with Massachusetts Institute of Technology
(MIT), USA. It is the only laboratory that is being installed outside US.
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1. Highlights
The Super Fab Lab is being installed in collaboration with KSUM (Kerala Startup Mission).
The laboratory will break down barriers between physical world and digital world.
2. What is a Fab Lab?

A Fab Lab is a laboratory that offers digital fabrication. It is colloquially defined as, “How
to make almost anything”. It is an array of computers that covers almost all materials. It
is used in businesses to develop prototypes and also in education. It includes CNC
cutting, plasma metal cutting, laser cutting, electronics and microprocessors and 3D
printing and scanning.
3. Vigyan Ashram
Vigyan Ashram was the first Fab Lab to be opened in India. It was established in 2002.
Also, it was the first fab lab to be opened outside USA (MIT).
4. Fab Fi
Fab Fi is the wireless network that is currently being operated in Afghanistan, US and
Kenya. It provides high speed internet from a central provider.
5. KSUM
The Kerala Start up Mission is an entrepreneurship development programme that
creates environment and infrastructure to support high-technologies.
192. Indian Railway’s first Waste to Energy Plant uses “PolyCrack”

Technology
The East Coast Railways commissioned the first waste-to-energy plant of Railways sector
of India. It is the fourth such plant in the country. The plant has been set up at a cost of
Rs 1.79 crores with Polycrack technology.
1. Highlights
The plant installed converts waste collected from the garbage disposal units into carbon
powder, diesel and gas using Polycrack Technology. The diesel oil is to be sold by the
Railways to other stake holders for commercial purposes. The gas and carbon powder
are to be used in brick manufacturing. The best thing of the plant is that it does not
leave any waste at the end.
2. Polycrack Technology
In Polycrack Technology, waste is processed and reformed in 24 hours. The only
drawback is that it requires larger area. The technology involves de-polmerization,
cracking, reforming, scrubbing, particle filtration and rapid quenching.
January 27, 2020
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193. Bharat Parv, a festival of culture being held at Red Fort
On January 26, 2020, Bharat Parv 2020 begun at Red Fort in New Delhi. The programe is
to continue till 1st February, 2020.
1. Highlights
The main objective of the programme is to increase patriotism among the citizens and
also to encourage them visit tourist places in the country. The programme is being
organized by Ministry of Tourism. The theme of the programme is
2. About Bharat Parv

Bharat Parv is recognized as National Festival. It includes diversified dances of the
country, food courts, handicrafts from all over the country. The festival also showcases
Republic Day Tableaux that participated in the parade.
194. India-Brazil ink 15 agreements during Brazil President’s visit on

Republic Day
The President of Brazil, Mr Jair Bolsonaro visited India to take part in Republic Day
celebrations. During his visit, the countries signed several agreements. Alongside, the
fifth session of India-Brazil Trade monitoring mechanism was also held. President
Bolsonaro was accompanied by a huge business delegation. They will hold several
meetings with their Indian counterparts during the India-Brazil Business Forum that is to
be held in 27, January, 2020.
1. Highlights
The countries signed agreements on trade, cyber security, information technology. The
countries have set target to increase bilateral trade to 15 billion USD by 2022.
2. Outcomes
Animal Husbandry is the new area over which the countries have identified potential
cooperation. This is mainly due to the common genetic heritage between the countries.
3. Concerns
The countries agreed to address the issue of sugarcane bilaterally. The issue was raised
by Brazil at WTO complaining India is extending support to local sugarcane growers.
According to WTO, Most Favoured Nation status should be awarded by the members to
every other member. This will exclude special tariff and also exclude restriction on
imports and exports helping to increase trade globally.
195. Padma Awards announced on Republic Day
On January 26, 2020, Government of India announced 141 Padma Awards on the
occasion of 71st Republic Day celebrations.
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1. Highlights
Former Union Ministers George Fernandes, Arun Jaitley and Sushma Swaraj are to be
awarded with Padma Vibhushan posthumously. Former PM of Mauritius Anerood
Jugnauth, Boxer MC Mary Kom, Hindustani classical vocalist Chhannulal Mishra are also
to be awarded with the prestigious award.
2. Padma Awards
The awards are one of the highest civilian honours of India. The awards are presented in
three categories namely Padma Vibhushan, Padma Shri and Padma Bhushan. The
awards are conferred based on the recommendations made by the Padma Awards
Committee. The committee is constituted by the Prime Minister every year. However, the
nomination process is open to the public as well. Even self-nominations are allowed.
196. DRDO displays A-SAT weapon system at Republic Day Parade
On January 26, 2020, the Defence Research Development Organization (DRDO)

displayed the A-SAT weapon system. A-SAT is the Anti-Satellite Weapon System. India is
one of the few countries in the world to own the technology. The other countries include
US, China and Russia.
1. Highlights
DRDO launched “Mission Shakti”, the first A-SAT mission. The mission demonstrated
anti-satellite technology. The mission destroyed a live orbiting satellite at the Low Earth
Orbit. The mission used a missile at a speed of 11 km per second to destroy the satellite.
2. International Treaty
India is a signatory of the international treaty on space, the 1967 Outer Space Treaty.
According to the treaty, mass destruction of weapons in outer space are alone
prohibited.
197. Shiv Bhojan Tali Scheme launched in Maharashtra
At the 71st celebrations of Republic Day, Maharashtra Govenrment launched the Shiv
Bhojan Scheme. The scheme will offer meals at Rs 10 to the poor.
1. Highlights
On the eve of Republic Day, at least one Shiv Bhojan canteen was started at the district
head quarters all over the state. The scheme aims at providing meals to the poor at
designated centres during stipulated time.
2. About the Centre

Also, the centres of the scheme are to opened at places where the below poverty line
citizens live. Also, it is to be opened in areas like district hospitals, markets, railway
stations. Initially the Government has planned to set up 50 such centres. The numbers
are to be increased based on the feedback.
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198. Kobe Bryant, a retired NBA star dies in Helicopter Crash
The NBA (National Basketball Association) star Kobe Bryant died in a helicopter crash. He
retired from the game in 2016. He has won two gold medals in Olympics, one in 2008
and the other in 2012. The star had won 5 championships so far.
1. Kobe Bryant
Bryant was the first guard in the American history to play 20 seasons. He was also a five-
time champion. He won the championship in 2000, 2001, 2002, 2009 and 2010.
2. National BasketBall Association

The NBA is a basketball league located in North Amercia. It is composed of 30 teams. It
was founded in New York City in 1946. NBA is one of the four major sports league USA.
The other 3 major sports league include Major League Baseball, National Football League
and National Hockey League.
3. NBA in India
NBA launched the first basket ball school in 2017. The school was launched at Mumbai.
The school trains both male and female basket ball players between the age of 6 and 18.
199. Global Potato Conclave to be held in Gujarat
The Global Potato Conclave is to be held between January 28 and January 31, 2020. PM
Modi is to attend the conclave. PM Modi is to address the conclave.
1. Highlights
The conclave will hold live demonstrations of potato varieties, farm equipment,
management practices. The conclave will include researchers from more than 30
countries and is to be conducted under 10 themes. It will cover next generation breeding
practices, efficient management practices of potato cultivation, management strategies
of potato diseases and pests. The themes of the conclave are as follows
2. Significance
After rice and wheat, potato is the third most important food crop in the world. The
growth of potato has increased by 40% between 1961 and 2016. However, the area
under potato production has decreased from 22.14 million hectares to 19.24 million
hectares.
200. Andhra Pradesh Cabinet nods to abolish Legislative Council
On January 27, 2020, the Andhra Pradesh cabinet cleared to abolish Legislative Council.
It is to be noted that the Legislative Council stalled two bills that were passed by the
assembly. It includes AP Capital Region Development Authority Repeal Bill and
Decentralization bill.
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1. State Legislative Council
Andhra Pradesh is one of the few states to have bicameral legislature. The states with
legislative council includes Bihar, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh and Telangana.
2. Constitutional Provisions
Article 169 of the constitution defines Legislative Council. As of November 2019, there
are 6 states with State Legislative Council. The members of the State Legislative Council
are selected in the following way
201. GoI signs “Historic Accord”, Bodo Agreement
On January 27, 2020, the Government of India signed the historic agreement with the
nine factions of the National Democratic Front of Bodoland (NDFB). According to the
agreement, the Bodoland Territorial Area District will hold special rights for the locals.
However, the outsiders will have to obtain “permit” to work in the territory.
1. Highlights
The agreement will provide political rights to the Bodo Tribals living in Assam. The
agreement was signed in the presence of Home Minister Amit Shah and Assam Chief
Minister Sarbanand Sonowal and the leaders of the NDFB.
2. Bodo Accord- Bodoland Territorial Area District

The accord signed is the third agreement signed in 27 years. The first was signed with
All Bodo Students Union in 1993 and the second was signed with the Bodo Liberation
Tigers in 2003. The third agreement led to the formation of Bodoland Territorial Council
under the sixth Schedule of the Constitution. The BTC now administrates 4 districts in
Assam namely Chirang, Kokrajhar, Baska and Udalguri. These areas are called the
Bodoland Territorial Area Districts.
202. January 27: International Holocaust Remembrance Day
The United Nations Department of Global Communications marked the International Day
of Commemoration in Memory of Victims of Holocaust on January 27. This year, 2020
marks 75th anniversary of the day.
1. Highlights
The International Day marks the ending of world war II. It also marks the establishment
of United Nations formed in response to the crimes of Holocaust and Second World War.
This year, the theme of the day is as follows
2. The Holocaust
The holocaust was the genocide of the European Jews between 1941 and 1945. Two-
thirds of European population were Jews. Around two-thirds of the European population
were Jewish and Nazis under the leadership of Hitler murdered around 6 million.
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203. GoI new Target: Indian Railways to run 100% on electricity by 2024
On January 27, 2020, the Union Minister Piyush Goyal announced that Indian Railways
will run 100% on electricity by 2024. In such case, Indian Railways will be the first
Railways to run 100% on electricity. Also, the Indian Railways has planned to make the
network zero-emission network by 2030.
1. Electrification Project
Previously in 2019, the target to run 100% electrified Railways was set to be achieved by
2023. So far, till 2017-18, 4,087 km route had already been electrified. Upon success,
the fuel bill will reduce by Rs 13,510 crores.
2. Current Scenario
Today Indian trains run on diesel or electricity. Around two-third of the freight movement
in India is through Indian Railways. At present, Electric traction accounts to 57.91% of
energy expenses of Indian Railways (as per November 2019)
3. Need
According to NITI Aayog, the carbon emission from the Indian Railways is around 6.84
million tonnes (2014).
January 28, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
204. Corona virus: WHO increases global risk from moderate to high
On 27 January, 2020, the World Health Organization arrived in China to discuss the ways
the Corona Virus is spreading. The death toll due to the virus has reached 106 and
around 4,000 people have been infected so far.
1. Highlights
The WHO had earlier reported that the spread of the virus is moderate. However, it has
now changed its status of risk of the virus as “high”.
2. Spread of the Virus

The virus has spread to France, China, Canada, US, Japan, Thailand, Sri Lanka. In India,
an Indian medical student (Rajasthan) who recently travelled from China has been
quarantined.
3. Effects of the virus

Several countries like US, Canada, India, France have warned against travel to China.
The Global stocks have fell down and Chinese Yuan has dipped to its weakest level in
2020. The oil prices have hit a three-month low as China is making moves to keep its
citizens at home. China has extended its Lunar New Year holiday to restrict people
mobility in the country.
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4. Chinese New Year
The Chinese follow a lunisolar calendar. The first day of the Chinese New Year always
begins as a New Moon Day. The Lunisolar calendar divides a year into 24 solar terms.
205. India’s first underwater Metro: To begin in March 2022 in Kolkata
The first underwater Metro is being constructed in Hooghly river. The project is awaiting
clearance of 2.8 million USD from the Indian Railways.
1. Highlights
The Hooghly Metro is one of the oldest Metro in the country. It was started in 1984. The
new under water tunnel will carry 20% of city’s population and will cross the river in less
than a minute. Currently it takes 20 minutes in the ferry to cross the river and an hour to
cross the Howrah bridge.
2. Infrastructure and Environment

While the infrastructural developments are increasing exponentially, it is important to
check their effects on environment. According to World Wide Funds, by 2050 the Earth
will hold 75% more infrastructure than that it does today. Therefore, it is essential to
study their Environmental impacts and take necessary alternate actions to protect the
environment.
3. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

According to United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP), EIA is the evaluation of
environmental impacts and also cultural, human-health and socio-economic impacts of a
proposed project.
4. EIA in India
EIA in India began in 1976. However, it was an administrative decision till 1994. In 1994
Environmental (Protection) act, 1986 was amended to provide legislative support to EIA
process
206. Bengal becomes the fourth state to pass resolution against CAA
The Citizenship (Amendment) Act was legislated by the Parliament during this winter
session. However, several states are agitating over the non-inclusion of Muslims in the
law. Kerala was the first state to pass a resolution against the act. Recently, the state of
West Bengal has passed similar resolution.
1. Highlights
After Kerala, Punjab and Rajasthan, West Bengal passed a resolution against CAA.
According to West Bengal, the act does not stick to secularism. Also, the state claims
that NPR, CAA and NRC are co-related.
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2. NPR
NPR is National Population Register that holds the names of the residents of India. The
register is prepared and updated based on the Citizenship Act 1955 and Citizenship
(Registration of Citizens and Issue of National Identity Card) rules, 2003. The NPR was
updated in 2010 and the details were collected along with the Census of India, 2011.
3. Legislation
Section 14A of the Citizenship Act says that the Central Government has to register
every citizen compulsorily and issue an identity card to him. Also, the Government shall
maintain a register of Indian Citizens. In order to achieve this, it shall establish a National
Registration Authority.
207. US: 25,000 Child porn cases in 5 months in India; Rajya Sabha panel
report on child porn
On January 28, 2020, a non-profit organization in the US called the National Centre for
Missing and Exploited Children (NCMEC) said that over 25,000 cases of child
pornography have been uploaded in 5 months in India. The data has been shared by the
organization with the National Crime Records Bureau.
1. Highlights
The Home Ministry has signed an agreement with the NCMEC in 2019 to obtain data on
Child pornography being uploaded in India. According to Ministry of Home Affairs, Delhi
tops the list when it comes to Child sexual Abuse material followed by Maharashtra,
Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal.
2. POCSO Act
In June 2019, the Indian Government widened the definition of Child pornography under
POCSO (Prevention of Children from Sexual Offences) act. It now covers visual depiction,
video, photograph, digital or computer-generated image that appears to depict a child.
3. Rajya Sabha Panel

An Ad-hoc committee was constituted by the Chairman of Rajya Sabha Shri M Venkaiah
Naidu. The committee has submitted its report on January 26, 2020. The committee has
made 40 recommendations to prevent sexual abuse of children.
208. January 28: Lala Lajpat Rai Birth Anniversary Celebrated
On January 28, 2020, the India celebrated the legend Lala Lajpat Rai’s 155th birth
anniversary. He is one of the most celebrated freedom fighters in the country. His
patriotism earned him titles such as “Punjab Kesari” and “Lion of Punjab”.
1. Lala Lajpat Rai

He was born on 28 January, 1865 in Punjab. His father was a Government School
teacher.
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2. Lal Bal Pal
He was one of the triumvirates of the Lal Bal Pal. It includes Lala Lajpat Rai of Punjab, Bal
Gangadhar Tilak of Maharashtra and Bipin Chandra Pal of Bengal. The three leaders
changed the political discoursed of the Indian Movement. They mobilized Indians across
the countries and strengthened Swadeshi Movement. They also were active participants
in involving Indians against Bengal Partition.
3. Movements
He was an active participant of Hindu Reform Movements, Indian Independence
Movements, Indian Nationalist Movements. Young men Bhagat Singh and Chandrasekhar
Azad were greatly influenced by Rai. He was also a major participant of the protests
against Simon commission.
4. Institutions
He founded several institutions and organizations such as Hisar Bar Council, Hisar Arya
Samaj, Hisar Congress, National DAV Managing Committee.
209. Resolution against CAA in European Parliament; India’s Measures
On January 29, 2020, the European Parliament is set to discuss the Citizenship
(Amendment) Act (CAA).
1. Highlights
Though the resolution made by the parliament do not affect the decision of the European
Council or commission, it might impinge the bilateral relations between India and
European Union. PM Modi is to visit Brussels in March 2020 to attend India-EU summit
and the External Affairs Minister is scheduled to visit in mid-February.
2. Six Resolutions
Around six resolutions are to be taken up for discussion in the EU Parliament. It includes
3. India’s Measures
The Lok Sabha Speaker has written to the European Parliament requesting the EU
parliament to respect sovereign processes of fellow legislatures.
4. Supreme Court on CAA

The Supreme Court on January 22, 2020 pronounced its decision on CAA without hearing
the case. The apex court has given 4 weeks for the centre to respond to the petitions
that challenged CAA.
5. India-EU relations
The European Union is India’s largest trading partner. The European Union account to 92
billion Euros (2018-19) of trade. It accounts to 18% of Indian Exports
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210. Britain releases new 50 pence coin marking BREXIT
The British Government has unveiled a new 50 pence coin commemorating Brexit. The
coin has the inscription “Peace, Prosperity and Friendship with all nations”. Around 3
million coins are to be distributed from post offices, banks and shops from January 31,
2020.
1. India and Brexit

More than 800 Indian companies have invested in UK. Some of them have made their
investments aiming at the wider European market. UK is the third largest FDI contributor
in India. Also, India is the largest G20 investor of the United Kingdom. The key sectors
attracting investment in the UK are agritech, health care, drinks and food.
2. Britain and Brexit

According to the International Monetary Fund, Brexit will reduce the size of the Britain
Economy by 5%. The impact will reduce its economic activities by 3.8% to 7.5% by 2030.
211. Passport Renewal Reminder Services begun by Passport Seva

Kendras
On January 28, 2020, the Ministry of External Affairs launched the Passport renewal
reminder services. The Passport Seva Kendras operating under the Ministry of External
Affairs will send SMS about the renewal
1. Highlights
The ministry is to send two Reminder messages, one before 9 months and another
before 7 months. Along with the reminder message, the passport holders will also be
informed about the authenticate website of the Ministry which is
www.passportindia.gov.in.
2. Indian Passport
The Indian Passport is issued by the Ministry of External Affairs. The passport serves as a
proof of Indian Citizenship under Passports Act, 1967. Around 65 million Indians hold
passports as of the end of 2015. In 2015, India issued around 12 million new passports.
This number has so far been exceeded only by US and China.
3. Types of Passports
There are three types of passports as follows
212. Report Card on Smart Cities to be released by June 2020
The Government of India will release a report card on 100 selected smart cities by June
2020. The cities are to be assessed based on public performance index, ease of living
and climate in June. The initiative is being undertaken as the Smart City Project
completes 5 years in June.
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1. Highlights
The cities are also to be assessed based on education, economic ability, safety, housing,
development, mobility and health. Of these factors, 35% of weightage is to be given to
quality of life, 20% to sustainability, 20% to economic viability and 30% to citizen
participation.
2. Smart City Mission

Smart City Mission is being implemented by the Ministry of Urban Development. The
mission aims at developing 100 smart cities in the country. Till January 2018, 99 cities
were selected to be upgraded under the mission. Except West Bengal, all the states
have selected at least one city under the mission. The mission was launched by PM Modi
in 2015.
213. MGNREGA scheme faces funds shortage
The MGNREGA (Mahatma Gandhi Rural Employment Guarantee Employment Act)

scheme released its financial statement recently. According to the statement, almost
96% of the money has already been spent. Only 2,500 crores of rupees is left to sustain
the scheme for the next two months.
1. Highlights
According to the financial statement of the scheme, 15 states are in red meaning, there
is fund depletion or fund unavailability. Among all the states, Rajasthan has the highest
negative net balance of Rs 620 crores. Following Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh had a
negative net balance of Rs 323 crores. The budget allocated to the scheme was Rs
60,000 crores and is less as compared to the previous years.
2. Current Scenario
The pending dues in the state of Rajasthan is alone Rs 1,950 crores. Under the scheme,
75% of the wages should be paid within 15 days of time period. However, there is delay
in the payment currently due to lack of funds. This will create lack of confidence among
the citizens over the scheme.
January 29, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
214. Supreme Court: African Cheetah permitted to be introduced in India
On January 28, 2020, Supreme Court ruled that African Cheetah shall be permitted to be
introduced in India. The cat is being introduced on experimental basis.
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1. Highlights
The Apex Court had put the move on hold 10 years back. It was proposed by the then
Environment Minister Jairam Ramesh. The proposal was to introduce foreign Cheetahs
into the Palpur Kuno sanctuary in Madhya Pradesh. However, the Apex Court stalled the
proposal fearing the Cheetahs might become into conflict with the project of
reintroduction of lions in the sanctuary.
2. Need
Cheetah is the only mammal being hunted to extinction in India. The last Cheetah was
sighted in 1952.
3. IUCN Red List

Cheetahs are classified as “Critically Endangered” under the IUCN Red List.
4. Why are the Cheetahs reintroduced in India?

With the Cheetahs extinct in India, the environmentalists suggest that it is essential to
reintroduce them in order to maintain balance in the ecosystem.
215. 10 more Wet lands declared Ramsar Sites: Maharashtra gets its
first Ramsar site
On January 28, 2020, the Union Ministry declared that Ramsar Convention had added 10
more sites from India. Today, there are 37 Ramsar sites in the country.
1. Highlights
Among the 10 sites, Maharashtra (Nadur Madhameshwar) gets its first Ramsar site. The
other wetlands sites include one in Uttar Pradesh and 3 in Punjab (Beas Conservation
Reserve, Keshoupur-Miani and Nangal).
2. Wetland Restoration
In the past 6 months, the ministry of Environment prepared four pronged strategies for
restoration of wetlands. It includes wetland health cards, preparing a baseline data,
preparing targeted Integrated Management and enlisting wetland mitras.
3. Significance
It is important to conserve wetlands for water, food, groundwater recharge, fibre, water
purification, erosion control, flood moderation and climate regulation. Wetlands are the
major source of fresh water. They help to soak rain water and recharge ground water.
216. Bhuvan Panchayat 3.0 launched by ISRO
On January 29, 2020, ISRO (Indian Space Research Organization) launched Bhuvan
Panchayat version 3.0.
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1. Highlights
Under the project, the ISRO will collaborate with Gram panchayat members to
understand their data requirements. The portal will function with the help of satellite
technology of ISRO. The project will run for two years. The portal aims at helping village
development planning process under the Ministry of Panchayati Raj.
2. What is Bhuvan Project?

Bhuvan is a satellite application that is powered by ISRO. It allows users to explore 2D
and 3D representation of the earth.
3. Other Initiatives of ISRO

Along with Department of Land Resources ISRO has developed Srishti to monitor
Integrated Watershed Management Programme. ISRO is also setting up Telangana Water
Resources Information System (TWRIS) on the Bhuvan Web Portal.
4. Other Bhuvan Initiatives

Bhuvan-GAIL monitors pipelines using space technology to address pipeline safety
concerns. The MGNREGA of every Gram Panchayat are to be geo-tagged with the help of
BHUVAN portal.
217. Composite Regional Centre launched in Port Blair
The Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment launched the Composite Regional
Centre (CRC) for skill development, empowerment of persons and rehabilitation in Port
Blair. The Composite Regional Centres in India are located in Kozhikode, Bhopal,
Lucknow, Patna, Guwahati, Srinagar, Ahmedabad, Mandi and Suraghi (Chhattisgarh).
1. Highlights
The CRCs are centres set under Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment in order to
create infrastructure and resources for persons with disabilities. These centres focus at
locals rather than urban areas.
2. Beneficiaries
The GoI targets only a part of the population through these centres. It includes persons
with low-vision, mental retardation, blindness, locomotor disability, hearing impairment,
mental illness, cerebral palsy, leprosy, multiply persons and Autism Spectrum Disorder.
3. Aim
The Central Government aims to reach the unreached disabled population through these
centres. The CRCs help in fastening the process of establishing rehabilitation services.
The centres aim at training of rehabilitation professionals and capacity building at
centre, district and state levels.
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218. “Operation Vanilla” launched by Indian Navy for Disaster Relief at
Madagascar
On January 29, 2020, the Indian Navy launched Operation Vanilla in the Southern Indian
Ocean. The operation was launched based on the request received from Madagascar.
1. Highlights
The Operation has been launched to assist the population of Madagascar that were
affected by Cyclone Diane. The Indian Navy ship Airavat has been deployed in the relief
mission. The operation will provide succor to the flood affected population. The ship will
also set up a medical camp and offer water, food and other essential relief materials.
2. Madagascar
Madagascar is an island country in the Indian Ocean. It is the fourth largest island in the
world. India has been trying to include Madagascar and Comoros in its Indian Ocean
Vision for their strategic location. On the other hand, Seychelles and Mauritius are part
of Indian Ocean Region division.
219. National Commission for Homeopathy bill, 2019 approved by

Cabinet
On January 29, 2020, the Union Cabinet approved National Commission for homeopathy
bill, 2019.
1. Highlights
The bill is being introduced for the following amendments
2. Current Legislation
The Homeopathy Central Council act, 1973 is currently governing the Homeopathy
education and practices in the country. The act has been extracted based on the Indian
Medical Council Act, 1956.
3. Homeopathy Central Council

The functions, regulation and powers of the council is very similar to that of the Indian
Medical Council of India. The amendments are being introduced as there has been
serious detrimental effects in medical education and delivery of Homeopathy health care
services in the country.
220. Cabinet: National Commission for Indian System of Medicine Bill,

2019 approved
The Union Cabinet on January 29, 2020 approved the official amendments to National
Commission for Indian System of Medicine bill, 2019. The bill is currently pending in
Rajya Sabha
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1. Highlights
The amendments will introduce necessary regulatory reforms in the Indian System of
Medicine Education. It will also enhance transparency and accountability towards the
public. It will promote affordable health care services in all parts of the country.
2. National Commission for Indian system of Medicine (NCIM)

The main objective of establishing NCIM is to ensure adequate supply of skilled medical
professionals and also increase ethical standards of medical standards of Indian System
of Medicine.
3. NCIM bill, 2017

The bill facilitates maintenance of register of Indian systems of medicine. It also
encourages interface between different medicinal systems. The bill provides periodic
assessments of medicinal institutions. An advisory council for the system shall be
constituted.
221. The Medical Termination of Pregnancy (Amendment) Bill, 2020

approved by Cabinet
On January 29, 2020, the Union Cabinet approved Medical Termination of Pregnancy
(Amendment) Bill, 2020. The bill aims to amend the Medical Termination of Pregnancy
act, 1971. The bill is to be introduced in the coming session of Parliament
1. Highlights
According to the proposal, termination of pregnancy is to be extended to 24 weeks. It
was 20 weeks earlier. The extension is only for special category of women. It includes
rape victims, survivors of rape and other vulnerable women like differently-abled
women.
2. Significance
The bill is a step towards increasing access of women to safe abortion services. The
months have been increased considering the advancements in medical technology. The
amendments were proposed by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.
3. First Legalization of Abortion

In India the Shah Committee was appointed to review the socio-cultural and medical
aspects of abortion. It was this committee that recommended legalization of abortion for
the first time.
222. Cure for Corona Virus: AYUSH recommends Unani Medicines
The World Health Organization recently increased the spreading risk of Corona Virus
from medium to high. With the virus spreading to different parts of the world like Japan,
US, UK, Sri Lanka, Germany, India has found its cure!
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1. Highlights
A Siddha Doctor from Tamil Nadu has claimed to have formulated a herbal medicine to
cure Corona Virus.
2. Genome Sequencing
The Chinese researchers have found out from the genome sequences of the new Virus
that the virus belongs to Corona Virus family. The sequencing also says that the virus
has similarities with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) corona virus.
3. SARS
The SARS outbreak happened in 2002 and 2003. The virus took the lives of around 774
people all over the world. SARS also began spreading from China. However, since 2004
no SARS cases have been found.
223. “Madhavpur Mela” of North East reviewed; Cabinet approves 30%

NEC allocation to new projects
On January 29, 2020, the Union Minister of Development of NER (North Eastern Region),
reviewed the preparations of Madhavpur Mela in Gujarat. It is to be organized in
Porbandar (the birth place of Gandhiji).
1. Highlights
All the eight north eastern states are to participate in the Mela. It includes Assam,
Sikkim, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Tripura, Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland. The
Mela is to commence in April 2020.
2. Significance
The Mela will integrate the cultures of North-East regions and Gujarat under Ek Bharat
Shreshtha Bharat.
3. Developmental Aspects
Apart from cultural importance, the mela will also focus on the developmental aspects of
the north eastern states. The Mela will focus on setting up of Bamboo Industrial Park in
Assam, establishment of North East Convention Centre at Dwarka and introduction of
sea plane.
4. Cabinet Approval
The cabinet has approved that 30% of the North East Council funds are to be allocated
to new projects. These projects have been given least importance so far. With increased
fund allocation they will be able to reach in pace with the older projects and help in
faster development
January 30, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
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224. NITI Aayog’s Aspirational District Ranking released: Chandauli of
UP tops
On January 29, 2020, the NITI Aayog released the ranking of Aspirational Districts of the
country for the month of December 2019. The ranking is released every month.
1. Highlights
The Chandauli district of UP topped the list followed by Bolangir of Odisha, YSR (AP) in
second and third positions respectively. Sahibanj of Jhatkhand and Hailakandi of Assam
were placed in fourth and fifth places. The rankings were done for 112 aspirational
districts. The districts were selected from six developmental areas in December 2019.
2. Parameters
The areas evaluated during the ranking includes Health and Nutrition, agriculture,
education, skill development, financial inclusion, basic infrastructure and water
resources.
3. Aspirational Districts Programme

The Programme was launched in January 2018. The main objective of the programme is
to transform the districts that have been pockets of under-development. These cities
show relatively lesser progress. Also, the ranking helps in competitive Federalism and
hence hastens overall development.
225. World Sustainable Development Summit organized by TERI first

time in New Delhi
The World Sustainable Summit is an annual event organized by The Energy and
Resources Institute (TERI). It is being organized since 2001. The event has become a
premier international event focusing on developing actions.
1. Highlights
The event is to be held between January 29, 2020 and January 31, 2020. This year, the
event is being held at New Delhi. The theme of the event is
2. About the 2020 Summit

The Summit includes Sustainable Action Dialogues, Regional dialogues, corporate
conclaves, IFAT Delhi 2020 (Exhibition of Clean Technologies), Youth Volunteer
Programmes
3. Sustainable Development
The concept of Sustainable Development has its roots in sustainable forest management
during 17th and 18th century. The Global Movement for Sustainable Development began
in 2005. It launched the UN decade of Education for Sustainable Development. This was
the turning point for the world to begins its journey towards sustainable development.
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226. War Memorial built by Assam Rifles in Nagaland
The Assam Rifles has constructed war memorial for 357 personnel who sacrificed their
lives fighting against insurgency in the North Eastern State. The Memorial is first of its
kind in the state. It has been constructed at Mokokchung in Assam.
1. Highlights
The War Memorial has been designed in concentric circular form. It has three converging
posts signifying all the three forces Army, Assam Rifles and Air Force.
2. Assam Rifles
It is the oldest paramilitary force in india. It was called the “Cachar Levy”. The four
forces namely Assam Frontier Police, Eastern Bengal Military Force, Assam Military Police
and the Assam Military Force were joined to form the Assam Rifles in 1917. The
predecessor forces of Assam Rifles have served in World War I, Middle East and Europe.
Assam Rifles participated in World War II.
3. Veer Samriti
Veer Samriti is the second world war cemetery located in Kohima.
227. Surajkund Mela-International Crafts Fair organized by Haryana with

HP as theme state
On February 1, 2020, President Ram Nath Kovind will inaugurate the 34th Surajkund
International Crafts Fair. The fair is being organized by the Haryana Government in
Faridabad. Around 20 countries and the states of India are participating in the fair.
1. Highlights
The partner country of the fair is Uzbekistan. The theme state of the fair is Himachal
Pradesh. This year the state of Himachal Pradesh will showcase its handicrafts, heritage
and tourism potential. The Tourism Department has constructed replica of Ram Bag
Gate and Bhimakali temple. The state will also perform its traditional dances and music.
2. Significance
The fair will help to promote tourism. It will also aid the state of Himachal Pradesh to
display its huge adventure potential focusing mainly on water sports. The fair was
upgraded to international level in 2013 and since 2015, around 20 countries are being
invited.
228. UN Development Programme: Telangana tops sustainable growth

goals performer list
According to the United National Development Programme (UNDP), Telangana has

emerged the best performing states in terms of achieving Sustainable Development
Goals (SDG).
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1. Highlights
Telangana topped the UNDP ranking of Indian states based on their progress in
achieving SDGs. The state of Telangana scored 82. It was followed by states of Andhra
Pradesh and Karnataka together with a score of 72. However, Kerala followed by
Himachal Pradesh lead the list.
2. Telangana
The state has improved in 8 out of 17 SDGs. It has moved from score of 75 to 82. It out
performed in clean water, energy, sanitation. The state was also ranked number one in
terms of Reduced Inequality. It was ranked third in Affordable and Clean Energy and
fourth in climate action.
3. Performance of Telangana
In terms of economic growth, the state has jumped from 75% to 82%. In terms of clean
water and sanitation, the state has improved from 55% to 84%. In terms of sustainable
cities and communities the state has improved from 44% to 62%.
229. January 30: World Neglected Tropical Diseases Day
Every year January 30 is to be marked as World Neglected Tropical Diseases day. The
day creates awareness in addressing the tropical diseases. This is the first time World
NTD Day that is being marked.
1. Neglected Tropical Diseases

The Neglected Tropical Diseases are caused by pathogens such as bacteria, helminths,
viruses and protozoa. They are common in low-income countries of Asia, Africa and
America.
2. Significance
WHO estimates that more than a billion population spread across 149 countries are
affected from Neglected Tropical Diseases. The common NTD of India is Lymphatic
filariasis.
230. Transparency International: Assam tops in budget formulation
According to the survey conducted by Transparency International, Assam tops in terms

of budget formulation followed by Odisha and Andhra Pradesh. The states that were
ranked lower in terms of budget formulation are Goa, Maharashtra and Punjab.
1. Highlights
The survey was conducted by the organization based on four parameters such as
budgetary process, public disclosure, post budget fiscal management and efforts to
make budget citizen friendly.
131
2. Transparency International
The international Non-Governmental Organization measures and prevents criminal
activities arising due to corruption. It releases Global Corruption Index annually. The
organization is also a member of UNESCO, United National Global Compact, UNESCO
Consultative Status, United Nations Sustainable Development Group.
3. Other Key products of Transparency International

The Organization also provides Global Corruption Barometer that asks citizens about
their personal experiences of corruption in their daily lives. Apart form this the
organization also publishes Government Anti-Corruption Index.
231. SAMPRITI-IX: India-Bangladesh Joint Military Exercise to be held in

Meghalaya
A Joint Military Exercise between India and Bangladesh is to be held at Umroi, Meghalaya
between 3rd February, 2020 and 16th February, 2020. The exercise is called “SAMPRITI”
1. Highlights
During the joint exercise, Command Post Exercise and Field Training Exercise is to be
conducted according to United Nations Charter. The troops of both the armies will also
practice Counter Terrorist operation.
2. India-Bangladesh Defence Cooperation

In 2017, India and Bangladesh signed defence agreements in order to conduct military
exercises. India since then has been assisting Bangladesh in training their officers.
3. Other Exercises
The first ever India-Bangladesh Naval exercise was conducted in Vishakhaptnam in
October 2019. The Bangladesh Naval Ships also participated in CORPAT before arriving
to Vizag for the joint Naval Exercise.
232. Indian Railways to roll out Automatic Identification and Data

Collection
The Indian Railways is to implement plans for RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification). The
railways is to tag around 3,50,000 rolling stocks by 2021.
1. Highlights
Under the programme, around 3,500 coaches have been fitted with RFID so far. This will
help the Indian Railways in early identification of rolling stock. A rolling stock includes
carriages, locomotives, wagons and other vehicles used in Railways.
2. RFID
RFID is a technology that exchanges data trough Radio Frequency. The tag is used to
track individual objects. The RFID tags are designed by Centre for Railway Information
Systems.
132
3. CRIS
The CRIS develops and maintains information systems of Indian Railways. CRIS is located
in Chanakyapuri, New Delhi. It was established in 1986.
4. Need
Indian Railways is the largest railway system in the world. It carries around 3 million
tonnes of freight and 23 million passengers in over 65,000 kilometres route. Therefore, it
is essential to trace rolling stocks and track them accurately.
233. Indian National Commission for Cooperation with UNESCO held in

New Delhi
On January 30, 2020, the Indian Commission for Cooperation with UNESCO (INCCU) was
chaired by the Union Human Resource Development Minister Shri Ramesh Pokhriyal
“Nishank”. UNESCO is United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization.
Along with the UNESCO commission, the event was also attended by the sub
commissions namely Social Sciences, Culture, Education, Natural Sciences and Culture.
1. Highlights
After the reconstitution of the commission, it has met for the first time. The sub
commissions will aid in achieving the objectives of UNESCO in India. This will help in
strengthening India’s image globally. The meeting also stressed on achieving 2030
Sustainable Development Goals.
2. India and UNESCO

India is a founding member of UNESCO. The UNESCO office in India is a cluster office for
11 countries. They are Bhutan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Maldives,
Afghanistan, Iran, Myanmar, India and Mongolia.
January 31, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
234. WHO: International Health Emergency declared over Corona Virus
On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization declared International Health
Emergency over Corona Virus.
1. Highlights
The organization has declared emergency as the disease has spread to 18 other
countries apart from China where it originated. Also, the disease is spreading through
human-to-human contact.
133
2. What is PHEIC?
PHEIC is Public Health Emergencies of International Concern. According to IHR
(International Health Regulations, 2005) of WHO, PHEIC is defined as an extraordinary
event that fulfils the following
3. India’s scenario
India so far has reported its first case of novel corona virus in Kerala. India has also
requested permission from China to bring back Indian nationals through 2 flights.
235. World Games Athlete of the Year, 2019-Title won by Rani Rampal
The Indian Women Hockey Team player Rani Rampal has won the “World Game Athlete
of the Year, 2019” title. She is the first hockey player in the world to receive the title.
1. Athlete of the Year

The title is awarded to the winner selected through a voting process. The award is
presented to an awardee who is outstanding in terms of social concern, performance and
good behavior.
2. About Rani Rampal

Rani Rampal is called the “Queen of Indian Hockey”. She joined the Indian Hockey
National Team at the age of 15. She is the current captain of the team. In 2020, Rani
Rampal was awarded with Padmashri, one of India’s most prestigious awards.
3. Other nominated players

Around 20 players all over the world were nominated for the voting process. Among
them, Stanislav Horuna, a Ukranian Karate player secured second rank followed by the
Canadian Athlete Rhea Stinn who finished third power lifting.
236. CII celebrates 125 years; Tamil Nadu CM launches new scheme at
the event
The Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) is celebrating its 125th birth anniversary in the
year 2020. In order to commemorate its anniversary, the organization has been hosting
several events in different parts of India under the theme
1. History
The CII is India’s premier business association that works to sustain an environment that
is conducive towards the economic growth of the country.
2. Tamil Nadu Scheme

The Tamil Nadu Chief Minister on 30th January 2020, announced “Direct CTO (Consent
To Operate) Scheme for Green Industries” to mark the 125th birth anniversary of CII. The
scheme also helps to improve Ease of Doing Business.
3. Pillars of CII
The CII works on the four pillars as follows
134
237. Google: Tangi Application; AI Model for Killer Whales; 1 million USD
Grant
On January 31, 2020, Google announced I million USD grant to promote news literacy
among Indians. Also, the organization has launched a new application called “Tangi”.
1. Highlights: Grant
The Google News Initiative has announced to contribute 1 million USD grant to improve
news literacy of Indians. The grant is to be used to build a strong network against fake
news producers in the country. Around 300 workshops, boot camps and sessions are to
be organized to train journalists, academicians and fast-checkers on the authentication
of the published content on the internet. The training is to be provided in 7 Indian
languages
2. Highlights: Tangi Application

The Tangi Application of Google focuses on Do It Yourself videos. The name of the
application has been inspired from TeAch aNd GIve.
3. Highlights: AI Model
Google has used an AI model that listens to Killer Whales, identifies the origin of sound
and displays its location. The model has been installed in Canada. According to Centre
for Whale Research, only 73 Southern Resident Orcas (a sub species of Killer Whales) are
left in the world
238. TERI: India’s Steel Demand to increase carbon emissions by 600 MT
On January 31, 2020, at the World Sustainable Development Summit released its report
on India’s Steel Demand. According to the report, if the steel demand of the country
continues to grow, the carbon-dioxide emissions from the steel sector will reach 600
million tonnes by 2050.
1. Highlights
The TERI released its report titled, “Towards a Low Carbon Steel Sector: Overview of the
Changing Market, Technology and Policy Context for Indian Steel”. According to the
report, the current carbon-dioxide emissions from steel sector is 242 Million Tonnes. This
is 35% of total carbon dioxide emissions of the country. It is to quadruple in three to four
decades.
2. Suggestions made by the report

In order to manage the increase in steel demand emissions, India should start increasing
the use of domestic scrap and deploy energy efficiency measures. The report also
recommends establishing low carbon technologies. It also expects that the
decarbonization technologies that are in the demonstration stage will reach commercial
markers in next 20 years.
135
239. Economic Survey 2020 tabled in the Parliament by the Finance
Minister
The Economic Survey of the Fiscal Year 2020 has been tabled in both the houses of
Parliament. The survey highlights economic trends in the country, development over the
past 12 months and facilitates better mobilization of resources.
1. Highlights
 The Current Fiscal Growth is 5%
 The projected GDP growth for the year 2020-21 is 6% to 6.5%
 The industrial growth for the Fiscal Year 2020 (2019-20) has been 2.5%
 The Forex Reserves of the Fiscal Year 2019 (2018-19) was 461.2 billion USD
 The GST collection for the FY20 has grown by 4.1%
2. Theme and its significance

The theme for the Economic Survey 2020 is
2.1. Significance
The investments grew between 2008 and 2013. After 2013, the credit (money inflow
towards the economy or investments) has been slowing down. The year 2013 saw the
highest investments (between 2008-19) mainly due to corporate sector. The credit has
been declining mainly due to global scenario of economic slowdown. This decline of
investments is the major reason for the economic slow down after 2017. Therefore, it is
essential to CREATE WEALTH. In other words, to increase investments. This will aid in
long term economic growth according to the survey.
3. Infrastructure
The Survey says that in order to achieve 5 trillion USD by 2024-25, India has to spend
1.4 trillion USD. This has to be done to avoid the constraint of lack of infrastructural
growth in the path of India’s target.
4. Livestock
According to the survey, Livestock has become a major secondary source of income for
rural families. This has gained the sector a major role in achieving India’s goal of
doubling farmer’s income by 2022. The growth of Livestock has been 7.9% in the last
five years.
5. Green India
The Survey also says that the forest and tree cover has reached 80.73 million hectares.
This is 24.56% of total geographical area of the country. The states that have gained
forest cover are Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir. On the other hand, the
states showing decline in forest cover are Manipur, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh and
Mizoram.
6. Ayushman Bharat
The scheme proposed to set up one and a half Health and Wellness Centres (HWC) by
2022. So far 28,005 HWCs have been set up as on 14th January, 2020.
136
7. Out of Pocket Expenditure
The Out of Pocket Expenditure on Helath has declined from 64.2% in 2013-14 to 58.7%
in 2016-17.
8. Job Creation
The job creation of salaried employees or regular wage employees increased by 5% in
2017-18 as compared to 2011-12. The jobs increase was 18% in 2011-12 and increased
to 23% in 2017-18
9. Green Bond Market

India has become the second largest emerging Green Bond Market after China. India in
2019 joined the International Platform of Sustainable Finance to increase the
environmentally sustainable investments
10. Service Sector

The Service sector accounts to 55% of the Indian Economy according to the Survey. It
contributes two-third of the FDI inflows and 38% of Indian exports.
11. Other Inferences

 The Inflation declined from 3.2% in April 2019 to 2.6% in December 2019. This reflects
weakening of demand in the economy
 Women employment between 2011-12 and 2017-18 has increased by 8%
240. Amazon partnering with Eastern Railways sets up pick-up kiosk in

Kolkata after Mumbai
After Mumbai, the Amazon India private e-commerce firm has set up its second pick up
kiosk in Kolkata’s Sealdah Railway Station.
1. Highlights
The pick-up kiosk has been set up in partnership with the Eastern Railways. It is to be
noted that in 2019, the E-Commerce firm had set up pickup kiosk in four railway stations
of Mumbai. The pick up kiosk allows the customers to pick up packages at railway
stations.
2. Tie-up with Indian Railways

In October 2019, Amazon India tied up with the Indian Railways to transport customer
packages through Railways on the routes of Mumbai to New Delhi, New Delhi to Kolkata.
3. What are the benefits?

This tie up with the Amazon India, will help Indian Railways meet its freight and
passenger earning targets. This will help in its dwindling finances. The Freight earnings
of Indian Railways till November 2019 has been 4.32% less than the same period of
previous year and 19.72% lower than the target fixed. Similarly, the passenger earning
was 5.33% lesser than the same period of previous year.
137
241. ISRO preparing 500 low cost satellite launch vehicles in 5 years
The Indian Space Research Organization is preparing itself to launch vehicles of cost Rs
30-35 crores. These vehicles are capable of carrying satellites weighing 500 kg
1. Highlights
According to ISRO, it has equipped itself to manufacture these satellite vehicles in
around three weeks. ISRO has allocated 1,600 million USD to manufacture these satellite
vehicles. Of this allocated amount, 870 million USD is to be used to produce PSLV (Polar
Satellite Launch Vehicle). The remaining is to be used for Geosynchronous Satellite
Launch Vehicle.
2. Current Scenario
India is looking for opportunities to collaborate with UK and France Space agencies. The
UK Space Trade Mission visited India in the mid of January 2020 to explore areas of
cooperation.
242. Vidya Bal-Social Activist, Feminist passed away
The Veteran Feminist, Social Activist and writer passed away in private nursing home on
January 30, 2020. She was known for her heroic oppressive practices involving women.
She was a forefront fighter for women equality with men
1. Highlights
In 2016, she approached Mumbai High Court demanding enforcement of law to allow
women in all Hindu Religious places. Her Public Interest Litigation was against restriction
of women at Shani Shingnapur temple under Maharashtra Hindu Place of Worship Act,
1956. She won the case paving way for women’s right inside the temple.
2. About Vidya Bal

She worked as an editorial staff of monthly magazine Stree in 1964. Later she founded
Miloon Saryajani in 1989.
243. Indian Railways: First Banana Container Train to boost exports;

First High Capacity Parcel Van
With its firsts increasing, Indian Railways has recently launched a high capacity parcel
van at Delhi Safdarjung Railway Station.
1. Highlights: Parcel Van

The new parcel van was designed and manufactured in Kapurthala Rail Coach Factory. It
is the first of its kind in Linke Hofmann Busch (LHB) coaches. The LHB coaches are the
coaches of the Indian Railways that have been developed by the LHB company of
Germany. They are mostly produced in Kapurthala Coach Factory.
138
2. Highlights: Fruit Train
On January 30, 2020, Indian Railways launched the first “Fruit Train”. The train will
transit from Anantpur in Andhra Pradesh to Mumbai’s Jawaharlal Nehru Port. The train
dispatched the first shipment of 890 tonnes of banana in 43 refrigerated containers.
244. First indigenous bio-jet fuel powered IAF aircraft lands successfully
in Leh
The AN-32 aircraft of Indian Air Force powered with 10% blend of bio-jet fuel took off and
landed successfully in Leh airport.
1. Highlights
This is the first time, bot the engines of an aircraft are powered with bio-jet fuel. Leh is
located at an altitude of 10,682 feet above sea level and is one of the highest
operational air field. It challenging to fly an aircraft in the region due to wind turbulence
and proximity of mountainous terrain.
2. Fuel Technology
The technology of the fuel was produced by CSIR-IIP in 2013. However, it couldn’t be
used for commercial purposes due to lack of aviation test facilities. Indian Air force in
2018, sponsored the project and channelized material resources and human resources
to complete fuel testing.
139

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January 31, 2020

1. Report of Task Force on National Infrastructure Pipeline released

1. Highlights of the report

3. Highlights: Transport sector

6. Highlights: Urban sector

7. Highlights: Rural Sector

2. Rabi Crop Sowing increase by 36 lakh hectares

3. Results of Swachh Survekshan League, 2020 released

4. Kerala: the first state to pass anti-CAA resolution

2. The act and the issue

3. Concerns of North East

1. Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Yojana

6. RPF renamed as Indian Railways Protection Force Service; Railway

1. Railway Protection Force

3. Government Railway Police (GRP)

7. List of Nuclear Installations exchanged between India and Pakistan

2. Agreement on Prohibition of attack against Nuclear Installations

8. India will overtake Germany; Become 4th largest economy in the

9. 10,000 cameras to be used in Gujarat Lion Census, 2020

10. UNICEF Report: More than 1,70,000 violations against Children

11. PM Modi: 5 DRDO laboratories dedicated to nation

12. Election Commission launches PPRTMS-an online system

13. RBI launches MANI application for visually challenged

2. Mahatma Series Notes

4. The Intaglio Print

14. Andhra Pradesh Government plans to deliver sand at door steps

2. Legislation of sand mining

3. MMDR act, 1957

15. Lists of Civilian prisoners and fishermen exchanged between India

1. Guru Gobind Singh

17. Sale of Darjeeling Tea affected by illegal influx of Nepal Tea

18. GoI misses its disinvestment target

2. What is Windfall money?

2. Farmers Science Congress

3. Children Science Congress

21. 2020 Designated as “Year of Nurse and Midwife”

22. India to set strict restrictions on non-essential imports from China

23. Palau first country to ban sunscreen to protect Coral Reefs

2. How are sun creams harmful to corals?

24. World Book Fair, 2020 at New Delhi