GK Today 01 - 31 April 2020

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Current Affairs [PDF] - April 1-29, 2020
Last Updated: June 01, 2020
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Contents
April 1, 2020
1. GoI: Interest Rates on Small Savings Schemes lowered
2. World Bank: 11 million to enter poverty in Pacific and East Asia
3. Ordinance passed for 100% Tax Exemption on donations to PM Cares Fund
4. UN Security Council adopts Resolution on Safety and Security of Peace Keepers, First of its Kind
5. ICCR launches International painting competition on COVID-19
6. COVID-19: World Bank offers 1 billion USD for India’ Emergency Response Project
7. GoI extends Foreign Trade Policy
8. ICMR: Three Quasi-sub species of COVID-19 virus in circulation in India
9. GoI regulates 24 classes of medical devices as drugs
10. Navaratnalu Pedalandariki Illu Programme: 25 lakh poor to get houses in AP
11. G20 Finance Ministers Meet: Nirmala Sitaraman represents India
12. Government Scientific Advisor issues manual for Homemade Masks
13. COVID-19: Wimbledon cancelled for the First Time since World Wars
April 2, 2020
14. Vivad Se Vishwas Scheme: Rs 888.09 crores saved by NMDC under the scheme
15. India and China celebrate their 70th anniversary of Diplomatic Relations
16. MOM: AP Government buys from Indian Navy for COVID-19 patients
17. Utkala Dibasa, Odisha Statehood Day celebrated on April 1
18. Food Corporation of India conducts E-Auction to meet goals of Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Ann Yojana
19. COP26 postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic
20. April 2: World Autism Awareness Day
21. United Nations Nuclear Agency sends COVID-19 testing gears to 40 countries
22. United Nations Security council to meet on COVID-19 first time
23. National Book Trust launched “Corona Studies” Book Series
24. DARPG: National Monitoring Dashboard launched
25. WhatsApp Chatbot of GoI launched to curb fake news crossed 1.7 crore users
26. Arogya Setu: Mulit-Lingual Mobile Application launched by GoI to track COVID-19
27. Project Prana: Indigenous ventilators developed by IISc Bengaluru scientists and students
April 3, 2020
28. PM Modi discusses COVID-19 measures with the Chief Ministers
29. New E-NAM Features launched by the Agricultural Ministry
30. Action Covid-19 Team launched in India: First of its kind in the world
31. Bio Suit developed by DRDO for health professionals to fight against COVID-19
32. A New Low-Cost Temperature Gun developed by Indian Navy
33. Exercise NCC Yogdan launched to fight COVID-19
34. Ex-Service Men rise to “Service Before Self” to fight COVID-19
35. GoI launches “COVID-19 Fact Check Unit”
36. Department of Science and Technology to manufacture automated Ventilators
37. National Corona Survey conducted in 410 districts
38. Corona Kavach: Application launched by GoI to locate a COVID-19 positive patient
39. United Nations adopts first resolution on Corona Virus
40. World Games, 2021 postponed to avoid clash with Tokyo Olympics
April 4, 2020
41. Arogya Sanjeevani Insurance Policy: IRDAI launches Guidelines
42. Three Schemes launched to boost Electronic Manufacturing Sector
43. Hotspot Areas of COVID-19 identified and Antibody Tests in Hotspots approved
44. Bharat Biotech to develop intranasal Vaccine for Covid-19
45. India seeks 6 billion USD loans from ADB, AIIB
46. Operation Sanjeevani: 6.2 million tonnes of essential medicines supplied to Maldives
47. COVID-19 Quarantine Alert System: Geo Fencing application to locate Quarantine Violators
48. National Health Authority partners with Uber: Dedicated Transport Services for Health care workers
49. CARUNA: An initiative by the civil servants to fight against COVID-19
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50. How is the power system to be managed during lights off on April 5, 2020?
51. GoI set up Science-Technology Empowered Committee to speed up COVID-19 solutions
52. An Online Hackathon, “Hack the Crisis” launched to work solutions for COVID-19
53. GoI: 30% of Corona Virus cases due to Tablighi Jamaat incident
54. Study: Impacts of COVID-19 lowered due to BCG Vaccination
April 5, 2020
55. TB Machines approved by ICMR for COVID-19 testing
56. JEEVAN: Railway makes low cost prototype of Ventilator; ICMR to test the prototype
57. Asian Youth Games to be held in China in November 2021
58. FIFA Under 17 Women’s World Cup postponed to November
59. “Mo Prativa”: Odisha-UNICEF Programme to engage children during Lock Down
April 6, 2020
60. Ayushman Bharat: 50 Crore poor eligible for testing and treatment
61. GoI: Guidelines for Quarantine issued
62. Food Corporation of India sets record: Movement of 1.93 lakh tonnes of grains in one day
63. NASA’s Artemis: First Human Base Camp on moon’s south pole by 2024
64. Empowered Group constituted to coordinate COVID-19 related Response Activities
65. April 7: World Health Day
66. ICMR approves India’s first home screening test kit of COVID-19
67. Army Medical Corps 256th Raising Day celebrated
68. Prana Vayu: Low Cost Portable Ventilator developed by IIT Roorkee
69. GoI: “MHRD AICTE COVID-19 Student Helpline portal” launched
70. CAWACH: Established by GoI to support startups working on COVID-19
71. What is Lifeline UDAN?
72. A Tiger tests positive of COVID-19 in the US: Zoos on high alert in the country
73. Life Insurance Council: “Force Majeure” does not apply for COVID-19 cases
74. Cabinet: Ordinance to cut salary of PM and MPs by 30% approved
April 7, 2020
75. Centre to States: Maintain the supply of Medical Oxygen
76. Task Force to be set up to prevent Human and Animal transmission of COVID-19
77. Smart Cities Mission: Integrated Command and Control Centres to be used for COVID-19
78. Ordnance Factory Board to introduce “modified tents” to set up isolation units
79. Delhi Government announces 5T plan to control COVID-19
80. GoI launches 5 research projects to mitigate the spread of COVID-19
81. Krishi Vigyan Kendra: Door Delivery of fish Scheme
82. GoI launches “Containment Plan for Large Outbreaks”
83. India restricts export ban of HCQ drug
84. China and US bring in aid for India
85. Jan Aushadhi Sugam App launched: Essential Medicines home delivered by “Swasth Ke Sipahi”
86. India allows export of 12 Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API)
87. Japan declares Emergency
April 8, 2020
88. Exports: GoI launches guidelines for Certificate of Origin
89. NHAI: 3,979 km of NH constructed in one year; Highest in Indian History
90. Samadhan: A challenge launched by the Ministry of Human Resource Development
91. Unemployment Rate in India has increased to 23% due to Lock Down
92. Anti-Microbial Coating Technology approved by DST
93. Imports of Edible Oil decline in India by 32.44%
94. India begins working on Genome Sequencing of COVID-19
95. SAFE Scheme: SIDBI provides working capital of Rs 1 crore to MSME
96. GoI: Scientific Services by CSIR to mitigate COVID-19
97. ILO of United Nations: 400 million Indian workers to sink into poverty
98. United Nations suspended rotation and deployment of Peace keeping forces
99. Three types of Health Care Facilities to be set up to manage COVID-19 cases
100. Funding approved by DST to develop Nasal Passage Gel for COVID-19
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101. Bio Fortified Carrots developed by farmer scientist
102. PM Modi holds meeting regarding Extension of lockdown
April 9, 2020
103. nCoVSENSE Module: Funded by DST to develop Rapid Test of COVID-19
104. United Nations predict India’s GDP at 4.8%
105. TRIFED launches Digital Communication Strategy in collaboration with UNICEF
106. “iGOT”-An Online Training Portal launched on DIKSHA platform of MHRD
107. Supreme Court rules private labs to make COVID-19 tests free of cost
108. RBI: CPI Inflation to ease from 4.8% to 4.4% in Q2
109. GoI allows NGOs to directly buy food grains from NGOs
110. GoI: 2200 Essential Kits created by “Kendriya Bhandar” distributed to the BPL
111. Indian Railways: 2,500 doctors, Isolation wards, time tabled parcel trains
112. GoI sanctions Rs 15,000 crores for its COVID-19 Package
113. Revised Version of Swachhata Application launched to fight COVID-19
114. GoI to provide “Mass Manufacturing Ready” hardware and software for free
115. April 9: CRPF Valour Day
116. Smart City Mission: Mass Disinfection of public places by GoI
117. Saudi-led Coalition calls Ceasefire in Yemen
April 10, 2020

118. “Operation Shield” launched by the Delhi State Government
April 11, 2020

119. TRIFED offers marketing support to Masks under Van Dhan Scheme
120. Fishing and Aquaculture exempted from Lock Down
121. ICMR approves Plasma Therapy Treatment
122. ADB assures 2.2 billion USD loan to India
123. G20: Video Conference of Energy Ministers
April 12, 2020

124. “Global Indian Physician COVID-19 Collaborative” by doctors of Indian Origin
125. April 12: International Day of Human Space Flight
126. Wormivet: Herbal Medication developed by NIF to treat worms
127. DST funds development of Active Virosome Vaccine Production
128. “Bharat Padhe Online Campaign” launched by Ministry of HRD
129. 586 dedicated COVID-19 hospitals set up
130. Double Layered Khadi masks developed by KVIC
131. COVID-19: What are Red, Orange and Green Zones?
April 13, 2020

132. YUKTI Portal launched by Ministry of HRD
133. ICMR: More than 40 vaccines under development of COVID-19
134. Expert Committee constituted by UGC
135. National Rural Livelihood Mission: PPEs by Women SHGs
136. Supreme Court directions on welfare of Migrant workers
137. OPEC and Russia approve biggest Oil Cuts
138. 6,300 Janaushadhi Kendras operating during Lock Down
139. Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana: Rs 5,000 crores transferred for free delivery of LPG
140. Initiatives to prevent disruption of farming activity during lockdown
141. 101st anniversary of Jallianwala Bagh Massacre marked
142. What is Helicopter Money being suggested by World Experts?
143. CollabCAD launched in Atal Tinkering Labs
144. Indo-US IUSSTF to address COVID-19 challenges
145. India’s first remote Health Monitoring System set up in Rishikesh
146. April 14: World Chagas Disease Day
147. NCAER: COVID-19 Lock Down impacts 85% of NCR households
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April 14, 2020
148. CII Report: “Exit from Lock Down”
149. E-NAM completes four years of service
150. Core Strategy Group formed in CSIR
151. First Ship load of Crude Oil reaches India
152. Curbs on Palm oil imports tightened
153. Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana: 32 Crore receive financial assistance
154. ICMR: Remdesvir effective in stopping replication mechanism of COVID-19
155. Siachen Day Commemorated
156. US approves missile sales to India
157. World Bank: India is expected to grow at 1.5% to 2.8%
158. GoI: 20 Control rooms set up to address wage-related issues
159. PM Modi launches “Saptapadi” to fight against COVID-19
160. Ambedkar Jayanti celebrated throughout the country
161. Ordinance to allow states to increase work hours of Employees
April 15, 2020

162. Uttar Pradesh: First State to start Pool Testing
163. Wheat Procurement Season begins amidst COVID-19 crisis
164. International Monetary Fund predicts India’s Growth Rate at 1.9%
165. “COVSACK” developed by DRDO to combat COVID-19
166. India plans on ayurvedic Trials for COVID-19; Task Force Constituted
167. India to host Asian Boxing Championship
168. Home Ministry issues Guidelines for Lock Down 2.0
169. All India Agri Transport Call Centre Numbers launched
170. History of Pandemics: Justinian Plague, Black Death and Spanish Flu
171. US stops WHO funding
172. North Korea test fires anti-ship missiles
173. NITI Aayog: “Arogya Setu” – Fastest App to reach 50 million downloads
174. “Dekho Apna Desh”: A Webinar launched by Tourism Ministry
175. Fit India Active Day Programme launched under Fit India Movement
176. Training Programme announced by MEA for SAARC Health Professionals
April 16, 2020

177. India attends G20 Finance Ministerial Meeting
178. India-WHO engages National Polio Surveillance Network for COVID-19
179. Spitting an offence: Section 51 of Disaster Management Act
180. GoI allows MGNREGA to begin in rural regions
181. IPL 2020 suspended by BCCI
182. GoI announces 170 hotspots and 207 non hotspots of COVID-19
183. COVID-19: “Sahyog” Mobile application launched by Survey of India
184. Integrated Geospatial Platform to complement Arogya Setu
185. South Korea ruling party wins election
186. India to receive 6,50,000 COVID-19 testing kits from China
187. National Conference on Kharif Crops, 2020 held through video conference
188. Safety of Zoom Application red flagged by Home Ministry
189. Indian Army observes “No Movement”; Special train to ferry soldiers
190. Environmental Impact Assessment amended by Environment Ministry
April 17, 2020

191. Chitra Gene LAMP-N: Diagnostic kit developed by SCTIMST, Thiruvananthapuram
192. PUSA: Decontamination Tunnel developed by ICAR
193. RBI launches OBICUS
194. Chess Legend Viswanathan Anand named ambassador of WWF India
195. GoI: Rapid Antibody Tests to be used strictly for surveillance
196. India to attend BRICS meeting on COVID-19
197. AIIB to finance 500 million USD projects to strengthen National Health Care Systems
198. RBI cuts Reverse Repo rate to 3.75%, Rs 50,000 crores for LTRO 2.0
199. April 17: World Hemophilia Day
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200. GoI launches “Krishi Rath” application for hassle free agri transportation
201. Two new products to enable COVID-19 disinfection process introduced by DRDO
202. Delhi Government introduces “Assess Koro Na” application
203. Health Minister chairs the 12th Group of Minister meeting on COVID-19
204. GBRC scientists find three new mutations of COVID-19
April 18, 2020

205. India attends Development Committee Meeting of IMF-World Bank
206. “Updated COVID-19 Containment Plan” released by GoI
207. WHO: Other Countries will follow China in revising their death toll
208. GoI: India accounts to 40% drop in COVID-19
209. April 18: World Heritage Day
210. Renewable Energy Parks to be set up in India
211. Revised draft of Electricity (Amendment) bill, 2020 launched
212. National List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of India launched
213. Nigerian Chief Aide of President Muhammadu Buhari dies of COVID-19
214. CBDT releases relief funds to MSME
215. GoI amends FDI policy
216. Demo-2 mission: NASA to launch Astronauts to space first time in 11 years
217. Central Drug Research Institute signs MoU to sequence virus strains
218. CSIR develops Personal Protective Coverall Suit
April 19, 2020

219. CSIR produces Protein Enriched Biscuits for COVID-19 patients
220. Indian Astrophysicists: Lithium in Interstellar space & Red Giants have Connection
221. Procurement of Pulses and Oil Seeds from Farmers
222. IISD: India’s Renewable Subsidies decline by 35%
April 20, 2020

223. Uttar Pradesh-First State to Geo Tag Community Kitchens
224. GoI: A high level force set up to work on drugs and vaccine
225. Home Ministry issues SOPs for movement of stranded migrant labourers
226. Indian Army supports Narela Quarantine Centre
227. GoI: Supply of Non-Essential Commodities by E-commerce prohibited during Lock Down
228. Leather back Sea Turtles build largest nests in 20 years in deserted beaches
229. GoI launches online Data Pool of Human Resources
230. April 20: UN Chinese Language Day
231. GoI: Quota Allocation Procedure for import of Calcined Pet Coke initiated
232. Indian Scientists Discover model to predict Ionospheric Electron Density
233. Electric Vehicle Sale increases by 20% in 2020-21
234. GoI: Six Inter-Ministerial Teams formed after violations of Lock Down in the States
235. INST uses Fish Gills to develop low cost electro-catalysts
236. CBDT issues clarification over Section 115 BAC of Income Tax Act
237. National Biofuel Coordination Committee: Surplus Rice to be used to make Sanitizers
April 21, 2020

238. Goa: The First State to become COVID-19 free; Manipur-Second
239. New Development Bank’s financial assistance of 1 billion USD to India
240. DCGI approves COVID-19 drug to reduce mortality rate
241. Fifteenth Finance Commission to assess impacts of COVID-19
242. President’s New Secretary: Former retd IAS officer Kapil Dev Tripathi
243. Chief Minister COVID-19 Yoddha Kalyan Yojana: 1 lakh Anganwadi workers benefitted
244. Sown Crop Area has increased by 36%
245. April 21: Civil Services Day
246. United Nations: Consensus Resolution for equitable access to future vaccines
247. CPCB issues guidelines to handle COVID-19 treatment wastes
248. PM-KISAN Scheme: 17,793 crores released to 8.89 farmers
249. BRO: Daporijo Bridge across Subansiri river in Arunachal Pradesh inaugurated
250. GoI: Dashboard launched to provide details about dhabas and repair shops
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251. April 21: World Creativity and Innovation Day
252. April 22: World Earth Day
253. “COVID India Seva”: An interactive Platform launched by GoI
April 22, 2020

254. ICMR to States: “Stop Using Rapid Test Kits for 2 days”
255. Third Phase of Gujarat’s “Sujalam Sufalam Jal Sanchay Abhiyan” begins
256. “Saiyam” Mobile application launched by Pune Municipal Corporation
257. TIFAC to come up with COVID-19 revival strategy
258. What is Team Mask Force?
259. India attends G20 Agricultural Ministers Meet
260. CSIR: Clinical Trial of “Sepsivac” drug on critically ill COVID-19 patients
261. World Press Freedom Index: India ranks 142nd
262. Global Annual Report released by United Nations World Food Programme
263. Food Processing Industries to remain open during extended Lock Down
264. GoI: Recovery rate of COVID-19 patients in the country is 17.47%
265. New Viper Species discovered by Indian Herpetologists in Arunachal Pradesh
266. GoI brings in ordinance making attack on doctors punishable up to 7 years
267. Rs 15,000 crores approved by Union Cabinet for COVID-19
268. April 23: World Book Day
April 23, 2020

269. Ministry of HRD launches VidyaDaan 2.0
270. Union Cabinet approves Nutrient Based Subsidy
271. Apthamitra: Helpline and application launched by Karnataka Government
272. Feluda: COVID-19 test developed by CSIR-IGIB scientists
273. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crimes launches series under Education for Justice initiative
274. World Bank: Decline of Money sent by Migrant Workers by 110 billion USD
275. PV Sindhu named as ambassador in the Badminton World Federation campaign
276. ICMR: Pooled Testing only in areas of less than 5% COVID-19 prevalence
277. NASA: Air Pollution in India at 20 year low
278. BRO constructs permanent bridge across Ravi river
279. Lebanon: First Arab Country to legalize Marijuana cultivation
280. Alternative Academic Calendar released by Ministry of HRD
281. April 23: English Language Day; Spanish Language Day
April 24, 2020

282. DRDO Mobile COVID-19 Testing Lab inaugurated by Defence Minister
283. SC on anti-narcotics law: Quantity will determine punishment not Purity
284. IIFPT to manufacture and supply nutrient-rich food
285. “Khongjom Day” commemorated by Manipur
286. April 24: International Day of Multilateralism and Diplomacy for Peace
287. COVID-19: Hike in Dearness Allowance for the year 2021 put on hold
288. Tianwen 1: China’s first Mars Exploration Mission
289. E-Gram Swaraj Application and Portal launched
290. April 24: National Panchayati Raj Day
291. Inter-Ministerial Committee constituted by Government of India
292. NOOR: Iran’s first military satellite launched successfully
293. DST develops advanced mapping tool to map nano-mechanical materials
294. ANTHURIUM: 10 Varieties of the high market value, AIR PURIFYING flower developed
295. UNCTAD cancels 1 trillion USD debts owed by developing countries
April 25, 2020

296. 19 Interstellar Asteroids discovered between Jupiter and Neptune
297. PRACRITI: IIT-Delhi develops dashboard to predict COVID-19 cases before 3 weeks
298. April 25: World Malaria Day
299. Finance Commission: States shall use FRBM clause to fight COVID-19
300. GoI boosts Rural Development schemes
301. April 25: International Delegate’s Day
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302. Hubble Space Telescope: NASA’s longest living Space Telescope celebrates 30th anniversary
303. World Immunization Week
304. Banking Services made Public Utility Services
305. Scientific Disposal of COVID-19 waste by National Green Tribunal
306. Retired IAS Officer Sanjay Kothari appointed as Central Vigilance Commissioner
307. What are Immunity Passports that are warned against by WHO?
308. NAFED to distribute 6 lakh metric tonnes of pulses under PM Garib Kalyan Ann Yojana
April 26, 2020

309. What is “Ball Tampering” that is being considered by ICC recently?
April 27, 2020

310. April 26: International Chernobyl Disaster Remembrance Day
311. April 26: World Intellectual Property Day
312. GoI plans to reduce dependency for drug intermediates and APIs
313. Herbal Decongestant Spray developed by CSIR
314. India sends HCQ and sterile surgical gloves to Bangladesh
315. LIGO detects first merger of two unequal-mass black holes
316. Lucknow Medical Hospital first in the country to launch Plasma Treatment Therapy
317. India seeks help from IMF and World Bank to fill data gaps
318. Pakistan test fires anti-ship missiles successfully
319. Hydrogen Fuel Bus and car launched by NTPC
320. SIPRI: India one among top three military spender
321. RBI announces Special Liquidity Mutual Funds worth Rs 50,000 crores
322. Largest hole in the Ozone Layer closes by itself
323. Five of the North Eastern States become COVID-19 free
April 28, 2020

324. WHO launches COVID-19 Tools (Act) Accelerator
325. Ruhdaar: Low Cost Mechanical Ventilator developed by IIT Bombay
326. United Nations warns of “Hunger Crisis”
327. COVID Action Collab: Platform to test COVID-19 in Sewage
328. WHO map includes Ladakh as Chinese Territory
329. Exercise Pitch Black Cancelled
330. Guidelines to use Air Conditioners issued by Central Public Works Department
331. April 28: World Day for Safety and Health at Work
332. International Financial Services Centre Authority established by GoI
333. ADB approves 1.5 billion USD for India to fight COVID-19
334. BRICS Foreign ministers to attend COVID-19 meeting
335. Anti-Leprosy Drug Trials started by CSIR against COVID-19
April 29, 2020

336. Jal Shakti Abhiyan: Monsoon steps begun
337. India attends Petersberg Climate Dialogue
338. Mobile Kiosk for COVID-19 Sample Testing used in Agartala Smart City
339. NTRO: Increase in Cyber Attacks due to work from home
340. Common Service Centres of GoI to take over E-Commerce in rural areas
341. HCARD: Robot to assist COVID-19 frontline warriors
342. CSIR Technology of Electrostatic Disinfection transferred for Commercialization
343. Alzheimer Inhibitor developed by Jawaharlal Nehru Centre of Advanced Scientific Research
344. Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation: Economic Decline of 2.7% expected in the region
345. Task force on National Infrastructure Pipeline submits its report
346. Lock Down improves water quality of Ganges
347. IMD released list of 169 new names of Tropical Cyclones
348. GRID 2020 report: Over 5 million displaced in India in 2019
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April 1, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
1. GoI: Interest Rates on Small Savings Schemes lowered
On March 31, 2020, the Government of India lowered interest rates of several small
savings scheme facing Economic challenges created by the threat of COVID-19 virus.
1. Highlights
The interest rates of the schemes like Sukanya Samriddhi, Kisan Vikas Patra and Pubilc
Provident Funds were reduced. The changes were introduced for Q1 of the fiscal year
2020-21. They are as follows
2. Sukanya Samriddhi
Rate of interest for Sukanya Samriddhi Account Scheme has been reduced from 8.4 to
7.6%. The scheme targets girl child and her parents. It encourages the parents to build
fund for future education and marriage expenses of their girl child.
3. Public Provident Fund

Interest rate for Public Provident Fund reduced from 7.9 to 7.1%. It is savings-cum-tax
saving scheme introduced in 1968 by the National Savings Institute operating under
Ministry of Finance. The main aim of the scheme is to increase small savings offering
returns based on the investments made with the savings deposited.
4. National Savings Certificate

Interest rate for National Savings Certificate 7.9 to 6.8%. It is a part of the postal savings
system. It is a savings bond scheme launched for income tax savings and small savings.
5. Kisan Vikas Patra

Interest rate for Kisan Vikas Patra reduced from 7.6% to 6.9%. The KVP will mature in
124 months instead of 113 months earlier. It is a saving certificate scheme that was
launched by India Post in 1988.
6. Other Schemes
 Rate of interest for the Senior Citizen Savings Scheme reduced to 7.4 from 8.6%
 Rate of interest for the monthly income scheme lowered to 6.6% from 7.6%
 For five-year recurring deposit, the interest has been reduced from 7.2 to 5.8%.
 For five-year time-deposit, it has been brought down from 7.7% to 6.7%
 For three-years, two-years and one-year time deposits, the interest rate has been cut from
6.9 to 5.5%
 Interest on savings deposit stays unchanged at 4%.
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2. World Bank: 11 million to enter poverty in Pacific and East Asia
On March 31, 2020, the World Bank announced that around 11 million are to enter
poverty in Pacific and East Asia due to the spread of COVID-19. The virus has affected
more than 780,000 and has so far killed more than 37,000.
1. Highlights
According to the World Bank, around 35 million people in Pacific and Asia will escape
poverty. This includes 25 million in China alone. The bank has projected the growth in
the region to be slow and around 2.1%. In 2019, the bank had estimated the growth of
the region as 5.8%.
2. Suggestions
The bank recommends more investments in the health sector. It suggests for
macroeconomic policies and integrated containment of the virus. The World Bank also
recommends targeted fiscal measures such as health care and subsidies for sick pay.
This will make sure the temporary deprivation is not converted into long term human
capital losses.
3. Ordinance passed for 100% Tax Exemption on donations to PM Cares

Fund
On March 31, 2020, the Government of India passed an ordinance to allow 100%
exemption on donations made on PM Cares Funds. The ordinance has also extended the
time limit of direct and indirect tax filings to June 30, 2020.
1. Key Features on Direct Taxes

 The last date for filing Income Tax returns has been extended to June 30, 2020
 The Aadhaar-PAN linking that has been made mandatory has been extended to June 30,
2020. If not linked the GoI had earlier warned about cancelling such PAN registrations.
 The deadline of Vivad se Vishwas Scheme has also been extended to June 30, 2020.
2. Key Features on Indirect Taxes

The last date for indirect taxes of the following has also been extended to June 30,3030
3. PM Cares Fund
The funds donated to PM Cares Fund are to be 100% exempted from tax under Section
80G of Income Tax Act.
4. UN Security Council adopts Resolution on Safety and Security of

Peace Keepers, First of its Kind
On March 31, 2020, the United Nations Security Council adopted Resolution 2518 to
ensure safety and security of peacekeepers. This is the first time, a resolution is being
passed for the safety of the peacekeepers.
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1. Highlights
The resolution was initiated and sponsored by China. It was co-sponsored by 43
countries including Pakistan, Iran, South Africa, Turkey, Russia, Vietnam, etc. Today
there are more than 95,000 peacekeepers operating in around 13 missions all over the
world.
2. Action for Peace

The Action for Peace initiative was launched by the United Nations to help countries
address challenges such as elusive political issues, protracted conflicts, dangerous
environments, broad and complex mandates, etc. The initiative will focus on targeted
mandates, support political solutions.
5. ICCR launches International painting competition on COVID-19
On March 31, 2020, the Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR) launched global
painting competition on the title
1. Highlights
The ICCR aims to build cultural links between countries in the world. It tries to bring all
the cultures united against single emotion of fighting against the COVID-19 together.
2. ICCR
The Indian Council for Cultural Relations was founded in 1950 by Maulana Abul Kalam
Azad. He was the first Education minister of India. The Council organizes cultural
festivals all over the world and in India. It supports cultural institutions and sponsors
talented performers in the field of music, dance, theatre. The Jawaharlal Nehru Award for
International Understanding is administered by ICCR since 1965.
3. Maulana Abul Kalam Azad

Abul Kalam played a major role to establish a strong education foundation in India. His
birthday (November 11) is celebrated as National Education Day all over India. His real
name was Abul Kalam. He was honoured as “Maulana” meaning “Our Master” and Azad
was his pen name.
6. COVID-19: World Bank offers 1 billion USD for India’ Emergency

Response Project
On April 1, 2020, the World Bank announced that it is to offer 1 billion USD to
Government of India to implement Covid-19 Emergency Response and Health Systems
preparedness project.
1. About the Project

The project is being launched by India in order to mitigate the threats created by the
virus. It will strengthen the national system and keep up public health preparedness in
the country.
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2. Key Features of the Project
The project is to measure progress of key indicators of containment of COVID-19 cases.
This includes proportion of laboratory confirmed cases, responses to collected samples
within time frame of 48 hours, conducting tests within WHO stipulated standard time to
determine COVID-19, etc.
7. GoI extends Foreign Trade Policy
On April 1, 2020, the Government of India notified that the export schemes such as
Export Promotion Capital Goods and Duty-Free Import authorization are to be extended
by one year. Also, GoI has planned to extend Foreign Trade Policy 2015-20 by another
one year till 2021.
1. Objective of the policy

The policy aims at making India a bigger player in Global level. It targets to bring in
overseas sales of 900 billion USD by 2020. This is to be achieved with Digital India
Programme and Make in India programme.
2. Current Scenario
Between April 2019 and February 2020, the imports of India were 436 billion USD and
exports were 292 billion USD.
8. ICMR: Three Quasi-sub species of COVID-19 virus in circulation in India
On April 1, 2020, the Indian Council of Medical Research reported that three quasi sub
species of COVID-19 virus are in circulation in the country. According to the council, they
were imported variants.
1. Highlights
In India, the COVID-19 cases originated from people with travel history. Hence, the virus
was brought from outside India. So far, science has not discovered how the virus is
behaving in other parts of the world. However, ICMR confirms that the virus in India has
taken its variant form due to external and biological factors of the country and people
living in the country. Currently, there are three variant forms of the virus in the country.
2. Current Scenario
When the spread of the virus and its area of spreading is wide as in the case of India, it
is highly difficult to predict the trend of progression of COVID-19. According to ICMR,
currently it is not possible to compare the progress of virus with other countries.
9. GoI regulates 24 classes of medical devices as drugs
On April 1, 2020, the National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority revised the ceiling price
of 883 scheduled formulations. The authority also informed that the disruption of supply
of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients are returning to normalcy.
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1. Highlights
The NPPA has notified 24 classes of medical devices as drugs under Drugs and
Cosmetics Act, 1940. The prices of other non-scheduled medical devices are being
monitored by the authority. The authority has also come up with a ruling that no
manufacturers or importers shall increase the price of these listed devices by not more
than 10% for another 12 months.
2. Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient

The Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient is that part of the drug that produces the intended
effects. Some of the drugs have multiple APIs to treat different symptoms.
10. Navaratnalu Pedalandariki Illu Programme: 25 lakh poor to get

houses in AP
On March 31, 2020, the Government of Andhra Pradesh modified the guidelines of
Navatatnalu-Pedalandariki Illu programme. The scheme is called “Houses for all the
poor”. The guidelines were changed based on the directions of the High Court.
1. Highlights
Under the scheme, house sites are to be allotted to the poor at Re 1 to the poor with
white ration cards. The State Government is to collect Rs 20 from the people (Rs 10 for
stamp paper charges and Rs 10 for lamination charges).
2. Other Rules
The beneficiaries have to compulsorily construct houses only. They cannot sell the sites.
However, they can sell the houses after occupying them for a minimum of five years.
3. Navaratnalu
The “Navartnalu” is a flagship scheme of the Andhra Pradesh Government. There are
nine (Navaratna) welfare schemes.
4. YSR Rythu Bharosa

Under the scheme, the AP government is to offer Rs 50,000 financial assistance to
farmers. From the second year of the scheme, every family will receive Rs 12,500. Apart
from this under this scheme, the AP government will also offer free bore wells and 0%
interest loans.
5. Fee Reimbursement
Under this scheme, Rs 20,000 allowance is to be provided to every student as fee
reimbursement
6. Arogyasri
The scheme is applicable to all the medical treatments above Rs 1000. The State
Government under the scheme would bear all the medical expenses.
7. Jalayagnam
The Government would take up completion of Polavaram project, thereby helping the
farmers greatly in irrigation projects
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8. Ban on Alcohol
9. Amma Vodi
Under the scheme Rs 15,000 was provided as assistance funds to all the mothers of
school going children. The only condition was that the mothers should belong to Below
Poverty Line.
10. Asara
The scheme issued 0% interest loans to backward communities, women, SC, ST of age
above 45 years.
11. Pensionla Pempu

Senior citizens to receive Rs 2000 and the physically challenged were to receive Rs
3,000.
11. G20 Finance Ministers Meet: Nirmala Sitaraman represents India
On March 31, 2020, Nirmala Sitaraman represented India to attend the second G20
Finance Minister Meet. The virtual meet was chaired by Saudi Arabia.
1. Highlights
During the first Extraordinary Virtual meet, the finance ministers of the member
countries decided to meet on a regular basis. The ministers are currently in the process
of framing a “G20 Action Plan” in response to COVID-19.
2. Suggestions made by India

India made prompt interventions to review using IMF toolkits. Rather, India suggested to
develop indigenous tool kits. India also suggested to make bilateral swap arrangements.
3. Background
The G20 leaders recently met under the chairmanship of the Saudi king. PM Modi
represented India at the video conferencing. The leaders pledged to invest 5 trillion USD
into the Global Economy. This was done to reduce the global recession induced by the
Lock Down imposed in several countries due to the threat of COVID-19.
12. Government Scientific Advisor issues manual for Homemade Masks
On March 31, the Scientific Advisor of Government of India issued guidelines to make
masks at home. He also insisted that these masks are 70% safer and effective in
containing the spread of the Virus.
1. Highlights
The Guidelines insist people living in densely populated areas to wear masks. This will
help prevent the virus from entering into the respiratory system of the person. The
manual insists washing the used masks with soaps or disinfectants to contain the virus.
Also, boiling of the masks in hot water has been suggested.
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2. Other Guidelines
The GoI also suggests use of double layered 100% cotton cloth. This is because they are
as effective as that of a surgical masks. These 100% double layered cotton masks
protect against particles that are five times smaller than the virus.
13. COVID-19: Wimbledon cancelled for the First Time since World Wars
On April 1, 2020, Wimbledon was cancelled due to the threats of Corona Virus. This is
the first time the tournament is being cancelled since the World War II.
1. Highlights
Wimbledon was scheduled between June 29, 2020 and July 12, 2020 in the outskirts of
London. However, it was cancelled considering lock down situation and also due to the
threats posed by COVID-19. The next edition of the tournament is to be held between
June 28, 2021 and July 11, 2021.
2. History
Wimbledon Tennis Tournament was first held in 1877. Since then it has been contested
every year. However, it was cancelled during two stretches. Once during the first world
war between 1915 and 1918 and it was cancelled another time during the second world
war between 1940 and 1945.
3. Wimbledon
The Wimbledon is also known as The Championships. It is the oldest Tennis Tournament
in the world. It is one of the four Grand Slam tennis tournaments. The other three include
French Open, US open and Australian Open.
April 2, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
14. Vivad Se Vishwas Scheme: Rs 888.09 crores saved by NMDC under

the scheme
On April 1, 2020, the National Mineral Development Corporation operating under the
Government of India announced that it has saved Rs 888.09 crores by adopting Vivad Se
Vishwas Scheme.
1. Highlights
The Vivad Se Vishwas scheme was announced by the Finance Minister Nirmala
Sitaraman during the Union Budget 2020-21. The scheme was introduced to generate
timely revenue for the GoI, reducing pending tax litigations and help tax payers end
their tax disputes. Using this scheme, NMDC has settled a dispute of Rs 1868 crores for
Rs 980 crore. Also, SAIL has settled a dispute of Rs 266 crores for 186 crores.
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2. NMDC
The National Mineral Development Corporation, a state controlled mineral producer is
involved in exploration of graphite, iron ore, limestone, dolomite, rock phosphate,
copper, gypsum, tungsten, etc. It is the largest iron ore producer in India. It produces
more than 35 million tonnes of iron ore. The Diamond mining project operating in Panna,
Madhya Pradesh is also being by NMDC.
15. India and China celebrate their 70th anniversary of Diplomatic

Relations
India and China postponed all the events planned to celebrate the 70th anniversary of
their diplomatic relations due to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the leaders
exchanged congratulatory messages.
1. Highlights
India was the first non-communist country in Asia to establish diplomatic relations with
People’s Republic of China. Today the countries have strong trade relations despite of
small irritants like border issues. In 2019, India-China trade reached 90.1 billion USD.
Also, India has been pressing China to open its markets for Indian pharmaceuticals and
IT companies. This is being done by India to reduce the trade deficit of 57 billion USD
with China.
2. Informal Summit
In November 2019, as a part of commemorating 70 years of diplomatic ties, the
countries agreed to finalise 70 activities. This was done during the Second Informal
summit of President Xi Jing Ping and PM Modi. The 70 celebrated activities included trade
promotion events, military exchanges and cultural and religious activities.
16. MOM: AP Government buys from Indian Navy for COVID-19 patients
The Andhra Pradesh Government is to buy Multi-feed Oxygen Manifold developed by

Indian Navy, Vishkhapatnam to meet the requirement of oxygen supply to COVID-19
patients. Initially the Indian Navy provided the equipment free-of-cost to the Andhra
Pradesh Government.
1. Highlights
The portable MOM equipment was designed by Naval Dockyard Vishakhapatnam using a
six-way header and a single cylinder. This means that a single oxygen cylinder can be
used to supply oxygen to six patients. Also MOM is portable and hence will be easy in
isolation wards being set up in railway coaches. Indian Navy is to open source MOM for
the Indian companies to manufacture it locally to meet the current needs.
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2. Need
With the Corona Virus spreading at faster rate in India, there would be more requirement
of ventilators and oxygen supplying equipment. This is because, about 5% to 8% of
COVID-19 patients require ventilator support and 20% will need oxygen supply. Today in
India there are more than 1,800 cases and the numbers are increasing.
17. Utkala Dibasa, Odisha Statehood Day celebrated on April 1
Every year, the state of Odisha celebrates Utkal Divas on April 1. The tradition of the
celebration is being followed for 84 years now. Being the 9th largest state, the state is
rich in mineral resources. It is a major supplier of raw materials such as coal, iron ore to
several industries spread all over the country.
1. Highlights
The State of Odisha was established on April 1, 1936. It was established as a province of
British India on April 1, 1936. It was named Orissa. The English name was changed to
Odisha on November 4, 2011.
2. History
In 3rd Century BC, the state was ruled by the Great Emperor Ashoka. Later it was ruled
by several other monarchs such as the Harshas. During the 8th century the state was
known as Kosala and Utkala kingdoms. Even today the statehood day is celebrated as
“Utkal Divas”. Later in 16th century, Odisha was rued by Sultanate of Bengal. In mid-
18th century Odisha was under the rule of Marathas.
18. Food Corporation of India conducts E-Auction to meet goals of

Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Ann Yojana
On April 2, 2020, the Food Corporation of India is to conduct Open Market Sales Scheme
to ease the supply of Food Grains in the market. This is being done to ensure
uninterrupted supply of rice and wheat in the country during the lock down period
1. Highlights
The Food Corporation of India operating under Ministry of Consumer Affairs is ensuring
that the additional 5 kg per person to be included in the Public Distribution System under
the Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Ann Yojana reaches on time. So far, the FCI has
released 1.48 lakh metri tonnes of food grain from its stocks. This includes both rice and
wheat.
2. Open Auction
Usually under the National Food Security Act 5 kg of rice or wheat is allocated per
month. The launch of Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Ann Yojana increased this. In order to
ease the supply constraint in the market, FCI has opened the open auction scheme. This
will also help in supplying wheat to state governments and also to the empanelled flour
mills.
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19. COP26 postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic
On April 1, 2020, the United Nations announced that the Conference of Parties (COP 26)
that was to be held in Glasgow in November 2020 has been pushed to 2021. This is
being done over the threat of COVID-19 virus and its impact on the world.
1. Highlights
The COP 26 which is considered as an important climate negotiation since Paris
agreement has been delayed. The decision was taken after the UN Framework
Convention on Climate Change agreed to delay the talks.
2. Impacts
Delaying the talks has induced fear of easing governments over the targets set by the
Paris agreement. The 1.5 degree report of IPCC (Inter Governmental Panel on Climate
Change) had warned that the world will breach the 1.5 degree Celsius limit set between
2030 and 2052. Currently the world is 1.2 degrees warmer than the pre industrial levels.
The aim was to keep it under 1.5 degrees. This is because, at such temperature all the
corals in the planet would bleach off and die eventually affecting the marine ecosystem
to a great extent. This will slowly affect the global environment and survival on the
earth.
20. April 2: World Autism Awareness Day
Every year, the World Autism Awareness Day is observed on April 2 by the members of
United Nations. The day is observed to take measures to increase awareness about
Autism Spectrum Disorder.
1. Highlights
In all there are 7 health specific UN days. World Autism Awareness Day is one among the
seven. This is being observed since 2008. This year, the World Autism Awareness Day
has been launched under the theme
2. What is Autism?
Autism is a developmental disorder. People with autism face difficulties in social
interaction and communication. The related signs shall be noticed in the first three years
of the child’s life.
3. Factors associated with Autism

The Autism is caused due to genetic factors and environmental factors. It also includes
risk factors during pregnancy. They are alcohol, pesticides, fetal growth restriction, air
pollution and auto immune disease.
4. Significance
According to the United Nations, only half of those with autistic behaviour are employed
and around one-third autistic graduates are unemployed. Therefore, it is important to
increase awareness about autism and help autistic people lead normal lives.
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21. United Nations Nuclear Agency sends COVID-19 testing gears to 40

countries
The International Atomic Energy Agency, an autonomous wing of the United Nations has
sent COVID-19 testing gears to around 40 countries.
1. Highlights
The IAEA is known for its nuclear inspection works in countries such as Iran. It also helps
countries to use nuclear technology for peaceful purpose. The organization had recently
received requests from 90 countries for assistance with COVID-19 testing. The Nuclear
Agency has sent its help to 40 of those requests
2. Beneficiaries
The first set of beneficiaries include Iran, Kenya, Egypt, Nigeria, Vietnam, Cuba,
Thailand, Peru and Uruguay. They are receive testing gears of worth 4.37 million USD.
The recipients from Asia include Mongolia, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Laos, Cambodia, Myanmar
and Philippines. Other countries are from Africa and Latin America.
3. About the kit

The kits sent by IAEA uses the RT-PCR technique. In this technique, the RNA of the virus
is detected. RT-PCR is Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction. In this method, the
respiratory samples obtained from sputum or from nasopharyngeal swabs are tested.
22. United Nations Security council to meet on COVID-19 first time
On April 2, 2020, the current president of United Nations Security Council, Dominican
Republic announced that the world body is to meet over COVID-19 next week. The
rotating presidency of the 15-member council was taken by the Caribbean country from
the previous president China. China is a permanent member and has veto powers in the
council.
1. Highlights
The Council is planning to meet over teleconferencing. The primary responsibility of the
council is to deal with Geo-political peace and security. The public health security is not
under the mandate of the Council. Still, the Council is to meet to discuss on providing
human security in the matter. The meet comes after the UNSC faced criticism over its
silence on COVID-19. This is because, the council acted swiftly in 2014 at the times of
Ebola.
2. UNSC during Ebola

In 2014, UNSC adopted a resolution 2177, claiming that the unprecedented outbreak of
Ebola in Africa is a threat to “International Peace and Security”. The resolution urged
countries to provide urgent resources and medical assistance. This initiation of UNSC
involved several member nations and helped save many lives.
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3. Current Scenario
Today, the United States has the highest number of corona virus cases (2,13,372)
followed by Italy with 1,10,574 cases, Spain with 1,04,118, china with 82,361 cases. So
far 4,600 have died in the US due to the Corona Virus.
23. National Book Trust launched “Corona Studies” Book Series
The National Book Trust of India has launched the Corona Studies book series that
provide related information about the spreading Corona virus. The book series holds
materials suitable for all age groups.
1. Highlights
The initiative is being launched to bring in social, economic, psychological and cultural
awareness about the virus among the people. The series is to run for long time. Also, the
series will act as a platform for the researchers and authors to contribute their
knowledge in the genre. NBT aims to bring out the series in different Indian languages.
2. National Book Trust

The National Book Trust was established in 1957. It currently operates under Ministry of
Human Resource Development. NBT recently launched Stay Home India with Books
initiative,
3. Stay Home India with Books

Under the initiative, the Ministry of HRD has uploaded more than 100 books. The aim of
the ministry is to help citizens spend quality time during the lock down.
24. DARPG: National Monitoring Dashboard launched
On April 1, 2020, the Minister of State for Personnel and Public Grievances Dr Jitendra
Singh launched the National Monitoring Dashboard on COVID-19. The dashboard is to be
developed and implemented by DARPG (Department of Administrative Reforms and
Public Grievances). The main objective of the dashboard is quick and timely
implementations of COVID-19 response and containment activities.
1. Highlights
A technical team has been formed to handle the public grievances on priority basis. The
team will receive grievances from all the states, union territories and ministries as well.
The portal is to address all types of grievances such as complaints regarding violation of
lock down, essential supplies, quarantine facilities, examinations, rescheduling of
interests of loans and requests of evacuation from foreign countries.
2. Legislation
Under provisions of Disaster Management Act, 2005, empowered group of officers was
constituted. The group suggested to set up National Monitoring Dashboard under
DARPG. Within 2 days of the launch more than 262 grievances were received from
Central Government and 83 grievances were received from State Governments.
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25. WhatsApp Chatbot of GoI launched to curb fake news crossed 1.7
crore users
The Government of India had earlier created Whats App Chatbot to curb fake news being
spread about COVID-19 virus in the country.
1. About the Chatbot

The Chatbot was launched to answer all the queries related to the virus. It is designed to
provide all the information related to COVID-19. At first, GoI launched MyGov Corona
Helpdesk when India was in Phase I, in the spread of the disease.
2. Significance
India is trying to contain the spread of the virus through every means. The Digital India
that helped reach internet to masses and “National Broadband Mission” that helped take
internet to remote places are now playing crucial role in spreading awareness about
COVID-19. The Mission aims to provide internet
3. What is a Chatbot?
A Chatbot uses the technology of Artificial Intelligence. It is a computer program
designed to simulate human conversations. It operates independently without a human
operator. In simple terms, a computer answers queries generated by the users.
26. Arogya Setu: Mulit-Lingual Mobile Application launched by GoI to

track COVID-19
On April 2, 2020, National Informatics Center operating under Ministry of Electronics and
Information Technology has developed an application “Arogya Sethu”. The app alerts the
person whenever he comes in contact within six feet of COVID-19 infected person.
1. Key Features of the App

The application uses Bluetooth and GPS of a smart phone to inform the user if he is in a
radius of 6 feet from a COVID-19 infected person. The application also provides
information about the best practices and advisories regarding containment of the virus.
2. Privacy component of the Application

While the app searches for information about COVID-19 patient, it does not disturb the
privacy of the patient. The privacy policy of the application clearly states that the user
data extracted will not be shared with third party.
27. Project Prana: Indigenous ventilators developed by IISc Bengaluru

scientists and students
The students and scientists of IISc Bengaluru have developed indigenous ventilators
under “Project Prana”.
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1. Highlights
The ventilator was made using pressure sensor that widely finds its application in
automobile industry. Apart from the sensor, the scientists also used Reverse Osmosis
Water Filters. The pressure and flow parameters in the ventilator are controlled by using
PLC board. A PLC board is a programmable Logic Controller board. It is mainly used for
programming purposes. The ventilator mixes oxygen with compressed air.
2. Significance
With COVID-19 patients facing breathing difficulties, countries are competing to increase
their stock. India is highly dependent on its imports for medical equipment like
ventilators. India imports its ventilators from Switzerland.
3. Indian Navy
Recently Naval Dockyard supplied its MOM (Multi-feed Oxygen Manifold) ventilators to
Andhra Pradesh Government. The MOM ventilator is portable and is capable of serving 6
patients at a time.
April 3, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
28. PM Modi discusses COVID-19 measures with the Chief Ministers
On April 2, 2020, PM Modi interacted with the chief ministers of the states through video
conferencing. He discussed COVID-19 measures being taken at central and state level.
1. Highlights
The Prime Minister insisted on a common strategy to ensure re-emergence as the Lock
Down ends. India is currently working on the strategy of minimum loss of life.
2. Key outcomes of the meet

 The steps to contain cases arising from Nizamuddin Markaz were discussed.
 PM suggested the CMs to reach out to social welfare organizations and community leaders.
 A community-oriented approach is the need of the moment
 PM insisted on setting up of Crisis Management Group at district level.
 More focus should be provided towards social distancing, quarantining suspect cases,
tracking suspect cases. Steps should also be taken to strengthen medical work force, tele-
medicines, distribution of food and taking care of migrant workers.
29. New E-NAM Features launched by the Agricultural Ministry
On April 2, 2020, the Union Ministry of Agriculture launched new features of National
Agriculture Market. This aims to strengthen agricultural marketing of farmers. The main
objective of the features are to reduce the congestion at mandis that will help fight
against COVID-19.
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1. Features
The Ministry has launched new software modules on the E-NAM platform. They include
2. Current Scenario
According to the Agricultural Ministry, currently there are 585 mandis operating in 16
states have been integrated with the e-NAM portal. There are plans to expand e-NAM to
add 415 more mandis to the platform.
30. Action Covid-19 Team launched in India: First of its kind in the world
The Action COVID Team was launched by top fund mangers of private sector and blue-
chip venture capital firm.
1. Significance
The Team gained its popularity lately as Rs 1 crore was bagged by the Mylab from the
fund set up by the team. Mylab is the first Indian firm to get permission to make and sell
corona testing kit. GoI is currently using and promoting indigenously made kits. India at
the G20 summit turned down the suggestion of using IMF (International Monetary Fund)
kits and sticks to using indigenously made kits for testing of the virus.
2. Highlights
The initiative is first of its kind in the world. The team will raise funds and will identify
ventures that are working on products and services to fight against Covid-19. So far, the
team has raised 40% of the grant. It had set up a target of Rs 100 crores. The team was
recently appreciated by the Union Minister of Commerce and Industry during his video
conferencing with the startups in the country.
31. Bio Suit developed by DRDO for health professionals to fight against
COVID-19
A Bio Suit has been developed by the Defence Research and Development Organization
(DRDO) to keep the medical professionals working with COVID-19 safe. The Organization
has used its expertise in textiles, nanotechnology and coating to bring out the product
1. Highlights
The suit exceeds the criteria set by the Ministry of Health and Family welfare for the
body suits of protection against synthetic blood. Synthetic blood is artificially made
blood that will keep a patient under trauma alive up to 48 hours. Synthetic blood is made
from Perfluorocarbons.
2. Special Component
A special sealant has been used to seam the seals. The sealant is currently used in
submarine applications. The use of this glue in the suit making process is expected to
make a revolution in the textile industry. DRDO also has plans to mass produce the glue
to support seam sealing activities of suit manufacturers.
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3. PPP model
The suits are to be produced at large scale. Currently the suit production capacity is
7,000 suits per day.
32. A New Low-Cost Temperature Gun developed by Indian Navy
The Mumbai Naval Dockyard has designed a low-cost IR based temperature sensor. The
sensor is to be used to check the personnel entering at the gates of the yard.
1. Highlights
The instrument was manufactured at less than Rs 1000. The manufacturing cost is
fraction of the instruments used in the market. The accuracy of the temperature gun is
0.2 degree Celsius. The temperature gun has a LED display and an infrared sensor
2. Need
The Naval Dockyard has more than 20,000 personnel entering ever day. Since the
outbreak of the virus, temperature guns and non-contact thermometers have become
scarce in the country. Thus, this new temperature gun will help the Dockyard to quicken
its screening process.
3. Infrared Thermometers
The IR thermometer like the one made by the dockyard uses lens to focus infrared light.
It works on a principle called Black body radiation.
4. Significance
Such low cost affordable medical equipment are at large need at the moment as the
world is under health emergency. They will help fight against virus more efficiently.
33. Exercise NCC Yogdan launched to fight COVID-19
On April 2, 2020, the National Cadet Corps (NCC) launched “Exercise NCC Yogdan” to
offer a helping hand to the authorities fighting against COVID-19.
1. Highlights
Under the exercise, the NCC cadets are envisaged to work in call centres and helpline
centres formed exclusively for COVID-19, community assistance, distribution of relief
materials, medicines and other essential food commodities, data management and
traffic management.
2. The Plan
Under the exercise, the senior NCC volunteers above 18 years of age are to be
employed. The plan is to use the NCC force to assist state governments. However, NCC
operates under Ministry of Defence. Therefore, the state governments have to place
request to the state NCC directorates upon using NCC volunteer to assist in their relief
measures.
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3. About NCC
The NCC is the largest uniformed organization in the country. Also, it the largest youth
organization in the country. They are often deployed during natural calamities such as
floods, cyclones, etc.
34. Ex-Service Men rise to “Service Before Self” to fight COVID-19
The Indian Army serves under the motto “Service Before Self”. Continuing to live with
the motto even after retirement, the department of Ex-service men operating under
Ministry of Defence took the initiative to mobilize ex-servicemen to assist state and
district administration.
1. Highlights
The Zila Sainik Boards and Rajya Sainik Boards are currently identifying Ex-Service men
volunteers. They are to be deployed in management of quarantine facilities, community
surveillance and data collection at village and district levels.
2. Significance
With the number of COVID-19 cases raising in India, there is high demand for work
forces to help contain the disease. In this scenario, trained disciplined profession army
men are precious resource of the country to exploit in.
35. GoI launches “COVID-19 Fact Check Unit”
On April 2, 2020, the Government of India has launched the “COVID-19 Fact Check Unit”
under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting.
1. Highlights
The unit is to operate through GMAIL. It will get messages at pibfactcheck@gmail.com
and send response at the earliest. It will also act as a source of information provider
about COVID-19.
2. Other Measures to curb fake news

The GoI has lately launched several initiatives to curb the spread of fake news about the
virus. It had launched a WhatsApp Chatbot to answer the queries of the public about
COVID-19. The GoI has issued directives to the social media companies to curb the fake
news about community transmission of the virus in the country. According to WHO,
community transmission is the third phase of spread of the virus. Currently India is in the
second phase. Ministry of Home Affairs has asked the state governments to create web
portals at state level to help people verify facts about the virus in local languages.
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36. Department of Science and Technology to manufacture automated
Ventilators
On April 2, 2020 the Department of Science and Technology toed up with the Wipro 3D
to jointly build proto type of automated ventilators.
1. Highlights
The ventilators will help in meeting urgent requirement of Covid-19 crisis. The
ventilators are called AMBU (Artificial Manual Breathing Unit). They are hand held
devices that will provide automatic pressurized ventilation to the patients that are not
breathing or facing extreme difficulties in breathing
2. What is the plan?

Currently, there are only 40,000 ventilators in India. And India is importing ventilators
mainly from Switzerland. In order to address the issue, several step are being taken by
the GoI to promote organizations to manufacture ventilators in the country. The AMBU is
one such initiative. The ventilator design uses readily available components and hence is
easy to build
3. Benefits
The AMBU is portable and hence will be ideal to suit the temporary hospital beds set up
in railway coaches. It has provisions to add PEEP (positive end expiratory pressure) as an
extra component in order to maintain pressure.
37. National Corona Survey conducted in 410 districts
On April 2, 2020, the Union Minister Jitendra Sigh released National Preparedness Survey
on COVID-19. The survey was conducted in 410 districts in 3 working days.
1. Objective of the survey

The survey was conducted in order to achieve the following
2. Key Highlights of the survey

The survey was conducted by distributing questionnaire to district
magistrates/collectors. They were asked to register into portals and submit replies. The
findings of the survey are as follows
38. Corona Kavach: Application launched by GoI to locate a COVID-19

positive patient
On April 2, 2020, the Government of India launched Corona Kavach application to map
the location of a COVID-19 positive patient through GPS.
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1. Highlights
The application has been launched by India after learning about its success in the
countries such as South Korea and Singapore. The “Corona Kavach” application tracks
the data of the user every hour. It then alerts him if he has crossed a Corona Positive
patient.
2. Contraries
Though the application is highly useful to bring back normalcy while fighting COVID-19,
privacy activists raise concerns about the app. The activists are concerned that the apps
are coming up without any legal framework in place.
3. How will the app help in normalcy?

GoI is making every step to bring back normalcy in the country after the Lock Down. An
expert panel of higher officials from different ministries has been formed and is working
towards this.
39. United Nations adopts first resolution on Corona Virus
On April 3, 2020, the United Nations approved the resolution that called upon
international cooperation to fight against COVID-19. The resolution also calls for its
member nations to adopt multilateralism.
1. Highlights
The United Nations resolution was adopted by 188 nations. This is the first resolution
adopted by the organization since the pandemic. The resolution called for intensified
international cooperation, exchange of information, applying relevant guidelines for the
WHO.
2. Resolution in silence mode

There was no meeting held to pass the resolution. The resolution was adopted in silent
mode. The UNGA has announced that the draft resolution is to stay open till April 2 for
the member countries to object. If not objected the organization will circulate a
confirmation letter among its member countries.
3. Significance
The resolution was adopted as the number of infected cases in the world crossed over 1
million. The UN addresses the deadly virus as the most challenging crisis since World
War II.
40. World Games, 2021 postponed to avoid clash with Tokyo Olympics
The 2021 World Games that was scheduled to be held in Birmingham, Alabama was
postponed to 2022. This is being done to avoid the clash with Tokyo Olympics.
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1. Highlights
The World Games is held once in four years. It features 32 sports that are not a part of
the Olympics. These games were scheduled to be conducted in Birmingham, Alabama.
With the Olympics being postponed to July 2021, the world games have been postponed
to July 2022.
2. About the World Games

The World Games had planned to host 3,600 athletes from 100 countries. This included
sports such as bowling, martial arts, squash, wheelchair rugby, billiards, etc.
April 4, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
41. Arogya Sanjeevani Insurance Policy: IRDAI launches Guidelines
The Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) has provided
guidelines for the health insurance providers to implement Arogya Sanjeevani Insurance
Policy. The regulator had earlier made it mandatory for the insurance providers to frame
a policy to provide basic coverage to at least 55% of Indian population.
1. About the policy

The “Arogya Sanjeevani Insurance Policy” guidelines was basically launched to cover the
hospitalisation expenses of the COVID-19 patients. The policy is not brought by GoI
rather instructed by GoI. So far policies of 29 health and insurance companies to cover
COVID-19 have been approved by IRDAI.
2. Guidelines of the Policy

The cost of the premium shall cover between Rs 1000 and Rs 1 lakh. Interested
customers shall opt for coverage up to Rs 5 lakhs. It is to be availed for citizens above
the age of 18 years and up to the age of 65 years. The room rent shall also be covered
under the policy. It has been capped at 2% of the sum.
42. Three Schemes launched to boost Electronic Manufacturing Sector
The Government of India has launched three incentive schemes to boost electronics
manufacturing in the country. The scheme will provide incentives of 4% to 6% when a
company shows increased sales on electronic products.
1. Highlights
The incentives offered under the scheme are of worth Rs 48,000 crores. The companies
shall claim the incentives from August 1, 2020. These include
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2. Production Linked Incentive Scheme
This is the largest scheme of all the three schemes. It will provide 4% to 6% incentives
on electronics products that show incremental sales. This includes electronic products
such as Printed Circuit Boards, photopolymer film, Marking and Packaging Units.
3. EMC 2.0
The main objective of the scheme is to provide support to companies that are creating
world class infrastructure in the Electronics sector. The scheme has been launched
under National Policy for Electronics 2019. It aims to make India a global hub of mobile
manufacturing.
3.1. Key Features

The scheme aims to provide grant assistance to set up both brown field and green field
EMCs. The first phase of EMC had approved 20 Green field projects and 3 common
facility centres in around 15 states. The EMC 2.0 has been launched strengthen the
infrastructure base of the country in Electronics sector.
4. SPECS
The scheme provides incentive of 25% of the capital spent on establishing an electronics
plant, equipment, machinery, technology, etc.
43. Hotspot Areas of COVID-19 identified and Antibody Tests in Hotspots

approved
The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has identified 20 Covid-19 hotspots in the
country. Though there are no community transmission in the country, ministry is take
these hotspots strictly. Also, 22 potential hotspots have been identified.
1. Antibody Tests
As the ministry identified hotspots, the ICMR (Indian Council of Medical Research) was
put on action in these areas. The ICMR is to conduct antibody tests in the hotspots. The
aim is to identify individuals that do not show symptoms but still have released antibody
into their blood stream due to COVID-19 infection.
2. About the test

The tests are rapid and the results will be available in 15 to 20 minutes. The RT-PCR
(Reverse Transcription-PCR) test is to be conducted to check the presence of antibodies.
The main purpose of conducting the test is to identify asymptomatic COVID-19 patients.
44. Bharat Biotech to develop intranasal Vaccine for Covid-19
Bharat Biotech along with virologists of University of Wisconsin and Madison have begun
development and testing of a new vaccine called CoroFlu for COVID-19.
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1. Highlights
The vaccine is to be developed with the M2SR vaccine as the main component. The
M2SR vaccine is used against flu. The M2SR is a self-limiting version of the influenza
virus. It induces immune response against flu.
2. The Vaccine
The gene sequences of SARS-CoV-2 that causes the COVID-19 disease is to be inserted
into the M2SR. This will induce immunity against corona virus. The process is expected
to take three to six months. The vaccine will be delivered intranasally.
3. The Plan
The Bharat Biotech is to manufacture around 300 million doses of the vaccine. The doses
are to be distributed all over the world.
4. Bharat Biotech
Bharat Biotech is an Indian Biotechnology company. It is headquartered at Hyderabad. It
was founded by Krishna Ella, an Indian Scientist. It is the first bio-pharma company
audited and approved by the Korean Food and Drugs Administration, Hyderabad.
45. India seeks 6 billion USD loans from ADB, AIIB
The World Bank has funded 1 billion USD to India to fight against COVID-19. With the
COVID-19 cases increasing further, India seeks 6 billion USD from ADB and AIIB
1. Highlights
The Indian Economy is to take a major hit with the 21-day lock down. The Asian
Development Bank has predicted that India’s growth rate is to be 4% in the fiscal year
2020-21. The bank had earlier predicted that the growth rate is to be 6%. The Fitch
Ratings cut India’s Growth rate to 2% from its initial forecast of 5.1%.
2. Funds
With the number of COVID-19 cases increasing in the country, India currently needs to
increase its testing numbers. Alongside, India should also concentrate on its economic
activities to keep the economy running. Though GoI has launched several initiatives, it
needs funds to provide health assistance to millions of people in the second populous
country in the world.
46. Operation Sanjeevani: 6.2 million tonnes of essential medicines

supplied to Maldives
The Indian Air Force recently delivered 6.2 million tonnes of essential medicines to
Maldives under Operation Sanjeevani.
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1. Highlights
The Indian Air Force airlifted the medicines in Hercules C-130J. The medicines included
lopinavir and ritonavir, influenza vaccines. Apart from medicines, the IAF also delivered
nebulisers, catheters, urine bags and feeding tubes.
2. Other Medical Assistance

In March 2020, India sent a 14-member medical team to Maldives to set up a viral
testing lab. Also, it gifted 5.5 tonnes of essential medicines.
3. Other Operations for Maldives

Operation Cactus was conducted in 1988 to help Maldives Government neutralize coup
attempt. In 201, Operation Neer was conducted to help Maldives with its drinking water
crisis.
4. India-Maldives
Ekuverin is the joint military exercise conducted between India and Maldives. 70% of
military training requirements of Maldives are provided by India. India is the fourth
largest trade partner of Maldives after UAE, China and Singapore.
47. COVID-19 Quarantine Alert System: Geo Fencing application to

locate Quarantine Violators
The Department of Telecommunications has issued Standard Operating Procedure for

the use of COVID-19 Quarantine Alert System (CQAS). The CAQS is an application used
to track COVID-19 patients who have violated quarantine.
1. Highlights
The application was developed by DoT and C-DoT (Centre for Development of
Telematics). The app collects phone data of the quarantine violator and alerts a local
agency. The application uses Geo-Fencing technology.
2. Geo-Fencing
The Geo-Fencing technology uses software such as RFID, GPS, Wi-Fi to trigger a pre-
programmed module. The technology allows to set up a virtual boundary called “Geo
Fence”. When a mobile enters of exits the geofence, the pre-programmed module starts
running. The program then sends alerts to authorised agencies.
3. The Indian Telegraph Act, 1885

The Centre uses the Indian Telegraph Act, 1885 to gain powers to fetch information
about the quarantined persons from the telecom companies. The information is obtained
every 15 minutes. The Section 5 of the act authorises both the state and central
governments to gain information about the phone users.
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48. National Health Authority partners with Uber: Dedicated Transport
Services for Health care workers
The National Health Authority has partnered with Uber India to provide dedicated
transport services to the health care workers that are involved in treating COVID-19
patients.
1. The Plan
UBER is to facilitate 150 free cars in the major cities such as Kanpur, New Delhi, Patna,
Prayagraj, Ghazidabad, Noida and Lucknow. The facility is being launched under the
name “UberMEdic Service”. These vehicles are to equipped with a roof to floor plastic
enclosing that will act as a protective barrier between the driver and the rider.
2. National Health Authority

The NHA is the apex body that implements ayushman Bharat. It was established in 2018.
The National Health Agency was replaced with National Health Authority. It is governed
by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. The Health Minister is the chairperson of
the MHA board. There are 11 members in the board.
49. CARUNA: An initiative by the civil servants to fight against COVID-19
On April 4, 2020, the associations of civil servants formed an initiative called CARUNA.
CARUNA is Civil Services Associations Reach to Support Natural Disasters.
1. Highlights
CARUNA is a collaborative platform. It includes IAS and IPS officers. The platform is to be
represented by NGO, industry leaders, IT professionals along with the civil servants. The
initiative is being launched to support government efforts to fight Corona Virus.
2. What is the role of CARUNA?

As civil servants are spread out all over the country, the initiative is an ideal platform to
assist and supplement government effort. It will help in generating data base of
information about migration, medical equipment, essential supplies, ventilators and
masks.
50. How is the power system to be managed during lights off on April 5,
2020?
On April 3, 2020, PM Modi addressed India to switch off their lights at 9 PM for nine
minutes and light lamps or candle. This is being done to show the united strength of the
country against the virus.
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1. Concerns on Power System during Lights Off
When everyone switches off the light at 9 PM, there is to be a dip in consumption of
power on the day. This will impact the power plants greatly. The impact will affect the
frequency of the power supplied to the other electric equipment such as fridge, A/C,
compressors, washing machines, etc that are to remain ON.
2. Action Plan
The Electricity authorities have studied the power consumption patterns in the states.
They have concluded that the dip and surge in power during light off is to be in the order
of 12 to 14 GW. This is 10% of the total electricity consumed in the country.
51. GoI set up Science-Technology Empowered Committee to speed up

COVID-19 solutions
The Government of India has constituted a Science and Technology Empowered

Committee to make speedy decisions on research and development of COVID-19.
1. Highlights
The Committee is to be chaired by Niti Aayog member Vinod Paul and K Vijay Raghavan.
Mr Raghavan is the principal scientific advisor to GoI. The committee will coordinate with
scientists, science agencies , regulatory bodies and industries.

The Committee has consented the institutes operating under Department of Science and
Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Department of Atomic Energy, CSIR, DRDO
and IIScs to prepare their labs towards research and testing of COVID-19. The research
of testing methodologies are to be stratified by the institutes based on the priorities set
by ICMR (Indian Council of Medical Research).
3. Steps taken so far

The medical institutes operating directly under the Central government have taken up
the following researches
52. An Online Hackathon, “Hack the Crisis” launched to work solutions

for COVID-19
The Minister of electronics and IT & HRD Shri Sanjay Dhotre launched “Hack the Crisis-
India”. It is an online hackathon that aims to work on solutions for COVID-19.
1. Highlights
The initiative is being organized by “FICCI Ladies Organization” and “Hack a Cause-
India”. The initiative is supported by Ministry of Electronics and IT. The Hackathon is a
part of Global initiative.
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2. The Global Initiative
The “Hack the Crisis” began in Estonia. A private firm Accelerate Estonia along with
other start ups launched the online event. More than 2000 participated and it was a
huge hit. Following its success, they have taken it globally with the help of several other
start-ups, government institutions and private sector units.
53. GoI: 30% of Corona Virus cases due to Tablighi Jamaat incident
The Government of India has traced 1,023 cases of COVID-19 to Tablighi Jamaat
congregation. The Contact Tracing across 17 states have led to Tablighi Jamaat
Congregation.
1. Tablighi Jamaat
It is a religious congregation that took place in Nizamuddin Markaz Mosque. The incident
has emerged to be the 30% source of spread of the virus in the country. Out of all the
states, Tamil Nadu is the worst affected. This is because, out of 386 cases, 259 of the
cases in Tamil Nadu attended the event.
2. What is Contract Tracing?

Contract Tracing is to find out how the virus has transmitted. It is the process to identify,
assess and manage people having exposed to the disease. Guidelines of GoI states that
contact tracing must be implemented within 48 hours of reporting.
3. National Security Act

The act extends to the whole of India. It empowers the Central and State Governments
to invoke the act to maintain public order.
54. Study: Impacts of COVID-19 lowered due to BCG Vaccination
Researchers of biomedical sciences of New York Institute of Technology say that the
countries such as Netherlands, Italy and United States are more severely affected than
countries with BCG policies. The Bacilus Calmette-Guerin vaccine that had been
administered in India to protect the children against Tuberculosis, according to the study
might be a game changer.
1. Key Highlights of the Study

Iran, according to the study started BCG programme late in 1984, had elevated mortality
rate. Brazil on the other hand that began the programme early had lower mortality rate.
Around 180 countries were studied. Out of these 157 are currently using BCG
programme. Several European countries that have higher mortality rates have dropped
the programme between 1963 and 2010.
2. BCG Vaccine
The vaccine is a part of universal immunization programme. The vaccine is a live
weakened form of mycobacterium bovis that causes TB in cattle. The bacteria that
causes TB in humans is mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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3. Immunization Programme
India has the highest burden of TB in the world. The BCG programme was introduced in
1948 in the country. The BCG had already proved its effectiveness against SARS
infection.
4. India’s opinion in the study

India believes that more scientific details are required to confirm the study and create
an action plan based on these findings. However, Australia has already stepped into the
research on the success of BCG vaccination against COVID-19
April 5, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
55. TB Machines approved by ICMR for COVID-19 testing
On April 4, 2020, the Indian Council of Medical Research approved the use of
Tuberculosis machine for conducting COVID-19 tests.
1. Highlights
Currently India is using the RT-PCR (Real time-Polymerase Chain Reaction) testing
recommended by the US and approved by FDA. Along with this, the ICMR has
recommended the use of Truenat test. The Truenat test is currently used to detect drug-
resistant TB.
2. About Truenat
The Truenat is a battery-operated device that requires minimal training. The device uses
chip-based technology and takes minimum of 60 minutes for a test. There are four-way
truenat machines available in India. These machines are capable of running 32 to 48
samples of multiple diseases.
3. Current Scenario
Today there are total of 800 Truenat machines in India. OF these 457 are in Andhra
Pradesh. Around 150 to 200 of these 800 machines are two way machines that are
capable of processing 16 to 24 samples in an hour.
56. JEEVAN: Railway makes low cost prototype of Ventilator; ICMR to

test the prototype
JEEVAN, is a low-cost energy efficient ventilator made by the Rail Coach Factory,
Kapurthala. The cost of the machine is fraction of what the original designs cost.
1. Highlights
The prototype is to be tested by ICMR before mass production. The cost of the machine
is around Rs 10,000 without a compressor.
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2. About the prototype
The ventilator consists of an air container which is considered as the heart of the device.
The machine is completely silent. It does not use link mechanism, servo motor or piston
mechanism. Also, the design was built from scratch and not from reverse engineering.
57. Asian Youth Games to be held in China in November 2021
The Olympic Council of Asia announced that the third Asian Youth Games is to be held in
China in November 2021. Around 18 Olympic games such as rock climbing, athletics,
gymnastics, aquatics, boat racing are to be included.
1. Asian Youth Games

The Asian Youth Games is held once in four years. It is organized by the Olympic Council
of Asia. It is the second largest sports gamed after the Asian Games. The first Asian
Youth Games was held in 2011 in Singapore, later in 2013 in China. More than 2,500
athletes take part in Asian Youth games every time.
2. Olympic Council of Asia

It is the governing body of sports events in Asia. India is a member of Olympic Council of
Asia. The transcontinental countries Armenia, Georgia, Turkey and Azerbaijan are all are
not part of Asia Olympic Council. They opted to join European Olympic committees.
Though majority of its territory lies in Russia, it belongs to Russian Olympic Committee.
58. FIFA Under 17 Women’s World Cup postponed to November
The Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) or the International

Federation of Association Football has postponed the Under-17 Women’s world cup to
November 2020.
1. Highlights
The FIFA Federations decided that the Under-17 and Under-20 Women’s World Cup be
postponed. The Under-20 women’s FIFA world cup was planned to be conducted in
Panama Costa Rica. The Under-17 Women’s FIFA world cup was scheduled to be
conducted in Indian cities such as Guwahati, Navi Mumbai, Ahmedabad, Bhubaneswar
and Kolkata.
2. FIFA
FIFA is an international governing body that conducts football, beach soccer and
efootball tournaments. It was founded in 1904. The headquarters of the association is
located in Zurich, Switzerland.
3. India and FIFA

The men team of India currently under the captainship of Sunil Chhetri has never
participated in the FIFA world cup. After independence in 1947, India qualified for world
cup. However, withdrew from the tournament as Indian players were not allowed to play
bear foot and also due to expenses. Till today, team is yet to qualify the tournament.
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59. “Mo Prativa”: Odisha-UNICEF Programme to engage children during

Lock Down
The Odisha Government recently launched “Mo Prativa” programme in collaboration with
UNICEF (United Nations Children’s Funds).
1. Highlights
The programme has been launched for the children to participate in online competitions
such as writing slogans, drawings, short story writing, paintings, etc. Under this
programme, children have to upload their works and they will receive certificate every
week.
2. About UNICEF
The United Nations Children’s Fund is a humanitarian and developmental organization. It
is headquartered in New York city. It was basically created to provide immediate relief
funds to mothers and children affected due to world war II. Later it was extended to work
on the long-term needs of children and women, especially in developing countries.
April 6, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
60. Ayushman Bharat: 50 Crore poor eligible for testing and treatment
On April 5, 2020, Union Health Minister Harsha Vardhan announced that over 50 crore
vulnerable and poor citizens are eligible under Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana
(Ayushman Bharat).
1. Highlights
Under Ayushman Bharat, the testing for the poor and vulnerable, (that is the citizens
eligible to claim benefits under the scheme) has been made free. The testing of COVID-
19 in public facilities are already free. The hospitals empaneled under the scheme shall
tie up with an authorized testing facility to test for COVID-19.
2. About Ayushman Bharat

The Scheme is currently being implemented by National Health Authority. Under the
scheme, the beneficiaries are provided with Rs 5 lakhs (per family). The beneficiaries are
identified from the SECC (Socio-Economic Caste Census). After, identification the
beneficiaries are considered as insured. The insurance amount when in need are shared
between the centre and the state in the ratio 60:40.
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61. GoI: Guidelines for Quarantine issued
On April 5, 2020, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare issued guidelines for
quarantine. According to the guidelines, the quarantine is separation and restriction of
movement. It shall be applied to an individual or a group of persons.
1. Key Highlights of Quarantine

 The Quarantine shall be preferably placed in the outskirts.
 The Quarantine facilities are labeled as follows
Low Risk Areas-They are the areas that have less direct contact with the evacuees.
Moderate risk areas-They are the areas where the suspects use pillow, linen, clothes. In other
words, there are contaminated surfaces that might come in contact with the attending health
personnel
High risk areas-They are also called containment quarantine camp. These areas include the
sample collection room, medical examination room, bathroom areas, areas of bio-waste
collection, disposal, etc.
 Low Risk Areas-They are the areas that have less direct contact with the evacuees.
 Moderate risk areas-They are the areas where the suspects use pillow, linen, clothes. In other
words, there are contaminated surfaces that might come in contact with the attending health
personnel
 High risk areas-They are also called containment quarantine camp. These areas include the
sample collection room, medical examination room, bathroom areas, areas of bio-waste
collection, disposal, etc.
 The Health care professionals from now on should be trained according to these guidelines.
 The Quarantine people are tested twice a day, in the morning and evening. They are placed
in quarantine for 14 days and are discharged after a final test.
2. Bio-Medical Waste Management

The bio-medical waste at the site of collection should be treated with 1% of hypochlorite
solution.
62. Food Corporation of India sets record: Movement of 1.93 lakh tonnes
of grains in one day
The Food Corporation has made sure that there is no disruption in the supply of essential
goods to the citizens since the lock down. Abiding to its determined goal of serving the
citizens, the FCI has set a new record. It has moved about 1.93 lakh tonnes of food
grains in a single day on April 3, 2020
1. Highlights
The FCI had moved 1.41 lakh tonnes of food grains during the 12 days since the
beginning of lock down. Of the total food grains transported during this period, 46%
were from Punjab. Following Punjab, food grains were also transported from Haryana,
Telangana, Chhattisgarh. Odisha and Andhra Pradesh.
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2. Current Scenario
In order to meet the requirements of National Food Security Act, the FCI is providing
wheat and rice directly. The usual E-Auction route has currently been put on hold. This is
being done to ensure there is continuous supply of food grains in the market. The GoI is
supplying FCI delivered food grains through Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Ann Yojana.
63. NASA’s Artemis: First Human Base Camp on moon’s south pole by
2024
The NASA project Artemis aims at placing first woman and next man on the moon. The
project aims to build a base camp on the moon’s south pole.
1. Highlights
The Artemis project aims to land humans on the moon by 2024. The project also aims to
make a one month or two-month stay on the moon. This project is first of its kind as no
country has launched a stay mission to the moon.
2. About Artemis
The project is carried out in collaboration with European Space Agency, Canadian Space
Agency, Japan Space Agency and Australian Space Agency.
3. Artemis
In Greek Culture, Artemis is the daughter of Leto and Zeus. She was the twin sister of
Apollo and was the protector of young girls. She was worshipped as the primary goddess
of midwifery and child birth. Her temple Ephesus was one of the seven wonders of the
ancient world. The temple is currently located in Ionia, Turkey.
64. Empowered Group constituted to coordinate COVID-19 related

Response Activities
On April 5, 2020, the Government of India constituted an empowered group under the
chairmanship of NITI Aayog CEO Amitabh Kant. The group will coordinate with NGOs,
private sector and international organizations for COVID-19 related response activities.
1. Highlights
The Group consists of three branches of stakeholder. In the first group, the stakeholders
are from UN Agencies, Asian Development Bank and World Bank. The second group is
from civil society organizations and the third group is from FICCI, CII, NASSCOM,
ASSSOCHAM, etc. So far, these groups have conducted six meetings with international
organizations, industry associations.
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2. Significance
The group points out the areas where the country needs support. They follow the
methods and protocols adopted by India and other countries all over the world. India has
framed its “Joint Programme Response Plan” based on the recommendations made by
the group. The plan has been submitted to NITI Aayog. It delivers activities required in
different states and union territories.
65. April 7: World Health Day
Every year, April 7 is marked as the World Health Day. The day is marked to celebrate
the work of midwives and nurses for their role in keeping the world safety and healthy.
This year, 2020, has added significance of marking the World Health Day for the year
being celebrated as International Year of Nurse and Midwife.
1. Highlights
The World Health Day is marked by World Health Organization along with several other
organizations. On the world health day, the State of World Nursing Report, 2020 is to be
released. Every year, the theme of the World Health Day is selected by WHO. This year
the day is to be marked under the theme
2. History
WHO held the first world health assembly in 1948. The day is celebrated every year to
mark WHO’s founding. The WHO marks only eight campaigns officially. World Health Day
is one among them. The other campaigns include World Malaria Day. World Tuberculosis
Day, World Immunization Week, World No Tobacco Day, World AIDS Day, World Hepatitis
Day and World Blood Donor Day.
66. ICMR approves India’s first home screening test kit of COVID-19
The Indian Council of Medical Research recently approved the home testing COVID-19 kit
that was designed by a startup called Bione.
1. Highlights
The prices of the kit ranges between Rs 2,000 and Rs 3,000. In order to take the test,
one has to clean his or her finger with alcohol and use the lancet in the kit to prick the
finger. The kit examines the blood that oozes out from the pick and displays the result in
5 to 10 minutes.
2. About Bione
The company is headquartered in Bengaluru and is the first company to bring in Next
Generation Sequencing in India. Today it is the only company in the country that is
offering personalized Genetic and microbiome testing.
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3. Next Generation Sequencing
It is the technology that allows a person to determine the sequence of DNA molecules.
The technology basically determines the order of four bases of a DNA molecule namely
adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine.
67. Army Medical Corps 256th Raising Day celebrated
On April 3, 2020, the Army Medical Corps Raising Day was celebrated under the motto
1. Highlights
The Army Medical Corps have been actively involved in establishing isolation, screening
and treatment facilities for armed personnel. This is being done even now, in the
ongoing COVID-19 crisis. They are known for their quality patient care
2. Army Medical Corps

The Army Medical Corps provide medical services to army personnel along with their
families. The Army Medical Corps was established in 1943 amalgamating Indian Medical
Services, Indian Hospital and Nursing Corps and Indian Medical Department. Until 1918,
the Indian troops had no separate station hospital facilities.
3. Indian Medical Service

The Indian Medical Service was the major contributor of the Army Medical Corps. IT was
formed in 1612 when East India Company was formed. Indianization of the service began
in 1912. Till then only British doctors and surgeons were appointed and British personnel
were given priority.
68. Prana Vayu: Low Cost Portable Ventilator developed by IIT Roorkee
With only 40,000 ventilators in India, the demand for ventilators are increasing day by
day as the number of cases of COVID-19 are increasing day by day. In order to fulfil the
demands, IIT Roorkee has developed low cost portable ventilator called “Prana Vayu”.
1. Highlights
The portable ventilators are highly suited for the modified railway coaches. So far, more
than 20,000 coaches have been modified into hospital beds. With increasing demands,
around 70 railway coaches are to be modified into isolation wards.
2. About Prana Vayu

The ventilator delivers required amount of air to the patient based on controlled
operation of the prime mover. It controls the flow rates of oxygen in inhalation and
exhalation lines by controlling the pressure applied. The ventilator shall be used for all
age groups. The major benefit of the design is that the manufacturing time of the
ventilator is minimal. The ventilator design was presented to 450 companies at the
webinar organized by CII.
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69. GoI: “MHRD AICTE COVID-19 Student Helpline portal” launched
The Ministry of Human Resource and Development has launched “MHRD AICTE COVID-
19 Student Helpline Portal”. The portal aims to support students facing difficulties due to
closure of hostel and colleges.
1. Highlights
The ministry has launched a website https://helpline.aicte-india.org with the main
objective of connecting those who are in need of help with those that are willing to help.
Under this initiative, the students will be supported with examinations, scholarships,
online classes, food, health, transport, etc. Around 6,500 colleges have come forward to
provide support.
2. AICTE
The AICTE is All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE). It is a statutory body
operating under Ministry of HRD. It was an advisory body till 1945 and gained statutory
status after parliament passed a law in 1987. The Council has powers to determine
examination rules, curriculum, fee structure, etc. However, according to Supreme Court
judgement 2013, the council has no rights to enforce sanction on an educational
institution.
70. CAWACH: Established by GoI to support startups working on COVID-

19
The Department of Science and Technology has set up a Centre for Augmenting WAR
with COVID-19 Health crisis. The centre is to be established at Rs 56 crores.
1. Highlights
The CAWACH is being established by the DST to support the start-ups. It is to be
implemented by SINE, IIT Bombay. The initiative will help identify innovative solutions to
address the country’s need in diagnostics, ventilators and therapeutics.
2. Key Features of the Initiatives

The initiative will also help in fund deployment for the startups. It will identify 50
innovative startups based on factors such as novelty, cost, solutions for sanitizers,
therapeutics, disinfectants, respiratory aids, informatics and protective gears.
3. What is SINE?
SINE is Society for Innovation and Entrepreneurship. It is an incubator for technology
solutions at IIT Bombay and is supported by Department of Science and Technology.
71. What is Lifeline UDAN?
The Lifeline UDAN was launched by the Ministry of Civil Aviation to help India fight
against COVID-19. Under this initiative, flights were operated in transporting essential
equipment and medicines all over the country.
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1. Highlights
The Lifeline UDAN initiative was a huge success as in just 5 days of its launch, more than
15.4 tonnes of essential supplies have been transported in 62 aircrafts. The products
transported included masks and gloves, consumables, etc. In order help public to track
Lifeline Udan flights, the status of the flights were uploaded in a portal. The portal was
developed by National Informatics Centre.
2. UDAN
The UDAN initiative focused on the regional airport development. It aimed to make air
travel widespread and affordable.
72. A Tiger tests positive of COVID-19 in the US: Zoos on high alert in
the country
On April 6, 2020, the Central Zoo Authority of the United States asked all the zoos to
stay on high alert after a tiger tested positive of COVID-19. This is the first time COVID-
19 infections are reported on an animal.
1. Highlights
A four-year-old Malayan tiger in the Bronx Zoo of New York has tested positive of Corona
Virus. It is still not known how the disease will develop in cats. This is because different
species behave differently. Till date there is no evidence that animals play a major role
in COVID-19 transmission. Also, there is no evidence that a human can be infected by
the virus from animals.
2. COVID-19 not air borne

There are no findings till date how the virus transmits between animals and humans.
Indian Council of Medical Research has confirmed that there is no evidence that COVID-
19 is air borne disease. There are evidences that it spreads only through droplets. The
virus spreads through two different types of droplets namely respiratory droplets and
droplet nuclei. When the droplets are 5-10 μm in diameter they are called respiratory m in diameter they are called respiratory
droplets. When the droplets are less than 5μm in diameter they are called respiratory m in diameter they are called droplet nuclei.
3. Malayan Tiger
Malayan Tigers or the Southern Indochinese Tiger is a type of tiger sub-species native to
Peninsular Malaysia. It is classified as a critically endangered species by IUCN. They are
threatened by habitat loss/ fragmentation, poaching, illegal trade for traditional
medicine, etc.
4. Feline Coronavirus
Cats are affected by a specific class of coronavirus called the feline coronavirus. Unlike
the SARS CoV 2, feline coronaviruses are transmitted through faecal- oral route. These
viruses affect the intestine or peritoneum of cats.
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73. Life Insurance Council: “Force Majeure” does not apply for COVID-19
cases
On April 6, 2020, the Life Insurance council announced that the “Force Majeure” clause
will apply to COVID-19 deaths. Apart from the council, Kolkata Port Trust has also
invoked force majeure.
1. What is force Majeure?

Force Majeure clause was introduced for unforeseen circumstances. This includes natural
disasters, accidents, epidemics, pandemics.
2. Legislation
Force Majeure is a French phrase. It is embodied under Indian Contract Act, 1972 under
Sections 32 and Sections 56.
3. What is the issue?

A force majeure in a contract can now be used to argue that the contract cannot be
completed in time due to the spread of COVID-19. This will give rise to financial losses as
projects will be delayed legally, some projects might end up in disputes. Bottom line, if a
contractor has used the force majeure clause, he might use the clause in his favour
citing COVID-19 an excuse. This will end up financial losses.
74. Cabinet: Ordinance to cut salary of PM and MPs by 30% approved
On April 6, 2020, the Union Cabinet approved to cut the salary of Prime Minister and
other MPs by 30%. Apart from them, the salaries of president, governor and vice
president are also to be cut
1. Highlights
The amount cut from the members are to go to consolidated fund of India. The Cabinet
has also approved that the MPLADS are to be suspended for 2 years that is between
2020-21 and 2021-22. With this move, GoI has saved 7,900 crores.
2. Consolidated Fund of India

The Consolidated Funds of India holds the revenue received by the GoI. The fund was
constituted under Article 266. The funds include direct taxes, indirect taxes, receipts
from loans, money borrowed. The money from the funds cannot be withdrawn without
the permission of the Parliament.
3. MPLADS
The MPLADS is Members of Parliament Local Area Development Scheme (MPLADS). It
was introduced in 1993. Under this scheme, the members of the parliament shall
recommend works upto Rs 25 lakhs per year. And in case of natural calamity, they shall
sanction funds upto Rs 1 crore.
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April 7, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
75. Centre to States: Maintain the supply of Medical Oxygen
The Central Government has asked the states to maintain the supply of medical oxygen
smooth and hassle-free. Medical Oxygen included in national list of essential medicines
and also in the WHO list of essential medicines.
1. What is medical Oxygen?

Medical Oxygen is pure oxygen. It contains 99.5% of pure oxygen. Generally, the air we
breathe contains 21% of oxygen. When the impurities in the atmosphere increase, the
concentration of oxygen decreases. For instance, an industrial unit emits Sulphur. A
person standing near the unit breathes in air that is less concentrated with oxygen. This
is because, oxygen in the air combines with the Sulphur released to form Sulphur di-
oxide.
2. List of Essential Medicines

The National List of Essential medicines is a model of WHO List of Essential Medicines.
The essential medicines are those medicines that satisfy priority health needs of the
population.
3. National List of Essential Medicines

The first NLEM of India was released in 1996. The list consisted of 279 medicines then.
The list was revised to 354 in 2003. Later in 2011, the list was updated to 348
medicines. In 2018, the list was updated to 851 medicines. For the first time, cardiac
stents, condoms, drug eluting stents and intra uterine devices were placed under NLEM
in India.
76. Task Force to be set up to prevent Human and Animal transmission

of COVID-19
The Indian Government is taking precautionary steps after it was learnt that COVID-19
infects animals as well. Recently a Malayan tiger in the zoo of New York was reported to
have infected with COVID-19.
1. Highlights
India is taking precautionary step to prevent Animal and Human transmission of the
virus in the country. The Central Government has instructed the state governments to
take immediate steps to stop the spread of the virus from humans to the animals.
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2. Steps taken
The number of staffs in the zoos, national parks, tiger reserves and sanctuaries are to be
limited. A Task Force is to be set up with field managers, veterinary doctors and front-
line staffs. Also, a nodal officer is to be appointed to report a “round the clock
mechanism”. The GoI has also advised the animal welfares to stick to stipulations issued
by the Health Ministry. This is mainly being done to restrict the movement of staffs and
other local people in and around sanctuaries, national parks and tiger reserves.
77. Smart Cities Mission: Integrated Command and Control Centres to be

used for COVID-19
The Municipalities are now using the Integrated Command and Control Centres built
under “Smart Cities” mission as war rooms of COVID-19.
1. Highlights
The smart cities in India such as Pune, Varanasi, Surat, Bengaluru and other cities have
started to use the Integrated Command and Control Centres built under the Smart Cities
Mission to fight against COVID-19. They are being used to keep tabs on people under
quarantine. They are now called as “COVID-19 War Rooms”.
2. How is the mission helpful for COVID-19?

The Smart Cities Mission now helps in surveillance of public places, GPS tracking of
Health care workers, GID mapping of COVID-19 patients. It also helps in predictive
analysis of virus containment in different zones of the city. This is being done through
heat maps. The programme also helps in real time tracking of ambulance, tele-
counselling, tele-medicine, disinfection services and its tracking and virtual training to
healthcare professionals and doctors.
3. Successful initiatives of Smart Cities programme to fight COVID-19

 The Pune Smart City Development Corporation launched an integrated dashboard. The
dashboard will monitor quarantine facilities, health care workers.
 Safe Kashi App developed by Varanasi Municipal corporation. The application provides
information about every order being passed by the local government. It also provides the dos
and don’ts for the public to stay safe.
78. Ordnance Factory Board to introduce “modified tents” to set up

isolation units
The Ordnance Factory Board that governs the defence manufacturing unit spread across
India is to introduce “modified tents” to set up isolation units.
1. Highlights
The idea of modified tents was brought by the Ordnance Equipment Factory, Kanpur. It
aims to create isolation wards that will act as tents. The tent is to be made of Poly Viscos
and is water proof.
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2. Hand Sanitizers by OFBs
The Ordnance Factories are also working on hand sanitizers. The Ordnance Factory in
Aruvankadu, Tamil Nadu has delivered 3,564 litres of hand sanitizers as on April 4, 2020.
The Ordnance Factory in Itarsi, Madhya Pradesh and Bhandara, Maharashtra are
delivering 3,000 litres of hand sanitizers each on daily basis.
3. Nodal Agency
The HLL (Lifecare Limited) has been appointed as the nodal agency by the GoI for
centralized procurement of hand sanitizers. The nodal agency has placed an order of
13,000 litres to the ordnance factories to fulfil the growing demand of hand sanitizers in
the country.
79. Delhi Government announces 5T plan to control COVID-19
On April 7, 2020, the Government of Delhi announced 5T plan to tackle the spread of
Corona Virus in the Union Territory. The 5T plan includes Testing, Tracing, Teamwork,
Treatment and Tracking
1. Testing
Under the Testing Programme, the government is to conduct 1 lakh rapid tests in
hotspot areas of Delhi. The current hotspot areas of Delhi include Garden, Dilshad and
Nizamuddin
2. Tracing
Under the Tracing programme, the government is to identify the people who have come
in contact with the COVID-19 positive patients. The identified persons will be
quarantined. In order to achieve the tracing programme, the government is to get help
from Delhi Police
3. Treatment
Around 2,950 beds have been reserved exclusively for COVID-19 positive patients. Apart
from this, beds in private hospitals have been identified to treat COVID-19 positive
patients alone. More than 12,000 hotel rooms are to be taken over.
4. Teamwork
The State will work with centre in this programme. The technology professionals, doctors
and nurses are the main members of this programme.
5. Tracking and Monitoring

Under this programme, the government will actively monitor the step being taken in
implementing the 5T programme. And also will take actions to contain the spread of the
virus.
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80. GoI launches 5 research projects to mitigate the spread of COVID-19
On April 3, 2020, the Government of India launched 5 research projects in order to

control the spread of COVID-19. The projects neither focus on vaccines nor on medicines.
GoI has been very clear and has also announced earlier that it is currently not into
developing medicine for COVID-19. Rather the first priority is to mitigate the spread. The
research projects were selected based on this plan.
1. Project 1
The first project aims to search the metabolite biomarker signature for the virus. These
markers will help in capturing the activities of the cell or an organism infected with the
virus. This knowledge is base for developing potential drug for the vaccines
2. Project 2
The second project is to develop viricidal coatings that shall be used in surgical masks to
prevent the spread of highly contagious viruses such as SARS, COVID-19, etc.
3. Project 3
The third project is to develop antiviral surface coatings to help prevent the spread of
infections caused by influenza virus. The aim is to develop polymeric compounds that
will be coated upon surfaces and will kill the viruses completely upon contact.
4. Project 4
The fourth project is to develop a material which when applied over surfaces will remove
viruses and bacteria adhering to it.
5. Project 5
The fifth project is to develop antibody-based capture of COVID-19 and inactivate it
using lipid based gel.
6. Intensification of Research in High Priority Areas Scheme

The projects have been launched under IRPHA scheme. The scheme is implemented by
SERB, Science and Engineering Research Board. SERB operated under Department of
Science and Technology. Apart from these 5 projects small projects like data driven
approach to contain the spread of the virus is also being launched.
81. Krishi Vigyan Kendra: Door Delivery of fish Scheme
The Krishi Vigyan Kendra operating under Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute
has launched a door delivery scheme in Kerala. Under the scheme, it is providing door
delivery of fishes to several households in Kochi city.
1. Highlights
The Door Delivery scheme has gained a good response in the Kochi city with average
daily supply hitting 510 kg. Under the scheme, the KVK is catering 350 homes. Through
this, the institute if earning around Rs 1.6 lakh rupees every day.
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2. Operation of the initiative
The varieties sold by KVK such are sea bass, pearl spot, crabs and pompano are
circulated to consumers through WhatsApp messages. The initiative is being operated
through a Self-help Group. The members of the group have been trained under COVID-
19 prevention protocol. They are certified as well.
82. GoI launches “Containment Plan for Large Outbreaks”
With the lock down period nearing its closure, the Govenremnt of India has begun its
preliminary preparations to pull the economy back to its bloom. Several strategies are
being adopted by the Government in order to achieve this.
1. The Plan
There are six steps in the plan. They are as follows
2. Significance
The plan is being launched to enable a routine life in other parts other parts of the
country where the spread of the virus is less. The plan is to be strictly followed in
identified hotspots.
83. India restricts export ban of HCQ drug
On April 7, India announced restrictions on export of Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) drug.

India had imposed ban on export of HCQ drug to prevent the shortage of the drug in the
country. The United States and 30 other countries including some of the SAARC
countries have been pressuring India to remove the ban. The United States lately has
been forcing India upon its ban as the shortages in US has been increasing greatly.
2. Significance of HCQ
The Hydroxychloroquine drug is one of the four mega methods considered for trials to
contain the spread of COVID-19. The drug is used in the US as a preventive measure.
The drug is recommended to asymptomatic patients that are in close contact with the
COVID-19 patients.
84. China and US bring in aid for India
The United States has announced 2.9 million USD aid for India to fight against COVID-19.
Apart from the US, China is to donate more than 1,70,000 Personal Protective Equipment
to India.
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1. India-China
Currently, there are 3,87,000 PPE kits in the country. The domestic supply of the PPE kits
will increase after the kits from China arrive in India. India is also negotiating with
Singapore to import around 8 million PPE kits.
2. India-US
The United States has allocated funds of 2.9 million USD under its American Global
Response Package. Through this package the US has helped 64 countries contributing
around 174 million USD. Along with India, the fund is to be provided to several other
ASEAN countries. It also includes 2.4 million USD for the United States Agency for
International Development (USAID).
85. Jan Aushadhi Sugam App launched: Essential Medicines home

delivered by “Swasth Ke Sipahi”
The Pharmacists of the Pradhan Mantri Janaushadhi Kendra established under the
Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi Pariyojana (PMBJAP) are delivering essential
medicines at the doorsteps of elderly and other patients.
1. Highlights
The PMBJAP that was launched with the intention of providing affordable medicines to
the citizens of the country is now helping GoI to maintain social distancing. The Kendras
(pharmacies where of the initiative) of the initiatives are run by Bureau of Pharma PSU
(Public Sector Unit) of India (BPPI). There are more than 6,300 PMJAKs that are spread in
726 districts.
2. Jan Aushadhi Sugam App launched

The application is a SAP based software that can be downloaded from Google play. The
application is to be used to locate the nearest Pradhan Mantri Janaushadhi Kendra. The
app also provides availability of the medicines along with their prices. Currently there
are two warehouses in Chennai and Gurugram and 50 distributors are working towards
the initiative.
86. India allows export of 12 Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API)
On April 7, 2020, the Government of India allowed the export of 12 Active

Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs). GoI had earlier banned the export of these APIs and
their formulations to prevent their shortages in India.
1. Highlights
The Directorate General of Foreign Trade amended the export ban. The major drugs that
were banned include Vitamins B6, B1, B12, Neomycin, Erythromycin, Acyclovir. The
Pharmexcil has expressed concerns to lift the ban on Paracetamol as well.
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2. Pharmexcil
The Pharmexcil is Pharmaceuticals and Export Promotion Council of India that operates
under Ministry of Commerce and Industry. The amin function of the council is to
represent GoI in abroad to get solutions to problems in the industry. It also provides
suggestions to GoI in solving issues related to exports of Pharma products.
87. Japan declares Emergency
On April 7, 2020, the world’s third largest economy, Japan declared emergency to
combat the Covid-19 pandemic. The State of Emergency is to last till May 6, 2020.
1. Highlights
Iniatially, the emergency is to be applied in six prefectures namely Kanagwa, Chiba,
Saitama, Osaka, Fukuoka and Hyogo. Today there are more than 3,906 cases of COVID-
19 in Japan.
2. Legislation
There are no legal provision in Japan as that of France to impose lock down with
penalties and fines. However, 80% of Japanese people supported the lock down. This
was learnt from a poll conducted by an internationally popular Television network TBS.
3. Economy
The Experts predict that Japanese economy will shrink by 17% in the second quarter due
to the lock down.
April 8, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
88. Exports: GoI launches guidelines for Certificate of Origin
The Ministry of Commerce recently launched an online platform to issue Certificate of

Origin to the exporters and other guidelines. The move is being taken to facilitate
shipments during lock down.
1. Highlights
Currently, the online platform is used obtain certificate of exports under PTA signed with
Chile, SAFTA signed with Nepal and SAPTA signed with SAARC countries and also India-
Korea Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement. The guidelines has included
many more such agreements to the list. IT has also framed time line and an online
protocol to issue the certificate.
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2. Certificate of Origin
The Certificate of Origin document is used worldwide. The certificate attests that the
product originated in a particular country. The Guidelines for the issuance of certificate
of origin is issued by International Chamber of Commerce. The certificate is important to
determine tariffs. For instance, a preferential agreement might be supported by
certificate of origin will reduce impose duty imposed on the product.
3. SAFTA and SAPTA

SAFTA is South Asian Free Trade Area that was signed in 2004 at the SAARC summit. The
agreement created a free area of trade that accommodates more than 1.6 billion people.
Under the agreement, the custom duties of traded goods were brought to be brought
down to zero by 2016. SAPTA is SAARC Preferential Trading Agreement that envisages
creating an area of preferential trading.
89. NHAI: 3,979 km of NH constructed in one year; Highest in Indian

History
The National Highway Authority of India recently completed the construction of 3,979 km
of national highways in the financial year 2019-20. This is the highest ever target
achieved by the authority in a financial year since its establishment. The Government of
India envisaged construction of national highway under Bharatmala Pariyojana.
1. Bharatmala Pariyojana
The scheme is being implemented by Ministry of Road and Transport and Highways. It
was launched in 2015. The scheme has set a target of completing 65,000 km of NH.
Under Phase-I of the project, the scheme is to complete 27,500 km of NH construction.
Government of India has allocated Rs 5,35,000 crore for completion of phase I. The
phase I was to be completed in 5 years of the project launch. So far 27,500 km has been
constructed.
2. NHAI
The NHAI was established in 1995. It is a statutory body operating under Ministry of
Road Transport and Highways. NHAI was set up under the provisions of National
Highway Authority of India Act, 1988.
90. Samadhan: A challenge launched by the Ministry of Human Resource

Development
On April 7, 2020, the Ministry of Human Resource Development launched “Samadhan”, a

challenge to address COVID-19 in the country. The mega online challenge was launched
by the Innovative Cell of Ministry of Human Resources Development and AICTE (All India
Council for Technical Education) along with Forge and Innovation Curis.
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1. Highlights
The “Samadhan” challenge aims to motivate the students to make new discoveries and
perform new experiments and come up with solutions that will help fight COVID-19. The
solutions selected are to be implemented in government hospitals, health services and
other services.
2. Challenges of India to contain the virus

The challenges of countries in containing the virus differs from one another. This is
mainly because the spread of the virus varies based on the topography. Therefore, the
challenges faced by the countries are also unique. The challenges faced by India as
follows
91. Unemployment Rate in India has increased to 23% due to Lock Down
The Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE) recently released a survey on the
current unemployment situation in India. According to the survey, more than 20% of
Indian Economy has lost their jobs since the lock down.
1. Highlights
The report said that the unemployment rate for the month of March is expected to be
8.7% as compared to 7.8% in February. Around 100 million workers in construction,
mining, manufacturing and services sector are jobless due to lock down.
2. CMIE
The CMIE was established in 1974. It produces business and economic databases. It is an
independent think tank. The largest surveys of India are being conducted by the centre.
This includes household incomes and pattern of saving and spending. The think tank
provides services to governments, financial markets, businesses, etc.
92. Anti-Microbial Coating Technology approved by DST
The Department of Science and Technology recently approved anti-microbial coating

developed by Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR).
1. What is Anti-Microbial Coating

The anti-microbial coating can be applied or fabricated into surfaces such as textiles,
plastics, etc. The coating kills the microbes as they come in contact to it. This includes
fungus, bacteria, viruses like influenza virus, COVID-19, etc. The technology is first of its
kind.
2. Significance
The coating is to be used in PPEs (Personal Protection Equipment) such as gowns, face
shields, gloves used by health care personnel.
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3. Benefits
The Compound developed through the technology is soluble in several solvents such as
plastics, textiles, PVC, polystyrene, polyurethane. This eases the use of the compound.
The coating kills the microbes within 30 minutes of contact. The microbes get killed as
the coating disrupts the membranes of the pathogens.
93. Imports of Edible Oil decline in India by 32.44%
The Solvent Extractors Association of India reported that edible oil imports in India has
declined by 32.44% in March 2020. This is because, India, the largest importer if
vegetable oil in the world has reduced its imports due to the threats of COVID-19.
1. Highlights
The report released by the association highlighted that India feeds its citizen with 60% of
imported edible oil. There has been 90% fall in imports in March 2020. In March 2019,
India imported 3,12,673 tonnes of edible. This year, in march 2020, India imported only
30,850 tonnes.
2. Why huge decline?

The import of RBD (Refined, Bleached and Deodorized) Palmolein has been restricted
since January 2020. It was put under “restricted list”. This means that an importer has to
acquire license for inbound shipment.
3. Imports of India
India imports its palm oil mainly from Indonesia and Malaysia. India has been restricting
its palm oil from Malaysia since Kashmir comment made by the former Malaysian Prime
Minister at the United Nations General Assemble meet. India imports soyabean oil from
Argentina and sunflower oil from Ukraine and Russia.
94. India begins working on Genome Sequencing of COVID-19
The CCMB (Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology), CSIR (Council of Scientific and
Industrial Research) and IGIB (Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology) are working
on genome sequencing of COVID-19.
1. Highlights
The Genome Sequencing is being done to understand the evolution of the virus. This will
help to learn about the future aspects. The blood samples of COVID-19 positive patients
are to be collected and sent to the centres. The sequencing process requires large
amount data. Currently, GoI is stepping into the phase of collection of data. It is
expected that in another 3 to 4 weeks the researchers will isolate at least 200 to 300
strands.
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2. About Genome Sequencing
The Genome Sequencing is used to determine complete DNA Sequence of an organism.
The Genome Sequencing will also help to learn about family tree of the virus. The virus
are classified based on their morphology, mode of replication, nucleic acid type, host
organism and type of diseases caused by them.
95. SAFE Scheme: SIDBI provides working capital of Rs 1 crore to MSME
On April 8, 2020, the Small Industries Development Bank of India announced that it will
provide emergency working capital of Rs 1 crore to small and medium enterprises.
1. SAFE Scheme
The SIDBI launched SAFE scheme on March 26, 2020. The SAFE scheme is SIDBI
Assistance to Facilitate Emergency Response against Corona Virus. It is financial
assistance programme for small and medium enterprises that are engaged in
manufacturing. Under the scheme, the MSEs that are involved in manufacturing masks,
hand sanitizers, head gears, gloves, body suits, ventilators, shoe-covers and goggles
shall avail loan up to Rs 50 lakhs. This will help in addressing shortage issues of Personal
Protective Equipment (PPE) in the country.
2. About the new initiative

Under the scheme, the SIDBI is to provide emergency working capital up to Rs 1 crore.
This is being done as SAFE Plus initiative. The initiative is offered collateral free and will
be disbursed in 48 hours.
96. GoI: Scientific Services by CSIR to mitigate COVID-19
The CSIR-CERCRI (Central Electrochemical Research Institute) has come out with
scientific services to mitigate COVID-19. The Centre has made series of lab made PPEs
(Personal Protective Equipment).
1. Highlights
India is currently on the line of facing shortage of PPEs. In order to address this issue, the
centre has come up with hand wash, disinfectant solutions and hand sanitizers. The
solutions are packed in containers are distributed to organizations free of cost. So far
350 litres of hand sanitizers and 1000 litres disinfectant solutions have been sent.
2. WHO standard
According to WHO standard, the hand sanitizer should contain 75% of Iso-Propanol,
1.45% of Glycerol, 0.125% of Hydrogen Peroxide and a natural ingredient like lemon
grass oil for fragrance.
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97. ILO of United Nations: 400 million Indian workers to sink into poverty
On April 8, 2020, the International Labour Organization released its report, “COVID-19
and world of work”. According to the report, around 400 million people are to enter
poverty in India.
1. Highlights
The United Nations Labour body, International Labour Organization has warned that the
COVID-19 is to wipe out 195 million full-time jobs. Globally, the virus is to cut 6.7% of
working hours.
2. Impacts
The COVID-19 is to affect mainly tourism sector, businesses, manufacturing, retail and
food services. Around 3.3 billion work forces are affected due to full time or part time
workplace closures.
98. United Nations suspended rotation and deployment of Peace keeping

forces
On April 8, 2020, the United Nations announced that the organization is suspending tis
peace keeping forces till June 30. This is being done to mitigate the risk of transmission
of COVID-19 virus.
1. About UN Peace Keeping

The United Nations Peace Keeping was founded in 1945. There are more than 90,000
active personnel currently working in peacekeeping mission of the UN. This year the
United Nations allocated around 6.7 billion USD for its UN peace keeping mission.
2. United Nations Security Council

It is the responsibility of the UNSC to maintain international peace and security. Thus,
the international community always looks up to the UNSC to authorise peace keeping
operations. The Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter empowers UNSC to deploy
peace keeping forces in a region. However, the UNSC is constituted of only 5 permanent
members out of 198 member nations. They are USA, China, Russia, France and UK.
There are other 15 members whose chairs are rotated among the 198 numbers based on
voting.
99. Three types of Health Care Facilities to be set up to manage COVID-

19 cases
On April 8, 2020, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare announced that the hospitals
and health facilities have been classified to deal with COVID-19 cases in the country.
There are three types of COVID-19 health centres to be set up in the country.
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1. Highlights
According to the ministry, all the centres will have separate, dedicated facilities for
confirmed cases. The ministry has also announced that if one person does not follow
strict guidelines of social distancing, he or she shall infect 406 people in just 30 days.
The data was provided by ICMR after careful study of the spread and pattern of infection
of the disease in the country.
2. COVID Care Centre

These centres will attend cases that are clinically assigned as very mild or mild. They are
makeshift facilities. They can be hostels, stadiums, schools, lodges, etc.
3. Dedicated COVID Health Centre

These centres will attend cases that are assigned as “moderate”. These centres will
compulsorily have oxygen support in all beds. Also, these centres will have dedicated
ambulance support equipped with sufficient oxygen support.
4. Dedicated COVID Hospital

These hospitals attend cases that have been clinically assigned as “severe”. They can be
either a complete hospital or a part of the hospital. The private hospitals shall also be
designated to this category. These hospitals will hold complete set up of ICUs, beds with
oxygen support and ventilar units
5. Current Scenario
So far 402 persons have recovered from the disease and 149 have lost their lives due to
the disease. The ICMR has so far tested 1,14,015 samples. Around 136 government
laboratories and 63 private laboratories have been approved by the ICMR to make
COVID-19 testing.
100. Funding approved by DST to develop Nasal Passage Gel for COVID-
19
The Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering and IIT Madras have developed a
nasal passage gel that will inactivate COVID1-9. The funding to support the technology is
to be provided by SERB (Science and Engineering Research Board), a statutory body
operating under Department of Science and Technology.

The team formed from the two institutes will work on two approaches. They are as
follows
2. Plan I
Under one approach, the plan is to create a causative agent that will prevent the virus
from binding to the host cells. This method will reduce the probability of the host cells
being infected. Later the viruses are inactivated using a drug or other technology. This
technology will only support prevention of binding.
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3. Plan II
Another approach is to inactivate the virus by trapping them. This method traps the
virus similar to that of detergents. Through the method, the team intends to develop
gels that can be applied in the nasal cavity.
101. Bio Fortified Carrots developed by farmer scientist
A farmer scientist of Junagadh district, Gujarat Shri Vallabhai Vastambhai Marvaniya

developed biofortified carrots. The carrots are locally called “Madhuban Gajar”. It is rich
in β-carotene and iron.
1. Highlights
The biofortified carrot variety is benefiting more than 150 local farmers. The yield of the
variety is 40 to 50 tonnes per hectare. The variety has been cultivated in over 1000
hectares of land this season.
2. Nutrition of the carrot

The biofortified carrot has been developed through selection method. It has 277.75
mg/kg of β-Carotene and 276.7 mg/kg of iron.
3. Validation Trials
The validation trials of the carrot was conducted by National Innovation Foundation that
operates under Department of Science and Technology
4. Padma Shri
The farmer scientist was awarded with Padma Shri in 2019 for his contribution in the
field of agriculture and in specific to carrots.
5. History
The farmer scientist found that a local carrot variety used as fodder improved milk
quality greatly. He started growing the carrot in large scale. In 1985, he began selling
the carrots on a large scale.
102. PM Modi holds meeting regarding Extension of lockdown
On April 8, 2020, the Prime Minister Narendra Modi held a video conference with political
leaders discussing the extension of lock down. Prime Minister has indicated that most of
the suggestions he received was to extend the lock down.
1. Highlights
The GoI is trying on possible options to contain the spread of the virus. Following this
meet with the political leaders, PM is to hold a video conferencing with the Chief
Ministers of the states as well on April 11, 2020 to make the right decision over
extending the lock down. The GoI is working on pros and cons of extending lock down till
April 30, 2020.
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2. States
The states such as Telangana, Rajasthan, Assam and KArnataks have already raised
concerns upon lifting the lock down. Around 15 districts in UP have been completely
isolated as they were identified as hotspots.
April 9, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
103. nCoVSENSE Module: Funded by DST to develop Rapid Test of

COVID-19
The Department of Science and Technology has funded a health care start up called the
“Module Innovations” in order to develop COVID-19 testing kit. The purpose of the kit is
to make the testing quicker within 10 to 15 minutes.
1. Highlights
The start up is to use the funding for its current project of rapid testing. The device will
test for antibodies that are generated against COVID-19 in human body.
2. Benefits
The kit shall be used in airports, hospitals and railway stations. Apart from testing, the
kit will also provide the stage of infection in the patients.
104. United Nations predict India’s GDP at 4.8%
On April 9, 2020, the United Nations released a report on Economic and Social Survey of
Asia and Pacific (ESCAP), 2020.
1. Highlights
According to the report, the economic growth rate of India stood at 5% in 2019-20. It has
forecasted that the growth rate is to shrink to 4.8% in 2020-21 and the growth rate
might improve in the year 2021-22. The negative impacts of the virus is to affect Asia
and Pacific greatly as compared to other parts of the world.
2. Global Economy
The report predicts that the global economy is to grow at 2.3% in 2020 and will gradually
pick up in 2021. The global economic growth was 3% in 2019 and was the slowest since
the economic slow-down in 2008.
3. Asia Pacific
The report says that the growth rate in Asia-Pacific is to weaken to 4.3% from 5% in
2019. It had already slowed down from 5.3% in 2018. The slowdown in the region was
led by the major economies namely Russia, China and India.
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4. Effect on Pharmaceuticals
India produces 20% of world drugs. It imports 70% of raw materials t manufacture these
drugs from China. Therefore, the pandemic if prolonging will affect these supply chains
greatly.
105. TRIFED launches Digital Communication Strategy in collaboration

with UNICEF
The Tribal Cooperative Marketing Development Federation of India in collaboration with

UNICEF has launched Digital Communication Strategy for the Tribal Gatherers to work
safely. The programme highlights the importance of social distancing.
1. Features
A Webinar is to be conducted on April 9, 2020. Around 18,000 participants are expected
to participate in the programme and 1,205 Van Dhan Vikas Kendras are sanctioned.
These Kendras are spread across 27 states and involve around 18,705 Van Dhan Self
Help Groups.

Initially, 15,000 of the Self-Help Groups are to promoted as Van Dhan Social Distancing
Awareness cum Livelihood Centres. These Centres will educate the communities about
social distancing, personal hygiene and also about adopting cashless practices.
3. Support from UNICEF

The UNICEF is to support TRIFED in etching Digital Multimedia Content, creating social
media campaigns, Vanya Radio and webinars.
4. Background
In order to gather such a huge number of tribal population, the TRIFED team used
several initiatives such as “Tech for Tribals” and others.
106. “iGOT”-An Online Training Portal launched on DIKSHA platform of

MHRD
The Government of India has launched an online training module called “iGOT” portal.
iGOT is Integrated Government Online Training portal. It has been launched on DIKSHA
platform of Ministry of Human Resources Development.
1. Highlights
The main aim of the portal is to increase the capacity building of the frontline workers.
The workers are engaged in COVID-19 relief works. India is currently in need of larger
force to handle exponential increase in the positive cases of COVID-19.
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2. About the Portal
The portal will look after the training needs of the frontline workers. These workers
include nurses, paramedics, hygiene worker, technicians, doctors, midwives. The training
is to be provided on clinical management, basics of COVID-19, ICU care and
management, quarantine and isolation, etc.
3. DIKSHA Platform
The DIKSHA platform was launched by the Ministry of Human Resources and
Development in September 2017. The aim of the portal was to provide a digital platform
for the teachers to make their lifestyle digital. The platform helps teachers to learn and
train themselves. It will also record their accomplishments in educational institutes.
107. Supreme Court rules private labs to make COVID-19 tests free of
cost
On April 8, 2020, the Supreme Court of India ordered the private labs to make COVID-19
testing in private labs free of cost. The GoI had earlier allowed the private labs to test
COVID-19 after being approved by ICMR. The prices of the test were capped at Rs 4,500.
1. Ruling of the SC
The Supreme Court hearings are currently being conducted through video conferencing.
The Supreme Court bench has ruled that the tests must be conducted through labs that
are certified by National Accreditation Board for testing and calibration Laboratories
(NABL), WHO (World Health Organization) and ICMR (Indian Council of Medical
Research).
2. Need for private labs

There are currently 118 government labs in the country that are performing 15,000
tests. The testing in India has to be increased. In order to do so, more private labs should
be roped in.
3. SC recommends using CSR funds

The Supreme court recommended to divert CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) funds
towards the testing centres to reimburse the labs. By this, the tests can be made free in
private labs as well.
4. Concerns raised by the Supreme Court

The Supreme Court has ordered the GoI to provide adequate security to the health care
workers. Actions should be taken against people impeding the works of doctors and
other medical staffs.
108. RBI: CPI Inflation to ease from 4.8% to 4.4% in Q2
On April 9, 2020, the Reserve Bank of India projected that the consumer Price Index is to
ease from 4.8% in Q1 to 4.4% in Q2 of the financial year 2020-21.
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1. Highlights
The estimated easing of CPI implies that the aggregate demand will weaken further. RBI
had reduced repo rate and cash reserve ratios during the Monetary Policy Review held in
March.
2. Inflation
Currently, RBI is following target inflation rate in the country. The inflation target has
been set at 4% with +2% and -2% as target bands on either sides. This means that RBI
will try to maintain the inflation rate between 2% and 6%.
3. Consumer Price Index

The Consumer Price Index is weighted average of prices of consumer goods and services
such as food, transportation and medical care. It is calculated by taking price changes of
every item in the basket and averaging them.
109. GoI allows NGOs to directly buy food grains from NGOs
On April 8, 2020, the Government of India allowed the Non-Governmental Organizations

that are involved in providing food to the needy during the COVID-19 outbreak to get
food grains from FCI (Food Corporation of India) directly.
1. Highlights
The NGOs can purchase food grains from FCIs at prices the state governments buy from
the FCIs. Currently, FCI sells rice at Rs 2,250 per quintal and wheat at Rs 2,315 per
quintal in the open market. The NGOs can now purchase one to 10 tonnes of food grains
from 2,000 godowns.
2. FCI’s measures to the millers

The FCI has also opened its depots to the millers. This is being done through state
governments. Also, the Open Market Sale Scheme through which the millers obtain food
grains has been extended. This is to help the flour millers that are facing closures due to
lock down.
110. GoI: 2200 Essential Kits created by “Kendriya Bhandar” distributed

to the BPL
On April 8, 2020, the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances distributed the essential
kits to the needy families. The kits were produced by the Kendriya Bhandar.
1. What is the Essential Kit?

The Essential Kit consisted of 3 kgs of rice, 3 kgs of wheat, 2 kgs of dal, 1 litre of cooking
oil, poha, salt, bathing soap, biscuits and detergent soap bars. The kits were prepared by
the Kendriya Bhandar.
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2. Kendriya Bhandar
Kendriya Bhandar is the Central Government Employees Consumer Cooperative Society
that was set up in 1963. It operates under Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and
Pensions of India. The organization was registered as the multi state consumer
cooperative society in September 2000.
111. Indian Railways: 2,500 doctors, Isolation wards, time tabled parcel
trains
The Indian Railways is launching several initiatives and is on the forefront in the fight
against the COVID-19.
1. Timetabled Parcel Trains

The time tabled parcel trains have been launched by the Indian Railways to transport
essential commodities and goods. The Railways intends to boost the supply chain all
over the country during lock down. These trains have been planned based on the
demand of the customers. The trains are to connect Bengaluru, Delhi, Chennai, Mumbai,
Hyderabad and Kolkata. Also, Guwahati in the North Eastern Region has been included
to ensure supply to the North East. Around 90 routes have been notified and 109 trains
are to be run.
2. Doctors
The Indian Railways has recruited 2,500 temporary doctors and 35,000 paramedic staffs.
Around 5,000 beds have been identified for treatment in railway hospitals all over India.
3. Isolation Facilities
Apart from converting its coaches into hospital beds, the Indian Railways has also
launched isolation wards. Around 3,250 coaches have been converted into isolation
wards so far.
112. GoI sanctions Rs 15,000 crores for its COVID-19 Package
On April 9, 2020, the Government of India sanctioned Rs 15,000 crore that was earlier
announced for the Emergency Response and Health System Preparedness package. The
main objective of the package is to contain the spread of COVID-19.
1. Highlights
The funds sanctioned are to be used in establishing dedicated treatment facilities of
COVID-19, build national and state health systems, bio-security preparedness, support
and prevent future disease outbreaks.
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2. Division of the funds
The Funds are to be completely handled by the Ministry of Health and Family welfare.
The ministry will split the funds among its exclusive divisions that have been deployed in
combating COVID-19. The funds are to be split among National Health Mission, ICMR
(Indian Council of Medical Research), Indian Railways, National Centre for Disease
Control.
113. Revised Version of Swachhata Application launched to fight COVID-

19
On April 9, 2020, the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs launched a revised version of
Swachhata application. The application was launched at a video conferencing held with
states and union territories.
1. Why Swachhta Application?

The Application has more than 1.7 crore urban users all over the country, Therefore, the
reach is faster. It has separate grievance redressal tool to address complaints of Swachh
Bharat Mission.
2. About the Modified Version

The modified version of the application has new categories added to it. They are request
for sanitation during COVID-19, reporting suspected cases, reporting violation of
quarantine and lock down, requesting medicine during COVID-19, requesting food,
shelter and request of waste pick up.
114. GoI to provide “Mass Manufacturing Ready” hardware and software

for free
On April 9, 2020, the CSIR (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research) tied up with
Bharat Electronics Limited to develop mass manufacturing technologies (hardware and
software). The technologies are to focus on production of medical devices. These
technologies after creation are to be transferred to companies free of cost.
1. Recent Innovations
On the lines of mass manufacturing, the tie up has helped mitigate COVID-19 through its
two recent innovations. They are Digital IR Thermometers and Oxygen Enrichment Unit.
2. Digital IR Thermometer
The Digital Infra-Red Thermometer developed is now available as open source. The
design of the thermometer, its mass manufacturing ready software and hardware have
been made available for free all over India
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3. Oxygen Enrichment Units
The critical need of COVID-19 patients are their oxygen requirements as their lungs are
compromised. The Tie-up has developed oxygen enrichment units that will increase the
concentration of oxygen in the air to 38% to 40%. The technologies use to build these
units are also available for free for the manufacturers to launch mass production.
115. April 9: CRPF Valour Day
Every year, April 9 is being marked as CRPF Valour Day all over India. The day is also
called “CRPF Shaurya Diwas”.
1. Why Valour Day?

A small contingent of the CRPF on April 9, 1965 fought against Pakistan in Rann of Kutch
eliminating 34 Pakistan soldiers. This was the first time a full-fledged infantry brigade
fierce fully and successfully fought against the Pakistan army. During this battle, six
CRPF men lost their lives. In order to pay tribute to these brave men, the Valour Day is
being marked every year.
2. Achievements of CRPF
The CRPF personnel guarded India-Pakistan border till 1965 after which the border
security force was created. The CRPF killed all the 5 terrorists who attacked Indian
Parliament in 2001. Currently, the counter insurgency operations in India are being
undertaken by CRPF personnel. In 2008, a CRPF wing called Commando Batallion for
Resolute Action was created to counter Naxalite movement in the country.
3. International Missions
The CRPF were deployed in Sri Lanka for peace keeping actions. They have been
deployed in Maldives, Somalia, Namibia, Haiti as a part of UN Peace keeping mission.
Under Haiti Mission, they helped to contain political stability in the country. A fully
formed Female Police Unit was deployed under Liberia Mission in 2007.
116. Smart City Mission: Mass Disinfection of public places by GoI
The Government of India has undertaken a mass programme to disinfect cities under the
Smart Cities Mission. Under this programme, the public places such as markets, streets,
parks, playgrounds and shopping precincts are being disinfected under smart city
programme
1. Highlights
The Covid-19 virus gets inactivated easily with chemical disinfectants. The public places
are being sanitized since the lock down that was announced on March 25, 2020.
2. Smart Steps under Smart City Programme

The smart city governments have collaborated with fire departments. The fire tenders
and water wash pumps are being used to sanitize the streets. This is done by spraying
disinfectants in the streets.
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117. Saudi-led Coalition calls Ceasefire in Yemen
On April 9, 2020, the Saudi Arabia led coalition declares cease fire in Yemen. The cease
fire has been declared for a two-week period.
1. Yemen War
Yemen was devastated by a conflict that began in 2015. The Houthis that are backed by
the Iran military took much of the control in west of the country. The coup led by the
Houthis forced President Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi to flee abroad. The rise of the group
alarmed Saudi Arabia and eight other Arab states to lead a military campaign restoring
Hadi’s Government.
2. The Saudi-led Coalition

The Intervention of the Coalition in Yemen is said to be in compliance with Article 2 of
the United Nations Charter. The Coalition intervened Yemen in the code name
“Operation Decisive Storm”.
April 10, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
118. “Operation Shield” launched by the Delhi State Government
On April 9, 2020, the Delhi Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal announced Operation Shield in
the containment zones of National Capital Region. SHIELD stands for Sealing, Home
quarantine, isolation and tracing, essential supply, local sanitation and door-to-door
checks.
1. Key Features
The Operation is to be implemented in 21 containment zones of the capital. The
operation is to be implemented in the following ways
2. Other initiatives
The Delhi Government had also launched 5T plan that is being implemented all over
Delhi. The 5Ts include Testing, tracing, Treatment, teamwork and tracking.
April 11, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
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119. TRIFED offers marketing support to Masks under Van Dhan Scheme
The Tribal Cooperative Marketing Development Federation of India (TRIFED) that

operates under Ministry of Tribal Affairs is now providing marketing support to NGOs and
Van Dhan beneficiaries. The support is being offered to handicrafts, handlooms and
natural products.
1. Highlights
The Van Dhan beneficiaries have begun to create masks at home. This helps themselves
and the community members as well. TRIFED has now used these masks as models to
create livelihoods in other parts of tribalhoods.
2. Other initiatives on masks

The GoI has issued manual for preparing cloth masks at homes. Apart from GoI , several
coporates are also into mask making. The Dhaaga initiative of TATA Power has so far
manufactured and supplied 1.2 lakh masks in the states of Maharashtra and Jharkhand.
This is the biggest mask distribution of any corporate in India. Also, several state
governments are distributing masks for free of cost. They are being delivered at door
steps. The Government has also banned exports of masks along with Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE) and ventilators.
120. Fishing and Aquaculture exempted from Lock Down
On April 11, 2020, the Ministry of Home Affairs, exempted fishing and aquaculture
industries from Lock Down. Earlier, the agricultural activities were exempted.
1. Highlights
The operations such as harvesting, packaging, processing, cold chain, hatcheries,
commercial aquaria, movement of shrimp have been exempted from lock down.
However, these industries have been directed to follow hygiene practices and social
distancing as noted in the earlier orders of Home Ministry.
2. Fishing Industry
It is important to exclude fishing industry from the lock down as there are more than 14
million people involved in the industry. Also, the economic benefits from the industry is
an important source of revenue for the Indian Government. The Government of India has
adopted 370 km of Exclusive Economic Zone in the Indian Ocean to facilitate economic
activities in the fishing and aquaculture industries.
121. ICMR approves Plasma Therapy Treatment
The Indian Council of Medical Research has recently approved plasma therapy as
potential treatment for COVID-19. However, the protocol to conduct the therapy is yet to
be finalized.
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1. Plasma Therapy
The Plasma Therapy is used to treat viral infections. The antibodies of person recovered
from the virus are transfused into persons that are critically-ill in order to boost their
immune system. The therapy was earlier used to treat Ebola outbreak.
2. Significance
When a person gets infected, it takes 5 to 7 days for the antibodies to get segregated.
However, in case of patients that are critically ill, by the time the anti-bodies start
segregating, they will become sicker.
3. Background
The plasma therapy has been used to treat 10 patients in Wuhan, China. It has also been
adopted by the US.
4. Current Scenario
The ICMR has so far tested 1,30,000 samples in India. Of these, 5,734 have tested
positive. The data is as of April 10, 2020. The rate of positive cases in India is in the
range between 3% and 5%.
122. ADB assures 2.2 billion USD loan to India
India had earlier approached Asian Development Bank and Asian Infrastructure
Investment Bank for loans to fight against COVID-19. With India’s request, the ADB has
assured a loan of 2.2 billion USD.
1. Highlights
The funds are to be used to help alleviate poverty, and also address economic impacts
on micro, medium and small size enterprises. GoI is to use these funds for emergency
assistance, budget support and policy-based loans.
2. About ADB
The Asian Development Bank was begun in 1966. However, India began to gain
assistance from the bank only in 1986. Japan is the largest share holder of ADB followed
by USA, China and India. India holds a share of 5.81% in the bank. The bank was
established for social integration and regional integration. 80% of the investments from
the bank are towards public sector.
123. G20: Video Conference of Energy Ministers
On April 10, 2020, the G20 Energy ministers held virtual meeting on ways to ensure
stable energy markets. The energy markets are greatly affected by demand reduction
due to the ongoing COVID-19 crisis.
1. Highlights
India’s Energy Minister Shri Dharmendra Pradhan represented the country. The following
were iterated by the minister at the meet
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2. India’s plan to fill petroleum reserves
India has signed pacts with Saudi Arabia’s ARAMCO and ADNOC to fill up its petroleum
reserves. Also, several refineries are currently operating at 50% to 60% of their capacity.
There are three strategic petroleum reserves in India. They are at Vizag (1.3 million
tonnes), PAdur (2.5 million tonnes) and Mangalore (1.5 million tonnes).
April 12, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
124. “Global Indian Physician COVID-19 Collaborative” by doctors of

Indian Origin
The doctors of Indian origin spread all over the world have come together under an
initiative called “Global Indian Physician COVID-19”. The initiative aims to foster cross
system learning.
1. Highlights
The initiative will work on early warning algorithm, vaccination, antiviral therapy and
plasma therapy of COVID-19. Several leading associations of doctors all over the world
namely Global Association of Physicians of Indian Origin, British Association of Physicians
of Indian Origin, American Association of Physicians of Indian Origin and Canadian
Association of Physicians of Indian Heritage are a part of the collaboration.
2. Significance
The initiative will help doctors learn about successful drugs being used by doctors
spread all over the world. The pros and cons of using drugs that have been
recommended so far such as remdesivir, lopinavir, gilead, hydroxychloroquine, etc will
be shared.
125. April 12: International Day of Human Space Flight
Every year, International Day of Human Space Flight is observed on April 12. The day
commemorates the anniversary of Yuri Gagarin’s historic spaceflight in 1961
1. Background
The United Nations General Assembly passed a resolution in April 2011 to observe
International Day of human Space Flight on April 12. It aims to reaffirm the contribution
of space in achieving SDGs.
2. Why April 12?

In 1957, the first human made earth satellite Sputnik I was launched into outer space.
On April 12, 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first man to orbit the earth successfully. This
opened human endeavor to outer space.
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3. UNOOSA
The United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs is the office that promotes international
cooperation for peaceful uses in outer space. The events of United Nations to celebrate
the day are organized by UNOOSA. UNOOSA aims to promote international cooperation
of outer space.
4. Other observances
The day is celebrated as Cosmonautics Day in Soviet Union. The United States since
2001 is celebrating the day as “World Space Party”.
126. Wormivet: Herbal Medication developed by NIF to treat worms
The National Innovation foundation India has developed an indigenous herbal medicine
called Wormivet. It is an alternative to chemical methods that are currently being used
to treat worms.
1. Highlights
The Wormivet is used to treat endoparasite worms in livestock. A patent has been filed
on the invention. The patent has been given in the name of Grassroots knowledge.
2. Significance
Internal Parasite in worms leads to loss in body weight, anemia, loss in reproductive
health. It limits growth and productivity. On the other hand, inappropriate use of
chemical dewormers creates resistance.
3. NIF
The National Innovation Foundation operates under Department of Science and
Technology. It works to provide support to grass root innovations. Also, it organizes an
annual competition called IGNITE along with CBSE board.
4. Grass root Innovations

The Intellectual Property Rights of India recognizes grassroot innovations and also
traditional knowledge practices. This is more common in the fields of agriculture,
veterinary science and human health. The Grass root level innovations are inventions
made by common people.
127. DST funds development of Active Virosome Vaccine Production
The Department of Science and Technology operating under Ministry of Science and
Technology is to fund Seagull Biosolutions to develop Active Virosome vaccines and
immunodiagnostic kits for COVID-19. The kits are expected to reach the market by
August 2020.
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1. Virosomes
A Virosome is a drug that consists of unilamellar phospholipid membrane. This
membrane allows the drug to fuse with the target cells. The central cavity of the
virosome consists of proteins, nucleic acids and drugs. The surface of the virosomes are
made of different glycoproteins.
2. Significance of immunodiagnostics
In India, currently Polymerase Chain Reaction based kits are being used. These kits are
rapid and they enable detection of active COVID-19 infection. However, the kits do not
identify asymptomatic infections. This means that the people that were exposed to the
or recovered from or infected with COVID-19 in the past may be left undetected. On the
hand, the immunodiagnostic kits help in detection of antibodies and identify infections
as well.
128. “Bharat Padhe Online Campaign” launched by Ministry of HRD
The Ministry of Human Resources Development has launched a week long campaign
called “Bharat Padhe Online Campaign”. The campaign aims to improve online education
in India.
1. Highlights
The main aim of the campaign is to invite experts in the country to share their
knowledge and solutions in order to overcome the constraints in promoting digital
education. Students and teachers are the main targets of the campaign. Though there
are several other initiatives to promote online education in India, this campaign is
launched to bring in all the experts of different fields to share their knowledge during
lock down.
2. Other e-education initiatives

Swayam is a massive online course that hosts all courses taught from 9th class. Swayam
Prabha is another initiative of GoI that provides educational contents developed by
experts through DTH television channels. National Digital Library consists of more than
6.5 million books and can be accessed for free.
129. 586 dedicated COVID-19 hospitals set up
The Government of India has set up 586 dedicated COVID-19 hospitals. The hospitals
have capacity to accommodate more than 1 lakh isolation beds.
1. Highlights
The GoI has taken preemptive actions to identify COVID-19 hotspots in India. Apart from
isolation beds, around 11,500 ICU beds have also been set up. According to Ministry of
Health, in the absence of containment measures there should have been 41% more
cases by April 15.
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2. Other measures
The Government has also taken several other measures to increase hospital facilities in
the country. More than 20,000 railway coaches were converted into hospital wards. The
working personnel in the health care sector and sanitation sector were provided with
insurance cover of Rs 50 lakhs per health care worker. Also, the wages of MNREGA
workers have been increased to Rs 202 from Rs 182.
130. Double Layered Khadi masks developed by KVIC
The Khadi and Village Industries Commission has developed double layered Khadi
masks. The orders for these masks have been procured in large quantities.
1. Highlights
The demand for double layered khadi masks is increasing. Recently, an order of 7.5 lakh
of these masks were placed with KVIC by Jammu and Kashmir Government alone. These
masks have good demand in the market as they absorb 70% of moisture content inside.
This provides an easy passage for air. Also, the fabric used to make these masks are
hand spun and breathable. Hence these masks are washable, biodegradable and
reusable as well.
2. Way Forward
KVIC is to provide 12 lakh masks after several institutions have placed orders. They also
provide livelihood opportunities to Khadi artisans. The masks are made only from cotton
and wool that are procured from Uttar Pradesh and Haryana.
3. Cotton Cultivation in India

Cotton production in India for the year 2019-20 was 345.5 bales. It was 15% more as
compared to the previous year.
131. COVID-19: What are Red, Orange and Green Zones?
On April 11, 2020, PM Modi interacted with the Chief Ministers of the states through
video conferencing. During the meet, most of them favoured extending the lock down.
1. Highlights
As the lock down comes to an end on April 14, 2020, the GoI has been looking for ways
to act then on. It has now been concluded that India will enter into “smart Lockdown”.
Under the smart lock down, India is to be demarcated into red, orange and green zones.
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2. What are the colour zones?
India is to be demarcated into colour zones based on the outbreak of the virus in the
region. The red zones are regions that were declared as hotspots. Here no economic
activity if to be allowed. The orange zones are regions where limited public transport is
to be allowed. In these regions harvesting of farm products will also be allowed. In the
green zones, along with farm activities, MSME industries will also begin to function.
These industries will provide in-house lodging facilities for employees along with social
distancing facilities.
April 13, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
132. YUKTI Portal launched by Ministry of HRD
The Ministry of Human Resource and Development has launched the YUKTI portal to
monitor initiatives. YUKTI is Young India Combating COVID with Knowledge, Technology
and Innovation. The portal will record, cover and monitor initiatives of Ministry of HRD
and other educational institutes in the country.
1. Highlights
The main aim of the portal is to act as a two-way communication between the
institutions and the ministry. It will act as a platform for the institutions to share their
knowledge about challenges faced in encountering COVID-19.
2. Aim of the portal

The portal will cover initiatives taken by several institutions for the betterment of the
students. It will also provide information for the ministry to monitor activities in the
coming six months. Also, the platform will help in taking research updates to the citizens
in the country.
133. ICMR: More than 40 vaccines under development of COVID-19
The Indian Council of Medical Research on April 12, 2020 announced that there are more
than 40 vaccines that are under trial currently in India.
1. Highlights
India from the beginning had been focusing on preventive and containment measures.
The research and development in the country were also directed towards fulfilling the
exponentially rising shortages such as ventilators, sanitizers, personal protective
equipment, testing kit, etc. A very few researches focused on vaccines and so far there
are 40 researches that are currently under development in the country.
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2. Phases of Vaccine trials
The World Health Organization provides three phases of clinical trials for the vaccines.
They are the clinical studies carried out to test the properties of the vaccine, studies that
provide larger information about vaccine’s ability and the decisive phase if license shall
be granted. The decision is taken based on data presented on the safety and effectivity
of the vaccine.
134. Expert Committee constituted by UGC
On April 12, 2020, the University Grants Commission has constituted an expert
committee to recommend the use of e-resources and enhance online education system
in the country.
1. Highlights
The committee will recommend solutions to gather e-resources in a single platform and
also to enhance online education in the country. This will help students staying home
under lock down.
2. Significance
The GoI has been inviting suggestions and sharing ideas to boost e-learning in the
country. This is being done to help students and teachers spend quality time improving
their knowledge, to monitor research and development on COVID-19 related solutions.
3. Exam Delay
UGC had also constituted an expert committee to assess the exam delays due to the
lock down. The committee constitutes of 7 members and will work on solutions to
counter impact of COVID-19 on semester exams of several universities.
135. National Rural Livelihood Mission: PPEs by Women SHGs
The COVID-19 outbreak has brought in unprecedented health emergency worldwide.

This has created huge demand for PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) and face shields.
In order to fulfil these needs, the Self-Help Groups spread all over India have now
stepped into the production of PPEs and other medical essentials.
1. Highlights
Under National Rural Livelihood Mission, there are more than 690 lakh Self Help Groups
working all over the country. They have now emerged as community warriors delivering
masks, personal protective equipment and affordable sanitizer. The products are being
developed according to the guidelines proposed by WHO. Around 900 SHGs from 9
states are involved in the production.
2. PPE
The SHGs have prepared 5,000 PPE kits so far. This includes aprons, face shields and
gowns.
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3. Sanitizers
The Self-Help Groups are developing the sanitizers using alcohol (72%), glycerin (13%),
distilled water (13%), basil (2%). They are delivered at affordable prices as well (Rs 30
per litre). So far 1.15 lakh litres of sanitizers have been delivered.
136. Supreme Court directions on welfare of Migrant workers
The Ministry of Home Affairs has directed the states and union territories to take welfare
measures for migrants in the country based on directions of Supreme court.
1. Highlights
The central government recently extended the lock down by demarcating the country
into red, orange and green zones based on the intensity of the disease in the region.
However, the migrants are to be kept in camps.
2. Directions of Supreme Court

The apex court had directed to provide adequate medical facilities and arrangement for
food, sanitation and clean drinking water. Also, the court directed that group leaders
belonging to all faiths should visit camps to deal with the consternation faced by the
migrants.
3. Migrant Workers
There are more than 9 million migrant workers in the country. They constitute to 30% of
national population. The Inter-State Migrant Workers Act, 1979 aims to safeguard
migrants in the country.
137. OPEC and Russia approve biggest Oil Cuts
The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and Russia have come
together to cut oil output by 10%. This is being done to control the falling oil prices
amidst lock down all over the world due to COVID-19.
1. Background
The Russian Government earlier refuted to sign the deal when Saudi Arabia initiated
production cuts. Russian petroleum exports were badly hit due to the CAATSA imposed
by Russia. Hence, Russian market began to turn in towards the its own country markets.
Russia in fact began to increase its production since then. Russia had planned to boost
its production to 500,000 bpd to fulfil its own energy demands and also to suffice its
export destinations.
2. Takeaways of India
The big consumer countries such as India, China, Japan and South Korea backed the deal
to boost their reserves. This is because, the current deal on which OPEC members are
supplying oil had come to an end by March 30, 2020. Though the new deal has made the
biggest cuts, it will not cause major changes to price changes as the demand is
unpredictably low.
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3. Role of US
The deal was brokered by the US President and also by G20. The United States had a
major role as it intended to protect its energy sector. The US shale sector was battered
badly due to decline in oil prices.
138. 6,300 Janaushadhi Kendras operating during Lock Down
The Government of India is currently making sure that there are enough medicines
available at Pradhan Mantri Janaushadhi Kendras.
1. Highlights
There are more than 6,300 Pradhan Mantri Janaushadhi Kendras in the country working
to ensure affordable medicines. GoI is making sure affordable medicines are available in
these kendras. The warehouses are to operate 24/7 to deal with the current situation.
2. Pradhan Mantri Jan Aushadhi Kendra

The Pradhan Mantri Jan Aushadhi were set up to provide generic drugs. It was launched
in 2014 with the aim of “Quality Medicines at Affordable prices for all”. These Kendras
will provide equivalent drugs as branded drugs are expensive. These stores also sell
surgical items supplied by BPPI (Bureau of Pharma Public Sector undertakings of India).
139. Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana: Rs 5,000 crores transferred for free
delivery of LPG
The GoI has so far transferred Rs 5,000 crores to Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY).
This has been done to provide free LPG cylinders to PMUY beneficiaries.

The GoI under Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan package had announced free delivery of LPG
cylinders. Under this initiative, free LPG refills were to be provided for a period of three
months to the Ujjwala beneficiaries.
2. Current Scenario
There are 27.87 crore LPG consumers in the country. Of this, the PMUY beneficiaries are
8 crores.
3. PMUY
The Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana was launched in 2016. The scheme was launched to
provide LPG connections to families below poverty line. According to WHO, more than 5
lakh women died in India due to unclean cooking fuel. Hence, the scheme will help in
improving the health conditions of women, reduce the cooking time and effort.
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140. Initiatives to prevent disruption of farming activity during lockdown
The Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer Welfare has launched several initiatives to
promote farming during lock down.
1. Highlights
The Ministry had allowed imports of more than 1.25 lakh metric tonnes of chemicals
used in farming. The Agricultural and Processed Food products Export Development
Authority (APEDA) focused specially on the transport of major exports in the country
such as meat, diary, poultry and other organic products. Also, APEDA helped in resolving
packaging units and curfew passes.
2. What are the initiatives?

 The Certificate of Registration to indigenous manufacturing, raw materials for industrial units
involved in chemicals (used in agriculture) were provided through Virtual Private Network
(VPN).
 The National Conference on Kharif Crops-2020 is to be conducted through video conference
on April 16, 2020.
 The Indian Railways introduced 67 new routes for parcel services. These routes are to be
used to supply essential commodities such as agricultural inputs, horticultural produce and
dairy products.
141. 101st anniversary of Jallianwala Bagh Massacre marked
The Government of India marked the anniversary of Jallianwala Bagh Massacre on April
13, 2020. The martyrs killed on the day mercilessly are remembered. PM Modi and other
leaders paid tribute to such great martyrs
1. Jallianwala Bagh Massacre

On April 13, 2020, (Baisakhi Day), at Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar, a peaceful meeting
was held by 150,000 to 200,000 people. General Dyer ordered to open fire at the crowd
that killed thousands. The people gathered at the park to protest against Rowlatt Act
silently.
2. Rowlatt Act
The act empowered the British Government to imprison any person under suspicion of
terror for a maximum of 2 years. A panel was set up for speedy trials with 3 high court
judges. There were no court of appeal above the panel. The act also placed severe
restrictions on press.
142. What is Helicopter Money being suggested by World Experts?
With the increasing economic crisis, Helicopter Money is a solution being suggested by
economic specialists all over the world.
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1. What is Helicopter Money?
Helicopter Money was the term framed by an American Economist Milton Friedman.
Helicopter Money is the monetary policy tool used for Quantitative Easing. It aims to
dump money into a struggling economy.
2. Helicopter Money in Indian Economy

In India, Telangana Chief Minister K Chandrashekar Rao has suggested the concept for
the state governments to revive economic growth. He asked the RBI to release 5% of
GDP as Helicopter money.
143. CollabCAD launched in Atal Tinkering Labs
On April 13, 2020, the NITI Aayog, Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) and National Informatics
Centre jointly launched CollabCAD initiative. The initiative aims to provide a platform to
find solutions in terms of 2D drafting and 3D product design.
1. Highlights
The initiative aims to provide platform for the students of Atal Tinkering Labs to create
and modify 3D designs. This will enable creativity and imaginations.
2. Significance
The collaboration of AIM with the initiative will act as a great platform for children to
improve their innovative ideas.
3. What is CollabCAD?
The CollabCAD is a software that is highly relevant to school students. It helps to
materialize their creativity and ideas.
Apart from CollabCAD, a game development module was also launched by AIM in
partnership with DELL Technologies. Through the platform, children can create their own
games. This will help to increase their software knowledge while staying home.
144. Indo-US IUSSTF to address COVID-19 challenges
The IUSSTF, Indo-US Science and Technology Forum has invited proposals from Indian
and American scientists. The proposals will demonstrate value and benefits of Indo-US
partnership in COVID-19 research.
1. Highlights
The global partnerships and collaborations are bringing together scientists and
engineers from different parts of the world to find solutions for COVID-19. The IUSSTF is
now encouraging such collaborations to catalyze both India and United States.
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2. IUSSTF
The IUSSTF was established in March 2000. It was established under an agreement
between India and USA. It is an autonomous organization that is jointly funded by both
the governments. It promotes interaction between the governments in the field of
science, engineering, innovation and technology.
3. Objectives of IUSSTF
The IUSSTF aims to create awareness through exchange programmes. It also encourages
public-private partnerships to foster innovation.
4. Nodal partners
The Department of Science and Technology is the nodal agency representing India at the
IUSSTF. From the US, the US department of State is to represent the country.
145. India’s first remote Health Monitoring System set up in Rishikesh
The All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) in Rishikesh along with BHEL (Bharat
Heavy Electronics Limited) has set up India’s first remote health monitoring system. The
system is to be widely used in the state of Uttarakhand to monitor COVID-19 patients
1. Highlights
The remote health monitoring system allows the doctors at AIIMS to monitor body
temperature and oxygen of patients remotely. A website and mobile application were
also built as a part of the system. The patients can use these resources and inform
doctors about their illness sitting at home. The system also provides monitoring kits to
patients when they are suspected of COVID-19.
2. Significance
The kits delivered for home monitoring will issue alerts if the patients need to be
admitted in the hospital. The mobile application launched will also help locate the
regions in the state where the disease is spreading.
146. April 14: World Chagas Disease Day
On April 14, 2020, the world community is to celebrate World Chagas Disease Day for
the first time. The main aim of marking the day is to increase awareness of Chagas
disease. Also, it focuses on the resources needed to prevent, control and eliminate the
disease.
1. Highlights
The Chagas disease is also called “American trypanosomiasis”. The disease has been
termed as silent and silenced disease. This is because, it progresses very slowly and
mainly affects the people under poverty who do not have political voice to access health
care.
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2. About Chagas Disease
The disease mainly affects poor people in Latin America. It is prevalent in USA, Western
Pacific, European and Canada.
3. World Chagas Disease Day

The Day is marked by the World Health Organization and also by several other world
organizations. It was initiated by International Federation of Associations of People
Affected by Chagas disease.
147. NCAER: COVID-19 Lock Down impacts 85% of NCR households
On April 13, 2020, the National Council for Applied Economic Research (NCAER) released
its report on survey conducted in National Capital Region (NCR).
1. Key findings of the survey

According to the survey, 85% of the households in the NCR are heavily impacted due to
COVID-19 outbreak. The survey was conducted through telephonic conversations.
Around 1,750 labourers participated in the survey.
2. Other Highlights
Around 95% of the participants agrees that the disease is highly dangerous. The survey
says that around two-thirds of the households in the capital are affected due to shortage
of medical supplies, fuel, food. Amidst these difficulties, 87% of the participants
supported the extension of lock down.
3. About NCAER
NCAER is a non-profit think tank based in New Delhi. It operates with the funds from
Ministry of Finance, Ford and TATA sons. It was established in 1959.
April 14, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
148. CII Report: “Exit from Lock Down”
The Confederation of Indian Industries recently published its report “Exit from Lock
Down”. Under the report, the confederation suggests slow and staggered approach of
reopening of industrial sectors.
1. Key Highlights of the report

The Report suggests classification of geographies as red, amber and green. This should
be done based on the incidence of COVID-19 cases. The CII prioritises sectors for a
restart based on four indicators as follows
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2. Stages of Exit
The CII strategizes stage wise exit from Lock Down. The Stage I would include 100%
operationalisation of manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, apparels, textiles, minerals, food
processing and metals. The Stage II is opening of e-commerce, agri marketing
operations, chemicals and automobiles after a gap of one or two weeks of stage I. the
Stage III is opening of remaining sectors.
149. E-NAM completes four years of service
On April 14, 2020, the Electronic-National Agricultural Market completed four years of
implementation. It was developed under the concept of “One Nation One Market”.
1. About E-NAM
E-NAM is managed by the Small Farmers Agribusiness Consortium (SFAC). It provides
single service for all APMC (Agricultural Produce Marketing Committee) related activities.
Today there are more than 450 APMCs listed under E-NAM for trade.
2. Functions of E-NAM
E-NAM provides information and trading of commodities. It aggregates quantity of
supplies traded. The platform provides cashless transactions. It offers access to soil
testing and provides elementary amenities for sorting and packing to farmers.
3. Working of E-NAM
A representative of the Government will be appointed for every mandi. His tenure is for
one year and he is responsible for smooth and seamless operation of the portal.
150. Core Strategy Group formed in CSIR
On April 13, 2020, a core strategy group was formed in CSIR (Council of Scientific and
Industrial Research). The group will work towards rapid and economical diagnostics,
digital and molecular surveillance and repurposing of drugs.
1. Concerns
The GoI has not yet displayed list of dedicated hospitals for COVID-19. For now, when a
person is suspicious over his infection or symptoms, he has to contact dedicated call
centres of the central and state health departments.
2. Other Measures
Under National Rural Livelihood Mission, over 78,000 Self Help Groups have so far made
1.96 crores of masks. Apart from this around 39 domestic manufacturers are involved in
production of PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) kits.
3. Scheme wise
Under Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana, free cylinders were delivered. Rs 9,930 has been
disbursed so far under Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana to women account holders.
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151. First Ship load of Crude Oil reaches India
On April 13, 2020, the first crude oil of 1 million barrels from UAE have reached India.
The oil prices have declined by 60% since January, 2020. The prices are expected to rise
with OPEC and Russia have come to terms to cut their production by 10%. Hence, this is
the right time to fill in oil storages.
1. India’s oil reserves

India has an emergency storage of 5.33 million tonnes. This would suffice the oil
demands of the country for 9.5 days. The oil reserves are stored in Mangalore, PAdur
and Vishkhapatnam. The Padur oil storage is the biggest of all the three storages. It can
store 17 million barrels (2.5 million tonnes).
2. Financial requirements
The Government of India had set aside Rs 700 crores for oil alone. It needs Rs 2,000
crore more to buy 15 million barrels.
3. Oil Imports
India imports 83% of its oil. Iraq is India’s largest crude oil supplier meeting one-fourth of
the country’s needs. India imports around 111 million tonnes of oil from Iraq. Following
Iraq, Saudi Arabia is the second largest oil supplier exporting 20.7 million tonnes of oil to
India.
4. India-US
The oil imports from the US has been increasing lately. US is the sixth largest oil supplier
of India. In 2017, India imported 1.9 million tonnes of crude oil from the US. This
increased to 6.2 million tonnes in 2018-19.
152. Curbs on Palm oil imports tightened
On April 13, 2020, India tightened its curbs on imports of palm oil. Under the new
conditions, the authorisation for imports of palm oil should be accompanied with pre-
purchase agreement.
1. Highlights
Apart from the pre-purchase agreement, “certificate of origin” has also been made
mandatory. This certificate is important to prove where the goods come from. The
import licensing of palm oil has been made to 6 months in place of 18 months.
2. India’s Imports
India is the world’s largest importer of vegetable oil and buys around 15 million tonnes
annually. India primarily imports palm oil from Indonesia and Malaysia. Malaysia
produces 19 million tonnes of palm oil a year and Indonesia produce 43 million tonnes of
palm oil a year.
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153. Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana: 32 Crore receive financial
assistance
Under Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana, more than 32 crore have received financial
assistance so far.
1. Highlights
The scheme has benefitted the public in the following ways
2. MNREGA
The package also includes financial assistance to MNREGA workers. It also covers health
insurance to health workers.
154. ICMR: Remdesvir effective in stopping replication mechanism of

COVID-19
On April 13, 2020, the Indian Council of Medical Research announced that the antiviral
drug Remdesvir is highly effective in stopping the replication of COVID-19.
1. Highlights
The research on the efficacy of Remdesvir is a part of WHO’s “Solidarity Trial”. The
efficacy of Remdesvir is not based on clinical trials. However, ICMR is concluding its
efficacy based on studies. According to studies, 68% of patients that were under the
treatment of Remdesvir did not require ventilator or oxygen support after taking the
drug.
2. About the study

The drug was used against Ebola virus. The drug has been found to hinder the
reproduction activity of the COVID-19. The study recently published by the New England
Journal of Medicine also says that 2 out of every 3 patients showed signs of improvement
on using the Remdesvir drug.
155. Siachen Day Commemorated
On April 13, 2020, the Indian Army commemorated Siachen Day. The day is observed to
commemorate the courage of Indian Army under “Operation Meghdoot”. The Day also
honours Siachen Warriors serving motherland successfully from the enemy.
1. Highlights
Every year, the Indian army commemorates by displaying the courage of Indian Army
troops that are securing the coldest and highest battlefield in the world.
2. Operation Meghdoot
The Operation Meghdoot was launched on April 13, 1984. Under the operation, the
Indian troops successfully gained control of entire Siachen glacier. The Operation was
led by Lieutenant General Prem Nath Hoon.
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3. Background
The Karachi Agreement that was signed in July 1949 did not specify who had authority
over Siachen Glacier. In 1970s and 1980s, the Pakistan Government gave permission to
mountaineering expeditions. India made its first air landing on the glacier in 1978.
156. US approves missile sales to India
On April 14, 2020, the United States approved missiles sales to India. They are the
Torpedoes lightweight missiles and Harpoon air-launched missiles. The missiles are
being sold at 155 million USD
1. Highlights
The cost of Harpoon missiles is 92 million USD and that of Torpedoes is 63 million USD.
The missiles will help India to improve its capability against threats from enemy weapon
system. The lightweight Torpedoes will be used to in anti-submarine warfare missions.
2. US benefits
According to the US, the missiles will help the United States to strengthen one of its
major defence partner. Also, it will help in bringing peace, political stability and
economic progress in the Indo-Pacific region.
3. Indian Benefits
India will use the missiles strengthen its homeland defences. Also, these missiles are
completely compatible with India’s p-81 aircrafts and therefore, there are no difficulties
for India to absorb these systems in its armed forces.
157. World Bank: India is expected to grow at 1.5% to 2.8%
On April 13, 2020, the World Bank released its report “South Asia Economic Focus”.
According to the report, the Indian Economy is expected to grow at 1.5% to 2.8%.
1. Key Highlights of the report

The report says that India’s growth rate is to be the lowest since its balance of payment
crisis in 1991. Earlier, the bank projected India’s growth rate as 6.1%. However, in the
coming years the growth rate is expected to be 4% to 5%.
2. Migrants
According to the report, there are 120 million migrants in the country. The top three
districts that are sending the work forces of the country are west Tripura, West Imphal
and Solapur of Maharashtra.
3. Growth Predictions
The Moody’s had earlier predicted India’s growth to be around 2.5%. The Fitch rating
fixed India’s Growth rate at 2%. The Asian Development Bank had projected India’s
growth rate to be 4%.
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4. Suggestions
The World Bank suggests to focus on providing food to every citizen of the country. Also,
it recommends temporary job programmes. The World Bank also recommends India to
make suitable measures to prevent bankruptcies especially in small and medium
enterprises.
158. GoI: 20 Control rooms set up to address wage-related issues
The Ministry of Labour has set up 20 control rooms to address wage related issues. They
can be accessed by the workers through phone numbers, emails and WhatsApp.
1. Highlights
The Ministry of Labour has set up helpline for workers mainly to address the grievances
of migrant workers. Also, the workers can register their complaints through emails and
WhatsApp.
2. Features
The control rooms will act as call centres. They are to be monitored by Labour
Enforcement Officers, Regional Labour Commissioners, Assistant Labour Commissioners
and Deputy Chief Labour Commissioners. The centres have been set up in different cities
namely Ajmer, Ahmedabad, Asanol, Bhubaneshwar, Chandigarh, Chennai, Dehradun,
Cochin, Delhi, Guwahati, Dhanbad, Hyderabad, Kanpur, Jabalpur, Kolkata, Nagpur,
Mumbai, Raipur and Patna.
3. Significance
The control rooms will help the migrant workers as they are badly affected due to Lock
down. The number of migrant workers in the country according to the International
Labour Organization is 40 crore.
159. PM Modi launches “Saptapadi” to fight against COVID-19
On April 14, 2020, Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched “Saptapdi” to fight against
COVID-19. Saptapadi is seven mantras to fight against the virus.
1. Highlights
PM Modi extended the lock down till May 3, 2020. This has been done after demarcating
the country into red, orange and green zones based on the spread of the virus. PM Modi
has launched 7 mantras in order to deal with the spread of virus.
2. Saptapdi
The 7 mantras are as follows
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160. Ambedkar Jayanti celebrated throughout the country
On April 14, 2020, India celebrated the 129th birth anniversary of Bhimarao Ramji
Ambedkar. Amidst the lock down, his birth anniversary is being celebrated digitally by
the whole of India. The Indian Constitution was prepared under the leadership of
Ambedkar.
1. About Ambedkar
Ambedkar was born in Mhow, Madhya Pradesh. It was a small cantonment in Indore
district. The town was later renamed as Dr Ambedkar Nagar in 2003. He was born as
Hindu and later converted into a Buddhist. He was recognised as modern Buddha of his
age.
2. Awards
He has won several awards namely Bodhisattva in 1956, Bharat Ratna in 1990. He was
also awarded The Greatest Indian award in 2012. When the Tri-coloured Indian flag was
created, it was Ambedkar who placed the Ashok Chakra in the middle.
161. Ordinance to allow states to increase work hours of Employees
The Central Government is to pass an ordinance that will allow state governments to
increase the flexibility of work hours of employees.
1. Highlights
The ordinance will address the issue of shortage of labours. It will facilitate the
companies to maintain social distancing. Also, it will enforce code on Occupational
Safety, Working Conditions and Health. The code empowers states to notify work hours.
The workers under the ordinance will work on extended shifts. Currently, the prescribed
working hours of labours according to the act is 8 hours a day.
2. Why the ordinance?

The State Governments cannot amend laws that are under centres’s list. It shall only
work on state and concurrent list. Thus, the ordinance is being passed to help state
governments set flexible work hours with a prescribed ceiling.
3. Difference between Centre and State Lock Down

The States such as Punjab, Telangana, Odisha, West Bengal and Karnataka extended
their lock down to April 30,2020. On the other hand, the centre has extended the lock
down till May 3, 2020.
April 15, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
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162. Uttar Pradesh: First State to start Pool Testing
On April 14, 2020, the ICMR (Indian Council of Medical Research) gave permission for the
state of Uttar Pradesh to start pool testing of COVID-19. With this, UP has become the
first state to start pool testing.
1. Highlights
Pool testing is being done in the state to increase the number of testing. With the
number of cases increased to 558, the state expects there could be more cases than the
numbers provided. Hence pool testing has been adopted.
2. Pool Testing
Under Pool Testing, if 10 samples of COVID-19 test negative, then it is an indicator that
all the samples test negative. On the other hand, if the samples tested are not negative,
individual testing will be done. Under pool testing, the samples will be mixed and tested.
3. Significance
The pool testing increases the testing capacity of a state. The method will accelerate the
testing process.
163. Wheat Procurement Season begins amidst COVID-19 crisis
Every year, wheat procurement begins by April first week and mustard procurement by
last week of March. However, this year, due to lock down and COVID-19 crisis, the
procurement process has been delayed by 15 days.
1. Highlights
The Food Corporation of India transported 50,000 metric tonnes of rice and wheat out of
Punjab through special trains. This has been done to allocate space for the wheat to be
procured.
2. Wheat Production 2020-21

Wheat Production is estimated to be at all an all time high of over 106.21 million tonnes.
This is mainly because the acreage in all these major wheat growing states is high. The
three states namely Madhya Pradesh, Punjab and Haryana account to 90% of wheat
production in the country.
164. International Monetary Fund predicts India’s Growth Rate at 1.9%
Following the World that set India’s Growth rate between 1.5% and 2.8%, the
International Monetary Fund has set growth rate of India at 1.9%.
1. Highlights
IMF also says that the India will recover at the growth rate of 7.4% in 2021-22. The world
economy is to revive at 5.8% according to the report. The IMF has predicted that the
countries such as India, China, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines and Vietnam
will alone see increasing growth rate.
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2. Other countries
According to the report, the other major economies of the world are to face decreasing
growth rate. US is to witness a declining growth rate of 6.1%, France at -7.2%, UK at -
6.5%, Germany at -7%, Italy at -9.1%. The negative growth rates have directly projects
the intensity of spread of COVID-19 virus.
165. “COVSACK” developed by DRDO to combat COVID-19
The Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO) has developed COVSACK
to receive samples from COVID-19 infected patients. The COVSACK is COVID-19 Sample
Collection Kiosk.
1. Highlights
The COVSACK was developed by consulting doctors in Employees State Insurance
Corporation (ESIC).
2. About COVSACK
A patient walks into the Kiosk cabin and a health care professional from outside the
cabin collects samples with oral swabs. After the patient leaves the cabin, four nozzle
sprayers spray disinfectants mist for around 70 seconds. Further, the cabin is flushed
with water and UV light.
3. Benefits
The system is ready in less than 2 minutes for the next use. The cost of COVSACK is
around Rs 1 lakh. There is no involvement of manual disinfection in the entire process.
Therefore, the system is safe to use.
166. India plans on ayurvedic Trials for COVID-19; Task Force

Constituted
Several states in India such as Kerala, Goa and Haryana have started to use ayurvedic
medicines to save asymptomatic patients. In order to achieve this, the Ayush Ministry
has sought suggestions from homeopathy and Ayurvedic practitioners in the country.
1. Highlights
The experts that were sought for suggestions have submitted more than 2000 proposals.
A task force has been formed for scientific validation of ayurvedic and traditional
medicine formula to shortlist the protocol. The Task force consists of members from
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Department of Biotechnology (DBT).
2. Current Scenario
Currently, the Hydroxychloroquine drug is being used as a preventive measure for
asymptomatic patients. The drug has several side effects.
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167. India to host Asian Boxing Championship
The National Sports Federation of India recently announced that it is host the Asian
Boxing Championship by November-December 2020. The federation is positive about the
virus to be wiped out by then.
1. Highlights
The host city of the competition is to be finalised after things normalize. The host city is
to be decided by the Boxing Federation of India.
2. About the competition

The competition is a biennial event but was held in consecutive years in the past. Apart
from this, the Olympic qualification programme is also likely to begin around November-
December by the International Olympic Committee.
3. Boxing and India

India hosted men’s Asia boxing championship in Mumbai in 1980. It hosted the women’s
event in Hisar in 2003. Around five men and four women have been qualified for Tokyo
Olympics from India so far.
4. Boxing Federation of India

BFI is the governing body for Olympic boxing in India. It represents India at the
International Boxing Association.
168. Home Ministry issues Guidelines for Lock Down 2.0
On April 15, 2020, the Ministry of Home Affairs launched revised guidelines for lock down
2.0. The second lock down, also called the smart lock down aims to consolidate the gains
achieved by the first lock down. It is to be extended till May 3, 2020
1. Highlights
Under the smart lock down the public transport services, cinema halls, shopping
complexes, educational institutions are all to remain closed. However, selected industrial
activities especially those that are essential to maintain essential services are to be
allowed to be functional from April 20.
2. Spitting is Offensive
The guidelines make the use of face masks at work places compulsory. Also, health care
measures such as fines for spitting, provisions of sanitizers and thermal screening have
been made compulsory.
3. SEZs
The industrial establishments operating in Special Economic Zones and Industrial Estates
have been permitted. Coal mining and oil production are permitted.
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169. All India Agri Transport Call Centre Numbers launched
On April 15, 2020, the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer Welfare launched All India Agri
Transport Call Centre facility. The facility will avail inter-state movement of perishables.
1. Highlights
The Transport Call Centre will help in coordination between states. The traders, truck
drivers, manufacturers that are facing difficulties in transporting perishables and other
horticultural commodities shall seek help from the call centre. The call centres are to be
operated by IFFCO Kisan Sanchar Limited (IKSL).
2. IKSL
The IKSL has been promoted by the IFFCO (Indian Farmers Fertilizers Cooperative
Limited) along with Bharti Airtel and Star global Resource Limited.
170. History of Pandemics: Justinian Plague, Black Death and Spanish

Flu
The COVID-19 has killed thousands and has indented a bad and deep history of
economic crisis. It has locked down almost every super economic power in the world and
has left permanent damages to developing countries. There were several other
Pandemics in the history that created equal impacts. They are Justinian Plague, Black
Death and Spanish Flu
1. Justinian Plague
The Justinian Plague was the deadliest pandemic that broke in 6th century. It had spread
from Egypt to Constantinople. The disease was named after the emperor Justinian as the
disease hit the region during his reign of Byzantine Empire. The disease killed more than
100 million.
2. Black Death
The Black Death killed more than 200 million. It struck China, Syria, India and Egypt. The
disease arrived in Europe in 1347. The labour demand in Europe rose and wages tripled.
It also led to Peasant Revolt in England in 1381. Jews were blamed for spreading the
illness and were burnt alive in many parts of the country.
3. Spanish Flu
The Spanish Flu broke during the last phase of World War I. It killed more than 50 million
people. It was recorded in Europe and later spread to Asia and America. The disease
weakened German units and was is till considered as one of the reasons for the fall of
Germany in the war.
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171. US stops WHO funding
On April 15, 2020, the United States stopped its funding towards World Health
Organization (WHO). The United States provides 400-500 million USD to the organization
annually.
1. Highlights
The American President Donald Trump was threatening the world organization that the
United States would freeze its funding. The President has now stopped the funding
completely accusing the organization being completely China-centric.
2. Funds of WHO
There are four major kinds of contributions that make up the funds of WHO. It includes
assessed contribution, voluntary contribution, core voluntary contributions and PIP
contributions.
172. North Korea test fires anti-ship missiles
On April 14, 2020, North Korea test fired anti-ship cruise missiles as a part of military
exercises. The missiles were of short range and test fired into the sea.
1. Highlights
The missiles were test fired to celebrate the birth anniversary of Kim II Sung. He was the
grand father of the current North Korean leader Kim Jong Un.
2. About the missile

The missiles were capable of travelling 150 kilometres. According to the South Korean
officials, multiple missiles were test fired. The South Korea also reports that there has
been increase in the air force activities of the country lately. The missiles were fired by
Sukhoi jets.
3. Sukhoi
The Sukhoi are supersonic fighter jets that were invented by the Soviet Union in 1955.
Indian Air Force used the Sukhoi aircrafts extensively during 1971 Pakistan war. These
aircrafts are currently being used by Afghanistan, Czechoslovakia, Algeria, Egypt, Iraq,
India. Poland, Syria and Soviet Union.
173. NITI Aayog: “Arogya Setu” – Fastest App to reach 50 million

downloads
On April 15, 2020 NITI Aayog announced that Arogya Setu became the first mobile
application in the world to reach more than 50 million downloads in short span of time.
1. Highlights
The application was developed by a committee set up by Prime Minister Modi. The
application was used for contact tracing.
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2. Record set
The application reached 50 million downloads in just 19 days. With this, the mobile app
has overtaken the record set by Nintendo’s popular “Pokemon GO” application on
Google Play. 99% of downloads of Arogya Setu were made on Android platform.
3. Other similar initiatives

Singapore Government had launched similar application called Trace Together for
contact tracing. Currently, Google and Apple are collaborating together to launch similar
contact tracing initiatives.
4. Security features
The application secures the data collected from the person using it. The data is stored in
the user device only for 30 days. And also the data on the non-risk users are deleted
within 45 days.
174. “Dekho Apna Desh”: A Webinar launched by Tourism Ministry
On April 14, 2020, the Ministry of Tourism launched “Dekho Apna Desh”. It is a webinar
that caters in-depth information about tourist destinations in the country. It also provides
details about culture and heritage of India.
1. Highlights
The first webinar series is to explain long history of Delhi. It has been titled as “City of
cities-Delhi’s Personal Diary”. The first session was a huge success with more than 5,546
people attending it.
2. The second series

The second webinar series is to start on April 16, 2020. The second series has been
named “Calcutta-A Confluences of Culture”. The series is to discuss how the melting pot
of diversity is to be kept alive.
3. Tourism
The tourism sector is greatly affected by COVID-19. The tourism sector currently
accounts to 10% of global GDP. With the world affected by severe lock down, the tourism
sector has cut down 50 million jobs. It might take 10 months for the tourism sector to
recover.
175. Fit India Active Day Programme launched under Fit India Movement
On April 14, 2020, Government of India launched Fit India Active Day Programme. The
programme was launched under the flagship initiative of GoI called “Fit India”.
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1. Highlights
The Ministry of AYUSH has issued guidelines to implement the Fit India Active Day
Programme. The programme is launched to make sure children practice fitness even
when they stay home. The programme also intends to create immunity against COVID-
19.
2. Fit India Movement

The Fit India Movement was launched to encouraged to make sure the citizens stay
healthy through sports and physical activities. The movement was launched by PM Modi
during National Sports Day, 2019.
3. National Sports Day

The National Sports Day is observed every year on August 29. The day is celebrated to
mark the birth anniversary of the legendary hockey player Dhyan Chand.
176. Training Programme announced by MEA for SAARC Health

Professionals
The Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation Programme (ITEC) on April 14, 2020
announced a training programme for the health care professionals from SAARC
countries.
1. About the Programme

The programme is to be conducted by the Ministry of External Affairs. On March 15,
2020, PM Modi during the video conference with the SAARC leaders suggested for the
health professionals to come together to fight against COVID-19 jointly. He also
proposed creation of SAARC COVID-19 Emergency funds.
2. COVID-19 Emergency Funds

India contributed 10 million USD towards the funds. Pakistan contributed 3 million USD.
Bangladesh, Nepal and Afghanistan have announced to contribute 1.5 million USD each.
Sri Lanka has announced to contribute 5 million USD. Maldives and Bhutan are to
contribute 200,000 USD and 100,000 USD respectively. The accumulated sum of money
in the funds account to 21.8 million USD.
3. ITEC
The ITEC is Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation programme. The programme
was established in 1964. The ITEC is bilateral in nature. However, lately the programme
is being used to help multilateral groupings such as ASEAN, BIMSTEC, WTO, IOR-ARC
(Indian Ocean Rim-Association for Regional Cooperation), CARCICOM (Caribbean
Community).
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April 16, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
177. India attends G20 Finance Ministerial Meeting
On April 15, 2020, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitaraman attended G20 Finance Minister
meet. The Minister shared the policy measures being implemented by the Government
of India and RBI.
1. Action Plan
The outcome of the virtual financial ministerial meet is as follows
2. About the meet

Every year since 1999, the financial minsters of the G20 member countries meet to
discuss major economic issues that is prevailing globally.
3. Financial Stability Board

The Financial Stability Board works towards international financial stability. It seeks to
strengthen financial systems all over the world. The Board takes its decision based on
the reports of IMF and World Bank. There are three Standing committees that operated
under the board. They are
178. India-WHO engages National Polio Surveillance Network for COVID-

19
On April 16, 2020, India joined hands with World Health Organization to implement
National Polio Surveillance Network to contain COVID-19. Along with COVID-19, the team
will also be involved to support elimination of tuberculosis and other diseases.
1. Highlights
With National Polio Surveillance Project, India eliminated polio in 2014. The Ministry of
Health and Family Welfare along with World Health Organization is to now use the
project to control the spread of COVID-19.
2. National Polio Surveillance Project

The Project was launched in 1997. It was collaboration between Indian Government and
WHO. The project aimed to cover 100% of immunization in the country. The project
worked with the help of UNICEF, Rotary international and launched large scale
immunization programme.
179. Spitting an offence: Section 51 of Disaster Management Act
The Ministry of Home Affairs issued guidelines for Lock Down 2.0 that was extended till
May 3, 2020. According to the new guidelines, spitting in the public was made offensive
under National Disaster Management Act.
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1. Highlights
The guidelines also had made wearing masks in public places mandatory. Spitting has
been made punishable under Section 51 of Disaster Management Act. Refusal to abide
by the order shall lead to imprisonment till one year.
2. Section 51
Under the section, a person denying to obey orders passed under the act is punishable.
3. Why Disaster Management Act?

States such as Bihar, Telangana, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Haryana,
Maharashtra, Assam and Nagaland have banned the use of smokeless tobacco products.
Other states have taken no action against spread of COVID-19 through spitting in public
places. With COVID-19 made a “notified disaster”, order passed under the Disaster
management act applies to whole of India
180. GoI allows MGNREGA to begin in rural regions
On April 15, 2020 the Government of India issued guidelines for the extended lock down.
Under the guidelines, the Government allows industrial works, road construction works
and MGNREGA to begin in the rural areas
1. Need
MGNREGA (Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act) is the biggest
source of employment generation in the country. It provides work to more than 50 to 60
million households annually. GoI estimates that there are around 500,000 to 600,000
migrants that have returned to their villages through out the country due to lock down.
Thus, allowing MGNREGA, industrial works and construction activities in rural regions will
help these migrants.
2. Plan
The aim is to help workers of unorganized sector and the migrants. Hence, the
guidelines have classified all the industrial activities falling outside municipal limits as
industrial activities in rural areas. Also, the brick kilns are to be restarted.
3. Funds
The central government had allocated Rs 60,000 crore for MGNREGA for the financial
year 2020-21. The rural road infrastructure programme had received Rs 19,000 crore in
the budget of 2020-21. Apart from these, the Prandhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Ann Yojana
has allocated significant funds towards the welfare of rural and unorganized sector.
181. IPL 2020 suspended by BCCI
On April 15, 2020, Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) has suspended the Indian
Premier League, 2020 indefinitely. The decision was made after the lock down in India
was extended till May 3, 2020.
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1. Highlights
The BCCI had plans to conduct the month long matches in June, 2020. However, due to
the extension of the lock down and also with the increase in spread of the virus, the
matches have for now been suspended indefinitely. No date of postponement has been
announced.
2. BCCI
The BCCI was formed in 1928. It is the national governing body. Apart from IPL, BCCI
also organizes Ranji Trophy, Irani cup, Duleep Trophy, Vijay Hazare Trophy, Deodhar
Trophy, IPL, Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy, Women’s IPL, etc.
3. MS Dhoni Factor
The main catch of IPL, 2020 was the return of the Indian Cricketer M S Dhoni, former
Indian Cricket team captain to the international cricket. He has not played international
matches since 2019 world cup.
182. GoI announces 170 hotspots and 207 non hotspots of COVID-19
On April 15, 2020, the Government of India announced 170 hotspots and 207 non
hotspots in the country.
1. Highlights
The districts were sorted into 3 zones namely hot posts, non-hotspots and green zones.
The sorting was done by the Ministry of Health. The hotspots are also called red zones
and the non-hotspots are called the orange zones.

The Hotspots are to be given the highest priority. Cluster outbreak containment strategy,
large outbreak protocol, delineation of buffer zones, parameter mapping is to be
implemented. The Health Ministry is to present a detailed and well-defined entry and
exit points. Also, special teams are to work in containment zones. House-to-house survey
and contact tracing to focus on people facing influenza and SARS like symptoms is to be
conducted.
183. COVID-19: “Sahyog” Mobile application launched by Survey of India
The Survey of India has launched a mobile application called “Sahyog” to collect
information about COVID-19 specific data sets through community engagement.
1. Highlights
The application will help to increase response activities of the GoI towards the pandemic.
The data collected through the Sahyog application will be used to enhance other
applications such as “Arogya Setu” and the Integrated Geospatial platform.
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2. Benefits
The application will also collect geotagged information about India’s critical
infrastructure. This will help public health agencies to take decisions and frame protocols
in the fight against COVID-19.
3. Relevancy
The application will also provide other relevant information about COVID-19. This
includes containment areas, ICMR testing laboratories, hospitals, quarantine camps. The
data fed into the app by the ASHA and Anganwadi workers will act as a good support
system.
184. Integrated Geospatial Platform to complement Arogya Setu
On April 15, 2020, the Department of Science and Technology launched Integrated
Geospatial Platform to complement Arogya Setu and integrate data from several other
initiatives. The platform will help in planning area-specific strategies to handle socio-
economic impacts of COVID-19. The platform aims to provide map based data about the
COVID-19 affected region in the country.
1. Highlights
The platform will receive data from SAHYOG mobile application that was launched by
survey of India and also from web portal India maps (https://indiamaps.gov.in/soiapp).
The SAHYOG application collects information about data sets through community
engagement. Now along with India maps, the integrated platform will provide geospatial
information and the socio-economic distress and livelihood challenges related to the
region as well.
2. Benefits
The platform will help to strengthen National health emergency programme. It aims to
support socio-economic recovery processes. Also, the platform will act as an information
linkage between human, technological, medical and infrastructural resources.
185. South Korea ruling party wins election
On April 16, 2020, the ruling democratic party of President Moon Jae won the election
taking 180 seats. The opposition United Future Party took 103 seats. There are 300 seats
in the South Korea National Assembly.
1. Pandemic concerns
South Korea was the first country to hold national election among the COVID-19
pandemic. There were 14,000 polling booths set up for elections and at every polling
booth the temperature of the voters was checked before they were allowed to vote.
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2. Voting amidst COVID-19
The people had to use sanitizers and wear plastic gloves and face masks and stand at
least a metre apart to cast their vote. When a person had temperature above 37.5
degree Celsius, he had to vote in a separate booth.
3. Highlights
The turnout of voting in spite of COVID-19 crisis was the highest in the country since
1962. Around 66.2% of the country voted in the elections. There are currently 60,000
people in quarantine due to COVID-19.
186. India to receive 6,50,000 COVID-19 testing kits from China
The first lot of 3 lakh COVID-19 testing kits are to arrive from China on April 16, 2020. In
another 2 weeks India will receive 2 to 3 million kits from China.
1. Highlights
India has diversified its imports of COVID-19 testing kits from France, Germany, Korea
and Israel. Initially, Government of India refused to import kits from China as the kits
were of substandard. Later, the Ministry of external Affairs traced the roots of many of
these suppliers to China.
2. Role of External Affairs

The Ministry of External Affairs has been playing a major role in coordinating with other
governments to acquire medical supplies, personal protective equipment, ventilators,
etc. India will also import 15 million PPE kits from China. It is to be noted that 90% of raw
materials for India APIs (Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients) comes from China
3. Rapid Antibody testing

The rapid antibody testing is quicker than the PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) testing.
It takes 15 to 30 minutes to provide the results. The kit uses a lancet to prick on a
person’s finger and collects blood to examine for antibodies.
187. National Conference on Kharif Crops, 2020 held through video

conference
On April 16, 2020 the Union Agricultural Minister Shri Narendra Singh Tomar chaired the
National Conference on Kharif crops. The conference discussed measures to achieve
doubling of farmers’ income and to achieve Kharif target.
1. Highlights
The conference fixed the target of food grains for the year 2020-21 at 298 million
tonnes. The target was 291 million tonnes for the year 2019-20.
2. Initiatives discussed
The new initiatives to combat COVID-19 were also discussed in the conference. It
included
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188. Safety of Zoom Application red flagged by Home Ministry
On April 16, 2020, the Cyber Coordination Centre (CyCord) operating under Ministry of
Home Affairs red flagged Zoom application. The Home Ministry has issued guidelines to
use the Zoom platform.
1. Highlights
The Home Ministry has red flagged the Zoom application citing Indian Computer
Emergency Response Team (Cert-In). The guidelines have been issued to prevent an
unauthorised entry into the Zoom Conferences and prevent malicious attack on other
users.
2. Guidelines
The Home Ministry has stressed that the government officials should not use the
application for official purposes. The main concern of the officials is that usage of the
application has crossed 200 million since the lock down.
3. Cyber Coordination Centre

The Cycord was launched in 2018. It was launched as a one-stop platform for cyber
related crimes such as finding solutions, experience sharing, research findings, finding
solutions to deal with cybercrimes, etc.
4. What is Zoom Application?

Zoom Application is a web-based video conferencing tool that allows users to meet
through video, voices.
189. Indian Army observes “No Movement”; Special train to ferry

soldiers
On April 16, 2020, the Indian Army chief Lt General Manoj Naravane issued directives to
all the military cantonments, headquarters, establishments to strictly ensure no
movement of forces till April 19, 2020. This is being done to fight COVID-19 during
extended lock down.
1. Highlights
The army headquarters are to function with 50% man power. The training and temporary
duties are to remain suspended till May 3, 2020. Also, sports, social, academic, religious
and cultural gatherings are to remain suspended.
2. Special Train
The Indian Army is to ferry special trains to move soldiers to northern and eastern
borders. This is being done to bring back officers who were on leave. According to army
sources, around 20-25% of army personnel were on leave. The total strength of the
Indian Army is 13 lakhs.
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190. Environmental Impact Assessment amended by Environment
Ministry
The Ministry of Environment has recategorized all the bulk drugs manufacturers under
category ‘A’ to category ‘B2’. An Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification
2006 was amended in order to achieve this.
1. Highlights
The projects that are falling under Category A require mandatory EIA. On the other hand,
the projects under Category B2 are exempted from EIA. The recategorization will fasten
the process. The recategorization has been done to decentralize the proposals to state
level.
2. Environment Impact Assessment

The EIA is a process to evaluate environmental impacts caused due a proposed project.
The EIA is backed by the Environment Protection Act, 1986. There are four stages in EIA
cycle. They are screening, scoping, public hearing and appraisal.
3. Categories-Differences
The Categories A and B have only one difference. The Category A projects require
mandatory environmental clearance and does not undergo screening. On the other
hand, category B projects undergoes screening process.
4. Screening
The Screening process is done to decide whether EIA is required or not. The screening
process submits a report called Initial Environment Examination.
April 17, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
191. Chitra Gene LAMP-N: Diagnostic kit developed by SCTIMST,

Thiruvananthapuram
The Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Science (SCTIMST), an institute of national
importance developed a diagnostic kit. The kit reduces test time by two hours.
1. Why is it better than RT-PCR?

The cost of the kit is Rs 1000. The time taken by the kit to examine the samples is half
as that of the time taken by the RT-PCR tests. Currently, India is using RT-PCR to
examine COVID-19 samples. It takes 5 hours for the test to produce results. Also, the
test costs Rs 4,500.
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2. About the Kit
The kit uses RT-LAMP technique to identify the N gene of the virus. The kit has passed all
validations of National Institute of Virology. The technology used in the kit was earlier
applied to detect tuberculosis bacteria.
3. RT-LAMP
The RT-LAMP is a technique is Reverse Transcriptase Loop Mediated Isothermal
Amplification technique. The technique has begun to replace RT-PCR for its rapidity,
simplicity, sensitivity and specificity.
192. PUSA: Decontamination Tunnel developed by ICAR
The Indian Agricultural Research Institute has developed PUSA decontamination tunnel.
It was inaugurated on April 16, 2020 by the Union Minister Shri Kailash Choudhary.
1. About the Tunnel

The Tunnel includes foot operated water dispenser and soap. The tunnel also provides
fogging for about 20 seconds. Also, it sources Quaternary Ammonium Compounds that
are used at concentration of 0.045%. The concentration amount has been fixed as
recommended by the Health department.
2. Quaternary Ammonium compounds

These are compounds are often used as surfactants, disinfectant, antistatic agents or
fabric softener. They also have antimicrobial activity. They are cationic detergents that
are commonly used to remove organic materials. They are commonly used in food
service industries as sanitizing agents. They are effective till 100 degree Celsius.
3. ICAR
The Indian Council of Agricultural Research coordinates agricultural research and
education. In 2006, the institute developed vaccine for bird flu. Also, the ICAR scientists
were the first to sequence pigeon pea genome.
193. RBI launches OBICUS
On April 16, 2020, the Reserve Bank of India launched OBICUS. This is the 49th round of
survey by the apex bank for the period January to March.
1. Highlights
The Capacity Utilisation declined to 68.6% from 69.1%.
2. What is OBICUS survey?

OBICUS is Order Books, Inventories and Capacity Utilization Survey (OBICUS). The survey
provides an insight into the demands of the Indian manufacturing sector. The survey is
conducted quarterly (4 times a year). It is being conducted since 2008.
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3. Features of the Survey
The survey covers 2,500 companies both in public and private sector. The survey also
provides ratio of total inventories to sales. Also, the survey provides ratio of raw
materials to finished goods. It helps to measure economic activity in the country.
4. Data Collected in the Survey

The data collected in the survey includes quantitative data, pending orders, work in
progress, backlog of orders and finished goods. The data is provided item-wise.
194. Chess Legend Viswanathan Anand named ambassador of WWF India
On April 17, 2020, the Chess legend Viswanathan Anand was named the ambassador of
World Wide Fund India. He has joined the organization for its environment education
programme.
1. Highlights
The environment education programme was started in 1976. It undertakes initiatives to
reach out to youth, school children and citizens in the country. The main aim of the
programme is to create problem solvers, critical thinkers and environmentally conscious
individuals.
2. World Wide Fund

The WWF is an international NGO that was founded in 1961. It is the largest conservation
organization in the world with more than 5 million supporters. The organization has so
far invested 1 billion USD in more than 12,000 conservation initiatives.
3. Viswanathan Anand
He is an Indian Chess Grandmaster. HE has won the world Chess champion multiple
times. He was the first chess grandmaster from India. He won the FIDE World chess
championship continuously between 2000 and 2002 and was the first Asian to achieve
this.
195. GoI: Rapid Antibody Tests to be used strictly for surveillance
On April 16, 2020, the Government of India announced that the Rapid Antibody tests will
strictly be used as surveillance test.
1. Highlights
With 5 lakh rapid antibody kits being imported from China, the government has ensured
its citizens that they will only be used for surveillance purposes. This will help in
formulating protocols for testing. This is being done as antibodies are formed on
persons’ body only after 8 days a person is infected. Therefore, the test will be positive
only in 80% of persons who had been infected.
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India is to continue using DNA based RT-PCR testing to detect COVID-19. This is done by
using throat swabs. According to ICMR (Indian Council of Medical Research), persons
with influenza like symptoms, migrants, patients with runny nose and sore throat should
take the RT-PCR test. When the test is negative, they should go through antibody test
after 7 days.
196. India to attend BRICS meeting on COVID-19
India is to attend BRICS foreign ministers meet by the end of April 2020. The members
will discuss economic fallout due to the spread of COVID-19.
1. Highlights
The foreign ministers meet of the BRICS grouping is to be conducted through video link.
It is essential to conduct more of such meeting as the global economic growth is
declining at its highest. The International Monetary Fund has projected the global growth
rate to be -3% in the year 2020-21.
2. India’s role
The strategy and protocols of Russia, China and South Africa is completely different from
that of the USA. India can act as a bridge at this situation.
3. India and the world

India has been actively participating in several multilateral meetings such as South
Asian, Indo-Pacific, G20 to join with other countries to fight against COVID-19. It has sent
HCQ (Hydroxychloroquine) to over 55 countries. India has been sending medicines to
countries such as UAE, US, Russia, Australia, South Africa and Jordan. Also, India has
been sending grants for medicines for countries such as Uganda, Dominican Republic,
etc.
197. AIIB to finance 500 million USD projects to strengthen National

Health Care Systems
The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank is to finance 500 million USD projects in India
to help the country improve its health care systems. AIIB is currently doubling its funds
under COVID-19 Crisis Recovery Facility.
1. Highlights
The funding is to be used for purchase of equipment and also for detection capacity.
India had earlier approached AIIB and the Asian Development Bank for financial
assistance to combat COVID-19. The Asian Development Bank recently announced to
support India with 2.2 billion USD of funds.
2. Crisis Recovery Facility

The Crisis Recovery Facility was created by AIIB to respond to urgent financial, public
and economic health pressures. The Bank has allocated 10 billion USD for this facility.
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198. RBI cuts Reverse Repo rate to 3.75%, Rs 50,000 crores for LTRO 2.0
On April 17, 2020, the Reserve Bank of India announced a slew of measures after GoI
extended the lock down till May 3, 3030. The Apex bank cut the reverse repo rate to
3.75%. It cut the repo rate to 4.4% from 5.15%. Also, the central bank has announced Rs
50,000 crore for Long Term Repo Operation (LTRO).
1. Highlights
RBI has eased the Liquidity Coverage Ratio from 100% to 80%. The LCR is the assets
held by the banks to make sure its ongoing ability to meet short-term obligations are
fulfilled.
2. LTRO 2.0
This time the LTRO has been named LTRO 2.0 because, this time the LTRO is to focus on
liquidity needs of microfinances and NBFC. Earlier the LTRO went largely to the public
sector undertakings and larger corporations.
199. April 17: World Hemophilia Day
Every year April 17 is celebrated as World Hemophilia Day. The day is observed by the
World Federation of Hemophilia. Apart from the organization, several other international
organizations mark the World Hemophilia Day. This year the World Hemophilia Day is
marked under the theme
1. Highlights
The World Hemophilia Day is observed to increase awareness about the hereditary
bleeding disorders. On this day, people from different parts of the world come together
to share the advances in the treatment for hemophilia.
2. World Federation of Hemophilia

The WFH was acknowledged by WHO and official relations between the two
organizations was established in 1969.
3. What is Hemophilia?
Hemophilia is an inherited bleeding disorder in which blood does not clot properly
200. GoI launches “Krishi Rath” application for hassle free agri
transportation
On April 17, 2020 the Government of India launched the “Krishi Rath” application to help
farmers to transport their agriculture produce to the mandis.
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1. Key Features of the application
The farmer has to post the quantity of agricultural produce he wishes to transport. After
posting, he will get the availability of truck and price quote for the load. The prices
quoted are from the transport aggregators. Once the farmer confirms, he will get details
of the transporter. He can then directly connect with him and negotiate for prices.
2. For Traders
The traders can learn farm produce from the application and can consolidate loads
posted by different farmers. With this he can easily arrange trucks to collect from
multiple farmers. Currently, 5.7 lakh trucks have been listed and more are expected to
join.
3. What was the earlier system?

The Custom Hiring Centres provided tractors to transport agriculture produce at
optimized cost. There were more than 14,000 CHCs that were having more than 20,000
tractors.
4. Benefits of the App

The application will help in delivering timely service. It also offers competitive price. The
rating option of transporters will help in providing quality services.
5. Lock Down
The GoI has currently exempted inter-state movement of agricultural produce from lock
down
201. Two new products to enable COVID-19 disinfection process

introduced by DRDO
The unit has been developed by Centre for Fire Explosive and Environment Safety by
using its expertise in mist technology used to suppress fire. The unit uses water mist
aerator technology to spray sanitizer while entering public places. There are no contacts
between the user and the unit throughout its operation.
1. Working
The unit uses an ultrasonic sensor. An atomizer has been fixed to minimize the release
of sanitizer. The unit will release 5 to 6 ml of sanitizer in 12 seconds.
2. Application
The unit can be installed in malls, hospitals, office buildings, airports, residential
buildings, railway stations, metro stations.
3. UV sanitization box
The box uses Ultra Violet rays to kill the genetic material in virus such as COVID-19. The
UV rays produced in the box is of wavelength 185 nm. This wavelength produces ozone
gas as well. The box is a hand held device. It can be used to disinfect house hold objects,
files, food packets, etc. The exposure time required for an object to get disinfected is 45
seconds.
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202. Delhi Government introduces “Assess Koro Na” application
On April 17, 2020, the Delhi Government launched “Assess Koro Na” application to
conduct door to door survey. The application has been launched in COVID-19
containment zones.
1. Highlights
The mobile application will speed up the decision-making process as it analyzes real-
time data.

The Delhi Government is planning on door to door survey in hotspot regions of the
capital. Around 60 hotspots have been identified so far.
The Delhi Government had earlier launched Operation Shield and 5T programme to
combat COVID-19. Also, Delhi Government has received permission from the Central
Government to implement the plasma therapy to treat COVID-19.
203. Health Minister chairs the 12th Group of Minister meeting on

COVID-19
On April 17, 2020, the Union Health Minister Shri Harsh Vardhan chaired the 12th Group
of Minister meeting on COVID-19. The meeting was attended by External Affairs minister,
home minister for state, shipping and chemical and fertilizer minister for state, member
of NITI Aayog, etc.
1. Highlights
The Group of Ministers discussed actions taken so far to contain the spread of COVID-19.
It was announced at the meeting that the death rate in the country due to COVID-19 is
at 3% and the recovery rate is at 12%. The situation and recovery in India is better than
most of the other countries. This is mainly due to successful implementation of the lock
down.
2. Hotspots
The Group of Ministers meet announced that more than 170 districts have been put in
red zone. Out of these 123 districts are with large outbreaks, 47 districts are under
cluster transmissions. Around 207 districts have been placed in non-hotspot and 353
districts are placed under green zone.
204. GBRC scientists find three new mutations of COVID-19
On April 17, 2020, the scientists at Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC) have
found three new mutations of COVID-19 virus. With this, GBRC becomes the first
government laboratory in the country to sequence whole genome of COVID-19.
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1. Highlights
There are six mutations of the virus that have been found so far. The scientists at GBRC
have found three more new mutations. Therefore, so far 9 mutations of the virus have
been found.
2. Genome Sequencing
The Genome Sequencing is a method that is used to find DNA sequence of genome of an
organism.
3. Bats
The ICMR has recently found COVID-19 virus in two species of fruit bats. This says that
active surveillance of bats is also essential to find the emerging strains of the virus.
April 18, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
205. India attends Development Committee Meeting of IMF-World Bank
On April 17, 2020, India attended the Development Committee meeting of World Bank-
International Monetary Fund. India was represented by the Finance Minister Smt Nirmala
Sitaraman.
1. Highlights
India participated in the 101st meeting of the development committee that was held
through video conference. The experts that attended the meet discussed response to
COVID-19 emergency and COVID-19 debt initiatives. The major debt initiative is
International Call for Action in Support of IDA countries.
2. Outcomes
The Committee welcomed the world bank financial support of 150 to 160 billion USD to
combat COVID-19 for the next 15 months. The next meet of the Development committee
meet has been scheduled on October 17, 2020.
3. IDA countries
The IDA countries are International Development Association countries that offers
concession loans and grants to the poorest countries in the world. The IDA was
established in 1960. It shares the world bank mission of reducing poverty.
206. “Updated COVID-19 Containment Plan” released by GoI
On April 18, 2020, the Ministry of Health released “Updated Containment plan for large
outbreaks COVID-19”. According to the plan, containment operations are to be scaled
down when there are no new positive cases in the quarantined zone for at least 4 weeks.
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1. Current Plan
Currently, “Containment for large outbreaks through Geographic Quarantine Strategy” is
in action. According to this plan, entire India has been demarcated as hotspot, non-
hotspot and green zone. Around 170 districts of hotspots have been identified. Out of
these, 123 districts have been declared as large outbreaks and 47 hotspots are with
clusters.
2. What is the new Plan?

 A scenario-based approach has been adopted
 Geographic quarantine strategy is to be adopted to minimize the movement of people in
regions where the outbreak is high.
 Hydroxychloroquine are to be given to all asymptomatic health care workers.
 Social Distancing is to be implemented with strict perimeter control
 To ensure Movement is completely restricted other than essential services
 Vehicles moving out of the containment zones are to be decontaminated with sodium
hypochlorite solution.
207. WHO: Other Countries will follow China in revising their death toll
On April 18, 2020, the World Health Organization announced that many countries are to
follow China in updating their death tolls due to COVID-19. This will happen after they
bring the spread of the virus under control.
1. Highlights
The major epicenter of COVID-19, Wuhan, recently raised its death toll due to COVID-19
by 50%. According to WHO, the health officials of Wuhan covered up the outbreak.
However, the numbers have now been updated after several doctors raised alarms
online.

Recently after containing the spread of the virus, Wuhan city added 1,290 death tolls.
This increased the number of tolls to 3,869. With this the overall infections in the city
became 50,333.
208. GoI: India accounts to 40% drop in COVID-19
On April 17, 2020 India announced that the growth in COVID-19 cases has decreased by
40%. The Government also says that before lock down, the number of cases doubled in
3 days. However, now it takes 6.2 days for the number of cases to double.
1. Highlights
After Lock Down the growth rate of the virus has reduced to 1.2% as compared to 2.1%
before lock down. This betterment has been observed in 19 states and union territories.
They are Uttarakhand, Kerala, Ladakh, Haryana, Chandigarh, Himachal Pradesh, Odisha,
Bihar, Puducherry, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Delhi, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Punjab,
Tamil Nadu, Assam, Jammu and Kashmir, Tripura and Uttar Pradesh.
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2. Observations of ICMR
The Indian Council of Medical Research has been noticing mixed of COVID-19 strains as
the disease was brought by persons travelling from different parts of the world. Also,
ICMR is to begin its study on the efficacy of BCG (Bacille Calmette Guerin) vaccination in
COVID-19. This is being done as the study from many countries state that countries with
efficient BCG vaccination programme had minimal impacts of the virus.
209. April 18: World Heritage Day
Every year April 18 is observed as the World Heritage Day. The day is also celebrated as
the International Day of Monuments and sites.
1. Highlights
The World Heritage Day is celebrated to create awareness about diversity, heritage and
vulnerability of the monuments and heritage sites. The World Heritage sites are defined
as man-made areas or natural areas that hold international importance and requires
special protection.
2. Theme
This year the World Heritage Day, 2020 is celebrated under the theme
3. India
In India, five Delhi monuments are to be illuminated to celebrate World Heritage Day.
These five monuments include Humayun’s Tomb, Qutub Minar, Safdarjung’s Tomb, Red
Fort and Purana Qila. These sites are to be illuminated by Archaeological Survey of India.
4. ICOMOS
The International Council on Monuments and Sites in 1982 announced April 18 as World
Heritage Day. It was approved by the UNESCO in 1983. The organization was established
based on the principles of Venice Charter framed in 1964.
210. Renewable Energy Parks to be set up in India
On April 18, 2020, the Ministry of Renewable Energy has initiated big action to set up
Renewable Manufacturing parks in India.
1. Highlights
The Ministry of Renewable Energy initiated manufacturing hubs to meet domestic and
global demands. In order to achieve this the central government has directed the states
to identify land parcels between 50 acres and 500 acres to set up these parks. The
states have been directed as land is a state subject.

The Central Government is to set renewable energy parks to set up facilities that will
manufacture solar cells, silicon ingots, silicon wafers, steel frames, wind equipment, etc.
Currently, India is importing 85% of its imports from abroad.
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3. How will it benefit India?
This is the right time for India to introduce policy changes towards benefitting renewable
energy manufacturing firms. This is because manufacturing firms are shifting their bases
away from China and are searching for new opportunities.
211. Revised draft of Electricity (Amendment) bill, 2020 launched
The Ministry of Power has made changes to the Electricity (Amendment) bill, 2020. This
is being done to promote electricity generation from renewable sources.
1. Key Features of the bill

 Electricity Contract enforcement Authority is to be created
 Launch of National Renewable Energy Policy
 Payment security has been made necessary to schedule distribution of electricity and also to
facilitate cross border trade.
 Privatization of discoms using franchises and sub-licenses
 Power Tarrif is to be determined without subsidy
 The appellate tribunal of electricity is to have similar powers as that of civil courts
2. Significance
The privatization of discoms has been suggested. This is being done as according to
Power ministry, discoms are losing Rs 22,000 crores of revenue annually. The bill
proposes that all State Energy Research Centre are to specify a trajectory for renewable
energy. This will include hydro power obligation as well. This comes as the Central
Government recently recognized hydropower as renewable power.
212. National List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of India launched
On April 18, 2020, the Union Minister of culture Shri Prahlad Singh Patel launched the
National List of Intangible Cultural Heritage. The list is to include 13 elements that are
already included in UNESCO Representative list of Intangible Cultural Heritage of
Humanity.
1. Highlights
The initiative is a part of Vision 2024 of Ministry of Culture. It aims to increase the
awareness about intangible cultural heritages. The list will recognize the diversity in
Indian Culture. The list already has 100 elements. However, the Ministry updates the list
regularly.
2. UNESCO
According to UNESCO’s Convention for safeguarding Intangible Cultural Heritage held in
2003, there are 5 broad categories in the list. They are performing arts, rituals and
festive events, social practices, knowledge and practices concerned with nature and
traditional craftmanship.
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3. What is Intangible Cultural Heritage?
The ICH is representation, practice, knowledge, expression of skills. It involves non-
physical intellectual property such as beliefs, folklore, traditions, customs and language.
213. Nigerian Chief Aide of President Muhammadu Buhari dies of COVID-

19
Nigerian President Muhammadu Buhari’s Chief Aide Abba Kyari died of COVID-19 on April
17, 2020. He had tested positive for the disease and had been receiving treatment for
the disease.
1. Abba Kyari
Abba Kyari controlled access to Nigerian President Muhammadu Buhari. He was a former
military ruler and had tested positive after his visit to Germany on March 29, 2020.
Nigeria has imposed lock down in Abuja and Lagos that are the major economic hubs of
Nigeria.
2. Muhammadu Buhari
Muhammdu Buhari is the current President of Nigeria. He is a retired military general
and served as military head between 1983 and 1985. He won the presidential elections
in 2014.
3. Buharism
Buharism, in the politics of Nigeria has been named after him. Buharism was
represented by two-way struggles. They are struggle with external globalism and
struggle with internal agents and advocates.
214. CBDT releases relief funds to MSME
The Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) issued Rs 5,204 cores as relief funds to MSME
(Micro Medium and Small Enterprises) sector. Around 8.2 lakh small businesses have
received Income Tax Refunds so far.
1. Highlights
In the last 10 days, CBDT issued Rs 5,204 crores as Income Tax refunds. The funds were
issued to help MSMEs move out of their financial crunches caused due to COVID-19
crisis.

The lock down has hit the cash flow of MSME sector. The released funds will help to
increase the liquidity flow in the sector. Many workers employed in the sector have
returned to their home town. Now, even if the government has permitted resuming of
works in MSMEs, the industry is to face shortage of labours.
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3. Outstanding Cases
There are 1.74 lakhs of pending cases with the CBDT. These cases are awaiting
responses from taxpayers. These tax payers have been sent e-mails requesting them to
reply within 7 days.
215. GoI amends FDI policy
On April 18, 2020, the Government of India amended the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
policy. This has been done to prevent opportunistic acquisitions of Indian companies due
to COVID-19 economic crisis. The amendments has been made to the Consolidated FDI
policy, 2017.
1. What is the current rule?

Under the current rule, any non-resident entity from countries sharing borders with India
are allowed to make investments in India. However, entities in Bangladesh and Pakistan
are required to obtain government permission.
2. What are revised conditions?

Now, every investor from a neighbouring country is required to invest through
Government route.
3. Implications
The step mainly targets the Chinese companies. With the world entering lock down and
China returning to normalcy, China is now investing and acquiring companies all over
the world. With the amendment, any (especially Chinese) firm will now have to get
Indian Government permission in order to make an acquisition in India or acquire an
Indian firm.
216. Demo-2 mission: NASA to launch Astronauts to space first time in

11 years
On April 18, 2020, NASA announced that it will launch its flight of astronauts on May 27,
2020. This is the first flight of NASA in 9 years.
1. Highlights
The mission is to use Falcon-9 rocket. The astronauts are to be sent for an extended stay
at the international space station. The mission is to be launched by SpaceX. It is the first
crewed launch of the Elon Musk space company. The mission of NASA sending
astronauts to International Space Station has been named “Commercial Crew
Programme”.
2. Demo Mission
The Demo-1 Mission of NASA was launched by SpaceX. Demo-1 was the first uncrewed
test flight to be launched to the International Space Station. Currently, SpaceX and
Boeing are the space taxi providers of NASA.
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3. Commercial Crew Programme
The Commercial Crew Programme was funded by the US Government. It was
administered by NASA. Under the programme, the private vendors will operate crew
vehicles to carry astronauts to the International Space Station. The unmanned mission
Demo-1 is also a part of Commercial Crew Programme.
217. Central Drug Research Institute signs MoU to sequence virus

strains
On April 18, 2020, the Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI) has signed a Memorandum
of Understanding (MoU) with King George Medical University to sequence the strains of
COVID-19 virus samples obtained from different patients.

According to the MoU, a Lucknow based lab is to sequence the virus strains. This is to be
done under a “Digital and Molecular Surveillance”. A molecular surveillance system is
collection, reporting and analysis of genetic sequences. Molecular surveillance is
currently being used in HIV drug testing, foodborne infections and TB.
2. Variants
There are nine different variants of the virus known so far. Three were recently found by
Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre.
3. Current Scenario
Currently, the CDRI is working on repurposing of drugs to fight COVID-19. According to
CDRI, repurposing of drugs is the fastest way to find solution to the virus rather than
finding a new drug. Repurposing of drugs is a new strategy that investigates the existing
drugs for therapeutic purposes.
218. CSIR develops Personal Protective Coverall Suit
On April 18, 2020, the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-National
Aerospace Laboratories (NAL) developed Personal Protective Cover all suit. The suit has
been produced with polypropylene spun multilayered non-woven fabric.
1. Highlights
The Polypropylene spun suit can be used to ensure safety of doctors, paramedical staff,
health care workers and nurses. The CSIR-NAL is to produce 30,000 suits per day. The
main benefit of the suit is that it is competitive in prices as compared to other suits that
are being imported.
2. Need
It is to be noted that China sent 1,70,000 Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) kits. Of
these around 50,000 failed to pass safety tests conducted by DRDO. In order to avoid
these situations, it is important to boost PPE manufactured in locally.
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April 19, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
219. CSIR produces Protein Enriched Biscuits for COVID-19 patients
The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, CSIR-CFTRI (Central Food Technological
Research Institute) has made protein rich biscuits for COVID-19 patients. The biscuits
have been sent to the COVID-19 patients in AIIMS (All India Institute of Medical Science).
1. Highlights
The CFTRI has so far supplied 500 kg of protein-rich biscuits. Also, another 500 kg of
protein-rich rusks have been supplied. The usual biscuits contain 8% to 9% of protein.
However, these enriched biscuits and rusks contain 14% of protein.
2. Significance
The biscuits will help COVID-19 patients that are recuperating. Recuperating is
recovering from illness. Protein is essential for the body to fight against infection. It
balances fluids and increases oxygen supply throughout the body. The biscuits have
been formulated strictly adhering to FSSAI standards.
220. Indian Astrophysicists: Lithium in Interstellar space & Red Giants

have Connection
The Researchers in the Indian Institute of Astrophysics frame a connection between

Lithium in interstellar space and lithium in red giants. The Lithium rich Helium burning
stars also have connections with red giant stars.
1. Highlights
A team of scientists at the Indian Institute of Astrophysics have discovered a number of
Lithium rich red giants. The study says that the present amount of Lithium found in the
Universe is four times that of the primordial value. Primordial means existing from the
beginning time. This, in fact is the primary reason for scientists to identify Lithium rich
sources. Finding such sources will help in validating Big Bang Nucleosynthesis
2. Bing Bang Nucleosynthesis

The Big Bang Nucleosynthesis is the production of nuclei other than that of the lightest
isotope of hydrogen (1H – Hydrogen 1) during an early phase of the Universe. This
includes helium-4, helium-3, lithium-7.
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221. Procurement of Pulses and Oil Seeds from Farmers
The Government of India has procured oil seeds and pulses from farmers directly at
Minimum Support Prices. Currently, the Price Support Scheme for the Rabi season has
been launched in Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Rajasthan, Telangana, Uttar Pradesh,
Haryana and Maharashtra.
1. Highlights
Till now the Food Corporation of India (FCI) and NAFED (National Agricultural Cooperative
Marketing of India) have procured 1.33 lakh metric tonnes of pulses and 29,264 metric
tonnes of oilseeds. This has benefitted more than 1.14 lakh farmers. The value of pulses
and oil seeds procured so far amount to Rs 784.77 crores
2. NAFED
The NAFED was established in 1958. It is the apex organization for all marketing
cooperatives of agricultural produce in the country. Apart from agricultural produce,
NAFED also procures forest resources. The NAFED is registered under Multi-State
Cooperative Societies Act. It was established as a nodal agency for price stabilization in
the country under “Operation Greens”.
3. Operation Greens
Operation Greens was introduced in the Union Budget 2018-19. It allocated Rs 500
crores to the Farmer Produce Organizations. The project aims to stabilize the supply of
tomatoes, onion and potatoes in the country. It will also aid in doubling farmers’ income
by 2022.
222. IISD: India’s Renewable Subsidies decline by 35%
The Council on Energy, Environment and Water (CCEW) and International Institute of
Sustainable Development (IISD) recently released a report called “Mapping India’s
Energy Subsidies, 2020”.
1. Highlights
The report says that India’s energy subsidies have declined by 35% in 2019 as compared
to 2017. On the other hand, the oil and gas subsidies have increase by 65%.
2. Key Observations of the report

The institutes have observed that India has shifted from public resources towards clean
energy in the last 6 years. The fossil fuel subsidies have dropped by more than half. On
the other hand, the subsidies for electric vehicles and renewable energy have increased
by three and a half times since 2014.
April 20, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
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223. Uttar Pradesh-First State to Geo Tag Community Kitchens
On April 19, 2020, Uttar Pradesh became the first state to geotag community kitchens.
Around 7,368 community kitchens located in 75 districts were geo tagged.
1. Highlights
The State Government of Uttar Pradesh joined hands with Google to geo tag community
kitchens in the state. The kitchens produce 12 lakh food packets per day.

The main problem faced by the state was influx of migrants. Also, there was lack of
information among the population. They were unaware of the location of community
kitchens and shelter homes.
3. Application
An application has been developed by the Remote Sensing Application Centre (RSAC) to
learn about the location of the community kitchens. The application was developed by
feeding data of the latitudes and longitudes of the community kitchen. Apart from this,
Google will also provide the location of these centres in its application.
224. GoI: A high level force set up to work on drugs and vaccine
The Government of India has set up a high-level work force to test vaccines and drugs.
The task force consists of members from NITI Aayog, DRDO (Defence Research
Development Organization), ICMR (Indian Council of Medical Research).
1. Highlights
The main aim of the task force is to set up vaccine development process. It will create a
list of national and international organizations that work on vaccine development.
Currently, there are 70 clinical trials being conducted all over the world to find a vaccine
for COVID-19. Of these 5 have entered human trials.
2. Role of DBT
The Department of Biotechnology has been made the central coordination committee to
develop the vaccine.
3. Plan of India
The Government of India has been till now focusing on preventive measures. Also, it had
been working on repurposing of drugs. Very few measures have been adopted so far to
discover a drug or vaccine. The team will help to accelerate the discovery.
225. Home Ministry issues SOPs for movement of stranded migrant

labourers
On April 19, 2020, the Ministry of Home Affairs issued Standard of Operating Procedure
for movement of stranded migrant labourers.
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1. Highlights
The workers employed in construction, agriculture, industries and other sectors have
been moved from their work places and have been housed in shelter camps and relief
shelters. These centres are being run by the state governments and Union Territories. In
order to prevent the spread of COVID-19, the movement of these labourers are to be
managed under a Standard of Operating Procedure.
2. Guidelines
The following are the guidelines issued by the Ministry of Home Affairs
226. Indian Army supports Narela Quarantine Centre
The Indian Army is to extend its support to the Narela Quarantine Centre. It is the largest
quarantine centre in the country and was established by the Delhi Government.
1. Highlights
Initially, the quarantine facility had 250 foreign nationals. Later, an additional strength of
1000 more were added. A team of Army doctors and nurses are assisting the centre
from April 1, 2020.
2. Indian Armed Forces

There are four main tasks of Indian Armed Forces. They are
227. GoI: Supply of Non-Essential Commodities by E-commerce

prohibited during Lock Down
On April 19, 2020, the Government of India ordered that supply of non-essential
commodities will remain prohibited during lock down. The order comes when E-
Commerce industry geared up to deliver products such as refrigerators and mobile
phones to areas that do not fall under COVID-19 hotspots.
1. Highlights
The GoI had earlier allowed E-commerce to operate from April 20. Following this, several
state governments had issued orders to begin operations of E-commerce. However, this
will affect the quarantine operations in hotspots. Therefore, the GoI has exercised the
powers of Section 10 (2) of the Disaster Management Act.
2. Section 10 of Disaster Management Act

The section provides powers to the national executive committee to discharge plans of
national authority. The Committee shall be constituted by the Central Government to
combat the disaster. Such a committee had earlier been constituted to act and monitor
COVID-19 disaster. It also has powers to lay down guidelines to prepare disaster
management plans. Under this power, the centre has banned the sale of non-essential
goods in the country by the E-Commerce groups.
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228. Leather back Sea Turtles build largest nests in 20 years in deserted
beaches
The largest number of nests of the rare Leather back sea turtles were found in Thailand.
This was mainly because, the beaches in Thailand were deserted due to COVID-19 lock
down.
1. Highlights
Earlier news reported that wild boars were patrolling the Israeli city of Haifa. With more
than 2,765 infections in Thailand, the country has imposed travel ban and lock down.
This has increased the number of leather back sea turtles to build nests. Around 11
turtle nests were found and this was the highest in 20 years.
2. About Leather Back Turtle

The Leather back Turtles are the world’s giant sea turtles. They are considered
vulnerable under International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) red list of
threatened species. In Thailand, they are considered endangered.
229. GoI launches online Data Pool of Human Resources
On April 19, 2020, the Government of India launched Online Data Pool of Human
Resources to combat COVID-19.
1. Highlights
The GoI launched online data pool at https://covidwarriors.gov.in. It includes AYUSH
doctors, health care professionals, volunteers from NSS, NCC, ex-servicemen, etc. The
platform consists of district wise and state wise pool of human resources.
2. iGoT Training
This is a training facility that was launched for capacity building of nurses, doctors,
hygiene workers, technicians and AYUSH doctors. iGOT is Integrated Government Online
Training.
3. Other benefits
The Government of India had also constituted 11 Empowered groups to frame plans to
address challenges in MSME sector. These groups shall obtain details about the current
manpower to learn about The portal can also be used to collect information of volunteers
in order to enforce social distancing at public places such as mandis, ration shops,
banks, etc.
230. April 20: UN Chinese Language Day
Every year, on April 20, the United Nations Chinese Language Day is observed. The day
is observed to pay tribute to Cangjie. Cangjie is a mythical figure who invented Chinese
Characters.
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1. About Cangjie
The legend in China is believed to have four eyes. Also, it is believed that when the
legend invented the Chinese characters the deities and ghosts cried and millet rain
occurred.
2. United Nations
The United Nations celebrate Language days to celebrate cultural diversity and
multilingualism. The Chinese language was set as one of the official languages in the
United Nations in 1946. However, Chinese was included as the working language in the
UN in 1971.
3. Official Language of the UN

There are six official languages of the UN. They are Arabic, English, Chinese, Russian,
Spanish and French.
4. Working language of the UN

Initially, English and French were established as working languages of the UN. Later,
other languages such as Chinese, Russian, Arabic and Spanish were added to the list.
231. GoI: Quota Allocation Procedure for import of Calcined Pet Coke
initiated
On April 20, 2020, the Government of India has laid down procedure to allocate quota for
the import of calcined pet coke in the financial year 2020-21.
1. Highlights
In October 2018, the Government of India permitted imports of certain quantity of pet
coke in order to use it as fuel in anode making. Earlier, the GoI had banned import of pet
coke. Import of petcoke was allowed only in lime kiln, cement, gasification and calcium
carbide industries. Now the Directorate General of Foreign Trade has invited applications
for import of pet coke.
2. Pet Coke imports

India is the largest consumer of pet coke in the world. India imports over 27 million
tonnes of pet coke from US alone. Pet coke emits over 11% more green house gases
than coal.
3. What is Pet Coke?

Petroleum Coke is called Pet Coke. It is rich in carbon and is derived during oil refining. It
consists of more than 80% of carbon.
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232. Indian Scientists Discover model to predict Ionospheric Electron
Density
The Indian Institute of Geomagnetism researchers have developed a model that will
predict electronic density of ionosphere. This is highly important for the communication
and navigation on the earth.
1. Highlights
The researchers developed an Artificial Neural Networks based Global Ionospheric Model
(ANNIM) to predict ionospheric electron density. The model was developed by using data
collected for more than 20 years.
2. Artificial Neural Network

The ANNs mimic the process of human brain. They help in clustering, recognition,
generalization, classification and non linear data fitting. It captures morphological
features of ionosphere. This is highly helpful to study changes in the ionosphere due to
disturbed weather periods that has been on the rise lately. It also helps to learn about
geomagnetic storms that occur due to the magnetic clouds that originate from the sun.
3. Magnetic Storm
The Magnetic storms are rapid change in huge magnetic fields. They can last from hours
to days. A magnetic storm on the earth’s magnetosphere is caused by solar winds.
233. Electric Vehicle Sale increases by 20% in 2020-21
The Society of Manufacturers of Electric Vehicles (SMEV) has released its data on Electric
Vehicles sales. According to its report, the sales of Electric Vehicles have increased by
20% in the Fiscal Year 2019-20.
1. Highlights
The sale of electric vehicles in 2018-19 included 3,600 cars, 126,000 two wheelers and
400 buses. The sale of electric vehicles for the year 2019-20 included 3,400 cars,
152,000 two wheelers and 600 buses. The sales of cars have declined mainly due to lack
of bulk purchase of electric cars in the country.
2. Key Findings
Of the electric vehicles sold in 2019-20, 97% were electric scooters. Out of these electric
scooters, 90% of them were low speed electric two wheelers that run at 25 km/hr.
234. GoI: Six Inter-Ministerial Teams formed after violations of Lock

Down in the States
On April 20, 2020, six inter-ministerial teams were formed by the Ministry of Home
Affairs, violations of lock down were reported in Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, West
Bengal and Maharashtra.
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1. Highlights
The teams formed are to submit a report to the central government after examining
social distancing, lock down violations and attacks on medical professionals in the state.
The teams are to issue directions to state authorities by making on-spot assessment of
the situation.
2. Legislation
The President can invoke President’s rule under Article 356 when a state government
fails to abide by constitutional norms. After imposition of President’s rule, both Lok
Sabha and Rajya Sabha should approve president’s rule within 6 months.
235. INST uses Fish Gills to develop low cost electro-catalysts
The Institute of Nano Science and Technology operating under Department of Science
and Technology has launched an environment friendly catalyst for rechargeable metal
battery.
1. Highlights
The Catalyst used is made of fish gills. It is low cost and can be used in energy
conversion devices. The catalyst invented will overcome the bottlenecks in storage
technologies such as metal-air battery, fuel cell and biofuel.
2. Catalysts in Biofuels
The Catalysts used in biofuel storage technologies are sodium hydroxide, potassium
hydroxide and sodium methanoxide. A biofuel cells are those cells that use living
organisms to generate electricity. The metal oxides used in these batteries are harmful
as they cause permanent damage to tissues
3. Metal Air Batteries

The Metal air batteries use metals as anode and air as cathode. However, catalysts and
electrolytes have hindered the development of metal air batteries.
4. Fuel Cell
A Fuel Cell converts chemical energy into electrical energy. Usually, platinum, a very
expensive metal is used as catalyst.
236. CBDT issues clarification over Section 115 BAC of Income Tax Act
The Central Board of Direct Taxes recently clarified that the employers shall seek
clarification and detect tax at source.
1. Section 115 BAC

The Section 115 BAC was inserted recently into the Income Tax Act, 1961. According to
the section, a person receiving income other than family business shall be taxed under
Section 115 BAC. This is to be furbished along with those submitted under Section 139 of
the act.
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2. Clarity
The CBDT has provided the following clarity
237. National Biofuel Coordination Committee: Surplus Rice to be used

to make Sanitizers
On April 20, 2020, the Minister of Petroleum Shri Dharmendra Pradhan held National
Biofuel Coordination Committee (NBCC) meeting. Under the meeting, it was decided that
surplus rice that is available with Food Corporation of India is to be used in
manufacturing ethanol that is used in hand sanitizers.
1. Highlights
Under the NBCC, it was decided that the surplus rice is to be used for making sanitizers
and also for making Ethanol blended petrol programme. The decision has been taken in
accordance with the National Policy of Biofuels, 2018
2. National Policy of Biofuels, 2018

Under the policy, during every crop year, when there is an oversupply of food grains as
that expected by the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer Welfare, then the surplus
quantity shall be used to produce ethanol.
3. World Health Organization

According to the standards set by the World Health Organization, a hand sanitizer should
consist of 60% to 70% of alcohol.
April 21, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
238. Goa: The First State to become COVID-19 free; Manipur-Second
On April 21, 2020, Goa became the first state in the country to become free of COVID-
19. After Goa, Manipur becomes COVID-19 free.
1. Highlights
There were total of seven positive cases in the state of Goa. Since April 3, 2020, the
state had not reported a single case. However, risks looms around Goa as 7,000 seamen
are to return to the state.
2. Current Scenario
Currently, around 59 districts of 23 states have become COVID-19 free. When a district
does not report a new COVID-19 case in 14 days, it is being declared COVID-19 free.
Also, Mahe in Puducherry, Pauri Garhwal of Uttarakhand, Kodagu of Karnataka have not
reported new cases in 28 days.
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239. New Development Bank’s financial assistance of 1 billion USD to

India
On April 20, 2020, Finance Minister Smt Nirmala Sitaraman attended the fifth annual
meeting of the Board of Governors of the National Development Bank through a video
conference.
1. Outcomes
The New Development Bank of the BRICS grouping is to provide a financial assistance of
1 billion USD of COVID-19 funds to India. India has pitched for 10 billion USD from the
bank.
2. About NDB
The bank was established in 2014 by BRICS member countries Russia, Brazil, India,
South Africa and China. It mobilizes resources of infrastructure and sustainable
development projects. It works to complement efforts of regional and multilateral
financial institutions to enhance global growth and development. It supports both public
and private projects. The initial authorized capital of the bank was 100 billion USD.
240. DCGI approves COVID-19 drug to reduce mortality rate
On April 20, 2020, the Drugs Controller General of India (DCGI) approved trial of a drug
to reduce mortality rate of COVID-19 patients.
1. Highlights
The COVID-19 drug that was developed by the Cadila Pharmaceuticals along with
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) is to enter into trial. The clinical trial
has been approved by DCGI. The drug had been used to treat critically ill patients
suffering from Gram Negative Bacterial Sepsis.
2. Gram Negative Bacteria

Gram Negative Bacteria with Sepsis is a systematic disease that are caused by micro-
organisms. It is common in children with weak immune system. Gram Negative Bacteria
are those bacteria that have strong membranes around their cells than the gram
positive bacteria. This makes them much more difficult to treat.
3. Sepsis
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition. Normally, human body released chemicals into the
blood stream to fight an infection. When the chemicals in the bloodstream go out of
balance, sepsis occurs;
4. Why used for COVID-19?

The patients suffering from COVID-19 and Gram Negative Bacterial Sepsis have
similarities and hence the drug is being used to treat patients suffering from COVID-19.
The drug used to treat Gram Negative Bacterial Sepsis has been proved to be safe and
has not reported any systemic side effects so far.
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241. Fifteenth Finance Commission to assess impacts of COVID-19
The Economic Advisory Council of the Fifteenth Finance Commission is to meet on April
23 and 24, 2020. The council is to discuss the impacts of COVID-19.
1. Highlights
A two-day meeting is to be held through video conference. The experts will discuss
about macro variables over time. The agenda of the meet also includes public
expenditure to be spent to improve the economy. The council will also discuss about
assisting research study that will enhance understanding of the issue.
2. Significance
The international financial institutions have decreased the growth rate of India. The IMF
(International Monetary Fund) has estimated growth rate of India to be 1.9% in 2020-21.
The World Bank has estimated the growth rate of the country as 1.5% to 2.8%. The Fitch
rating has cut India’s Growth rate to 2% and the S&P pegs the country’s growth rate at
2%. The Moody’s have estimated at 2.5%. The estimated growth rates have been the
lowest in 30 years.
242. President’s New Secretary: Former retd IAS officer Kapil Dev
Tripathi
On April 20, 2020, the Former IAS officer Kapil Dev Tripathi was appointed as the new
secretary to the President of India Shri Ram Nath Kovind. The Appointments Committee
of the Cabinet approved his appointment for a term co-terminus with the tenure of the
President.
1. Appointment Committee of the Cabinet

The Appointment Committee of the Cabinet appoints the top posts of Government of
India. It is composed of Prime Minister of India (chairman), Home Minister. The
committee makes appointments according to the Transactions of Business rules, 1961.
2. Kapil Dev Tripathi

He is a 1980 batch IAS officer. He is to replace Sanjay Kotahri. MR Sanjay Kothari has
been appointed as the Chief Vigilance Commissioner in February. Mr Tripathi retired as
Secretary in Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas.
243. Chief Minister COVID-19 Yoddha Kalyan Yojana: 1 lakh Anganwadi

workers benefitted
The State Government of Madhya Pradesh recently launched the Chief Minister COVID-
19 Yoddha Kalyan Yojana. Under the scheme, around 1 lakh Anganwadi workers are to
be benefitted.
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1. Highlights
Under the scheme, the Anganwadi workers are to get special health insurance of Rs 50
lakhs. The collectors of the districts in the state are to list the names of the Anganwadi
workers that are eligible to benefit from the scheme.
2. Anganwadi
Anganwadi is a rural child care centre. It was begun by the Indian Government in 1975.
These centres provide pre-school education, health education, immunization and health
checkup. The responsibilities of the Anganwadi workers have been listed by the Ministry
of Women and Child Development. Today, Anganwadi workers are receiving Rs 15,000
per month as salary.
244. Sown Crop Area has increased by 36%
On April 20, 2020, the Union Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer Welfare announced that
the sown crop area of summer crops has increased by 36%. Farming had been
completely exempted from lock down.
1. Highlights
The rise has been mainly observed in rice cultivation. Rainfall has increased by 14% as
compared to last year. The total summer crops have increased by more than 52
hectares.
2. Harvesting
In Madhya Pradesh, harvesting has increased by 95%, Rajasthan has increased by 85%
and Uttar Pradesh by 65%. The harvesting has been at its peak in Punjab, Uttar Pradesh
and Haryana.
3. Measures to Ease Lock Down

Also, to ease the transport of harvested food grains in the country, All India Agri
Transport Call Centre was launched. The initiative will help in coordination between truck
drivers, traders and manufacturers from different states.
245. April 21: Civil Services Day
Every year, India celebrates Civil Service Day on April 21. The main aim of celebrating
the day is to motivate the efforts and works of civil servants.
1. Awards
On the Civil Service Day, India rewards various officers with Prime Minister’s Awards for
Excellence in Public Administration. The awards work as an inspiration to the civil
servants.
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2. Why April 21?
Every year April 21 is celebrated as Civil Services Day. It was on this day in 1947, Shri
Sardar Vallabhai Patel addressed the first batch probationers of Administrative Services.
However, the day was celebrated for the first time in 2006.
3. Significance
According to Sardar Vallabhai Patel, Civil Servants are the backbone of Indian economy.
They work tirelessly towards smooth functioning of public administration. Their
responsibilities are towards executing the policies of the ruling party and not with the
party itself.
246. United Nations: Consensus Resolution for equitable access to

future vaccines
On April 21, 2020, the United Nations adopted a consensus resolution. The resolution
called for equitable, efficient and timey access to future vaccines developed to fight
against COVID-19.
1. Highlights
The resolution was drafted by Mexico and is supported by the US. It strengthens the
scientific international cooperation that is essential to combat COVID-19. Also, the
resolution highlights the leading role played by the World Health Organization that has
been facing criticism from the US. The US stopped its funding to the WHO accusing the
organization to be China-centric.
2. Significance
With the world running on competitive spirit and countries fighting trade wars, the
resolution will help the vaccines reach COVID-19 patients all over the world. It will also
help to prevent business gains in reaching the vaccines to the patients.
3. United Nations Resolution

In order to pass a resolution, the United Nations requires simple majority (more than
50% of all votes). When the issue considered for voting is of great importance, then two-
third majority is required.
247. CPCB issues guidelines to handle COVID-19 treatment wastes
On April 20, 2020, the Central Pollution Control Board has issued guidelines to manage
waste generated during treatment of COVID-19 patients. The guidelines are to be
followed by sample collection centres, isolation wards, quarantine centres and also by all
biomedical waste treatment facilities and disposal facilities. These guidelines have been
issued to supplement Bio Medical Waste Management Rules, 2016.
1. Highlights of the Guidelines

 The Heath care facilities with isolation wards need to use color coded bins to collect the
medical waste. They should stick to the Bio Medical Waste Management Rules, 2016
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 Isolation wards should use double layered bags to collect biomedical wastes.
 A dedicated bin labelled “COVID-19 Waste” should be used. These bins should be kept
separately and should be disinfected with 1% Sodium Hypochlorite solution.
2. Clarifications
The CPCB has clarified that quarantines are places where the suspected cases of
quarantine homes and quarantine camps are placed. The wastes collected from these
places are to be disposed under Biomedical Waste Management Rules, 2016.
248. PM-KISAN Scheme: 17,793 crores released to 8.89 farmers
On April 20, 2020, the Government of India released 17,793 crores of rupees to 8.89
crores of farmers under Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi Scheme.
1. Highlights
The Government has credited the amount in order to help farmers during the lock down.
Also, the GoI is distributing free pulses under Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana. Under
the scheme, the distribution of rice and wheat under the PDS (Public Distribution
System) has been increased to 7 kg. So far, 1.07 lakh metric tonnes of pulses have been
distributed to the states and union territories under the scheme.
2. Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi

The PM-KISAN was launched in February, 2019. The scheme is being implemented by all
the states except for West Bengal. The scheme is funded 100% by the central
government. Under the scheme, the GoI transfers Rs 6,000 per year to the farmers’ bank
accounts in three installments. All the land holding farmers are eligible to become a
beneficiary of the scheme.
249. BRO: Daporijo Bridge across Subansiri river in Arunachal Pradesh

inaugurated
On April 20, 2020, the Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh Pema Khandu inaugurated a
bridge across the Subansiri river. The bridge was constructed by the BRO (Border Roads
Organization).
1. Highlights
The developmental work of the Daporijo bridge was undertaken by the BRO amidst lock
down. The bridge is of great importance as its links roads leading to India-Arunachal
Pradesh border. The bridge was constructed in less than a month sticking to the safety
precautions.
2. Significance
The bridge is of great importance as the ration supplies, medicines and constructional
materials pass through this bridge. Also, it is important for the transit of Indian Army as
India and China have not demarcated their borders. This is important as China has
motorable roads so close to Indian border.
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3. Subansiri river
Subansiri river is a tributary of Brahmaputra river. It runs through the states of Tibet and
Arunachal Pradesh. The river originates in China. It joins Brahmaputra in Assam.
250. GoI: Dashboard launched to provide details about dhabas and

repair shops
On April 21, 2020, the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways launched a dashboard in
its website www.morth.nic.in. The dashboard will provide information about dhabas and
trucks.
1. Highlights
The dashboard has been launched to help cargo and truck drivers and cleaners. A call
number 1033 has been activated to answer calls. All the necessary healthcare protocols
and precautions have to be followed in these repair shops and dhabas.
2. The List
The Ministry has created a list of dhabas and truck repair shops that are to operate
during the extended lock down. With the lock down getting extended with new
guidelines, normalcy is being brought back in green zones. However, these zones should
stick to strict rules. Some states like Assam and Uttar Pradesh have permitted limited list
of dhabas. On the other hand, certain states have allowed sale of food only at outlets of
oil marketing companies.
251. April 21: World Creativity and Innovation Day
Every year on April 21, the World Creativity and Innovation Day is celebrated by the
United Nations. The day creates awareness about the importance of innovation and
creativity to achieve United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. They are also
called the Global goals.
1. Highlights
Creativity and Innovation are the two main wealth of a country in the 21st century
according to the Creative Economy Report published by United Nations Development
Programme, UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization)
and UNOSSC (United Nations Office for South-South Cooperation).
2. Significance
The report says that creative industries and culture should be the major economic
strategies of a country. These industries have a potential of generating 2.25 billion USD
revenue worldwide. It is also capable of producing 29.5 million jobs world wide.
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252. April 22: World Earth Day
Every year World Earth Day is celebrated on April 22. The day is celebrated to
demonstrate environmental protection. It is being celebrated since 1970.
1. Highlights
On the World Earth Day, 2016, the famous Paris Agreement was signed by more than
120 countries. The day was proposed by peace activist John McConnell in 1970. The day
is celebrated by World Earth Day Network. Around 193 countries join the celebrations.
2. 50th Anniversary
This year the 50th anniversary of World Earth Day is celebrated through digital
mobilizations. The following are the five components that are to be included in the
celebrations
3. Paris Agreement
Paris Agreement was signed within the United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate change (UNFCCC). The main aim of the agreement was to keep the increase in
global temperature below 2 degree Celsius as compared to that of the pre industrial
levels. And to make efforts to limit the increase to 1.5 degree Celsius.
253. “COVID India Seva”: An interactive Platform launched by GoI
On April 22, 2020, the Union Minister of Health and Family Welfare, Dr Harsh Vardhan
launched “COVID India Seva” platform. The platform is an interactive medium
established to provide a channel of communication between the citizens and the
Government.
1. Highlights
The platform aims at providing transparent e-governance delivery. This is achieved by
answering queries of the citizens as early as possible. The platform answers queries
raised by the citizen almost in real time basis.
2. Other Measures
Several portals have been launched by the GoI to help India fight against COVID-19. This
includes iGOT (Integrated Government Online Training) portal. The portal provides
training course to doctors and other medical staffs.
April 22, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
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254. ICMR to States: “Stop Using Rapid Test Kits for 2 days”
On April 21, the Indian Council of Medical Research directed the states to stop using
rapid test kits for 2 days. The order comes after several states started complaining about
faulty kits.
1. Highlights
The GoI had received around 3 lakh COVID-19 rapid testing kits from China. The plan is
to import around 6,50,000 kits from China. However, the states have been complaining
that the kits are producing faulty results. Hence, Government of India has ordered to
stop using COVID-19 rapid antibody test kits.
2. About tests
Currently Government of India is using Polymerase Chain Reaction test to detect COVID-
19. This takes four to five hours to obtain results. However, on the other than the rapid
antibody tests takes around 15 to 30 minutes to obtain the results.
255. Third Phase of Gujarat’s “Sujalam Sufalam Jal Sanchay Abhiyan”

begins
The Gujarat state government has launched the 3rd edition of the Sujalam Sufalam Jal
Sanchay Abhiyan to prepare the water bodies before the monsoon.
1. Background
The Sujalam Sufalam Jal Sanchay Abhiyan is a water conservation scheme launched by
the Gujarat state government in 2018 after experiencing a weak monsoon. The second
edition was launched in February of 2019. The water storage capacity has increased by
2.3 billion cubic feet till date.
2. Functioning
The Sujalam Sufalam Jal Sanchay Abhiyan looks to increase the water storage capacity
in the state by preparing water bodies and other infrastructure before the monsoon.
Cleaning and desilting of riverfronts, irrigation canals, deepening of reservoirs, lakes and
tanks. It works on a PPP model with the government contributing 60% of the expenditure
while the remaining 40% is provided by the people.
3. 3rd Edition
The 3rd edition of the scheme was launched amidst the COVID-19 crisis and its
associated lockdown conditions. The workers are to follow social distancing norms and
masks and sanitizers would be provided to them. Participation will be also through the
MGNREGA scheme.
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256. “Saiyam” Mobile application launched by Pune Municipal
Corporation
On April 21, 2020, Pune Municipal Corporation launched “Saiyam” mobile application.
The application has been developed to monitor home quarantine citizens
1. The Plan
The Pune Municipal Corporation has appointed teams in five different zones. These
teams will conduct follow-ups with the home quarantined people on daily basis. Also, the
teams are to check on people that have returned from international trips and also those
who were discharged from COVID-19 treatment.
2. Saiyam Application
The Home Quarantined person should download the application, The application has GPS
tracking and will help in tracking the home quarantined persons whenever they leave
their homes. The City Administration gets alerts on such situations and the local police
are informed.
257. TIFAC to come up with COVID-19 revival strategy
A team of scientists from Technology Information Forecasting and Assessment Council

(TIFAC) is to prepare a revival strategy to help in the growth of Indian Economy post
COVID-19 lock down.
1. Highlights
The strategy is to strengthen Make in India initiative, develop technology driven
transparent Public Distribution System, reduce imports, efficient rural health care
delivery, adoption of emerging technologies such as Machine Learning, Artificial
Intelligence, Data Analytics, etc. The strategy will also aim to commercialize indigenous
technologies.
2. Need
The major concern of Government of India is labour shortage that is to occur for more
than 6 months after lock down. The Government is also expecting 40 million job losses.
Almost every sector namely trade, transport, manufacturing, tourism, health care,
education are to be hit.
3. TIFAC
TIFAC is Technology Information, Forecasting and Assessment Council. It is an
autonomous organization that was established in 1988. It operates under Department of
Science and Technology.
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258. What is Team Mask Force?
The “Team Mask Force” was created by the BCCI (Board of Control for Cricket in India). It
features India’s most revered cricketers such as Sachin Tendulkar, Virat Kohli, Saurav
Ganguly and Rahul Dravid.
1. Highlights
The Team Mask Force intends to spread awareness of the importance of wearing face
masks in public places. Under the initiative, a video has been made with the the Indian
leading Cricketers sharing awareness messages. The cricketers also encourage making
masks at home by sharing their own self made personalised masks.
2. BCCI
The BCCI has contributed Rs 51 crores to the PM-CARES funds (Prime Minister Citizen
Assistance and Relief in Emergency Situation funds). The BCCI was formed in 1928.
259. India attends G20 Agricultural Ministers Meet
On April 21, 2020, the Agriculture Minister Narendra Singh Tomar attended the G20
Agriculture Ministers Meet through video conferencing. The meet was chaired by Saudi
Arabia.
1. Highlights
The nations resolved to work together on nutrition and food security. It also aimed to
maintain continuity of food supply value chain. They also resolved to work together to
promote research in agriculture that will help improve sustainability and resilience in
agriculture.
2. Key Decision of the meet

The International Fund for Agricultural Development is to help in technical assistance,
provide capacity building, improve resilience if agriculture. The G20 AMIS (Agricultural
Market Information System) will help coordinating policy responses. The countries have
called for continued support of AMIS through voluntary financial support.
260. CSIR: Clinical Trial of “Sepsivac” drug on critically ill COVID-19

patients
On April 22, 2020, the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research announced that it is
to go for clinical trials on critically ill COVID-19 patients.
1. Background
The Drugs Controller General of India recently approved the trial of “Sepsivac”. The drug
is available commercially. With the DCGI approving the drug, CSIR is to start clinical
trials of the drug.
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2. Sepsisvac
The drug is used to treat Gram Negative Sepsis patients. The symptoms and ailments of
both critically ill COVID-19 patients and Gram Negative Sepsis patients are almost
similar.
3. Cytokines
Cytokines are produced in human body in response to infections. There are different
types of cytokines. They are interferons, lymphokines, interleukins and tumor necrosis.
261. World Press Freedom Index: India ranks 142nd
On April 22, 2020, the Global Press freedom Index was launched. India ranked 142nd in
the index and had dropped two places.
1. Highlights: India
The World Press Freedom Index says that with no murder of journalists in India in 2019
as compared to 2018, the security situation in the country has improved. According to
the index, there were 6 murders of journalists in the country in 2018. According to the
index, in India, there have been violations in press freedom, reprisals that were
instigated by corrupt local officials and ambushes by political activists.
2. Highlights: World
According to the index, Pakistan ranked 145 dropping three places. Bangladesh ranked
151. Norway ranked first, North Korea was at 180th and China ranked 177th.
3. World Press Freedom Index

The Index is compiled and published by Reporters without borders, a Paris based non-
profit organisation. Around 180 countries were ranked in the index. According to the
index, South Asia performed the least as compared to all the other regions.
262. Global Annual Report released by United Nations World Food

Programme
The World Food Programme of the United Nations recently released its fourth annual
report on Food Crisis. According to the report, the food crisis has grown by 10%.
1. Highlights
The report says that around 265 million people are facing food insecurity in 2020. This
has increased as compared to 2019. In 2019, around 135 million were affected. The
report has found that around 135 million people from 55 countries are living in acute
food crisis.
2. Findings of the report

The increase in food crisis is mainly due to economic shocks, conflicts and weather-
related events such as drought.
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3. Financial Flows
The financial flows of humanitarian assistance in 32 of the 53 countries with food crisis
has increased. However, the increase is not in par with the increase in food crisis. In
2016, the financial flows were 5.38 billion USD and in 2018, the financial flows were 6.5
billion USD.
4. About the report

The report was presented by the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization and
World Food Programme to the United Nations Security Council.
263. Food Processing Industries to remain open during extended Lock

Down
On April 21, 2020, Government of India announced that food processing industries,
caregivers of senior citizens and prepaid mobile charging units are to remain open
during extended lock down.
1. Highlights
The Ministry of Home Affairs recently issued guidelines for the categories to remain open
during extended lock down. According to the guidelines, the states were instructed to
clarify the guidelines to the implementing district authorities. Some of the states failed
to comply with the guidelines. An inter-ministerial committee was formed to assess
these states. The Committee is currently visiting Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh.

The guidelines have mentioned social sector clause and failed to define the clause in
detail. This is creating differences. Hence, the centre has clarified that this clause
includes supply of essential goods such as food processing units, milk processing, flour
mills, bed side attendants and caregivers to senior citizens are exempted from lock
down.
3. Other Guidelines
The Guidelines issued are as follows
264. GoI: Recovery rate of COVID-19 patients in the country is 17.47%
On April 21, 2020, the Government of India announced that the recovery rate of COVID-
19 patients in the country is 17.47%. There are more than 61 districts in 23 states and
union territories where no fresh cases have been reported in 14 days.
1. Highlights
The Government of India has issued detailed guidelines for all states towards treatments
such as HIV, dialysis and cancer. The Indian Red Cross has started round the clock
control room to provide blood services in Delhi. Several other steps are being taken to
combat COVID-19 in the country.
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2. Government measures
The GoI has created covidwarriors.gov.in portal. The Portal holds database of healthcare
professionals and volunteers. Around 1.24 crores of human resources have been added
to the portal. The portal holds 20 categories and 49 sub categories. The portal holds
details of 15,000 AYUSH professionals. They have been deployed in 17 states and Union
Territories. More than 1 lakh AYUSH professionals and 55,000 AYUSH students have
been trained to be deployed in the fight against COVID-19.
265. New Viper Species discovered by Indian Herpetologists in

Arunachal Pradesh
The Indian Herpetologists discovered new species of viper family in the Pakke Tiger
Reserve in Arunachal Pradesh. It has been named after a fictional character, Salazar
Slytherin.
1. Highlights
This is the second species of viper that was discovered in Arunachal Pradesh. However,
there are more 48 species of viper in the region (across South East Asia and East Asia). It
is very difficult to spot in Arunachal Pradesh. Also, the biodiversity documentation in the
state is bad.
2. Vipers
Vipers are venomous snakes that are found in almost all parts of the world. They are not
found in Australia, Antarctica, Hawaii, New Zealand and Madagascar. They have a pair of
long fangs that inject venom. These snakes are intelligent and have the capability to
decide how much venom to inject based on the circumstances.
3. Pakke Tiger Reserve

The Tiger Reserve is bounded by Kameng river in the west and north and by Pakke river
in the east. It is located in Arunachal Pradesh.
266. GoI brings in ordinance making attack on doctors punishable up to

7 years
On April 22, 2020, the Government of India brought in ordinance to end violence against
doctors and health care workers.
1. Highlights
According to the ordinance, persons attacking health personnel are to be sentenced to
jail for 6 months to 7 years. In non-serious cases, the workers are liable to pay penalty of
Rs 50,000 and in serious cases between Rs 2 lakhs and 5 lakhs.
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2. The Protest
The Indian Medical Association had declared April 23, 2020 as black day to protest
against attacks on health care professionals, workers, staffs and doctors all over the
country. It demanded the central government to punish those causing violence.
However, the protest was withdrawn by the association after the cabinet approved
ordinance to take strict actions against persons causing the violence.
267. Rs 15,000 crores approved by Union Cabinet for COVID-19
On April 22, 2020, the Union Cabinet approved Rs 15,000 crores towards “India COVID-
19 Emergency Response and Health System Preparedness Challenge”. The funds are to
be utilised in 3 phases.
1. Highlights
For an immediate response Rs 7,774 crore has been sanctioned. The rest of the funds
are to be utilised as medium-term support in 1 to 4 years. The main aim of the funds is
to slow down the spread of COVID-19 in India.
2. Objectives of the fund

The main objectives of the fund are as follows
268. April 23: World Book Day
Every year, World Book Day or International Day of Book or World Book and Copyrights
Day is organised by United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization
(UNESCO).
1. Highlights
The World Book Day is being celebrated since 1995. The idea of World Book Day was
given a writer Vicente Clavel Andres to celebrate World Book Day on the death
anniversary of author Miguel de Cervantes.
2. Miguel de Cervantes
Miguel de Cervantes was a Spanish writer. He was well known for the classic western
literature “Don Quixote”. He lived in 17th century. He was a soldier, poet, novelist, tax
collector and a playwright. He was forced to leave Spain and hence he worked as a
cardinal in Rome.
April 23, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
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269. Ministry of HRD launches VidyaDaan 2.0
On April 22, 2020, the Union Ministry of HRD launched VidyaDaan 2.0 on DIKSHA. The
main aim of the platform is to contribute e-learning content and help children continue
their learning anywhere and anytime in the country.
1. Highlights
In the backdrop of situation arising out of COVID-19, VidyaDaan 2.0 has been launched
to integrate both school and higher education for children. The VidyanDaan 2.0 was
launched on DIKSHA.
2. Objective of the programme

VidyanDaan 2.0 will bring together academicians, organizations and e-learning content.
The contributors shall share content in the form of videos, assessments, lesson plans
and question banks. The content shared are to be monitored by a panel of experts
3. DIKSHA
DIKSHA is National Digital Infrastructure launched for teachers. It acts as a platform for
the teachers to learn and train themselves. It will help them in creating in-class
resources, training content, assessment aids and also stay connected with other teacher
community.
270. Union Cabinet approves Nutrient Based Subsidy
On April 22, 2020, the Union Cabinet approved to fix Nutrient Based Subsidies for
Phosphatic Potassic fertilizers.
1. Highlights
The cabinet also approved the use of complex fertilizer namely Ammonium Phosphate.
The expenditure to be spent on the subsidy of the fertilizer is expected to be Rs 22,186
crores.
2. Background
The Government of India has been providing potassium and phosphorous fertilizers to
farmers in subsidy rates. These subsidies are governed by the NBS scheme that was
launched in 2010.
3. Nutrient Based Subsidy Scheme

Under the scheme, the fertilizers except urea are to be provided to the farmers at
subsidized rates. The scheme focuses on secondary nutrients such as N,P,K and S and
also micro nutrients.
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271. Apthamitra: Helpline and application launched by Karnataka
Government
The State Government of Karnataka has launched “Apthamitra” mobile application and
helpline to fight COVID-19. The application was launched by the Chief Minister of the
state B S Yediyurappa.
1. Highlights
The application aims at providing medical guidance and advice on COVID-19. When a
person has symptoms of COVID-19, he or she can call to the helpline number of
“Apthamitra”. They will be advised by a team of medical experts based on the
symptoms.
2. About the Application

The application is to work for 12 hours in the day, that is, between 8 AM to 8 PM. The
helpline Centres are to be located at 6 places, 4 in Bengaluru, 1 in Mysore and one in
Mangalore.
3. Two Tier System

Apthamitra is a two-tier system. In the first tier the application is manned by AYUSH
professionals, nurses or student volunteers. In the second tier, the app is managed by
MBBS professionals, volunteer doctors and AYUSH doctors.
4. Significance
The application aims to reach people at low risks of COVID-19 and counsel them for self-
quarantine. Also, it will help to follow up low risk cases till they are cured completely. It
will also help to identify people in hotspot areas that have influenza like symptoms,
COVID-19 symptoms or Severe Acute Respiratory Infection.
272. Feluda: COVID-19 test developed by CSIR-IGIB scientists
The IGIB (Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology) operating under CSIR (Council of
Scientific and Industrial Research) have come up with a COVID-19 test called “Feluda”.
1. Highlights
The test has been named after a detective character in the stories of film maker Satyajit
Ray. The total time taken by the test to produce results is 1 hour.
2. About the test

The test starts the same way as that of the Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-
PCR), that is, extraction of RNA (Ribo Nucleic Acid) and converting into deoxyribonucleic
acid (DNA). The highly specific FnCAS9 and CRISPR binds to the sequence. These binding
agents then give positivity or negativity results based on the presence of COVID-19.
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3. Advantages
In RT-PCR tests, primers and probes are used to convert RNA to DNA. They amplify the
presence of viral nucleic acid. However, in order to achieve this confirmation, the
expensive RT-PCR machines are required. This is not so in the case of Feluda. Hence,
Feluda is much cheaper and feasible.
273. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crimes launches series under
Education for Justice initiative
On April 22, 2020, the United Nations Office of Drugs and Crimes launched online
dialogues with students and educators on COVID-19.
1. Highlights
The organization has launched “Lockdown Learners’ Series” under Education for Justice
Initiative. The series aims to sensitize students on the issues such as misinformation,
cybercrime, gender-based violence, corruption among others.
2. Background
Due to lock down in India, schools have been closed. This has brought the academic
sessions of 2020 to a halt. GoI has ordered the schools to promote all students till Class
VIII without annual exams. Hence, these initiatives like Education for Justice will act as a
common platform for both teachers and students.
3. Education for Justice

The Education for Justice initiative was launched by the United Nations Office on Drugs
and Crimes to teach next generation about crime prevention and address problems
under law.
4. Need
There are more than 1.52 billion youth and children out of school in the current situation.
This is 87% of the student population all over the world. Around 60.2 million teachers are
not in class rooms.
274. World Bank: Decline of Money sent by Migrant Workers by 110

billion USD
On April 22, 2020, the World Bank announced that the amount of money sent back by
the migrant workers to their home countries is to decrease by 110 billion USD.
1. Highlights
Due to the COVID-19 lock down, the remittances to low-income and middle-income
countries are to fall by 20%. The decline in remittance is the highest in the history. This
is greater than 2008 financial crisis.
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2. Migrant Workers
The major regions of the world receiving remittances from Migrant workers include sub
Saharan Africa, South Asia, South America.
3. Implications
These remittances helped countries alleviate poverty, improve nutrition and reduce child
labour.
4. International Labour Organization

According to ILO, the migrant workers account to 258 million in the world.
275. PV Sindhu named as ambassador in the Badminton World

Federation campaign
On April 22, 2020, the World champion P V Sindhu was named the ambassador of the
campaign “I am Badminton”. The campaign was launched by Badminton World
Federation (BWF).
1. About the Campaign

The campaign provides platform for the badminton players to advocate and commit to
honest and clean play. It also helps the players to express their love and respect for the
game.
2. P V Sindhu
P V Sindhu is an Indian professional badminton player. She rose to world rank 2 in 2017.
Miss Sindhu is the first Indian to become Badminton World Champion.
3. Badminton World Federation

The Badminton World Federation is an international governing body of the badminton
sport. It was founded by 1934 and has been recognized by the International Olympic
Committee. This means one can enter Olympics through games of BWF as well.
276. ICMR: Pooled Testing only in areas of less than 5% COVID-19

prevalence
On April 22, 2020, the Indian Council of Medical Research announced that pooled testing
can be done only in areas where the COVID-19 prevalence is less than 5%. Also, the
ICMR has instructed that not more than 5 samples shall be pooled. This is done to
improve the efficacy of pooled testing
1. What is pooled testing?

Pooled testing is putting swab samples obtained from several people that might be
exposed to COVID-19 and testing them all using one RT-PCR (Real Time-Polymerase
Chain Reaction) test kit.
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2. India’s stand in testing
The testing in India is less as compared to other countries. Between March 21, 2020 and
April 21, 2020, the following number of people were tested per 1000
3. Current Scenario
So far in India, Pooled testing has been adopted in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Uttar
Pradesh and Haryana. Though Andaman was the first Union Territory to adopt pool
testing, UP was the first state to adopt the methodology.
277. NASA: Air Pollution in India at 20 year low
On April 22, 2020, NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) announced
that Air Pollution in India has reached 20 year low.
1. Highlights
According to the data published by NASA, the Aerosol Optical Depth in 2020 has been
the least as compared to the average of 2016 to 2019. Aerosol Optical Depth is
absorption of light by airborne particles in the atmosphere. When the aerosols are near
the surface, the optical depth of 1 or above indicate hazy conditions.
2. Aerosol Optical Depth

The aerosols are particles in atmosphere released due to anthropogenic activities such
as industries, vehicles and natural events such as dust storms, fires, etc. The presence
of Aerosols in the atmosphere is also affected by particulate matter in the atmosphere.
278. BRO constructs permanent bridge across Ravi river
The Border Roads Organization has completed the construction of permanent bridge
across Ravi river. The Kasowal bridge will help Punjab farmers to transport their harvest
comfortably.
1. Highlights
The construction of the bridge has been completed well ahead of time. The bridge was
constructed by BRO under Project Chetak. The cost of construction of the bridge is Rs
17.89 crores.
2. Ravi River
The Ravi river is a transboundary river. It is also known by the name Iravati. The riparian
states of the river include Himachal Pradesh and Punjab. The non-riparian states include
Jammu and Kashmir, Haryana and Rajasthan. Under the Indus Water Treaty 1960, the
waters of Ravi and other five rivers are divided between India and Pakstan.
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3. Indus Water Treaty
The Indus Water Treaty is a water distribution treaty between India and Pakistan. The
treaty was brokered by World Bank. It was signed in Karachi. According to the treaty, the
eastern rivers of India Ravi, Beas and Sutlej were given to India and the waters of
western rivers of India Indus, Chenab and Jhelum were given to Pakistan.
279. Lebanon: First Arab Country to legalize Marijuana cultivation
On April 23, 2020, Lebanon became the first Arab country to legalize marijuana
cultivation. This has been done by the Lebanese Parliament in order to boost the export
of marijuana.
1. Highlights
The cannabis plant has been farmed illegally in Lebanon in the fertile Bekaa Valley.
Today the country has legalized marijuana cultivation for industrial and medical
purposes to cope with the economic crisis that is being faced by the country.
2. Golden Crescent
The Golden Crescent includes three countries namely Iran, Pakistan and Afghanistan.
Together they form a crescent in the map and hence the name Crescent.
3. Golden Triangle
The Golden Triangle includes Thailand, Myanmar and Laos where the regions meet at
the confluence of Ruak and Mekong river and hence forming a golden triangle.
280. Alternative Academic Calendar released by Ministry of HRD
On April 23, 2020, the Ministry of Human Resources and Development has released an
alternative academic calendar for the primary and upper primary classes, that is till
Class VIII.
1. Highlights
The calendar has been prepared by the NCERT guided by the Ministry of HRD. The aim of
the calendar is to keep students engaged meaningfully during their stay at home with
the help of parents and teachers.
2. Role of Teachers in the initiative

The Calendar provides guidelines to the teachers to use social media tools and
technological tools to impart education to children in innovative ways. For parents
without the knowledge of smart phones, internet, social media, the guidelines instruct
teachers to use SMS facilities or voice calls.
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3. About the Calendar
The Calendar contains week-wise plans with challenging and interesting activities. Above
all, the learning outcomes of the initiative are mapped. It also consists of activities such
as yoga, exercises, pre-vocational skills, etc. The Calendar mainly covers four languages
namely, English, Hindi, Urudu and Sanskrit.
281. April 23: English Language Day; Spanish Language Day
Every year, April 23 is celebrated as English Language Day. The Spanish Language Day
is celebrated on the same day as well. English is one of the two working languages of the
United Nations. The Day is also celebrated as World Book Day.
1. Highlights
The Day is celebrated as English Language Day to observe both birth and death
anniversary of William Shakespeare. The day is an initiative by the Department of Global
Communications. Language Days are observed for each of the six official languages of
the UN.
2. Other Language Days

The other official language days celebrated by the United Nations are as follows
3. Spanish Language Day

The Spanish Language Day was established by UNESCO (United Nations Educational,
Scientific and Cultural Organization)
April 24, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
282. DRDO Mobile COVID-19 Testing Lab inaugurated by Defence

Minister
On April 24, 2020, Defence Minister Raj Nath Singh inaugurated mobile COVID-19 testing
laboratory facility. The facility is capable of testing 1000 samples in a day.
1. Highlights
The Mobile Virology Research and Diagnostics Laboratory (MVRDL) was developed by
DRDO in association with the ESIC Hospital in Hyderabad. The laboratory was set up in
15 days and is of Bio Safety level 2 and Bio Safety level 3. It has been built complying
ICMR and WHO Bio Safety Standards.
2. What are Bio-Safety Levels?

There are four Bio-Safety Levels (BSL) followed in Indian Standards. They comply to WHO
guidelines. They are BSL-1, BSL-2, BSL-3 and BSL-4.
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3. Bio-Safety Level 1
The BSL-1 laboratories are used to study infectious agents, toxins. They do not require
special equipment or design features.
The BSL-2 laboratories study moderately infectious agents. These laboratories should
include hand washing sinks, doors that close automatically and lock in case of accidents
and eye washing stations.
The BSL-3 laboratories should hold controlled and directional air flow. They should have
equipment to decontaminate laboratory waste, incinerators based on the biological risk
assessment.
The BSL-4 laboratories are those that pose high risks of aerosol transmitted infections.
These examine life threatening infections for which no vaccines are available. Significant
training is required to access these laboratories.
283. SC on anti-narcotics law: Quantity will determine punishment not

Purity
On April 23, 2020, the Supreme Court of India pronounced that it is the quantity of the
banned drug mixture that will decide the punishment of the offender and not the purity.
The clarification was given by the apex court under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic
Substances Act.
1. Highlights
In order to determine whether the drugs are in “small or commercial quantity”, the
neutral substance in the mixture is to be included along with actual weight. This is being
clarified by the court as according to the Narcotics Drugs and Psychotropic Substances
act, the punishment for possessing commercial quantity of drugs is more than that of
smaller quantity.

In illegal drug markets, the drugs are adulterated or mixed with other substances. This is
done to reduce the vaporizing rates of heroin. They add chalk powder, zinc oxides and
other cheaper but more dangerous impurities.
3. Narcotics Drugs and Psychotropic Act, 1985

The act prohibits a person to manufacture, produce, cultivate, possess, purchase, store,
transport or consume narcotic drugs. Under the act, the GoI can constitute Narcotic
Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Consultative Committee to provide advise on
matters relating to administration of the act. The committee shall consist of maximum of
20 members.
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284. IIFPT to manufacture and supply nutrient-rich food
The Indian Institute of Food Processing Industry (IIFPT) operating under Ministry of Food
Processing Industry has been manufacturing nutrient rich food for COVID-19 patients.
1. Highlights
The institute is supplying bread loves that are enriched with moringa leaves. It has also
produced whey protein that constitutes 9.8% of protein and 8.1% of fiber. Also,
immunity boosters such as turmeric, garlic, ginger and pepper are added. The institute
has also produced rusks that consists of 12.85% protein and 10.61% fiber.
2. IIFPT
The IIFPT was initially called the Indian Institute of Crop Processing Technology. It was
founded as a Research and Development Complex in 1967, mainly for rice. Later in
1972, the institute got upgraded to Paddy processing research centre. Finally, in 2008
the institute became a national institute and was renamed as Indian Institute of Crop
Processing Technology and now called IIFPT.
285. “Khongjom Day” commemorated by Manipur
On April 23, 2020, the state of Manipur commemorated Khongjom Day. The day is
marked to pay tribute to the warriors who fought in the 1891 Anglo-Manipur war.
1. Anglo-Manipur War
The Anglo-Manipur was an armed conflict between the British Government and the
Kingdom of Manipur. The war was fought between 31 March and 27 April of 1891. It
resulted in the victory of British.
2. Khongjom War Memorial Complex

The Complex is a historical site that holds the tallest sword statute in the world. The site
was constructed in remembrance of the brave souls who fought in the war. The place is
one of the greatest tourist attractions in the North East.
286. April 24: International Day of Multilateralism and Diplomacy for

Peace
Every year April 24 is marked as the International Day of Multilateralism and Diplomacy
for Peace. It was first observed on April 24, 2019.
1. Highlights
The day is marked by the United Nations. It aims to preserve values of international
cooperation and multilateralism, based on which the UN Charter and 2030 Sustainable
Development Goals are framed. Also, the day is marked to promote and support three
pillars of the United Nations. They are peace and security, human rights and
development.
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2. Background
United Nations was established in 1945 after second world war based on one central
mission, which is international peace and security.
3. 2020
This year, the International Day of Multilateralism and Diplomacy for Peace considers
COVID-19 as the biggest challenge since the world war. This year the day is being
marked to spread the importance of multilateralism to win over the combat against
COVID-19. This is to be achieved by identifying common opportunities of the countries.
287. COVID-19: Hike in Dearness Allowance for the year 2021 put on
hold
The Government of India on April 23, 2020, put on hold to the hike in dearness
allowance. This is being done by the union government to save Rs 1 lakh crore.
1. Highlights
The hold in the hike of dearness allowance applies only to central government
employees and pensioners. Currently, the central government employees are receiving
Dearness Allowance at 17% of their salary. The Government had planned to increase the
allowance by 4%.
2. What is Dearness allowance?

Dearness Allowance is received by pensioners and government employees. The DA is
revised twice every year in the month of July and January. The allowance is provided to
the employees and pensioners to compensate inflation.
3. History
The concept of Dearness Allowance was introduced during World War II. In India the
Dearness Allowance was introduced as Old Textile allowance in 1947. It was then
reintroduced as Revised Textile Allowance in 1953. DA was first linked to wage revision
of employees. It was later linked to the Consumer Price Index.
288. Tianwen 1: China’s first Mars Exploration Mission
On April 24, 2020, the Chinese National Space Administration (CNSA) named its first
Mars Exploration mission as Tianwen 1. The CNSA also announced that henceforth all the
planetary missions are to be named as Tianwen series.
1. Highlights
The announcement comes on April 24 as China has been celebrating its National Space
Day on April 24 since 2016.
2. National Space Day of China

China celebrates its Space Day to mark the launch of its first satellite Dongfanghong-1.
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3. Tianwen
Tianwen means Heavenly Questions. The Chinese Mars mission includes orbiting, landing
and roving on the planet mars. Earlier in 2011, China attempted to send its exploratory
probe called Yinghuo-I in a Russian spacecraft. However, the spacecraft was declared
lost after it burnt during its re-entry.
4. World Mars Missions

So far countries such as India, Russia, European Union and United States have
succeeded in sending missions to Mars. India’s mars mission was named “Mangalyaan”.
It was launched in 2013 by ISRO. India was the fourth country in the world to reach Mars
after Russia, USA and European Union.
289. E-Gram Swaraj Application and Portal launched
On April 24, 2020, PM Narendra Modi launched E-Gram Swaraj application and 2 portals
to accelerate pace of development in villages.
1. Highlights
The application will help panchayats to complete development projects in villages. It will
accelerate project in villages starting from planning to completion.
2. Benefits
The portal will act as a single platform to implement Gram Panchayat Development Plan.
Every information related to the rural areas will be found in E-Swaraj website and also on
mobile application.
3. Swamitva Scheme
The scheme aims to provide an integrated property validation solution to rural India. In
order the demarcate the lands, the Ministry of Panchayati Raj is to use drone technology.
The ministry is to be joined by State Revenue Department, Panchayati Raj Department
and Survey of India. The scheme is to be initially launched in six states namely
Karnataka, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Uttarakhand and Madhya Pradesh.
4. Background
The initiatives have been launched by the Prime Minister to celebrate Panchayati Raj
Day.
290. April 24: National Panchayati Raj Day
Every year, Indian Government celebrates April 24 as National Panchayati Raj Day. The
day is also called National Local Self Government Day.
1. Highlights
The National Panchayati Raj Day was first declared by the then PM Manmohan Singh in
2010. The day is being marked every year by the Ministry of Panchayati Raj.
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2. 2020
In the year 2020, on the eve of National Panchayati Raj Day, PM Modi launched the E-
Gram Swaraj application and portal. Also, he launched the Swamitva scheme to
integrate lands and reduce land disputes. The scheme was launched in 6 states. The
portal and application were launched to develop the villages in the country.
3. Why April 24?

The 73rd Constitutional Amendment came into effect on April 24. The amendment gave
constitutional status to the Panchayati Raj System
291. Inter-Ministerial Committee constituted by Government of India
On April 24, 2020, the Government of India constituted Inter-Ministerial Committee to

assess violations of lock down in the states of Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Maharashtra and
Telangana.
1. Highlights
The Government of India has constituted inter-ministerial teams, 2 for Gujarat, one for
each Tamil Nadu, Telangana and Maharashtra. The teams will make on-spot assessment
of violations of lock down in the country.
2. Legislation
The committees have been constituted under the Section 35 of Disaster Management
Act, 2005. Section 35 (1) empowers the Union Government to take all measures that it
feels is important.
292. NOOR: Iran’s first military satellite launched successfully
Iran recently launched its first military satellite. The satellite is to orbit at 425 km. This
has increased tensions between US and Iran amidst COVID-19 crisis.
1. Highlights
The Iran Revolutionary Guards Corps, IRGC launched the satellite. Iran has used Ghased
or Messenger satellite launcher to put the satellite in its orbit. Tensions increased when
countries learnt that the technology used to launch the satellite was previously unheard
as it used both solid and liquid fuel.
2. US-Iran tensions
In 2015, Iran signed the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action with US, France, UK, China,
Germany and Russia. According to the plan, the nuclear usage and weapon production of
Iran was cut down. The US walked out of the deal recently claiming Iran has violated the
nuclear agreement.
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293. DST develops advanced mapping tool to map nano-mechanical
materials
The Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials operating
under Department of Science and Technology has developed Nano Blitz 3D.
1. Highlights
The Nano Blitz 3D is a tool that is used for mapping nano mechanical properties. The tool
shall be used to map nano materials such as multi-phase alloys, multi-layered coatings
and composites.
2. About the mapping

The mapping tool offers more than 10,000 data points. The data is processed using
Machine Learning algorithms.
3. Benefits
The tool can be used to establish structure property linkages. This can help to develop
hierarchical materials. This in turn helps in the development of Integrated Computational
Material Engineering (ICME).
4. ICME
It is an approach to understand how material structures are produced, how these
structures give rise to material properties and finally how to select an ideal material for
an application.
294. ANTHURIUM: 10 Varieties of the high market value, AIR PURIFYING

flower developed
A woman innovator from Kerala, Vasini Bai has developed 10 varieties of Anthurium
flower. The flower has high market value for its major usage as an indoor decorative. As
the innovator was unable to meet high demand of highly time-consuming technique, the
National Innovation Foundation has stepped in.
1. Highlights
The National Innovation foundation has facilitated mass multiplication and large- scale
production of four of the high demand varieties. This is to be done at the Indian Institute
of Horticultural Research, Bangalore. The institute is to adopt cross tissue culture
technique to develop the flowers.
2. Anthurium
The Anthurium flowers have gained their significance lately for their purification
qualities. They purify the surrounding air. Also, they remove harmful airborne chemicals
such as ammonia, formaldehyde, toluene, allergens and xylene.
3. NASA
NASA has placed the plant under the list of air purifier plant.
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4. National Innovation Foundation
The National Innovation Foundation operates under Department of Science and
Technology. It was set up in February 2000 to provide support to the grass roots
innovations in the country. The most popular IGNITE annual competition is organized by
National Innovation Foundation.
295. UNCTAD cancels 1 trillion USD debts owed by developing countries
The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) has announced
that it is to cancel over 1 trillion USD of debt owed by developing countries.
1. Highlights
According to the UNCTAD, over 64 low-income countries spend more on debts than their
health systems. They are now struggling with growing debt burden to plummet prices of
oil, weakening of local currencies and exports. On the other hand, they have COVID-19
crisis to address health issues.
2. Key Findings
According to UNCTAD, the high-income countries have debt obligations between 2 trillion
USD and 2.3 trillion USD in 2020. The middle- and low-income countries have debt
obligations between 700 billion USD and 1.1 trillion USD.
3. G20
Similar steps were taken by the G20 countries as well. The G20 groupings agreed to
suspend bilateral debt payments by the poorest countries of the world till the end of the
year. The G20 grouping has called for “Global Debt Deal” that will grant one-year debt
standstill. After one year, the developing world shall pay back the debt with interest.
April 25, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
296. 19 Interstellar Asteroids discovered between Jupiter and Neptune
The Brazilian Astronomers have discovered 19 new asteroids between the Jupiter and
the Neptune. The astronomers believe that they joined the solar system 4.5 billion years
ago.
1. Highlights
As the universe began to expand, the sun was born and the gravity of the growing sun
sucked these asteroids into the solar system. These asteroids once belonged to another
star and are now orbiting between Jupiter and Neptune. The asteroids are orbiting in a
plane perpendicular to the planetary motion. They are now a part of “Centaurs” orbiting
the sun. Centaurs are group of asteroids between Neptune and Jupiter.
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2. Oumumua
The Oumuamua was discovered in 2017. The asteroid according to the astronomers
have come from the star called Vega in the constellation Lyra.
3. Significance
Investigating interstellar objects help to learn about other star systems in the universe.
These astronomical objects travelling between star systems pick up materials along their
ways.
297. PRACRITI: IIT-Delhi develops dashboard to predict COVID-19 cases

before 3 weeks
Researchers from IIT Delhi have developed web-based dashboard to predict the spread
of COVID-19 in India. The dashboard has been named PRACRITI-Prediction and
Assessment of Corona Infections and Transmissions in India.
1. Highlights
The dashboard provides detailed district-wise and state-wise predictions of COVID-19.
The dashboard provides basic reproduction number “R naught”. R0 is the number of
people that the virus spreads to from a single infected person.
2. About the dashboard

The dashboard divides mathematical model into four classes namely exposed,
susceptible, infected and removed. Susceptible are those people that are not exposed to
the virus. Exposed are those people that are exposed to the infected person. Infected
are those that are infected by the virus and removed are those that are no longer the
carrier of the virus.
3. Significance
The dashboard will help in better governance of COVID-19. It will help governments to
frame their policies.
298. April 25: World Malaria Day
Every year, on April 25, the World Malaria Day is being marked by several international
organizations including World Health Organization. This year, the day is being marked
under the theme
1. Highlights
The World Malaria Day is marked to mobilize resources to control Malaria, to keep
Malaria high on political agenda and to empower communities to prevent malaria.
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2. Background
Between 2000 and 2014, the number of people that died of Malaria fell by 40%
worldwide. However, the World Malaria Report, 2019, says that more than a billion
people died of malaria in 2018. Malaria remains a potential threat to the poor and the
vulnerable.
3. Global public Health Campaigns of WHO

Malaria is one of the eight global public health campaigns that are marked by the WHO.
The other 7 campaigns are World Tuberculosis Day, World AIDS Day, World Hepatitis
Day, World No Tobacco Day, World Immunization Week, World Blood Donor Day and
World Health Day.
299. Finance Commission: States shall use FRBM clause to fight COVID-
19
On April 24, 2020, the Finance Commission has advised the state governments to use
the clauses of FRBM (Fiscal Responsibility) act in order to raise additional resources to
fight against COVID-19.
1. Centre and State FRBM

The states have their own FRBM act. The main similarities between the centre and state
FRBM is that the limit of fiscal deficit is 3% and the governments can raise the deficit up
to 50 basis points. The State governments have been advised to use this clause. With
this permissible amount of fiscal deficit, the state governments will have funds in hand.
2. Issues identified by the Finance Commission

The Finance Commission has identified the following possible issues during the meeting
with its advisory council
300. GoI boosts Rural Development schemes
On April 24, 2020, the Union Minister of Agriculture and Family Welfare Shri Narendra
Singh Tomar held video conference with State rural development ministers. During the
meet, the minister shared plan of GoI to boost rural development scheme
1. Highlights
The following schemes are to be boosted under rural development programme
2. Funds Allocated
The Ministry of Rural Development has so far released Rs 36,000 crores to the states
and union territories for the year 2020-21. The scheme of MGNREGA has been allocated
with Rs 20, 225 crores. However, the funds are to be used to clear the outstanding dues
of MGNREGA scheme in the previous year.
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301. April 25: International Delegate’s Day
On April 25, 2020, for the first time, the United Nations marked the International
Delegate’s Day. The Day is being marked to celebrate the 75th anniversary of San
Francisco Conference.
1. San Francisco Conference

On April 25, 1945, delegates from 50 countries came together in San Francisco for the
first time. The main aim of the conference was to come together to restore world peace
and impose rules post world war. More than 850 delegates participated in the
conference. They represented 80% of the world population.
2. Significance
Delegates are the back bone of the United Nations. They bring life to the organization
and hence it is important to recognize their role. The delegates to the United Nations
represent their concerned countries and are appointed by the country.
3. Role of Delegates
The United Nations has adopted the resolution 73/286 to recognize the crucial role
played by the delegates. These delegates live up to the goals of United Nations, that is,
to maintain international peace, promote effective multilateralism and encourage
respect for fundamental freedom and human rights. The delegates negotiate
agreements with the other member countries, coordinate with their countries and follow
interests of the governments they serve.
302. Hubble Space Telescope: NASA’s longest living Space Telescope

celebrates 30th anniversary
On April 24, 2020, NASA celebrated its 30 years of launch of Hubble Space Telescope. It
is one of the longest living Space Telescopes in the world.
1. About Hubble Space Telescope

The Hubble Space Observatory is run in partnership with European Space Agency. The
telescope has played a crucial role in the discovery of accelerating expansion of the
cosmos. Also, it was Hubble Telescope that gave the evidence of existence of black
holes in the centres of the galaxy.
2. Significance
The Telescope has its own unique design to be repaired and upgraded by the astronauts.
This unique feature of the telescope has kept it alive throughout the technological
upgradations since its launch. It is the longest living space telescope on the earth.
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3. Cosmic Reef
On its 30th anniversary, the Hubble Telescope captured a Cosmic Reef. The Cosmic Reef
is a group of stars that has an appearance of a coral reef undersea. Each star in the
group is ten times the size of the sun. The stars are in a nebula. Nebula is a giant cloud
of gas and dust. The nebula is formed due to the dust emitted from these stars. They are
large Magellanic Clouds.
303. World Immunization Week
Every year, last week of April is marked as the World Immunization Week. The Week is
celebrated to increase awareness of immunization. This year, the week is being marked
under the theme
1. Immunization
According to the World Health Organization, immunization can help protect from 25
different infectious disease-causing agents or diseases. The World Immunization is one
of the eight official Global Public Campaigns organized by the World Health Organization.
2. Global Public Campaigns

The Global Public Campaigns of the WHO include World Health Day, World Tuberculosis
Day, World Blood Donor Day, World No Tobacco Day, World Malaria Day, World AIDS
Day, World Hepatitis Day and World Immunization Week.
3. First Immunization
The first vaccine developed to immunize against diseases was the small pox vaccine. It
was developed by an English Physician Edward Jenner in 1796.
4. 2020 Campaign
This year, during the World Immunization Week, the following are to be focused
304. Banking Services made Public Utility Services
The Government of India has declared banking industry as public utility service till
October 21. The order has been issued under provisions of Industrial Disputes Act.
1. Highlights
The banking services have been brought under the Industrial Disputed Act in order to
prevent strikes by the employees of banking sector. The order has been passed by the
labour ministry.
2. Industrial Disputes Act

The Industrial Disputes act, 1947 regulates Indian labour laws. The main objective of the
act is to secure harmony and peace in the work culture of Indian Industries. The act
applies only to organized sector.
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3. Path of the order
The order was initiated by Ministry of Finance and has then gone to Reserve Bank of
India for clarification. Finally, the order was passed and implemented by the Ministry of
Labour.
4. Reasons for the order

There are several decisions of the government that the bank unions do not agree. For
instance, several bank unions protested against the bank mergers. The unions did not
agree to the merger as they believed that consolidation of banks will lead to closing
down of branches.
5. Public Utility Services

The Public Utility Services are those services that operate as public service corporation.
They provide essential services such as telephones, electricity, natural gas, postal
services and water.
305. Scientific Disposal of COVID-19 waste by National Green Tribunal
The National Green Tribunal has directed the states and the union territories to closely
monitor the transport, handling, storage and disposal of COVID-19 waste.
1. Highlights
The Biomedical waste rules deal with waste generated by the infectious diseases.
However, special waste management rules have been issued by GoI to handle wastes of
COVID-19 waste.
2. Significance
An improper handling of biomedical waste shall pose grave threat to health of the people
and the environment. The unscientific way of handling the wastes of COVID-19 can turn
to be hazardous.
3. Guidelines by the Tribunal

The tribunal had directed that a high-level team such as CPCB, Jal Shakti, Defence,
Urban development supervise scientific disposal of COVID-19. Also, the state
governments and UTs were directed to follow Biomedical Waste Management Rules,
2016.
4. Suggestions of NGT
The following suggestions were provided by the NGT
306. Retired IAS Officer Sanjay Kothari appointed as Central Vigilance

Commissioner
On April 25, 2020, retired IAS officer Sanjay Kothari was sworn in as the Central Vigilance
Commissioner (CVC) at Rashtrapati Bhavan. He was sworn in by President Ram Nath
Kovind.
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1. Highlights
Mr Kothari acted as the secretary to the President of India. He was replaced by Mr Kapil
Dev Tripathi on April 20, 2020. Mr Tripathi is a 1980 batch IAS officer. He was appointed
as CVC in February, 2020.
2. About CVC appointment

Mr Sanjay Kothari was recommended by a high-level selection panel. The panel was
headed by Prime Minister. The CVC is appointed by President based on the
recommendation of the committee. The committee consists of Leader of Opposition,
Minister of Home Affairs.
3. Role of CVC
The Central Vigilance Commissioner carries out corruption investigations against
government officials. However, such investigations can be carried out only after
permission of the Government. The CVC cannot direct the CBI officials to initiate
inquiries. The CVC does not have powers to register criminal cases, rather can deal only
with vigilance and disciplinary cases.
4. Vigilance Awareness Week

The Vigilance Awareness Week is celebrated every year in the last week of October. This
is because it coincides with the birthday of Sardar Vallabhai Patel.
307. What are Immunity Passports that are warned against by WHO?
The World Health Organization has recently warned against issuance of immunity
passports. The organization is against the concept as there is no evidence till now that
people who have recovered from COVID-19 or developed antibodies will not get infected
again.
1. What are Immunity Passports?

Immunity passports are provided to persons that have been recovered from COVId-19
and has tested positive to hold antibodies against the disease. The presence of
antibodies according to immunity passports say that the person will not get infected by
COVID-19 again.
2. What are the issues?

Though the idea of immunity passports has not been implemented widely, several
organizations are opposing on adopting the idea. This is because, it is unknown that how
long the antibodies formed against the COVID-19 lasts in human body. Also, it is
unknown if this strain of virus is similar to that of the other strains such as MERS (Middle
East Respiratory Syndrome) and SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory System).
3. Why Immunity Passports?

The countries that have imposed lock down are now trying to return to normalcy. It
would be convenient for the countries when the citizens hold such a pass like that of the
immunity passport. This will help in restricting movement of people actually infected and
allow others to lead a normal life.
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308. NAFED to distribute 6 lakh metric tonnes of pulses under PM Garib

Kalyan Ann Yojana
The National Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation of India (NAFED) is to

distribute 6 lakh metric tonnes of pulses to around 20 crore house holds under Pradhan
Mantri Garib Kalyan Ann Yojana. The work is to be undertaken by the scheme for 3
months.
1. Highlights
Under the Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Ann Yojana, every household is to receive 1
kilogram of pulses. The operation includes obtaining un-milled pulses from godowns,
cleaning them and sending them to the states for distribution through the Public
Distribution System. The NAFED under the scheme is to distribute more than 5.88 lakh
metric tonnes of pulses.
2. National Food Security Act

The pulses are distributed under the National food Security Act. The act was introduced
by GoI in 2013. The main aim of the act was to provide subsidized food grains to the
citizens. The annual allocation of food grains under NFSA is 610 Lakh tonnes. The act is
in line with sustainable goal of the United Nations. It is Goal 2 that aims to end hunger
by 2030
3. Current Scenario
Currently, around 100 Dal mills have been pulled into service. Around 17 state sand
union territories have started the distribution of pulses. This includes Assam, Andhra
Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, Rajasthan,
Odisha, Sikkim and Tamil Nadu.
April 26, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
309. What is “Ball Tampering” that is being considered by ICC recently?
The International Cricket Council (ICC) is considering to legalize ball tampering.
1. Context of the News

The ICC is considering to use an artificial substance under the supervision of umpires to
polish cricket balls as applying saliva risks the spread of COVID-19. The use of artificial
substance has been banned in cricket.
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2. What is ball tampering?
Ball Tampering is an action in which the player of the fielding team in cricket illegally
alters the condition of the ball. It is done to achieve favourable bowling conditions
against the batsman. Using sweat or spit to remove the mud or to polish the ball is
common and is allowed.
3. Why is sweat or spit used?

The sweat or spit is used to make the ball look shiny. The technique is used by the
bowlers after the ball gets older, mostly after 35 overs. The sweat or spit is used to
make one side shiny and the other side rough.
4. Physics behind using sweat or spit

The swing of the ball depends on three factors namely climatic conditions, shiny side
and behaviour of the pitch. The science of shiny side is applied in using sweat or spit.
5. Legislation
Under subsection 3 of the Laws of Cricket the ball shall be polished without use of
artificial substances. It can be dried with towel to remove the mud in the ball.
April 27, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
310. April 26: International Chernobyl Disaster Remembrance Day
Every year on April 26, the International Chernobyl Disaster Remembrance Day is being
observed. The day was proclaimed by the United Nations and was first observed in 2016.
1. Highlights
The International Chernobyl Disaster Remembrance Day was first observed on the 30th
anniversary of 1986 nuclear disaster. It is being marked to increase awareness about the
risks of nuclear energy in general.
2. Chernobyl Disaster
On April 26, 1986, the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in today’s Ukraine faced a fore
explosion. The reactor began to emit radioactive materials. Though, the casualties are
minimal, the radioactive materials are still present in the atmosphere and are posing
challenges to human survival in the region. Due to the accident, several children even
today are facing thyroid, cancer in the regions of Ukraine, Russia and Belarus.
3. Significance
The fire explosion spread huge radioactive cloud over Russia, Ukraine and Belarus. More
than 8.4 million people were exposed to radioactive waves. In 1991, the Chernobyl Trust
Fund was created by the United Nations. It is now being managed by the OCHA-Office for
the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs.
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4. Role of United Nations
The United Nations that was formed for world peace after second world war is keen in
addressing nuclear issues after the Hiroshima and Nagasaki incident.
311. April 26: World Intellectual Property Day
Every year, the World Intellectual Property Day is marked on April 26 to encourage
creativity and innovation. The day was established by the World Intellectual Property
Organization (WIPO) in 2000. This year, the World Intellectual Property Day is being
marked under the theme
1. Significance
The day is marked to celebrate inventors and creators working towards green future.
They work towards fossil fuel-based alternatives.
2. History
The world Intellectual Property Day was first proposed by the Chinese Delegation of
WIPO. It was approved by the United Nations General Assembly in 1999.
3. World Intellectual Property Organization

The WIPO is one of the 15 United Nations Specialized agencies. It was created to protect
and promote intellectual property. Around 26 intellectual treaties are administered by
WIPO. The headquarters of WIPO is located in Geneva, Switzerland.
4. What are Specialized Agencies of United Nations?

The Specialized Agencies are autonomous organizations of the United Nations that were
created on behalf of the organization. These specialized agencies are authorized to carry
out functions on behalf of the United Nations. They include
5. What is Intellectual Property?

The Intellectual Property are creations that are related to artistic works, literary works,
symbols, images and names used in commerce.
312. GoI plans to reduce dependency for drug intermediates and APIs
The Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT) has collaborated with LAXAI Life
Sciences to produce Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients inside India. This will help to
reduce dependence of pharmaceutical sector on Chinese imports.
1. Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients

The Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients are also known as bulk drugs. They are the main
part of the drugs that produce intended effects
2. APIs in India
India is the third largest producer of API in the world. Around two-third of the API of India
are imported from China according to the data presented in Lok Sabha by the Ministry of
Chemicals and Fertilizers.
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3. India’s measures so far to reduce dependency
In March 2020, the Government of India had constituted a committee under
chairmanship of CDSCO (Central Drugs Standard Control Organization) director Mr
Eshwara Reddy. The committee had suggested a package to revive the API industry.
4. Why is India lagging in API?

Indian manufacturers of APIs should control pollution economically and also be
competitive at the same time. This is the main reason India is lagging behind China in
API manufacturing.
5. Why is China leading in API?

China in 2015 allowed relaxation in environmental norms till 2015. This was the main
reason for the API industry to boom in China. However, it created environmental
disasters in the country that forced China to close around 150 API manufacturers
between 2016 and 2018.
313. Herbal Decongestant Spray developed by CSIR
The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Botanical Research Institute

(CSIR-NBRI) has developed herbal decongestant spray. The spray is used to prevent
COVID-19 infection and to ease wearing masks.
1. Highlights
Wearing mask for a long time creates difficulty in breathing and congestion in
respiratory system. The herbal spray will help to address this problem.
2. What causes difficulty in wearing masks?

The main issue of wearing face mask is that the carbon dioxide gets accumulated in the
inner cavity of the mask. The accumulated carbon dioxide goes back to the lungs when a
person breathes. This creates difficulty in breathing when a person wears mask for a
long time.
3. Decongestant Spray
The spray has been created by blending four plant-based oil. The CSIR has not disclosed
the names of the plants due to issues related to intellectual property rights. The spray
has been prepared based on the guidelines of Ministry of AYUSH.
4. CSIR-NBRI
The NBRI is a Lucknow based laboratory that mainly focuses on botanical research work.
The institute is to transfer technology to Indian companies for commercial production.
The masks then produced with the spray are to be sent to the frontline workers fighting
against COVID-19.
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314. India sends HCQ and sterile surgical gloves to Bangladesh
On April 27, 2020, India sent 1 lakh Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) tablets, 50,000 sterile
surgical gloves and other emergency medical supplies to Bangladesh.
1. Highlights
Earlier, India had provided 15,000 head covers and 30,000 surgical masks to Bangladesh
in the first tranche of assistance under COVID-19 emergency funds. The HCQ tablets and
surgical gloves are the second tranche of medical supplies being provided under the
funds.
2. SAARC
Following SAARC video conference, the health representatives and trade representatives
of the SAARC grouping discussed about trade facilitations and also about exchanging
best practices to fight COVID-19 on April 8.
3. Role of AIIMS
The All India Institute of Medical Science held a webinar for the SAARC medical
professionals. During the webinar, the health professional at AIIMS shared their
knowledge in COVID-19 management and also in capacity building. The initiative is being
held under ITEC of India.
4. COVID-19 Emergency Fund

The fund was created by PM Modi with India contributing 10 million USD. Maldives and
Bhutan contributed 200,000 USD and 100,000 USD respectively towards the funds.
Pakistan had contributed 3 million USD. Bangladesh, Afghanistan and Nepal have
contributed 1.5 million USD each. So far, the funds accumulated is 21.8 million USD.
315. LIGO detects first merger of two unequal-mass black holes
The scientists of Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Laboratory (LIGO) have

recently recorded the first merger of black holes that were of unequal masses.
1. Highlights
The black holes were 20 and 40 times the mass of the sun. One of the black holes was
29.7 solar masses and the other was 8.4 solar masses. Though they are heavier and
uneven, they are the lowest-mass black holes recorded so far.
2. The Findings
Black holes revolve around each other. When the black holes are of equal masses, they
return to the same position after they complete their revolution in each of their
respective orbits. Therefore, in these cases, the black holes generate gravitational wave
frequency that is twice their orbital frequency. On the other hand, the black holes of
uneven masses produce additional (second) weaker gravitational wave frequency.
3. Solar Mass
Solar Mass is the standard of mass in astronomy that is used to indicate masses of other
masses. One solar mass is equal to 2×1030 Kg.
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316. Lucknow Medical Hospital first in the country to launch Plasma

Treatment Therapy
On April 27, 2020, the King George Medical University in Uttar Pradesh became the first
government hospital to launch plasma therapy to treat COVID-19. The first dose of
plasma therapy was given to a 58-year old patient.
1. Highlights
The Drug Controller General of India (DGCI) recently cleared the proposal of plasma
therapy that was submitted by ICMR. The DGCI nodded to use plasma from recovered
COVID-19 patients.
2. What is the process?

The patients recovered from COVID-19 generate IGM and IGG antibodies against the
virus. These antibodies are assessed from the samples of the donors through rapid tests.
The plasma collected from the volunteering donors are then transfused into patients that
are critically sick due to the virus.
3. Current Scenario
The states and union territories such as Delhi, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh have begun to
use plasma therapy treatment. However, King George Medical University is the first to
use the treatment in government hospital.
4. History of the therapy in India

In India, the plasma therapy had been used to treat diseases such as mumps, measles,
polio and flu. The treatment was used before vaccines were available. Plasma therapy
was used to heal 1703 patients of Spanish flu in 1918.
317. India seeks help from IMF and World Bank to fill data gaps
The Government of India has approached multilateral organizations such as World Bank
and International Monetary Fund (IMF) to find out methods that will help in preparing
economic indicators such as retail inflation, industrial production and economic growth.
1. Highlights
In today’s world Data Inadequacy has become a global phenomenon. Hence, the Ministry
of Statistics and Programme Implementation is making steps to collaborate with global
institutions to address the problem. The inadequate and deficient data might affect the
reliability and accuracy of the indicators.

The National Statistical Office that is the nodal agency in data collection in the country is
facing serious challenges to do its work amidst COVID-19 crisis. The most challenging is
the CPI (Consumer Price Index). This is mainly because more than 50% of the CPI is from
food items.
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3. Current Scenario
The NSO is collecting data through phones where shops are open. The officials
associated with the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation are giving data
based on their personal shopping.
318. Pakistan test fires anti-ship missiles successfully
The Pakistan Navy on April 25, 2020, had successfully test fired anti-ship missiles in the
North Arabian sea.
1. Highlights
The missiles were fired at sea level from by aircraft and warships from the surface ships.
The Pakistan Navy sends strong signals of readiness to encounter enemies upon the
success of the testing.
2. Anti-Ship Missiles
The Anti-Ship Missiles are those missiles that are used against large boats and ships. The
first anti-ship missiles were developed by Germany during the reign of Hitler.
3. Indian Anti-ship missiles

The anti-ship missiles possessed by India includes BrahMos, Nirbhay, Dhanush, BrahMos
II and BrahMos NG. BrahMos missiles were jointly developed by India and Russia.
319. Hydrogen Fuel Bus and car launched by NTPC
The National Thermal Power Corporation recently launched ten Hydrogen Fuel Cell based
buses and 10 similar electric cars.
1. Highlights
The buses and cars were launched in New Delhi and Leh. Similar proposal is under
implementation in Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
2. Other initiatives of NTPC

NTPC has been taking several such initiatives to provide e-mobility solution for public
transport. This includes providing charging infrastructure and electric bus to state and
city transport systems.
3. Why electric buses?

The initiative undertaken by NTPC to procure hydrogen fueled buses is to decarbonize
transport system in the country.
4. Hydrogen Fuel Cell

The Hydrogen Fuel Cell use chemical process to convert hydrogen rich fuel into
electricity. The main advantage of fuel cells is that they need not be charged frequently.
They produce electricity as long as the fuel is available
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5. Benefits
The major benefits of hydrogen fuel cells include high efficiency, low to zero emissions,
fuel flexibility, quiet operation, durability and energy security.
320. SIPRI: India one among top three military spender
On April 27, 2020, the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) released
its report on military spending of different countries in the world. According to the report,
US, China and India are the three top most military spenders in 2019.
1. Highlights
Following the three top military spenders in the world, Russia and Saudi Arabia were on
the fourth and fifth places respectively. The top three military spenders accounted to
62% of the world military expenditure. However, it is the first time in the history of the
report that 2 Asian countries have occupied the top positions.
2. Global military expenditure

The total military expenditure increased by 3.6% in 2019 as compared to 2018. In 2019,
the global expenditure spent was 2 trillion USD. This is the highest expenditure spent
since 2008 global financial crisis.
According to the report, the military expenditure of India increased due to its increasing
tensions with Pakistan over the Kashmir issue. In 2019, India has spent 71.1 billion USD
over its military. This has increased by 6.8% as compared to 2018.
4. Highlights: USA
According to the report, the US is driving the military spending in the world largely. In
2019, the US had spent 732 billion USD for military. This is 5.3% higher than that of
2018.
321. RBI announces Special Liquidity Mutual Funds worth Rs 50,000

crores
On April 27, 2020, the Reserve Bank of India announced the special liquidity facility for
mutual funds of Rs 50,000 crores. The Reserve Bank of India is increasing liquidity flow
in capital markets as COVID-19 has imposed liquidity strains on mutual funds.
1. Highlights
The Special Liquidity Facility for Mutual Funds (SLF-MF) is to conduct repo operations for
90 days. Under the scheme, the banks shall submit their bids on any days between
Monday and Friday.
2. Key Features
The Funds are to be used by the banks exclusively to meet the following liquidity
requirements
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3. Held to Maturity
The Held to Maturity are debt securities that are acquired to hold it till maturity. It is
usually recorded as amortized cost in the financial statements of a company.
322. Largest hole in the Ozone Layer closes by itself
The C3S (Copernicus Climate Change Service) and CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere
Monitoring Service) confirmed that the hole in the Ozone layer has healed itself.
1. Highlights
The hole was 1 million square kilometres wide above the Arctic. The hole was identified
by the scientists in March 2020. It was formed due to unusual climatic conditions.
2. How did the hole close?

The main reason for the hole to heal by itself is the polar vortex. Also, according to the
scientists the closure of the hole is not due to the reduced pollution levels due to COVID-
19 lock down.
3. Threats
The hole possessed greater threats. It was the largest pole that was found in the history
of Ozone layer. If the hole had moved towards south, it would have created catastrophic
results in the mid latitudes.
4. Polar Vortex
The Polar Vortex is a winter phenomenon. Polar Vortex is cyclonic circular winds that
blow in the stratosphere from west to east. Polar Vortex extends from tropopause
through the stratosphere and into the mesosphere. When the vorticity is high, values of
ozone is minimum and the temperature is at its highest cold. Thus, the hole has closed
as the vorticity has decreased.
5. Ozone Layer
The Ozone Layer is a shield in the earth’s stratosphere that protects the planet from the
harmful UV radiation from the sun.
323. Five of the North Eastern States become COVID-19 free
On April 27, 2020, five of the eight north east states namely Manipur, Nagaland, Sikkim,
Tripura and Arunachal Pradesh have become COVID-19 free. The other three states
namely Meghalaya, Assam and Mizoram have not reported new cases. This was
announced by the Union Minister Dr Jitendra Singh.
1. Highlights
The announcement was made during the union minister’s interaction with the officials of
the North Eastern Council, North Eastern Regional Agricultural Marketing Corporation
and Cane and Bamboo Technology Centre.
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2. Mortality Rate
The mortality rate due to COVID-19 in India was 3.1% as compared to 7% at global level.
Till date, 22% of the COVID-19 infected persons have recovered. This includes 5,913
people all over the country.
3. Funds
The Government of India has allocated Rs 25 crores for the North Eastern States in its
initial stage. The allocation was done well before lock down begun in the country.
4. North Eastern Council

The North Eastern Council was constituted in 1971 by the act called North Eastern
Council Act. The Council was formed as an advisory body to balance the development in
the North Eastern areas. The council also provides suggestions on socio-economic
development of the region.
April 28, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
324. WHO launches COVID-19 Tools (Act) Accelerator
The World Health Organization along with the other international leading organizations
such as Global Fund, UNTAID, CEPI, etc. has launched the COVID-19 Tools (Act)
Accelerator. The collaboration helps to speed up the development, production and
access to therapeutics, diagnostics and vaccines of COVID-19.
1. Highlights
The main of the collaboration is to make COVID-19 treatment available to both rich and
poor. The initiative has been launched based on the experience that during H1N1 Swine
Flu in 2009, the distribution of vaccines was not equitable. This was because only the
rich countries were able to purchase them.
2. US and WHO
The United States recently announced that it will stop its funding to WHO. The US
backed off accusing the organization being China-centric. China on the other hand,
donated 20 million USD in March and has now made an additional donation of 30 million
USD.
3. Funding to the United Nations

The United Nations is funded in two ways, one through mandatory payment and
voluntary contribution. The United Nations provided 22% of the general budget of the
organization and 28% of peacekeeping budget.
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325. Ruhdaar: Low Cost Mechanical Ventilator developed by IIT Bombay
Students from IIT Bombay, Islamic University of Science and Technology, NIT Srinagar
have come together to invent a low-cost ventilator called “Ruhdaar”.
1. About Ruhdaar
The cost of production of one ventilator is Rs 10,000. The design was initiated by the
first-year student of IIT Bombay from Kashmir. He began to design the ventilator after
learning that his home, the Kashmir Valley had only 97 ventilators in all.
2. Measures by GoI
In order to increase the number of ventilators in the country, the Government of India
has been implementing two-pronged approach. One is to increase domestic production
of ventilators and the other is to search for supplies from different parts of the world.
The latter option is challenging as ventilators are of high demand in every country.
3. Significance
The COVID-19 infection curve has begun to flatten and the outbreak is under control.
According to the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, around 80% of the Indian
population infected with COVID-19 are experiencing mild illness, 15% will need oxygen
support and only 5% will need ventilators. Though the numbers seem less, the demand
may increase as India currently consists of only 40,000 ventilators according to Health
Ministry. Therefore, it is essential to invent new models and become self-sufficient in
ventilators.
326. United Nations warns of “Hunger Crisis”
The United Nations recently has warned of “hunger pandemic” due to COVId-19. Apart
from COVID-19, the other factors that are to contribute to the crisis include wars in Syria,
crisis in Lebanon and desert locusts destroying crops in East Africa.
1. Highlights
The COVID-19 outbreak according to the organization is to starve more than 130 million
people. Also, the poor will be hit hard due to the decline in exports, tourism and collapse
in oil prices. Also, there is a huge decline in foreign aid.
2. UN Predictions
The UN says that around 300,000 people are expected to lose their lives due to lack of
food for a period of three months.
3. Need of the moment

The World Food Programme is currently in need of 1.9 billion USD in order to stockpile
food in countries that are at risk of starving. If not addressed, there are possibilities of
severe famines.
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4. World Food Programme
The WFP is the food assistance branch of United Nations. It is the largest humanitarian
organization that addresses hunger and promotes food security. It works to eradicate
hunger and malnutrition. It was established in 1961.
327. COVID Action Collab: Platform to test COVID-19 in Sewage
The COVID Action Collab is an initiative by group of experts. The main aim of the
initiative is to address issues created by the COVID-19 pandemic. It especially focuses on
the poor and the vulnerable. The organization is now to test sewage for the presence of
COVId-19 virus. Over 150 organizations have come together to make the initiative a
success.
1. Highlights
The COVID-19 patients shed the virus through stools and urine. Currently there are no
significant steps taken to detect the virus in sewage. Also, there are no significant
measures to segregate the wastes of COVID-19 infected persons. Even, in certain cities,
persons that are home quarantined and infected with COVID-19 do not have separate
waste collection system.
2. Benefits
The system being developed to detect COVID-19 in the sewage waste will also help to
identify COVID-19 patients that have not disclosed to the government. This is to be done
by mapping waste collection areas, narrowing down people infected with virus.
3. About COVID Action Collab

The main objective of the initiative COVID Action Collab is to diagnose COVID-19 early, to
prevent new infections and to treat the disease with care. The three main strategies of
the collaboration is as follows
328. WHO map includes Ladakh as Chinese Territory
The World Health Organization has recently showed the parts of Ladakh as Chinese
territory in its map. The region has been shown as dotted line and colour code. Also, the
regions of Jammu and Kashmir and Pakistan occupied Kashmir has been shown as dotted
line. Dotted line suggest that the region is a disputed territory.
1. Highlights
Many of the United Nations maps show parts of Kashmir as disputed region. However,
this is the first time a UN body has shown Ladakh region in different colour. This new
map of WHO differs from the standard depiction of the UN by not showing parts of
Jammu and Kashmir that are under actual control of India. The region that are actually
under the control of India has different colour.
168
2. India-China Border Issue
Pakistan had given up its power over the PoK (Pakistan Occupied Kashmir) in 1960s.
Today China occupies 37,000 square kilometre in Ladakh. Also, China included parts of
Arunachal Pradesh within its territory earlier this month.
3. Map of China
The Map of China till today was based on its 1989 edition of Sky Map. This map was
created after China sorted its border issues with Central Asian countries and Russia. The
Sky Map has now updated its geographic information claiming the Tibet region bordering
Bhutan and India. China also claims that Arunachal Pradesh is a part of South Tibet.
329. Exercise Pitch Black Cancelled
The biennial warfare exercise hosted by Royal Australian Air Force was cancelled due to
COVID-19 threats.
1. Exercise Pitch Black

The main aim of the exercise is to practice Defensive Counter Air combat and Offensive
Counter Air Combat. The exercise is held in Northern Australia. The first pitch black
exercise took place in June 1981.
2. History
In 1990, the exercise began its training including Singapore. Later on, slowly, it began to
spread to other international forces.
3. 2006
In 2006, for the first time, more countries participated in the exercise. It included
Thailand, Singapore, UK, US and Australia.
4. 2008
In 2008, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization also joined the exercise. The NATO was
formed in 1949. It is an intergovernmental military alliance between 30 North American
and European countries.
5. 2010
In 2010, New Zealand, Singapore and Thailand alone were the participants. The exercise
was then held in 2012, 2014, 2016 and also in 2018.
6. India in the exercise

In 2018, India participated in the exercise for the first time. Around 131 aircraft were
involved and more than 4,000 personnel participated in the exercise. This also included
Canada, France, Australia, Germany, Netherlands, Indonesia, Thailand, US, Malaysia.
7. India-Australia
The bilateral and defence relations between India and Australia has gone up in the
recent years. The countries jointly hold AUSINDEX, naval exercise with more than 1000
personnel participating in the exercise.
169
330. Guidelines to use Air Conditioners issued by Central Public Works

Department
The Central Public Works Department has issued guidelines to use air conditioners
during COVID-19 pandemic. The guidelines have been issued as Air conditioner usages
are to increase with the arrival of Summer in the country.
1. Highlights
The guidelines were prepared by the Indian Society of Heating Refrigerating and Air
Conditioner Engineers (ISHRAE). The association shared the guidelines with the Central
Public Works Department. The CPWD has made necessary changes and has issued to the
public.
2. The Guidelines
According to the guidelines, the ideal temperature to be maintained while operating an
air conditioning system is between 24 degree Celsius and 30 Degree Celsius. The
relative humidity should be maintained between 40% and 70%. The other guidelines are
as follows
331. April 28: World Day for Safety and Health at Work
Every year the World Day for Safety and Health at Work is observed on April 28. With
COVID-19 pandemic creating great challenges for governments, workers and employers,
this year the day is to focus on addressing outbreak of infectious diseases at work.
1. Highlights
The day aims to stimulate national tripartite dialogue that convened on safety and
health. The day is being observed by the International Labour Organization since 2003.
2. International Labour Organization

The celebration of the day is a part of Global Strategy on Occupational Safety and
Health. ILO also observes International Commemoration Day for Dead and Injured
Workers on April 28. This is being observed since 1996.
3. Significance
It is important to mark the day to address emerging risks at work. This includes risks in
new and emerging technologies and their production processes. For instance,
biotechnology and nanotechnology. Also, the day creates awareness about new working
conditions. This includes work intensification, higher work loads, challenging conditions
associated with migration.
4. Current Scenario
With COVID-19 creating crisis all over the world, it is important to bring about adequate
safety and health measures at work place. The collaboration of governments, workers
and employers both nationally and internationally is the only solution to handle COVID-
19.
170
332. International Financial Services Centre Authority established by GoI
The Government of India has established International Financial Services Centre

Authority. The headquarters of the authority is to be established in Gandhinagar,
Gujarat.
1. Highlights
The Authority was established through a notification. The notification issued by the GoI
brings into effect certain effects of IFSCA Act, 2019. The authority will regulate financial
markets in the International Financial Service Centres in India. The main function of the
authority is to regulate financial products such as contracts of insurance, deposits,
securities of the financial institutions that have been approved by regulators. The
regulators include RBI, SEBI, Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority,
IRDAI.
2. International Financial services Centres Authority

The authority consists of 9 members that are appointed by the Government of India. The
members are to have a term of three years. The members include Chairperson, two
members from Ministry of Finance, one each from RBI, SEBI, IRDAI and PFRDA and two
members based on the recommendation of search committee
3. International Financial Service Centre

The IFSC will provide fund raising services to corporates, individuals and governments. It
will also look into global tax management, wealth management, merger, risk
management operations, etc.
333. ADB approves 1.5 billion USD for India to fight COVID-19
On April 28, 2020, the Asian Development Bank approved 1.5 billion USD loan to support
the Indian Government in its actions against the spread of COVID-19 crisis. The fund is to
be used in disease containments, social protection and disease prevention.
1. Highlights
The loan sanctioned by the ADB is to be used for social protection of economically
vulnerable sections and the poor. Recently, ADB had approved 2.2 billion USD support
package for India. Apart from ADB, the AIIB (Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank) had
allocated 500 million USD to India to strengthen its health care system. The World Bank
has also announced 1 billion USD support to India.
2. AIIB
The AIIB began its operations in 2016. It aims to alleviate health care pressures, to
provide liquidity support and credit lines and finally to provide budgetary support to the
governments.
171
3. ADB
The Asian Development Bank was established in 1966 to promote social and economic
development in Asia. It was modeled so close to the World Bank. There were only 31
members at time of its establishment. However, currently there are more than 68
members.
334. BRICS Foreign ministers to attend COVID-19 meeting
The foreign ministers of the BRICS grouping are to discuss on measures to combat
COVID-19. External Affairs Minister Shri S Jaishankar is to represent India at the meet.
1. Highlights
The video conference is to be hosted by Russia as it is the current rotating head. The
ministers are to discuss possible joint measures to fight against the highly contagious,
fast spreading and dangerous COVID-19.
2. BRICS
BRICS was established in 2009 and is the acronym of the members Brazil, Russia, India,
China and South Africa. All the five BRICS members are the members of G20.
3. BRICS representations
The five members of the BRICS grouping contribute to 41% of the world population. The
combined GDP of the five countries as of 2018 was 18.6 trillion USD.
4. Why is BRICS important for India?

There is a huge tug of war between the super powers US and China-Russia. India is stuck
in the middle between the super powers. The BRICS platform is a good opportunity for
India to balance its relations between these super powers
335. Anti-Leprosy Drug Trials started by CSIR against COVID-19
The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research has started the trials of anti-leprosy
drug trials against COVID-19. The drug trial is to be conducted with the help of
Mycobacterium MW.
1. Highlights
The Mycobacterium MW is a heat killed bacteria. It is to be tried on different COVID-19
patients. The drug trial was approved by the Drug Controller General of India. One
particular strain of bacteria called the Mycobacterium MW is to be tried on several
COVID-19 patients. The drug has already proved its effectivity against leprosy.
2. Phytopharmaceuticals
The Phytopharmaceuticals are herbal medicines. They contain one or more plant
products as Active Ingredients. Phytopharmaceuticals are preferred to synthetic drugs as
their benefit-risk ratios are higher.
172
3. What is Mycobacterium MW?
Mycobacterium MW is a strain of mycobacterium. It is a non-pathogenic, non-specific
immune potentiating, rapidly growing atypical mycobacterium. This strain of bacteria
shares a common T and B cell determinants with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and
Mycobacterium leprae.
4. About the Trial

Along with CSIR Gujarat based pharma-giant Cadila Pharmaceuticals will also join the
Mycobacterium trial. The hospitals that are to participate in the trial includes AIIMS
Delhi, AIIMS Chandigarh and AIIMS Bhopal.
April 29, 2020
_____________________________________________________________________________
336. Jal Shakti Abhiyan: Monsoon steps begun
The Jal Shakti Abhiyan has taken all measures to boost the rural economy and combat
present health crisis created by COVID-19. Also, the scheme is to use large availability of
rural labour forces (due to lock down).
1. Highlights
The Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) had recently announced that the monsoon
rains in the country are to be normal. With this, the Jal Shakti Abhiyan had made
preparations to conserve water and recharge and replenish water sources.
2. Jal Shakti Abhiyan

The Jal Shakti Abhiyan was launched in 2019. So far, the scheme has covered over 256
water stressed districts in the country. It is the largest mass movement in India that
brings all stakeholders under one ambit. This is because more than 6 and half crore
people are part of it. This includes central government, state governments, Panchayati
raj institutions, etc.
3. MNREGS
The Ministry of Home Affairs recently allowed Mahatma Gandhi Rural Employment
Guarantee Scheme to work on water conservation and irrigation works. The Jal Shakti
Abhiyan will now use these forces as well.
337. India attends Petersberg Climate Dialogue
On April 28, 2020, Union Minister of Environment, Forest and Climate change Shri
Prakash Javadekar attended the 11th session of “Petersberg Climate Dialogue”
representing India.
173
1. Highlights
The dialogue was hosted by Germany. It was co-chaired by United Kingdom. Over 30
countries participated in the dialogue. The dialogue discussed about measures to tackle
COVID-19, save lives and to overcome social and economic consequences of the
disease. It also discussed about the preparatory steps in moving into the implementation
phase of Paris Agreement.
2. India at the dialogue

India suggested to have a Climate Technology that is open to everyone at affordable
cost. India also suggested to create 1 trillion USD grant to the developing world
immediately.
3. About the Dialogue

The Dialogue is being organized by Germany since the failure of Copenhagen Summit in
2009. The dialogue is usually attended by the Environmental Ministers.
4. Copenhagen Summit
The Copenhagen Summit failed to deliver a climate deal. The 2009 United Nations
Climate Change Conference (UNFCCC) is commonly known as Copenhagen Summit. It
was held in Copenhagen, Denmark.
5. Other major UNFCCC

In 2010, the Green Climate Fund was established. In 2012, the Kyoto Protocol was
adopted. In 2015, the Paris Agreement was adopted.
338. Mobile Kiosk for COVID-19 Sample Testing used in Agartala Smart
City
The smart city, Agartala has implemented a mobile kiosk for sample collection. The kiosk
makes sure there are no wastages in Personal Protective Equipment and also ensures
protection to sample collecting medical professionals.
1. Highlights
The kiosk running on three-wheeler vehicle enables navigation and helps in collection of
samples from the community. There is no need for the patients to reach hospitals to give
samples. The kiosk also helps in mass testing.
2. Austerity Measures
The Tripura Government has announced “austerity measures” to reduce expenditure
and focus on optimum utilization of central government resources. The government
office expenses were to be reduced by 15%. All the Government offices were instructed
to make optimum utilization of their resources. They were strictly instructed to reduce
telephone bills, power by 10%.
3. Agartala Smart City

The smart city project of Agartala was implemented at a cost of Rs 357 crores. The Asian
Development Bank also funded by providing soft loans. Around Rs 2,000 crores were
sanctioned in all by both the central and state governments.
174
339. NTRO: Increase in Cyber Attacks due to work from home
On April 29, 2020, the National Technical Research Organization has reported that the
number of cyber attacks in the country has increased due to the work from home
scenario. According to the report, the critical sectors may fall prey to inimical forces to
relax geofencing restrictions that are granted to employees.
1. Highlights
The report says that many sectors including public enterprises, government
undertakings, banking, power, telecom, transport, energy are susceptible to attacks.
This has occurred mainly because several companies had relaxed their geofencing
restrictions in order to allow their employees to work from home.

Several cyber criminals have gone to an extent of impersonating officials from health
organizations and other government enterprises, seek donations through malicious e-
mail attachments.
3. Government Actions
In order to reduce this, the Ministry of Home Affairs has instructed the firms in the
country to track all CRUD (Create, Read, Update and Delete) activities in their IdAM
(Identity and Access Management). Also, the ministry has asked the firms to stay
resilient against ransomware attacks.
4. National Technical Research Organization

The NTRO was set up in 2004. It is a technical intelligence agency that acts under the
National Security Advisor of India in the Prime Minister Office. There are controversies
that the NTRO is not yet completely functional. It requires more than 98 million USD to
make the organization completely equipped.
340. Common Service Centres of GoI to take over E-Commerce in rural

areas
On April 29, 2020, the Government of India announced that the Common Service
Centres will now take over village level online retail chain. The step is expected to reach
more than 60 crores of people in rural region.
1. Highlights
The Common Service Centres are to take over the jobs of E-commerce Giants Flipkart
and Amazon in the rural regions. The initiative is promoted by Government of India. The
village-level online retail chains are being created to address the difficulties created by
the restrictions imposed on mobility. GoI has plans to provide massive essential supplies
through this initiative.
175
2. Common Service Centres
The Common Service Centres are to supply essential commodities like milk, vegetables,
fruits, pulses, etc. The consumers shall place their orders at these centres through
special applications.
341. HCARD: Robot to assist COVID-19 frontline warriors
On April 29, 2020, the robotic device HCARD, Hospital Care Assistive Robotic Device was
launched to help frontline health care workers. The robot will help them in maintaining
physical distance from the COVID-19 infected persons.
1. Highlights
The HCARD was developed by CSIR laboratory located in Durgapur. The device is
capable of working in both automatic and manual mode. It can be monitored and
controlled using a control station or a nursing booth. The cost of the device is Rs 5 lakhs
and it weighs 80 kilograms.
2. About HCARD
The HCARD works on war footing mechanism to reduce the impact of COVID-19 through
technological interventions. The device has drawers that will provide food to patients.
The device will also collect samples from patients.
3. Significance
The device is important to save the public and help in optimal use of Personal Protective
Equipment. With the robot being employed at hospitals, the chances of medical
professionals such as lab technicians, nurses or doctors meeting or interacting with the
patients decreases and so does the usage of PPEs. Also, the medical professionals
working in the frontline, with direct contact with the COVID-19 infected patients shall
remain safe.
342. CSIR Technology of Electrostatic Disinfection transferred for

Commercialization
The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research – Central Scientific Instrument

Organization (CSIR-CSIO) has developed a technology for sanitization and effective
disinfection. The CSIR-CSIO has transferred the technology to a Nagpur based company
Rite Water Solutions Private Limited.
1. Highlights
The Disinfectant technology has been found to be highly effective and efficient to stop
the spread of any pathogen. The machine has been developed based on the electrostatic
principle.
176
2. About the machine
The machine produces fine and uniform droplets of disinfectants that kills micro
organisms including virus. The main advantage of the machine is that it uses minimum
limited disinfectant as compared to other conventional and manual methods.
3. How is the device different?

The device sprays charges droplets of disinfectants. As the droplets are charged, they
can cover obscured surfaces as well. This improves the efficiency and efficacy of the
device to reach hidden areas. The hidden areas always have greater possibility of
viruses.
4. Swasth Bharat Abhiyan

The technology of electrostatic sprayer contributes to healthy life style and health care
of the masses. It is directly linked to Swasth Bharat Abhiyan. The Swasth Bharat Abhiyan
is implemented by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. The yatra under the
scheme was led by FSSAI.
343. Alzheimer Inhibitor developed by Jawaharlal Nehru Centre of

Advanced Scientific Research
The scientists of Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR)
operating under Department of Science and Technology has invented a natural product
for Alzheimer disease.
1. Significance
Alzheimer’s is a disorder that accounts for more than 70% of all types of dementia. It is
difficult to develop effective medication for the disease as the disease attributes to
multifaceted toxicity.
2. Ber-D
The Ber-D invented prevents generation of Reactive Oxygen Species. It rescues
biomacromolecules from oxidative damages. It prevents the accumulation of metal-
dependent and independent Amyloid Beta. Amyloid Beta are the peptides of amino acids
that build up around the brain cells.
3. Cause of Alzheimer
The disease is caused due to abnormal build up of protein around the brain cells.
Proteins are made up of amino acids. Therefore, the drug invented prevents deposition
of these proteins called Amyloid Beta around the brain cells.
344. Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation: Economic Decline of 2.7%

expected in the region
The Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation has stated that the APEC region is to face an
economic decline of 2.7% in 2020 due to the impact of COVID-19. Also, the region is to
177
face near growth rate. This will be the highest decline for the region since the 2008
financial crisis.
1. Highlights
The unemployment rate according to the report of APEC was 3.8% in 2019 and it is to
increase to 5.4% in 2020. The region is also expected to face an economic rebound in
the year 2021. The anticipated growth of the region in the 2021 is 6.3%.
2. APEC
APEC comprises of Vietnam, US, Thailand, Taiwan, Singapore, Russia, Philippines, Peru,
Papua New Guinea, New Zealand, Mexico, Malaysia, Republic of Korea, Japan, Indonesia,
Hong Kong, China, Chile, Canada, Brunei and Australia.
3. India and APEC

India is not a member of APEC. For the first time, India was invited to be an observer in
the association in 2011. India has requested for membership in APEC and had received
the support from Japan, US, Papua New Guinea and Australia. There are constraints
faced by India to join APEC as India does not border Pacific Ocean.
345. Task force on National Infrastructure Pipeline submits its report
On April 29, 2020, the task force on National Infrastructure Pipeline has submitted its
final report to Finance Minister Nirmala Sitaraman. The report has been prepared for the
year 2019-25.
1. Highlights
The summary of the report prepared by the task force on National Infrastructure Pipeline
had already been released in December 2019. The Finance Minister in her Union Budget
Speech 2019-20 had announced Rs 100 lakhs crore for the National Infrastructure
Pipeline.
2. Recommendations
The following recommendations were made by the task force
3. National Infrastructure Pipeline

The National Infrastructure Pipeline is the first of its kind. It aims to improve quality life
of the citizens in the country. The project will aim to attract investments. It has set a
target of making India a 5 trillion USD economy by 2025.
4. Functions of the Task Force

The Task Force was constituted to identify financially economical and feasible
infrastructure. It was tasked to estimate the annual infrastructure investment and capital
costs. Also, the task force was employed to monitor projects in order to minimize costs.
5. Infrastructure Vision 2025

The GoI has framed the Infrastructure Vision 2025. The main aspirations of the vision are
as follows
178
346. Lock Down improves water quality of Ganges
The Lock Down imposed in the country on March 22, 2020 has improved air quality and
water quality. According to CPCB (Central Pollution Control Board), 40 million litres of
waste water enters water bodies.
1. The Ganges
The water pollution of a river is measured based on Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD).
The Ganga has become dump yard for industrial waste and untreated sewage. Since
1985, several schemes and programmes have been launched to clean Ganga starting
with Ganga Action Plan I. Later in 2015, the biggest initiative Namami Gange was
launched.
2. After COVID-19
After lock down, the real time monitoring data from the CPCB say that out of 36
monitoring points of the Ganges, 27 are now clean and suitable for wildlife and fisheries
propagation.
3. Reasons
The major reasons for the improvement in the water quality is that activities such as
bathing, tourism, fairs near the ghats were stopped. Also, the major industrial activities
around the river were stopped.
347. IMD released list of 169 new names of Tropical Cyclones
The Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) has released 169 new names for the
tropical cyclones in the Indian Ocean Region.
1. Highlights
The names were contributed by 13 countries namely India, Sri Lanka, Maldives,
Myanmar, Oman, Thailand, Qatar, UAE, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Pakistan, Bangladesh and
Iran. The decision to create new list of cyclones was taken during the 45th session of
Panel on Tropical Cyclones (PTC) held by World Meteorological Organization.
2. Rules in fixing names

The names should have the following rules
3. Regional Specialize Meteorological Centre

The RSMC in New Delhi is responsible to name the cyclones in the region of Bay of
Bengal and Arabian Sea. The suggestion of names of cyclones in these regions including
Northern Indian is given by countries such as India, Bangladesh, Maldives, Myanmar,
Pakistan, Oman, Sri Lanka and Thailand.
179
348. GRID 2020 report: Over 5 million displaced in India in 2019
The Global Report on Internal Displacement, GRID 2020 released by Internal

Displacement Monitoring Centre, IDMC said that over 5 million people have displaced in
India in 2019. According to the report, this is the highest in the world.
1. Highlights: World
According to the report, around 33.4 million people faced displacements in the world due
to conflicts and disasters. They are spread in 145 countries. In 2019, around 75% of the
disasters were triggered by disasters. Out of these, 95% were due to weather hazards
such as floods and storms.
According to the report, social and economic vulnerability, hazard intensity and high
population were the major reasons for the displacement. The report says that 2.6 million
people in India suffered displacement due to south west monsoon. Around 19,000 faced
displacement in the country due to conflicts. They were mainly high in the regions of
West Bengal and Tripura.
3. Solutions
The report demands greater political support. It also suggests increased investment in
development sectors and humanitarian sectors.
180

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April 29, 2020

1. GoI: Interest Rates on Small Savings Schemes lowered

3. Public Provident Fund

4. National Savings Certificate

5. Kisan Vikas Patra

3. Ordinance passed for 100% Tax Exemption on donations to PM Cares

1. Key Features on Direct Taxes

2. Key Features on Indirect Taxes

4. UN Security Council adopts Resolution on Safety and Security of

2. Action for Peace

5. ICCR launches International painting competition on COVID-19

3. Maulana Abul Kalam Azad

6. COVID-19: World Bank offers 1 billion USD for India’ Emergency

1. About the Project

7. GoI extends Foreign Trade Policy

1. Objective of the policy

8. ICMR: Three Quasi-sub species of COVID-19 virus in circulation in India

9. GoI regulates 24 classes of medical devices as drugs

2. Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient

10. Navaratnalu Pedalandariki Illu Programme: 25 lakh poor to get

4. YSR Rythu Bharosa

11. Pensionla Pempu

11. G20 Finance Ministers Meet: Nirmala Sitaraman represents India

2. Suggestions made by India

12. Government Scientific Advisor issues manual for Homemade Masks

14. Vivad Se Vishwas Scheme: Rs 888.09 crores saved by NMDC under

15. India and China celebrate their 70th anniversary of Diplomatic

The Andhra Pradesh Government is to buy Multi-feed Oxygen Manifold developed by

17. Utkala Dibasa, Odisha Statehood Day celebrated on April 1

18. Food Corporation of India conducts E-Auction to meet goals of

19. COP26 postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic

20. April 2: World Autism Awareness Day

3. Factors associated with Autism

21. United Nations Nuclear Agency sends COVID-19 testing gears to 40

3. About the kit

22. United Nations Security council to meet on COVID-19 first time

2. UNSC during Ebola

23. National Book Trust launched “Corona Studies” Book Series

2. National Book Trust

3. Stay Home India with Books

24. DARPG: National Monitoring Dashboard launched

1. About the Chatbot