1/6/2020 The chamber liquid propellant rocket engine and its case

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The chamber liquid propellant rocket engine and its case

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1/6/2020 The chamber liquid propellant rocket engine and its case

F02K9/62 - Combustion or thrust chambers

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1/6/2020 The chamber liquid propellant rocket engine and its case

(57) Abstract:

The invention relates to a rocket engine, and can also be used in the aircraft engine industry. The camera includes a housing, a
means of ignition and mixing head. Mixing head consists of an inner fire of the bottom, middle bottom, outer bottom, two-
component nozzle is fixed in the internal fire plate and the middle plate. Part two-component nozzles are installed for serving
internal firing the bottom, and the other part is recessed fire in the bottom. Means of ignition are made of inkjet nozzles installed in
the power case for the inner flame plate. Axis of the consumable holes in inkjet nozzles are arranged at an acute angle to the
output of the power housing and rejected in a circle in the transverse plane from the longitudinal axis of the power of the body in
the same direction. The camera body includes a combustion chamber and nozzle, made of power shell fire wall. Tract regenerative
cooling is between power shell and fire wall. A circular slot belt veils made in the internal fire wall before the critical section of the
nozzle. Tract regenerative cooling the economic section of the nozzle and cut, the second branch with the cavity of the cooling
channel before the critical section of the nozzle, and the third with the cavity of the cooling channel in front of the annular gap zone
of the veil. This embodiment of the camera and housing will improve technical and operational characteristics of the engine and its
resource when multiple inclusion. 2 C. and 10 C.p. f-crystals, 9 Il.

The invention relates to a rocket engine, and can also be used in the aircraft engine industry.

In the technique has found wide spread of the chambers which communicate with liquid and gaseous components of the fuel or the
products of their gas producing.

Known combustion chamber mainly for gas turbines (US, A, 4211073). The camera has a mixing head comprising inner fire, outer
and middle of the bottom and directed along the axis camera two-component nozzle. The camera body comprises an external
power shell and internal fire walls between which is located a tract of regenerative cooling. The side nozzles evenly spaced around
the circumference of the camera body. The device is difficult to use as a camera LRE large rods, in particular due to the fact that in
practice it is not always possible to reliably ensure volplane the engine (LPRE) (US, A, 4621492).

In this chamber the mixing head has an inner fire, outer and middle of the bottom. The nozzle of the mixing head attached to the
bottoms. The nozzle contains three concentrically inserted into each other bushings that are located in the buildings of the
injectors. The sleeve has a Central axial channel for supplying a liquid oxidizer. There are nozzles protruding casing which extends
over the inner fire the bottom.

This solution is not efficient for cells of large size, as it is used nozzles of the same type. In addition, the nozzle is structurally
complex, as it consists of three concentric inserted one into each of the sleeves. Known technical solution is designed for liquid
oxidizer supplied along the axis of the nozzle. For gaseous oxidant or oxidizing gas nozzle design requires significant
improvement. In addition, in some cases for large cameras LRE cannot be considered fully reliable and effective supply igniter
mixture through the Central nozzle of the mixing head.

The closest technical solution is the camera LRE and its integral part in American raketnitsy engines. M., 1989, page 124, Fig.
6.40, page 135, Fig. 7.12).

Chamber of the housing and the mixing head. The mixing head has a front, intermediate, and outer bottom and mounted them in
the nozzles. Everything used in this technical solution, the nozzle can be functionally divided into the main nozzle and the nozzle

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forming antipollution partitions. The camera body has an external power shell and ribbed on the outer side of the inner fire wall,
between which is formed a tract of regenerative cooling.

The camera is used for a liquid propellant rocket engine components fuel oxygen - hydrogen. For these components, fuel is the
camera and its component parts, including ignition and mixture formation. The application of this known technical solution for LRE
operating on the components of the fuel, the oxygen - kerosene, requires a significant not known from the prior art design
modifications.

In rocket engine development, widespread different hull designs cameras LRE.

Known two-component rocket engine (US, A, 4894986).

The camera body LPRE this engine aqueous cooling of one of the fuels. This tract has input and output. The entrance channel is to
allow part of the body.

There is also known a camera body LRE SSME (Monograph,, Gahan, C. I. Baulin, V. A. Volodin, and other Construction and
design of liquid propellant rocket engines. M., 1989, page 124, Fig. 6.40.5).

The housing consists of an external power shell, internal fire walls between which is located a tract of regenerative cooling of one
of the fuels. The entrance of the cooling channel is located on the nozzle body.

As in the technical solution of the source of information (US, A, 4894986) and the engine SSME (Monograph,, Gahan, C. I. Baulin,
V. A. Volodin, and other Construction and design of liquid propellant rocket engines. M., 1989, page 124, Fig. 6.40.5) probable
reserves increase cooling efficiency, firstly, due to the fact that the announcement of cooling a fuel component in the known
constructions made in the most high-heat locations of fire wall of the body and, secondly, due to the fact that they do not slit the
inner cooling chamber. These limitations do not allow further increase of the temperature in the outer layer of combustion products,
i.e., on the fire wall of the housing.

The closest technical who stoat from the external power shell and inner fire wall with located between the path of the regenerative
cooling chamber, moreover, in the internal fire wall is made annular gap zone of the veil (US, A, 3595023).

This design also has limitations regarding the reduction of the firing temperature of the casing wall in the most heat-stressed areas
on startup and when entering the mode of operation of the engine, and has the additional reserves to increase the efficiency of
cooling the internal fire wall of the camera housing.

The present invention is the task of creating a large-volume chamber for powerful liquid propellant rocket engine components fuel:
high-temperature oxidative gas generator gas from combustion products of kerosene oxygen and kerosene, ensuring stable
functioning in relation to the possibility of high-frequency oscillations, as when starting and operating mode, as well as the creation
of the camera housing, which provides improved cooling of the fire wall in the most heat-stressed areas of the body, as when
starting and operating mode, and, thus, to improve technical and operational characteristics of the engine and its resource when
multiple inclusion.

The essence of the claimed invention for a camera LRE is e and the average of the bottom, and directed along the axis camera
two-component nozzle. Part injectors made advocating for firing the bottom and forming a chamber inner walls of buildings
injectors.

The camera also includes a camera body which has an external power shell and ribbed on the outer side of the inner fire wall,
between which is formed a tract of regenerative cooling.

A distinctive feature of the claimed camera is that the means of ignition are made of inkjet nozzles installed at the inner flame plate
in the power case, the axis of the consumable holes in inkjet nozzles are arranged at an acute angle to the output of the power
housing and rejected in a circle in the transverse plane from the longitudinal axis of the power of the body in the same direction,
and the axis of the feed holes of each jet nozzle is skew relative to the axis of the consumable holes of adjacent nozzles in favour
of firing the bottom two-component nozzles form a ring and radial partitions, with a two-component nozzle, recessed fire in the
bottom, made with different hydrocortisone supplying fuel and divided the th from 3% to 10% in nominal mode, moreover, two-
component nozzles fixed in the firing plate and the middle plate so that between the adjacent two nozzles of different groups, and
two, as protruding and recessed nozzles have axial supply of the oxidizing gas and the tangential supply of fuel, and also that the
angle of deviation of the axis of the feed openings for each jet nozzle is set by the angle of deviation of the axis of the jet nozzle
from its projection on the axis of the power of the body in the plane located on the axis of the feed holes and parallel to the axis of
the power unit is selected in the range of 60oup to 80oand the distance b from the longitudinal axis of the power of the body to the
projection axis of the feed holes of the inkjet nozzles on a plane located perpendicular to the axis of the power of the body and in
the center of the jet nozzles selected in the range from 0.05 to 0.35 inner diameter D2power enclosures in the place of installation
of the ink jet nozzles.

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The camera also differs in that the inputs of the jet injector plugs are United by a common manifold for the supply of the
inflammatory component and consumable holes inkjet nozzles are located in a transverse plane of the power of the body between
vnutrnenney conical bore along the axis recessed two-component nozzles.

Also, a sleeve installed inside buildings, internal speakers for firing the bottom two-component nozzles, axial inlet through the
oxidation gas, the sleeve is made of spiral ribs for education between the spiral channels for supplying fuel into the power case,
which communicated with the holes made in the case of a two-component nozzle between the inner flame plate and the middle
plate, the orifices are arranged tangentially with respect to the axial inlet oxidizing gas.

Another distinctive feature of the camera is that recessed fire in the bottom two-component nozzles have a nozzle, the ends of
which are fixed in the holes of the fire face, while between the nozzle and the nozzle body is made of fire cavity, and in the wall
nasdaw holes, informing the cavity fuel injector head with the specified ring cavity, the cavity openings are located tangentially with
respect to the axial inlet oxidizing gas.

In the camera body liquid-propellant rocket engine comprising a combustion chamber and nozzle, made of power shell and fire wall
the wall made the gap zone of the veil, which is hydraulically communicated with the first inlet, the differences consist in the fact
that the tract of regenerative cooling is further provided with second and third input, the second input is in communication with the
cooling channel between the critical section of the nozzle and its slice, and a third cooling channel of the combustion chamber, the
first inlet communicated with the path of the regenerative cooling of the critical section of the nozzle, and the output of which is
communicated with the third input and the first input, second input and the third input common pipe, branched and placed outside
of the camera, and before the ring slit belt of the veil on the inner surface of the fire wall is made of spiral ribbing and fire in the wall
of the combustion chamber near the crack zone veils made additional annular gap zone of the veil, which is also hydraulically
communicated with the first inlet channel regenerative cooling.

These advantages, and features of the present invention are explained the best option its performance with reference to the
accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 depicts a camera LRE in the context;

Fig. 2 is a schematic section A-A view of the fire plate with nozzles;

Fig. 3 - section B-B on the th II in Fig. 1 with a sunken fire in the bottom of the nozzle;

Fig. 7 - the camera body LRE shown in Fig. 1 with one of the annular slit of the veil belt cooling before the critical section;

Fig. 8 - region III in Fig. 7 for a camera with one annular slit curtain belt cooling in place before the critical section of the nozzle;

Fig. 9 is a variant of the region III in Fig. 7 for camera with two annular slits of the veil zone cooling in place before the critical
section of the nozzle, as shown in Fig. 1.

The design of the chamber rocket engine shown in Fig. 1 is as follows.

Mixing head 1 has an internal firing the bottom 2, the average of the bottom 3 and the outer plate 4 and are mounted in the
bottoms of the nozzles 12, 13. Mixing head 1 are connected by welding (in principle, can be flange connection) with the camera
housing 5, which contains the combustion chamber 6 and the nozzle 7. The camera body also includes an external power shell 8
and the internal fire wall 9.

As can be seen in Fig. 2, the internal fire wall has ribs 10, between which are grooves 11, forming the path of the regenerative
cooling of the fire wall 9. Mixing head 1 has projecting beyond the inner fire the bottom 2 forconsumer radial partitions 14 and the
annular wall 15 (see Fig. 2). These septum thickened location on the firing plate 2 nozzles 12 and 13 have a deviation from the
strictly rectilinear and circular forms.

In the combustion chamber around the fire face 2 installed injector igniter 16 (see Fig. 1, 3, 4) having nozzle holes 17 with a
diameter of D1. The axes of these holes have a same spatial direction, which is defined by the angle lies in a vertical plane passing
through the axis of the nozzle, and is measured between the axis of the nozzle and its projection on the vertical axis and directed
to the output side of the camera) and the shortest distance L from the center of the camera to the projection axis of the nozzle in a
plane perpendicular to the chamber axis and passing through the center of the nozzle (see Fig. 3). Injector igniter 16 in our case
four. They are evenly spaced around the circumference and hydraulically United by a common manifold 17. (In principle, a different
number and arrangement of such nozzles, for example, three or six).

The distance L is made equal to 0.2 internal diameter D2housing in place install these injectors. In General this distance it is
advisable to choose from 0.05 to 0.35 of the diameter D2. At lower and amenities on the run.
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The angle of deflection of the axis of the hole D1in the output side (see Fig. 4) is 70o. When starting conditions of modern rocket
engines, the optimal value of these angles is in the range of 60oup to 80o.

Speakers for firing the bottom nozzle 12 shown in Fig. 5, where the 19 - cavity oxidizing gas mixing head 1, 20 - cavity fuel injector
head 1, 21 - fire cavity of the combustion chamber. The nozzle 12 has a protruding portion 22 and secured in the bottoms 2 and 3,
for example, soldering.

Inside the nozzle 12 is inserted sleeve 23 with the axial inlet 24 oxidizing gas. The nozzle also has holes 25 and the spiral ribs 26
on the sleeve 23. Between the spiral ribs 26 are spiral channels 27 for the passage of fuel and cooling serving the firing cavity
portion 22 of the nozzle. Nozzles 12 located near the fire wall 9 of the chamber, have increased hydrocortisone line fuel compared
to other nozzles 12. This can be achieved, for example, by reducing the diameters of the holes 25.

Recessed fire in the bottom 2, the nozzle 13 (see Fig. 1) is shown in Fig. 6. This atomizer as well as the previous is a two-
component with axial inlet of arnprior, by soldering. Itself nozzle planted and firmly fixed, for example, by soldering in the bottoms 2
and 3. It has a centrifugal tangentially spaced holes 29 fuel. Holes 29 are communicated with the annular slot cavity 30, directly
communicating with the output cavity 31. The output cavity 31 of the nozzle 13 extends into the conical bore 32 fire in the bottom 2.

Nozzle 13, also located near the firing chamber walls must be different mutual location and a certain step on fuel consumption, so
they are separated in the growth of fuel consumption by group (for example, three groups). While nozzles of different groups are
made so that the mass flow rate of fuel at nominal operation mode of the engine differed between neighboring groups of at least
3% and not more than 10%. Introduction nozzles with different flow rate is necessary in order to reduce the effects of high-
frequency fluctuations in the operating conditions of the engine. When mounting the nozzles 13 to the mixing cylinder 1 injector is
positioned so that between the adjacent nozzles of different groups that are installed in the camera according to a certain law (for
example, by cyclic sequential spiral repetition is part of the head shown in Fig. 2, section a-A. In addition, each nozzle
corresponding group is indicated by a circle filled with a solid color sector of the appropriate size:

the nozzle of the first group indicated by coloured sector is 1/4 the size of the circle.

the nozzle of the second group indicated by coloured sector 1/2 the size of the circle.

the third nozzle group is indicated by two diametrically opposite colored sectors the size of 1/4 of a circle.

With plenty of the fourth part of a circle schematically shows a nozzle of the first group. Flooded half the circumference of the
nozzles of the second group and filled with two diametrically spaced quarters of a circle depicted nozzles of the third group. The
nozzles 13 are located near the fire wall (marked with colored sectors size 3/4 circle) and have increased hydrocortisone highway
fuel, i.e., providing reduced fuel consumption compared to other above-mentioned nozzles 13.

The camera body (see Fig. 7) consists of a combustion chamber 6 and the nozzle 7 (the case shown in Fig. 7 without the mixing
head of Fig. 1 and is a part of the chamber LRE). The camera body includes an outer silo is ri the description of Fig. 2.

The housing has an inlet 33 and outlet 34 tract regenerative cooling. On the inside fire wall 9 of the body is a circular slot 35 belt of
the veil. On the outer side of the inner fire wall 9 in front of the annular gap 35 in the path of the regenerative cooling is performed,
as shown in Fig. 8, the helical fins having spiral ribs 36 and the spiral grooves 37 (Fig. 8).

In Fig. 9 shows a variant designated III corps with two ring slots 35 and 38 of the belts of the veil. There are also spiral ribs 36 and
the spiral grooves 37.

As can be seen in Fig. 7, the entrance to the cooling channel camera performed extensive. Branch 39 is directed into the cavity of
the cooling channel between the critical section of the nozzle 40 and the slice 41. Branch 42 is directed into the cavity of the
cooling channel immediately before the critical section of the nozzle 40, and the branch 43 is directed into the cooling channel belts
veils (Fig. 9).

In the connection housing 5 camera with a mixing head 1 has a circular slot 44 of the veil (Fig. 1).

In embodiments, the slit 44 may be made also or separately in the housing or separately into the mixing head. The constructive
design of this slit may be similar to the annular gap 35 belt saveshadowi pipeline hermetically sealed with an average bottom 3, for
example, by welding, as shown in Fig. 1.

Luggage LRE and the camera body in its composition as follows.

The cooling fuel is supplied to the cooling channel of the camera between the external power shell 8 and the internal fire wall 9 and
into the firing cavity 21 of the chamber through the nozzles 12 and 13 and the ring slots 35, 38 and 44 of the zones of the veil, as
shown by arrows on the drawings.

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The oxidizing gas with a large excess of oxygen is supplied through the outer plate 4 and the nozzles 12 and 13 in the firing cavity
21 of the camera.

In accordance with the launcher rocket engine fire in the cavity 21 of the camera is igniter through a nozzle 16 having a nozzle hole
17. As a result of fire cavity 21 is fastened the process of interaction between the components of the fuel, increases the pressure,
is provided by the output of the engine mode. The selected direction of the axes of the nozzle holes 17 ensures the stability
conditions of ignition of the fuel components in the motor output mode.

The presence of spiral ribs and grooves 36 and 37 provides the rotation of the threads, which improves the fit of the cooling flow to
the internal fire wall of the housing ry.

Most successfully stated Luggage LRE and its case can be used in rockets.

1. Luggage liquid-propellant rocket engine, containing power case in which the channels of regenerative cooling, the means of
ignition and mixing head, consisting of the internal fire of the bottom, middle bottom, outer bottom and from two-component
nozzles, mounted in the internal fire plate and the middle plate, a two-component nozzle is installed as a stand for the internal firing
the bottom for education within the power of the camera housing walls, and recessed into the firing plate, characterized in that the
means of ignition are made of inkjet nozzles installed at the inner flame plate in the power case, axis of the consumable holes in
inkjet nozzles are arranged at an acute angle to the output from the power housing and rejected in a circle in the transverse plane
from the longitudinal axis of the power of the body in the same direction, and the axis of the feed openings for each jet nozzle is
skew relative to the axis of the consumable holes of adjacent nozzles in favour of firing the bottom two-component nozzles form a
number of different hydrocortisone supplying fuel and divided by fuel consumption into three groups with the possibility of a
difference in fuel costs between each group of 3 to 10% in nominal mode, and two-component nozzle is enshrined in the fire plate
and the middle plate so that between the adjacent two nozzles of different groups, and two, as protruding and recessed nozzles
have axial supply of the oxidizing gas and the tangential supply of fuel.

2. Luggage under item 1, characterized in that the angle of deviation of the axis of the feed openings for each jet nozzle is set by
the angle of deviation of the axis of the jet nozzle from its projection on the axis of the power of the body in the plane located on the
axis of the feed holes and parallel to the axis of the power unit is selected in the range of 60 - 80oand the distance L from the
longitudinal axis of the power of the body to the projection axis of the feed holes of the inkjet nozzles on a plane located
perpendicular to the axis of the power of the body and in the center of the jet nozzles selected in the range of 0,05 - 0,35 inner
diameter D2power enclosures in the place of installation of the ink jet nozzles.

3. Luggage under item 2, characterized in that the inputs of jet injectors ignition joint comprising a transverse plane of the power of
the body between the inner flame plate and the ends protruding from it two-component nozzles.

4. Luggage under item 1, characterized in that the inner fire the hull is made conical bore along the axis recessed two-component
nozzles.

5. Luggage under item 1, characterized in that the sleeve installed inside buildings internal speakers for firing the bottom two-
component nozzles, axial inlet through the oxidation gas, the sleeve is made of spiral ribs for education between the spiral
channels for supplying fuel into the power case, which communicated with the holes made in the case of a two-component nozzle
between the inner flame plate and middle plate.

6. Luggage under item 5, wherein the holes are arranged tangentially with respect to the axial inlet oxidizing gas.

7. Luggage under item 1, characterized in that recessed fire in the bottom two-component nozzles have a nozzle, the ends of
which are fixed in the holes of the fire face, while between the nozzle and the nozzle body is made of a ring cavity, and in the wall
nasdaw holes, informing the cavity fuel injector head with the specified ring cavity.

8. Luggage under item 7, characterized in that the opening races of the propellant engines, including a combustion chamber and
nozzle, made of power shell and fire walls between which is located a tract of regenerative cooling chamber having first input and
output, and in the fire wall made the gap zone of the veil, which is communicated with the first inlet, wherein the path of the
regenerative cooling chamber is further provided with second and third inlet, a second inlet communicated with the cooling channel
between the critical section of the nozzle and its slice, and a third cooling channel of the combustion chamber, the first inlet
communicated with the path of the regenerative cooling of the critical section of the nozzle.

10. The case under item 9, characterized in that the first input, second input and the third input of the joint pipe, branched and
placed outside of the camera.

11. The case under item 9, characterized in that the front annular gap zone of the veil on the inner surface of the fire wall is made
of spiral ribbing.

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12. The case under item 9, characterized in that the fire wall of the combustion chamber near the crack zone veils made additional
annular gap zone of the veil.

Max pressure up to 80 Mpa

Gas cylinder transfer and

lling
Suncenter Group

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1/6/2020 The chamber liquid propellant rocket engine and its case

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steel inner and outer envelopes connected with manifold unit includes making of envelopes of sheet blanks
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after skewed edge of said channels. Fire bottom represents a semi-sphere. Said fire bottom has tangential channels of curtain
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into chamber at supersonic speed and then with operating pressure reached therein, combustion chamber is blown down by
gaseous oxidiser from swirled flow periphery to paraxial zone, while tangential and toroidal vortices of mix formation and
combustion products are formed.

EFFECT: higher specific thrust pulse and longer life.

2 cl, 6 dwg

Aircraft combustion chamber case // 2430306

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: proposed combustion chamber multilayer case comprises internal pressure load bearing metal
shell, layer of silicon dioxide fabric impregnated with high-temperature glue for it to be guide to metal shell inner surface
whereon sequentially applied are ceramic composite material reinforced by carbon fibers, antirust binder layer and high-
temperature ceramic composite material layer to stay in contact with gas produced in fuel combustion that feature temperature
approximating to 1600�C. Silicon dioxide fabric features heat conductivity of about 0.2 W/mC. Linear expansion factor and
modulus allow thermal and mechanical compatibility of metal shell and said ceramic layers at operating temperatures of about
1000�C and make about 20 106, 1/�C and 20 GPa, respectively. Thickness of every layer is selected so that temperature load
on metal shell is reduced to level not requiring additional external air cooling.

EFFECT: improved operating performances and higher efficiency.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Liquid-propellant engine // 2445500

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: liquid-propellant engine includes annular chamber with mixing head including component
supply units, coaxial spray injectors installed in units along concentric circles and containing a hollow tip
connecting the cavity of one fuel component to combustion chamber cavity, sleeve enclosing the tip with a
gap and connecting the cavity of the other fuel component to combustion chamber cavity. In outlet part of the tip there made are
pylons interacting with inner sleeve surface and aligning the tip relative to the sleeve, plate nozzle of external expansion, shaped
central body and annular critical section, control units and power supply units, which involve turbine-pump unit with turbine, and
which are located in the cavity of shaped central body. The latter consists of several parts. At that, at least one part of shaped
central body is provided with possibility of radial axisymmetrical rotation about longitudinal axis of shaped central body and is
kinematically connected to power supply units. On its external surface there installed are blades for giving rotational movement

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1/6/2020 The chamber liquid propellant rocket engine and its case

to it. In pylons there made are channels one end of which opens to the tip cavity and the other one - to combustion chamber
cavity.

EFFECT: increasing specific burst of power, simplifying pneumatic-hydraulic circuit, and increasing the pressure in chamber at
minimum overall dimensions.

3 dwg

Liquid-propellant engine // 2445501

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: liquid-propellant engine includes annular chamber with mixing head and plate nozzle of
external expansion, shaped central body and annular critical section. Control units and power supply units,
which include turbine-pump unit with turbine, are located in cavity of shaped central body. The latter consists
of several parts; at that, at least one part of shaped central body is provided with possibility of radial
axisymmetrical rotation about longitudinal axis of shaped central body and kinematically connected to power supply units, and
on its external surface there installed are blades for bringing it into rotary movement. Annular cavities for supply of fuel
components on the side of combustion chamber cavity are covered with spacer plates in which there made are holes for supply
of fuel components to combustion zone. On the side opposite to combustion zone the above cavities are covered with shaped
bottom the inner surface of which is stepped; at that, at the bottom there made are radial and axial channels connecting fuel
component supply cavities to the appropriate annular cavities.

EFFECT: increasing specific burst of power, simplifying pneumatic-hydraulic circuit, and increasing pressure in chamber at
minimum overall dimensions.

3 dwg

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